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<title>git-diff-index(1)</title> |
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</head> |
|
<body class="manpage"> |
|
<div id="header"> |
|
<h1>git-diff-index(1) Manual Page</h1> |
|
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<p>git-diff-index - Compare a tree to the working tree or index</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div id="content"> |
|
<div class="sect1"> |
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<div class="verseblock"> |
|
<pre class="content"><em>git diff-index</em> [-m] [--cached] [--merge-base] [<common-diff-options>] <tree-ish> [<path>…​]</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="sect1"> |
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Compares the content and mode of the blobs found in a tree object |
|
with the corresponding tracked files in the working tree, or with the |
|
corresponding paths in the index. When <path> arguments are present, |
|
compares only paths matching those patterns. Otherwise all tracked |
|
files are compared.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="sect1"> |
|
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<div class="dlist"> |
|
<dl> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-p</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-u</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--patch</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p> Generate patch (see section titled |
|
"Generating patch text with -p").</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-s</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-patch</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Suppress diff output. Useful for commands like <code>git show</code> that |
|
show the patch by default, or to cancel the effect of <code>--patch</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-U<n></dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--unified=<n></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of |
|
the usual three. |
|
Implies <code>--patch</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--output=<file></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Output to a specific file instead of stdout.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--output-indicator-new=<char></dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--output-indicator-old=<char></dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--output-indicator-context=<char></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Specify the character used to indicate new, old or context |
|
lines in the generated patch. Normally they are <em>+</em>, <em>-</em> and |
|
' ' respectively.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--raw</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Generate the diff in raw format. |
|
This is the default.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--patch-with-raw</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Synonym for <code>-p --raw</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--indent-heuristic</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Enable the heuristic that shifts diff hunk boundaries to make patches |
|
easier to read. This is the default.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-indent-heuristic</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Disable the indent heuristic.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--minimal</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible |
|
diff is produced.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--patience</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--histogram</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--anchored=<text></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm.</p> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>This option may be specified more than once.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once, |
|
and starts with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from |
|
appearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the "patience |
|
diff" algorithm internally.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:</p> |
|
<div class="openblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<div class="dlist"> |
|
<dl> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>default</code>, <code>myers</code></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>minimal</code></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is |
|
produced.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>patience</code></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>histogram</code></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support |
|
low-occurrence common elements".</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
</dl> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>For instance, if you configured the <code>diff.algorithm</code> variable to a |
|
non-default value and want to use the default one, then you |
|
have to use <code>--diff-algorithm=default</code> option.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary |
|
will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph |
|
part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns |
|
if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by |
|
<code><width></code>. The width of the filename part can be limited by |
|
giving another width <code><name-width></code> after a comma. The width |
|
of the graph part can be limited by using |
|
<code>--stat-graph-width=<width></code> (affects all commands generating |
|
a stat graph) or by setting <code>diff.statGraphWidth=<width></code> |
|
(does not affect <code>git format-patch</code>). |
|
By giving a third parameter <code><count></code>, you can limit the |
|
output to the first <code><count></code> lines, followed by <code>...</code> if |
|
there are more.</p> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>These parameters can also be set individually with <code>--stat-width=<width></code>, |
|
<code>--stat-name-width=<name-width></code> and <code>--stat-count=<count></code>.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--compact-summary</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Output a condensed summary of extended header information such |
|
as file creations or deletions ("new" or "gone", optionally "+l" |
|
if it’s a symlink) and mode changes ("+x" or "-x" for adding |
|
or removing executable bit respectively) in diffstat. The |
|
information is put between the filename part and the graph |
|
part. Implies <code>--stat</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--numstat</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Similar to <code>--stat</code>, but shows number of added and |
|
deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without |
|
abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For |
|
binary files, outputs two <code>-</code> instead of saying |
|
<code>0 0</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--shortstat</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Output only the last line of the <code>--stat</code> format containing total |
|
number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted |
|
lines.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-X[<param1,param2,…​>]</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--dirstat[=<param1,param2,…​>]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each |
|
sub-directory. The behavior of <code>--dirstat</code> can be customized by |
|
passing it a comma separated list of parameters. |
|
The defaults are controlled by the <code>diff.dirstat</code> configuration |
|
variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). |
|
The following parameters are available:</p> |
|
<div class="openblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<div class="dlist"> |
|
<dl> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>changes</code></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been |
|
removed from the source, or added to the destination. This ignores |
|
the amount of pure code movements within a file. In other words, |
|
rearranging lines in a file is not counted as much as other changes. |
|
This is the default behavior when no parameter is given.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>lines</code></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff |
|
analysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary |
|
files, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no |
|
natural concept of lines). This is a more expensive <code>--dirstat</code> |
|
behavior than the <code>changes</code> behavior, but it does count rearranged |
|
lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output |
|
is consistent with what you get from the other <code>--*stat</code> options.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>files</code></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed. |
