feat: add epi info dataset

SOURCE_DOCUMENTS/epi.txt

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-The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) provides a data-driven
-summary of the state of sustainability around the world. Using 40 performance
-indicators across 11 issue categories, the EPI ranks 180 countries on climate
-change performance, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality.
-These indicators provide a gauge at a national scale of how close countries
-are to established environmental policy targets. The EPI offers a
-scorecard that highlights leaders and laggards in environmental
-performance and provides practical guidance for countries that aspire
-to move toward a sustainable future.
-
-EPI indicators provide a way to spot problems, set targets, track trends,
-understand outcomes, and identify best policy practices. Good data and
-fact-based analysis can also help government officials refine their policy
-agendas, facilitate communications with key stakeholders, and maximize the
-return on environmental investments. The EPI offers a powerful policy
-tool in support of efforts to meet the targets of the UN Sustainable
-Development Goals and to move society toward a sustainable future.
-
-Overall EPI rankings indicate which countries are best addressing the
-environmental challenges that every nation faces. Going beyond the
-aggregate scores and drilling down into the data to analyze performance
-by issue category, policy objective, peer group, and country offers even
-greater value for policymakers. This granular view and comparative
-perspective can assist in understanding the determinants of environmental
-progress and in refining policy choices.
-
-Over 2 billion people — nearly 25% of the world’s population — currently
-drink unsafe water, and nearly 3.6 billion
-people lack access to basic sanitation services like sewage treatment.
-Without clean water, morbidity and
-mortality remain high in many regions of the globe, particularly Sub-Saharan
-Africa and Southern Asia.
-
-The world has made only modest progress in reducing poor health
-outcomes from inadequate Sanitation & Drinking Water.
-Countries striving to improve their water and sanitation
-infrastructure under Sustainable Development Goal 6 often lack
-the financial or engineering capacity to adequately achieve healthy standards,
-illustrating the importance of international aid in the form of funding and
-technology sharing. Global and national leaders must
-take considerable action to expand safe drinking water
-and sanitation access to the billions of people who suffer
-from the lack of these services.
-
-Ensuring universal access to safely managed sanitation
-and drinking water promotes human health and sustainable development. Clean water and proper sanitation are
-essential to preventing the transmission of disease
-(Prüss-Üstün et al., 2008), including the COVID-19 virus
-(Otto et al., 2020). Despite the importance of safe water
-maintaining an individual's well-being, 2 billion people lack
-access to clean drinking water and 3.6 billion people lack
-basic sanitation services (UN-Water, 2021).
-
-As climate change warms the world, ecosystems that
-provide water shrink, making water access more unpredictable and scarce (UN-Water, 2021). These trends
-exacerbate gender inequalities in societies, as the burden
-of fetching clean water from far-away sources often falls
-on women (Kayser et al., 2019). The 2022 EPI Sanitation &
-Drinking Water metrics track diseases and deaths from
-exposure to unsafe sanitation and drinking water, providing countries with insights on whether their water
-infrastructure is sufficient to maintain public health
-
-Unsafe Sanitation (40% of issue category)
-We measure unsafe sanitation using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost per 100,000 persons (DALY rate) due to their exposure to
-inadequate sanitation facilities.
-Unsafe Drinking Water (60% of issue category)
-We measure unsafe drinking water using the number of age-standardized disability adjusted life-years lost per 100,000 persons (DALY rate) due to exposure to unsafe
-drinking water.
-
-The world remains far from establishing universal access
-to safely managed drinking water and sanitation services.
-Between 2000 and 2020, however, 2 billion individuals
-gained access to clean water and 2.4 billion individuals
-gained improved sanitation services (WHO and UNICEF,
-2021). Figure 6-2 shows that the number of lives lost due
-to unsafe water or inadequate sanitation has steadily decreased for the last thirty years.
-Sustainable Development Goal 6 outlines a target of ensuring available and safely managed water for all by 2030
-(Sadoff et al., 2020). While this ambitious target highlights the importance of clean water, reaching it will not
-be easy. Achieving universal access to both safely managed drinking water and sanitation services in this
-timeline will require a four-fold increase in current levels
-of progress (UN-Water, 2021). Without substantial investment, an estimated 1.6 billion people will lack access
-to safe drinking water at home and 2.8 billion people will
-lack safe sanitation services by 2030 (WHO and UNICEF,
-2021).
