files

.env

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+PERSIST_DIRECTORY=db
+MODEL_TYPE=GPT4All
+MODEL_PATH=ggml-gpt4all-j-v1.3-groovy.bin
+EMBEDDINGS_MODEL_NAME=all-MiniLM-L6-v2
+MODEL_N_CTX=1000

app.py

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import os
+import glob
+from typing import List
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from multiprocessing import Pool
+from tqdm import tqdm
+
+from langchain.document_loaders import (
+    CSVLoader,
+    EverNoteLoader,
+    PDFMinerLoader,
+    TextLoader,
+    UnstructuredEmailLoader,
+    UnstructuredEPubLoader,
+    UnstructuredHTMLLoader,
+    UnstructuredMarkdownLoader,
+    UnstructuredODTLoader,
+    UnstructuredPowerPointLoader,
+    UnstructuredWordDocumentLoader,
+)
+
+from langchain.text_splitter import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
+from langchain.vectorstores import Chroma
+from langchain.embeddings import HuggingFaceEmbeddings
+from langchain.docstore.document import Document
+from constants import CHROMA_SETTINGS
+
+
+load_dotenv()
+
+
+# Load environment variables
+persist_directory = os.environ.get('PERSIST_DIRECTORY')
+source_directory = os.environ.get('SOURCE_DIRECTORY', 'source_documents')
+embeddings_model_name = os.environ.get('EMBEDDINGS_MODEL_NAME')
+chunk_size = 500
+chunk_overlap = 50
+
+
+# Custom document loaders
+class MyElmLoader(UnstructuredEmailLoader):
+    """Wrapper to fallback to text/plain when default does not work"""
+
+    def load(self) -> List[Document]:
+        """Wrapper adding fallback for elm without html"""
+        try:
+            try:
+                doc = UnstructuredEmailLoader.load(self)
+            except ValueError as e:
+                if 'text/html content not found in email' in str(e):
+                    # Try plain text
+                    self.unstructured_kwargs["content_source"]="text/plain"
+                    doc = UnstructuredEmailLoader.load(self)
+                else:
+                    raise
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Add file_path to exception message
+            raise type(e)(f"{self.file_path}: {e}") from e
+
+        return doc
+
+
+# Map file extensions to document loaders and their arguments
+LOADER_MAPPING = {
+    ".csv": (CSVLoader, {}),
+    # ".docx": (Docx2txtLoader, {}),
+    ".doc": (UnstructuredWordDocumentLoader, {}),
+    ".docx": (UnstructuredWordDocumentLoader, {}),
+    ".enex": (EverNoteLoader, {}),
+    ".eml": (MyElmLoader, {}),
+    ".epub": (UnstructuredEPubLoader, {}),
+    ".html": (UnstructuredHTMLLoader, {}),
+    ".md": (UnstructuredMarkdownLoader, {}),
+    ".odt": (UnstructuredODTLoader, {}),
+    ".pdf": (PDFMinerLoader, {}),
+    ".ppt": (UnstructuredPowerPointLoader, {}),
+    ".pptx": (UnstructuredPowerPointLoader, {}),
+    ".txt": (TextLoader, {"encoding": "utf8"}),
+    # Add more mappings for other file extensions and loaders as needed
+}
+
+
+def load_single_document(file_path: str) -> Document:
+    ext = "." + file_path.rsplit(".", 1)[-1]
+    if ext in LOADER_MAPPING:
+        loader_class, loader_args = LOADER_MAPPING[ext]
+        loader = loader_class(file_path, **loader_args)
+        return loader.load()[0]
+
+    raise ValueError(f"Unsupported file extension '{ext}'")
+
+
+def load_documents(source_dir: str, ignored_files: List[str] = []) -> List[Document]:
+    """
+    Loads all documents from the source documents directory, ignoring specified files
+    """
+    all_files = []
+    for ext in LOADER_MAPPING:
+        all_files.extend(
+            glob.glob(os.path.join(source_dir, f"**/*{ext}"), recursive=True)
+        )
+    filtered_files = [file_path for file_path in all_files if file_path not in ignored_files]
+
+    with Pool(processes=os.cpu_count()) as pool:
+        results = []
+        with tqdm(total=len(filtered_files), desc='Loading new documents', ncols=80) as pbar:
+            for i, doc in enumerate(pool.imap_unordered(load_single_document, filtered_files)):
+                results.append(doc)
+                pbar.update()
+
+    return results
+
+def process_documents(ignored_files: List[str] = []) -> List[Document]:
+    """
+    Load documents and split in chunks
+    """
+    print(f"Loading documents from {source_directory}")
+    documents = load_documents(source_directory, ignored_files)
+    if not documents:
+        print("No new documents to load")
+        exit(0)
+    print(f"Loaded {len(documents)} new documents from {source_directory}")
+    text_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=chunk_size, chunk_overlap=chunk_overlap)
+    texts = text_splitter.split_documents(documents)
+    print(f"Split into {len(texts)} chunks of text (max. {chunk_size} tokens each)")
+    return texts
+
+def does_vectorstore_exist(persist_directory: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Checks if vectorstore exists
+    """
+    if os.path.exists(os.path.join(persist_directory, 'index')):
+        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(persist_directory, 'chroma-collections.parquet')) and os.path.exists(os.path.join(persist_directory, 'chroma-embeddings.parquet')):
+            list_index_files = glob.glob(os.path.join(persist_directory, 'index/*.bin'))
+            list_index_files += glob.glob(os.path.join(persist_directory, 'index/*.pkl'))
+            # At least 3 documents are needed in a working vectorstore
+            if len(list_index_files) > 3:
+                return True
+    return False
+
+def main():
+    # Create embeddings
+    embeddings = HuggingFaceEmbeddings(model_name=embeddings_model_name)
+
+    if does_vectorstore_exist(persist_directory):
+        # Update and store locally vectorstore
+        print(f"Appending to existing vectorstore at {persist_directory}")
+        db = Chroma(persist_directory=persist_directory, embedding_function=embeddings, client_settings=CHROMA_SETTINGS)
+        collection = db.get()
+        texts = process_documents([metadata['source'] for metadata in collection['metadatas']])
+        print(f"Creating embeddings. May take some minutes...")
+        db.add_documents(texts)
+    else:
+        # Create and store locally vectorstore
+        print("Creating new vectorstore")
+        texts = process_documents()
+        print(f"Creating embeddings. May take some minutes...")
+        db = Chroma.from_documents(texts, embeddings, persist_directory=persist_directory, client_settings=CHROMA_SETTINGS)
+    db.persist()
+    db = None
+
+    print(f"Ingestion complete! You can now run privateGPT.py to query your documents")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import os
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from chromadb.config import Settings
+
+load_dotenv()
+
+# Define the folder for storing database
+PERSIST_DIRECTORY = os.environ.get('PERSIST_DIRECTORY')
+
+# Define the Chroma settings
+CHROMA_SETTINGS = Settings(
+        chroma_db_impl='duckdb+parquet',
+        persist_directory=PERSIST_DIRECTORY,
+        anonymized_telemetry=False
+)

ingest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import os
+import glob
+from typing import List
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from multiprocessing import Pool
+from tqdm import tqdm
+
+from langchain.document_loaders import (
+    CSVLoader,
+    EverNoteLoader,
+    PDFMinerLoader,
+    TextLoader,
+    UnstructuredEmailLoader,
+    UnstructuredEPubLoader,
+    UnstructuredHTMLLoader,
+    UnstructuredMarkdownLoader,
+    UnstructuredODTLoader,
+    UnstructuredPowerPointLoader,
+    UnstructuredWordDocumentLoader,
+)
+
+from langchain.text_splitter import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
+from langchain.vectorstores import Chroma
+from langchain.embeddings import HuggingFaceEmbeddings
+from langchain.docstore.document import Document
+from constants import CHROMA_SETTINGS
+
+
+load_dotenv()
+
+
+# Load environment variables
+persist_directory = os.environ.get('PERSIST_DIRECTORY')
+source_directory = os.environ.get('SOURCE_DIRECTORY', 'source_documents')
+embeddings_model_name = os.environ.get('EMBEDDINGS_MODEL_NAME')
+chunk_size = 500
+chunk_overlap = 50
+
+
+# Custom document loaders
+class MyElmLoader(UnstructuredEmailLoader):
+    """Wrapper to fallback to text/plain when default does not work"""
+
+    def load(self) -> List[Document]:
+        """Wrapper adding fallback for elm without html"""
+        try:
+            try:
+                doc = UnstructuredEmailLoader.load(self)
+            except ValueError as e:
+                if 'text/html content not found in email' in str(e):
+                    # Try plain text
+                    self.unstructured_kwargs["content_source"]="text/plain"
+                    doc = UnstructuredEmailLoader.load(self)
+                else:
+                    raise
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Add file_path to exception message
+            raise type(e)(f"{self.file_path}: {e}") from e
+
+        return doc
+
+
+# Map file extensions to document loaders and their arguments
+LOADER_MAPPING = {
+    ".csv": (CSVLoader, {}),
+    # ".docx": (Docx2txtLoader, {}),
+    ".doc": (UnstructuredWordDocumentLoader, {}),
+    ".docx": (UnstructuredWordDocumentLoader, {}),
+    ".enex": (EverNoteLoader, {}),
+    ".eml": (MyElmLoader, {}),
+    ".epub": (UnstructuredEPubLoader, {}),
+    ".html": (UnstructuredHTMLLoader, {}),
+    ".md": (UnstructuredMarkdownLoader, {}),
+    ".odt": (UnstructuredODTLoader, {}),
+    ".pdf": (PDFMinerLoader, {}),
+    ".ppt": (UnstructuredPowerPointLoader, {}),
+    ".pptx": (UnstructuredPowerPointLoader, {}),
+    ".txt": (TextLoader, {"encoding": "utf8"}),
+    # Add more mappings for other file extensions and loaders as needed
+}
+
+
+def load_single_document(file_path: str) -> Document:
+    ext = "." + file_path.rsplit(".", 1)[-1]
+    if ext in LOADER_MAPPING:
+        loader_class, loader_args = LOADER_MAPPING[ext]
+        loader = loader_class(file_path, **loader_args)
+        return loader.load()[0]
+
+    raise ValueError(f"Unsupported file extension '{ext}'")
+
+
+def load_documents(source_dir: str, ignored_files: List[str] = []) -> List[Document]:
+    """
+    Loads all documents from the source documents directory, ignoring specified files
+    """
+    all_files = []
+    for ext in LOADER_MAPPING:
+        all_files.extend(
+            glob.glob(os.path.join(source_dir, f"**/*{ext}"), recursive=True)
+        )
+    filtered_files = [file_path for file_path in all_files if file_path not in ignored_files]
+
+    with Pool(processes=os.cpu_count()) as pool:
+        results = []
+        with tqdm(total=len(filtered_files), desc='Loading new documents', ncols=80) as pbar:
+            for i, doc in enumerate(pool.imap_unordered(load_single_document, filtered_files)):
+                results.append(doc)
+                pbar.update()
+
+    return results
+
+def process_documents(ignored_files: List[str] = []) -> List[Document]:
+    """
+    Load documents and split in chunks
+    """
+    print(f"Loading documents from {source_directory}")
+    documents = load_documents(source_directory, ignored_files)
+    if not documents:
+        print("No new documents to load")
+        exit(0)
+    print(f"Loaded {len(documents)} new documents from {source_directory}")
+    text_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=chunk_size, chunk_overlap=chunk_overlap)
+    texts = text_splitter.split_documents(documents)
+    print(f"Split into {len(texts)} chunks of text (max. {chunk_size} tokens each)")
+    return texts
+
+def does_vectorstore_exist(persist_directory: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Checks if vectorstore exists
+    """
+    if os.path.exists(os.path.join(persist_directory, 'index')):
+        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(persist_directory, 'chroma-collections.parquet')) and os.path.exists(os.path.join(persist_directory, 'chroma-embeddings.parquet')):
+            list_index_files = glob.glob(os.path.join(persist_directory, 'index/*.bin'))
+            list_index_files += glob.glob(os.path.join(persist_directory, 'index/*.pkl'))
+            # At least 3 documents are needed in a working vectorstore
+            if len(list_index_files) > 3:
+                return True
+    return False
+
+def main():
+    # Create embeddings
+    embeddings = HuggingFaceEmbeddings(model_name=embeddings_model_name)
+
+    if does_vectorstore_exist(persist_directory):
+        # Update and store locally vectorstore
+        print(f"Appending to existing vectorstore at {persist_directory}")
+        db = Chroma(persist_directory=persist_directory, embedding_function=embeddings, client_settings=CHROMA_SETTINGS)
+        collection = db.get()
+        texts = process_documents([metadata['source'] for metadata in collection['metadatas']])
+        print(f"Creating embeddings. May take some minutes...")
+        db.add_documents(texts)
+    else:
+        # Create and store locally vectorstore
+        print("Creating new vectorstore")
+        texts = process_documents()
+        print(f"Creating embeddings. May take some minutes...")
