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| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| <p class="c33"><span class="c3 c11">BigScience Ethical Charter</span></p> | |
| <p class="c7"><span class="c19 c3 c11"> </span></p> | |
| <p class="c33"><span class="c3 c11">Download as <a | |
| href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/bigscience/ethical-charter/raw/main/charter.txt" download> .txt </a>, | |
| <a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/bigscience/ethical-charter/raw/main/charter.docx" download> .docx </a>, | |
| or <a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/bigscience/ethical-charter/raw/main/charter.html" download> | |
| .html</a></span></p> | |
| <p class="c7"><span class="c19 c3 c11"> </span></p> | |
| <h1 class="c0" id="h.mnplm636u8gt"><span class="c25">Preamble</span></h1> | |
| <h3 class="c12" id="h.eglagoxtungb"><span>Introduction</span></h3> | |
| <p class="c7"><span class="c8 c3">The development and applications of research in NLP are advancing rapidly, with | |
| direct real-world consequences. As a result, possible societal benefits exist, but related risks also | |
| increase considerably. Aware of these potential challenges, BigScience drafted an ethical charter | |
| formalizing its core values and how they are articulated. </span></p> | |
| <h3 class="c12" id="h.pizdhwq4mm3n"><span class="c2">Scope</span></h3> | |
| <p class="c7"><span class="c8 c3">The scope of this ethical charter is threefold:</span></p> | |
| <p class="c6"><span class="c3">1.</span><span class="c29"> </span><span class="c8 c3">To establish the | |
| core values of BigScience in order to allow its contributors to commit to them, both individually and | |
| collectively.</span></p> | |
| <p class="c6"><span class="c3">2.</span><span class="c29"> </span><span class="c8 c3">To serve as a | |
| pivot for drafting BigScience documents intended to frame specific issues ethically and legally.</span></p> | |
| <p class="c6"><span class="c3">3.</span><span class="c29"> </span><span class="c3">To enable Big | |
| Science to promote values within the research community through scientific publication, dissemination, and | |
| popularization. </span></p> | |
| <h3 class="c12" id="h.4dmemwedxldk"><span class="c2">People concerned</span></h3> | |
| <p class="c7"><span class="c3">The </span><span class="c3">members</span><span class="c3"> of BigScience hold | |
| the values stated in this ethical charter. </span><span class="c3">As ethical guidelines, they </span><span | |
| class="c3">apply</span><span class="c3"> to any activities and </span><span class="c3">documents | |
| </span><span class="c3">governing a specific aspect of the project.</span></p> | |
| <h3 class="c12" id="h.5nzsvwkd3vlg"><span>Limitations</span><span class="c2"> of this ethical charter</span> | |
| </h3> | |
| <p class="c7"><span class="c3">Given the breadth of the scope of BigScience and thriving</span><span | |
| class="c3"> to seek</span><span class="c3"> </span><span class="c3">progress in NLP | |
| research,</span><span class="c3"> we recognize that not all scientific research will have a positive | |
| impact on society.</span><span class="c3"> It is difficult to predict all the uses the scientific | |
| community will make of our artifacts. Therefore, we defer to our </span><span class="c3">license</span><span | |
| class="c3"> and </span><span class="c3">model card</span><span class="c8 c3"> for further | |
| information.</span></p> | |
| <h3 class="c12" id="h.588ssoa0kuzk"><span>Relevance over time</span></h3> | |
| <p class="c7"><span class="c3">We interpret ethics as an ongoing process, not a time-fixed code with universal | |
| validity. For these reasons, when needed, BigScience will review, update and adapt the ethical charter from | |
| time to time.</span></p> | |
| <h3 class="c12" id="h.hageuekn1vrz"><span class="c2">Legitimacy </span></h3> | |
| <p class="c7"><span class="c3">The elaboration of this ethical charter results from</span><span class="c3"> a | |
| </span><span class="c3">bottom-up collaboration</span><span class="c3"> that tried to collect </span><span | |
| class="c3">all the different thoughts and opinions of BigScience participants</span><span class="c3">. Then, | |
| experts in applied ethics and law did a final revision.</span><span class="c3"> </span><span | |
