time_saving_classifier_val_split.csv

stated_aims,patent_id,year,label
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus for obtaining light.,GB187801710A,1878,0
"The object of the present invention is to construct a continuously working centrifugal machine or hydro-extractor that is to say one that can be emptied during rotation, so that stoppage of the rotary motion of the machine and restarting between the fillings or charges become unnecessary; again with this machine the emptying of its contents by manual work is done away with such emptying being simply effected by working a hand lever and then the centrifugal force of the drum automatically and very quickly empties the contents of the drum.",GB189120142A,1891,1
"The improvements consist in so arranging the press that the boxes of one of the sets, by preference the long boxes, are brought successively into position over the corresponding ram or rams by a rolling rectilinear motion, on suitable supports, and the boxes of the other sot, preferably the shallow boxes or fraines, are brought successively into position by a revolving motion around a column or support. Also, in so arranging and working the press that a bale which has been partly pressed in the long side of the press and has then had a lashing plate or its equivalent secured below it shall be waiting to be moved above the finishing rams while the finishing and preparing rams are acting on the bales which respectively precede and follow the waiting bale and that such waiting bale which is partly lashed while waiting shall be in position over the finishing rams at or before the moinent that the preparing rams have finished their ascent; while on the other hand one of the shallow boxes or frames shall always be in position over the preparing rams and ready for their action at or before the moment that the finishing rams have completed the pressure of the bale they are acting upon; the inlet valve to the finishing ram cylinders can thus be opened as soon as the inlet valve to the preparing ram cylinders is shut and vice versu, so that the power for working the rams need never be idle or unemployed. Also, in constructing the presses so that there is a means of filling with the material to be pressed the upper space above the preparing rams, that is to say, the space which corresponds in depth with the depth of the upper frames or boxes, also in providing a plate or bars to form a temporary bottom for this upper space. Also, in fitting the presses with one or more water cylinders so arranged that by their means the plate on which the loose material is to be laid can be gradually lowered independently of the descending of the press rains; the said cylinder or cylinders being fixed either outside the box or beneath the follower or plate that. has to be lowered, also, in providing for the disconnection of this lowering device when the material does not require to be carefully laid; so that the plate or follower can then be lowered by the press ram in the usual way. Also, in constructing the presses so that the long boxes, or the shallow boxes or frames, or both, can be moved to their successive positions by the piston of a steam cylinder or by a hydraulic cylinder made to act on the boxes either directly or through the intervention of other parts, multiplying gear being employed if thought necessary. Also, in providing means whereby a box cannot be moved while a man is in its path of motion. Also, in special means of locking the lashing plate into the bottom of the shallow boxes or frames. Also, in constructing the press cylinders with a gland so arranged that by a small movement thereof it is released from the bolt studs or other fastenings that hold it down to the hydraulic leathers and is then free to be lifted to allow the leathers to be changed, also, in fitting the press with a lever or levers and rods or chains so arranged that when the gland has been released they will quickly lift the gland and other parts and again lower them after the leathers have been changed.",GB188503279A,1885,1
"The purpose of forming the groove or aperture in the carbon as far only as the circumference of the crater or arc which will be formed during the use of the carbon instead of to the center or axis of the carbon, is to prevent waste of carbon resulting from cutting away a full segment of the carbon, and yet to open a path from the are of light or crater for the unobstructed transmission of light to the objective point. The crater or arc of light in a carbon being the point of maximum heat, obviously a segment cut therefrom materially shortens the life of the carbon, while the specific purpose of the groove is accomplished by sinking it only to the eircumference of the arc or crater.",GB189906684A,1899,0
"Now my Invention consists in so constructing air pump valves that they aro durable, efficient, and inexpensive to maintain.",GB187803481A,1878,0
The object of this invention is to perform the sectional warping operation direct on to the weaver's beam whereby not only the yarn is economised but much time is saved and the sections hitherto used are entirely dispensed with. The object of this invention is to perform the sectional warping operation direct on to the weavers beam whereby not only the yarn is economised but much time is saved and the sections hitherto used are entirely dispensed with.,GB188301444A,1883,1
"The object of these top fire-bars (which being in constant contact with the ignited fuel are subject to an accelerated wear and tear) is to reduce the cost of their renewal to a minimum owing to their small weight and simplicity. The principal object of these frames c (they being heated naturally by the fire-bars resting on them) is for heating the air stored between them before entering the furnace, consequently the depth and area of the said frames must be always adequate for sufficiently heating the volume of air required for the furnace during the time allowed by the natural velocity of draught in passing between them.",GB187801242A,1878,0
"Now, the object of my Invention is, simply a mode of applying or using a saw guide, set perpendicularly over the cut or cuts to be made in the block under the machines, which is moved horizontally by a screw or screws, that is, backwards and forwards, or vertically, that is, up and down, as the case may be, to suit the position and size of the block of marble or other stone wherein the saw or saws framed is or are worked, and guided thereby backwards and forwards, which is and are balanced by a weight to that degree suspended by a pulley or pulleys perpendicularly over the cut or cuts to raise the saw or saws to allow the sand to fall between the marble and saw or saw plates, by which means the cutting or sawing is continual and regular, and the surfaces of the marble or stone are not stunned or rendered coarse, consequently leaving little or no labor to the polisher or laborer to ""close"" the surfaces of the said marble or stone.",GB184309839A,1843,0
"""Silk and other thread when used on a sewing machine, owing to its nature and the manner in which it is spooled, is liable to become tangled and kinked as it is unwound by the action of the needle; thus causing the operator considerable annoyance and loss of time in addition to waste of material and the risk of spoiling the work. To overcome this difficulty is the object of the present invention, which consists of providing the spool-holder with a removable plate, preferably of metal and of a larger diameter than the spool, and which is arranged to sit on the top of the spool to prevent the thread being drawn from the top of the same as it is unwound and to provide the plate with a swinging arm, normally hanging perpendicularly, and arranged to be moved into a horizontal position in the same plane as the top of the plate, by the unwinding action of the thread which passes through an eye fitted in the lower end of the arm and the invention consists essentially of the device hereinafter more fully set forth and more particularly pointed out in the claims.""",GB189907072A,1899,1
By constructing knobs with a hard core as above described they are stronger and more solid than hollow sheet metal knobs as Dow ordinarily made. By constructing knobs with a hard core as above described they are stronger and more solid than hollow sheet metal knobs as now ordinarily made.,GB188511682A,1885,0