|
Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is |
|
the computationally cheapest <code>--dirstat</code> behavior, since it does |
|
not have to look at the file contents at all.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>cumulative</code></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well. |
|
Note that when using <code>cumulative</code>, the sum of the percentages |
|
reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can |
|
be specified with the <code>noncumulative</code> parameter.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><limit></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default). |
|
Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes |
|
are not shown in the output.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
</dl> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring |
|
directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files, |
|
and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories: |
|
<code>--dirstat=files,10,cumulative</code>.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--cumulative</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Synonym for --dirstat=cumulative</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--dirstat-by-file[=<param1,param2>…​]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Synonym for --dirstat=files,param1,param2…​</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--summary</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Output a condensed summary of extended header information |
|
such as creations, renames and mode changes.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--patch-with-stat</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Synonym for <code>-p --stat</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-z</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>When <code>--raw</code>, <code>--numstat</code>, <code>--name-only</code> or <code>--name-status</code> has been |
|
given, do not munge pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.</p> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Without this option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as |
|
explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> (see |
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--name-only</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Show only names of changed files. The file names are often encoded in UTF-8. |
|
For more information see the discussion about encoding in the <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> |
|
manual page.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--name-status</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Show only names and status of changed files. See the description |
|
of the <code>--diff-filter</code> option on what the status letters mean. |
|
Just like <code>--name-only</code> the file names are often encoded in UTF-8.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--submodule[=<format>]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Specify how differences in submodules are shown. When specifying |
|
<code>--submodule=short</code> the <em>short</em> format is used. This format just |
|
shows the names of the commits at the beginning and end of the range. |
|
When <code>--submodule</code> or <code>--submodule=log</code> is specified, the <em>log</em> |
|
format is used. This format lists the commits in the range like |
|
<a href="git-submodule.html">git-submodule(1)</a> <code>summary</code> does. When <code>--submodule=diff</code> |
|
is specified, the <em>diff</em> format is used. This format shows an |
|
inline diff of the changes in the submodule contents between the |
|
commit range. Defaults to <code>diff.submodule</code> or the <em>short</em> format |
|
if the config option is unset.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--color[=<when>]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Show colored diff. |
|
<code>--color</code> (i.e. without <em>=<when></em>) is the same as <code>--color=always</code>. |
|
<em><when></em> can be one of <code>always</code>, <code>never</code>, or <code>auto</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-color</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Turn off colored diff. |
|
It is the same as <code>--color=never</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--color-moved[=<mode>]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Moved lines of code are colored differently. |
|
The <mode> defaults to <em>no</em> if the option is not given |
|
and to <em>zebra</em> if the option with no mode is given. |
|
The mode must be one of:</p> |
|
<div class="openblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<div class="dlist"> |
|
<dl> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">no</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Moved lines are not highlighted.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">default</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Is a synonym for <code>zebra</code>. This may change to a more sensible mode |
|
in the future.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">plain</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Any line that is added in one location and was removed |
|
in another location will be colored with <em>color.diff.newMoved</em>. |
|
Similarly <em>color.diff.oldMoved</em> will be used for removed lines |
|
that are added somewhere else in the diff. This mode picks up any |
|
moved line, but it is not very useful in a review to determine |
|
if a block of code was moved without permutation.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">blocks</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Blocks of moved text of at least 20 alphanumeric characters |
|
are detected greedily. The detected blocks are |
|
painted using either the <em>color.diff.{old,new}Moved</em> color. |
|
Adjacent blocks cannot be told apart.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">zebra</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Blocks of moved text are detected as in <em>blocks</em> mode. The blocks |
|
are painted using either the <em>color.diff.{old,new}Moved</em> color or |
|
<em>color.diff.{old,new}MovedAlternative</em>. The change between |
|
the two colors indicates that a new block was detected.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">dimmed-zebra</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Similar to <em>zebra</em>, but additional dimming of uninteresting parts |
|
of moved code is performed. The bordering lines of two adjacent |
|
blocks are considered interesting, the rest is uninteresting. |
|
<code>dimmed_zebra</code> is a deprecated synonym.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
</dl> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-color-moved</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Turn off move detection. This can be used to override configuration |
|
settings. It is the same as <code>--color-moved=no</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--color-moved-ws=<modes></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>This configures how whitespace is ignored when performing the |
|
move detection for <code>--color-moved</code>. |
|
These modes can be given as a comma separated list:</p> |
|
<div class="openblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<div class="dlist"> |
|
<dl> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">no</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Do not ignore whitespace when performing move detection.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">ignore-space-at-eol</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">ignore-space-change</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace |
|
at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or |
|
more whitespace characters to be equivalent.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">ignore-all-space</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores differences |
|
even if one line has whitespace where the other line has none.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">allow-indentation-change</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Initially ignore any whitespace in the move detection, then |
|
group the moved code blocks only into a block if the change in |
|
whitespace is the same per line. This is incompatible with the |
|
other modes.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
</dl> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-color-moved-ws</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Do not ignore whitespace when performing move detection. This can be |
|
used to override configuration settings. It is the same as |
|
<code>--color-moved-ws=no</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--word-diff[=<mode>]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Show a word diff, using the <mode> to delimit changed words. |