+        db = Chroma.from_documents(texts, embeddings, persist_directory=persist_directory, client_settings=CHROMA_SETTINGS)
+    db.persist()
+    db = None
+
+    print(f"Ingestion complete! You can now run privateGPT.py to query your documents")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

privategpt.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from langchain.chains import RetrievalQA
+from langchain.embeddings import HuggingFaceEmbeddings
+from langchain.callbacks.streaming_stdout import StreamingStdOutCallbackHandler
+from langchain.vectorstores import Chroma
+from langchain.llms import GPT4All, LlamaCpp
+import os
+import argparse
+
+load_dotenv()
+
+embeddings_model_name = os.environ.get("EMBEDDINGS_MODEL_NAME")
+persist_directory = os.environ.get('PERSIST_DIRECTORY')
+
+model_type = os.environ.get('MODEL_TYPE')
+model_path = os.environ.get('MODEL_PATH')
+model_n_ctx = os.environ.get('MODEL_N_CTX')
+
+from constants import CHROMA_SETTINGS
+
+def main():
+    # Parse the command line arguments
+    args = parse_arguments()
+    embeddings = HuggingFaceEmbeddings(model_name=embeddings_model_name)
+    db = Chroma(persist_directory=persist_directory, embedding_function=embeddings, client_settings=CHROMA_SETTINGS)
+    retriever = db.as_retriever()
+    # activate/deactivate the streaming StdOut callback for LLMs
+    callbacks = [] if args.mute_stream else [StreamingStdOutCallbackHandler()]
+    # Prepare the LLM
+    '''match model_type:
+        case "LlamaCpp":
+            llm = LlamaCpp(model_path=model_path, n_ctx=model_n_ctx, callbacks=callbacks, verbose=False)
+        case "GPT4All":
+            llm = GPT4All(model=model_path, n_ctx=model_n_ctx, backend='gptj', callbacks=callbacks, verbose=False)
+        case _default:
+            print(f"Model {model_type} not supported!")
+            exit;'''
+    if model_type == "LlamaCpp":
+        llm = LlamaCpp(model_path=model_path, n_ctx=model_n_ctx, callbacks=callbacks, verbose=False)
+    elif model_type == "GPT4All":
+        llm = GPT4All(model=model_path, n_ctx=model_n_ctx, backend='gptj', callbacks=callbacks, verbose=False)
+    else:
+        print(f"Model {model_type} not supported!")
+        exit;
+    qa = RetrievalQA.from_chain_type(llm=llm, chain_type="stuff", retriever=retriever, return_source_documents= not args.hide_source)
+    # Interactive questions and answers
+    while True:
+        query = input("\nEnter a query: ")
+        if query == "exit":
+            break
+
+        # Get the answer from the chain
+        res = qa(query)
+        answer, docs = res['result'], [] if args.hide_source else res['source_documents']
+
+        # Print the result
+        print("\n\n> Question:")
+        print(query)
+        print("\n> Answer:")
+        print(answer)
+
+        # Print the relevant sources used for the answer
+        for document in docs:
+            print("\n> " + document.metadata["source"] + ":")
+            print(document.page_content)
+
+def parse_arguments():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='privateGPT: Ask questions to your documents without an internet connection, '
+                                                 'using the power of LLMs.')
+    parser.add_argument("--hide-source", "-S", action='store_true',
+                        help='Use this flag to disable printing of source documents used for answers.')
+
+    parser.add_argument("--mute-stream", "-M",
+                        action='store_true',
+                        help='Use this flag to disable the streaming StdOut callback for LLMs.')
+
+    return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+langchain==0.0.171
+pygpt4all==1.1.0
+chromadb==0.3.23
+llama-cpp-python==0.1.50
+urllib3==2.0.2
+pdfminer.six==20221105
+python-dotenv==1.0.0
+unstructured==0.6.6
+extract-msg==0.41.1
+tabulate==0.9.0
+pandoc==2.3
+pypandoc==1.11
+tqdm==4.65.0
+numpy
+sentence-transformers==2.2.2
+faiss-cpu
+nltk
+openai
+gradio==3.31.0
+pandas

source_documents/0130153.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+Brake Electronic Control Unit (ECU), Reprogramming (MID136) VN, VHD, VAH, VT
+FSB 513-001, Brake Electronic Control Unit (ECU), Reprogramming (MID 136)
+
+Certain VOLVO VN, VHD, VT, and VAH trucks equipped with the basic ESP package (ZMX-A1X), and built between January 1, 2010 and November 9, 2014, may activate an MID 136 Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) SID 66 FMI 7 or Bendix DTC 20-8 code without any component failures, mechanical failures, or system mis-wires. The MID 136 code is due to an ABS Electronic Control Unit (ECU) threshold setting. Follow the Brake ECU (MID 136) repair and reprogramming steps outlined in this Field Service Bulletin (FSB).
+
+Repair, Reprogramming Procedure
+	You must read and understand the precautions and guidelines in Service Information, group 50, "General Safety Practices, Wheel Brakes" before performing this procedure. If	you are not properly trained and certified in this procedure, ask your supervisor for training before you perform it.
+	NOTE: Information is subject to change without notice. Illustrations are used for reference	only and can differ slightly from the actual vehicle being serviced. However, key components addressed in this information are represented as accurately as possible.
+	1. Park the vehicle on a flat and level surface.
+	2. Apply the parking brake.
+	3. Place the transmission in neutral or park.
+	4. Install the wheel chocks.
+	5. Download the latest Bendix VCP file to the Premium Tech Tool (PTT) laptop.
+	Note: Follow the screen captures from the Truck Dealer Portal to locate the latest VCP file and download instructions.
+	6. Reprogram the ABS (MID136) ECU. Note: Follow the on screen prompts until the programming is complete.
+	7. Verify proper operation after reprogramming is complete.
+	8. Remove the wheel chocks.
+
+Reimbursement
+
+	This repair may be eligible for reimbursement if a product failure was experienced within time and mileage limits of the applicable Warranty coverage. Reimbursement is obtained via the normal claim handling process.
+	
+	Claim Type (used only when uploading from the Dealer Bus. Sys.) for UCHP Reimbursement is "W".
+	Claim Type (used only when uploading from the Dealer Bus. Sys.) for eWarranty Reimbursement is "W".
+	Labor Code for UCHP Reimbursement is "None".
+	Labor Code foreWarranty Reimbursement is "None".
+	Primary Labor Code (Brake Electronic Control Unit (ECU), Reprogramming, MID 136) for UCHP Reimbursement is "5139-22-09-01 0.4 hrs.".
+	Primary Labor Code (Brake Electronic Control Unit (ECU), Reprogramming, MID 136) for eWarranty Reimbursement is "51301-2-00 0.4 hrs.".
+	Causal Part for UCHP Reimbursement is "20824479".
+	Causal Part for UCHP Reimbursement is "20824479".

source_documents/0130156.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+1. INTRODUCTION
+
+	Consolidated Metco (ConMet) brake drums are designed for superior performance and long life, and are available for most commercial vehicle applications. 
+	ConMet currently offers three types of brake drums:
+	1. Standard cast brake drums
+	2. CastLite brake drums
+	3. TruTurn brake drums
+
+	Standard Cast Brake Drums
+	ConMet standard cast brake drums are available for a wide range of heavy and severe-duty vehicle applications. Critical areas are precision machined, and all are balanced using a cut in the squealer band 
+
+	Cast Lite Brake Drums
+	ConMet CastLite brake drums are designed with a computer-optimized shape that results in up to a 15% weight savings over standard drums. Critical areas are precision machined, and all CastLite drums are balanced using a cut in the squealer band (Figure 2).
+
+	TruTurn Brake Drums
+	ConMet TruTurn brake drums are precision machined over 95% of their surface area. This results in a drum that is inherently balanced, eliminating the need for weld-on weights or balance cuts. Machining the drum inside and out also improves performance due to consistent wall thickness and uniform thermal expansion (Figure 3).
+
+2. IDENTIFICATION
+	WHEEL MOUNTING SYSTEMS
+		Most ConMet brake drums can be used with both hub pilot and ball seat nut configurations.
+		
+		Hub Pilot Wheel Mounting
+			The hub pilot wheel mounting system makes use of a single two-piece flange nut on each wheel stud for both single and dual wheel applications (Figure 4). The hub pilot wheel mounting system is also known as the Uni-Mount-10 (10 stud), WHD-10 (10 stud), WHD-8 (8 stud), and ISO system. All ConMet brake drums have been designed to be compatible with hub pilot wheel mounting systems. 
+			There is no need to confirm stud hole size if fitting a ConMet drum to a hub pilot mounting system.
+			
+		Ball Seat Mounting Systems
+			The ball seat wheel mounting system makes use of the spherical contact area between the nut and wheel to both locate the wheel and hold the wheel tight against the brake drum (Figure 5). The ball seat wheel mounting system is also known as stud piloted, ball seat cap nut (BCN), and double cap nut (DCN) system. All ConMet brake drums are compatible with ball seat systems in dual wheel applications. Brake drum stud hole size must be confirmed for single wheel applications, however. In this case, drum stud hole diameters must be greater than 1-1/4 inch to be compatible.
+			
+	IDENTIFYING CONMET BRAKE DRUMS
+		Identifying your brake drum is important for many reasons. It will enable you to purchase the appropriate replacement if needed. In addition, if a warranty issue arises, you will then be able to provide details on all aspects of the ConMet drum. This section is devoted to finding and understanding the different identification numbers associated with ConMet drums.
+		
+		Vehicle Identification Number (VIN): One method of identifying your drums is to note the vehicle identification number (VIN) and call a truck dealership. The dealership can then tell you what drums were installed on your vehicle. If this is not possible, there is a ConMet identifying mark and part number cast into the drum that will identify it.
+		
+		ConMet Identifying Mark: The identifying mark “CONMET” is physically cast into the outside of all drums manufactured by ConMet. It appears in large characters and is located on the transition between the mounting flange and the barrel (Figure 6). These letters are raised on standard cast and CastLite drums and recessed on TruTurn drums.
+		
+		ConMet Part Number: The ConMet part number is a 6- or 8-digit number physically cast into the outside of the drum near the identifying mark (Figure 6). These numbers are raised on standard cast and CastLite drums and recessed on TruTurn drums. 
+		
+		Date Code: All ConMet drums have a date code cast into the drum near the same location as the identifying mark and part number. The date code provides the date that the drum was manufactured and may be used for warranty purposes.These numbers are raised on standard cast and CastLite drums and recessed on TruTurn drums. Cast dates will have one of two formats: 
+					Format 1: Format: YMDD, Example: 4F22, Meaning: June 22, 2014
+					Format 2: Format: DDMMYY, Example: 220614, Meaning: June 22, 2014
+					
+					For date codes using a letter to designate the month of manufacture, refer to the following table:
+					A-January
+					B-February
+					C-March
+					D-April
+					E-May
+					F-June
+					G-July
+					H-August
+					J-September
+					K-October
+					L-November
+					M-December
+					
+3. BRAKE DRUM REMOVAL
+		1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving.
+		2. Raise the axle until the tires are off the floor.
+		3. Place safety stands under the trailer frame or under each axle spring seat. (Figure 7).
+		4. Remove the tire and wheel assembly using procedures specified by the wheel manufacturer.
+		5. If the axle is equipped with spring brake chambers, carefully compress and lock the springs so that they cannot actuate (Figure 8).
+		6. Remove the brake drum. Support the drum during the removal process to prevent damage to the axle spindle threads.
+		NOTE: If the drum is difficult to remove, apply a corrosion penetrant between the hub and drum mating surfaces. Allow enough time for the penetrant to release the frozen joint. Do NOT use a hammer to release the drum from the hub. Prior to reinstallation of the drum, all hub and drum mating surfaces must be cleaned to remove any residual penetrant.
+		
+		WARNING: Sudden release of compressed air can cause serious personal injury and damage to components. Before you service a spring chamber, carefully follow the manufacturerʼs instructions to compress and lock the spring to completely release the brake. Verify that no air pressure remains in the service chamber before you proceed.
+		WARNING: Some brake linings contain asbestos fibers, a cancer and lung disease hazard. Some brake linings contain non-asbestos fibers, whose long-term effects to health are unknown. When working with asbestos and non-asbestos materials, follow proper safety precautions and procedures as specified by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (www.osha.gov)
+		DANGER: To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and damage to components can result. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with safety stands.
+		WARNING: If a drum is dropped at any time, it should be discarded. Dropping a drum can cause cracks to develop that may not be detectable visually and could result in a failure of the drum when put into service.
+
+4. BRAKE DRUM INSPECTION
+	A drum brake component inspection should be part of any regularly-scheduled preventive maintenance program.
+	
+		Heat Checks: Heat checks are caused by the repeated heating and cooling of the brake drum during normal vehicle operation. They appear as short, fine, axial hairline cracks in the braking surface. Heat checking can range from light (Figure 9) to heavy (Figure 10). Heat checking is a normal condition and will not affect braking performance. However, the brake drum should be replaced if heavy heat checking is encountered and any of the following conditions occur:
+			1. One or more heat check cracks extend continuously over 75% of the braking surface in the axial direction.
+			2. One or more heat check cracks are over 0.060 inch wide and/or over 0.060 inch deep.
+		If heavy heat checking is localized on only one side of the drum, then the drum should be replaced. Heavy heat checking on one side of the drum is typically caused by improper drum mounting or a drum that is out of round. 
+		
+		Cracked Drum (Barrel): If a crack is discovered that extends through the entire brake wall of the drum barrel, then the drum must be replaced immediately (Figure 11). Cracked drum barrels are typically caused by mishandling if the drum is new or excessive heating and cooling if the drum is used. The most common form of mishandling that causes cracks is dropping the drum. Possible causes of excessive heating and cooling include improper brake balance, the use of drums and linings that are not adequate for the application, or driver abuse. Applying the parking brake while the drum is extremely hot can also result in a cracked barrel.
+		
+		Cracked Drum (Mounting Flange): If a crack is discovered through one or more bolt holes	in the mounting flange, then the drum must be replaced immediately (Figure 12). Cracked mounting flanges are typically caused by mishandling or improper installation. The compatibility of the hub and drum should be verified	and the hub pilots inspected for damage (Figure 13). In	addition, pilot surfaces on both the hub and drum must be cleaned of rust and debris before installation of the drum.
