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-                     A Decade of Have I Been Pwned
-
-     * *  *  *  * 04 December 2023
-
-   A decade ago to the day, I published a tweet launching what would
-   surely become yet another pet project that scratched an itch, was
-   kinda useful to a few people but other than that, would shortly
-   fade away into the same obscurity as all the other ones I'd
-   launched over the previous couple of decades:
-
-     It's alive! "Have I been pwned?" by @troyhunt is now up and
-     running. Search for your account across multiple breaches
-     http://t.co/U0QyHZxP6k
-
-     — Have I Been Pwned (@haveibeenpwned) December 4, 2013
-
-   And then, as they say, things kinda escalated quickly. The very
-   next day I published a blog post about how I made it so fast to
-   search through 154M records and thus began a now 185-post epic
-   where I began detailing the minutiae of how I built this thing,
-   the decisions I made about how to run it and commentary on all
-   sorts of different breaches. And now, a 10th birthday blog post
-   about what really sticks out a decade later. And that's precisely
-   what this 185th blog post tagging HIBP is - the noteworthy things
-   of the years past, including a few things I've never discussed
-   publicly before.
-
-  Pwned?
-
-   You know why it's called "Have I Been Pwned"? Try coming up with
-   almost any conceivable normal sounding English name and getting a
-   .com domain for it. Good luck! That was certainly part of it, but
-   another part of the name choice was simply that I honestly didn't
-   expect this thing to go anywhere. It's like I said in the intro of
-   this post where I fully expected this to be another failed
-   project, so why does the name matter?
-
-   But it's weird how "pwned" has stuck and increasingly, become
-   synonymous with HIBP. For many people, the first time they ever
-   hear the word is in the context of "Have I Been..." with an
-   ensuing discussion often explaining the origins of the term as it
-   relates to gaming culture. And if you do go and look for a
-   definition of the term online, you'll come across resources such
-   as How “PWNED” went from hacker slang to the internet’s favourite
-   taunt:
-
-     Then in 2013, when various web services and sites saw an uptick
-     in personal data breaches, security expert Troy Hunt created the
-     website “Have I Been Pwned?” Anyone can type in an email address
-     into the site to check if their personal data has been
-     compromised in a security breach.
-
-   And somehow, this little project is now referenced in the
-   definition of the name it emerged from. Weird.
-
-   But, because it's such an odd name that has so frequently been
-   mispronounced or mistyped, I've ended up with a whole raft of
-   bizarre domain names including haveibeenpaened.com,
-   haveibeenpwnded.com, haveibeenporned.com and my personal
-   favourite, haveibeenprawned.com (because a journo literally
-   pronounced it that way in a major news segment 🤦‍♂️). Not to
-   mention all the other weird variations including
-   haveibeenburned.com, haveigotpwned.com, haveibeenrekt.com and
-   after someone made the suggestion following the revelation that
-   PornHub follows me, haveibeenfucked.com 🤷‍♂️
-
-  Press
-
-   It's difficult to even know where to start here. How does the
-   little site with the weird name end up in the press? Inevitably,
-   "because data breaches", and it's nuts just how much exposure this
-   project has had because of them. These are often mainstream news
-   events and what reporters often want to impart to people is along
-   the lines of "Here's what you should do if you've been impacted",
-   which often boils down to checking HIBP.
-
-   Press is great for raising awareness of the project, but it has
-   also quite literally DDoS'd the service with the Martin Lewis
-   Money Show in the UK knocking it offline in 2016. Cool! No, for
-   real, I learned some really valuable lessons from that experience
-   which, of course, I shared in a blog post. And then ensured could
-   never happen again.
-
-   Back in 2018, Gizmodo reckoned HIBP was one of the top 100
-   websites that shaped the internet as we knew it, alongside the
-   likes of Wikipedia, Google, Amazon and Goatse (don't Google it).
-   Only the year after it launched, TIME magazine reckon'd it was one
-   of the 50 best websites of the year. And every time I do a Google
-   search for a major news outlet, I find this little website. The
-   Wall Street Journal. The Standard (nice headline!) USA Today.
-   Toronto Star. De Telegraaf. VG. Le Monde. Corriere della Sera.