|
By default, words are delimited by whitespace; see |
|
<code>--word-diff-regex</code> below. The <mode> defaults to <em>plain</em>, and |
|
must be one of:</p> |
|
<div class="openblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<div class="dlist"> |
|
<dl> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">color</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Highlight changed words using only colors. Implies <code>--color</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">plain</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Show words as <code>[-removed-]</code> and <code>{+added+}</code>. Makes no |
|
attempts to escape the delimiters if they appear in the input, |
|
so the output may be ambiguous.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">porcelain</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Use a special line-based format intended for script |
|
consumption. Added/removed/unchanged runs are printed in the |
|
usual unified diff format, starting with a <code>+</code>/<code>-</code>/` ` |
|
character at the beginning of the line and extending to the |
|
end of the line. Newlines in the input are represented by a |
|
tilde <code>~</code> on a line of its own.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">none</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Disable word diff again.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
</dl> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Note that despite the name of the first mode, color is used to |
|
highlight the changed parts in all modes if enabled.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--word-diff-regex=<regex></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Use <regex> to decide what a word is, instead of considering |
|
runs of non-whitespace to be a word. Also implies |
|
<code>--word-diff</code> unless it was already enabled.</p> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Every non-overlapping match of the |
|
<regex> is considered a word. Anything between these matches is |
|
considered whitespace and ignored(!) for the purposes of finding |
|
differences. You may want to append <code>|[^[:space:]]</code> to your regular |
|
expression to make sure that it matches all non-whitespace characters. |
|
A match that contains a newline is silently truncated(!) at the |
|
newline.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>For example, <code>--word-diff-regex=.</code> will treat each character as a word |
|
and, correspondingly, show differences character by character.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see |
|
<a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> or <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. Giving it explicitly |
|
overrides any diff driver or configuration setting. Diff drivers |
|
override configuration settings.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--color-words[=<regex>]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Equivalent to <code>--word-diff=color</code> plus (if a regex was |
|
specified) <code>--word-diff-regex=<regex></code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-renames</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration |
|
file gives the default to do so.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]rename-empty</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Whether to use empty blobs as rename source.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--check</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Warn if changes introduce conflict markers or whitespace errors. |
|
What are considered whitespace errors is controlled by <code>core.whitespace</code> |
|
configuration. By default, trailing whitespaces (including |
|
lines that consist solely of whitespaces) and a space character |
|
that is immediately followed by a tab character inside the |
|
initial indent of the line are considered whitespace errors. |
|
Exits with non-zero status if problems are found. Not compatible |
|
with --exit-code.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ws-error-highlight=<kind></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Highlight whitespace errors in the <code>context</code>, <code>old</code> or <code>new</code> |
|
lines of the diff. Multiple values are separated by comma, |
|
<code>none</code> resets previous values, <code>default</code> reset the list to |
|
<code>new</code> and <code>all</code> is a shorthand for <code>old,new,context</code>. When |
|
this option is not given, and the configuration variable |
|
<code>diff.wsErrorHighlight</code> is not set, only whitespace errors in |
|
<code>new</code> lines are highlighted. The whitespace errors are colored |
|
with <code>color.diff.whitespace</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--full-index</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full |
|
pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index" |
|
line when generating patch format output.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--binary</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>In addition to <code>--full-index</code>, output a binary diff that |
|
can be applied with <code>git-apply</code>. |
|
Implies <code>--patch</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--abbrev[=<n>]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object |
|
name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header |
|
lines, show the shortest prefix that is at least <em><n></em> |
|
hexdigits long that uniquely refers the object. |
|
In diff-patch output format, <code>--full-index</code> takes higher |
|
precedence, i.e. if <code>--full-index</code> is specified, full blob |
|
names will be shown regardless of <code>--abbrev</code>. |
|
Non default number of digits can be specified with <code>--abbrev=<n></code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-B[<n>][/<m>]</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and |
|
create. This serves two purposes:</p> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file |
|
not as a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very |
|
few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a |
|
single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of |
|
everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B |
|
option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the |
|
original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total |
|
rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of |
|
deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the |
|
source of a rename (usually -M only considers a file that disappeared |
|
as the source of a rename), and the number <code>n</code> controls this aspect of |
|
the -B option (defaults to 50%). <code>-B20%</code> specifies that a change with |
|
addition and deletion compared to 20% or more of the file’s size are |
|
eligible for being picked up as a possible source of a rename to |
|
another file.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-M[<n>]</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--find-renames[=<n>]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Detect renames. |
|
If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity |
|
index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the |
|
file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a |
|
delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file |
|
hasn’t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as |
|
a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes |
|
0.5, and is thus the same as <code>-M50%</code>. Similarly, <code>-M05</code> is |
|
the same as <code>-M5%</code>. To limit detection to exact renames, use |
|
<code>-M100%</code>. The default similarity index is 50%.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-C[<n>]</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--find-copies[=<n>]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Detect copies as well as renames. See also <code>--find-copies-harder</code>. |
|
If <code>n</code> is specified, it has the same meaning as for <code>-M<n></code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--find-copies-harder</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>For performance reasons, by default, <code>-C</code> option finds copies only |
|
if the original file of the copy was modified in the same |
|
changeset. This flag makes the command |
|
inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of |
|
copy. This is a very expensive operation for large |
|
projects, so use it with caution. Giving more than one |
|
<code>-C</code> option has the same effect.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-D</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--irreversible-delete</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not |
|
the diff between the preimage and <code>/dev/null</code>. The resulting patch |
|
is not meant to be applied with <code>patch</code> or <code>git apply</code>; this is |