+		
+		Blue Drum: Drums that show bluing on the braking surface have been exposed to excessive heat and extremely high temperatures (Figure 14). This condition may be caused by repeated hard stops, improper brake balance, or dragging brakes due to improperly functioning return springs or swollen linings. Brake actuation should also be checked to ensure there is no binding. The cause of overheating should be determined and corrected to prevent the drum from cracking in the future, but it is not necessary to replace the drum as long as no other replacement conditions are present and if it meets the proper dimensional specifications for runout and diameter.
+		
+		Polished Drum: A polished drum will have a mirror-like finish on the braking surface (Figure 15). This condition may be caused by an improper lining friction rating or the drum having been resurfaced with too fine of a micro-finish. Lightly dragging brakes can also cause polished drums, so the return springs, camshaft bushings, air system, and brake adjustment should be inspected. It is not necessary to replace the drum, but the braking surface should be sanded with 80 grit emery cloth to correct the polished condition.
+		
+		Grease/Oil-Stained Drum: A brake drum that has discolorations due to grease or oil on the braking surface should be removed from the vehicle and cleaned (Figure 17). The brake linings should be replaced, and any other brake system components that have oil or grease spattered on them should be removed from the vehicle and cleaned. Typically this condition is caused by improper lubrication of the brake components or a leaking oil/grease seal in the hub.
+		
+		Martensite Spotted Drum: Drums exposed to extremely high heat followed by rapid cooling can exhibit a martensite spotted condition, which is a structural change to the drum material that makes the drum more susceptible to cracking. This condition appears as black spots on the braking surface that are slightly raised and are hard and brittle (Figure 16). Typically the high heat needed to generate martensite spots in drums is caused by brake drag or improper brake balance. Drums with this condition should be replaced.
+		
+		Scored (Grooved) Drum: A scored drum will show defined grooving on the braking surface (Figure 18). Replace the brake drum if any of the following occurs in addition to the scoring/grooving:
+			1. The drum braking surface diameter exceeds the maximum specified by the lettering cast into the drum.
+			2. Grooved linings are replaced due to an out-of-service condition defined in TMC RP 627 or	per the lining manufacturer's requirements. Typically grooving alone is not an out-of-service
+			condition for linings. 
+			Scoring is typically caused by:
+				1. Foreign debris becoming trapped between the lining and drum. This is usually indicated by uniform grooving across the entire braking surface or bands of grooving on the inboard and/or outboard edges of the braking surface. Adding dust shields may correct this condition. If the vehicle is already equipped with dust shields, removing them may correct this condition.
+				2. Loose rivets or bolts or foreign debris buildup in the rivet holes of the linings. This is usually indicated by bands of grooving on the drum corresponding to the location of the rivet holes. Repairing the linings or installing rivet plugs may correct this condition.
+				3. Poor quality brake linings. If this is suspected, consult the lining or vehicle manufacturer.
+				
+		Oversize (Worn) Drum: A worn brake drum will typically have a defined lip on the open end of the drum that can be observed during inspection and/or felt when running a finger across it. If excessive wear is suspected, the diameter of the drum should be measured. Using a drum gage or 2-point bore gage, measure the drum braking surface diameter at the locations of maximum wear. If wear is uniform, measure the diameter approximately 1 inch from the outer edge of the braking surface on the open end of the drum. All ConMet brake drums have the maximum diameter cast on the outside of the drum near other identifying lettering. If this lettering cannot be located, use the following table:
+		If Nominal Brake Diameter (inch) is 15 then Maximum Drum Diameter (inch) is 15.120
+		If Nominal Brake Diameter (inch) is 16.5 then Maximum Drum Diameter (inch) is 16.620		
+		If the diameter measurement exceeds the maximum, replace the brake drum. Drum wear is a normal condition. However, if the drum is wearing excessively fast or unevenly, refer to the
+		causes listed in the “Scored Drum” section above.
+		
+		Out-of-Round Drum: A drum is considered out-of-round when it shows variations in diameter around the circumference of the braking surface. This condition is typically caused by:
+			1. Distortion or “warping” due to excessive heat generation during braking.
+			2. The drum was improperly installed on the vehicle.
+			3. The drum was dropped or stored on its side prior	to installation.
+			4. The parking brake was applied while the drum	was extremely hot.
+			
+			If an out-of-round condition is suspected, the runout of the brake drum should be checked. Perform the following procedure on the drum when it is still assembled on the vehicle:
+				1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving.
+				2. Raise the axle until the tires are off the floor.
+				3. Place safety stands under the trailer frame or under	each axle spring seat (Figure 19).
+				4. If equipped, remove the dust shields.
+				5. Attach the base of a dial indicator to the axle, steering knuckle, or other flat non-rotating surface near the drum. For best results, ConMet suggests the use of a lever-style dial indicator with a magnetic base (Figure 20). A standard dial indicator with a magnetic base can also be used. Ensure that the base is secure and does not move.
+				6. Adjust the dial indicator to contact the braking	surface of the drum approximately 0.25 inch from the inboard end of the drum at a location between the brake shoes or between the lining blocks on one shoe. If using a lever-style dial indicator, ensure that the lever clears the wear lip that is often	present on the inboard end of a used drum (Figure 21). If using a standard dial indicator, ensure that the tip clears the wear lip and is perpendicular to the braking surface.
+				7. Set the dial indicator to zero, rotate the wheel and hub assembly one full revolution while watching the	dial indicator, and note at what position the dial indicator measures the LOWEST value.
+				8. Rotate the drum to the position of the lowest reading and zero the dial indicator.
+				9. Rotate the drum one full revolution again while watching the dial indicator. Record the maximum reading, which is the Total Indicator Reading (TIR) and equals the assembled runout of the drum.
+				
+				a. If TIR is less than 0.020 inch, no action is necessary. Return the drum to service.
+				b. If TIR exceeds 0.020 inch, mark the drum and hub so that the original position of the drum relative to the hub is known. Perform the following actions:
+					1. Remove the drum and inspect the hub/drum mating surfaces for damage. Pay special	attention to the pilots on the hub. If damage is found, replace the damaged components.
+					2. If no damage is found, reinstall the brake drum 180 degrees from its original position relative to the hub. Make sure to rotate the hub so that one wheel pilot boss is at the 12 o'clock position prior to reinstalling the drum. Remeasure the	runout. If the TIR is less than 0.020 inch, keep the drum in the new position and reassemble the wheel, again making sure that the hub is rotated so that one wheel pilot boss is at the 12	o'clock position. Return the drum to service. If the TIR exceeds 0.020 inch, replace the brake drum. For detailed drum and wheel installation procedures, refer to Section 7.
+				NOTE: Some vehicle manufacturers specify a lower hub/drum assembled runout limit on steer axles than 0.020 inch. In those cases, the vehicle manufacturerʼs limits must be met. Check with the vehicle manufacturer to confirm runout limits.
+				
+		Drum Resurfacing: ConMet does not recommend resurfacing brake drums. However, if drum resurfacing is necessary, ensure that the finished diameter does not exceed 0.080 inch over the original diameter. For example, if the original drum diameter was 16.50 inches, then the maximum rebore diameter allowed is 16.50 + 0.080 = 16.580 inches. In addition, the braking surface finish must not exceed 200 microfinish, and the TIR must not exceed 0.020 inch when the drum is assembled on the vehicle.
+				
+	DANGER: Vehicles on jacks can fall, causing serious personal injury or property damage. Never work under a vehicle supported by a jack without supporting the vehicle with stands and blocking the wheels. Wear safe eye protection. Follow all shop safety procedures before beginning vehicle inspection.
+	
+5. BRAKE DRUM REPLACEMENT
+	Brake drums should be replaced if any of the following conditions are found:
+		1. Heavy heat checking in addition to the criteria described in Section 4.
+		2. Cracked drum barrel.
+		3. Cracked mounting flange.
+		4. Martensite spotting on the braking surface.
+		5. Grooving in addition to the criteria described in Section 4.
+		6. The drum is worn beyond the maximum diameter limit.
+		7. The drum is out-of-round.
+		8. The drum has been dropped.
+		9. The drum is known to have been severely overheated or abused.
+	Drums should always be replaced in pairs on the same axle to ensure the same braking power and load is achieved. Uneven braking load on the axle can reduce the brake performance, service life, and/or safety of the vehicle. Linings should also always be replaced in pairs, though it is not always necessary to replace linings when replacing drums and vice versa. See Section 4 of this manual for more details.
+	SELECTION OF NEW BRAKE DRUMS: Selecting the correct replacement brake drum for your application is very important as it ensures that your brake system's performance, service life, and safety are maintained. In order to determine a proper replacement, the following information about the drum that is being replaced will be needed:
+	1. Manufacturer name
+	2. Part number
+	Most manufacturers cast this information into the outside of the brake drum. If the above information cannot be determined, then a truck dealership can be contacted and the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) provided. The dealership	should be able to determine the manufacturer and part number of the drum originally installed on the vehicle. If the brake drum being replaced still cannot be identified, then measurements of the critical features of the brake drum will be necessary (Figure 22). The measurements can be made using a tape measure, calipers, or other measuring devices.
+	
+6. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
+	BRAKE DRUM BALANCE
+		All ConMet brake drums are balanced at the factory using either a cut in the squealer band or a “Turned-to-Balance” machining process. No drums are balanced using weld-on weights. All steer drums are balanced to 10 inch-ounces and all rear/drive/trailer drums are balanced to 20 inch-ounces.
+		Balance Cut in Squealer Band: ConMet standard cast and CastLite brake drums are 100% balanced at the factory by machining a balance cut in the squealer band (Figure 23). Each drum is first checked for imbalance, cut to correct any imbalance found, and then rechecked to ensure it meets specifications. The balance cut can easily be found by inspecting the squealer band.
+		Turned-to-Balance: ConMet TruTurn® brake drums are 100% balanced at the factory using a “Turned-to-Balance” machining process. These drums are machined over 95% of their surface area in a single machining operation, resulting in drums that are inherently balanced and eliminating the need for balance cuts (Figure 24). There are no physical indicators on the drums to indicate they are balanced, but ConMet's manufacturing process ensures that the drums do meet the balance specifications.
+		
+	BRAKE DRUM STORAGE AND HANDLING
+		All ConMet brake drums are designed to be stored by nesting up to 4 drums (3 for 16.5x8.625 drums) in a vertical stack with the open ends of the drums down. All standard cast and CastLite® brake drums have 3 to 6 stacking tabs on the outside that are designed to support and center the drum being stacked on it (Figure 25). All TruTurn brake drums have a stacking ring on the outside that serves the same purpose (Figure 26). Brake drums are very heavy and manually handling them should be avoided. Specialty drum handling devices are available to aid in brake drum transport, installation, and removal. These devices are recommended to prevent personal injuries and component damage.
+		NOTE: Brake drums should never be stored on their side as this may cause an out-of-round condition to occur.
+		
+	WHEEL STUD HOLES
+		The stud holes in all of ConMet's drum flanges are clearance holes. They serve no purpose other than to let the wheel studs pass through the drum, and clearance hole size does not affect the stopping ability of the brake drum. This section explains the types of stud holes used by ConMet drums, and also addresses the common misconceptions about stud holes.
+		Cast Stud Holes: Most ConMet drums utilize cast stud holes. These holes are generated during the sand-casting process rather than with a drill. Cast holes intentionally have a 0.10 inch larger diameter than comparable drilled holes. This size difference does not affect the drumʼs ability to stop the vehicle. Both cast and machined holes meet the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1671 specification, which governs brake drum hole size (Figure 27).
+		Large Diameter Stud Holes in Steer Drums: Many ConMet steer drums are designed to work with both hub piloted and stud piloted wheel mounting systems. Hub piloted systems utilize M22 wheel studs while stud piloted systems utilize 1-1/8 inch wheel studs. ConMet steer drums will often have stud hole diameters designed to clear the 1-1/8 inch wheel studs in stud piloted systems. These holes may look overly large when used with M22 studs in hub piloted systems.This is normal and does not affect the performance of the drum. See Section 2 of this manual for more information on hub and stud piloted systems.
+		Stud Hole Misconceptions: Several misconceptions exist about the function of the stud holes in brake drums:
+			1. Misconception 1. The stud holes and studs prevent the drum from rotating with respect to the	hub during braking.	Properly torqued fasteners provide twice the necessary clamp load to prevent the wheel, drum, and hub flanges from rotating with respect to one another. Clamp load generates friction between the flanges that prevents the drum from rotating relative to the hub and wheel, not shear loading of the wheel studs against the holes.
+			2. Misconception 2. Drums pilot off of the stud hole and studs. All drums have a precision machined pilot hole in the flange and all hubs have precision drum pilots. These pilots are what center the drum on the hub, not the	studs and stud holes. This is true for both hub piloted	and stud piloted systems.
+			3. Misconception 3. Drum installation difficulty depends on stud hole size.	Brake drums are located on a truck axle with the help of the brake shoes and the hub's drum pilot. Stud	hole size has no effect on ease of installation.
+			
+7. BRAKE DRUM AND WHEEL INSTALLATION
+	Hub Pilot Wheel Mounting System: 
+		1. Clean all mating surfaces on the hub, drum and nuts. Remove loose paint, scale, and any material building around the pilots of the drum, hub, and wheels. Be sure paint is fully cured on recently refurbished wheels.
+		2. In environments where a corrosion inhibitor is beneficial, ConMet recommends the use of Corrosion Block, a product of Lear Chemical Research (905) 564-0018. In severely corrosive environments, a light coat of Corrosion Block on the drum and wheel pilots has proven beneficial.