-   It's wild - I just kept Googling for the largest newspapers in
-   various parts of the world and kept getting hits!
-
-   The point is that it's had impact, and nobody is more surprised
-   about that than me.
-
-  Congress
-
-   How on earth did I end up here?!
-
-   6 years and a few days ago now, I found myself in a place I'd only
-   ever seen before in the movies: Congress. American Congress.
-   Saying "pwned"!
-
-   For reasons I still struggle to completely grasp, the folks there
-   thought it would be a good idea if I flew to the other side of the
-   world and talked about the impact of data breaches on identity
-   verification. "You know they're just trying to get you to DC so
-   they can arrest you for all that stolen data you have, right?! 🤣",
-   the internet quipped. But instead, I had one of the most memorable
-   moments of my career as I read my testimony (these are public
-   hearings so it's all recorded and available to watch), responded
-   to questions from congressmen and congresswomen and rounded out
-   the trip staring down at where they inaugurate presidents:
-
-   Today, that photo adorns the wall outside my office and dozens of
-   times a day I look at it and ask the same question - how did it
-   all lead to this?!
-
-  Svalbard
-
-   The potential sale of HIBP was a very painful, very expensive
-   chapter of life, announced in a blog post from June 2019. For the
-   most part, I was as transparent and honest as I could be about the
-   reasons behind the decision, including the stress:
-
-     To be completely honest, it's been an enormously stressful year
-     dealing with it all.
-
-   More than one year later, I finally wrote about the source of so
-   much of that stress: divorce. Relationship circumstances had put a
-   huge amount of pressure on me and I needed a relief valve which at
-   the time, I thought would be the sale of the project I loved so
-   much but was becoming increasingly demanding. Ultimately, Project
-   Svalbard (the code name for the sale of HIBP), had the opposite
-   effect as years of bitter legal battles with my ex ensued, in part
-   due to the perceived value that would have been realised had it
-   been sold and some big tech company owned my arse for years to
-   come. The project I built out of a passion to do community good
-   was now being used as a tool to extract as much money out of me as
-   possible. There's a wild story to be told there one day but whilst
-   that saga is now well and truly behind me, the scars are still
-   raw.
-
-   There were many times throughout Project Svalbard where I felt
-   like I was living out an episode of Silicon Valley, especially as
-   I hopped between interviews at the who's-who of tech firms in San
-   Francisco to meet potential acquirers. But there was one moment in
-   particular that I knew at the time would form an indelible memory,
-   so I took a photo of it:
-
-   I'm sitting in a rental car in Yosemite whilst driving from the
-   aforementioned meetings in SF and onto Vegas for the annual big
-   cyber-events. I had a scheduled call with a big tech firm who was
-   a potential acquirer and should that deal go through, the guy I
-   was speaking to would be my new boss. I'd done that dozens of
-   times by now and I don't know if it was because I was especially
-   tired or emotional or if there was something in the way he phrased
-   the question, but this triggered something deep inside me:
-
-     So Troy, what would your perfect day in the office look like?
-
-   I didn't say it this directly, but I kid you not this is exactly
-   what popped into my mind:
-
-     I get on my jet ski and I do whatever the fuck I want
-
-   My potential new overlord had somehow managed to find exactly the
-   raw nerve to touch that made me realise how valuable independence
-   had become to me. 6 months later, Project Svalbard was dead after
-   a deal I'd struck fell through. I still can't talk about the
-   precise circumstances due to being NDA'd up to wazoo, but the term
-   we chose to use was "a change of business circumstances on behalf
-   of the purchaser". With the benefit of hindsight, I've never been
-   so happy to have lost so much 😊
-
-  The FBI
-
-   10 years ago, I certainly didn't see this on the cards:
-
-     This is so cool, thanks @FBI 😊 pic.twitter.com/aqMi3as91O
-
-     — Troy Hunt (@troyhunt) June 28, 2023
-
-   Nor did I expect them to be actively feeding data into HIBP. Or
-   the UK's NCA to be feeding data in. Or various other law
-   enforcement agencies the world over. And I never envisioned a time
-   where dozens of national governments would be happy to talk about
-   using the service.
