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int remainingSeconds = seconds % 60;

The modulus function gets the remainder.

Note that the % operator returns the remainder of the division.

int remainingSeconds = seconds % 60;

The modulus function gets the remainder.

To obtain the remaining seconds after taking away the minutes, we have to take the remainder of the seconds divided by 60.

String fullName = "John Smith"

Assigns the name-string to "fullName"

We define a string variable to hold the name.

System.out.println(seconds + " seconds is " + minutes + " minutes and " + remainingSeconds + " seconds.");

Prints out the seconds int and prints out how many minutes and remaining seconds that the int seconds is equal to.

This statement prints to the default standard output stream the minutes and remaining seconds from the input amount of time in seconds.

System.out.println(seconds + " seconds is " + minutes + " minutes and " + remainingSeconds + " seconds.");

Prints out the seconds int and prints out how many minutes and remaining seconds that the int seconds is equal to.

The printed text is followed by the end-of-line character at the end.

String firstInitial = fullName.substring(0, 1);

finds the first character in the string fullname

We need to extract the first letter from the first name.

String firstInitial = fullName.substring(0, 1);

finds the first character in the string fullname

We do this by calling the substring(0,1) method.

int num = 15;

Initializes the int num to 15

We define variable num to store the number that we want to find its smallest divisor.

int num = 15;

Initializes the int num to 15

We could initialize it to any positive integer greater than 1.

int num = 15;

Initializes the int num to 15

In this program, we initialize variable num to 15.

int divisor = 2;

Initializes the integer divisor to 2

We initialize variable divisor by 2 because we want to find the smallest divisor except 1.

int divisor = 2;

Initializes the integer divisor to 2

We define variable divisor to store the smallest divisor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

Starts a while loop that performs as long as num modulus divisor isn't equal to 0

Since we don't know ahead of time how many times the loop will be repeated, we need to use a while loop.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

Starts a while loop that performs as long as num modulus divisor isn't equal to 0

We need to increment the divisor repeatedly as long as the divisor is not a factor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

Starts a while loop that performs as long as num modulus divisor isn't equal to 0

Therefore, we need to use a loop structure.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

Starts a while loop that performs as long as num modulus divisor isn't equal to 0

The condition in the while loop tests whether the body of the loop should be repeated, so it should test whether the divisor is not a factor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

Starts a while loop that performs as long as num modulus divisor isn't equal to 0

We could check whether the divisor is not a factor of the number by computing the remainder of the division of the number by the divisor.

String lastInitial = fullName.substring(5, 6);

finds the last character in a substring in String fullName

We need to extract the first letter from the last name.

String lastInitial = fullName.substring(5, 6);

finds the last character in a substring in String fullName

We do this by calling the substring(5,6) method.

divisor += 1;

Adds 1 to the int divisor

When the divisor is not a factor of the number, we increment the variable divisor by 1.

String initials = firstInitial + lastInitial;

Sets string initials to the characters found in 6,7

This statements concatenates the extracted initials and store the result in the string initials.

System.out.println(initials);

outputs the string initials

This statement prints the initials to the default standard output stream.

System.out.println(initials);

outputs the string initials

The printed value is followed by the end-of-line character at the end.

System.out.println("The smallest divisor of " + num + " is " + divisor);

Prints the line that states what the smallest divisor of the original num integer is using num and divisor variables.

This statement prints to the default standard output stream the smallest divisor of the number.

int[] values = {5, 8, 4, 78, 95, 12, 1, 0, 6, 35, 46};

assigns integer values to "values"

We define array values to hold the specified numbers.

int[] values = {5, 8, 4, 78, 95, 12, 1, 0, 6, 35, 46};

assigns integer values to "values"

We initialize the array by separating elements with a comma and enclosing the collection in braces { }.

System.out.println(num + " squared = " + (num * num));

Prints a line that states what the square of num is.

The multiplication may also be performed directly in the println statement.

System.out.println(num + " squared = " + (num * num));

Prints a line that states what the square of num is.

Note that we do not necessarily have to store the squared number in a variable.

System.out.println(num + " squared = " + (num * num));

Prints a line that states what the square of num is.

To square each number in the sequence, we multiply it by itself using the multiplication (*) operator.

System.out.println(num + " squared = " + (num * num));

Prints a line that states what the square of num is.

In each iteration of the loop, this statement prints the square number to the default standard output stream.

System.out.println(num + " squared = " + (num * num));

It will loop through this line multiple times and print out squares of every even positive integer less than or equal to 10.

The multiplication may also be performed directly in the println statement.

System.out.println(num + " squared = " + (num * num));

It will loop through this line multiple times and print out squares of every even positive integer less than or equal to 10.

Note that we do not necessarily have to store the squared number in a variable.

System.out.println(num + " squared = " + (num * num));

It will loop through this line multiple times and print out squares of every even positive integer less than or equal to 10.

To square each number in the sequence, we multiply it by itself using the multiplication (*) operator.

System.out.println(num + " squared = " + (num * num));

It will loop through this line multiple times and print out squares of every even positive integer less than or equal to 10.