+		3. In addition to the above preparation, apply two drops of oil to a point between each nut and nut flange washer and two drops to the last two or three threads at the end of each stud. Also, lightly lubricate the pilots on the hub to ease wheel installation and removal.
+		4. Before installation of brake drums and wheels that utilize the hub piloted system, rotate the hub so one of the wheel pilot bosses is at the top (12 oʼclock position) (Figure 31).
+		5. Position the brake drum over the hub so it seats on the drum pilot and against the hub face.
+		6. Place the wheel(s) into position. One or more nuts can be started in order to hold wheel(s) and drum	into position.
+		7. Snug the top nut first. Apply 50 ft-lbs torque to draw the brake drum up fully against the hub (Figure 32).
+		8. Install the remaining wheel nuts and using the sequence as shown, torque all the nuts to 50 ft-lbs, then retorque to 450-500 ft-lbs (Figures 29 and 30). The last nut rotation must be with a calibrated torque device.
+		9. Inspect the brake and wheel installation by checking the seating of the wheel(s) and drum at the pilots, and by turning the wheel(s) and checking for any irregularity. Visually inspect the area of contact between the brake shoes and the drum to verify that there is not a significant gap difference from one shoe to the other.
+		
+		NOTE: If your shop practice requires the use of lubricant or anticorrosion material to the threads and/or the drum pilot area, avoid getting lubricant on the flat mating surfaces of the hub, drum, and wheels.
+		NOTE: If you plan to replace the brake drum (i.e., cast in place of Centifuse) or wheels (i.e., aluminum in place of steel), measure stud standout (Figure 30). In hub piloted mounting systems, the studs must be long enough for the threads to be exposed beyond the installed wheel nut. In the ball seat mounting system, the stud length beyond the brake drum should be from 1.31-1.44″ as measured from the brake drum to the end of the stud. Call ConMet at 1-800-547-9473 for the correct stud part number for your application. If you plan to replace the brake drum, verify the new drum has the same drum pilot diameter as the one that has been removed.
+		NOTE: When torquing wheel nuts, the temperature of all the wheel end components should be as close as possible to the midpoint of the expected operating range. For example, if the hub will operate between 0°F and 150°F, 75°F is a good temperature to torque at. Room temperature is often a close approximation of the midpoint temperature. This recommendation is due to the differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion for the various materials in the wheel end including the hub, studs, wheel and brake drum. If the wheel nuts are torqued at temperatures well below the midpoint, when the system warms up, the studs may become overstressed. This could cause the studs to be permanently stretched, leading to nut loosening or damage to the wheel or hub. If the torque is applied at elevated temperatures, the system may become loose and lose clamp at lower temperatures, resulting in wheel damage and broken wheel studs. If the nuts must be torqued at extreme temperatures, the nut torque should be readjusted when the temperature is in the desired range. See also TMC RP250 “Effectsof Extreme Temperatures on Wheel Torque and Clamp Load”.
+		NOTE: Use the appropriate nuts with the above technique to install the front and outer dual wheels. Follow your shop practice to locate the valve stems. 
+	Ball Seat Wheel Mounting System:
+		1. Clean all mating surfaces on the hub, drum, wheels and nuts. Remove loose paint, scale, and any material building around the pilots of the drum, hub, and wheels. Be sure paint is fully cured on recently refurbished wheels.
+		Table A: Single Aluminum Wheel Applications
+		For Aluminum Wheels with 3/4-16″ Threaded Studs the ALCOA Cap Nut Number is 5995R and 5995L or 5554R and 5554L, depending on stud length
+		Table B: Single Steel Wheel Applications
+		For Steel Wheels with 3/4-16″ Threaded Studs the BATCO Cap Nut Number is 13-3013R and 13-3013L
+		
+		2. When installing the inner wheel and tire assembly, verify the inner nuts being used are suitable for the application: aluminum wheels, steel wheels, brake drum thickness, etc.
+		3. Rotate the hub to bring a drum pilot to the top (12 oʼclock) position (Figure 34). Position the inner wheel and tire assembly over the studs against the drum.
+		4. Beginning in the 12 oʼclock position, install the inner cap nuts by hand to ensure they are not cross-threaded. Do not tighten any nuts at this time. 
+		5. Apply sufficient torque (about 50 ft-lbs) to the inner top cap nut to draw the brake drum up on the drum pilot and against the hub and seat the ball seat of the nut into the ball socket of the wheel (Figure 35).
+		6. To properly center the wheel, snug the remaining wheel nuts. Verify the drum is in place over the drum pilots. 
+		7. Starting with the top nut first and using a staggered pattern, torque the inner wheel nuts in stages to 450-500 ft-lbs (Figure 36). The last nut rotation must be with a calibrated torquing device.
+		8. Install the outer wheel and nuts and tighten to 450-500 ft-lbs (Figure 37). The last nut rotation must be with a calibrated torque device.
+		9. Inspect the brake and wheel installation by checking the seating of the wheel(s) and drum at the pilots and by turning the wheel(s) and checking for any irregularity. Visually inspect the area of contact between the brake shoes and the drum to verify that there is not a significant gap difference from one shoe to the other.
+		NOTE: Use the appropriate nuts with the above technique to install the front and outer dual wheels. Follow your shop practice to locate the valve stems.		
+		NOTE: When dual wheels are mounted, the stud length beyond the brake drum (standout) should be from 1.31-1.44″ as measured from the brake drum to the end of the stud (Figure 33). When mounting dual aluminum wheels, use ALCOA inner cap nuts 5978R and 5978L or equivalent. These nuts can also be used with longer studs up to 1.88″ standout. For special single aluminum wheel applications on drive and trailer hubs, use ALCOA single cap nuts 5995R and 5995L, or 5554R and 5554L or the equivalent, depending on the stud thread length (Table A). For single steel wheel applications, use BATCO 13-3013R and 13-3013L or the equivalent (Table B).
+		NOTE: When torquing wheel nuts, the temperature of all the wheel end components should be as close as possible to the midpoint of the expected operating range. For example, if the hub will operate between 0°F and 150°F, 75°F is a good temperature to torque at. Room temperature is often a close approximation of the midpoint temperature. This recommendation is due to the differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion for the various materials in the wheel end including the hub, studs, wheel and brake drum. If the wheel nuts are torqued at temperatures well below the midpoint, when the system warms up, the studs may become overstressed. This could cause the studs to be permanently stretched, leading to nut loosening or damage to the wheel or hub. If the torque is applied at elevated temperatures, the system may become loose and lose clamp at lower temperatures, resulting in wheel damage and broken wheel studs. If the nuts must be torqued at extreme temperatures, the nut torque should be readjusted when the temperature is in the desired range. See also TMC RP250 “Effects of Extreme Temperatures on Wheel Torque and Clamp Load”.
+		
+		WHEEL TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS TABLE
+		The following table data has 3 columns - Item, Measurement, and Notes
+		Item: Ball Seat Wheel Nut; Measurement: 3/4 - 16; Torque (ft-lbs): 450-500; Notes: Always tighten the top nut first or pilot damage may result. If lubricant is used; apply sparingly on threads only. Do not lubricate the faces of the hub; drum; wheel or on the ball seats of the wheel nuts. The last nut rotation should be with a calibrated torque device.
+		Wheel Nut
+		Item: Ball Seal Wheel Nut; Measurement: 1-1/8 - 16; Torque (ft-lbs): 450-500; Notes: Always tighten the top nut first or pilot damage may result. If lubricant is used; apply sparingly on threads only. Do not lubricate the faces of the hub; drum; wheel or on the ball seats of the wheel nuts. The last nut rotation should be with a calibrated torque device.
+		Item: Hub Pilot Wheel Nut; Measurement: 22 mm x 1.5 mm; Torque (ft-lbs): 450-500; Notes: Always tighten the top nut first or pilot damage may result. Apply two drops of oil between the nut and nut flange; and two or three drops to the outermost 2 or 3 threads of the wheel studs. Lightly lubricate the wheel pilots on the hub. The last nut rotationshould be with a calibrated torque device.
+		Item: Hub Drive and Studs; Measurement: 3/4-16; Torque (ft-lbs): 70-90; Notes: Installation Torque
+		Item: Hub Drive and Studs; Measurement: 5/8-18; Torque (ft-lbs): 40-90; Notes: Installation Torque
+		Item: Hub Drive and Studs; Measurement: 9/16-18; Torque (ft-lbs): 40-60; Notes: Installation Torque
+		Item: Hub Drive and Studs; Measurement: 1/2-20; Torque (ft-lbs): 40-60; Notes: Installation Torque
+		Item: Hub Cap; Measurement: 5/16-8; Torque (ft-lbs): 12 - 18; Notes: Minimum SAE Grade 5 fasteners, flat washers only.
+		Item: Oil Fill Plug; Measurement: 1/4 NPT; Torque (ft-lbs): 20-25; Notes: O-Ring Style
+		Item: Oil Fill Plug; Measurement: 3/8 NPT; Torque (ft-lbs): 20-25; Notes: O-Ring Style
+		Item: Oil Fill Plug; Measurement: 9/16-18; Torque (ft-lbs): 20-25; Notes: O-Ring Style
+		Item: Bolt-On ABS Ring Screw; Measurement: 8-32; Torque (in-lbs): 18-22 in-lbs; Notes: -.
+		Item: Disc Brake Rotor Screw; Measurement: M8 x 1.25; Torque (ft-lbs): 18 - 22; Notes: -.
+		Item: Disc Brake Rotor Screw; Measurement: 9/16 - 12; Torque (ft-lbs): 130 - 150; Notes: -.
+		Item: Disc Brake Rotor Screw; Measurement:5/8 - 11; Torque (ft-lbs): 190 - 210; Notes: -.
+		Item: Disc Brake Rotor Screw; Measurement: 5/8 - 18; Torque (ft-lbs): 210 - 230; Notes: -.
+		Item: Disc Brake Rotor Screw; Measurement: 1/2 - 20; Torque (ft-lbs): 100 - 120; Notes: -.
+		Item: Disc Brake Rotor Nut; Measurement: 5/8 - 18; Torque (ft-lbs): 190 - 210; Notes: -.
+		Item: Disc Brake Rotor; Measurement: M16 x 1.5; Torque (ft-lbs): 190 - 210; Notes: -.
+		Item: Drive Axle Flange Nuts; Measurement: -; Torque (ft-lbs): -; Notes: See axle manufacturerʼs recommendations for proper drive axle nut torque.
+		Item: PreSet 2-Piece Nut(FF, FL, R, TN, TP, L); Measurement: -; Torque (ft-lbs): 300 Inner 200 Outer; Notes: 300 minimum. Advance to nearest lock. Set wrench at 200 for outer nut. NO BACK OFF.
+		Item: PreSetPreSet 2-Piece Nut (FC-Medium Duty Steer Hub); Measurement: -; Torque (ft-lbs): 150 Inner 100 Outer; Notes: 150 minimum. Advance to nearest lock. Set wrench at 100 for outer nut. NO BACK OFF.
+		Item: PreSet 1-Piece Nut(FF, FL, R, TN, TP, L); Measurement: -; Torque (ft-lbs): 300; Notes: 300 minimum. Advance to nearest lock. NO BACK OFF.
+		Item: PreSet 1-Piece Nut(FC-Medium Duty Steer Hub); Measurement: -; Torque (ft-lbs): 150; Notes: 150 minimum. Advance to nearest lock. NO BACK OFF.
+		Item: PreSet Plus Drive and Trailer Nut; Measurement: -; Torque (ft-lbs): 500; Notes: Set wrench at 500. NO BACK OFF.	
+		Item: PreSet Plus Steer Nut; Measurement: -; Torque (ft-lbs): 300; Notes: Set wrench at 300. NO BACK OFF.

source_documents/0160111.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+DUST SHIELD BAND CLAMP FOR AIR DISC BRAKES
+
+Hendrickson Trailer Commercial Vehicle Systems announces a change to dust shield band clamps on INTRAAX® and VANTRAAX® integrated suspension systems or TRLAXLE® non-integrated axles that specify Bendix ADB22X and WABCO PAN22 air disc brake systems. Effective immediately, the band clamp features a thicker material and a larger gear mechanism. Suspension model numbers and aftermarket kit part numbers are unaffected with this change, however, the installation torque value will change with the new clamp design. Accordingly, all new aftermarket kits contain a 
+drawing with the new torque requirements as specified below. 
+Old style clamp: A-28782-1 
+Old torque: 50 – 70 in-lbs. 
+
+New style clamp: A-36142 
+New torque: 79 – 101 in-lbs.
+The new band clamp is reverse compatible with all INTRAAX, VANTRAAX and TRLAXLE products specified with Bendix ADB22X and WABCO PAN22. In addition, current aftermarket kits with the old style clamp may be used; it is not necessary to change your current stock. Reference Hendrickson literature number L1063 for a 
+listing of aftermarket dust shield kits. As always, Hendrickson is committed to providing world-class, quality suspension products and exceptional 
+customer service. For additional information, please contact us at 1-866-RIDEAIR (743-3247).

source_documents/Volvo VNRe First Responders Guide and Towing.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+VOLVO TRUCKS VNR ELECTRIC PRODUCTION START: 2021 33.2 ton vehicle 2 axles 4 lithium-ion batteries
+
+1.	Identification/recognition
+		See image on page 3
+	
+2.	Immobilisation/stabilization/lifting
+		Always approach the truck from the sides to stay out of the potential travel path. Due to lack of noise it can be difficult to determine if the truck is running.  
+		1.	Chock the wheels.
+		2.	Apply the parking brake.
