egs/librispeech/ASR/pruned2_knowledge/decoder2.py

# Copyright    2021  Xiaomi Corp.        (authors: Fangjun Kuang)
#
# See ../../../../LICENSE for clarification regarding multiple authors
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from typing import Optional

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from subsampling import ScaledConv1d
from torch import Tensor


class Decoder(nn.Module):
    """This class modifies the stateless decoder from the following paper:

        RNN-transducer with stateless prediction network
        https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9054419

    It removes the recurrent connection from the decoder, i.e., the prediction
    network. Different from the above paper, it adds an extra Conv1d
    right after the embedding layer.

    TODO: Implement https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.07513.pdf
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        vocab_size: int,
        embedding_dim: int,
        blank_id: int,
        context_size: int,
    ):
        """
        Args:
          vocab_size:
            Number of tokens of the modeling unit including blank.
          embedding_dim:
            Dimension of the input embedding.
          blank_id:
            The ID of the blank symbol.
          context_size:
            Number of previous words to use to predict the next word.
            1 means bigram; 2 means trigram. n means (n+1)-gram.
        """
        super().__init__()
        self.embedding = ScaledEmbedding(
            num_embeddings=vocab_size,
            embedding_dim=embedding_dim,
            padding_idx=blank_id,
        )
        self.blank_id = blank_id

        assert context_size >= 1, context_size
        self.context_size = context_size
        if context_size > 1:
            self.conv = ScaledConv1d(
                in_channels=embedding_dim,
                out_channels=embedding_dim,
                kernel_size=context_size,
                padding=0,
                groups=embedding_dim,
                bias=False,
            )

    def forward(self, y: torch.Tensor, need_pad: bool = True) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Args:
          y:
            A 2-D tensor of shape (N, U).
          need_pad:
            True to left pad the input. Should be True during training.
            False to not pad the input. Should be False during inference.
        Returns:
          Return a tensor of shape (N, U, embedding_dim).
        """
        y = y.to(torch.int64)
        embedding_out = self.embedding(y)
        if self.context_size > 1:
            embedding_out = embedding_out.permute(0, 2, 1)
            if need_pad is True:
                embedding_out = F.pad(embedding_out, pad=(self.context_size - 1, 0))
            else:
                # During inference time, there is no need to do extra padding
                # as we only need one output
                assert embedding_out.size(-1) == self.context_size
            embedding_out = self.conv(embedding_out)
            embedding_out = embedding_out.permute(0, 2, 1)
        return embedding_out


class ScaledEmbedding(nn.Module):
    r"""A simple lookup table that stores embeddings of a fixed dictionary and size.

    This module is often used to store word embeddings and retrieve them using indices.
    The input to the module is a list of indices, and the output is the corresponding
    word embeddings.

    Args:
        num_embeddings (int): size of the dictionary of embeddings
        embedding_dim (int): the size of each embedding vector
        padding_idx (int, optional): If given, pads the output with the embedding vector at :attr:`padding_idx`
                                         (initialized to zeros) whenever it encounters the index.
        max_norm (float, optional): If given, each embedding vector with norm larger than :attr:`max_norm`
                                    is renormalized to have norm :attr:`max_norm`.
        norm_type (float, optional): The p of the p-norm to compute for the :attr:`max_norm` option. Default ``2``.
        scale_grad_by_freq (boolean, optional): If given, this will scale gradients by the inverse of frequency of
                                                the words in the mini-batch. Default ``False``.
        sparse (bool, optional): If ``True``, gradient w.r.t. :attr:`weight` matrix will be a sparse tensor.
                                 See Notes for more details regarding sparse gradients.

    Attributes:
        weight (Tensor): the learnable weights of the module of shape (num_embeddings, embedding_dim)
                         initialized from :math:`\mathcal{N}(0, 1)`

    Shape:
        - Input: :math:`(*)`, LongTensor of arbitrary shape containing the indices to extract
        - Output: :math:`(*, H)`, where `*` is the input shape and :math:`H=\text{embedding\_dim}`

    .. note::
        Keep in mind that only a limited number of optimizers support
        sparse gradients: currently it's :class:`optim.SGD` (`CUDA` and `CPU`),
        :class:`optim.SparseAdam` (`CUDA` and `CPU`) and :class:`optim.Adagrad` (`CPU`)

    .. note::
        With :attr:`padding_idx` set, the embedding vector at
        :attr:`padding_idx` is initialized to all zeros. However, note that this
        vector can be modified afterwards, e.g., using a customized
        initialization method, and thus changing the vector used to pad the
        output. The gradient for this vector from :class:`~torch.nn.Embedding`
        is always zero.

