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README.md
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language:
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tags:
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- finnish
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- roberta
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widget:
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- text: "
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---
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# Finnish roberta-large
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---
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language:
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- fi
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license: apache-2.0
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tags:
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- finnish
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- roberta
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datasets:
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- mc4
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widget:
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- text: "Moikka olen <mask> kielimalli."
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---
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# NOTE: We have trained newer and better Finnish RoBERTa large model which can be found from different repository: [https://huggingface.co/Finnish-NLP/roberta-large-finnish](https://huggingface.co/Finnish-NLP/roberta-large-finnish). Our future Finnish models will be available at the [Finnish-NLP](https://huggingface.co/Finnish-NLP) Hugging Face organization
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# RoBERTa large model for Finnish
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Pretrained model on Finnish language using a masked language modeling (MLM) objective. It was introduced in
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[this paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11692) and first released in
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[this repository](https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/roberta). This model is case-sensitive: it
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makes a difference between finnish and Finnish.
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## Model description
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RoBERTa is a transformers model pretrained on a large corpus of Finnish data in a self-supervised fashion. This means
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it was pretrained on the raw texts only, with no humans labelling them in any way (which is why it can use lots of
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publicly available data) with an automatic process to generate inputs and labels from those texts.
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More precisely, it was pretrained with the Masked language modeling (MLM) objective. Taking a sentence, the model
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randomly masks 15% of the words in the input then run the entire masked sentence through the model and has to predict
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the masked words. This is different from traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that usually see the words one
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after the other, or from autoregressive models like GPT which internally mask the future tokens. It allows the model to
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learn a bidirectional representation of the sentence.
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This way, the model learns an inner representation of the Finnish language that can then be used to extract features
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useful for downstream tasks: if you have a dataset of labeled sentences for instance, you can train a standard
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classifier using the features produced by the RoBERTa model as inputs.
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## Intended uses & limitations
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You can use the raw model for masked language modeling, but it's mostly intended to be fine-tuned on a downstream task.
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Note that this model is primarily aimed at being fine-tuned on tasks that use the whole sentence (potentially masked)
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to make decisions, such as sequence classification, token classification or question answering. For tasks such as text
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generation you should look at model like GPT2.
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### How to use
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You can use this model directly with a pipeline for masked language modeling:
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```python
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>>> from transformers import pipeline
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>>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='flax-community/RoBERTa-large-finnish')
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>>> unmasker("Moikka olen <mask> kielimalli.")
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[{'sequence': 'Moikka olen uusi kielimalli.',
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'score': 0.05129234120249748,
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'token': 1825,
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'token_str': ' uusi'},
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{'sequence': 'Moikka olen toinen kielimalli.',
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'score': 0.03112379088997841,
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'token': 2194,
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'token_str': ' toinen'},
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{'sequence': 'Moikka olen myös kielimalli.',
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'score': 0.025534993037581444,
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'token': 491,
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'token_str': ' myös'},
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{'sequence': 'Moikka olen ensimmäinen kielimalli.',
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'score': 0.020146571099758148,
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'token': 2832,
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'token_str': ' ensimmäinen'},
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{'sequence': 'Moikka olen vapaa kielimalli.',
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'score': 0.018089469522237778,
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'token': 2257,
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'token_str': ' vapaa'}]
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```
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Here is how to use this model to get the features of a given text in PyTorch:
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```python
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from transformers import RobertaTokenizer, RobertaModel
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tokenizer = RobertaTokenizer.from_pretrained('flax-community/RoBERTa-large-finnish')
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model = RobertaModel.from_pretrained('flax-community/RoBERTa-large-finnish')
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text = "Replace me by any text you'd like."
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encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt')
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output = model(**encoded_input)
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```
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and in TensorFlow:
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```python
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from transformers import RobertaTokenizer, TFRobertaModel
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tokenizer = RobertaTokenizer.from_pretrained('flax-community/RoBERTa-large-finnish')
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model = TFRobertaModel.from_pretrained('flax-community/RoBERTa-large-finnish', from_pt=True)
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text = "Replace me by any text you'd like."