+		
+3.	Disable direct hazardous/safety regulations
+		Primary procedure:
+			1. Check the instrument cluster for any of the symbols (1) and (2) appearing with a beep sound. If yes, a thermal runaway is detected in the lithium-ion batteries.
+			2. Turn off the ignition and remove the key.
+			3. Turn off the chassis switch (up) to intiate the high voltage disconnection process.
+			Note: All the components are designed to discharge their own capacitance within five seconds.
+
+		If unable to perform the primary procedure:
+			1. Locate the communication cable harness (low voltage) connected to any of the traction batteries.
+			2. Cut the communication cable harness on each side of the label and disconnect the traction voltage supply from the traction batteries.
+			Note: Cutting any of the locations shown will disable the traction voltage supply.
+		
+		If the truck is charging:
+			1. Unlock the cab.
+			2. Press the stop button (1) and wait for the steady yellow light (2) on the charging inlet.
+			3. Remove the charging plug from the charging inlet when the yellow light (2) turns off.
+		
+		If the charging plug cannot be pulled out:  retract the pin manually
+			1. Turn off the chassis switch (up) to intiate the high voltage disconnection process.
+			2. Remove the screws (1) and the step (2).
+			3. Rotate the lever (3) and remove the charging plug (4).
+			
+4.	Stored	energy/liquid/gases/solid
+		See image on page 5
+		
+5.	In	case of fire
+		1. Use a large sustained volume of water to extinguish lithium-ion battery related fire.
+		2. If other materials are involved, use class ABC fire extinguisher.
+		3. In case of thermal runaway, the lithium-ion batteries can release hydrogen fluoride.
+		4. In case of traction battery fire large flames can emit from the breather valves (1) as a result of thermal runaway.
+ 
+6.	In	case	of	water	submersion
+		1. The damage level of a submerged vehicle may not be visible. 
+		2. Submersion in water can damage 12 V, 24 V and 600 V components.
+		3. Handling a submerged truck without appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will result in serious injury or death due to electric shock.
+		4. Avoid any contact with the traction voltage cables and electric components. 
+		5. If possible disable direct hazards (See chapter 3).
+
+7.	Towing/transportation/storage
+		1. If the traction batteries are damaged, there is a risk of thermal or chemical reaction.  
+		2. Park the fully electric truck involved in an accident in a suitable place maintaining a safe distance from other vehicles, buildings and combustible objects. 
+		3. Risk of delayed fire can happen, after the fire suppression or if the lithium-ion batteries are damaged
+		4. Observe the truck for a minimum period of 48 hours using a thermal infrared camera.
+		5. The electric motors can produce electricity When moving the truck with the rear drive tires contacting the ground. This remains a potential source of electric shock even when the high voltage system is disabled.
+		6. Before towing the truck, it is mandatory to disconnect the drive to the wheels. The drive to the wheels is disabled by either uncoupling the propeller shaft (1) from the driven axle (2) or by removing the axle shafts (3).  
+
+8.	Important	additional	information
+		1. Do not cut any orange cables. 
+		2. Do not touch any high voltage cables and electric components.
+		3. Do not perform any operation on a damaged truck without appropriate Personal Protective Equipment(PPE).
+
+VOLVO TRUCKS VNR ELECTRIC PRODUCTION START : 2021 30 ton vehicle 3 axles 4 lithium-ion batteries
+
+1.	Identification/recognition
+		See image on page 3
+	
+2.	Immobilisation/stabilization/lifting
+		Always approach the truck from the sides to stay out of the potential travel path. Due to lack of noise it can be difficult to determine if the truck is running.  
+		1.	Chock the wheels.
+		2.	Apply the parking brake.
+		
+3.	Disable direct hazardous/safety regulations
+		Primary procedure:
+			1. Check the instrument cluster for any of the symbols (1) and (2) appearing with a beep sound. If yes, a thermal runaway is detected in the lithium-ion batteries.
+			2. Turn off the ignition and remove the key.
+			3. Turn off the chassis switch (up) to intiate the high voltage disconnection process.
+			Note: All the components are designed to discharge their own capacitance within five seconds.
+
+		If unable to perform the primary procedure:
+			1. Locate the communication cable harness (low voltage) connected to any of the traction batteries.
+			2. Cut the communication cable harness on each side of the label and disconnect the traction voltage supply from the traction batteries.
+			Note: Cutting any of the locations shown will disable the traction voltage supply.
+		
+		If the truck is charging:
+			1. Unlock the cab.
+			2. Press the stop button (1) and wait for the steady yellow light (2) on the charging inlet.
+			3. Remove the charging plug from the charging inlet when the yellow light (2) turns off.
+		
+		If the charging plug cannot be pulled out:  retract the pin manually
+			1. Turn off the chassis switch (up) to intiate the high voltage disconnection process.
+			2. Remove the screws (1) and the step (2).
+			3. Rotate the lever (3) and remove the charging plug (4).
+			
+4.	Stored energy/liquid/gases/solid
+		See image on page 5
+		
+5.	In case of fire
+		1. Use a large sustained volume of water to extinguish lithium-ion battery related fire.
+		2. If other materials are involved, use class ABC fire extinguisher.
+		3. In case of thermal runaway, the lithium-ion batteries can release hydrogen fluoride.
+		4. In case of traction battery fire large flames can emit from the breather valves (1) as a result of thermal runaway.
+ 
+6.	In case	of water submersion
+		1. The damage level of a submerged vehicle may not be visible. 
+		2. Submersion in water can damage 12 V, 24 V and 600 V components.
+		3. Handling a submerged truck without appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will result in serious injury or death due to electric shock.
+		4. Avoid any contact with the traction voltage cables and electric components. 
+		5. If possible disable direct hazards (See chapter 3).
+
+7.	Towing/transportation/storage
+		1. If the traction batteries are damaged, there is a risk of thermal or chemical reaction.  
+		2. Park the fully electric truck involved in an accident in a suitable place maintaining a safe distance from other vehicles, buildings and combustible objects. 
+		3. Risk of delayed fire can happen, after the fire suppression or if the lithium-ion batteries are damaged
+		4. Observe the truck for a minimum period of 48 hours using a thermal infrared camera.
+		5. The electric motors can produce electricity When moving the truck with the rear drive tires contacting the ground. This remains a potential source of electric shock even when the high voltage system is disabled.
+		6. Before towing the truck, it is mandatory to disconnect the drive to the wheels. The drive to the wheels is disabled by either uncoupling the propeller shaft (1) from the driven axle (2) or by removing the axle shafts (3).  
+
+8.	Important additional information
+		1. Do not cut any orange cables. 
+		2. Do not touch any high voltage cables and electric components.
+		3. Do not perform any operation on a damaged truck without appropriate Personal Protective Equipment(PPE).

source_documents/Zone Defense.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+ZONE DEFENCE - ZD.323.1.4 7” Flat Monitor System
+
+0. DESCRIPTION
+
+Zone Defense is a leader in vehicle observation systems. Zone Defense introduces the Zone Defense Brand 7″ Monitor built tough for the demands of our commercial customers. With a new digital display, this monitor will deliver crisper images than our “SYS” models along with new touch panel control buttons for faster camera and menu selections. The monitor housing has the same rubberized coating that Zone Defense was first to bring to the market.
+
+2. SYSTEM FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS
+
+	MONITOR:
+		Display Device: 7” Color TFT-LCD with digital screen
+		Audio output: Max 1.5W
+		Loudspeaker: one 15x24mm round loudspeaker
+		Power supply: 10-32V
+		Power consumption: about 6W
+		Dot pitch: 0.192 (H) x 0.1805 (H)
+		Resolution: 800 (H) x 3 (RGB) x 480
+		Contrast: 500:1
+		Brightness: 400cd/m2
+		Viewing angle: U:50 / D:60, R/L:70
+		Operating temperature: -20° ~ +70°C, RH90%
+		Storage temperature: -30° ~ +80°C, RH90%
+		Wide angle view and high resolution display
+		Picture may be adjusted for Horizontal, Vertical, Mirror and Normal viewing
+		Select from 8 languages for user operation
+		Automatic backlighting for buttons
+		Scale can be adjusted for left, right, up or down
+		Up to 4 CAM inputs, 1 video output and 1 audio output
+		Onboard speaker, touch buttons, full function remote control
+		Automatically switches to back up, left, right or front camera views
+	1/3” COLOR CCD SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS (REAR)*:
+		With Audio and IR
+		TV system: NTSC
+		Effective pixels: 512 x 492 pixels
+		Sensing area: 4.9mm x 3.7mm
+		Resolution: 420TV lines
+		Minimum illumination: 0 Lux
+		BLC: Auto
+		Microphone: Yes
+		Video output: 1.0p-p, 75Ohm
+		AGC: Auto
+		White balance: Auto
+		S/N ratio: Better than 48dB
+		Electronic shutter: 1/60 ~ 1/10,000
+		Current consumption: Max 300mA
+		Power supply: DC12V
+		Lens: f=2.8mm/ F=2.0
+		Lens Angle: 120° diagonal
+		*This informations only applies to 
+		CAM.313.C, the camera included 
+		when a system is purchased.
+
+3. SYSTEM COMPONENTS
+	7” Flat Panel Monitor
+	I/F Remote
+	Infrared Color w/ Audio 
+	Rear Camera
+	U Bracket Monitor Mount 
+	w/ Adjustment Screws
+	Monitor Sun Shield
+	Center or Fan Mount
+	AV and Power Supply 
+	Adapter Cables
+	20-Meter Cable
+	MONITOR: A 5/8” hole is needed to pass the connector through the exterior wall. Be careful not to drill a hole so large that the grommet will not seal. Before drilling, make sure there are no obstacles in the way of the drill bit. Check to make sure wall thickness is suitable for weather proofing.
+	MONITOR OPERATIONS
+	1. Remote Signal Receiver Window
+	2. Power Indicator Light
+	3. Power Off/On Button
+	4. Brightness Increase Options Control Button
+	5. Brightness Decrease
+	6. Channel - (channel down)
+	7. Menu Control Button
+	8. SEL Switches between AV 1/ AV 2/ AV 3/ AV 4
+	9. Speaker
+
+	REMOTE OPERATIONS
+	PAL/ AUTO/ NTSC
+
+	MUTE (Mute): Press to select ENABLE/ MUTE sound.
+	POWER (Power switch): Press to turn on/ off the monitor.
+	(Horizontal turning of picture): Press to turn picture horizontally.
+	(Vertical turning of picture): Press to turn picture vertically.
+	CH+ (Channel selection +): Press to select channel/ item on menu.
+	CH- (Channel selection -):	Press to select channel/ item on menu.
+	Press to decrease brightness.
+	Press to increase brightness.
+	MENU:
+	Press to show menu.
+	MODE (Picture mode):
+	Press to select different picture modes (PERSONAL/ STANDARD/ SOFT/
+	VIVID/ LIGHT).
+	CALL (Call): Press to display current channel.
+	TIMER:Press to set the timer to shut down the monitor (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, max 90 minutes).
+	LANG (Lanuage Selection): Press to select language display of ENGLISH/ FRENCH/ DUTCH/ ITALIAN PORTUGUESE/ SPANISH/ RUSSIAN/ or GERMAN options.
+	SYS: Press to select AUTO/ PAL/ NTSC.
+	SEL: Press to select AV Channels 
+
+	BASIC CONNECTIONS
+	Connection of AV conversion cables:
+	Hold the cable, align the side of jack marked with right-arrow on female 22pin connector 
+	with the male 22pin connector marked with left-arrow then plug in.
+	1. White 4pin male for Camera 1.
+	2. Blue 4pin male for Camera 2.
+	3. Brown 4pin male for Camera 3.
+	4. Green 4 pin male for Camera 4.
+	5. Single red wire to power supply of DC 10-32V.
+	6. Single black wire to GND.
+	7. Single brown wire to positive power wire of the back up light.
+	8. Single white wire to positive power wire of the left turn signal.
+	9. Single blue wire to positive power wire of the right turn signal. 
+	10. Single green wire to any other trigger control.
+	11. Yellow RCA for video output.
+	12. White RCA for audio output.
+	1. 4pin male for Camera 1/ Camera 2/ Camera 3/ Camera 4.
+	2. Single red wire to positive ignition power supply of DC 10-32V.
+	3. Single black wire to GND.
+	4. Single brown wire to positive power wire of back up light, Camera 3.
+	5. Single white wire to positive power wire of left turn signal, Camera 1.
+	6. Single blue wire to positive power wire of right turn signal, Camera 2.
+	7. Single green wire to any other trigger control, Camera 4.
+	8. Yellow RCA female for video output.
+	9. White RCA female for audio output.
+
+	Reversing display:
+	When the white wire is connected to the positive wire of the left turn signal, the monitor automatically switches to CAM 1 (left side camera) when the left
+	turn indicator is activated.
+	When the blue wire is connected to the positive wire of the right turn signal, the monitor automatically switches to CAM 2 (right side camera) when the right turn indicator is activated.
+	When the brown wire is connected to the positive wire of the back up light, the monitor automatically switches to CAM 3 (back up camera) when the back up light is turned on. The distancing grid will 
+	also be displayed.
+	When the green wire is activated, the monitor automatically switches to CAM 4.
+	
+	MENU OPERATIONS
+	Press M to display the following options and 
+	settings:
+	1. PICTURE
+	2. OPTION
+	3. SYSTEM
+	4. AUTO SCAN
+
+	(1) PICTURE: BRIGHT, CONTRAST, COLOR, VOLUME, AUTO DIM and SCALE ADJUST options will display on the screen as illustrated below:
+	Press down-arrow to select BRIGHT.
