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# Memelang v5 |
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Memelang is an concise query language for structured data, knowledge graphs, retrieval-augmented generation, and semantic data. See the [Python GitHub repository](https://github.com/memelang-net/memesql5/). |
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### Memes |
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A meme comprises key-value pairs separated by spaces, starting with `m=int`, and ending with a semicolon. A meme is analogous to a relational database row. |
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``` |
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m=123 R1=A1 R2=A2 R3=A3; |
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``` |
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* ***M-identifier***: an arbitrary integer in the form `m=123`, analogous to a primary key |
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* ***R-relation***: an alphanumeric key analogous to a database column |
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* ***A-value***: an integer, decimal, or string analogous to a database cell value |
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* Non-alphanumeric strings are double-quoted, with CSV-style quote escaping `="John ""Jack"" Kennedy"` |
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* Comments are prefixed with double forward slashes `//` |
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``` |
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// Example memes for the Star Wars cast |
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m=123 actor="Mark Hamill" role="Luke Skywalker" movie="Star Wars" rating=4.5; |
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m=456 actor="Harrison Ford" role="Han Solo" movie="Star Wars" rating=4.6; |
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m=789 actor="Carrie Fisher" role=Leia movie="Star Wars" rating=4.2; |
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``` |
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### Queries |
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Queries are partial memes with empty parts as wildcards: |
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* Empty A-values retrieve all values for the specified R-relation |
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* Empty R-relations retrieve all relations for the specified A-value |
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* Empty R-relations and A-values (` = `) retrieve all pairs in the meme |
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``` |
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// Query for all movies with Mark Hamill as an actor |
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actor="Mark Hamill" movie=; |
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// Query for all relations involving Mark Hamill |
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="Mark Hamill"; |
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// Query for all relations and values from all memes relating to Mark Hamill: |
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="Mark Hamill" =; |
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``` |
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A-value operators: |
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* String: `=`, `!=` |
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* Numerics: `=`, `!=`, `>`, `>=`, `<`, `<=` |
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``` |
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firstName=Joe; |
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lastName!="David-Smith"; |
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height>=1.6; |
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width<2; |
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weight!=150; |
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``` |
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Comma-separated values produce an ***OR*** list: |
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``` |
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// Query for (actor OR producer) = (Mark OR "Mark Hamill") |
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actor,producer=Mark,"Mark Hamill" |
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``` |
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R-relation operators: |
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* `!` negates the relation name |
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``` |
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// Query for Mark Hamill's non-acting relations |
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!actor="Mark Hamill"; |
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// Query for an actor who is not Mark Hamill |
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actor!="Mark Hamill"; |
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// Query all relations excluding actor and producer for Mark Hamill |
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!actor,producer="Mark Hamill" |
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``` |
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### A-Joins |
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Open brackets `R1[R2` join memes with equal `R1` and `R2` A-values. Open brackets need **not** be closed, a semicolon closes all brackets. |
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``` |
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// Generic example |
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R1=A1 R2[R3 R4>A4 A5=; |
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// Query for all of Mark Hamill's costars |
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actor="Mark Hamill" movie[movie actor=; |
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// Query for all movies in which both Mark Hamill and Carrie Fisher act together |
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actor="Mark Hamill" movie[movie actor="Carrie Fisher"; |
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// Query for anyone who is both an actor and a producer |
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actor[producer; |
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// Query for a second cousin: child's parent's cousin's child |
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child= parent[cousin parent[child; |
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// Join any A-Value from the present meme to that A-Value in another meme |
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R1=A1 [ R2=A2 |
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``` |
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Joined queries return one meme with multiple `m=` M-identifiers. Each `R=A` belongs to the preceding `m=` meme. |
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``` |
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m=123 actor="Mark Hamill" movie="Star Wars" m=456 movie="Star Wars" actor="Harrison Ford"; |
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``` |
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### Variables |
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R-relations and A-values may be certain variable symbols. Variables *cannot* be inside quotes. |
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* `@` Last matching A‑value |
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* `%` Last matching R‑relation |
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* `#` Current M-identifier |
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``` |
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// Join two different memes where R1 and R2 have the same A-value (equivalent to R1[R2) |
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R1= m!=# R2=@; |
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// Two different R-relations have the same A-value |
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R1= R2=@; |
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// The first A-value is the second R-relation |
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R1= @=A2; |
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// The first R-relation equals the second A-value |
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=A1 R2=%; |
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// The pattern is run twice (redundant) |
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R1=A1 %=@; |
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// The second A-value may be Jeff or the previous A-value |
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R1=A1 R2=Jeff,@; |
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``` |
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### M-Joins |
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Explicit joins are controlled using `m` and `#`. |
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* `m=#` present meme (implicit default) |
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* `m!=#` join to a different meme |
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* `m= ` join to any meme (including the present) |
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* `m=^#` (or `]`) resets `m` and `#` to the *previous* meme, acts as *un*join |
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``` |
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// Join two different memes where R1 and R2 have the same A-value (equivalent to R1[R2) |
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R1= m!=# R2=@; |
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// Join any memes (including the present one) where R1 and R2 have the same A-value |
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R1= m= R2=@; |
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// Join two different memes, unjoin, join a third meme (equivalent statements) |
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R1[R2] R3[R4; |
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R1= m!=# R2=@ m=^# R3= m!=# R4=@; |
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// Unjoins may be sequential (equivalent statements) |
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R1[R2 R3[R4]] R5=; |
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R1= m!=# R2=@ R3= m!=# R4=@ m=^# m=^# R5=; |
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R1= m!=# R2=@ R3= m!=# R4=@ m=^# ] R5=; |
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R1= m!=# R2=@ R3= m!=# R4=@ ]] R5=; |
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// Join two different memes on R1=R2, unjoin, then join the first meme to another where R4=R5 |
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R1= m!=# R2=@ R3= m=^# R4= m!=# R5=@; |
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// Query for a meta-meme, R2's A-value is R1's M-identifier |
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R1=A1 m= R2=# |
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``` |
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### About |
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Memelang was created by [Bri Holt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bri_Holt) and first disclosed in a [2023 U.S. Provisional Patent application](https://patents.google.com/patent/US20250068615A1). ©2025 HOLTWORK LLC. Contact [info@memelang.net](mailto:info@memelang.net). |
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