"The object of my Invention is to obtain a circulation of air over the entire surface of the grate, whereby more heat is generated, and the bars of the grate are prevented from becoming burnt or overheated, and consists in constructing furnace and other grates with fire-bars having conical, tubular, or other shaped recesses or grooves formed in them, and arranged in a line with each other in the length and breadth of the furnace, and permitting the circulation of air received from without by suitable openings in the front and around the grate.",GB186102136A,1861,0
"With this object I mount the matrices 2 in the parts of the casing or frame of the mould 1 so that they can be moved inwards; which movement may be effected by screws 3 passed through screwed holes in the parts of the casing or frame and bearing on the backs of the matrices. In order to allow of the expansion of the matrices which occurs when the molten metal is introduced into the mould, I provide a rib 4 on, the portion 5 of the casing, or frame, to which the parts 1 thereof are hinged which projection constitutes the foot or bottom of the moulding space. Where feet or lugs for making the electrical connections of the plates are to be cast on the plates I make, in the mould recesses corresponding to such feet, or lugs, or both, and to ensure the escape of gas or air so that no bubbles occur in the cast plate I make a riser or risers or a passage or passages as at 8 opening from the lower part of the moulding space or from the recesses for casting the feet or lugs and running upwards and opening at the upper part of the mould so that gas or air will pass out by this riser or these risers. And to ensure a proper distribution of the metal into all the grooves of the matrix or matrices, I make in the edge of the said push pieces or strips, a longitudinal groove or channel 9 opening above all the spaces between the ribs of the matrix or matrices.",GB189206635A,1892,0
"The chief objects of this Invention are to increase the speed of working the number of strokes of the piston revolutions of the main shaft and rapidity of ignition, to ensure while working at this increased speed a more equal distribution of force upon the shaft; to control or govern such force by regulating more accurately than heretofore the admission of air and gas to the cylinder; to diminish the friction caused by the angularity of the crank connecting rod upon the piston or guides of the same, and to simplify the engine by constructing the slide valve to perform the three separate functions of regulating the admission, the ignition, and the discharge of the gas.",GB187901270A,1879,1
"""It is well known that the usual practice of opening a window in order to admit air entering and escaping so as to ventilate a room is very objectionable as it frequently allows too free a passage for the air and thereby creates a draught thus exposing the occupants of the room to the risk of catching a cold the object therefore of my invention is to obviate the draught when the window is opened for the purpose described and to arrange means whereby a more perfect state of ventilation is secured within a room to attain which I employ the appliance set forth in the accompanying sheet of drawings which is to be taken as a merc typical illustration of my invention and not as a final form inasmuch as it will be obvious that the same may be modified in form and construction to suit special shapes of windows and sashes without departing from the essential particulars of my said invention.""",GB189013218A,1890,0
"The principal object of this invention is to construct simple and efficient mechanism for producing a shed by raising part of the Jacquard hooks and lowering the remainder by which means a greater speed can be obtained than on an ordinary single lift machine, part of the invention can however be applied to Jacquard apparatus of known construction.",GB189420497A,1894,1
"And for the purpose of effecting a further saving of time in filling a number of moulds simultaneously I employ a trough of cast iron of suitable length having a number of slots through the bottom corresponding to the position of the hole in each mould through which the molten metal is to be poured. And for the purpose of effecting a further saving of time in filling a number of moulds simultaneously I employ a trough of cast or wrought iron of suitable length having a number of circular and slotted holes through the bottom, as shewn in plan and section respectively at Figures 9 and 10.",GB187804276A,1878,1
"This our invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in mechanism for tipping and emptying trucks such as those commonly used in collieries, wharfs, and similiar places, and which invention has for its object to lessen the amount of labour at present expended, thereby diminishing the working expenses; also, when used in collieries, to minimise the breakage of the coal, thus reducing the amount of waste, known as slack. Said invention has for its object to lessen the amount of labour at present expended, thereby diminishing the working expenses; also when used in collieries, to minimise the breakage of coal, and thus reduce the amount of waste.",GB188807221A,1888,0
"""The combination of parts for changing reels, including the hydraulic elevator facilitates the drawing of wire rapidly, and therefore conduces to the main object of my invention.""",GB189904694A,1899,1
"My improvements consist in making the exterior flues of steam boilers of iron water tanks or chambers, so that the heat which is wasted in the ordinary method of constructing the flues of brickwork will be advantageously applied for heating the feed water of the boiler, and for generating steam.",GB186303274A,1863,0
"The object of my invention is to construct a saw bench of few and simple parts that may be employed either for ripping or cutting with the grain or fibre of the wood, or for rapidly cross-cutting to any required size, or for cutting at any desired angle.",GB189407960A,1894,0
"Now the object of the present Invention is so to manufacture this class of goods as to give an extra amount of elasticity to the neck opening, so that the garment may be readily put on without the necessity for the slit or opening in the front.",GB187902064A,1879,0
"""The holes often get filled up with small fibres; the brass wings add expense, and the passing of the thread for piecing up when broken through the holes is slow. To do away with these drawbacks we do away with the top and side holes and with the brass wing, and produce flyers that can be manufactured at less cost, and which allow of a quick piccing up and produce better and more even yarn.""",GB188104482A,1881,1
"The object I have in view in this invention, is to produce a machine more simply in its construction and in its details, with less liability to disarrangement than has heretofore been done.",GB189925191A,1899,0
"""The square apex is designed especially for leaving a smooth angular channel in the butter for running off the moisture thus expressed from the butter more freely. A second object attained by this construction of roller b is to carry out more effectually the improvements patented by me (No. 22784 of 1893) in which I provide for a lateral or endwise movement of the roller on its axis, when quiescent, so that by such lateral movement of the roller b either to the right or to the left (say from left to right as shewn by Figs. 2 and 3) I can bring the square or flat apex of the annular projections + on the said roller into contact with the square apex of the flutes of the butter c (see Fig. 3) so that I may then by a forward or a backward movement of the roller upon the square apex of the flutes on the butter c, transform such apex into the channel, and vice versa, the channel into the apex, and by this means I am enabled to expel more thoroughly and more quickly all moisture, such as butter-milk, after churning, or moisture after brining or salting, and with less injury both to the texture and the color of the butter than by any other method now in use.""",GB189417629A,1894,1
"By employing apparatus according to my invention staves may be quickly gauged in the hoops and evenly set up on the outside notwithstanding their inequalities in thickness and thick and unyielding staves which have previously been cut out to uniform length may be rapidly driven into the hoops and held tightly together without using a hand hammer to drive them down as is now usual.

