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a537b9f5ba5347f8b7314e36efbd190d
Are the bears active at this national park year round?
combination
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national_parks
The American beaver (Castor canadensis) inhabits streams, ponds, and small lakes across most of North America. In Capitol Reef, it lives along year-round streams and rivers including the Fremont River. While mainly nocturnal, it is occasionally seen during the day. Beavers don't hibernate, but may become less active in winter. They typically cut trees to build dams, sometimes creating large ponds. Lodges of sticks and mud are often constructed near these ponds and used for shelter, food storage, and raising young. Along the Fremont River, beavers don't typically build dams or lodges, rather they construct dens in the river bank ('bank beavers'). They eat bark, roots, and green aquatic and riparian vegetation. Evidence of beavers in Capitol Reef includes tracks in the mud along streams and downed cottonwood trees.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
a537b9f5ba5347f8b7314e36efbd190d
Are the bears active at this national park year round?
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national_parks
The energy-rich diet of Lake Clark's coastal brown bears allows the largest males to reach weights exceeding 1,000 pounds by the time they enter the den to hibernate. Most adult males typically weigh 600-900 pounds by mid-summer, while females average 1/3 less in weight. This is carried on a frame 3-5 feet tall at the shoulder and 7-10 feet in length.
[ "no" ]
[ "no" ]
a537b9f5ba5347f8b7314e36efbd190d
Are the bears active at this national park year round?
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national_parks
Yellowstone is home to two species of bears: grizzly bears and black bears. Of the two species, grizzly bears have a much smaller range across the United States. The grizzly bear is typically larger than the black bear and has a large muscle mass above its shoulders; a concave, rather than straight or convex, facial profile; and much more aggressive behavior. The grizzly bear is a subspecies of brown bear that once roamed large swaths of the mountains and prairies of the American West. Today, the grizzly bear remains in a few isolated locations in the lower 48 states, including Yellowstone.In coastal Alaska and Eurasia, the grizzly bear is known as the brown bear.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
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dogs
A broken-coated dog may have longer hair on the tail or face than that which is seen on a smooth-coated dog. When the dog is alert, the tip of the V should not extend past the outer corner of the eyes. The tail is set high and in the past was docked to approximately 10 cm (5 in) in order to provide a sufficient hand-hold for gripping the terrier.The Jack Russell should always appear balanced and alert. As it is primarily a working terrier, its most important physical characteristic is its chest size, which must not be so large that it prevents the dog from entering and working in burrows. The red fox is the traditional quarry of the Jack Russell terrier, so the working Jack Russell must be small enough to pursue it.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
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dogs
A characteristic is the short hairs on its somewhat fox-like head and legs. The remainder of the coat is longer and wavy or curly. The remainder of the coat is longer and wavy or curly. The height at the withers in both sexes is between 16 and 21 inches and the length exceeds the height by approximately 10%. Traditionally the tail is docked very short but, if undocked, it is carried curled over the dog's back. The height at the withers in both sexes is between 16 and 21 inches and the length exceeds the height by approximately 10%. Traditionally the tail is docked very short but, if undocked, it is carried curled over the dog's back.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
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dogs
Although some Aussies are born with naturally bobbed or partially bobbed (stubby) tails, the majority are born with full, long tails. Breeders have historically docked the tails when the puppies are born. In the United States and Canada, the standard calls for a natural bob or docked tail not to exceed four inches as a defining characteristics. Any natural tail length is permitted when showing in Europe, where docking has been banned in most countries, including the United Kingdom.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
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dogs
An undocked Welsh Terrier tail is only an inch or so longer than a docked tail and does not make a great deal of difference to the overall appearance. The coat does not moult out but old hairs will eventually be stripped out through play and movement if the coat is not regularly raked. Ungroomed coats can also fade and thin out as the old hair loses colour and texture. to keep a moult-free house and a good coat on your Welsh Terrier it is necessary to rake out the coat on a regular basis. Welsh terriers need some grooming. Their fur grows a little long.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
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dogs
Breed standards describe the ideal Irish Terrier as being racy, red and rectangular. Racy: an Irish Terrier should appear powerful without being sturdy or heavy. Rectangular: the outline of the Irish Terrier differs markedly from those of other terriers. The Irish Terrier's body is proportionately longer than that of the Fox Terrier, with a tendency toward racy lines but with no lack of substance. The deep chest is distinctive. The tail is customarily docked soon after birth to approximately two-thirds of the original length. In countries where docking is prohibited, the conformation judges emphasise tail carriage. The tail should start up quite high, but it should not stick straight up or curl over the back or either side of its body. The ears are small and folded forward just above skull level. They are preferably slightly darker than the rest of the coat.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
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dogs
Characteristic traits are their hackney-like action, fearless animation, complete self-possession, and spirited presence. Legs should be straight with no bending in or out. The Miniature Pinscher frequently has a docked tail and cropped ears, though the AKC no longer requires ear cropping for shows. The coat is short and smooth, with no undercoat. In the UK, blue with rust points is allowed in the show ring. White spots larger than half an inch or black spots on the points are disqualifications for showing in most countries. Merle is not an accepted coloring of the breed.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
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dogs
Field-bred dogs are wiry and have more of a feral look than those bred for showing. The tail of the field-bred dog may be docked a few inches in comparison to the show dog. Field-bred dogs are selected for their sense of smell, hunting ability, and response to training rather than appearance.Show dogs have longer fur and more pendant ears, dewlaps and dangling flews. The tail is docked to a short stub in those countries that permit docking. They are generally more thickly boned and heavier than field-bred springers.The English Springer Spaniel is similar to the English Cocker Spaniel and at first glance, the only major difference is the latter's smaller size. However English Springers also tend to have shorter, and higher-set ears than English Cockers.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
