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  ---
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  library_name: transformers
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- tags: []
 
 
 
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  ---
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- # Model Card for Model ID
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- <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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  ## Model Details
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  ### Model Description
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- <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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- This is the model card of a ๐Ÿค— transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
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- - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- - **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
 
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- ### Model Sources [optional]
 
 
 
 
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- <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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-
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- - **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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  ## Uses
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- <!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
 
 
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  ### Direct Use
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- <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Downstream Use [optional]
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- <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
 
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
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- ### Out-of-Scope Use
 
 
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- <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
 
 
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Recommendations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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- Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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- ## How to Get Started with the Model
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- Use the code below to get started with the model.
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## Training Details
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  ### Training Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ### Training Procedure
 
 
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- <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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- #### Preprocessing [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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  #### Training Hyperparameters
 
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- - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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- #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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- <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## Evaluation
 
 
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- <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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- ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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- #### Testing Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Factors
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- <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Metrics
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- <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Results
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Summary
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- ## Model Examination [optional]
 
 
 
 
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- <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
 
 
 
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Environmental Impact
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- <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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- Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Technical Specifications [optional]
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- ### Model Architecture and Objective
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ### Compute Infrastructure
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Hardware
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- [More Information Needed]
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  #### Software
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Citation [optional]
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- <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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- **BibTeX:**
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- [More Information Needed]
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- **APA:**
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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- <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## More Information [optional]
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  ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## Model Card Contact
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- [More Information Needed]
 
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  ---
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  library_name: transformers
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+ license: apache-2.0
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+ language:
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+ - ja
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+ - en
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  ---
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+ # Retrieva BERT Model
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+ The **RetrievaBERT** is the pre-trained Transformer Encoder using Megatron-LM.
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+ It is designed for use in Japanese.
 
 
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  ## Model Details
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  ### Model Description
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+ The **RetrievaBERT** is the pre-trained Transformer Encoder using Megatron-LM.
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+ It is designed for use in Japanese.
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+ This model offers several advanced features compared to traditional BERT models:
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+ - **PreNorm**: Improved stability during training.
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+ - **SwiGLU**: Enhanced activation function for better performance.
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+ - **Grouped-Query Attention (Multi-Query Attention)**: Efficient attention mechanism.
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+ - **Max Sequence Length**: 2048 tokens, allowing for longer context.
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+ - **Parameters**: 1.3 billion parameters.
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+ - **Pre-training Objective**: Only Masked Language Modeling (MLM), not Next Sentence Prediction (NSP).
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+ - **Token Type IDs**: Not used in this model.
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+ ### Model Sources
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+ - **Developed by:** Retrieva, Inc.
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+ - **Model type:** Based on MegatronBERT Architecture.
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+ - **Language(s) (NLP):** Primarily Japanese (optional support for English).
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+ - **License:** Apache 2.0
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  ## Uses
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+ This model can be used as a Masked Language Model (MLM).
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+ However, it is primarily intended to be fine-tuned on downstream tasks.
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+ Depending on your use case, follow the appropriate section below.
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  ### Direct Use
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+ This model is pre-trained using Masked Language Modeling.
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+ The mask token used is `<MASK|LLM-jp>`.
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+ Note that you need to set `trust_remote_code` to `True` because RetrievaBERT uses a custom model implementation.
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+
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+ Example code for direct use:
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoModelForMaskedLM, AutoTokenizer, pipeline
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+ model_id = "retrieva-jp/bert-1.3b"
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+ model = AutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained(model_id, trust_remote_code=True)
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+ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id, trust_remote_code=True)
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+ pipe = pipeline("fill-mask", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
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+ text = "ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ๏ผ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ<MASK|LLM-jp>ใงใ™๏ผ"
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+ print(pipe(text))
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+ ```
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+ ### Downstream Use
 