By employing apparatus according to my invention staves may be quickly gauged in the hoops and evenly set up on the outside notwithstanding their unequalities in thickness and the thick and unyielding staves which have previously been cut out to uniform length may be rapidly trussed and held tightly together without using a hand hammer to drive them down as is now usual.",GB188804291A,1888,1
"""In the use of a centrifugal machine much time and power are lost by having to stop the machine, empty it, fill it again, and start it, getting it gradually up to full speed. Now this invention is designed to save this loss and delay, and also to enable me to separate lumps from finer particles in the centrifugal itself while running at full speed.""",GB188400645A,1884,1
"My invention relates to the production of foot and like balls to be used in
games; and my said invention consists essentially in producing or manufacturing
the shell or outer covering of the said balls within a mould, or upon a mould block,
by which means, the shells are made perfectly true in form, and uniform in size,
which is unattainable by the ordinary means of production; and when a round
ball is made, it is made perfectly spherical or orbicular in shape, from the fact that
the outside covering part constituting the outer shell, is made to take the shape of
a mould wherein or upon which it is made.",GB188510766A,1885,0
"The present invention relates to improvements in rotary boring or drilling apparatus for use in mines capable of being actuated either by hand or power and applicable to the economic boring of hard or soft rocks and that in the galleries of mines even when most narrow and difficult of access.

The simpler machine represented in figs. 4 and 5 is constructed with a view to boring soft rocks such as coal.

Figs. 7 and 8 represent an improvement intended to allow the drill to be with- drawn without loss of time as soon as a boring is finished.",GB188800248A,1888,1
"The object of the invention is to provide a propelling means for vessels, which consists of a sliding or reciprocating frame connected with actuating means, as the piston of an engine, the said frame being mounted on guides and carrying a series of floats or paddles which are mounted in the sliding frame to contact with transverse bars or stops carried by vertically moving bars, said bars engaging with a rod for raising the same so that the paddles will be permitted to move past the stops when it is desired to reverse the action of the floats or paddles; the whole being mounted in. suitable frames secured to the vessel between the keels thereof, and also between the twin propellers; as will be hereinafter more fully set forth and particularly pointed out in the claims.",GB188920165A,1889,0
"our object being to save the trouble of holding up the teapot or kettle, and also to save moving the cups or glasses.",GB189205104A,1892,0
One object of my present invention is to provide for simultaneously winding or coiling the said steel ribbon upon the inner tube and applying melted tin or solder thereto. One object of my present invention is to provide for simultaneously winding or coiling the said band or ribbon upon the inner tube and applying the melted tin or solder thereto.,GB188503680A,1885,1
My invention relates to the art of drying or seasoning wood and has for its object an improved method and apparatus for drying or seasoning wood and wooden articles in a much shorter time than heretofore.,GB189607688A,1896,1
"""It relates to an improved holder for use in the heating of sad-irons and the like, and consists in so forming or constructing same that the func- tions of heating said sad-irons and the like may be performed in a much quicker and more desirable manner than they are by means of those as heretofore con- structed, while it prevents the irons from being dirtied by the accumulation of soot and the like thereon.""
""To attain the object of my said invention I form my improved holder of a metal base-piece à to which upright. side-pieces or flanges b are attached, thus forming a kind of box which is capable of holding one, two or more sad-irons, e or the like according to its size, (the one illustrated by the several drawings being constructed to hold one of such irons) while it (said holder) can be conveniently placed over the open fire e as shown by Fig. 1, thus enabling the theating of said articles to be quickly effected.""
""It will be seen that by the employment of the means above described the smoke from the fire is prevented from having any deleterious effects on the articles being heated as by depositing thereon a layer or soot and the like and so dirtying them.""",GB189905057A,1899,1
"The Invention relates to apparatuses applicable to the benches or printing tables made use of for block printing by hand on tissues, paper, or other suitable fabrics, and has for its object to offer to the printer a ready means for the application of the printing block on the required spots of the surface of the tissue, paper, or other fabric on which the impression is to take place, thereby allowing of operating with greater speed and accuracy than by the ordinary modes of block printing by hand.",GB185802025A,1858,1
By my invention such defects and disadvantages are overcome thereby enabling any planing operation to be carried out more quickly and efficiently than hitherto.,GB189922574A,1899,1
"The object of my invention is to facilitate the production of knitted fabrics upon
knitting machines by means of improvements in the construction and working of
such machines. Others of the improvements are for increasing the
ease and speed of transferring portions of knitted web from ""putting-on-bars"" to
the needles of a knitting machine; as for instance in the case of transferring the
heels of hose from a ""putting-on-bar"" to a machine for making the ""foot-bottoms
also putting ""rib-tops"" on for machine ""half-hose"" and in many similar instances.The object of my invention is to facilitate the production of knitted fabrics upon
knitting machines by means of improvements in the construction and working of
such machines.",GB188503355A,1885,1
"The object of my invention is to prevent the overflow of the fluid during the process of carrying or rocking the bath whilst developing photographs.