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dogs
He has an expression that shows intelligence and understanding and is often described as having human-like eyes. The tail of the working Spinone is customarily docked at half its length (approximately 14 to 20 cm or 5.5 to 8 inches from the base of the tail). Non-working UK based Italian Spinones are no longer docked, in accordance with current legislation. The preferred length is 4 to 6.5 cm (1.5 to 2.5 inches) on the body; however, the ears, muzzle, head, and parts of the legs and feet are covered with shorter hair.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
[ "a218d73845944b509391b652fe34396b", "463d6ea0178f4c51b887cdb839573583" ]
dogs
In the early days of the breed, 'almost anything in the shape of a Terrier having a long coat with blue on the body and fawn or silver coloured head and legs, with tail docked and ears trimmed, was received and admired as a Yorkshire Terrier'. But in the late 1860s, a popular Paisley-type Yorkshire Terrier show dog named Huddersfield Ben, owned by a woman living in Yorkshire, Mary Ann Foster, was seen at dog shows throughout Great Britain, and defined the breed type for the Yorkshire Terrier.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
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dogs
Rough-faced males are 15 1⁄2 to 18 1⁄2 inches (39 to 47 cm) at the withers, and rough-faced females are 15 to 18 inches (38 to 46 cm). The tail can be docked short, a natural bob-tail, or naturally long with a crook in the end, so long as its carried below the topline at rest and in motion.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
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dogs
Since they are family dogs, it is recommended to not leave one alone for long periods at a time. The expected average lifespan of a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is between nine and fourteen years.The Cavalier King Charles changed dramatically in the late 17th century, when it was interbred with flat-nosed breeds. Until the 1920s, the Cavalier shared the same history as the smaller King Charles Spaniel. The tail is usually not docked, and the Cavalier should have a silky coat of moderate length. Standards state that it should be free from curl, although a slight wave is allowed.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
[ "a218d73845944b509391b652fe34396b", "463d6ea0178f4c51b887cdb839573583" ]
dogs
The AKC Standard states tails should be docked no longer than 2 inches (5 cm). The Kennel Club, the United Kennel Club, and the FCI allow intact tails in Conformation shows. The AKC Standard states tails should be docked no longer than 2 inches (5 cm). In many countries, docking has been deemed illegal.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
[ "a218d73845944b509391b652fe34396b", "463d6ea0178f4c51b887cdb839573583" ]
dogs
The Cocker's tail is customarily docked in North America. The closely related English Springer Spaniels are larger than either types of cockers, growing to between 19 and 19.75 inches (48.3 and 50.2 cm) for the females, and 19.25 and 20 inches (48.9 and 50.8 cm) for the males, and weighing between 23 and 25 kilograms (51 and 55 lb).
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
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dogs
The Dobermann, (; German pronunciation: [ˈdoːbɐman]) or Doberman Pinscher in the United States and Canada, is a medium-large breed of domestic dog that was originally developed around 1890 by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector from Germany. The Dobermann has a long muzzle. It stands on its pads and is not usually heavy-footed. Ideally, they have an even and graceful gait. Traditionally, the ears are cropped and posted and the tail is docked. However, in some countries, these are now illegal. Dobermanns have markings on the chest, paws/legs, muzzle, above the eyes, and underneath the tail.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
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dogs
The SWD is a medium size, athletic, robust dog that is slightly longer than tall. Their tails are usually docked in the US, but undocked tails are not a fault in conformation showing if the dog was bred in a non-docking country.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
[ "a218d73845944b509391b652fe34396b", "463d6ea0178f4c51b887cdb839573583" ]
dogs
The docked tail of the Vizsla is significantly longer than that of other dogs with traditionally docked tails such as the Weimaraner, Dobermann, Boxer, and Australian Shepherd. Since the tail is docked when the puppy is less than three days old, this longer dock can result in some variation in tail length among Vizsla dogs from different breeding programs.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
[ "a218d73845944b509391b652fe34396b", "463d6ea0178f4c51b887cdb839573583" ]
dogs
The female Australian Cattle Dog measures approximately 43–48 centimetres (17–19 in) at the withers, and the male measures about 46–51 centimetres (18–20 in) at the withers. The dog should be longer than tall, that is, the length of the body from breast bone to buttocks is greater than the height at the withers, in a ratio of 10 to 9. An Australian Cattle Dog in good condition weighs around 18–25 kilograms (40–55 lb). In the United States, tails are sometimes docked on working stock. The tail is not docked in Australia, and serves a useful purpose in increasing agility and the ability to turn quickly. The Australian Cattle Dog is a breed distinct from the Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog, a square-bodied dog born with a naturally 'bobbed' tail. The Stumpy Tail resembles the Australian Cattle Dog, but has a taller, leaner conformation. It occasionally has a natural long thin tail, but most are born without tails.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
[ "a218d73845944b509391b652fe34396b", "463d6ea0178f4c51b887cdb839573583" ]
dogs
The tail is carried arched forward up over the back. While the tail's long plume of hair falls on the body, the tail itself never touches the back. The profuse coat needs to be thoroughly combed at least twice per week. Many pet owners clip their dogs into a 1–2 inch long 'puppy cut' for ease of maintenance. The breed standard specifies that the tail may not be docked. The American Kennel Club Standard allows head furnishings above each eye to be held in two small braids secured with plain elastic bands. However, many owners prefer to clip their pet's hair short for easy upkeep.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
[ "a218d73845944b509391b652fe34396b", "463d6ea0178f4c51b887cdb839573583" ]
dogs
These terriers are one of the smallest working terriers (11–12 pounds (5.0–5.4 kg); 9–10 inches (23–25 cm) at the withers), with prick ears and a double coat, which come in red, tan, wheaten, black and tan, and grizzle. Norwich Terriers can enjoy a tail length ranging from 2 inches to an impressive 8 inches. The consistency and frequency of tail wagging by the Norwich Terrier serves as an indicator of happiness. Only the American Kennel Club calls for a medium docked tail (long enough for a man's hand to grasp), though a natural tail is not a disqualification.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
f608241249f04ae68bb3c95dc837106d
Are the docked tails of this dog breed longer than an inch?
