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  license: mit
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  ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ language: en
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+ tags:
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+ - exbert
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  license: mit
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  ---
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+
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+ # ColD Fusion model
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+
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+ Finetuned model that aims to be a great base model. It improves over RoBERTa base, trained on 35 datasets.
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+ Full details at [this paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.01378).
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+
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+ ## Paper Abstract:
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+
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+ Pretraining has been shown to scale well with compute, data size and data diversity. Multitask learning trains on a
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+ mixture of supervised datasets and produces improved performance compared to self-supervised pretraining. Until now,
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+ massively multitask learning required simultaneous access to all datasets in the mixture and heavy compute resources
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+ that are only available to well-resourced teams.
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+
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+ In this paper, we propose ColD Fusion, a method that provides the benefits of multitask learning but leverages distributed
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+ computation and requires limited communication and no sharing of data. Consequentially, ColD Fusion can create a synergistic
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+ loop, where finetuned models can be recycled to continually improve the pretrained model they are based on. We show that
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+ ColD Fusion yields comparable benefits to multitask pretraining by producing a model that (a) attains strong performance on
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+ all of the datasets it was multitask trained on and (b) is a better starting point for finetuning on unseen datasets. We find
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+ ColD Fusion outperforms RoBERTa and even previous multitask models. Specifically, when training and testing on 35 diverse datasets,
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+ ColD Fusion-based model outperforms RoBERTa by 2.45 points in average without any changes to the architecture.
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+
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+
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+ ### How to use
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+
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+ You can use this model directly with a pipeline for masked language modeling:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ >>> from transformers import pipeline
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+ >>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='ibm/ColD-Fusion')
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+ >>> unmasker("Hello I'm a <mask> model.")
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+ ```
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+
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+ Here is how to use this model to get the features of a given text in PyTorch:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import RobertaTokenizer, RobertaModel
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+ tokenizer = RobertaTokenizer.from_pretrained('ibm/ColD-Fusion')
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+ model = RobertaModel.from_pretrained('ibm/ColD-Fusion')
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+ text = "Replace me by any text you'd like."
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+ encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt')
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+ output = model(**encoded_input)
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+ ```
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+
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+ and in TensorFlow:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import RobertaTokenizer, TFRobertaModel
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+ tokenizer = RobertaTokenizer.from_pretrained('ibm/ColD-Fusion')
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+ model = TFRobertaModel.from_pretrained('ibm/ColD-Fusion')
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+ text = "Replace me by any text you'd like."
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+ encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='tf')
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+ output = model(encoded_input)
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Evaluation results
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+ See full evaluation results of this model and many more [here](https://ibm.github.io/model-recycling/roberta-base_table.html)
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+ When fine-tuned on downstream tasks, this model achieves the following results:
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+
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+
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+
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+ ### BibTeX entry and citation info
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @article{ColDFusion,
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+ author = {Shachar Don-Yehiya, Elad Venezian, Colin Raffel, Noam Slonim, Yoav Katz, Leshem ChoshenYinhan Liu and},
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+ title = {ColD Fusion: Collaborative Descent for Distributed Multitask Finetuning},
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+ journal = {CoRR},
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+ volume = {abs/2212.01378},
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+ year = {2022},
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+ url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.01378},
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+ archivePrefix = {arXiv},
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+ eprint = {2212.01378},
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ <a href="https://huggingface.co/exbert/?model=ibm/ColD-Fusion">
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+ <img width="300px" src="https://cdn-media.huggingface.co/exbert/button.png">
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+ </a>