This invention relates in the first part, to photographic baths or trays for developing and like purposes, and has for its object, means for preventing the spilling of liquids, and staining of the hands, when the said baths or trays, are rocked, carried, or the said liquid contained within them agitated. In the 2nd part, to means for preventing overflowing on pouring.",GB189009413A,1890,0
"My improvements relate to self-acting mules and twiners for spinning and doubling fibrous materials and consist in arrangements by means of which I am enabled to impart motion to the tin-rollers and spindles used in such machines in a more efficient manner than heretofore. By means of the arrangements above described the tin-rollers and spindles are started without the driving belt (C) having first to overcome the inertia of the rim-shaft (d), rim (g), rim-band (s), tin-roller-pulley (³) and the rim-band-carrier-pulleys (¹). My invention thus enables the change from the inward run of the carriage (a) to the outward run thereof to be made more quickly, with less waste of power and with less wear and tear of the driving belt than in self-acting mules in which the ""vis-inertice"" of the parts has to be overcome whilst the driving belt is being traversed from the loose pulley to the fast pulley of the rim-shaft.",GB189316124A,1893,1
"The object of my invention is to bleach dyo size or wash a suitable large quantity of hanks of cotton, linen, jute or other fibres in considerable less time than is required by the use of any other machinery or apparatus known for the same purpose heretofore and whereby the work is also performed more satisfactorily as regards quality, and the cost thereof is considerably reduced. The object of my invention is to bleach dye size or wash a suitable large quantity of hanks of cotton linen jute or other fibres in considerable less time than is required by the use of any other machinery or apparatus known for the same purpose heretofore and whereby the work is also performed more satisfactorily as regards quality & the cost thereof is considerably reduced.",GB188406043A,1884,1
"This arrangement constitutes an important improvement, as regards the daily production, as well as being particularly adapted for the service of the broken weft, it effects great saving of time by the promptness of the stoppage and by returning the loom immediately to the position for the weft to be repaired. The tension regulator is represented in Figures 31 and 50, and is designed to give to the warp or chain threads a constant tension.",GB188205691A,1882,1
Our invention has for its object improvements in and relating to apparatus for registering the amount of beer or other liquids drawn by beer engines or others of a like nature and is designed to provide a means whereby the amount of beer or other liquids drawn by such engines can be correctly registered on certain dials without the froth or gas contained in the pipes of such engines affecting the registering apparatus in any way.,GB189912906A,1899,0
"Such being the nature and object of my said invention, the following is a
complete description of same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings
forming a part of this specification in which
Fig. 1 is a front elevation shewing part of ring rail of my improved ring and
improved anti ballooning wire.",GB188415722A,1884,0
"The object of this invention is to produce an improved apparatus for use as a vaporiser, so constructed that its use shall be more convenient and less dangerous than the lamps burning methylated or other spirit hitherto used for vaporising. Also our apparatus is so constructed that the fuel necessary to generate the heat, and the substance to be vaporised, shall be contained in distinct compartments of the apparatus_so that it can be conveyed already charged and ready for use with safety, as well as with a large saving in time and trouble when the vaporisation takes place.",GB189706288A,1897,1
"My invention relates to means of containing, and locally applying, a volatile liquid for the alleviation of pains in the head or other part of the human body, and it has for its object to provide for the safe custody of the fluid, the prevention of evaporation, and the limitation of the quantity used to that required at each application.",GB189501726A,1895,0
"The object of my invention is to provide an hydraulic lead press for coating wire and insulated cables with lead or other analogous material, and for similar uses; and my invention consists in the combination of devices hereinafter described.",GB188609926A,1886,0
"Obviously then, the perfect electrical steering gear, is one, wherein not only the direction of movement of the steering engine, will be entirely under the control of the steersman, but also the extent of movement thereof, so that he may know the exact position of the rudder at all times, and will be enabled to move the rudder in one position or the other, slowly or rapidly, and to any extent. Such a steering gear would combine all the advantages of a steam steering gear, with none of its defects. We believe therefore, that in this lies the secret of a perfect electric steering gear, and that is, to have the direction and extent of movement of the steering engine absolutely under the control of the steersman.",GB189310205A,1893,0
"My invention is intentionally and especially adapted for driving sewing machines, and others of a similar nature, by which great saving of time and labor is effected. My Invention has for its object the construction of a mechanical motive power in such a manner as to obtain direct equalised action from the main driving shaft, the equalising motion being conveyed by means of a novel apparatus in conjunction therewith, acting upon a rotary wheel or disc and in connection with the shaft before stated. Thereby superseding indirect and complicated methods such as those with drum, chain and spiral, which are costly and liable to get out of order, and become useless through breaking of the chain. And my Invention has for its object the simplification and arrangement of the mechanism so as to considerably lessen the cost of manufacturing the same.",GB188511192A,1885,1
"Our invention relates to ""Noble's"" and other combing machines wherein the rotating circular combs come near together for the purpose of having the fibre pressed between the teeth of the two combs the object of this improvement is to dispense with the dabbing brushes and use mechanical means herein described by which the wool is efficiently pressed between the teeth of the 'combs and the machine run at an increased speed. With dabbing brushes there is great wear and tear, and our object is to dispense with the use of them, and use other mechanical means as hereinafter described by which the fibre is effectually pressed between the teeth of the combs.",GB188203202A,1882,1
"This invention relates to an improved combination horse collar and hames and has for its object to improve generally the construction of the collar, whereby time is saved in harnessing and unharnessing especially in the case of restive animals or in speedily releasing the harness of a fallen horse; and at the same time to improve the appearance of same.",GB189808451A,1898,1
"The object of our invention is to construct perambulators in such a manner that the padding or cushions may be readily removed from such perambulators, so that the said padding or cushions may be conveniently carried and placed in a dry and more suitable place than would be practicable were they permanently attached to the body of the perambulator, at the same time such padding or cushions can be easily and quickly replaced on or in the body when the perambulator is required for use.",GB189200966A,1892,0
"This invention has for its object the production of a durable low cost wrench, which may be quickly applied to pipe and other objects to be turned without removing the wrench.",GB188902419A,1889,0
"One of the objects of the improved rotary printing machine is to enable a continuous web of paper to be printed with either ""perfecting work,"" that is to say, upon both sides of the sheet, or with work in two or three colours on one side only, that is to say, by printing each of the two or three colours on the same side of the sheet, one of the impressions in the case of three colours being obtained by the aid of the cylinders which previously served to perfect."" Another improvement which I have made in this machine, and which is applicable to all continuous web machines, consists in an apparatus serving to remove from the paper any dust which may be thereon, while it ensures the even tension of the web as it unwinds, in spite of any irregularities in the reel. This latter arrangement has the advantage of enabling the machine to work at a very high speed without having to fear the breaking of the paper.",GB188902631A,1889,1
The object of our invention is an improved manufacture of paper pulp from bamboo. The object of all these processes being to reject the outer skin or portion to about a of an inch or more.,GB189010259A,1890,0
"My invention relates to the method of and machinery whereby pocket flaps and pocket holes may be sewn and secured with greater speed than heretofore, and work executed as hereafter described is neater and more accurate than work hitherto per-forined in the ordinary way.",GB189712503A,1897,1
"""The object of this arrangement is to enable the same apparatus to be used for different voltages without changing its construction simply by connecting the sections in different ways.""