combination
[ "a218d73845944b509391b652fe34396b", "463d6ea0178f4c51b887cdb839573583" ]
dogs
This breed presents a robust dog of greater than average size with great strength and power. They are independent, curious and alert, yet imperturbable. The dog is as long as it is tall at the withers, or slightly longer than its height. The hair is short or moderately long with a heavy undercoat. Its ears are, in practice, cropped very short, and the tail is docked moderately long (except for dogs from countries where cosmetic surgeries for dogs are illegal). Most common colors are black/white; fawn of different shades, from almost white to deep red; brindle. Some have a black mask.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
This is the only chipmunk regularly found below 7000 feet in our. areas. It is nearly uniform grey in color, the stripes on the upper. canyons, it prefers rocky places, usually living and storing its food in.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
(cnn) rich Blanco, my poet what kind of person likes to explain by his own as being manufactured in Cuba, constructed in spain and additionally brought in to the u. s, will function the inaugural poet during the time leader barack obama will take you the pledge of department to a second label the item month. you can make shall be splendidly fitting in an first that will have a good time the strength of the united states citizens in addition to this useful country's big choice, president obama pointed out in an announcement wed which in turn introduced an individual's series.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
2.Give each student 20 cards and allow them a few minutes to construct their cave. (100 cards per cave is a good number. )Encourage each group to name their cave. 3.Fill in any blank spaces in the students' caves with the limestone cards, making each cave into a rectangle. 4.Using the example on the board, show the students how to trace water from the surface to the groundwater.Explain that water will follow the path of least resistance.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
2014 Ice Caves. The mainland ice caves have developed quite a reputation over the years as a 'bucket list' winter activity. The unique beauty and temporal nature of these ice formations serves to make the event all the more memorable and desirable. An ice caves event is dependent on a number of factors.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
At approximately 4 PM Thursday afternoon, telephone service was restored to Oregon Caves after a nearly 7 month interruption caused by the theft of over one mile of telephone cable in November 2007. The park’s main telephone number 541-592-2100 is now active on a limited basis, as is the phone number for the Chateau at 541-592-3400.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
Boating, Canoeing and Kayaking - Mammoth Cave National Park (U.S. National Park Service) Operating a jet ski or any other 1- to 2-person motorized watercraft with a total length of 8 ft. or less is prohibited upon all navigable waters of the park. The use of this type watercraft on navigable park waters is hazardous due to submerged obstructions within river channels. The noise created by use of these types of watercraft is also incompatible with other park uses.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
Cades Cove was not always a place to visit for a day; it used to be a place to live. For over 100 years before the park was created, many families worked and played in the Cades Cove valley. Before Europeans settled in the valley, Cherokees Indians traveled through the valley to hunt the abundant deer, elk, bison and bears.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
Climate conditions in Carlsbad Cavern are an exception to the average cave. With a large entrance and many miles of passages that drop over 1,000 feet (305 m), climate conditions in the cave are very complex and only remain fairly stable long distances from the entrance. The main portion of the cave is a cold trap. In winter, once the temperature outside has dropped below the temperature in the cave, cold, usually dry, air plunges into the lower part of the entrance. This cold dry air flows down the large Main Corridor and into the Big Room and Lower Cave. As this cold dry air pushes into the cave along the floor, warmer moist air is displaced, forced up to the ceiling and pushed out of the upper part of the entrance. Over a long period of time, this natural process has cooled the Big Room to an average of 56°F (13ºC), which is 12°F (-11ºC) cooler than the ends of the cave and other large cave systems in the area. This influx of cold dry air is a natural drying process that changes the relative humidity in significant parts of the cave as well. Relative humidity drops to as low as 87.5% in the Big Room during winter months and remains at about 100% during the summer months when there is less airflow exchange from the entrance. The climate at the deepest point in Carlsbad Cavern—at 1,034 feet (315 m)—is less affected by this process. Because of its depth and distance from the entrance, this lowest point remains a more constant and warmer 68°F (20ºC) and closer to 100% relative humidity.
[ "no" ]
[ "no" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
DESCRIPTION OF CAVES. (2) Caves lack a clear genetic relationship to. (entrances) are random and have no apparent relationship to recharge or. are primarily horizontal, having less than a 30 m elevation difference.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
If possible, come during the week – and carpool. The weekends, especially Saturdays, can be extremely busy – cars may be parked more than 2 miles in either direction from Meyers Beach Road, greatly increasing the round-trip distance to the caves. Keep in mind the sun sets early this time of year and you should give yourself 2-3 hours to get out to and enjoy the caves. This time is from the parking lot. Add additional time if you need to park along Meyers Beach Road or Highway 13. If you are a photographer, the most dramatic lighting occurs late in the afternoon on sunny days. The setting sun highlights the colors of the rock and ice. Darkness descends quickly after the sun sets, so allow time to get back to your car while it is still light.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
Jewel Cave National Monument offers special use permits for an assortment of gatherings and a variety of commercial activities that often relate to special events. The purpose of these permits is to ensure the protection of the monument's natural and cultural resources, as well as to allow for the safety of the permit participants, visitors, and staff.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
Lava Beds' caves, and trails are open year-round. Occasionally in winter, snow can temporarily close park roads until they are plowed. The campground and exhibit area of the visitor center are currently closed. Monday - Thursday: 10:00am - 3:00pm.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
Lehman Caves may only be entered with a guided tour. Cave tours are offered daily, year-round, except for Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day. Park rangers lead all tours and explain the history, ecology, and geology of the caves. Two different guided tours of Lehman Caves are offered -- the Lodge Room Tour and the Grand Palace Tour. Cave tours regularly sell out. Reservations through Recreation.gov are strongly recommended.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
Location: On Wheeler Peak Scenic Drive, 2.5 miles from the Lehman Caves Visitor Center. Lower Lehman Creek Campground contains 11 campsites. A map of Lower Lehman Creek Campground is available. There are a limited number of pull-through sites for RVs and trailers. Water is available spring through fall, weather permitting. Upper Lehman Creek Campground.
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[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
News Caves Discovered. Great Basin National Park is filled with caves. Besides the well known Lehman Caves, the park has over 31 (or 32 depending on what you read) known wild caves. The park now has four more, found by the ridgewalking efforts of cave crew, Krupa Patel, Ryan Shurtz and myself, Shylo Johnson, over the last few months. These four caves are Rockfall Cave, Chamber Cave, High Hole, and Mystery Cave.