|
solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the |
|
text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lacks |
|
enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually, |
|
hence the name of the option.</p> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>When used together with <code>-B</code>, omit also the preimage in the deletion part |
|
of a delete/create pair.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-l<num></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>The <code>-M</code> and <code>-C</code> options involve some preliminary steps that |
|
can detect subsets of renames/copies cheaply, followed by an |
|
exhaustive fallback portion that compares all remaining |
|
unpaired destinations to all relevant sources. (For renames, |
|
only remaining unpaired sources are relevant; for copies, all |
|
original sources are relevant.) For N sources and |
|
destinations, this exhaustive check is O(N^2). This option |
|
prevents the exhaustive portion of rename/copy detection from |
|
running if the number of source/destination files involved |
|
exceeds the specified number. Defaults to diff.renameLimit. |
|
Note that a value of 0 is treated as unlimited.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--diff-filter=[(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)…​[*]]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Select only files that are Added (<code>A</code>), Copied (<code>C</code>), |
|
Deleted (<code>D</code>), Modified (<code>M</code>), Renamed (<code>R</code>), have their |
|
type (i.e. regular file, symlink, submodule, …​) changed (<code>T</code>), |
|
are Unmerged (<code>U</code>), are |
|
Unknown (<code>X</code>), or have had their pairing Broken (<code>B</code>). |
|
Any combination of the filter characters (including none) can be used. |
|
When <code>*</code> (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all |
|
paths are selected if there is any file that matches |
|
other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file |
|
that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.</p> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Also, these upper-case letters can be downcased to exclude. E.g. |
|
<code>--diff-filter=ad</code> excludes added and deleted paths.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Note that not all diffs can feature all types. For instance, copied and |
|
renamed entries cannot appear if detection for those types is disabled.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-S<string></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of |
|
the specified string (i.e. addition/deletion) in a file. |
|
Intended for the scripter’s use.</p> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>It is useful when you’re looking for an exact block of code (like a |
|
struct), and want to know the history of that block since it first |
|
came into being: use the feature iteratively to feed the interesting |
|
block in the preimage back into <code>-S</code>, and keep going until you get the |
|
very first version of the block.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Binary files are searched as well.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-G<regex></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Look for differences whose patch text contains added/removed |
|
lines that match <regex>.</p> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>To illustrate the difference between <code>-S<regex> --pickaxe-regex</code> and |
|
<code>-G<regex></code>, consider a commit with the following diff in the same |
|
file:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>+ return frotz(nitfol, two->ptr, 1, 0); |
|
... |
|
- hit = frotz(nitfol, mf2.ptr, 1, 0);</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>While <code>git log -G"frotz\(nitfol"</code> will show this commit, <code>git log |
|
-S"frotz\(nitfol" --pickaxe-regex</code> will not (because the number of |
|
occurrences of that string did not change).</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Unless <code>--text</code> is supplied patches of binary files without a textconv |
|
filter will be ignored.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>See the <em>pickaxe</em> entry in <a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a> for more |
|
information.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--find-object=<object-id></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of |
|
the specified object. Similar to <code>-S</code>, just the argument is different |
|
in that it doesn’t search for a specific string but for a specific |
|
object id.</p> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The object can be a blob or a submodule commit. It implies the <code>-t</code> option in |
|
<code>git-log</code> to also find trees.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--pickaxe-all</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>When <code>-S</code> or <code>-G</code> finds a change, show all the changes in that |
|
changeset, not just the files that contain the change |
|
in <string>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--pickaxe-regex</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Treat the <string> given to <code>-S</code> as an extended POSIX regular |
|
expression to match.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-O<orderfile></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Control the order in which files appear in the output. |
|
This overrides the <code>diff.orderFile</code> configuration variable |
|
(see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). To cancel <code>diff.orderFile</code>, |
|
use <code>-O/dev/null</code>.</p> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The output order is determined by the order of glob patterns in |
|
<orderfile>. |
|
All files with pathnames that match the first pattern are output |
|
first, all files with pathnames that match the second pattern (but not |
|
the first) are output next, and so on. |
|
All files with pathnames that do not match any pattern are output |
|
last, as if there was an implicit match-all pattern at the end of the |
|
file. |
|
If multiple pathnames have the same rank (they match the same pattern |
|
but no earlier patterns), their output order relative to each other is |
|
the normal order.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p><orderfile> is parsed as follows:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="openblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<div class="ulist"> |
|
<ul> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>Blank lines are ignored, so they can be used as separators for |
|
readability.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>Lines starting with a hash ("<code>#</code>") are ignored, so they can be used |
|
for comments. Add a backslash ("<code>\</code>") to the beginning of the |
|
pattern if it starts with a hash.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>Each other line contains a single pattern.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
</ul> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Patterns have the same syntax and semantics as patterns used for |
|
fnmatch(3) without the FNM_PATHNAME flag, except a pathname also |
|
matches a pattern if removing any number of the final pathname |
|
components matches the pattern. For example, the pattern "<code>foo*bar</code>" |
|
matches "<code>fooasdfbar</code>" and "<code>foo/bar/baz/asdf</code>" but not "<code>foobarx</code>".</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--skip-to=<file></dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--rotate-to=<file></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Discard the files before the named <file> from the output |
|
(i.e. <em>skip to</em>), or move them to the end of the output |
|
(i.e. <em>rotate to</em>). These were invented primarily for use |
|
of the <code>git difftool</code> command, and may not be very useful |
|
otherwise.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-R</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or |
|
on-disk file to tree contents.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--relative[=<path>]</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-relative</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>When run from a subdirectory of the project, it can be |
|
told to exclude changes outside the directory and show |
|
pathnames relative to it with this option. When you are |
|
not in a subdirectory (e.g. in a bare repository), you |
|
can name which subdirectory to make the output relative |
|
to by giving a <path> as an argument. |
|
<code>--no-relative</code> can be used to countermand both <code>diff.relative</code> config |
|