""The main object of the working of the apparatus is to bring in contact the upper carbons 109 and 110 with the fixed carbons 117 and 118, and to afterwards raise the lower movable carbons 114 and 115 in order to separate them from the fixed carbons 111 and 112.""

""In order to avoid this drawback, the car is provided with, besides the contact F, another contact, permanently connected to the return wire through the wheels of the car, said second contact having a resistance R which is such that the strength of the current which flows in the circuit when this second contact comes in contact with the block shall be as nearly as possible equal to I. At this moment the block will automatically become inoperative.""

""In order to avoid the injurious effects of the extra-current, the following device is used :-""

""On the other hand to avoid extra-currents it is sufficient to break the contacts very slowly.""

""To prevent these blocks from coming into circuit it is sufficient to prevent the corresponding electro-magnets from being connected to earth; to this end the electro magnets E¹+2 E+3 En++ instead of being connected to earth directly, are connected to a common cable which is connected to earth at desired moments, as will be hereinafter described.""

""To prevent these blocks from coming into circuit it will be sufficient to prevent communication of the corresponding electro-magnets to earth. For this purpose the electro-magnets E, +2, En + 3, En+ 4 instead of being directly connected to earth, are connected to a common cable which will be connected to earth at desired moments as will be hereinafter described.""

""To prevent these blocks from coming into circuit it is sufficient to prevent the corresponding electro-magnets from being connected to earth; to this end the electro-magnets E¹n +29 E' E' +4 instead of being connected to earth directly, are connected to a common cable which is connected to earth at desired moments, as will be hereinafter described.""

""The excitement of either of these blocks must therefore cause the connection of the electro-magnet En+1 of the block B+ with earth to be interrupted. For this purpose the wire of this electro-magnet may pass through the block Bn +2, but this block instead of being directly connected to earth, is connected to the block B¹n +2 and other words the two devices for interrupting communication of blocks B B'+2 to carth, are placed in series, so that whenever either of the blocks becomes operative, the connection to earth is broken and there will be no current in the block B +1""

""It is of the greatest importance to prevent an accidental connection of one of the blocks with the source of electricity; but this might happen by a shunt-circuit on the surface of the ground if the latter were damp.""

""To prevent this, each block may be placed in the centre of a metallic casing 21 (Figure 16) of any suitable shape, said casing being insulated from the contact, and permanently connected with the pole of the sign opposite to that which could unduly excite the block.""",GB189708295A,1897,0
"Our invention relates to vacuum pumps for exhausting the bulbs of electric lamps or other vessels in which great rarefaction of air is required, our object being to provide in simple and compact form for utilising the barometric column of mercury as a seal for the outlet of the discharged air.",GB188201031A,1882,0
"My Invention consists of a new railway system having for its chief objects to attain locomotion at a high speed with safety, comfort, and economy, and to effect a great saving of time, labor, and money in the construction of the railway; and it comprises a novel construction of the vehicles or rolling stock, and a novel construction of permanent way for the same to run upon.",GB187602693A,1876,1
"""This Invention has reference to a new or improved construction of portable machine or mechanism for the filling of sacks or bags with grain or other granular substances, which improvements are also applicable to portable sack or bag weighing machines, or to sack hand-barrows, and will save much time and labour in the filling and weighing of bags of grain and other substances.""

""To prevent the thin layer of scattered grain left below the elevator from being crushed by the wheels of the machine, a transverse revolving brush is fitted to the machine close down to the ground behind the lower drum of the elevator and in advance of the front central or steering wheel, so as to sweep the grain forward when actuated preferably by an endless crossed cord at one side passed over a pulley on the brush spindle and a corresponding pulley on the rear carrying wheels or their axle when that revolves as the machine is pushed forward to the heap of grain.""

""In either case or modification of this machine as specified sacks could be filled or filled and weighed with greater ease and expedition by a single attendant than has heretofore been effected by two, thus saving much time and labour at grain mills, stores, and other places where sacks or bags have to be filled with grain and other substances capable of being raised up by elevators.""

""My said Invention has reference to a new or improved construction of portable machine or mechanism for the filling of sacks or bags with grain or other granular substances, which improvements are also applicable to portable sack or bag weighing machines, or to sack hand-barrows, and will save much time and labour in the filling and weighing of bags of grain.""

""To prevent the thin layer or scattered grain left below the clevators from being crushed by the wheels a, a, of the machine, a transverse revolving brush or brushes may be fitted close down to the ground behind the lower drum B2 of the elevator, and a little in front of the steering wheel a¹¹, so as to sweep the grain forward, preferably by the action of an endless crossed band at one side, passed over a pulley on this brush spindle and a corresponding pulley on one of the rear carrying wheels a, a, or their axle a¹, while these revolve in pushing the machine forward to the heap of grain.""