[ "no" ]
[ "no" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
Shields are the formation that Lehman Caves is best known for. They are not as rare as was once thought, and have been found in at least 80 caves in the United States. Caves that have shields often have them in large numbers. Lehman Caves has an unusually large concentration of shields, more than 300. Shields consist of two round or oval parallel plates with a thin medial crack between them. The medial crack is thought to be an important clue to their formation. Shields tend to form in caves with highly fractured limestone (like Lehman). Shields grow at all sorts of angles from the ceiling, wall, and floor of the cave. The most accepted theory for how shields form relates to fractures in the bedrock. Water under hydrostatic pressure moves through thin fractures in the limestone. As it enters the cave passage by means of capillary action, the water deposits calcite on either side of the crack, building plates of calcite with a thin, water-filled crack between them. Shields may be decorated with popcorn or helictites on the top and along the medial crack, and draperies and stalactites on the bottom. Sometimes the speleothems on the bottom plate get so heavy they pull the shield apart.
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[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
Timpanogos Caves may only be entered with a guided tour. Cave tours are offered daily throughout the summer season and are led by park rangers. Cave tours are 55 minutes long and are limited to 16 people per tour. We recommend that you purchase cave tour tickets before your visit online or by calling 1(877) 444-6777, using your credit card. Advance tickets may be purchased up to 30 days prior to your visit. Visitors arriving without advance tickets often wait several hours before beginning their tour or are turned away because all tours for that day are sold. See Fees and Passes for more information.
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[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
To make camping reservations go to Recreation.gov. For more camping information, call (715) 779-3397, select option 2. NPS recreational user fees were implemented at the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore in 2007. After extensive public involvement, these fees were approved by the NPS national office.
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[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
Unlike the surface environment that is very changeable, cave environments are constant. It is a world of total darkness, constant temperature and high humidity. The animals that live in caves must not only adapt to these conditions, they must live in an environment where there is very little to eat.The population of animals living in caves is very small compared to the animal life on the surface. Consequently, a number of cave animals are on the endangered species list. This means that they are in danger of becoming extinct.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
84976597458740c8b3ed6a9207b97191
Are the number of caves in this national park less than 2?
target_semantics
[ "f8be06e170cc40f19b2a8976d4ce0510" ]
national_parks
the height of gypsum blocks is approximately 10-30% the height of. Cavern for example, the blocks are 4.5-6.0 m high in a 45 m high. passage. The McKittrick Hill caves have a gypsum/passage height ratio.
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[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
A Rottweiler is always, by any breed club standards, black with well-defined mahogany or rust-colored markings that do not take up more than ten percent of the dog's body color. All Rottweilers standard to AKC specifications have one mahogany dot above each eye on the inner brow ridge, on the cheeks, one strip on each side of the snout; cheek markings do not cross over the bridge of the nose, the top of the nose should remain black. The markings on the face should move down onto the dog's throat.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
As purebred dogs, beagles have always been more popular in the United States and Canada than in their native country England. The National Beagle Club of America was formed in 1888 and by 1901 a beagle had won a Best in Show title. Liver is not common and is not permitted in some standards; it tends to occur with yellow eyes. Ticked or mottled varieties may be either white or black with different colored flecks (ticking), such as the blue-mottled or bluetick beagle, which has spots that appear to be a midnight-blue color, similar to the coloring of the Bluetick Coonhound. Some tricolor beagles also have ticking of various colors in their white areas.
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cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
Like the other Sennenhund, the Bernese mountain dog is a large, heavy dog with a distinctive tri-colored coat, black with white chest and rust colored markings above eyes, sides of mouth, front of legs, andount around the white chest. However, it is the only breed of Sennenhund dogs with a long coat. The ideal of a perfectly marked individual gives the impression of a white horseshoe shape around the nose, which is always black. There is a white “Swiss cross” on the chest when viewed from the front. A “Swiss kiss” is a white mark located typically behind the neck, but may be a part of the neck. A full ring would not meet type standard. The AKC breed standard lists, as disqualifications, blue eye color, and any ground color other than black.
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[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
Most PWDs, especially those shown in conformation shows, are entirely black, black and white, brown, or silver-tipped; it is common to see white chest spots and white paws or legs on black or brown coated dogs. 'Parti' or 'Irish-marked' coats, with irregular white and black spots, are rare but visually striking. 'Parti' dogs are becoming more common in the United States. However, in Portugal the breed standard does not allow more than 30% white markings. Overall, white is the least common Portuguese Water Dog color, while black with white markings on the chin ('milk chin') and chest is the most common color.
[ "no" ]
[ "no" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
Originating from dogs bred and used by the Reverend John Russell in the early 19th century, from whom the breed takes its name, the Jack Russell has similar origins to the modern Fox terrier. A broken-coated dog may have longer hair on the tail or face than that which is seen on a smooth-coated dog. The skin can sometimes show a pattern of small black or brown spots, referred to as 'ticking' that do not carry through to the outer coat. Compared to the Parson, the Russell terrier should always be longer than tall at the withers, whereas the Parson's points should be of equal distance. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard for the Jack Russell terrier has this smaller size listed as a requirement.
[ "no" ]
[ "no" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The Argentine Dogo is a large white short-coated dog with black spots on its skin and has a muscular and strong body that rarely has any markings on its coat (any type of marking or spot on the coat is considered a flaw). While it is not accepted in many of the clubs, a Dogo Argentino can have a black or brindle spot on its head known as a 'pirata' and this is accepted by the Federación Cinológica Argentina.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The Barbet is a breed of dog; it is a medium-sized French water dog. It is listed in Group 8 (retrievers, flushing dogs, water dogs) by the Société Centrale Canine, the French Kennel Club and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (International Canine Federation). . The Barbet is a rare breed. Most Barbets, especially those shown in conformation shows, are entirely black, black and white, or brown. It is common to see white chest spots and white paws or legs on black or brown coated dogs. Fawn (that can range from pearl, cream, to gold the shade), and pied variations are reemerging but in limited numbers. The most common issues are ear infections, a problem in most water dog varieties. Ear problems can be minimized by proper ear care. A veterinarian should be consulted if the dog shows signs of an ear infection. The ear should always be clear of any hair, and inspected very regularly.