option and previous <code>--relative</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-a</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--text</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Treat all files as text.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-cr-at-eol</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Ignore carriage-return at the end of line when doing a comparison.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-space-at-eol</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-b</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-space-change</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace |
|
at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or |
|
more whitespace characters to be equivalent.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-w</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-all-space</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores |
|
differences even if one line has whitespace where the other |
|
line has none.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-blank-lines</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Ignore changes whose lines are all blank.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-I<regex></dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-matching-lines=<regex></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Ignore changes whose all lines match <regex>. This option may |
|
be specified more than once.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--inter-hunk-context=<lines></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number |
|
of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other. |
|
Defaults to <code>diff.interHunkContext</code> or 0 if the config option |
|
is unset.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-W</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--function-context</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Show whole function as context lines for each change. |
|
The function names are determined in the same way as |
|
<code>git diff</code> works out patch hunk headers (see <em>Defining a |
|
custom hunk-header</em> in <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>).</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--exit-code</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Make the program exit with codes similar to diff(1). |
|
That is, it exits with 1 if there were differences and |
|
0 means no differences.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Disable all output of the program. Implies <code>--exit-code</code>.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ext-diff</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an |
|
external diff driver with <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>, you need |
|
to use this option with <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> and friends.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-ext-diff</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Disallow external diff drivers.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--textconv</dt> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-textconv</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Allow (or disallow) external text conversion filters to be run |
|
when comparing binary files. See <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> for |
|
details. Because textconv filters are typically a one-way |
|
conversion, the resulting diff is suitable for human |
|
consumption, but cannot be applied. For this reason, textconv |
|
filters are enabled by default only for <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> and |
|
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>, but not for <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> or |
|
diff plumbing commands.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-submodules[=<when>]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be |
|
either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default. |
|
Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains |
|
untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded |
|
in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the |
|
<em>ignore</em> option in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> or <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>. When |
|
"untracked" is used submodules are not considered dirty when they only |
|
contain untracked content (but they are still scanned for modified |
|
content). Using "dirty" ignores all changes to the work tree of submodules, |
|
only changes to the commits stored in the superproject are shown (this was |
|
the behavior until 1.7.0). Using "all" hides all changes to submodules.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--src-prefix=<prefix></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Show the given source prefix instead of "a/".</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--dst-prefix=<prefix></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Show the given destination prefix instead of "b/".</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-prefix</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Do not show any source or destination prefix.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--line-prefix=<prefix></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Prepend an additional prefix to every line of output.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ita-invisible-in-index</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>By default entries added by "git add -N" appear as an existing |
|
empty file in "git diff" and a new file in "git diff --cached". |
|
This option makes the entry appear as a new file in "git diff" |
|
and non-existent in "git diff --cached". This option could be |
|
reverted with <code>--ita-visible-in-index</code>. Both options are |
|
experimental and could be removed in future.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
</dl> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also |
|
<a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a>.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="dlist"> |
|
<dl> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><tree-ish></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>The id of a tree object to diff against.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--cached</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Do not consider the on-disk file at all.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--merge-base</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>Instead of comparing <tree-ish> directly, use the merge base |
|
between <tree-ish> and HEAD instead. <tree-ish> must be a |
|
commit.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-m</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>By default, files recorded in the index but not checked |
|
out are reported as deleted. This flag makes |
|
<em>git diff-index</em> say that all non-checked-out files are up |
|
to date.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
</dl> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="sect1"> |
|
<h2 id="_raw_output_format">Raw output format</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The raw output format from "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree", |
|
"git-diff-files" and "git diff --raw" are very similar.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>These commands all compare two sets of things; what is |
|
compared differs:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="dlist"> |
|
<dl> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">git-diff-index <tree-ish></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>compares the <tree-ish> and the files on the filesystem.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">git-diff-index --cached <tree-ish></dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>compares the <tree-ish> and the index.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">git-diff-tree [-r] <tree-ish-1> <tree-ish-2> [<pattern>…​]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>compares the trees named by the two arguments.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
<dt class="hdlist1">git-diff-files [<pattern>…​]</dt> |
|
<dd> |
|
<p>compares the index and the files on the filesystem.</p> |
|
</dd> |
|
</dl> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The "git-diff-tree" command begins its output by printing the hash of |
|
what is being compared. After that, all the commands print one output |
|
line per changed file.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>An output line is formatted this way:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>in-place edit :100644 100644 bcd1234 0123456 M file0 |
|
copy-edit :100644 100644 abcd123 1234567 C68 file1 file2 |
|
rename-edit :100644 100644 abcd123 1234567 R86 file1 file3 |
|
create :000000 100644 0000000 1234567 A file4 |
|
delete :100644 000000 1234567 0000000 D file5 |
|
