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| from wordcloud import WordCloud, get_single_color_func | |
| from stop_words import get_stop_words | |
| import numpy as np | |
| from PIL import Image | |
| import matplotlib.pyplot as plt | |
| from collections import Counter | |
| import gradio as gr | |
| def create_wc(text, lang, custom_sw, input_img, color_rgb): | |
| STOPWORDS = set(get_stop_words(lang)) | |
| STOPWORDS.update(custom_sw.replace(" ", "").split(",")) | |
| mask = np.array(input_img) | |
| wordcloud = WordCloud(background_color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)", mode="RGBA",mask=mask, width=1000, height=1500, stopwords=STOPWORDS).generate(text.lower()) | |
| # wordcloud.recolor(colormap=colormap) | |
| wordcloud.recolor(color_func=get_single_color_func(f'rgb({color_rgb})')) | |
| return wordcloud | |
| text_example = """ | |
| How do you think life originated on | |
| earth and what insights does that give us about life | |
| if we go back to the origin of earth and | |
| you think about maybe 4.7 4.6 4.5 billion years ago planet was quite hot | |
| there was a limited number of minerals there was some carbon some water and i | |
| think that maybe it's a really simple set of chemistry that we we really don't understand | |
| so that means you've got a finite number of elements that are going to react very simply with one another | |
| and out of that mess comes a cell so literally sand turns into cells and it seems to happen quick | |
| so what i think i can say with some degree of i think not certainty but curiosity | |
| genuine curiosity is that life happened fast yeah so when we say fast | |
| this is a pretty surprising fact and maybe you can actually correct me and elaborate but it seems like most | |
| like 70 or 80 percent of the time that earth has been around there's been life on it like some very significant | |
| percentage so when you say fast like the slow part is from single cell | |
| or from bacteria to some more complicated organism it seems like most of the time that earth has been around | |
| it's been single cell or like very basic organisms like a couple billion years but yeah you're | |
| right that that's really i recently kind of revisited our history and saw this | |
| and i was just looking at the timeline wait a minute like how did life just spring | |
| up so quickly like really quickly that makes me think that it really wanted to like | |
| put another way it's very easy for life to spring yeah i agree i think it's much | |
| more inevitable and i think um i try to kind of not provoke but try and push | |
| chemists to think about because chemists are part are central to this problem right of understanding the origin of life on | |
| earth at least because we're made of made of chemistry but i wonder if the origin of life | |
| on a planet or so the emergence of life on the planet is as common as the formation of a star | |
| and if you start framing it in that way it allows you to then look at the universe slightly differently because | |
| um and we can get into this i think in quite some detail but i think i to to come back to your question i have | |
| little idea of how life got started but i know it was simple and i know that the process of selection | |
| had to occur before the biology was established so that selection | |
| built the framework from which life kind of grew in complexity and | |
| capability and functionality and autonomy and i think these are all really important words that we can | |
| unpack over the next while can you say all the words again so he says selection | |
| so natural selection eight the original a b testing and so and then complexity | |
| and then or the degree of autonomy and sophistication because i think that people misunderstand what life is um | |
| some people say that life is a cell and some people that say that life is a a virus or life is a you know an on off | |
| switch i don't think it's that life is the universe developing a memory | |
| and the laws of physics and the way well there are no laws of physics physics is just memory free stuff | |
| right there's only a finite number of ways you can arrange the fundamental particles to | |
| do the things life is the universe developing | |
| a memory so it's like sewing a piece of art slowly | |
| and then you can look back at it so | |
| so there's a stickiness to life it's like universe doing stuff and when you say memory it's like | |
| there's a stickiness to a bunch of the stuff that's building together yeah so like you can in a stable way like uh | |
| trace back the complexity and that tells a coherent story yeah and | |
| i think yeah okay that's by the way very poetic and beautiful | |
| life is the universe developing a memory [Music] okay and then there's autonomy you said | |
| complexity we'll talk about but it's a really interesting idea that selection preceded biology | |
| yeah i think yes so what first of all what is chemistry like does sand still count as chemistry | |
| sure i mean as a chemist they can't carry a chemist if i'm allowed a card i don't know i don't know what i am most | |
| days what is the card made of what's the chemical composition of the card | |
| yeah so um what is chemistry well chemistry is the thing that happens when you bring electrons together and you form bonds | |
| so bonds well i say to people when they talk about life elsewhere and i just say well there's bonds | |
| there's hope because bonds allow you to get heterogeneity they allow you to record those memories or at least on | |
| earth um you could imagine uh you know a stannis left lemtrey world | |
| where you might have life emerging or intelligence emerging before life that may be something to on like solaris or | |
| something but you know to get to selection if you can form if atoms can | |
| combine and form bonds those bonds uh those atoms can bond to different elements and those and those | |
| molecules will have different identities and interact with each other differently and then you can start to have some degree | |
| of causation or interaction and then selection and then put and then existence | |
| and then you you you go you go up the kind of the path of complexity and so at | |
| least on earth as we know it there are there is a sufficient pool of available chemicals to start create | |
| searching that combinatorial space of bonds so okay this is a really interesting | |