 
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+ RetrievaBERT is compatible with Hugging Face's AutoModels.
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+ To fine-tune RetrievaBERT for your specific task, use the corresponding AutoModel class.
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+ For detailed configuration, refer to the config.json file.
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  ## Training Details
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  ### Training Data
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+ The Retrieva BERT model was pre-trained on the reunion of five datasets:
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+ - [Japanese CommonCrawl Dataset by LLM-jp](https://gitlab.llm-jp.nii.ac.jp/datasets/llm-jp-corpus-v2).
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+ - [RefinedWeb](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tiiuae/falcon-refinedweb).
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+ - Chinese Wikipedia dumped on 20240120.
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+ - Korean Wikipedia dumped on 20240120.
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+ - [The Stack](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/the-stack)
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+ The model was trained on 180 billion tokens using the above dataset.
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  ### Training Procedure
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+ The model was trained on 4 to 32 H100 GPUs with a batch size of 1,024.
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+ We adopted the curriculum learning which is similar to the Sequence Length Warmup and training with the following sequence lengths and number of steps.
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+ - The sequence length of 128: 31,000 steps.
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+ - The sequence length of 256: 219,000 steps.
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+ - The sequence length of 512: 192,000 steps.
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+ - The sequence length of 2048: 12,000 steps.
 
 
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  #### Training Hyperparameters
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+ The model was trained on the following hyperparameters.
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+ - Learning rate: 1.5e-4.
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+ - Learning rate decay style: Linear.
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+ - Learning rate warmup fraction: 0.01
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+ - Minimum learning rate: 1e-6
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+ - Floating point expression: BF16
 
 
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  ## Evaluation
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+ We fine-tuned the following models and evaluated them on the [JGLUE](https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE) development set.
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+ We adjusted the learning rate and training epochs for each model and task in accordance with [the JGLUE paper](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnlp/30/1/30_63/_pdf/-char/ja).
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+ | Model | MARC-ja/acc | JSTS/pearson | JSTS/spearman | JNLI/acc | JSQuAD/EM | JSQuAD/F1 | JComQA/acc |
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+ |----------------------------------|-------------|--------------|---------------|----------|-----------|-----------|------------|
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+ | tohoku-nlp/bert-base-japanese-v3 | 0.957 | 0.914 | 0.876 | 0.906 | 0.878 | 0.946 | 0.849 |
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+ | tohoku-nlp/bert-large-japanese-v2| 0.959 | 0.916 | 0.877 | 0.901 | 0.884 | 0.951 | 0.867 |
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+ | ku-nlp/deberta-v3-base-japaneseใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€| 0.958 | 0.925 | 0.890 | 0.902 | 0.925 | 0.910 | 0.882 |
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+ | retrieva-jp/bert-1.3bใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€| 0.952 | 0.916 | 0.877 | 0.896 | 0.916 | 0.879 | 0.815 |
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ## Technical Specifications
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+ ### Model Architectures
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+ The Retrieva BERT model is based on BERT with the following hyperparameters:
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+ - Number of layers: 48
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+ - Hidden layer size: 1536
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+ - FFN hidden layer size: 4096
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+ - Number of attention heads: 24
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+ - Maximum length of position embeddings: 2048
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+ As mentioned earlier, the main differences from the original BERT are:
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+ - PreNorm: Improved stability during training.
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+ - SwiGLU: Enhanced activation function for better performance.
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+ - Grouped-Query Attention (Multi-Query Attention): Efficient attention mechanism.
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  ### Compute Infrastructure
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+ [TSUBAME 4](https://www.t4.gsic.titech.ac.jp/en/hardware)
 
 
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+ This model is based on results obtained from the TSUBAME deep-learning mini-camp.
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  #### Software
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+ The model was trained using [Megatron-LM](https://github.com/NVIDIA/Megatron-LM).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## More Information [optional]
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  ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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+ Satoru Katsumata, Daisuke Kimura, Jiro Nishitoba
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  ## Model Card Contact
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+ pr@retrieva.jp