unmerged :000000 000000 0000000 0000000 U file6</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>That is, from the left to the right:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="olist arabic"> |
|
<ol class="arabic"> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a colon.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>mode for "src"; 000000 if creation or unmerged.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a space.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>mode for "dst"; 000000 if deletion or unmerged.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a space.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>sha1 for "src"; 0{40} if creation or unmerged.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a space.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>sha1 for "dst"; 0{40} if deletion, unmerged or "work tree out of sync with the index".</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a space.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>status, followed by optional "score" number.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a tab or a NUL when <code>-z</code> option is used.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>path for "src"</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a tab or a NUL when <code>-z</code> option is used; only exists for C or R.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>path for "dst"; only exists for C or R.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>an LF or a NUL when <code>-z</code> option is used, to terminate the record.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
</ol> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Possible status letters are:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="ulist"> |
|
<ul> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>A: addition of a file</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>C: copy of a file into a new one</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>D: deletion of a file</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>M: modification of the contents or mode of a file</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>R: renaming of a file</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>T: change in the type of the file (regular file, symbolic link or submodule)</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>U: file is unmerged (you must complete the merge before it can |
|
be committed)</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>X: "unknown" change type (most probably a bug, please report it)</p> |
|
</li> |
|
</ul> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Status letters C and R are always followed by a score (denoting the |
|
percentage of similarity between the source and target of the move or |
|
copy). Status letter M may be followed by a score (denoting the |
|
percentage of dissimilarity) for file rewrites.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The sha1 for "dst" is shown as all 0’s if a file on the filesystem |
|
is out of sync with the index.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Example:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>:100644 100644 5be4a4a 0000000 M file.c</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Without the <code>-z</code> option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are |
|
quoted as explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> |
|
(see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). Using <code>-z</code> the filename is output |
|
verbatim and the line is terminated by a NUL byte.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="sect1"> |
|
<h2 id="_diff_format_for_merges">diff format for merges</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>"git-diff-tree", "git-diff-files" and "git-diff --raw" |
|
can take <code>-c</code> or <code>--cc</code> option |
|
to generate diff output also for merge commits. The output differs |
|
from the format described above in the following way:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="olist arabic"> |
|
<ol class="arabic"> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>there is a colon for each parent</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>there are more "src" modes and "src" sha1</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>status is concatenated status characters for each parent</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>no optional "score" number</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>tab-separated pathname(s) of the file</p> |
|
</li> |
|
</ol> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>For <code>-c</code> and <code>--cc</code>, only the destination or final path is shown even |
|
if the file was renamed on any side of history. With |
|
<code>--combined-all-paths</code>, the name of the path in each parent is shown |
|
followed by the name of the path in the merge commit.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Examples for <code>-c</code> and <code>--cc</code> without <code>--combined-all-paths</code>:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>::100644 100644 100644 fabadb8 cc95eb0 4866510 MM desc.c |
|
::100755 100755 100755 52b7a2d 6d1ac04 d2ac7d7 RM bar.sh |
|
::100644 100644 100644 e07d6c5 9042e82 ee91881 RR phooey.c</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Examples when <code>--combined-all-paths</code> added to either <code>-c</code> or <code>--cc</code>:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>::100644 100644 100644 fabadb8 cc95eb0 4866510 MM desc.c desc.c desc.c |
|
::100755 100755 100755 52b7a2d 6d1ac04 d2ac7d7 RM foo.sh bar.sh bar.sh |
|
::100644 100644 100644 e07d6c5 9042e82 ee91881 RR fooey.c fuey.c phooey.c</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Note that <em>combined diff</em> lists only files which were modified from |
|
all parents.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="sect1"> |
|
<h2 id="generate_patch_text_with_p">Generating patch text with -p</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Running |
|
<a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>, |
|
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>, |
|
<a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>, |
|
<a href="git-diff-index.html">git-diff-index(1)</a>, |
|
<a href="git-diff-tree.html">git-diff-tree(1)</a>, or |
|
<a href="git-diff-files.html">git-diff-files(1)</a> |
|
with the <code>-p</code> option produces patch text. |
|
You can customize the creation of patch text via the |
|
<code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> and the <code>GIT_DIFF_OPTS</code> environment variables |
|
(see <a href="git.html">git(1)</a>), and the <code>diff</code> attribute (see <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>).</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>What the -p option produces is slightly different from the traditional |
|
diff format:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="olist arabic"> |
|
<ol class="arabic"> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>It is preceded with a "git diff" header that looks like this:</p> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>diff --git a/file1 b/file2</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The <code>a/</code> and <code>b/</code> filenames are the same unless rename/copy is |
|
involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion, |
|
<code>/dev/null</code> is <em>not</em> used in place of the <code>a/</code> or <code>b/</code> filenames.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>When rename/copy is involved, <code>file1</code> and <code>file2</code> show the |
|
name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of |
|
the file that rename/copy produces, respectively.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>It is followed by one or more extended header lines:</p> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>old mode <mode> |
|
new mode <mode> |
|
deleted file mode <mode> |
|
new file mode <mode> |
|
copy from <path> |
|
copy to <path> |
|
rename from <path> |
|
rename to <path> |
|
similarity index <number> |
|
dissimilarity index <number> |
|
index <hash>..<hash> <mode></pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>File modes are printed as 6-digit octal numbers including the file type |
|
and file permission bits.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Path names in extended headers do not include the <code>a/</code> and <code>b/</code> prefixes.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The similarity index is the percentage of unchanged lines, and |
|
the dissimilarity index is the percentage of changed lines. It |
|
is a rounded down integer, followed by a percent sign. The |
|
similarity index value of 100% is thus reserved for two equal |
|
files, while 100% dissimilarity means that no line from the old |
|
file made it into the new one.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The index line includes the blob object names before and after the change. |
