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README.md
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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datasets:
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- internlm/VC-RewardBench
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base_model:
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- Qwen/Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct
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---
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/63859cf3b2906edaf83af9f0/gcuIXKMoDd-nQoPrynVQF.png" width="30%">
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</p>
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# Visual-ERM
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Visual-ERM is a **multimodal generative reward model** for **vision-to-code** tasks.
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It evaluates outputs directly in the **rendered visual space** and produces **fine-grained**, **interpretable**, and **task-agnostic** discrepancy feedback for structured visual reconstruction.
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13224">📄 Paper</a> |
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<a href="https://github.com/InternLM/Visual-ERM">💻 GitHub</a> |
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/internlm/VC-RewardBench">📊 VC-RewardBench</a>
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</p>
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## Model Overview
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Existing rewards for vision-to-code usually fall into two categories:
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1. **Text-based rewards** such as edit distance or TEDS, which ignore important visual cues like layout, spacing, alignment, and style.
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2. **Vision embedding rewards** such as DINO similarity, which are often coarse-grained and can be vulnerable to reward hacking.
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Visual-ERM addresses this by directly comparing:
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- the **ground-truth image**, and
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- the **rendered image** produced from a model prediction,
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and then generating **structured discrepancy annotations** that can be converted into reward signals or used for reflection-based refinement.
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## What this model does
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Visual-ERM is designed to judge whether a predicted result is **visually equivalent** to the target.
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Given a pair of images, it can identify discrepancies such as:
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- **category**
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- **severity**
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- **location**
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- **description**
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This makes Visual-ERM useful not only as a reward model for RL, but also as a **visual critic** for test-time reflection and revision.
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## Supported Tasks
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Visual-ERM is designed for structured visual reconstruction tasks, including:
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- **Chart-to-Code**
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- **Table-to-Markdown**
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- **SVG-to-Code**
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## Key Features
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- **Visual-space reward modeling**
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Evaluates predictions in rendered visual space instead of relying only on text matching or coarse embedding similarity.
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- **Fine-grained and interpretable feedback**
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Produces structured discrepancy annotations rather than a single black-box score.
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- **Task-agnostic reward supervision**
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A unified reward model that generalizes across multiple vision-to-code tasks.
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- **Useful for both training and inference**
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Can be used as a reward model in RL and as a visual critic during test-time refinement.
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## VC-RewardBench
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We also release **VisualCritic-RewardBench (VC-RewardBench)**, a benchmark for evaluating fine-grained image-to-image discrepancy judgment on structured visual data.
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### Benchmark Features
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- Covers **charts**, **tables**, and **SVGs**
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- Contains **1,335** carefully curated instances
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- Each instance includes:
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- a ground-truth image
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- a corrupted / rendered counterpart
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- fine-grained discrepancy annotations
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Dataset link:
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/internlm/VC-RewardBench
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## How to Use
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Visual-ERM is fine-tuned from **Qwen/Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct** and follows the same multimodal interface.
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### Input
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Visual-ERM takes as input:
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- a **reference / ground-truth image**
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- a **rendered prediction image**
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- a **prompt** asking the model to identify fine-grained visual discrepancies
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### Output
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The model outputs structured discrepancy annotations, which can then be:
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- converted into a scalar reward for RL
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- used as feedback for reflection-and-revision
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- evaluated directly on VC-RewardBench
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A typical output format is:
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```json
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{
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"errors": [
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{
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"category": "structure_error",
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"severity": 3,
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"location": "legend area",
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"description": "The legend is placed outside the plot area in the prediction."
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},
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{
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"category": "style_error",
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"severity": 2,
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"location": "bar colors",
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"description": "The colors differ from those in the reference image."
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}
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]
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}
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```
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### Inference / Evaluation / RL
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For full inference scripts, RL training pipelines, evaluation code, and prompt templates, please refer to the official repository:
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https://github.com/InternLM/Visual-ERM
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## Intended Use
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Visual-ERM is intended for:
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- **reward modeling** in vision-to-code RL pipelines
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- **visual discrepancy judgment** between target and predicted renderings
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- **reflection-based refinement** at inference time
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- **research on visual reward modeling** and multimodal RL
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## Citation
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If you find this model useful, please consider citing:
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```bibtex
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TBD
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```
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## Contact
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If you are interested in **visual reward modeling**, **vision-to-code**, or **reinforcement learning for multimodal models**, feel free to reach out.
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