-
-Geographic inequities in access to safe drinking water
-and sanitation exist in many regions (Prüss-Üstün et al.,
-2008). While, on average, 74% of the global population
-drinks safe water, access ranges widely from 96% in Europe and North America to just 54% in Sub-Saharan
-Africa (UN-Water, 2021; WHO and UNICEF, 2021). Poor
-countries house the majority of individuals who face unsafe conditions — over 50% of those who lack access to
-safe drinking water and 40% of those who lack basic sanitation services live in the least developed countries (UNWater, 2021). Water insecurity is particularly threatening
-to rural communities, who often lack improved drinking
-water and sanitation infrastructure. In urban areas, population growth has outpaced progress, meaning there are
-more people currently without at least a basic water and
-sanitation service than there were in 2000 (UNICEF,
-2020).
-
-Wealthy countries in the Global West lead the world in
-the Sanitation & Drinking Water issue category, with minimal deaths related to exposure to unsafe sanitation and
-unsafe drinking water. Several of the top-performing
-countries are in the European Union, highlighting these
-countries' continued commitment to policies that promote safely managing water and sanitation. In December
-2020, the European Union updated the Drinking Water
-Directive to confront emerging pollutants, like microplastics, and to increase information accessibility for citizens
-(European Commission, 2020).
-
-Several small island developing countries land in the middle of Sanitation & Drinking Water rankings. Nearly 70%
-of small island developing states face water scarcity,
-slowing progress to provide safe water for residents. In
-addition, climate change consequences, including sea
-level rise, variable rainfall, and increased frequency of severe weather events, are exacerbating water shortages
-(UNCTAD, 2021). Singapore, however, stands out as a
-leader among these countries. While the country experiences heavy rainfall, its small surface area prevents the
-nation from establishing water storage units and aquifers.
-Singapore has recently expanded infrastructure like rainwater catchment systems and recycling processes to
-supplement imports from Malaysia and adequately supply water (UNCTAD, 2021). Nationally set water prices
-and education programs further encourage residents not
-to waste water (UNCTAD, 2021).
-
-Despite being the largest economy in Southeast Asia, Indonesia still faces risks from unsafe sanitation practices
-and drinking water. Almost 25 million people in Indonesia
-lack access to toilets or latrines, leading to contaminated
-water supplies and the spread of diarrheal diseases
-(UNICEF, 2022). In West Java, fecal matter and heavy
-metals pollute the Citarum River, which millions of Indonesians rely on for water and food (Price and Price, 2017).
-Responding to pressure from international organizations,
-the Indonesian government has established a cleaning
-program with the intent to make the river’s water drinkable by 2025. The decentralized framework and poor
-enforcement of Indonesia’s environmental regulations,
-however, presents challenges on the road to improvement (Holzhacker et al., 2016).
-
-Many Sub-Saharan African countries receive low rankings
-in Sanitation & Drinking Water. In 2020, half of the individuals who lacked access to basic drinking water lived in
-this region (WHO and UNICEF, 2021). Geographic inequalities also exist at the sub-national level. Safe drinking
-water access ranges from upwards of 50% in urban areas to just 13% in rural areas (WHO and UNICEF, 2021). In recent years, many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have
-increased access to improved wells and springs, but access to piped water — a more reliable source — remains
-uncommon (Deshpande et al., 2020). Insufficient infrastructure, as well as a disproportionate distribution of
-water storage units, fuels these disparities. In addition,
-transboundary water laws have contributed to conflict
-over water in sub-Saharan Africa. For example, the 1959
-Nile Basin agreement established Sudan and Egypt as the
-only actors with power over the allocation of Nile resources, despite the vested interests of several other
-nearby countries (Tatlock, 2006). To ensure broader access to water resources, the region should seek
-multilateral input on how to sustainably manage the Nile.
-
-Unsafe sanitation and unsafe drinking water use the
-GBD’s Comprehensive Risk Assessment (CRA) framework
-to estimate the impacts of exposure to unsafe sanitation
-and drinking water, measured by Disability-Adjusted Life
-Years (DALYs) lost per 100,000 persons (Kyu et al., 2018).
-This provides a standard metric for comparing performance across countries. The metrics first examine the
-estimated exposure to health risks in each country. For
-these indicators, the minimum level of exposure to unsafe
-drinking water is defined as “All households have access
-to water from a piped water supply that is also boiled or
-filtered before drinking,” and for unsafe sanitation, minimum exposure means “All households have access to
-toilets with sewer connection” (Forouzanfar et al., 2016). The second step uses statistical models to estimate the
-portion of deaths and DALYs lost attributable to those
-risks.