+		PICTURE
+		BRIGHT
+		CONTRAST
+		COLOR  
+		VOLUME 
+		AUTO DIM 
+		SCALE ADJUST
+	Press +/- to adjust the BRIGHT level.
+	
+	Press down-arrow to select CONTRAST.
+		PICTURE
+		BRIGHT
+		CONTRAST
+		COLOR  
+		VOLUME 
+		AUTO DIM 
+		SCALE ADJUST
+	Press +/- to adjust the CONTRAST level. (COLOR and VOLUME adjust accordingly.)
+	
+	When auto dim is turned on in dark environment, OSD turns into dim mode for 
+	dim setting; when auto dim is turned on/off in bright environment, OSD display 
+	normal mode.
+	
+	Touch down-arrow  to select SCALE ADJUST.       
+	Exit menu and again touch to display the grid line.
+		 PICTURE
+		DIM BRIGHT
+		DIM CONTRAST
+		DIM COLOR 
+		VOLUME 
+		AUTO DIM 
+		SCALE ADJUST
+
+	Touch +/- to select up/down-arrow or left/right-arrow for scale adjustment. If up/down-arrow is selected, touch +/- to adjust the scale up/down. If up/down-arrow is elected, pres +/- to adjust the scale left/right.
+	
+	(2) OPTION
+	LANG, SCALE, CAM 1, CAM 2, CAM 3, CAM 4 options will display on the screen as 
+	illustrated below:
+	Press down-arrow to select LANG.
+		OPTION
+		LANG 
+		SCALE  
+		CAM 1   
+		CAM 2   
+		CAM 3   
+		CAM 4   
+	Press +/- to select ENGLISH/ DUTCH/ FRENCH/ PORTUGUESE/ SPANISH/ RUSSIAN/ GERMAN/ ITALIAN.
+	
+	Press down-arrrow to select SCALE.
+		OPTION
+		LANG 
+		SCALE  
+		CAM 1   
+		CAM 2   
+		CAM 3   
+		CAM 4   
+
+	Press +/- to select ON/OFF. Scale refers to the reversing distance indicator displayed on the monitor.
+	
+	Press down-arrow to select CAM 1.
+		OPTION
+		LANG 
+		SCALE  
+		CAM 1   
+		CAM 2   
+		CAM 3   
+		CAM 4   
+	
+	Press +/- to select NORMAL/MIRROR.
+	
+	(3) SYSTEM
+	The COLOR-SYS, BLUE BACK, HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL and ZOOM functions will display on the screen as illustrated below:
+	Press down-arrow to select COLOR-SYS.
+		SYSTEM
+		COLOR-SYS 
+		BLUE BACK 
+		HORIZONTAL
+		VERTICAL
+		ZOOM   
+	 Press +/- to select PAL/AUTO/NTSC.
+	 
+	Press down-arrow to select BLUE BACK.
+		SYSTEM
+		COLOR-SYS 
+		BLUE BACK 
+		HORIZONTAL
+		VERTICAL
+		ZOOM   
+	Press +/-  to select ON/OFF.
+	
+	Press down-arrowto select ZOOM.
+		SYSTEM
+		COLOR-SYS 
+		BLUE BACK 
+		HORIZONTAL
+		VERTICAL
+		ZOOM   
+	Press +/-  to select 16:9 or 4:3
+	
+	
+	(4) AUTO SCAN
+	AUTO SCAN, SCAN TIME, CAM 1, CAM 2, CAM 3, CAM 4 options display on the screen as illustrated below:
+	Touch down-arrow to SCAN TIME.
+	AUTO SCAN
+	AUTO SCAN 
+	SCAN TIME 
+	CAM 1   
+	CAM 2   
+	CAM 3   
+	CAM 4   
+	Touch +/- to select 1S ~ 90S.
+	
+	TECHNICAL SUPPORT/TROUBLE-SHOOTING
+	The following table data has 3 columns - SYMPTOM, CAUSE, and SOLUTION
+	SYMPTOM: Small/ unstable image; CAUSE: Monitor has improper voltage; SOLUTION: Check the voltage of power supply
+	SYMPTOM: Black image; CAUSE: Monitor has improper voltage; SOLUTION: Check fuse, check powercable, wires or connections(look for loose or broken wires)
+	SYMPTOM: White image; CAUSE: Monitor or camera; SOLUTION: Check main system cable.Make sure all connectors areconnected properly. If ok,check 4pin camera/ monitorcable
+	SYMPTOM: Blurred image; CAUSE: Dirty camera lens; SOLUTION: Clean camera lens
+	SYMPTOM: Engine noise or static lines; CAUSE: Monitor; SOLUTION: Check ground and +12V DC source
+	SYMPTOM: No image; CAUSE: No power or unplugged connector; SOLUTION: Check power and check for unplugged or broken camera cable
+	SYMPTOM: Upside down or lateral inverted picture; CAUSE: Not set to proper orientation.; SOLUTION: Use the remote contol horizon-tal/ vertical selection switch to correct.
+	
+	1. SAFETY INFORMATION
+	Before installing and operating, read manual. Congratulations on the purchase of your Zone Defense System. Zone Defense is a leader in vehicle observation systems. When properly installed and used, your ZD.323.1.4 is designed to provide you with years of trouble-free operation. This manual contains important information required to properly install and operate the unit. Please read this manual thoroughly before beginning. All Zone Defense products are strictly intended to be installed as a supplement and Zone Defense observation systems and/or products are not intented for use as substitutes for rear-view mirror devices, or for any other standard motor vehicle equipment required to be installed on vehicles by law. Zone Defense products contribute to 
+	substitute for proper defensive driving techniques, observance of traffic laws and and motor vehicle safety regulations.
+	WARNINGS!
+		Installation Location: It is unlawful in most jurisdictions for any person(s) to drive a motor vehicle equipped with a television viewer/screen located at any point forward of the back of the driver’s seat (or in any location that is visible, directly or indirectly), to the driver while operating the vehicle. The ZD.323.1.4 is designed to be used primarily as a rear observation device. In any installation where ZD.323.1.4 products are used to display television broadcasts or recorded video playback, installation location must adhere to local laws and regulations.
+	TAMPERING
+		To prevent electrical shock, DO NOT OPEN THE MONITOR CASE. There are potentially harmful voltages inside the monitor. There are no user serviceable parts inside any of the components of the Zone 
+		Defense products. If tampering is detected, the warranty will be considered void.
+
+	WARNING: Do not place heavy objects on cables or cover them with rugs or carpet. Do not place cables where they can be pinched or stepped on. Watching videos, broadcasts, DVD’s and/or any images other than from intended driving assistance cameras is prohibited.
+	CAUTION: To avoid damage to electronic circuit, disconnect power to the monitor while doing welding work to the vehicle and/or trailers. Never immerse any component in water, and do not employ spray  
+	cleaners. When cleaning, use damp lint-free cloth only. Connect this unit only to other compatible devices. Make sure all cables are connected properly; improper cable connections may damage the camera and the monitor.Cables should not be allowed to touch hot or rotating parts, such as an engine, a ventilator, etc. Do not locate the monitor near heat generating vents or devices. Turn off power to the monitor when connecting the camera. Monitors are not designed to be waterproof. Exposure to water, such as rain, may damage the unit. This symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance (servic-ing) instruction in the literature accompanying the appliance. This symbol is intended to alert the user not to place electronic equipment in the waste.
+	CAUTION: manual could void your warranty and necessitate expensive repairs.

source_documents/state_of_the_union.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,723 @@
+Madam Speaker, Madam Vice President, our First Lady and Second Gentleman. Members of Congress and the Cabinet. Justices of the Supreme Court. My fellow Americans.  
+
+Last year COVID-19 kept us apart. This year we are finally together again. 
+
+Tonight, we meet as Democrats Republicans and Independents. But most importantly as Americans. 
+
+With a duty to one another to the American people to the Constitution. 
+
+And with an unwavering resolve that freedom will always triumph over tyranny. 
+
+Six days ago, Russia’s Vladimir Putin sought to shake the foundations of the free world thinking he could make it bend to his menacing ways. But he badly miscalculated. 
+
+He thought he could roll into Ukraine and the world would roll over. Instead he met a wall of strength he never imagined. 
+
+He met the Ukrainian people. 
+
+From President Zelenskyy to every Ukrainian, their fearlessness, their courage, their determination, inspires the world. 
+
+Groups of citizens blocking tanks with their bodies. Everyone from students to retirees teachers turned soldiers defending their homeland. 
+
+In this struggle as President Zelenskyy said in his speech to the European Parliament “Light will win over darkness.” The Ukrainian Ambassador to the United States is here tonight. 
+
+Let each of us here tonight in this Chamber send an unmistakable signal to Ukraine and to the world. 
+
+Please rise if you are able and show that, Yes, we the United States of America stand with the Ukrainian people. 
+
+Throughout our history we’ve learned this lesson when dictators do not pay a price for their aggression they cause more chaos.   
+
+They keep moving.   
+
+And the costs and the threats to America and the world keep rising.   
+
+That’s why the NATO Alliance was created to secure peace and stability in Europe after World War 2. 
+
+The United States is a member along with 29 other nations. 
+
+It matters. American diplomacy matters. American resolve matters. 
+
+Putin’s latest attack on Ukraine was premeditated and unprovoked. 
+
+He rejected repeated efforts at diplomacy. 
+
+He thought the West and NATO wouldn’t respond. And he thought he could divide us at home. Putin was wrong. We were ready.  Here is what we did.   
+
+We prepared extensively and carefully. 
+
+We spent months building a coalition of other freedom-loving nations from Europe and the Americas to Asia and Africa to confront Putin. 
+
+I spent countless hours unifying our European allies. We shared with the world in advance what we knew Putin was planning and precisely how he would try to falsely justify his aggression.  
+
+We countered Russia’s lies with truth.   
+
+And now that he has acted the free world is holding him accountable. 
+
+Along with twenty-seven members of the European Union including France, Germany, Italy, as well as countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and many others, even Switzerland. 
+
+We are inflicting pain on Russia and supporting the people of Ukraine. Putin is now isolated from the world more than ever. 
+
+Together with our allies –we are right now enforcing powerful economic sanctions. 
+
+We are cutting off Russia’s largest banks from the international financial system.  
+
+Preventing Russia’s central bank from defending the Russian Ruble making Putin’s $630 Billion “war fund” worthless.   
+
+We are choking off Russia’s access to technology that will sap its economic strength and weaken its military for years to come.  
+
+Tonight I say to the Russian oligarchs and corrupt leaders who have bilked billions of dollars off this violent regime no more. 
+
+The U.S. Department of Justice is assembling a dedicated task force to go after the crimes of Russian oligarchs.  
+
+We are joining with our European allies to find and seize your yachts your luxury apartments your private jets. We are coming for your ill-begotten gains. 
+
+And tonight I am announcing that we will join our allies in closing off American air space to all Russian flights – further isolating Russia – and adding an additional squeeze –on their economy. The Ruble has lost 30% of its value. 
+
+The Russian stock market has lost 40% of its value and trading remains suspended. Russia’s economy is reeling and Putin alone is to blame. 
+
+Together with our allies we are providing support to the Ukrainians in their fight for freedom. Military assistance. Economic assistance. Humanitarian assistance. 
+
+We are giving more than $1 Billion in direct assistance to Ukraine. 
+
+And we will continue to aid the Ukrainian people as they defend their country and to help ease their suffering.  
+
+Let me be clear, our forces are not engaged and will not engage in conflict with Russian forces in Ukraine.  
+
+Our forces are not going to Europe to fight in Ukraine, but to defend our NATO Allies – in the event that Putin decides to keep moving west.  
+
+For that purpose we’ve mobilized American ground forces, air squadrons, and ship deployments to protect NATO countries including Poland, Romania, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. 
+
+As I have made crystal clear the United States and our Allies will defend every inch of territory of NATO countries with the full force of our collective power.  
+
+And we remain clear-eyed. The Ukrainians are fighting back with pure courage. But the next few days weeks, months, will be hard on them.  
+
+Putin has unleashed violence and chaos.  But while he may make gains on the battlefield – he will pay a continuing high price over the long run. 
+
+And a proud Ukrainian people, who have known 30 years  of independence, have repeatedly shown that they will not tolerate anyone who tries to take their country backwards.  
+
+To all Americans, I will be honest with you, as I’ve always promised. A Russian dictator, invading a foreign country, has costs around the world. 
+
+And I’m taking robust action to make sure the pain of our sanctions  is targeted at Russia’s economy. And I will use every tool at our disposal to protect American businesses and consumers. 
+
+Tonight, I can announce that the United States has worked with 30 other countries to release 60 Million barrels of oil from reserves around the world.  
+
+America will lead that effort, releasing 30 Million barrels from our own Strategic Petroleum Reserve. And we stand ready to do more if necessary, unified with our allies.  
+
+These steps will help blunt gas prices here at home. And I know the news about what’s happening can seem alarming. 
+
+But I want you to know that we are going to be okay. 
+
+When the history of this era is written Putin’s war on Ukraine will have left Russia weaker and the rest of the world stronger. 
+
+While it shouldn’t have taken something so terrible for people around the world to see what’s at stake now everyone sees it clearly. 
+
+We see the unity among leaders of nations and a more unified Europe a more unified West. And we see unity among the people who are gathering in cities in large crowds around the world even in Russia to demonstrate their support for Ukraine.  
+
+In the battle between democracy and autocracy, democracies are rising to the moment, and the world is clearly choosing the side of peace and security. 
+
+This is a real test. It’s going to take time. So let us continue to draw inspiration from the iron will of the Ukrainian people. 
+
+To our fellow Ukrainian Americans who forge a deep bond that connects our two nations we stand with you. 