|
The <mode> is included if the file mode does not change; otherwise, |
|
separate lines indicate the old and the new mode.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>Pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as explained for |
|
the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> (see |
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>All the <code>file1</code> files in the output refer to files before the |
|
commit, and all the <code>file2</code> files refer to files after the commit. |
|
It is incorrect to apply each change to each file sequentially. For |
|
example, this patch will swap a and b:</p> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>diff --git a/a b/b |
|
rename from a |
|
rename to b |
|
diff --git a/b b/a |
|
rename from b |
|
rename to a</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>Hunk headers mention the name of the function to which the hunk |
|
applies. See "Defining a custom hunk-header" in |
|
<a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> for details of how to tailor to this to |
|
specific languages.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
</ol> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="sect1"> |
|
<h2 id="_combined_diff_format">Combined diff format</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Any diff-generating command can take the <code>-c</code> or <code>--cc</code> option to |
|
produce a <em>combined diff</em> when showing a merge. This is the default |
|
format when showing merges with <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> or |
|
<a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>. Note also that you can give suitable |
|
<code>--diff-merges</code> option to any of these commands to force generation of |
|
diffs in specific format.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>A "combined diff" format looks like this:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>diff --combined describe.c |
|
index fabadb8,cc95eb0..4866510 |
|
--- a/describe.c |
|
+++ b/describe.c |
|
@@@ -98,20 -98,12 +98,20 @@@ |
|
return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1; |
|
} |
|
|
|
- static void describe(char *arg) |
|
-static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one) |
|
++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one) |
|
{ |
|
+ unsigned char sha1[20]; |
|
+ struct commit *cmit; |
|
struct commit_list *list; |
|
static int initialized = 0; |
|
struct commit_name *n; |
|
|
|
+ if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) < 0) |
|
+ usage(describe_usage); |
|
+ cmit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1); |
|
+ if (!cmit) |
|
+ usage(describe_usage); |
|
+ |
|
if (!initialized) { |
|
initialized = 1; |
|
for_each_ref(get_name);</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="olist arabic"> |
|
<ol class="arabic"> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like |
|
this (when the <code>-c</code> option is used):</p> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>diff --combined file</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>or like this (when the <code>--cc</code> option is used):</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>diff --cc file</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>It is followed by one or more extended header lines |
|
(this example shows a merge with two parents):</p> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>index <hash>,<hash>..<hash> |
|
mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode> |
|
new file mode <mode> |
|
deleted file mode <mode>,<mode></pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The <code>mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode></code> line appears only if at least one of |
|
the <mode> is different from the rest. Extended headers with |
|
information about detected contents movement (renames and |
|
copying detection) are designed to work with diff of two |
|
<tree-ish> and are not used by combined diff format.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>It is followed by two-line from-file/to-file header</p> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>--- a/file |
|
+++ b/file</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Similar to two-line header for traditional <em>unified</em> diff |
|
format, <code>/dev/null</code> is used to signal created or deleted |
|
files.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>However, if the --combined-all-paths option is provided, instead of a |
|
two-line from-file/to-file you get a N+1 line from-file/to-file header, |
|
where N is the number of parents in the merge commit</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>--- a/file |
|
--- a/file |
|
--- a/file |
|
+++ b/file</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>This extended format can be useful if rename or copy detection is |
|
active, to allow you to see the original name of the file in different |
|
parents.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>Chunk header format is modified to prevent people from |
|
accidentally feeding it to <code>patch -p1</code>. Combined diff format |
|
was created for review of merge commit changes, and was not |
|
meant to be applied. The change is similar to the change in the |
|
extended <em>index</em> header:</p> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>@@@ <from-file-range> <from-file-range> <to-file-range> @@@</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>There are (number of parents + 1) <code>@</code> characters in the chunk |
|
header for combined diff format.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</li> |
|
</ol> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Unlike the traditional <em>unified</em> diff format, which shows two |
|
files A and B with a single column that has <code>-</code> (minus — appears in A but removed in B), <code>+</code> (plus — missing in A but |
|
added to B), or <code>" "</code> (space — unchanged) prefix, this format |
|
compares two or more files file1, file2,…​ with one file X, and |
|
shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of |
|
fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X’s line is |
|
different from it.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>A <code>-</code> character in the column N means that the line appears in |
|
fileN but it does not appear in the result. A <code>+</code> character |
|
in the column N means that the line appears in the result, |
|
and fileN does not have that line (in other words, the line was |
|
added, from the point of view of that parent).</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>In the above example output, the function signature was changed |
|
from both files (hence two <code>-</code> removals from both file1 and |
|
file2, plus <code>++</code> to mean one line that was added does not appear |
|
in either file1 or file2). Also eight other lines are the same |
|
from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with <code>+</code>).</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>When shown by <code>git diff-tree -c</code>, it compares the parents of a |
|
merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the |
|
parents). When shown by <code>git diff-files -c</code>, it compares the |
|
two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file |
|
(i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka |
|
"their version").</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="sect1"> |
|
<h2 id="_other_diff_formats">other diff formats</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The <code>--summary</code> option describes newly added, deleted, renamed and |
|
copied files. The <code>--stat</code> option adds diffstat(1) graph to the |
|
output. These options can be combined with other options, such as |
|
<code>-p</code>, and are meant for human consumption.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>When showing a change that involves a rename or a copy, <code>--stat</code> output |
|
formats the pathnames compactly by combining common prefix and suffix of |
|
the pathnames. For example, a change that moves <code>arch/i386/Makefile</code> to |
|
<code>arch/x86/Makefile</code> while modifying 4 lines will be shown like this:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>arch/{i386 => x86}/Makefile | 4 +--</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The <code>--numstat</code> option gives the diffstat(1) information but is designed |
|
for easier machine consumption. An entry in <code>--numstat</code> output looks |
|
like this:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>1 2 README |
|
3 1 arch/{i386 => x86}/Makefile</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>That is, from left to right:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="olist arabic"> |
|