[ "no" ]
[ "no" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The Canadian Eskimo Dog is an Arctic breed of working dog. Other names include qimmiq or qimmit (Inuit language word for 'dog'). The Canadian Eskimo Dog should always be powerfully built, athletic, and imposing in appearance. It should be of 'powerful physique giving the impression that he is not built for speed but rather for hard work.' Solid white dogs are often seen, as well as white dogs with patches of another colour on the head or both body and head. Solid silver or black coloured dogs are common as well. Many of the solid coloured dogs have white mask-like markings on the face, sometimes with spots over the eyes.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The Carolina dog, also known as a yellow dog, yaller dog, American Dingo, or Dixie Dingo, is a breed of medium-sized, feral dog that lives mostly in the Southeastern United States, especially in isolated stretches of longleaf pines and cypress swamps. Rehoming of Carolina dogs has recently become popular, and they can make good domestic pets with proper socialization. Colors vary, and may include reddish ginger, buff, fawn, black-and-tan, or piebald with or without white areas on toes, chest, tail tip and muzzle. The eyes vary in color, but are usually dark brown or medium to dark orange. The area along the edges of the eyes is often (but not always) a distinctive black 'eyeliner' coloration which becomes more pronounced by contrast in lighter-colored dogs.
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[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The English Mastiff is a breed of large dog. National kennel clubs, including the United Kingdom's Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club, refer to the breed as simply the Mastiff. Mastiff in the 19th century. Distinguished by its enormous size, massive head, short coat in a limited range of colours, and always displaying a black mask, the Mastiff is noted for its gentle and loving nature. The lineage of modern dogs can be traced back to the early 19th century, but the modern type was stabilised in the 1880s and refined since. Following a period of sharp decline, the Mastiff has increased its worldwide popularity.
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[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The Golden Retriever is a medium-large gun dog that was bred to retrieve shot waterfowl, such as ducks and upland game birds, during hunting and shooting parties. In addition to the heavy shedding they experience (and their constant lighter shedding throughout the year), Golden Retrievers can suffer from skin diseases; the most prevalent skin problem is allergies (often leading to acute moist dermatitis or 'hot spots'), with the most common allergy being to fleas. They can also suffer from seborrhoea, sebaceous adenitis, self-inflicted lick granuloma, and haemophilia.
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[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The Greyhound is a breed of dog, a sighthound which has been bred for coursing game and greyhound racing. Since the rise in large-scale adoption of retired racing Greyhounds, the breed has seen a resurgence in popularity as a family pet. It is also referred to as an English Greyhound.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The Shar-Pei is a type of dog breed known for its deep wrinkles and blue-black tongue. The breed originates from southern China. The English name 'Shar-Pei' derives from the British spelling of the older Cantonese shā pèih (沙皮, Mandarin: shā pí), which translates to 'sandy skin' and refers to the texture of the breed's short, rough coat. As puppies, Shar-Pei have numerous wrinkles, but as they mature, these loosen and spread out as they 'grow into their skin'. The Shar-Pei was named in 1978 as one of the world's rarest dog breeds by TIME magazine and Guinness World Records. Although the Shar-Pei has been identified as a basal breed that predates the emergence of the modern breeds in the 19th century, the American Kennel Club recognized it as their 134th breed only in 1992.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The Shetland Sheepdog, often known as the Sheltie, is a breed of herding dog that originated in the Shetland Islands of Scotland. The original name was Shetland Collie, but this caused controversy among the Rough Collie breeders of the time, so the breed's name was formally changed. This hard-working small dog is intelligent, vocal, excitable and willing to please. Bi-black – black and white. Bi-black is recessive. A bi-black Sheltie carries two bi-black genes; thus any dog with a bi-black parent is always bi-factored whatever its own coat color is. There have been reports of a brindle Sheltie but many Sheltie enthusiasts agree that a cross sometime in the ancestry of that specific Sheltie could have produced a brindle. Colors may not be faded, no conspicuous white spots, and the color cannot be over 50 percent white.
[ "no" ]
[ "no" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The Taiwan Dog (Chinese: 台灣犬) is a breed of small or medium dog indigenous to Taiwan. These dogs are also known as the Formosan Mountain Dog, Taiwanese Canis, Taiwanese Native Dog (台灣土狗) or Takasago Dog (高砂犬). They are well-adapted to the uneven and thickly forested terrain of Taiwan, having become a semi-wild breed prior to the arrival of several colonial reigns and foreign powers.
[ "n/a" ]
[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The Weimaraner (/ˈwaɪmərɑːnər/ WY-mə-rah-nər) is a large dog that was originally bred for hunting in the early 19th century. Early Weimaraners were used by royalty for hunting large game such as boar, bear and deer. As the popularity of large game hunting began to decline, Weimaraners were used for hunting smaller animals like fowl, rabbits and foxes. This can create very severe separation anxiety in the breed. The causes of separation anxiety are not always known, but there are precluding factors including genetics, litter rearing, dominance, submission, boredom and stress.
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[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The blue-black/purple tongue gene appears to be dominant, as most mixed breed dogs that come from a Chow-Chow retain that tongue colour. However, the blue-black/purple tongue can also be found on the Shar Pei. This is not to say that every mixed breed dog with spots of purple on the tongue is descended from Chow-Chow, as purple spots on the tongue can be found on other purebred dogs.
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[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The color of skin can be chocolate-brown, elephant-grey, copper, or mottled. They can be totally one color or one color with tongue pink spots. Albinism is not allowed. The eye color is linked to the skin color. It is always brown, but dogs with light colors can have clearer eyes than darker-skinned dogs.