-
-   A couple of months ago, the ABC wrote a long piece on how this
-   whole thing is, to use their term, a strange sign of the times.
-
-     He’s just “a dude on the web”, but Troy Hunt has ended up
-     playing an oddly central role in global cybersecurity.
-
-   It's strange until you look at through the lens of aligned
-   objectives: the whole idea of HIBP was "to do good things after
-   bad things happen" which is well aligned with the mandates of law
-   enforcement agencies. You could call it... common ground:
-
-   IFrame
-
-   This is something I suspect a lot of people don't understand -
-   that law enforcement agencies often work in conjunction with
-   private enterprise to further their goals of protecting people
-   just like you and me. It's something I certainly didn't understand
-   10 years ago, and I still remember the initial surprise when
-   agencies started reaching out. Many years on, these have become
-   really productive relationships with a bunch of top notch people,
-   a number of whom I now count as friends and make an effort to
-   spend time with on my travels.
-
-  Passwords
-
-   This was never on the cards originally. In fact, I'd always been
-   adamant that there should never be passwords in HIBP although in
-   my defence, the sentiment was that they should never appear next
-   to the username to which they originally accompanied. But looking
-   at passwords through the lens of how breach data can be used to do
-   good things, a list of known compromised passwords disassociated
-   from any form of PII made a lot of sense. So, in 2017, Pwned
-   Passwords was born. You know what I was saying earlier about
-   things escalating quickly? Yeah:
-
-     Setting all new records for Pwned Passwords this week: biggest
-     day ever yesterday at 282M requests and biggest rolling 30 days
-     ever, now passing the 6 *billion* requests mark!
-     pic.twitter.com/dQiuQim3da
-
-     — Troy Hunt (@troyhunt) September 12, 2023
-
-   As if to make the point, I just checked the latest stats and last
-   week we did 301.6M requests in a single day. 100% of those
-   requests - and that's not a rounded number either, it's
-   100.0000000000% - were served from Cloudflare's cache 🤯
-
-   There's so much I love about this service. I love that it's free,
-   there's no auth, it's entirely open source (both code and data),
-   the FBI feeds data into it and perhaps most importantly, it has
-   real impact on security. It's such a simple thing, but every time
-   you see a headline such as "Big online website hit with credential
-   stuffing attack", a significant portion of the accounts being
-   taken over have passwords that could easily have been blocked.
-
-  The Paradox of Handling Data Breaches
-
-   On multiple occasions now, I've had conversations that can best be
-   paraphrased as follows:
-
-   Random Internet Person: I'm going to report you to the FBI for
-   having all that stolen data
-
-   Me: Maybe you should start by Googling "troy hunt fbi" first...
-
-   But I understand where they're coming from and the paradox I refer
-   to is the perceived conflict between handling what is usually the
-   output of a crime whilst simultaneously trying to perform a
-   community good. It's the same discussion I've often had with
-   people citing privacy laws in their corner of the world (often the
-   EU and GDPR) as the reason why HIBP shouldn't exist: "but you're
-   processing data without informed consent!", they'll claim. The
-   issue of there being other legal bases for processing aside,
-   nobody consents to being in a data breach! The natural progression
-   of that conversation is that being in a data breach is a parallel
-   discussion to HIBP then indexing it and making it searchable,
-   which is something I've devoted many words to addressing in the
-   past.
-
-   But for all the bluster the occasional random internet person can
-   have (and honestly, I could count the number of annual instances
-   of this on one hand), nothing has come of any complaints. And when
-   I say "complaints", it's often nothing more than a polite
-   conversation which may simply conclude with an acknowledgment of
-   opposing views and that's it. There has been one exception in the
-   entire decade of running this service where a complaint did come
-   via a government privacy regulator, I responded to all the
-   questions that were asked and that was the end of it.