| question let's let's lay it out so bonds almost like cards we say there's bonds | |
| there is uh life there's intelligence there's consciousness and what you just made me | |
| realize is um | |
| those can emerge or let's put bonds aside uh those can emerge in any order | |
| that's that's really brilliant so intelligence can come before life it's | |
| like pan psychists believe that consciousness com i guess comes before | |
| life and before intelligence so consciousness like permeates all matter it's some kind of fabric of | |
| reality okay so like within this framework you can kind of arrange everything but you need to have the | |
| bonds um that's precedes everything else oh and the other thing is selection | |
| so like the mechanism of selection that could uh proceed see couldn't that proceed | |
| bonds to whatever the house election so i would say that there is an elegant order to it that bonds | |
| allow selection allows the emergence of life allows the emergence of multicellularity and then | |
| more information processing building state machines all the way up however you could imagine a situation if you had | |
| um i don't know a neutron star or a sun or a ferromagnetic loops interacting with one another | |
| and these oscillators building state machines and these state machines reading something out in the environment | |
| over time these state machines would be able to literally record what happened in the past and sense what's going on in the | |
| present and imagine the future however i don't think it's ever going to be with | |
| within a human comprehension that type of life um i wouldn't count it out because um | |
| you know whenever you i know in science whenever i say something's impossible i then wake up the next day and say no that's actually wrong i mean there are | |
| there are some limits of course um i don't see myself traveling fast and light any time soon but eric weinstein | |
| says that's possible so he will say europe sure but i'm an experimentalist as well so one of my i have two super | |
| powers and my stupidity and i don't mean that is a you know i'm like absolutely completely | |
| witless but i mean my ability to kind of just start again and ask the question and then do it with an experiment i | |
| always wanted to be a theoretician growing up but i just didn't have the just didn't have the intellectual capability but i i was able to think of | |
| experiments in my head i could then do in my lab or in that you know when i was a with a child | |
| outside and then those experiments in my head and then outside reinforce one another so i think that's a very good | |
| way of kind of grounding the science right well that's the nice way to think about theoreticians is they're just | |
| people who run experiments in their head i mean that's exactly what einstein did right and but you were also capable of | |
| doing that in the head in your head inside your head and in the real world and the connection between the two | |
| is when you first discovered your superpower stupidity i like it okay what's your second superpower oh your accent or | |
| it's that well i don't know i'm my i like i am genuinely curious so my curious so i have a you know like | |
| everybody ego problems but my curiosity is bigger than my ego so as long as that happens i i can i can that's awesome | |
| that is so powerful you're just dropping some powerful lines so curiosity is bigger than ego that's something i | |
| have to think about because you always struggle about the role of ego in life and um | |
| that's that's so nice to think about don't think about the size of ego the absolute size of ego think about the | |
| relative size of ego to the other the other horses pulling at you and if the | |
| curiosity one is bigger then uh ego will do just fine and make you uh fun to talk | |
| to anyway so those are the two superpowers how do those connect to natural selection or in selection and | |
| bonds and i forgot already life and consciousness so that we're going back to selection in | |
| the universe and origin of life on earth i mean um selection has a for i'm | |
| convinced that selection is a force in the universe not me not a fundamental force but a but a directing but it is a | |
| directing force because existence although um existence appears to be the default | |
| um the existence of what why does um we can get to this later i think but | |
| it's amazing that the discreet things exist and you know you see this cup it's not | |
| the you know sexiest cup in the world but it's pretty functional this cup um | |
| the complexity of this cup isn't just in the object it is literally the lineage of people making cups and recognizing | |
| that seeing that in their head making an abstraction of a cup and then making a different one so | |
| i wonder how many billions of cups have you know come before this one and | |
| that's the process of selection and existence and the only reason the cup is still used is quite useful i like the handle you know it's convenient so i | |
| don't die i keep hydration um and so i think we are missing something fundamental in the universe about | |
| selection and i think what biology is is a is a selection amplifier | |
| and that the this is where autonomy comes in and actually i think that how humanity is going to humans and | |
| and autonomous robots or whatever we're going to call them in the future we'll we'll supercharge that even further so | |
| selection is happening in the universe but if you look in the asteroid belt selection if objects are being kicked in | |
| and out the asteroid belt um those trajectories are quite complex you don't really look at that as productive | |
| selection because it's not doing anything to improve its function but is it the asteroid belt has existed for some time | |
| """ | |
| iface = gr.Interface(create_wc, | |
| ["text", gr.inputs.Dropdown(["en", "es"]) ,"text", "image", "text"], | |
| "pil", | |
| examples = [[text_example, "en", "um, i, i'm, we're, like, really, no, say, yeah, just, think, can", "roundrectangle.png", "128,0,0"]], | |
| title="Visual Cluster Word Cloud Builder", | |
| description="Create a word cluster visualization from a body or corpus of text. Word frequency makes the word size larger, and the image supplied can act as a mask to shape the visualization how you like. The custom stop word field allows you to enter a comma separated list of words you would like to exclude from the visualization.") | |
| iface.launch() | |