    Examples::

        >>> # an Embedding module containing 10 tensors of size 3
        >>> embedding = nn.Embedding(10, 3)
        >>> # a batch of 2 samples of 4 indices each
        >>> input = torch.LongTensor([[1,2,4,5],[4,3,2,9]])
        >>> embedding(input)
        tensor([[[-0.0251, -1.6902,  0.7172],
                 [-0.6431,  0.0748,  0.6969],
                 [ 1.4970,  1.3448, -0.9685],
                 [-0.3677, -2.7265, -0.1685]],

                [[ 1.4970,  1.3448, -0.9685],
                 [ 0.4362, -0.4004,  0.9400],
                 [-0.6431,  0.0748,  0.6969],
                 [ 0.9124, -2.3616,  1.1151]]])


        >>> # example with padding_idx
        >>> embedding = nn.Embedding(10, 3, padding_idx=0)
        >>> input = torch.LongTensor([[0,2,0,5]])
        >>> embedding(input)
        tensor([[[ 0.0000,  0.0000,  0.0000],
                 [ 0.1535, -2.0309,  0.9315],
                 [ 0.0000,  0.0000,  0.0000],
                 [-0.1655,  0.9897,  0.0635]]])
    """
    __constants__ = [
        "num_embeddings",
        "embedding_dim",
        "padding_idx",
        "scale_grad_by_freq",
        "sparse",
    ]

    num_embeddings: int
    embedding_dim: int
    padding_idx: int
    scale_grad_by_freq: bool
    weight: Tensor
    sparse: bool

    def __init__(
        self,
        num_embeddings: int,
        embedding_dim: int,
        padding_idx: Optional[int] = None,
        scale_grad_by_freq: bool = False,
        sparse: bool = False,
        scale_speed: float = 5.0,
    ) -> None:
        super(ScaledEmbedding, self).__init__()
        self.num_embeddings = num_embeddings
        self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim
        if padding_idx is not None:
            if padding_idx > 0:
                assert (
                    padding_idx < self.num_embeddings
                ), "Padding_idx must be within num_embeddings"
            elif padding_idx < 0:
                assert (
                    padding_idx >= -self.num_embeddings
                ), "Padding_idx must be within num_embeddings"
                padding_idx = self.num_embeddings + padding_idx
        self.padding_idx = padding_idx
        self.scale_grad_by_freq = scale_grad_by_freq

        self.scale_speed = scale_speed
        self.scale = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(()))  # see reset_parameters()
        self.sparse = sparse

        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.Tensor(num_embeddings, embedding_dim))
        self.reset_parameters()

    def reset_parameters(self) -> None:
        nn.init.normal_(self.weight, std=0.05)
        nn.init.constant_(self.scale, torch.tensor(1.0 / 0.05).log() / self.scale_speed)

        if self.padding_idx is not None:
            with torch.no_grad():
                self.weight[self.padding_idx].fill_(0)

    def forward(self, input: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        scale = (self.scale * self.scale_speed).exp()
        if input.numel() < self.num_embeddings:
            return (
                F.embedding(
                    input,
                    self.weight,
                    self.padding_idx,
                    None,
                    2.0,  # None, 2.0 relate to normalization
                    self.scale_grad_by_freq,
                    self.sparse,
                )
                * scale
            )
        else:
            return F.embedding(
                input,
                self.weight * scale,
                self.padding_idx,
                None,
                2.0,  # None, 2.0 relates to normalization
                self.scale_grad_by_freq,
                self.sparse,
            )

    def extra_repr(self) -> str:
        s = "{num_embeddings}, {embedding_dim}, scale_speed={scale_speed}, scale={scale}"
        if self.padding_idx is not None:
            s += ", padding_idx={padding_idx}"
        if self.scale_grad_by_freq is not False:
            s += ", scale_grad_by_freq={scale_grad_by_freq}"
        if self.sparse is not False:
            s += ", sparse=True"
        return s.format(**self.__dict__)