| class="c3">We aim for consensus: if any BigScience member individually does not feel aligned with one or | |
| more of the values inscribed in this ethical charter, the member will have the right to object at | |
| appropriate times and places to that end.</span></p> | |
| <h3 class="c12" id="h.jdhmndrb7h6c"><span class="c2">Ethical approach</span></h3> | |
| <p class="c7"><span class="c3">We assume the basis of value pluralism within our community</span><span class="c3">, | |
| and we cherish it. That is why the ethical notion of harmony (</span><span | |
| class="c3 c31">和</span><span class="c3">) in Confucian moral theory seemed to be the appropriate | |
| approach for such an international and interdisciplinary scientific community as BigScience. </span><span | |
| class="c3">“Harmony is by its very nature relational. It presupposes the coexistence of multiple | |
| parties; […] harmony is always contextual; epistemologically it calls for a holistic | |
| approach</span><sup class="c3"><a href="#ftnt1" id="ftnt_ref1">[1]</a></sup><span class="c3">.”</span> | |
| </p> | |
| <h3 class="c12" id="h.nqsxmohx8aod"><span class="c2">Ethical compliance </span></h3> | |
| <p class="c13"><span class="c8 c3">We distinguish two levels of ethical compliance operating within the charter: | |
| individual and collective. We are held accountable for ethical compliance both as individual BigScience | |
| contributors and as a collective research entity.</span></p> | |
| <h3 class="c12" id="h.r7f3yy3mgo"><span>Other documents articulation </span></h3> | |
| <p class="c13"><span class="c3">Given the pivotal function of this ethical charter, we will refer to the other | |
| BigScience documents intended to govern specific issues directly where needed in the relevant | |
| paragraph.</span></p> | |
| <h1 class="c0" id="h.d9g8zvq49mv9"><span class="c28">BigScience Values</span></h1> | |
| <p class="c7"><span class="c19 c3 c11"> </span></p> | |
| <p class="c13"><span class="c3">We apply the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic values in the structure of | |
| this ethical charter. The former refers to “what is valuable for its own sake, in itself […], | |
| as an end</span><sup class="c3"><a href="#ftnt2" id="ftnt_ref2">[2]</a></sup><span class="c3">”; the | |
| latter is characterized as “what is valuable as a means, or for something else’s</span><span | |
| class="c3"> work</span><sup class="c3"><a href="#ftnt3" id="ftnt_ref3">[3]</a></sup><span | |
| class="c3">”.</span><span class="c3"> We distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic values | |
| because the latter can vary more efficiently to achieve the former goals: the latter are | |
| substitutable.</span><span class="c3"> This structure will help the reader understand how the two types | |
| of values combine and allow the BigScience community to adapt this ethical charter over time.</span></p> | |
| <h2 class="c34" id="h.teezgnjstrxu"><span class="c11">Intrinsic </span><span class="c19 c11 c35">Values</span></h2> | |
| <p class="c7"><span class="c19 c3 c11"> </span></p> | |
| <ul class="c5 lst-kix_saxtsynfme9l-0 start"> | |
| <li class="c16 li-bullet-0"> | |
| <h3 id="h.y5i55sfilv44" style="display:inline"><span>Inclusivity</span></h3> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="c10"><span class="c3">We work to </span><span class="c3">ensure</span><span class="c3"> welcomeness | |
| in the process and</span><span class="c3"> </span><span class="c3">equal access </span><span | |
| class="c3">to the BigScience </span><span class="c3">artifacts without any form of discrimination (e.g., | |
| religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, political orientation, age, ability)</span><span | |
| class="c8 c3">. We believe that “inclusivity” is not just non-discrimination, but also a sense | |
| of belonging.</span></p> | |
| <ul class="c5 lst-kix_vlap48folxv9-0 start"> | |
| <li class="c16 li-bullet-0"> | |
| <h3 id="h.3da1o38cx1dx" style="display:inline"><span class="c2">Diversity</span></h3> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="c10"><span class="c3 c18">The BigScience community has over 900 researchers and communities (see some | |
| listed collaborations </span><span class="c3 c21"><a class="c36" | |
