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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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library_name: colpali
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- vidore
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---
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# ColPali: Visual Retriever based on PaliGemma-3B with ColBERT strategy
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ColPali is a model based on a novel model architecture and training strategy based on Vision Language Models (VLMs) to efficiently index documents from their visual features.
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It is a [PaliGemma-3B](https://huggingface.co/google/paligemma-3b-mix-448) extension that generates [ColBERT](https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.12832)- style multi-vector representations of text and images.
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It was introduced in the paper [ColPali: Efficient Document Retrieval with Vision Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.01449) and first released in [this repository](https://github.com/ManuelFay/colpali)
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## Model Description
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This model is trained with 150k samples from the Docmatix dataset (and not the original train set) - with mined hard negatives + in-batch cntrastive loss !
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This model is built iteratively starting from an off-the-shelf [SigLIP](https://huggingface.co/google/siglip-so400m-patch14-384) model.
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We finetuned it to create [BiSigLIP](https://huggingface.co/vidore/bisiglip) and fed the patch-embeddings output by SigLIP to an LLM, [PaliGemma-3B](https://huggingface.co/google/paligemma-3b-mix-448) to create [BiPali](https://huggingface.co/vidore/bipali).
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One benefit of inputting image patch embeddings through a language model is that they are natively mapped to a latent space similar to textual input (query).
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This enables leveraging the [ColBERT](https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.12832) strategy to compute interactions between text tokens and image patches, which enables a step-change improvement in performance compared to BiPali.
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## Model Training
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### Dataset
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Our training dataset of 127,460 query-page pairs is comprised of train sets of openly available academic datasets (63%) and a synthetic dataset made up of pages from web-crawled PDF documents and augmented with VLM-generated (Claude-3 Sonnet) pseudo-questions (37%).
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Our training set is fully English by design, enabling us to study zero-shot generalization to non-English languages. We explicitly verify no multi-page PDF document is used both [*ViDoRe*](https://huggingface.co/collections/vidore/vidore-benchmark-667173f98e70a1c0fa4db00d) and in the train set to prevent evaluation contamination.
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A validation set is created with 2% of the samples to tune hyperparameters.
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*Note: Multilingual data is present in the pretraining corpus of the language model (Gemma-2B) and potentially occurs during PaliGemma-3B's multimodal training.*
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### Parameters
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All models are trained for 1 epoch on the train set. Unless specified otherwise, we train models in `bfloat16` format, use low-rank adapters ([LoRA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.09685))
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with `alpha=32` and `r=32` on the transformer layers from the language model,
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as well as the final randomly initialized projection layer, and use a `paged_adamw_8bit` optimizer.
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We train on an 8 GPU setup with data parallelism, a learning rate of 5e-5 with linear decay with 2.5% warmup steps, and a batch size of 32.
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## Usage
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```python
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import torch
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import typer
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from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
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from tqdm import tqdm
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from transformers import AutoProcessor
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from PIL import Image
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from colpali_engine.models.paligemma_colbert_architecture import ColPali
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from colpali_engine.trainer.retrieval_evaluator import CustomEvaluator
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from colpali_engine.utils.colpali_processing_utils import process_images, process_queries
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from colpali_engine.utils.image_from_page_utils import load_from_dataset
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def main() -> None:
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"""Example script to run inference with ColPali"""
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# Load model
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model_name = "manu/colpali-3b-mix-448-docmatix-only"
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model = ColPali.from_pretrained("google/paligemma-3b-mix-448", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map="cuda").eval()
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model.load_adapter(model_name)
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processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(model_name)
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# select images -> load_from_pdf(<pdf_path>), load_from_image_urls(["<url_1>"]), load_from_dataset(<path>)
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images = load_from_dataset("vidore/docvqa_test_subsampled")
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queries = ["From which university does James V. Fiorca come ?", "Who is the japanese prime minister?"]
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# run inference - docs
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dataloader = DataLoader(
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images,
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batch_size=4,
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shuffle=False,
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collate_fn=lambda x: process_images(processor, x),
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)
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ds = []
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for batch_doc in tqdm(dataloader):
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with torch.no_grad():
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batch_doc = {k: v.to(model.device) for k, v in batch_doc.items()}
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embeddings_doc = model(**batch_doc)
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ds.extend(list(torch.unbind(embeddings_doc.to("cpu"))))
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# run inference - queries
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dataloader = DataLoader(
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queries,
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batch_size=4,
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shuffle=False,
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collate_fn=lambda x: process_queries(processor, x, Image.new("RGB", (448, 448), (255, 255, 255))),
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)
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qs = []
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for batch_query in dataloader:
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with torch.no_grad():
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batch_query = {k: v.to(model.device) for k, v in batch_query.items()}
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embeddings_query = model(**batch_query)
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qs.extend(list(torch.unbind(embeddings_query.to("cpu"))))
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# run evaluation
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retriever_evaluator = CustomEvaluator(is_multi_vector=True)
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scores = retriever_evaluator.evaluate(qs, ds)
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print(scores.argmax(axis=1))
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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typer.run(main)
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```
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## Limitations
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- **Focus**: The model primarily focuses on PDF-type documents and high-ressources languages, potentially limiting its generalization to other document types or less represented languages.
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- **Support**: The model relies on multi-vector retreiving derived from the ColBERT late interaction mechanism, which may require engineering efforts to adapt to widely used vector retrieval frameworks that lack native multi-vector support.
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## License
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ColPali's vision language backbone model (PaliGemma) is under `gemma` license as specified in its [model card](https://huggingface.co/google/paligemma-3b-mix-448). The adapters attached to the model are under MIT license.
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## Contact
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- Manuel Faysse: manuel.faysse@illuin.tech
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- Hugues Sibille: hugues.sibille@illuin.tech
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- Tony Wu: tony.wu@illuin.tech
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## Citation
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If you use any datasets or models from this organization in your research, please cite the original dataset as follows:
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```bibtex
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@misc{faysse2024colpaliefficientdocumentretrieval,
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title={ColPali: Efficient Document Retrieval with Vision Language Models},
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author={Manuel Faysse and Hugues Sibille and Tony Wu and Bilel Omrani and Gautier Viaud and Céline Hudelot and Pierre Colombo},
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year={2024},
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eprint={2407.01449},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.IR},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.01449},
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}
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```
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