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[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
The head is the most distinctive feature of the Boxer. The breed standard dictates that it must be in perfect proportion to the body and above all it must never be too light. The greatest value is to be placed on the muzzle being of correct form and in absolute proportion to the skull. The length of the muzzle to the whole of the head should be a ratio of 1:3. Folds are always present from the root of the nose running downwards on both sides of the muzzle, and the tip of the nose should lie somewhat higher than the root of the muzzle. In addition a Boxer should be slightly prognathous, i.e., the lower jaw should protrude beyond the upper jaw and bend slightly upwards in what is commonly called an underbite or 'undershot bite'.
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[ "n/a" ]
cb9d7ccf771843eca87bcaf325aedb9e
Are there always spots on this dog breed?
paraphrase
[ "beb04bb4ac8a4b4183551944986ec27b" ]
dogs
White background with black or liver spots. Black-spotted dogs will always have black noses, and liver will always have brown. Lemon, blue, brindle, or tricolor spots do appear on occasion but they are not accepted colors.Litter size.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
Academically, Eisenhower's best subject by far was English. Otherwise, his performance was average, though he thoroughly enjoyed the typical emphasis of engineering on science and mathematics.In athletics, Eisenhower later said that 'not making the baseball team at West Point was one of the greatest disappointments of my life, maybe my greatest'. Roberts also advised Eisenhower on tax aspects of publishing his memoirs, which proved financially lucrative.Oil painting was one of Eisenhower's hobbies. He began painting while at Columbia University, after watching Thomas E. Stephens paint Mamie's portrait.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. As president, Jackson sought to advance the rights of the 'common man' against a 'corrupt aristocracy' and to preserve the Union. On March 27, enjoying an advantage of more than 2 to 1, he engaged them at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
As a lawyer, Cleveland became known for his single-minded concentration and dedication to hard work. In 1866, he successfully defended some participants in the Fenian raid, working on a pro bono basis (free of charge). In 1868, Cleveland attracted professional attention for his winning defense of a libel suit against the editor of Buffalo's Commercial Advertiser. During this time, Cleveland assumed a lifestyle of simplicity, taking residence in a plain boarding house; Cleveland dedicated his growing income instead to the support of his mother and younger sisters. While his personal quarters were austere, Cleveland enjoyed an active social life and 'the easy-going sociability of hotel-lobbies and saloons.' He shunned the circles of higher society of Buffalo in which his uncle's family traveled.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
By the time McKinley took office, rebels in Cuba had waged an intermittent campaign for freedom from Spanish colonial rule for decades. By 1895, the conflict had expanded to a war for independence. The United States and Cuba enjoyed close trade relations, and the Cuban rebellion adversely affected the American economy which was already weakened by the depression. As rebellion engulfed the island, Spanish reprisals grew ever harsher, and Spanish authorities began removing Cuban families to guarded camps near Spanish military bases. The rebels put high priority on their appeals to the sympathy of ordinary Americans, and public opinion increasingly favored the rebels. President Cleveland had supported continued Spanish control of the island, as he
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
Calvin Coolidge (born John Calvin Coolidge Jr.; /ˈkuːlɪdʒ/; July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 30th president of the United States from 1923 to 1929. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of Massachusetts. His response to the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action. In the 1913 session, Coolidge enjoyed renowned success in arduously navigating to passage the Western Trolley Act, which connected Northampton with a dozen similar industrial communities in western Massachusetts. Coolidge intended to retire after his second term as was the custom, but when the President of the State Senate, Levi H. Greenwood, considered running for Lieutenant Governor, Coolidge decided to run again for the Senate in the hopes of being elected as its presiding officer.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 – October 8, 1869) was the 14th president of the United States (1853–1857), a northern Democrat who saw the abolitionist movement as a fundamental threat to the unity of the nation. He alienated anti-slavery groups by supporting and signing the Kansas–Nebraska Act and enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act, yet he failed to stem conflict between North and South, setting the stage for Southern secession and the American Civil War.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
Harrison was born on August 20, 1833, in North Bend, Ohio, the second of Elizabeth Ramsey (Irwin) and John Scott Harrison's ten children. His paternal ancestors were the Harrison family of Virginia, whose immigrant ancestor, Benjamin Harrison, arrived in Jamestown, Virginia, circa 1630 from England. Harrison was of entirely English ancestry, all of his ancestors having emigrated to America during the early colonial period.The future President was a grandson of U.S. President William Henry Harrison and a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a Virginia planter who signed the Declaration of Independence and succeeded Thomas Nelson, Jr. as governor of Virginia.Harrison was seven years old when his grandfather was elected U.S. president, but he did not attend the inauguration. Although Harrison's family was distinguished, his parents were not wealthy. John Scott Harrison, a two-term U.S. congressman from Ohio, spent much of his farm income on his children's education. Despite the family's modest resources, Harrison's boyhood was enjoyable, much of it spent outdoors fishing or hunting.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
Hayes attended the common schools in Delaware, Ohio, and enrolled in 1836 at the Methodist Norwalk Seminary in Norwalk, Ohio. He did well at Norwalk, and the next year transferred to the Webb School, a preparatory school in Middletown, Connecticut, where he studied Latin and Ancient Greek. Returning to Ohio, he attended Kenyon College in Gambier in 1838. He enjoyed his time at Kenyon, and was successful scholastically; while there, he joined several student societies and became interested in Whig politics. He graduated with highest honors in 1842 and addressed the class as its valedictorian.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
He became the first governor in Texas history to be elected to two consecutive four-year terms. For most of Texas history, governors served two-year terms; a constitutional amendment extended those terms to four years starting in 1975. In his second term, Bush promoted faith-based organizations and enjoyed high approval ratings. He proclaimed June 10, 2000, to be Jesus Day in Texas, a day on which he urged all Texans to 'answer the call to serve those in need'. In his second term, Bush promoted faith-based organizations and enjoyed high approval ratings. He proclaimed June 10, 2000, to be Jesus Day in Texas, a day on which he urged all Texans to 'answer the call to serve those in need'. After serving as president, Bush began painting as a hobby after reading Winston Churchill's essay 'Painting as a Pastime.'