| href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://bigscience.huggingface.co/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1654682562820720&usg=AOvVaw2KN5nL3uCS1rJIGnFLuhIl">here</a></span><span | |
| class="c18 c3">) from 50 countries covering over 20 languages. The collaborators bring together their | |
| expertise from various sources of knowledge, scientific fields, and institutional contexts (academia, | |
| industry, research institutions, etc). </span></p> | |
| <ul class="c5 lst-kix_vlap48folxv9-0"> | |
| <li class="c16 li-bullet-0"> | |
| <h3 id="h.464lv4a884f6" style="display:inline"><span>Reproducibility</span><span> </span></h3> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="c1"><span class="c3">The BigScience project was born with the clear intention of being a research | |
| initiative devoted to open science. BigScience aims at ensuring the reproduction of the research experiments | |
| and scientific conclusions developed under its aegis. </span></p> | |
| <ul class="c5 lst-kix_7in68494ivvh-0 start"> | |
| <li class="c15 li-bullet-0"> | |
| <h3 id="h.gjf69xuzoli2" style="display:inline"><span class="c2">Openness</span></h3> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="c7 c27"><span class="c3 c8">Openness takes two dimensions, one focused on the process, and the other | |
| focused on its result. BigScience aims to be an open science framework whereby NLP, and broadly, AI-related | |
| researchers from all over the world can contribute and join the initiative. </span></p> | |
| <p class="c1"><span class="c3">With regards to the results of our research, such as the future Large Language Model, | |
| these are created by the research community to the research community, and therefore </span><span | |
| class="c3">will be released on an open basis, taking into account the risks derived from the use of the | |
| model. </span></p> | |
| <ul class="c5 lst-kix_eqv427wdtrjt-0 start"> | |
| <li class="c16 li-bullet-0"> | |
| <h3 id="h.n94944u03slc" style="display:inline"><span>Responsibility</span></h3> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="c10"><span class="c3">Each contributor has both an individual and a collective </span><span | |
| class="c3">responsibility</span><span class="c3"> for their work within the BigScience project. This | |
| responsibility is both social and environmental. BigScience intends to positively impact stakeholders | |
| through </span><span class="c3">its artifacts </span><span class="c3">regarding the former. Concerning the | |
| latter, BigScience is committed to developing tools to </span><span class="c3">monitor </span><span | |
| class="c3">and lower its artifacts’</span><span class="c3"> carbon footprint and energy | |
| consumption</span><span class="c8 c3">.</span></p> | |
| <p class="c1"><span class="c8 c3">Moreover, other tools such as an open legal playbook for NLP researchers guiding | |
| them regarding the use and respect of IP and privacy rights also seek to promote responsibility around the | |
| scientific community.</span></p> | |
| <h2 class="c34" id="h.xe5i1mwl94go"><span class="c11">Extrinsic Values</span></h2> | |
| <ul class="c5 lst-kix_auv7fgu45kz1-0 start"> | |
| <li class="c16 li-bullet-0"> | |
| <h3 id="h.jkbydh8nj24f" style="display:inline"><span>Accessibility</span></h3> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="c13 c14"><span class="c8 c3">As a means to achieve openness</span></p> | |
| <p class="c9"><span class="c8 c3"></span></p> | |
| <p class="c1"><span class="c3">BigScience puts in its best efforts to make our research and technological outputs | |
| easily interpretable and explained to the wider public, outside the scientific community, </span><span | |
| class="c3">especially to communities that have participated in data sharing.</span></p> | |
| <p class="c9"><span class="c8 c3"></span></p> | |
| <p class="c13 c14"><span class="c8 c3">Currently instrumentalized in:</span></p> | |
| <ul class="c5 lst-kix_3bc73ymeow4m-0 start"> | |
| <li class="c13 c17 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8 c3">no-code tools for exploring the catalog, trained models, | |
| etc.</span></li> | |
| <li class="c13 c17 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8 c3">translating our calls for participation (in the data | |
| sourcing group)</span></li> | |