""In either construction or modification of this machine as specified, sacks could be filled or filled and weighed with greater ease and expedition by a single attendant than has heretofore been effected by two, thus saving much time and labour at grain mills, stores, and other places where sacks or bags have to be filled with grain and other substances capable of being raised and delivered by elevators.""",GB187804154A,1878,1
"Our invention relates to improvements in safety lamps, which are provided with a chamber or receptacle for an extinguishing or non-combustible fluid, and the objects of our improvements is to provide a lamp, so constructed that in the event of the over-turning of the lamp by accident the extinguishing fluid would immediately cover the end of the wick which protrudes from the top of the burner and extinguish the flame, and by flowing over other articles that might be near, will render them non-combustible. The object of this recess,"" or openings is to allow a passage for the wick, to the centre of the burner, and into.",GB188915703A,1889,0
"The purpose of this invention is to enable persons without the use of a spoon or other similar gauge or implement, to accurately measure liquids from a bottle or other vessel or receptacle in which a stopper is used, without danger of losing any of the contents by spilling or otherwise, using for that purpose a hollow stopper in which the required quantity of the liquid can be poured.",GB189904576A,1899,0
"My said Invention relates to the supplying a certain quantity of syrup to each bottle for Aerated beverages. (In connection with Steam or Hand bottling machines), and has also for its object to diminish the labor and time required in syruping aerated water bottles. The object of my invention is to construct a machine for syruping aerated water bottles and to diminish the time and labor required in syruping said aerated water bottles.",GB188702278A,1887,1
"The apparatus of which a description is now to be given may be termed one possessing extensive surfaces; its essential principle consisting in this peculiarity, that the fluids to be acted upon may be kept in contact either with the exterior or interior parts thereof throughout. In the Drawing Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, represent an apparatus intended to communicate nearly instantaneously a portion of the heat contained in hot waste water produced in establishments for calico printing, dying, &c., or such as require hot or warm clean water to fresh clean cold water, in order to lessen as much as possible the consumption of time and fuel requisite to heat such clean cold water, a circumstance which has hitherto been unattended to, but which may nevertheless be very advantageous in manufacturing pursuits.",GB183005931A,1830,1
"This improved machine for dressing millstones is designed to supersede the complicated machines hitherto devised for that purpose, and to perform the work more rapidly and in a more perfect manner than it can possibly be done by the old hand process.",GB186502817A,1865,1
This invention has mainly for its object to construct a cleat not only in such a manner that a rope cord or chain having tension upon it can be rapidly and securely locked to it but also in such a manner that if the taut end of the cord rope or chain is allowed to slacken and there is any tension on the opposite end of the cord the cord shall still be locked and impeded from being drawn past the cleat the same portion of the cord remaining held by the cleat whether the cord be pulled in one direction or the other.,GB189419273A,1894,0
"This invention relates chiefly to the butter apron now commonly used on grain- binders, but is applicable to other endless aprons such as generally employed in harvesters and has for its primary purpose to provide a light; strong and equable tightener which will permit the rapid assembling and dismantling of the group of mechanism of which itself forms a component, while keeping the apron always taut when in use. Instead of mounting the idle roller in fixed bearings as heretofore, it is the purpose to make it elastically yielding, in order to keep the apron in a constant state of tension. Now, as before stated, one of the difficulties encountered in the use of thes butter-aprons is that the loose flap of canvas where the ends are united, and th ends of the straps uniting these flaps, fly out and whip against the supportin bracket whenever they are whirled round the pivotal driving roller, and so the are speedily worn out. To prevent this it is herein proposed to attach to th bracket, or to the adjacent frame-work a shield or guide which may be a sing piece of sheet inetal or may be composed of two fingers extending out parallel wit the back or unexposed portion of the belt or apron, and in close proximity to i surface and curved at their ends, so that the flap approaching them, while still i the straight fly of the belt, shall be pressed down, keeping with it the straps, unt it is practically past the supporting bracket and there is no longer any danger o its being whirled out and striking it.This invention relates chiefly to the butter-apron now commonly used on grain- binders, but is, as to the leading feature, applicable to other endless aprons such as generally employed in harvesters. The primary purpose is to provide a strong, light and equable tightener, which will permit the rapid assembling and dismantling of the group of mechanism of which itself forms a component, while keeping the apron always taut when mounted for work. Instead of mounting the idle-roller in fixed bearings as heretofore, it is the purpose to make it elastically yielding, in order to keep the apron D in a constant state of tension. Now, as-before stated, one of the difficulties encountered in the use of these butter-aprons is that the loose flap of canvas where the ends are united, and the ends of the straps uniting the flaps, fly out and whip against the supporting bracket whenever they are worn out. To prevent this it is herein proposed to attach to the bracket, or to the adjacent frame-work, a shield or guide G which may be a single piece of sheet-metal, but it is, in the present instance, shown as composed of two fingers g extending out parallel with the back or unexposed portion of the belt or apron and in close proximity to its surface, and curved at their ends, so that the flap approaching them, while still in the straight ply of the belt, shall be pressed down keeping with it the straps, until it is practically past the supporting bracket, and there is no longer any danger of its being whirled out and striking that.",GB188507855A,1885,1
The object being that the lifting tendency of the water on the lower planes of the cone shall be neutralized by the impact on the upper planes.,GB187101353A,1871,0
Now the object of my invention is to overcome this difficulty by providing means whereby the extraction can be very rapidly effected.,GB188908596A,1889,1
"The object of this invention is to render folding and other packing cases, boxes, crates and travelling trunks cheaper and also more convenient, secure, and generally applicable. The object of this invention is to render folding and other packing cases, boxes, crates, and travelling trunks cheaper and also more convenient, strong, secure and generally applicable.",GB188616837A,1886,0
"The apparatus hereinafter described is designed to obviate these disadvantages and is applicable both to the use of chloride of calcium, or of sulphuric acid.",GB188915531A,1889,0
"This invention relates to appliances aforesaid where steam, liquids, or gases have to be regulated by stop cocks or valves the working parts of which rapidly wear out and the said cocks or valves have to be taken from the pipes, vessels, or other parts to which they are attached to be repaired causing loss of time and stoppage. The object of this invention is to remedy the defect referred to and render the valves or cocks permanently useful and to do away with taking the valves or cocks from the pipes or other parts when renewals are necessary.",GB188916506A,1889,1
"This Invention has reference to a new circular motion weaving machine, specially suitable for weaving ladies' straw hats and the like.",GB189623732A,1896,0
"Studs made according to my improvements are easily inserted through a slit, do not break or rumple a shirt front, and are securely held when inserted.",GB186600187A,1866,0
"Our invention has for its object arrangements for increasing or decreasing the amount of twist to be put in the yarn or thread without necessarily altering the speed of the front rollers.