<ol class="arabic"> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>the number of added lines;</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a tab;</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>the number of deleted lines;</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a tab;</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>pathname (possibly with rename/copy information);</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a newline.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
</ol> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>When <code>-z</code> output option is in effect, the output is formatted this way:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>1 2 README NUL |
|
3 1 NUL arch/i386/Makefile NUL arch/x86/Makefile NUL</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>That is:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="olist arabic"> |
|
<ol class="arabic"> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>the number of added lines;</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a tab;</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>the number of deleted lines;</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a tab;</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a NUL (only exists if renamed/copied);</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>pathname in preimage;</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a NUL (only exists if renamed/copied);</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>pathname in postimage (only exists if renamed/copied);</p> |
|
</li> |
|
<li> |
|
<p>a NUL.</p> |
|
</li> |
|
</ol> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The extra <code>NUL</code> before the preimage path in renamed case is to allow |
|
scripts that read the output to tell if the current record being read is |
|
a single-path record or a rename/copy record without reading ahead. |
|
After reading added and deleted lines, reading up to <code>NUL</code> would yield |
|
the pathname, but if that is <code>NUL</code>, the record will show two paths.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="sect1"> |
|
<h2 id="_operating_modes">OPERATING MODES</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>You can choose whether you want to trust the index file entirely |
|
(using the <code>--cached</code> flag) or ask the diff logic to show any files |
|
that don’t match the stat state as being "tentatively changed". Both |
|
of these operations are very useful indeed.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="sect1"> |
|
<h2 id="_cached_mode">CACHED MODE</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>If <code>--cached</code> is specified, it allows you to ask:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>show me the differences between HEAD and the current index |
|
contents (the ones I'd write using 'git write-tree')</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>For example, let’s say that you have worked on your working directory, updated |
|
some files in the index and are ready to commit. You want to see exactly |
|
<strong>what</strong> you are going to commit, without having to write a new tree |
|
object and compare it that way, and to do that, you just do</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>git diff-index --cached HEAD</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Example: let’s say I had renamed <code>commit.c</code> to <code>git-commit.c</code>, and I had |
|
done an <code>update-index</code> to make that effective in the index file. |
|
<code>git diff-files</code> wouldn’t show anything at all, since the index file |
|
matches my working directory. But doing a <em>git diff-index</em> does:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>torvalds@ppc970:~/git> git diff-index --cached HEAD |
|
:100644 000000 4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D commit.c |
|
:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74 A git-commit.c</pre> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>You can see easily that the above is a rename.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>In fact, <code>git diff-index --cached</code> <strong>should</strong> always be entirely equivalent to |
|
actually doing a <em>git write-tree</em> and comparing that. Except this one is much |
|
nicer for the case where you just want to check where you are.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>So doing a <code>git diff-index --cached</code> is basically very useful when you are |
|
asking yourself "what have I already marked for being committed, and |
|
what’s the difference to a previous tree".</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="sect1"> |
|
<h2 id="_non_cached_mode">NON-CACHED MODE</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>The "non-cached" mode takes a different approach, and is potentially |
|
the more useful of the two in that what it does can’t be emulated with |
|
a <em>git write-tree</em> + <em>git diff-tree</em>. Thus that’s the default mode. |
|
The non-cached version asks the question:</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="literalblock"> |
|
<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>show me the differences between HEAD and the currently checked out |
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tree - index contents _and_ files that aren't up to date</pre> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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<div class="paragraph"> |
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<p>which is obviously a very useful question too, since that tells you what |
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you <strong>could</strong> commit. Again, the output matches the <em>git diff-tree -r</em> |
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output to a tee, but with a twist.</p> |
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</div> |
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<div class="paragraph"> |
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<p>The twist is that if some file doesn’t match the index, we don’t have |
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a backing store thing for it, and we use the magic "all-zero" sha1 to |
|
show that. So let’s say that you have edited <code>kernel/sched.c</code>, but |
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have not actually done a <em>git update-index</em> on it yet - there is no |
|
"object" associated with the new state, and you get:</p> |
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</div> |
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<div class="literalblock"> |
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<div class="content"> |
|
<pre>torvalds@ppc970:~/v2.6/linux> git diff-index --abbrev HEAD |
|
:100644 100644 7476bb5ba 000000000 M kernel/sched.c</pre> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>i.e., it shows that the tree has changed, and that <code>kernel/sched.c</code> is |
|
not up to date and may contain new stuff. The all-zero sha1 means that to |
|
get the real diff, you need to look at the object in the working directory |
|
directly rather than do an object-to-object diff.</p> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="admonitionblock note"> |
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<table> |
|
<tr> |
|
<td class="icon"> |
|
<div class="title">Note</div> |
|
</td> |
|
<td class="content"> |
|
As with other commands of this type, <em>git diff-index</em> does not |
|
actually look at the contents of the file at all. So maybe |
|
<code>kernel/sched.c</code> hasn’t actually changed, and it’s just that you |
|
touched it. In either case, it’s a note that you need to |
|
<em>git update-index</em> it to make the index be in sync. |
|
</td> |
|
</tr> |
|
</table> |
|
</div> |
|
<div class="admonitionblock note"> |
|
<table> |
|
<tr> |
|
<td class="icon"> |
|
<div class="title">Note</div> |
|
</td> |
|
<td class="content"> |
|
You can have a mixture of files show up as "has been updated" |
|
and "is still dirty in the working directory" together. You can always |
|
tell which file is in which state, since the "has been updated" ones |
|
show a valid sha1, and the "not in sync with the index" ones will |
|
always have the special all-zero sha1. |
|
</td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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<div class="sect1"> |
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<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> |
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
|
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
|
</div> |
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<div id="footer"> |
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<div id="footer-text"> |
|
Last updated 2023-04-19 05:40:20 UTC |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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</body> |
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</html> |