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
Initially, Jefferson and Hamilton enjoyed a friendly working relationship. While never close, they seldom clashed during the first year in the Washington administration. Even so, deep philosophical differences soon caused a rift between them, and finally drove them apart. Hamilton believed that a vigorous use of the central government was essential for the task of nation building. He also believed that 'a flourishing merchant economy would sow opportunities for all, resulting in a more philanthropic, knowledgeable and enterprising people.' In Jefferson's view, centralized government was 'simply European-style tyranny waiting to happen again.' He idealized the yeoman farmers, for they 'controlled their own destinies, and also a republic that, resting on the yeoman farmer, would keep 'alive that sacred fire' of personal liberty and virtue.' These differences gained their clearest expression in the debate about the Bank of the United States.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881, until his death by assassination six and a half months later. He is the only sitting member of the United States House of Representatives to be elected to the presidency.Garfield entered politics as a Republican in 1857. Garfield enjoyed his mother's stories about his ancestry, especially his Welsh great-great-grandfathers and his ancestor who served as a knight of Caerffili Castle.Poor and fatherless, Garfield was mocked by his fellow boys, and was very sensitive to slights throughout his life. He escaped by reading all the books he could find. He left home at age 16 in 1847.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his work as president concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate prior to becoming president. John preferred Ivy League policy advisors, but unlike his father he enjoyed the give and take of Massachusetts politics and built a largely Irish team of campaigners, headed by Larry O'Brien and Kenneth O'Donnell. Kennedy traveled extensively to build his support among Democratic elites and voters.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States (1850–1853), the last to be a member of the Whig Party while in the White House. A former U.S. representative from New York, Fillmore was elected the nation's 12th vice president in 1848, and succeeded to the presidency in July 1850 upon the death of President Zachary Taylor. He was instrumental in the passing of the Compromise of 1850, a bargain that led to a brief truce in the battle over slavery. He failed to win the Whig nomination for president in 1852, but he gained the endorsement of the nativist Know Nothing Party four years later, finishing third in the 1856 presidential election.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989 and became a highly influential voice of modern conservatism. He once wrote to her, 'Whatever I treasure and enjoy ... all would be without meaning if I didn't have you.' In 1998, while he was stricken by Alzheimer's, Nancy told Vanity Fair, 'Our relationship is very special.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
The Stone Library includes over 14,000 books written in twelve languages. The library is located in the 'Old House' at Adams National Historical Park in Quincy, Massachusetts. The 1824 presidential election was contested by Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay, all of whom were members of the Democratic-Republican Party. As no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, the House of Representatives held a contingent election to determine the president, and Adams won that contingent election with the support of Clay. Though Adams enjoyed Europe, he and his family decided he needed to return to the United States to complete his education and eventually launch a political career.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
The presidency of Calvin Coolidge began on August 2, 1923, when Calvin Coolidge became President of the United States upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding, and ended on March 4, 1929. To help Obregón defeat a rebellion, Coolidge also lifted an embargo on Mexico and encouraged U.S. banks to loan money to the Mexican government. In 1924, Plutarco Elías Calles took office as President of Mexico, and Calles sought to limit American property claims and take control of the holdings of the Catholic Church. However, Ambassador Dwight Morrow convinced Calles to allow Americans to retain their rights to property purchased before 1917, and Mexico and the United States enjoyed good relations for the remainder of Coolidge's presidency.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
The presidency of Ronald Reagan began at noon EST on January 20, 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1989. Reagan, a Republican from California, took office following a landslide victory over Democratic incumbent President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election. Reagan was succeeded by his Vice President, George H. W. Bush, who won the 1988 presidential election with Reagan's support. While the invasion enjoyed public support in the United States and Grenada it was criticized by the United Kingdom, Canada and the United Nations General Assembly as 'a flagrant violation of international law'.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He previously served as the second vice president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. He would spend several hours writing letters, with which he was often deluged. In the midday, he would often inspect the plantation on horseback. In the evenings, his family enjoyed leisure time in the gardens; late at night, Jefferson would retire to bed with a book.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American politician, lawyer, and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the 34th governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election. As president, he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American politician, lawyer, and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the 34th governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election. In addition to progressives, Wilson enjoyed the support of Princeton alumni such as Cyrus McCormick and Southerners such as Walter Hines Page, who believed that Wilson's status as a transplanted Southerner gave him broad appeal.
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d1a42aa24e75478f82413dc8787631d7
Are there any fun activities this president enjoys doing in their spare time?
paraphrase
[ "a78fd3c60094467b929386786701384a" ]
presidents
William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth chief justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected president in 1908, the chosen successor of Theodore Roosevelt, but was defeated for re-election by Woodrow Wilson in 1912 after Roosevelt split the Republican vote by running as a third-party candidate. He spoke of the need for reduction of the 1897 Dingley Tariff, for antitrust reform, and for continued advancement of the Philippines toward full self-government. Roosevelt left office with regret that his tenure in the position he enjoyed so much was over and, to keep out of Taft's way, arranged for a year-long hunting trip to Africa.Soon after the Republican convention, Taft and Roosevelt had discussed which cabinet officers would stay on.
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61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
A: Lake Powell is only 13% of the National Recreation Area, but one of the largest man-made lakes in North America. At full pool (3700' elevation) it is 186 miles (299 km) long, has 1960 miles (3161 km) of shoreline, over 96 major side canyons, and a capacity of 27 million acre-feet (32 million cubic meters). Its maximum depth (at Glen Canyon Dam) is 561 feet (171 m).
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
Ackermann, William C., et al., eds. Problems and Environmental Effects. Washington, D.C.: American. Contains a number of essays that put Lake Roosevelt in a larger. Blonk, Hu. Behind the By-line Hu: A Feisty Newsman's Memoirs.