-
-  People
-
-   When you have a pet project like HIBP was in the beginning, it's
-   usually just you putting in the hours. That's fine, it's a hobby
-   and you're scratching an itch, so what does it matter that there's
-   nobody else involved? Like many similar passion projects, HIBP
-   consumed a lot of hours from early on, everything from obviously
-   building the service then sourcing data breaches, verifying and
-   disclosing them, writing up descriptions and even editing every
-   single one of those 700+ logos by hand to be just the right
-   dimensions and file size. But in the beginning, if I'd just
-   stopped one day, what would happen? Nothing. But today, a
-   genuinely important part of the internet that a huge number of
-   individuals, corporations and governments have built dependencies
-   on would stop working if I lost interest.
-
-   The dependency on just me was partly behind the possible sale in
-   2019, but clearly that didn't eventuate. There was always the
-   option to employ people and build it out like most people would a
-   normal company, but every time I gave that consideration it just
-   didn't stack up for a whole bunch of reasons. It was certainly
-   feasible from the perspective of building some sort of valuable
-   commercial entity, but in just the same way as that question about
-   my perfect day in the office sucked the soul from my body, so did
-   the prospect of being responsible for other people. Employment
-   contracts. Salary negotiations. Performance reviews. Sick leave
-   and annual leave and all sorts of other people issues from
-   strangers I'd need to entrust with "my baby". So, bringing in more
-   people was a really unattractive idea, with 2 exceptions:
-
-   In early 2021, my (soon to be at the time) wife Charlotte started
-   working for HIBP.
-
-   Charlotte had spent the last 8 years working with people just like
-   me; software nerds. As a project manager for the NDC conferences
-   based out of Norway, she'd dealt with hundreds of speakers
-   (including me on many occasions), and thousands of attendees at
-   the best conference I've ever been a part of. Plus, she spent a
-   great deal of time coordinating sponsors, corporate attendees and
-   all sorts of other folks that live in the tech world HIBP
-   inhabited. For Charlotte, even though she's not a technical person
-   (her qualifications are in PR and entrepreneurial studies), this
-   was very familiar territory.
-
-   So, for the last few years, Charlotte has done absolutely
-   everything that she can to ensure that I can focus on the things
-   that need my attention. She onboards new corporate subscribers,
-   handles masses of tickets for API and domain subscribers and does
-   all the accounting and tax work. And she does this tirelessly
-   every single day at all sorts of hours whether we're at home or
-   travelling. She is... amazing 🤩
-
-   Earlier this year, Stefán Jökull Sigurðarson started working for
-   us part time writing code, cleaning up code, migrating code and,
-   well, doing lots of different code things.
-
-   Just today I asked Stefán what I should write about him, thinking
-   he'd give me some bullet points I'd massage and then incorporate
-   into this blog post. Instead, I reckon what he wrote was so spot
-   on that I'm just going to quote the entire thing here:
-
-     "Just" that having had my eye on the service since it was
-     released and then developing one of the first big integrations
-     with the PwnedPasswords v2 API in EVE, coinciding with us
-     meeting for the first time at NDC Oslo in 2018 shortly after, 
-     HIBP has managed to take me on this awesome journey where it has
-     been a part of launching my public speaking career, contributing
-     to OSS with Pwned Passwords, becoming an MVP and helped me meet
-     a bunch of awesome people and allowed me to contribute to a
-     better and hopefully safer internet. I'm very happy and honoured
-     to a be a part of this project which is full of awesome
-     challenges and interesting problems to deal with. Having meeting
-     invites from the FBI in my inbox a few years after doing a few
-     experimental rest calls to the Pwned Passwords API in early 2018
-     was definitely not something I was expecting 😅
-
-   What really resonated with me in Stefán's message is that for him,
-   this isn't just a job, it's a passion. His journey is my journey
-   in that we freely devoted our time to do something we love and it
-   led to many wonderful things, including MVP roles and speaking at
-   "Charlotte's" conference, NDC. Stefán is based in Iceland, but
-   we've still had many opportunities to share beers together and
-   establish a relationship that transcends merely writing code. I
-   can't think of anyone better to do what he does today.
-
-Breaches
-
-   731 breaches later, here we are. So, what stands out? Just going
-   off the top of my head here:
-
-   Ashley Madison. Every knows the name so it needs no introduction,
-   but that incident in 2015 had a major impact on HIBP in terms of
-   use of the service, and also a major impact on me in terms of the
-   engagements I had with impacted parties. My blog post on Here’s
-   what Ashley Madison members have told me still feels harrowing to
-   read.