In each iteration of the loop, this statement prints the square number to the default standard output stream.

for (int num = 2; num <= 10; num += 2) {

Starts a for loop that initializes an int num to 2.

To do this, we need to use a loop structure.

for (int num = 2; num <= 10; num += 2) {

Starts a for loop that initializes an int num to 2.

We need to repeat the same process for each of the even positive integers that are less than or equal to 10.

for (int num = 2; num <= 10; num += 2) {

Starts a for loop that initializes an int num to 2.

To do this, we initialize variable num to 2, loop until reaching 10 (inclusive), and increment num by 2 after each iteration of the loop.

for (int num = 2; num <= 10; num += 2) {

Starts a for loop that initializes an int num to 2.

We use for loops instead of a while loop because we need to repeat the loop a certain number of times, and for loops are best-suited in cases like this when we know ahead of time the number of times that we need to repeat the loop.

for (int num = 2; num <= 10; num += 2) {

Starts a for loop that initializes an int num to 2.

Here, we want the for loop to start counting from 2 (2 is the first positive even number) with every even integer number up to (including) 10.

for (int num = 2; num <= 10; num += 2) {

This loop increases num by 2 at the end of every iteration and will continue to loop through as long as num is less than or equal to 10.

To do this, we need to use a loop structure.

for (int num = 2; num <= 10; num += 2) {

This loop increases num by 2 at the end of every iteration and will continue to loop through as long as num is less than or equal to 10.

We need to repeat the same process for each of the even positive integers that are less than or equal to 10.

for (int num = 2; num <= 10; num += 2) {

This loop increases num by 2 at the end of every iteration and will continue to loop through as long as num is less than or equal to 10.

To do this, we initialize variable num to 2, loop until reaching 10 (inclusive), and increment num by 2 after each iteration of the loop.

for (int num = 2; num <= 10; num += 2) {

This loop increases num by 2 at the end of every iteration and will continue to loop through as long as num is less than or equal to 10.

We use for loops instead of a while loop because we need to repeat the loop a certain number of times, and for loops are best-suited in cases like this when we know ahead of time the number of times that we need to repeat the loop.

for (int num = 2; num <= 10; num += 2) {

This loop increases num by 2 at the end of every iteration and will continue to loop through as long as num is less than or equal to 10.

Here, we want the for loop to start counting from 2 (2 is the first positive even number) with every even integer number up to (including) 10.

int maxValue = values[0];

sets integer 0 for "maxValue"

We need variable maxValue to store the maximum value of the array.

int maxValue = values[0];

sets integer 0 for "maxValue"

We initialize this variable by the first value in the array because we initially assume that the first value is the maximum.

Point1 point = new Point1();

Initializes point which is a member of the point 1 class.

This statement creates a Point1 object using the new keyword and empty parentheses.

Point1 point = new Point1();

Initializes point which is a member of the point 1 class.

The variable point holds a reference to a Point1 object.

for (int i = 1; i < values.length; i++) {

runs through the length of the "values" set from 1 until the length is met

We use a for loop to iterate over the remaining array indexes and search for the maximum value.

for (int i = 1; i < values.length; i++) {

runs through the length of the "values" set from 1 until the length is met

We need the array indexes to start at 1 with every integer number up to but not including the array length.

point.setX(7);

Sets the x int in the point variable to 7.

This statement invokes the method setX of the point to set its x-coordinate to 7.

point.translate(11, 6);

Sets the y int in the point variable to 2.

This statement invokes the method translate of the point.

point.translate(11, 6);

Sets the y int in the point variable to 2.

The second parameter specifies how much we want to shift the y-coordinate of the point.

point.translate(11, 6);

Sets the y int in the point variable to 2.

The translate method receives two parameters.

point.translate(11, 6);

Sets the y int in the point variable to 2.

The first parameter specifies how much we want to shift the x-coordinate of the point.

if (values[i] > maxValue) {

conditional set up, asking if "values" at i is greater than the maxValue, initially 0

We need to compare the value at the index i of the array with the maximum value stored in variable maxValue.

if (values[i] > maxValue) {

conditional set up, asking if "values" at i is greater than the maxValue, initially 0

If the value at that index is larger than the maximum value, then we need to set the maximum value to the value of the element at index i.

maxValue = values[i];

if previous condition met, maxValue is set to value at i

This statement sets the maximum value to value of the element at index i of the array.

System.out.println("Maximum value: " + maxValue);

print the max value after the recursion ends

This statement prints the maximum value of the array to the default standard output stream.

point.translate(11, 6);

Increases the x and y integer, which are a part of the point variable, by 11 and 6 respectively.

This statement invokes the method translate of the point.

point.translate(11, 6);

Increases the x and y integer, which are a part of the point variable, by 11 and 6 respectively.

The second parameter specifies how much we want to shift the y-coordinate of the point.

point.translate(11, 6);

Increases the x and y integer, which are a part of the point variable, by 11 and 6 respectively.

The translate method receives two parameters.

point.translate(11, 6);

Increases the x and y integer, which are a part of the point variable, by 11 and 6 respectively.