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61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
Adjacent to the park is Hunting Creek Lake. Managed by Cunningham Falls State Park, the 75 acre man-made lake is a popular place for swimming, boating, and fishing.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
BOULDER CITY, Nevada –Throughout the summer, media have reported that Lake Mead is 'sinking,' 'shriveling' and 'drying to new lows.' Yes, the lake has reached a record low, but the lake is nowhere near dry. The reservoir that began filling after the construction of the Hoover Dam remains one of America's largest man-made lakes and one of the National Park Service's most popular destinations. In 1935, after the arduous feat of building the dam, Lake Mead began to slowly fill, reaching 1,100 feet in four years. Three years later, it reached a record high with an elevation of 1,220 feet. Over a course of 75 years, the lake has hit multiple highs and lows.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
Cenaiko Lake is part of the Coon Rapids Dam Regional Park. It is a man-made lake that is adjacent to the Mississippi River. The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area has worked with the Anoka County Parks and Recreation Department to restore prairie habitat to the banks of the lake. Cenaiko Lake is able to support three types of prairie; tallgrass prairie is established closer to the shore, while mixed and shortgrass prairies are growing in the middle and upper sections of the bank, where it is drier.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
Come to the North Country. Trek the hills and valleys. Stand on the shores of lakes & streams from glaciers 10,000 years before. Clear-flowing water, red/gold of autumn, a fairyland of snow, open prairies, and distant horizons paint the land. Historic sites along the way tell how America settled and grew as a nation. From North Dakota to New York (and soon Vermont), adventure is never far away.
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61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
Glaciers carved most of the lakes in the park thousands of years ago. As the glaciers moved they gouged out the valley floor. When the glaciers melted they left behind a depression in the ground that filled with water from melting glacial ice. These depressions became the lakes that we see today. Jackson Lake, the park's largest lake, is a natural lake raised by a 39-foot tall man-made dam. Many different processes form ponds. Ponds may form due to glaciers gougin out a shallow depression, meltwater piling up sediment around a block of ice that later melts forming a depression, part of a river becoming blocked, beavers building a dam, natural sinkholes in the ground, or even human activity. The plant and animal life in a pond area is very diverse and productive.
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[ "n/a" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
Lakes Mead and Mohave serve as learning labs where exciting research happens every day. Federal, state, and local agencies and universities work together on a continual basis to monitor and assess water quality and the health of lake ecosystems. This includes everything from microscopic biological processes, to water chemistry, to big questions about how lowering lake levels are affecting lake health. Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are chemicals that may interfere with the body’s endocrine system with the potential to produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune effects in both humans and wildlife. A wide range of substances, both natural and man-made, are thought to cause endocrine disruption, including pharmaceuticals, dioxin and dioxin-like compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT and other pesticides, and plasticizers such as bisphenol A. Endocrine disruptors may be found in many everyday products – including plastic bottles, metal food cans, detergents, flame retardants, food, toys, cosmetics, and pesticides.
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61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
Lassen Volcanic National Park is home to steaming fumaroles, meadows freckled with wildflowers, clear mountain lakes, and numerous volcanoes. Jagged peaks tell the story of its eruptive past while hot water continues to shape the land. Lassen Volcanic offers opportunities to discover the wonder and mysteries of volcanoes and hot water for visitors willing to explore the undiscovered.
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[ "n/a" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
More than a dozen man-made lakes have been formed along the main rivers. The. coastline is 311 miles long and about 35% (1,900 square miles) of the Commonwealth. What is Puerto Rico’s maritime heritage? The maritime heritage of Puerto Rico begins when the islands were first.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
Mountain lakes may seem pristine, but they are subjected to multiple types of anthropogenic (i.e., man-made) stressors. Since the industrial revolution, toxins from industrial activities have traveled through the atmosphere and been deposited onto the mountain landscape, where lakes act as collection basins. These lakes were historically fishless, but starting at the turn of the 20th century, fish stocking became a regular practice in an effort to attract visitors and garner support for land conservation. Many mountain lakes now have reproducing fish populations, and studies show that these new residents lead to declines in lake invertebrates and amphibians. Mountain lake fish also accumulate toxins like mercury that are deposited from the atmosphere. These stressors have created a challenge for park managers, who want to protect the health of mountain lake ecosystems, the health of visitors, and the cultural value of fishing.
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[ "n/a" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
Nine of the park areas contain man-made lakes created by the construction of dams, and one park area has open ocean and bay waters. Superintendents will be able to regulate PWC use within these parks by area closures, public use limits, and other restrictions.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
Obviously Lake Mead National Recreation Area (NRA) is known for water. Besides containing two very large man-made lakes, however, the NRA is home to a number of beautiful and fascinating perennial hot, warm and cold springs. Water is the lifeblood of desert ecosystems. These springs provide not only habitat for unique wildlife and plant species, but also great destinations for visitors to enjoy.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
Over the years, Todd has worked in many states across the country – from lush forested areas to the dry desert – but the common thread to his research are reservoirs. These man-made lakes are different than traditional lakes and after years of studying them, he has a great knowledge of how they work.
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[ "n/a" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
The park's land is centered on two man-made lakes, Lake Mead and Lake Mohave. These are the premiere inland water recreation areas in the West and a primary source of drinking water for southern Nevada. The park lies along the northeast boundary of the Mojave Desert, and is home to species species representing to the Mojave, Sonoran, and Great Basin desert ecosystems.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
The parkway is home to several types of game fish, including three species of trout—Southern Appalachian brook trout are native to the region, while rainbow and brown trout have been introduced. Smallmouth and largemouth bass, sunfish, bluegills and crappies are found in some of the parkway's man-made lakes and ponds. Some parkway waters are stocked and state fishing regulations apply. While brook trout gets most of the attention, there are many other fish species to admire. With colorful names such as bluehead chub, redlip shiner, silver redhorse, and rosyside dace, these fish are noticed by few visitors. Generally lumped together as minnows, these 25 fish species are usually just seen as a small flash in the water.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]
61441f43f38044328604bc2486ad3c57
Are there any man-made lakes at this national park?
target_semantics
[ "2952846d2e654c48a061e03fde3e5298" ]
national_parks
While Lake Powell is one of the largest and most beautiful man-made lakes in North America, it is only 13 percent of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. Glen Canyon’s 1.25 million acres stretch from Lees Ferry in Arizona to the Orange Cliffs of southern Utah, encompassing scenic vistas, geologic wonders, proposed wilderness areas, and a vast panorama of human history.
[ "yes" ]
[ "yes" ]