Our invention has for its object arrangements for increasing or decreasing the amount of twist to be put in the yarn or thread without necessarily altering the speed of the front rollers or the speed of the first motion driving shaft.",GB188407889A,1884,0
"My invention relates to certain improvements in window and other blinds, more especially of the type or kind generally known as ""Venetian,"" and has for its object the construction and arrangement of blinds in such a manner as not to exclude the light by interposing an opaque mass when it is desired to uncover the window or other opening to which said blind may be adapted.",GB189214224A,1892,0
"My invention is more particularly applicable to the lining of metal tubes for conduit purposes, and its objects are, First, to effect the lining of said tubes with much greater speed than has heretofore been possible; second, to avoid the tearing or rupturing of the paper or analogous lining material as it is drawn into the metal tube; third, to effect the formation of the paper lining in a tube by simply drawing it through a die in the direction of the length of the strip from which it is formed; fourth, to thoroughly expand, and thereby unite the paper lining to the inner wall of the tube to be lined after it is once drawn therein; fifth, to accomplish any and all of the results necessarily attributable to the methods of operation and the mechanism for effecting such operation, as hereinafter described. I am aware that it has also been proposed to line a metallic tube by drawing a paper strip or strips within said tube, and simultaneously coating said strip or strips with paste or other adhesive agent, and then drawing a former or expanding mandrel therethrough so as to cause the two tubes to be firmly united together. These methods of lining tubes, while productive of good results, were not capable of being effected with such speed or efficiency as is possible with my present improvement, and it is with the object of effecting further improvements in the methods of lining tubes that the present invention has been devised.",GB189617121A,1896,1
"The object of this Invention is to economise time and lighten the really hard labour which has hitherto been inseparable from washing, -and-to combine together in my improved machine simplicity, usefulness, and efficiency. The object of making the corrugations finer on one roller than on the other is to prevent the clothes being either torn or destroyed by being nipped between such rollers, which would be the case if each roller were fluted to a similar scale or pitch.",GB187503140A,1875,1
My Invention has for its object to afford the rider of the bicycle tricycle or velocipede the power of lengthening or shortening the cranks carrying the pedals on which the feet operate without moving from his seat or arresting the motion of the bicycle tricycle or velocipede. By my Invention the rider at pleasure increases the length of the cranks on which his feet operate when ascending a hill or when any obstacle such for example as a rough road has to be encountered and shortens the said cranks when travelling on a level road or when there is no special obstacle to be overcome.,GB188401006A,1884,0
"The said grooved channels are intended each to receive the end of the screw commonly employed for fixing a knob or handle on to a door spindle. These bosses are intended to take into a hole made in the neck of each door knob to receive the screw for fixing the knob on to the spindle, and for this purpose the aforesaid bosses are tapped to receive their respective screws.",GB187501051A,1875,0
"The ultimate object to be attained by the Invention is the passing of boats or other vessels from a bigher to a lower level, or contrarywise, upon canals, without the loss or expenditure of water, I will proceed to describe the application of the said Invention to that purpose, as follows, that is to say:-The dotted line over which upper level is written in Figure 1 represents the height of the water in the upper level of the canal, and the dotted line over which lower level is written represents the height of the water in the lower level of the said canal.",GB181804302A,1818,0
"My Invention relates to the railway couplings which are employed to connect railway locomotives with wagons or vehicles, and also to connect together the said wagons or vehicles, and the object of my Invention is to enable the connection of such bodies to be effected in less time & with less labour, & also with less danger to the operator, than is incurred when effecting the connection and disconnection in the ordinary manner.",GB187403542A,1874,1
"This invention has for its object to greatly facilitate the opening and closing of window sashes, and to permit of the window being left sufficiently open for ventilation, with security. This invention has for its object to greatly facilitate the opening and closing of window sashes. and to permit of the window being left sufficiently open for ventilation. with security.",GB188902817A,1889,0
"Our present improvements have for their object, firstly to prevent the paper, after having been corrugated or embossed, from flattening or spreading before it is cemented on to the flat sheet, and secondly to enable two. such corrugated sheets to be simultaneously cemented on to two flat sheets, thus doing double the amount of work at the same time in one machine.