-
-   Collection #1. This is the one that really contributed to my
-   stress levels in early 2019 and had a profound impact on my
-   decision to look at selling the service. Read about where those
-   773M records came from (still the largest breach in HIBP to date).
-
-   Rosebutt. Don't make a joke about it, don't make a joke about it,
-   don't... aw man, thanks The Register! (link to an archive.org
-   version as they seem to have thought better of their image choice
-   later on...) The point is that even serious data breaches can have
-   their moments of levity.
-
-   Shit Express. Sometimes, you just need a bit of hilarity in your
-   data breach. Shit Express is literally a site to send other people
-   pieces of that - anonymously - and they got breached, thus
-   somewhat affecting their anonymity. The more serious point is that
-   as I later wrote, claims of anonymity are often highly misleading.
-
-Future
-
-   I often joke about my life being very much about getting up each
-   morning, reading my emails and events from overnight and then just
-   winging it from there. Of course there are the occasional
-   scheduled things not to mention travel commitments, but for the
-   most part it's very much just rolling with whatever is demanding
-   attention on the day. This is also probably a significant part of
-   why I don't really want to see this thing grow into a larger
-   concern with more responsibilities, I just don't want to lose that
-   freedom. Yet...
-
-   We're gradually moving in a direction where things become more
-   formalised. 3 years ago, I did 100% of everything myself. 1 year
-   ago, I did everything technical myself. 6 months ago, we had no
-   ticketing system for support. But these are small, incremental
-   steps forward and that's what I'd like to see continuing. I want
-   HIBP to outlive me, I just don't want it to become a burden I'm
-   beholden to in the process. I'd like to have more people involved
-   but as you can see from above, that's been a very slow process
-   with only those very close to me playing a role.
-
-   The only thing I have real certainty on at the moment is that
-   there will be more breaches. I've commented many times recently
-   that the scourge that is ransomware feels like it's really
-   accelerated lately, I wonder how many of the people in the emails
-   and documents and all sorts of other data that get dumped there
-   ever learn of their exposure? It's a non-trivial exercise to index
-   that (for all sorts of reasons), but it also seems like an
-   increasingly worthy exercise. Who knows, let's see how I feel when
-   I get up tomorrow morning 🙂
-
-   Finally, for this week's regular video, I'm going to make a
-   birthday special and do it live with Charlotte. Please come and
-   join us, I'm not entirely sure what we'll cover (I'll work it out
-   on the morning!) but let's make a virtual 10th birthday party out
-   of it 🎂
-
-   IFrame
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-   Troy Hunt's Picture
-
-      Troy Hunt
-
-   Hi, I'm Troy Hunt, I write this blog, create courses for
-   Pluralsight and am a Microsoft Regional Director and MVP who
-   travels the world speaking at events and training technology
-   professionals
-
-   Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus.
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-    Troy Hunt
-
-   Hi, I'm Troy Hunt, I write this blog, run "Have I Been Pwned" and
-   am a Microsoft Regional Director and MVP who travels the world
-   speaking at events and training technology professionals
-
-    Upcoming Events
-
-   I often run private workshops around these, here's upcoming events
-   I'll be at:
-
-    Must Read
-
-     * Data breach disclosure 101: How to succeed after you've failed
-     * Data from connected CloudPets teddy bears leaked and ransomed,
-       exposing kids' voice messages
-     * Here's how I verify data breaches
-     * When a nation is hacked: Understanding the ginormous
-       Philippines data breach
-     * How I optimised my life to make my job redundant
-
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-    1. OWASP Top 10 Web Application Security Risks for ASP.NET
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-    3. Hack Yourself First: How to go on the Cyber-Offense
-    4. The Information Security Big Picture
-    5. Ethical Hacking: Social Engineering
-    6. Modernizing Your Websites with Azure Platform as a Service
-    7. Introduction to Browser Security Headers
-    8. Ethical Hacking: SQL Injection
-    9. Web Security and the OWASP Top 10: The Big Picture
-   10. Ethical Hacking: Hacking Web Applications
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