-
-It remains difficult to track all adverse health outcomes
-from the lack of safe drinking water and sanitation. The
-GBD evaluates three key measures: diarrheal diseases, typhoid fever, and paratyphoid fever. Data on the health
-risks and outcomes from diarrheal disease are much
-stronger than the studies on typhoid and paratyphoid,
-stemming from gaps in the literature and on-the-ground
-data on the prevalence of these illnesses.
-
-Unsafe sanitation and unsafe drinking water currently
-only track adverse health outcomes from exposure to biological risks, such as bacteria. Risks of illness or death
-from chemical contaminants, like lead and pesticides, are
-not considered. Despite their exclusion here, exposure to
-chemical pollutants poses serious health concerns in
-both the developed and developing world.
-
-Water quality assessments also rest on the assumption
-that “improved” water supplies are safe, but a significant
-number of water sources that meet the definition of an
-“improved” source still do not meet WHO guidelines
-(Clasen et al., 2014). Even piped water sources and groundwater from wells (as opposed to open water) may be
-contaminated by soil pollutants or nearby latrine pits
-(Back et al., 2018). Infrastructure is not always indicative
-of health outcomes.
-
-2022 EPI Framework
-The framework organizes 40 indicators into 11 issue categories and three policy objectives,
-with weights shown at each level as a percentage of the total score.
-

SOURCE_DOCUMENTS/sanitationDrinkingWater.csv

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-country;rank;epi score;10-year change
-Finland;1;100.00;0.60
-Iceland;1;100.00;1.10
-Netherlands;1;100.00;NA
-Norway;1;100.00;0.90
-Switzerland;1;100.00;NA
-United Kingdom;1;100.00;1.00
-Malta;7;99.80;1.70
-Germany;8;99.10;0.90
-Luxembourg;9;98.70;2.20
-Sweden;10;98.60;1.80
-Italy;11;98.30;1.60
-Greece;12;98.20;0.80
-Denmark;13;97.50;2.50
-Ireland;14;97.40;1.90
-Spain;15;96.90;1.10
-France;16;96.30;4.80
-Japan;17;95.10;1.00
-Austria;18;94.70;1.00
-Cyprus;19;94.00;1.60
-Belgium;20;93.60;3.80
-Singapore;21;93.30;0.70
-Israel;22;92.90;2.20
-South Korea;23;90.80;2.40
-Canada;24;88.10;2.90
-Australia;25;87.10;1.70
-United States of America;26;86.10;2.30
-Brunei Darussalam;27;85.70;1.60
-Portugal;28;83.50;3.00
-New Zealand;29;80.40;2.00
-Czech Republic;30;76.50;0.40
-Slovenia;31;74.70;0.60
-Taiwan;32;72.40;2.30
-Slovakia;33;71.90;2.20
-Poland;34;71.80;2.50
-Uruguay;35;70.80;5.90
-Croatia;36;70.30;2.20
-Bulgaria;37;68.40;3.30
-Chile;38;68.10;3.60
-Kuwait;39;67.50;2.70
-United Arab Emirates;40;67.20;1.90
-Qatar;41;66.60;3.30
-Costa Rica;42;66.20;4.10
-Montenegro;43;65.60;3.40
-Serbia;43;65.60;3.30
-Mauritius;45;65.50;3.90
-Argentina;46;64.80;4.40
-Jordan;47;62.70;8.40
-Hungary;48;62.20;0.70
-Estonia;49;61.90;1.30
-Bosnia and Herzegovina;50;61.50;3.90
-North Macedonia;51;61.10;2.90
-Belarus;52;60.50;1.70
-Lebanon;53;59.80;5.90
-China;54;59.50;6.00
-Saudi Arabia;55;59.30;6.80
-Latvia;56;59.10;1.50
-Lithuania;57;58.40;1.20
-Oman;58;58.30;3.70
-Malaysia;59;57.60;2.70