Our present invention has for its object to strengthen such fabric and at the same time to facilitate its more rapid manufacture by preventing the paper after having been corrugated or embossed by passing between two corrugating or embossing rollers or cylinders from flattening or spreading before it is cemented on to the flat sheet, and it consists mainly in passing one or more threads, tapes, or thin wires over the surface of the corrugated sheet as it enters between the corrugated rollers, so as, when it leaves the one corrugating roller, to hold it down on the second roller until the flat sheet coated with cementitious matter is applied thereto, such sheet being thereby made to enclose the thread or threads between it and the corrugated sheet, so as to permanently form part of and strengthen the resilient packing material produced.",GB189308953A,1893,1
The object of my invention being to economise the cost of labour and reduce the time hitherto required for compressing ensilage materials.,GB188301807A,1883,1
"The Invention has for its object not only to improve Starch as herein before mentioned generally so as to render the same more mellow and more free from that peculiar odour and flavour or taste resulting from the process of drying such substances under the influence of artificial heat, but also to render the granulation thereof more complete and the lumps usually called crystals less brittle and larger in size.The Invention has for its object not only to improve Starch as herein before described generally so as to render the same mellow and also more free from that peculiar odour and flavour or taste resulting from the process of drying such substances under the influence of artifical heat but also to render the granulation more complete and the lumps usually called “Crystals"" less brittle and larger in size.",GB188302703A,1883,0
"The object of my invention is to construct a knitting machine in which are combined the rapidity of production of a rotary machine and the facility for shoping the web possessed by a straight machine having opposite rows of needles and reciprocating cam boxes and thread gundes. This object attain by arranging two tows of needles in segmental form and using in connection therewith two sets of rotating thread guides and stitch forming devices, ono set moving mone direction and acting in conjunction with one segmental row of needles and the other set moving in the opposite direction and operating in conjunction with the other row of needles, the thiend being transferred from one thread guide to the other at each end of the acting set of needles -o that while the thread guides continuously rotate, the knitting operation is a back and forth movement, the thread being laid in one set of needles while its guide is travelling in one direction and in the other set of needles while its guide is travelling in the opposite direction so that needles can be brought into action at the end of the acting set in either 10w in order to widen the web, or can have their stitches transferred and he thrown out of action with the same facility as in the case of straight machines having opposite rows of needles.",GB189509554A,1895,1
"Now according to this invention in order to enable type that may have become jammed together in the main channel, or main and feeding channels, to be instantly removed from such channel or channels so that the working of the machine can be continued without the serious loss of time heretofore usual, a portion of the board or upright in which the said main and feeding passage are formed is, so constructed and arranged that it can be readily and quickly moved by the machine operator away from the, remaining portion of the board or, upright and into a position in which type that may have become jammed will fall away by gravity and so leave the channel or channels clear for succeeding type. Now in order to obviate this serious disadvantage, the rotary eccentric packing device is so arranged and its throw is so adjusted, that the space between the last type in the composing channel 7 and the periphery of the eccentric, when the centre of the eccentric is in its rearmost position, is of less thickness than that of the largest type-the mutton quad of the particular kind of type being packed, by an amount equal to the distance which each type will be moved forward by the centrifugal force or forward impulse imparted to it by the action of the eccentric independently of the distance it will be fed forward by the throw of the eccentric alone and which in the case of an eccentric of about 3/4 (three quarters) of an inch in diameter has been found to be about 1/30 (one thirtieth) of an inch.",GB189824305A,1898,1
"These and other drawbacks are avoided in the system forming the subject-matter of the present invention. An important feature of my invention resides however, in letting the compressed air not completely expand within said motor, but letting it escape from the same with a comparatively high tension, in a similar manner as is the case with steam working within the high pressure cylinder of a compound- or multiple-expansion-engine.",GB189706723A,1897,0
"My Invention, which has for its object the mode of ornamenting and finishing certain articles of hardware, as aforesaid, consists in forming, by means of separate castings, the various ornamental portions of fire-irons, grates, and range fittings, and suspending curtain ring holders for French bedsteads, such as the boss or knob handles and swells, or vase centres, in place of the method of forging and turning the same as hitherto, whereby a considerable saving in the time and cost of producing the said articles is effected, as also a greater variety of pattern obtained.",GB185901942A,1859,1
"""The object of the eccentric pin is to prevent a tightness from occuring in cases where the cranks may not be made exactly the same length. There is a large number and they have to be made exceedingly accurate in order to pass each other, and unless the deviating pin is used, they cannot be driven at a great speed.""",GB189010334A,1890,1
"""Now the object of the present Invention is to provide a means for closing or securing the mouths of the bags containing articles of merchandise in a facile and expeditious manner, and without the necessity for using string or twine."".""Now the object of the present Invention is to avoid these disadvantages by providing means for closing or securing the mouths of bags containing articles of merchandise in a strong, facile, and expeditious manner without the use of twine or string.""",GB188002206A,1880,1
"Our invention relates to dumping-buckets, especially of that character of bucket employed in loading and unloading coal and analogous material; and it has for its object to construct a counterbalance-bucket which, when tripped to discharge the contents, shall automatically adjust for the reception of another load. A further object is to construct a bucket having a central post rigidly connected with the bottom and arranged to move vertically within an annular guide within the bucket. A further object is to provide a cone-shaped bottom having a concave surface to deflect the moving load in its discharge with a maximum radius from the same, whereby to properly ""trim"" the load. A further object is to provide a yielding bearing for the central post to relieve the same from rigid impact when the weight of the load is sustained thereon. A further object is to provide an automatically-adjustable catch for the trip mechanism, there being further details of construction and arrangements of parts to insure rigidity and cheapness, which will be hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.",GB189009798A,1890,0
"This improvement is more especially designed for piston valves, but may be adopted in other kinds of pistons. It consists in the construction of such a valve or of any piston with an expanding ring, having the head and follower fitted to its interior and with a dovetail wedge, so applied in connection with the ring head and follower as to make the valve or piston as much like a solid block as is desirable, yet capable of being set out to fit the cylinder in which it works and compensate for wear.",GB186300201A,1863,0
"This invention relates to a method of connecting rods or tubes, either tubes, either solid or hollow, together forming structural parts of metallic bedsteads, or other constructions, which may be formed in a similar manner, and has for its object, a joint or connector by which two or more such rods or tubes may be secured together in a rapid, rigid, and much more convenient manner than heretofore.",GB188510150A,1885,1
"The object of the present invention is to provide a conducting means or chute organized for receiving the articles or crowns in differently-faced relation as they may enter thereinto without regard to their order and adapted for effecting within the chute the separation and reversal of a portion of said crowns or the partial rotation or turning of the crowns in a manner to bring them all into uniformly-facing relation and regular order at the position of delivery, as more fully hereinafter explained. Another object is to provide, in a chute of the character describod having dual passages, a finger or gate device at the convergent part of the passage to control the action of the crowns and avoid their clogging the passage at the junction thereof.",GB189900136A,1899,0
"The object of our invention is to accelerate the speed and output, or otherwise to lessen the chances of breakages in the machinery,-by providing a traversing motion which shall hold the mould-table at all times under complete control whilst permitting it to be run at a quicker speed, or with a more steady and regular movement, or with all these advantages.",GB188804656A,1888,1
The object of my invention is to do away with the necessity of threading the rods through the eyes-thus saving time in fixing and releasing the same.,GB188413071A,1884,1
"This invention has for its object to so arrange a motor whose pistons and work-
ing parts are initially in themselves balanced so far as reciprocating motions are
concerned, in such a way as to destroy the intermittance of the turning movement
""rotational recoil"" of the impulses.

This invention has for its object to so arrange a motor whose pistons and work-
ing parts are initially in themselves balanced, so far as reciprocating motions are
concerned, in such a way as to destroy the intermittence or rotational recoil ""
of the impulses.",GB189912244A,1899,0
"This invention refers to an improved pencil for use in retouching photographic negatives, bromide prints, and the like, and also for ali ordinary drawing purposes, and is designed chiefly to reduce the difficulty and time in retouching photographic negatives, bromide prints, and the like, as by the arrangement of the pencil hereinafter described, the lead is deposited on the photographic negative or the like, by the simple direct pressure of the pencil, without any other motion of the hand being required.",GB189109993A,1891,1
"This invention relates to improvements in connection with pneumatic tyres, and is intended to provide a simple means by which the tyre may be automatically inflated as the wheel revolves.",GB189615248A,1896,0
"My Invention relates to apparatus for communicating with the interior of china, earthenware, and other kilns used for the burning of pottery and other descriptions of clay wares by indicating on a dial or by other indicating means on the outside of the kiln the degrees of contraction of a piece of unburnt clay placed in the apparatus inside the kiln, whereby may be ascertained from time to time the condition in relation to contraction of the wares being burned during the process of burning, as well as when the wares may be regarded as being sufficiently burnt.",GB188105158A,1881,0