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library_name: transformers
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tags: []
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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##
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Metrics
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Results
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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[More Information Needed]
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### Compute Infrastructure
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Hardware
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Software
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[More Information Needed]
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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[More Information Needed]
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**APA:**
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[More Information Needed]
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## Glossary [optional]
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<!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## More Information [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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## Model Card Authors [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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## Model Card Contact
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[More Information Needed]
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---
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language:
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- multilingual
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license: apache-2.0
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tags:
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- nlp
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- code
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- vision
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- chemistry
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- engineering
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- biology
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- bio-inspired
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- text-generation-inference
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- materials science
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pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
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inference:
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parameters:
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temperature: 0.3
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widget:
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- messages:
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- role: user
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content: <|image_1|>Can you describe what you see in the image?
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library_name: transformers
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## Model Summary
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Cephalo is a series of multimodal materials science focused vision large language models (V-LLMs) designed to integrate visual and linguistic data for advanced understanding and interaction in human-AI or multi-agent AI frameworks.
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A novel aspect of Cephalo's development is the innovative dataset generation method. The extraction process employs advanced algorithms to accurately detect and separate images and their corresponding textual descriptions from complex PDF documents. It involves extracting images and captions from PDFs to create well-reasoned image-text pairs, utilizing large language models (LLMs) for natural language processing. These image-text pairs are then refined and validated through LLM-based NLP processing, ensuring high-quality and contextually relevant data for training.
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Cephalo can interpret complex visual scenes and generating contextually accurate language descriptions and answer queries.
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The model is developed to process diverse inputs, including images and text, facilitating a broad range of applications such as image captioning, visual question answering, and multimodal content generation. The architecture combines a vision encoder model and an autoregressive transformer to process complex natural language understanding.
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![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/623ce1c6b66fedf374859fe7/kl5GWBP9WS0D4uwd1t3S7.png)
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Cephalo provides a robust framework for multimodal interaction and understanding, including the development of complex generative pipelines to create 2D and 3D renderings of material microstructures as input for additive manufacturing methods.
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This version of Cephalo, lamm-mit/Cephalo-Phi-3-vision-128k-4b, is based on the Phi-3-Vision-128K-Instruct model. The model has a context length of 128,000 tokens. Further details, see: https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-vision-128k-instruct.
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### Chat Format
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Given the nature of the training data, the Cephalo-Phi-3-vision-128k-4b model is best suited for a single image input wih prompts using the chat format as follows.
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You can provide the prompt as a single image with a generic template as follow:
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```markdown
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<|user|>\n<|image_1|>\n{prompt}<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n
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```
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where the model generates the text after `<|assistant|>` . For multi-turn conversations, the prompt should be formatted as follows:
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```markdown
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<|user|>\n<|image_1|>\n{prompt_1}<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n{response_1}<|end|>\n<|user|>\n{prompt_2}<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n
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```
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### Sample inference code
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This code snippets show how to get quickly started on a GPU:
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```python
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from PIL import Image
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import requests
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM
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from transformers import AutoProcessor
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model_id = "lamm-mit/Cephalo-Phi-3-vision-128k-4b"
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, device_map="cuda", trust_remote_code=True, torch_dtype="auto")
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processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(model_id, trust_remote_code=True)
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messages = [
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{"role": "user", "content": "<|image_1|>\nWhat is shown in this image, and what is the relevance for materials design?"},
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]
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url = "https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2018/02/Ants_Lede1300.jpg"
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image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
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prompt = processor.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
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inputs = processor(prompt, [image], return_tensors="pt").to("cuda:0")
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generation_args = {
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"max_new_tokens": 512,
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"temperature": 0.1,
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"do_sample": True,
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"stop_strings": ['<|end|>',
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'<|endoftext|>'],
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"tokenizer": processor.tokenizer,
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}
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generate_ids = model.generate(**inputs, eos_token_id=processor.tokenizer.eos_token_id, **generation_args)
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# remove input tokens
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generate_ids = generate_ids[:, inputs['input_ids'].shape[1]:]
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response = processor.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False)[0]
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print(response)
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```
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Sample output:
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![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/623ce1c6b66fedf374859fe7/5n6oRNHrfwHkBX0QertZp.png)
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<small>Image by [Vaishakh Manohar](https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-simple-algorithm-that-ants-use-to-build-bridges-20180226/)</small>
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<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">
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The image shows a group of red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) forming a bridge between two wooden posts. The relevance for materials design lies in the ants' ability to construct a bridge using their body parts, which demonstrates the potential for biomimetic design. Biomimetic design involves emulating natural processes and structures to create new materials and technologies. The ants' bridge construction could inspire the development of novel materials with enhanced structural properties, such as lightweight yet strong materials for construction and engineering applications.
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</pre>
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## Dataset generation
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The schematic below shows a visualization of the approach to generate datasets for training the vision model. The extraction process employs advanced algorithms to accurately detect and separate images and their corresponding textual descriptions from complex PDF documents. It involves extracting images and captions from PDFs to create well-reasoned image-text pairs, utilizing large language models (LLMs) for natural language processing. These image-text pairs are then refined and validated through LLM-based NLP processing, ensuring high-quality and contextually relevant data for training.
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The image below shows reproductions of two representative pages of the scientific article (here, Spivak, Buehler, et al., 2011), and how they are used to extract visual scientific data for training the Cephalo model.
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![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/623ce1c6b66fedf374859fe7/qHURSBRWEDgHy4o56escN.png)
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## Citation
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Please cite as:
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```
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@article{Buehler_Cephalo_2024,
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title = {Cephalo, a series of multi-modal vision-language models for bio-inspired materials and mechanics},
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author = {M.J. Buehler},
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journal = {},
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year = {2024},
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volume = {},
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pages = {},
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url = {}
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}
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```
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