| <li class="c13 c17 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8 c3">journalism (articles published on the project)</span></li> | |
| <li class="c13 c17 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">linked to multidisciplinarity - legal hackathon as a step | |
| toward “non-technical” presentation<br></span></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <ul class="c5 lst-kix_auv7fgu45kz1-0"> | |
| <li class="c16 li-bullet-0"> | |
| <h3 id="h.iab1jivzsbv5" style="display:inline"><span class="c2">Transparency</span></h3> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="c13 c14"><span class="c8 c3">As a means to achieve reproducibility</span></p> | |
| <p class="c9"><span class="c8 c3"></span></p> | |
| <p class="c1"><span class="c8 c3">BigScience work is actively promoted at various conferences, webinars, academic | |
| research, and scientific popularization so others can see our work.</span></p> | |
| <p class="c1"><span class="c3">We have set up a management framework to oversee the use of BigScience </span><span | |
| class="c3">models, datasets, and tools, e.g. through working groups.</span><span class="c8 c3"> </span> | |
| </p> | |
| <p class="c10"><span class="c8 c3">All BigScience internal meetings and work progress are publicly shared within the | |
| Community, e.g. through public episodes. </span></p> | |
| <p class="c1"><span class="c3">We are committed to building</span><span class="c3"> tools to interpret, | |
| monitor, explain, and make </span><span class="c3">intelligible the artifacts</span><span | |
| class="c3"> developed by BigScience.</span></p> | |
| <ul class="c5 lst-kix_avrqhju2znks-0 start"> | |
| <li class="c15 li-bullet-0"> | |
| <h3 id="h.feoi899gyw4t" style="display:inline"><span>Interdisciplinarity</span></h3> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="c1"><span class="c8 c3">As a means to achieve inclusivity</span></p> | |
| <p class="c1 c23"><span class="c8 c3"></span></p> | |
| <p class="c7 c27"><span class="c3">We are constantly </span><span class="c3">building bridges </span><span | |
| class="c3">among</span><span class="c3"> computer science, linguistics, law, sociology, </span><span | |
| class="c3">philosophy</span><span class="c3">, and other relevant disciplines</span><span | |
| class="c3"> </span><span class="c8 c3">in order to adopt a holistic approach in developing BigScience | |
| artifacts.</span></p> | |
| <ul class="c5 lst-kix_doyw8ul3oc0a-0 start"> | |
| <li class="c16 li-bullet-0"> | |
| <h3 id="h.3v9u97v5vv6z" style="display:inline"><span>Multilingualism</span></h3> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="c13 c14"><span class="c8 c3">As a means to achieve diversity</span></p> | |
| <p class="c9"><span class="c8 c3"></span></p> | |
| <p class="c1"><span class="c8 c3">By having a system that is multilingual from its conception, with the immediate | |
| goal of covering the 20 most spoken languages in the world and a broad reach to include up to hundreds based | |
| on collaborations with native speakers, we aim to reduce existing disparities in language and foster a more | |
| equitable distribution of the benefits of our artifacts.</span></p> | |
| <p class="c10 c23"><span class="c8 c3"></span></p> | |
| <p class="c32 c23"><span class="c8 c26"></span></p> | |
| <p class="c23 c32"><span class="c8 c26"></span></p> | |
| <div> | |
| <p class="c32 c23"><span class="c8 c26"></span></p> | |
| </div> | |
| <hr class="c30"> | |
| <div> | |
| <p class="c4"><a href="#ftnt_ref1" id="ftnt1">[1]</a><span class="c24"> Chenyang Li, “The Confucian | |
| Ideal of Harmony”, in </span><span class="c24 c11">Philosophy East and West</span><span | |
| class="c8 c24">, vol. 56, no. 4, 2006, p. 589.</span></p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div> | |
| <p class="c4"><a href="#ftnt_ref2" id="ftnt2">[2]</a><span class="c24"> Chris Heathwood, “Monism and | |
| pluralism about value”, in </span><span class="c24 c11">The Oxford Handbook of Value | |
| Theory</span><span class="c8 c24">, Iwao Hires and Jonas Olson (ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, | |
| 2015, p. 29.</span></p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div> | |
| <p class="c4"><a href="#ftnt_ref3" id="ftnt3">[3]</a><span class="c8 c24"> Ibid.</span></p> | |
| </div> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> |