-Armenia;60;57.30;1.50
-Bahrain;61;56.60;2.50
-Romania;62;56.00;3.30
-Colombia;63;55.90;6.80
-Thailand;63;55.90;5.20
-Russia;65;55.50;1.30
-Kazakhstan;66;55.20;4.20
-Ukraine;66;55.20;-0.50
-Bahamas;68;55.00;0.70
-Albania;69;54.10;2.80
-Iran;70;53.70;4.40
-Trinidad and Tobago;71;53.40;1.80
-Algeria;72;53.30;3.90
-Mexico;73;52.90;4.90
-Viet Nam;74;52.80;4.40
-Turkey;75;52.70;4.50
-Tunisia;76;52.60;1.70
-Uzbekistan;77;52.10;2.10
-Barbados;78;52.00;0.20
-Georgia;79;51.70;2.30
-Seychelles;80;51.50;3.00
-Ecuador;81;50.30;7.10
-Antigua and Barbuda;82;50.10;1.10
-Moldova;83;50.00;1.80
-Cuba;84;49.70;1.60
-Iraq;84;49.70;12.10
-Jamaica;86;49.40;0.30
-Samoa;87;49.30;1.60
-Sri Lanka;88;48.50;5.20
-Maldives;89;47.80;4.00
-Dominica;90;47.60;0.90
-Paraguay;90;47.60;5.70
-Turkmenistan;92;47.40;9.10
-Grenada;93;47.10;1.00
-Venezuela;94;46.80;2.60
-Tonga;95;46.50;1.00
-Brazil;96;46.20;8.50
-Azerbaijan;97;45.60;2.40
-Kyrgyzstan;97;45.60;5.60
-Saint Lucia;99;45.40;0.80
-Panama;100;43.60;7.10
-Saint Vincent and the Grenadines;100;43.60;1.80
-Mongolia;102;43.20;3.60
-Peru;103;43.10;2.20
-Nicaragua;104;42.90;7.60
-Belize;105;42.70;2.80
-El Salvador;106;41.70;4.10
-Morocco;107;40.90;10.00
-Bolivia;108;40.10;6.50
-Suriname;109;39.40;3.70
-Dominican Republic;110;39.00;3.50
-Philippines;110;39.00;8.00
-Egypt;112;36.70;9.30
-Cabo Verde;113;35.60;4.90
-Micronesia;114;35.50;2.30
-Guyana;115;35.30;6.00
-Sao Tome and Principe;115;35.30;12.00
-Fiji;117;34.70;3.40
-Cambodia;118;34.30;8.30
-Equatorial Guinea;119;33.20;10.50
-Marshall Islands;120;32.30;5.20
-Honduras;121;31.80;6.40
-Bhutan;122;31.20;5.60
-Myanmar;123;30.90;10.50
-Tajikistan;123;30.90;6.70
-Indonesia;125;28.50;7.70
-Guatemala;126;28.30;8.00
-Afghanistan;127;28.10;8.30
-Gabon;128;27.70;9.80
-Bangladesh;129;27.40;5.70
-Nepal;130;27.10;8.90
-Laos;131;26.60;9.90
-Timor-Leste;132;26.00;4.40
-South Africa;133;24.70;7.80
-Sudan;134;22.40;11.10
-Vanuatu;135;21.50;3.30
-Botswana;136;20.90;6.50
-Ghana;136;20.90;4.30
-Namibia;138;19.70;5.60
-India;139;19.50;9.60
-Gambia;140;19.20;5.70
-Tanzania;141;18.50;5.80
-Djibouti;142;18.30;5.10
-Uganda;143;17.60;3.40
-Pakistan;144;17.50;5.70
-Cote d'Ivoire;145;17.30;6.10
-Rwanda;146;16.90;6.90
-Zimbabwe;146;16.90;8.50
-Mozambique;148;16.40;6.40
-Kiribati;149;16.30;4.20
-Papua New Guinea;150;15.60;4.00
-Comoros;151;15.20;5.60
-Republic of Congo;152;14.60;10.10
-Haiti;153;14.10;3.30
-Solomon Islands;153;14.10;4.80
-Kenya;155;13.70;6.80
-Dem. Rep. Congo;156;13.60;10.30
-Mauritania;156;13.60;8.50
-Benin;158;13.50;4.60
-Zambia;158;13.50;7.60
-Senegal;160;13.10;4.30
-Angola;161;12.80;9.50
-Eswatini;162;12.60;6.10
-Malawi;163;12.10;5.30
-Sierra Leone;164;11.60;4.40
-Guinea;165;11.30;5.10
-Ethiopia;166;11.00;5.80
-Liberia;167;9.90;7.50
-Mali;168;8.30;5.60
-Burkina Faso;169;7.80;3.70
-Cameroon;169;7.80;6.50
-Lesotho;171;7.30;4.10
-Guinea-Bissau;172;6.80;6.80
-Eritrea;173;6.40;4.60
-Madagascar;174;6.00;5.10
-Burundi;175;5.40;2.90
-Togo;176;5.20;5.20
-Nigeria;177;5.00;5.00
-Niger;178;1.50;1.50
-Central African Republic;179;NA;NA
-Chad;179;NA;NA