+
+Putin may circle Kyiv with tanks, but he will never gain the hearts and souls of the Ukrainian people. 
+
+He will never extinguish their love of freedom. He will never weaken the resolve of the free world. 
+
+We meet tonight in an America that has lived through two of the hardest years this nation has ever faced. 
+
+The pandemic has been punishing. 
+
+And so many families are living paycheck to paycheck, struggling to keep up with the rising cost of food, gas, housing, and so much more. 
+
+I understand. 
+
+I remember when my Dad had to leave our home in Scranton, Pennsylvania to find work. I grew up in a family where if the price of food went up, you felt it. 
+
+That’s why one of the first things I did as President was fight to pass the American Rescue Plan.  
+
+Because people were hurting. We needed to act, and we did. 
+
+Few pieces of legislation have done more in a critical moment in our history to lift us out of crisis. 
+
+It fueled our efforts to vaccinate the nation and combat COVID-19. It delivered immediate economic relief for tens of millions of Americans.  
+
+Helped put food on their table, keep a roof over their heads, and cut the cost of health insurance. 
+
+And as my Dad used to say, it gave people a little breathing room. 
+
+And unlike the $2 Trillion tax cut passed in the previous administration that benefitted the top 1% of Americans, the American Rescue Plan helped working people—and left no one behind. 
+
+And it worked. It created jobs. Lots of jobs. 
+
+In fact—our economy created over 6.5 Million new jobs just last year, more jobs created in one year  
+than ever before in the history of America. 
+
+Our economy grew at a rate of 5.7% last year, the strongest growth in nearly 40 years, the first step in bringing fundamental change to an economy that hasn’t worked for the working people of this nation for too long.  
+
+For the past 40 years we were told that if we gave tax breaks to those at the very top, the benefits would trickle down to everyone else. 
+
+But that trickle-down theory led to weaker economic growth, lower wages, bigger deficits, and the widest gap between those at the top and everyone else in nearly a century. 
+
+Vice President Harris and I ran for office with a new economic vision for America. 
+
+Invest in America. Educate Americans. Grow the workforce. Build the economy from the bottom up  
+and the middle out, not from the top down.  
+
+Because we know that when the middle class grows, the poor have a ladder up and the wealthy do very well. 
+
+America used to have the best roads, bridges, and airports on Earth. 
+
+Now our infrastructure is ranked 13th in the world. 
+
+We won’t be able to compete for the jobs of the 21st Century if we don’t fix that. 
+
+That’s why it was so important to pass the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law—the most sweeping investment to rebuild America in history. 
+
+This was a bipartisan effort, and I want to thank the members of both parties who worked to make it happen. 
+
+We’re done talking about infrastructure weeks. 
+
+We’re going to have an infrastructure decade. 
+
+It is going to transform America and put us on a path to win the economic competition of the 21st Century that we face with the rest of the world—particularly with China.  
+
+As I’ve told Xi Jinping, it is never a good bet to bet against the American people. 
+
+We’ll create good jobs for millions of Americans, modernizing roads, airports, ports, and waterways all across America. 
+
+And we’ll do it all to withstand the devastating effects of the climate crisis and promote environmental justice. 
+
+We’ll build a national network of 500,000 electric vehicle charging stations, begin to replace poisonous lead pipes—so every child—and every American—has clean water to drink at home and at school, provide affordable high-speed internet for every American—urban, suburban, rural, and tribal communities. 
+
+4,000 projects have already been announced. 
+
+And tonight, I’m announcing that this year we will start fixing over 65,000 miles of highway and 1,500 bridges in disrepair. 
+
+When we use taxpayer dollars to rebuild America – we are going to Buy American: buy American products to support American jobs. 
+
+The federal government spends about $600 Billion a year to keep the country safe and secure. 
+
+There’s been a law on the books for almost a century 
+to make sure taxpayers’ dollars support American jobs and businesses. 
+
+Every Administration says they’ll do it, but we are actually doing it. 
+
+We will buy American to make sure everything from the deck of an aircraft carrier to the steel on highway guardrails are made in America. 
+
+But to compete for the best jobs of the future, we also need to level the playing field with China and other competitors. 
+
+That’s why it is so important to pass the Bipartisan Innovation Act sitting in Congress that will make record investments in emerging technologies and American manufacturing. 
+
+Let me give you one example of why it’s so important to pass it. 
+
+If you travel 20 miles east of Columbus, Ohio, you’ll find 1,000 empty acres of land. 
+
+It won’t look like much, but if you stop and look closely, you’ll see a “Field of dreams,” the ground on which America’s future will be built. 
+
+This is where Intel, the American company that helped build Silicon Valley, is going to build its $20 billion semiconductor “mega site”. 
+
+Up to eight state-of-the-art factories in one place. 10,000 new good-paying jobs. 
+
+Some of the most sophisticated manufacturing in the world to make computer chips the size of a fingertip that power the world and our everyday lives. 
+
+Smartphones. The Internet. Technology we have yet to invent. 
+
+But that’s just the beginning. 
+
+Intel’s CEO, Pat Gelsinger, who is here tonight, told me they are ready to increase their investment from  
+$20 billion to $100 billion. 
+
+That would be one of the biggest investments in manufacturing in American history. 
+
+And all they’re waiting for is for you to pass this bill. 
+
+So let’s not wait any longer. Send it to my desk. I’ll sign it.  
+
+And we will really take off. 
+
+And Intel is not alone. 
+
+There’s something happening in America. 
+
+Just look around and you’ll see an amazing story. 
+
+The rebirth of the pride that comes from stamping products “Made In America.” The revitalization of American manufacturing.   
+
+Companies are choosing to build new factories here, when just a few years ago, they would have built them overseas. 
+
+That’s what is happening. Ford is investing $11 billion to build electric vehicles, creating 11,000 jobs across the country. 
+
+GM is making the largest investment in its history—$7 billion to build electric vehicles, creating 4,000 jobs in Michigan. 
+
+All told, we created 369,000 new manufacturing jobs in America just last year. 
+
+Powered by people I’ve met like JoJo Burgess, from generations of union steelworkers from Pittsburgh, who’s here with us tonight. 
+
+As Ohio Senator Sherrod Brown says, “It’s time to bury the label “Rust Belt.” 
+
+It’s time. 
+
+But with all the bright spots in our economy, record job growth and higher wages, too many families are struggling to keep up with the bills.  
+
+Inflation is robbing them of the gains they might otherwise feel. 
+
+I get it. That’s why my top priority is getting prices under control. 
+
+Look, our economy roared back faster than most predicted, but the pandemic meant that businesses had a hard time hiring enough workers to keep up production in their factories. 
+
+The pandemic also disrupted global supply chains. 
+
+When factories close, it takes longer to make goods and get them from the warehouse to the store, and prices go up. 
+
+Look at cars. 
+
+Last year, there weren’t enough semiconductors to make all the cars that people wanted to buy. 
+
+And guess what, prices of automobiles went up. 
+
+So—we have a choice. 
+
+One way to fight inflation is to drive down wages and make Americans poorer.  
+
+I have a better plan to fight inflation. 
+
+Lower your costs, not your wages. 
+
+Make more cars and semiconductors in America. 
+
+More infrastructure and innovation in America. 
+
+More goods moving faster and cheaper in America. 
+
+More jobs where you can earn a good living in America. 
+
+And instead of relying on foreign supply chains, let’s make it in America. 
+
+Economists call it “increasing the productive capacity of our economy.” 
+
+I call it building a better America. 
+
+My plan to fight inflation will lower your costs and lower the deficit. 
+
+17 Nobel laureates in economics say my plan will ease long-term inflationary pressures. Top business leaders and most Americans support my plan. And here’s the plan: 
+
+First – cut the cost of prescription drugs. Just look at insulin. One in ten Americans has diabetes. In Virginia, I met a 13-year-old boy named Joshua Davis.  
+
+He and his Dad both have Type 1 diabetes, which means they need insulin every day. Insulin costs about $10 a vial to make.  
+
+But drug companies charge families like Joshua and his Dad up to 30 times more. I spoke with Joshua’s mom. 
+
+Imagine what it’s like to look at your child who needs insulin and have no idea how you’re going to pay for it.  
+
+What it does to your dignity, your ability to look your child in the eye, to be the parent you expect to be. 
+
+Joshua is here with us tonight. Yesterday was his birthday. Happy birthday, buddy.  
+
+For Joshua, and for the 200,000 other young people with Type 1 diabetes, let’s cap the cost of insulin at $35 a month so everyone can afford it.  
+
+Drug companies will still do very well. And while we’re at it let Medicare negotiate lower prices for prescription drugs, like the VA already does. 
+
+Look, the American Rescue Plan is helping millions of families on Affordable Care Act plans save $2,400 a year on their health care premiums. Let’s close the coverage gap and make those savings permanent. 
+
+Second – cut energy costs for families an average of $500 a year by combatting climate change.  
+
+Let’s provide investments and tax credits to weatherize your homes and businesses to be energy efficient and you get a tax credit; double America’s clean energy production in solar, wind, and so much more;  lower the price of electric vehicles, saving you another $80 a month because you’ll never have to pay at the gas pump again. 
+
+Third – cut the cost of child care. Many families pay up to $14,000 a year for child care per child.  
+
+Middle-class and working families shouldn’t have to pay more than 7% of their income for care of young children.  
+
+My plan will cut the cost in half for most families and help parents, including millions of women, who left the workforce during the pandemic because they couldn’t afford child care, to be able to get back to work. 
+
+My plan doesn’t stop there. It also includes home and long-term care. More affordable housing. And Pre-K for every 3- and 4-year-old.  
+
+All of these will lower costs. 
+
+And under my plan, nobody earning less than $400,000 a year will pay an additional penny in new taxes. Nobody.  
+
+The one thing all Americans agree on is that the tax system is not fair. We have to fix it.  
+
+I’m not looking to punish anyone. But let’s make sure corporations and the wealthiest Americans start paying their fair share. 
+
+Just last year, 55 Fortune 500 corporations earned $40 billion in profits and paid zero dollars in federal income tax.  
+
+That’s simply not fair. That’s why I’ve proposed a 15% minimum tax rate for corporations. 
+
+We got more than 130 countries to agree on a global minimum tax rate so companies can’t get out of paying their taxes at home by shipping jobs and factories overseas. 
+
+That’s why I’ve proposed closing loopholes so the very wealthy don’t pay a lower tax rate than a teacher or a firefighter.  
+
+So that’s my plan. It will grow the economy and lower costs for families. 
+
+So what are we waiting for? Let’s get this done. And while you’re at it, confirm my nominees to the Federal Reserve, which plays a critical role in fighting inflation.  
+
+My plan will not only lower costs to give families a fair shot, it will lower the deficit. 
+
+The previous Administration not only ballooned the deficit with tax cuts for the very wealthy and corporations, it undermined the watchdogs whose job was to keep pandemic relief funds from being wasted. 
+
+But in my administration, the watchdogs have been welcomed back. 
+
+We’re going after the criminals who stole billions in relief money meant for small businesses and millions of Americans.  
+
+And tonight, I’m announcing that the Justice Department will name a chief prosecutor for pandemic fraud. 
+
+By the end of this year, the deficit will be down to less than half what it was before I took office.  
+
+The only president ever to cut the deficit by more than one trillion dollars in a single year. 
+
+Lowering your costs also means demanding more competition. 
+
+I’m a capitalist, but capitalism without competition isn’t capitalism. 
+
+It’s exploitation—and it drives up prices. 
+
+When corporations don’t have to compete, their profits go up, your prices go up, and small businesses and family farmers and ranchers go under. 
+
+We see it happening with ocean carriers moving goods in and out of America. 
+
+During the pandemic, these foreign-owned companies raised prices by as much as 1,000% and made record profits. 
+
+Tonight, I’m announcing a crackdown on these companies overcharging American businesses and consumers. 
+
+And as Wall Street firms take over more nursing homes, quality in those homes has gone down and costs have gone up.  
+
+That ends on my watch. 
+
+Medicare is going to set higher standards for nursing homes and make sure your loved ones get the care they deserve and expect. 
+
+We’ll also cut costs and keep the economy going strong by giving workers a fair shot, provide more training and apprenticeships, hire them based on their skills not degrees. 
+
+Let’s pass the Paycheck Fairness Act and paid leave.  
+
+Raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour and extend the Child Tax Credit, so no one has to raise a family in poverty. 
+
+Let’s increase Pell Grants and increase our historic support of HBCUs, and invest in what Jill—our First Lady who teaches full-time—calls America’s best-kept secret: community colleges. 
+
+And let’s pass the PRO Act when a majority of workers want to form a union—they shouldn’t be stopped.  
+
+When we invest in our workers, when we build the economy from the bottom up and the middle out together, we can do something we haven’t done in a long time: build a better America. 
+
+For more than two years, COVID-19 has impacted every decision in our lives and the life of the nation. 
+
+And I know you’re tired, frustrated, and exhausted. 
+
+But I also know this. 
+
+Because of the progress we’ve made, because of your resilience and the tools we have, tonight I can say  
+we are moving forward safely, back to more normal routines.  
+
+We’ve reached a new moment in the fight against COVID-19, with severe cases down to a level not seen since last July.  
+
+Just a few days ago, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—the CDC—issued new mask guidelines. 
+
+Under these new guidelines, most Americans in most of the country can now be mask free.   
+
+And based on the projections, more of the country will reach that point across the next couple of weeks. 
+
+Thanks to the progress we have made this past year, COVID-19 need no longer control our lives.  
+
+I know some are talking about “living with COVID-19”. Tonight – I say that we will never just accept living with COVID-19. 