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encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='tf')
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output = model(encoded_input)
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```
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### Limitations and bias
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The training data used for this model contains a lot of unfiltered content from the internet, which is far from
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neutral. Therefore, the model can have biased predictions.
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## Training data
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This Finnish RoBERTa model was pretrained on the combination of two datasets:
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- [mc4](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mc4), the dataset mC4 is a multilingual colossal, cleaned version of Common Crawl's web crawl corpus. We used the Finnish subset of the mC4 dataset
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- [Yle Finnish News Archive](http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:lb-2017070501)
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Raw datasets were cleaned to filter out bad quality and non-Finnish examples. Together these cleaned datasets were around 51GB of text.
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## Training procedure
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### Preprocessing
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The texts are tokenized using a byte version of Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) and a vocabulary size of 50265. The inputs of
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the model take pieces of 512 contiguous token that may span over documents. The beginning of a new document is marked
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with `<s>` and the end of one by `</s>`
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The details of the masking procedure for each sentence are the following:
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- 15% of the tokens are masked.
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- In 80% of the cases, the masked tokens are replaced by `<mask>`.
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- In 10% of the cases, the masked tokens are replaced by a random token (different) from the one they replace.
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- In the 10% remaining cases, the masked tokens are left as is.
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Contrary to BERT, the masking is done dynamically during pretraining (e.g., it changes at each epoch and is not fixed).
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### Pretraining
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The model was trained on TPUv3-8 VM, sponsored by the Hugging Face JAX/Flax community week event, for 2 epochs with a sequence length of 128 and continuing for one more epoch with a sequence length of 512. The optimizer used is Adafactor with a learning rate of 2e-4, \\(\beta_{1} = 0.9\\), \\(\beta_{2} = 0.98\\) and \\(\epsilon = 1e-6\\), learning rate warmup for 1500 steps and linear decay of the learning rate after.
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## Evaluation results
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Evaluation was done by fine-tuning the model on downstream text classification task with two different labeled datasets: [Yle News](https://github.com/spyysalo/yle-corpus) and [Eduskunta](https://github.com/aajanki/eduskunta-vkk). Yle News classification fine-tuning was done with two different sequence lengths: 128 and 512 but Eduskunta only with 128 sequence length.
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When fine-tuned on those datasets, this model (the first row of the table) achieves the following accuracy results compared to the [FinBERT (Finnish BERT)](https://huggingface.co/TurkuNLP/bert-base-finnish-cased-v1) and to our newer [Finnish RoBERTa-large](https://huggingface.co/Finnish-NLP/roberta-large-finnish) trained with larger dataset:
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| | Average | Yle News 128 length | Yle News 512 length | Eduskunta 128 length |
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|----------------------------------------|----------|---------------------|---------------------|----------------------|
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|flax-community/RoBERTa-large-finnish |87.72 |94.42 |95.06 |73.67 |
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|Finnish-NLP/roberta-large-finnish |88.02 |94.53 |95.23 |74.30 |
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|TurkuNLP/bert-base-finnish-cased-v1 |**88.82** |**94.90** |**95.49** |**76.07** |
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To conclude, this model slightly loses to our newer [Finnish RoBERTa-large](https://huggingface.co/Finnish-NLP/roberta-large-finnish) model trained with larger dataset and also slightly loses to the [FinBERT (Finnish BERT)](https://huggingface.co/TurkuNLP/bert-base-finnish-cased-v1) model.
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## Team Members
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- Aapo Tanskanen, [Hugging Face profile](https://huggingface.co/aapot), [LinkedIn profile](https://www.linkedin.com/in/aapotanskanen/)
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- Rasmus Toivanen [Hugging Face profile](https://huggingface.co/RASMUS), [LinkedIn profile](https://www.linkedin.com/in/rasmustoivanen/)
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- Tommi Vehviläinen [Hugging Face profile](https://huggingface.co/Tommi)
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Feel free to contact us for more details 🤗
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