+
+We will continue to combat the virus as we do other diseases. And because this is a virus that mutates and spreads, we will stay on guard. 
+
+Here are four common sense steps as we move forward safely.  
+
+First, stay protected with vaccines and treatments. We know how incredibly effective vaccines are. If you’re vaccinated and boosted you have the highest degree of protection. 
+
+We will never give up on vaccinating more Americans. Now, I know parents with kids under 5 are eager to see a vaccine authorized for their children. 
+
+The scientists are working hard to get that done and we’ll be ready with plenty of vaccines when they do. 
+
+We’re also ready with anti-viral treatments. If you get COVID-19, the Pfizer pill reduces your chances of ending up in the hospital by 90%.  
+
+We’ve ordered more of these pills than anyone in the world. And Pfizer is working overtime to get us 1 Million pills this month and more than double that next month.  
+
+And we’re launching the “Test to Treat” initiative so people can get tested at a pharmacy, and if they’re positive, receive antiviral pills on the spot at no cost.  
+
+If you’re immunocompromised or have some other vulnerability, we have treatments and free high-quality masks. 
+
+We’re leaving no one behind or ignoring anyone’s needs as we move forward. 
+
+And on testing, we have made hundreds of millions of tests available for you to order for free.   
+
+Even if you already ordered free tests tonight, I am announcing that you can order more from covidtests.gov starting next week. 
+
+Second – we must prepare for new variants. Over the past year, we’ve gotten much better at detecting new variants. 
+
+If necessary, we’ll be able to deploy new vaccines within 100 days instead of many more months or years.  
+
+And, if Congress provides the funds we need, we’ll have new stockpiles of tests, masks, and pills ready if needed. 
+
+I cannot promise a new variant won’t come. But I can promise you we’ll do everything within our power to be ready if it does.  
+
+Third – we can end the shutdown of schools and businesses. We have the tools we need. 
+
+It’s time for Americans to get back to work and fill our great downtowns again.  People working from home can feel safe to begin to return to the office.   
+
+We’re doing that here in the federal government. The vast majority of federal workers will once again work in person. 
+
+Our schools are open. Let’s keep it that way. Our kids need to be in school. 
+
+And with 75% of adult Americans fully vaccinated and hospitalizations down by 77%, most Americans can remove their masks, return to work, stay in the classroom, and move forward safely. 
+
+We achieved this because we provided free vaccines, treatments, tests, and masks. 
+
+Of course, continuing this costs money. 
+
+I will soon send Congress a request. 
+
+The vast majority of Americans have used these tools and may want to again, so I expect Congress to pass it quickly.   
+
+Fourth, we will continue vaccinating the world.     
+
+We’ve sent 475 Million vaccine doses to 112 countries, more than any other nation. 
+
+And we won’t stop. 
+
+We have lost so much to COVID-19. Time with one another. And worst of all, so much loss of life. 
+
+Let’s use this moment to reset. Let’s stop looking at COVID-19 as a partisan dividing line and see it for what it is: A God-awful disease.  
+
+Let’s stop seeing each other as enemies, and start seeing each other for who we really are: Fellow Americans.  
+
+We can’t change how divided we’ve been. But we can change how we move forward—on COVID-19 and other issues we must face together. 
+
+I recently visited the New York City Police Department days after the funerals of Officer Wilbert Mora and his partner, Officer Jason Rivera. 
+
+They were responding to a 9-1-1 call when a man shot and killed them with a stolen gun. 
+
+Officer Mora was 27 years old. 
+
+Officer Rivera was 22. 
+
+Both Dominican Americans who’d grown up on the same streets they later chose to patrol as police officers. 
+
+I spoke with their families and told them that we are forever in debt for their sacrifice, and we will carry on their mission to restore the trust and safety every community deserves. 
+
+I’ve worked on these issues a long time. 
+
+I know what works: Investing in crime preventionand community police officers who’ll walk the beat, who’ll know the neighborhood, and who can restore trust and safety. 
+
+So let’s not abandon our streets. Or choose between safety and equal justice. 
+
+Let’s come together to protect our communities, restore trust, and hold law enforcement accountable. 
+
+That’s why the Justice Department required body cameras, banned chokeholds, and restricted no-knock warrants for its officers. 
+
+That’s why the American Rescue Plan provided $350 Billion that cities, states, and counties can use to hire more police and invest in proven strategies like community violence interruption—trusted messengers breaking the cycle of violence and trauma and giving young people hope.  
+
+We should all agree: The answer is not to Defund the police. The answer is to FUND the police with the resources and training they need to protect our communities. 
+
+I ask Democrats and Republicans alike: Pass my budget and keep our neighborhoods safe.  
+
+And I will keep doing everything in my power to crack down on gun trafficking and ghost guns you can buy online and make at home—they have no serial numbers and can’t be traced. 
+
+And I ask Congress to pass proven measures to reduce gun violence. Pass universal background checks. Why should anyone on a terrorist list be able to purchase a weapon? 
+
+Ban assault weapons and high-capacity magazines. 
+
+Repeal the liability shield that makes gun manufacturers the only industry in America that can’t be sued. 
+
+These laws don’t infringe on the Second Amendment. They save lives. 
+
+The most fundamental right in America is the right to vote – and to have it counted. And it’s under assault. 
+
+In state after state, new laws have been passed, not only to suppress the vote, but to subvert entire elections. 
+
+We cannot let this happen. 
+
+Tonight. I call on the Senate to: Pass the Freedom to Vote Act. Pass the John Lewis Voting Rights Act. And while you’re at it, pass the Disclose Act so Americans can know who is funding our elections. 
+
+Tonight, I’d like to honor someone who has dedicated his life to serve this country: Justice Stephen Breyer—an Army veteran, Constitutional scholar, and retiring Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Justice Breyer, thank you for your service. 
+
+One of the most serious constitutional responsibilities a President has is nominating someone to serve on the United States Supreme Court. 
+
+And I did that 4 days ago, when I nominated Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson. One of our nation’s top legal minds, who will continue Justice Breyer’s legacy of excellence. 
+
+A former top litigator in private practice. A former federal public defender. And from a family of public school educators and police officers. A consensus builder. Since she’s been nominated, she’s received a broad range of support—from the Fraternal Order of Police to former judges appointed by Democrats and Republicans. 
+
+And if we are to advance liberty and justice, we need to secure the Border and fix the immigration system. 
+
+We can do both. At our border, we’ve installed new technology like cutting-edge scanners to better detect drug smuggling.  
+
+We’ve set up joint patrols with Mexico and Guatemala to catch more human traffickers.  
+
+We’re putting in place dedicated immigration judges so families fleeing persecution and violence can have their cases heard faster. 
+
+We’re securing commitments and supporting partners in South and Central America to host more refugees and secure their own borders. 
+
+We can do all this while keeping lit the torch of liberty that has led generations of immigrants to this land—my forefathers and so many of yours. 
+
+Provide a pathway to citizenship for Dreamers, those on temporary status, farm workers, and essential workers. 
+
+Revise our laws so businesses have the workers they need and families don’t wait decades to reunite. 
+
+It’s not only the right thing to do—it’s the economically smart thing to do. 
+
+That’s why immigration reform is supported by everyone from labor unions to religious leaders to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. 
+
+Let’s get it done once and for all. 
+
+Advancing liberty and justice also requires protecting the rights of women. 
+
+The constitutional right affirmed in Roe v. Wade—standing precedent for half a century—is under attack as never before. 
+
+If we want to go forward—not backward—we must protect access to health care. Preserve a woman’s right to choose. And let’s continue to advance maternal health care in America. 
+
+And for our LGBTQ+ Americans, let’s finally get the bipartisan Equality Act to my desk. The onslaught of state laws targeting transgender Americans and their families is wrong. 
+
+As I said last year, especially to our younger transgender Americans, I will always have your back as your President, so you can be yourself and reach your God-given potential. 
+
+While it often appears that we never agree, that isn’t true. I signed 80 bipartisan bills into law last year. From preventing government shutdowns to protecting Asian-Americans from still-too-common hate crimes to reforming military justice. 
+
+And soon, we’ll strengthen the Violence Against Women Act that I first wrote three decades ago. It is important for us to show the nation that we can come together and do big things. 
+
+So tonight I’m offering a Unity Agenda for the Nation. Four big things we can do together.  
+
+First, beat the opioid epidemic. 
+
+There is so much we can do. Increase funding for prevention, treatment, harm reduction, and recovery.  
+
+Get rid of outdated rules that stop doctors from prescribing treatments. And stop the flow of illicit drugs by working with state and local law enforcement to go after traffickers. 
+
+If you’re suffering from addiction, know you are not alone. I believe in recovery, and I celebrate the 23 million Americans in recovery. 
+
+Second, let’s take on mental health. Especially among our children, whose lives and education have been turned upside down.  
+
+The American Rescue Plan gave schools money to hire teachers and help students make up for lost learning.  
+
+I urge every parent to make sure your school does just that. And we can all play a part—sign up to be a tutor or a mentor. 
+
+Children were also struggling before the pandemic. Bullying, violence, trauma, and the harms of social media. 
+
+As Frances Haugen, who is here with us tonight, has shown, we must hold social media platforms accountable for the national experiment they’re conducting on our children for profit. 
+
+It’s time to strengthen privacy protections, ban targeted advertising to children, demand tech companies stop collecting personal data on our children. 
+
+And let’s get all Americans the mental health services they need. More people they can turn to for help, and full parity between physical and mental health care. 
+
+Third, support our veterans. 
+
+Veterans are the best of us. 
+
+I’ve always believed that we have a sacred obligation to equip all those we send to war and care for them and their families when they come home. 
+
+My administration is providing assistance with job training and housing, and now helping lower-income veterans get VA care debt-free.  
+
+Our troops in Iraq and Afghanistan faced many dangers. 
+
+One was stationed at bases and breathing in toxic smoke from “burn pits” that incinerated wastes of war—medical and hazard material, jet fuel, and more. 
+
+When they came home, many of the world’s fittest and best trained warriors were never the same. 
+
+Headaches. Numbness. Dizziness. 
+
+A cancer that would put them in a flag-draped coffin. 
+
+I know. 
+
+One of those soldiers was my son Major Beau Biden. 
+
+We don’t know for sure if a burn pit was the cause of his brain cancer, or the diseases of so many of our troops. 
+
+But I’m committed to finding out everything we can. 
+
+Committed to military families like Danielle Robinson from Ohio. 
+
+The widow of Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson.  
+
+He was born a soldier. Army National Guard. Combat medic in Kosovo and Iraq. 
+
+Stationed near Baghdad, just yards from burn pits the size of football fields. 
+
+Heath’s widow Danielle is here with us tonight. They loved going to Ohio State football games. He loved building Legos with their daughter. 
+
+But cancer from prolonged exposure to burn pits ravaged Heath’s lungs and body. 
+
+Danielle says Heath was a fighter to the very end. 
+
+He didn’t know how to stop fighting, and neither did she. 
+
+Through her pain she found purpose to demand we do better. 
+
+Tonight, Danielle—we are. 
+
+The VA is pioneering new ways of linking toxic exposures to diseases, already helping more veterans get benefits. 
+
+And tonight, I’m announcing we’re expanding eligibility to veterans suffering from nine respiratory cancers. 
+
+I’m also calling on Congress: pass a law to make sure veterans devastated by toxic exposures in Iraq and Afghanistan finally get the benefits and comprehensive health care they deserve. 
+
+And fourth, let’s end cancer as we know it. 
+
+This is personal to me and Jill, to Kamala, and to so many of you. 
+
+Cancer is the #2 cause of death in America–second only to heart disease. 
+
+Last month, I announced our plan to supercharge  
+the Cancer Moonshot that President Obama asked me to lead six years ago. 
+
+Our goal is to cut the cancer death rate by at least 50% over the next 25 years, turn more cancers from death sentences into treatable diseases.  
+
+More support for patients and families. 
+
+To get there, I call on Congress to fund ARPA-H, the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health. 
+
+It’s based on DARPA—the Defense Department project that led to the Internet, GPS, and so much more.  
+
+ARPA-H will have a singular purpose—to drive breakthroughs in cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, and more. 
+
+A unity agenda for the nation. 
+
+We can do this. 
+
+My fellow Americans—tonight , we have gathered in a sacred space—the citadel of our democracy. 
+
+In this Capitol, generation after generation, Americans have debated great questions amid great strife, and have done great things. 
+
+We have fought for freedom, expanded liberty, defeated totalitarianism and terror. 
+
+And built the strongest, freest, and most prosperous nation the world has ever known. 
+
+Now is the hour. 
+
+Our moment of responsibility. 
+
+Our test of resolve and conscience, of history itself. 
+
+It is in this moment that our character is formed. Our purpose is found. Our future is forged. 
+
+Well I know this nation.  
+
+We will meet the test. 
+
+To protect freedom and liberty, to expand fairness and opportunity. 
+
+We will save democracy. 
+
+As hard as these times have been, I am more optimistic about America today than I have been my whole life. 
+
+Because I see the future that is within our grasp. 
+
+Because I know there is simply nothing beyond our capacity. 
+
+We are the only nation on Earth that has always turned every crisis we have faced into an opportunity. 
+
+The only nation that can be defined by a single word: possibilities. 
+
+So on this night, in our 245th year as a nation, I have come to report on the State of the Union. 
+
+And my report is this: the State of the Union is strong—because you, the American people, are strong. 
+
+We are stronger today than we were a year ago. 
+
+And we will be stronger a year from now than we are today. 
+
+Now is our moment to meet and overcome the challenges of our time. 
+
+And we will, as one people. 
+
+One America. 
+
+The United States of America. 
+
+May God bless you all. May God protect our troops.