The first parameter specifies how much we want to shift the x-coordinate of the point.

point.translate(11, 6);

Increases the x and y integer, which are a part of the point variable, by 11 and 6 respectively.

This statement invokes the method translate of the point.

point.translate(11, 6);

Increases the x and y integer, which are a part of the point variable, by 11 and 6 respectively.

The second parameter specifies how much we want to shift the y-coordinate of the point.

point.translate(11, 6);

Increases the x and y integer, which are a part of the point variable, by 11 and 6 respectively.

The translate method receives two parameters.

point.translate(11, 6);

Increases the x and y integer, which are a part of the point variable, by 11 and 6 respectively.

The first parameter specifies how much we want to shift the x-coordinate of the point.

System.out.println("Maximum value: " + maxValue);

print the max value after the recursion ends

This statement prints the maximum value of the array to the default standard output stream.

point.translate(11, 6);

Increases the x and y integer, which are a part of the point variable, by 11 and 6 respectively.

This statement invokes the method translate of the point.

point.translate(11, 6);

Increases the x and y integer, which are a part of the point variable, by 11 and 6 respectively.

The second parameter specifies how much we want to shift the y-coordinate of the point.

point.translate(11, 6);

Increases the x and y integer, which are a part of the point variable, by 11 and 6 respectively.

The translate method receives two parameters.

point.translate(11, 6);

Increases the x and y integer, which are a part of the point variable, by 11 and 6 respectively.

The first parameter specifies how much we want to shift the x-coordinate of the point.

System.out.println("The point's coordinates: (" + point.getX() + ", " + point.getY() + ")") ;

Prints the coordinates (x and y ints) of the point variable.

Note that we do not necessarily have to store the returned value from each of these methods in a variable.

System.out.println("The point's coordinates: (" + point.getX() + ", " + point.getY() + ")") ;

Prints the coordinates (x and y ints) of the point variable.

We could use the returned value of them directly in the println statement.

System.out.println("The point's coordinates: (" + point.getX() + ", " + point.getY() + ")") ;

Prints the coordinates (x and y ints) of the point variable.

This statement prints the coordinates of the point to the default standard output stream.

System.out.println("The point's coordinates: (" + point.getX() + ", " + point.getY() + ")") ;

Prints the coordinates (x and y ints) of the point variable.

The printed text is followed by the end-of-line character at the end.

System.out.println("The point's coordinates: (" + point.getX() + ", " + point.getY() + ")") ;

Prints the coordinates (x and y ints) of the point variable.

To get the point's coordinates, we invoke the method getX and getY of the point.

class Point1 {

Creates a class called Point1

We define the class Point1 to represent a point in the Euclidean plane.

private int y;

Creates an int y which is part of the Point1 class.

Therefore, we need to declare an instance variable for the class to store the y-coordinate of the point.

private int y;

Creates an int y which is part of the Point1 class.

We declare it as integer because we want to have integer coordinates for the point.

private int y;

Creates an int y which is part of the Point1 class.

Note that an instance variable is a variable defined in a class, for which each instantiated object of the class has a separate copy, or instance.

private int y;

Creates an int y which is part of the Point1 class.

Every object of the Point1 class will have its own y-coordinate.

public void translate(int dx, int dy) {

Creates a function called translate which takes 2 ints called dx and dy

This method shifts the coordinates by a specific delta-x and delta-y, which are passed as parameters.

public void translate(int dx, int dy) {

Creates a function called translate which takes 2 ints called dx and dy

We define this method as public to provide access to this method from outside of the class.

public void translate(int dx, int dy) {

Creates a function called translate which takes 2 ints called dx and dy

Also, we define its return type as void, as it does not return any value.

public void translate(int dx, int dy) {

Creates a function called translate which takes 2 ints called dx and dy

Note that both of the parameters are declared as integers because the point has integer coordinates.

x += dx;

Increases the x int in the Point1 class by dx

To shift the x-coordinate of the point, we need to add dx to the value of the x-coordinate of the point.

public void setX(int newX) {

Creates a function that sets the x int in the Point1 class

Also, we define its return type as void, as it does not return any value.

public void setX(int newX) {

Creates a function that sets the x int in the Point1 class

We define this method as public to provide access to this method from outside of the class.

public void setX(int newX) {

Creates a function that sets the x int in the Point1 class

This method sets the current value of the x-coordinate of the point to the given value (newX) that is specified as the method's parameter.

public void setX(int newX) {

Creates a function that sets the x int in the Point1 class

Note that the instance variable x is private; thus, it cannot be directly changed from outside the class.

public void setX(int newX) {

Creates a function that sets the x int in the Point1 class

The parameter of the method is declared as integer because the x-coordinate of the point is an integer.

public void setX(int newX) {

Creates a function that sets the x int in the Point1 class

It can be changed from outside the class only through this method.

public void setX(int newX) {

Creates a function that sets the x int in the Point1 class.

Also, we define its return type as void, as it does not return any value.

public void setX(int newX) {

Creates a function that sets the x int in the Point1 class.

We define this method as public to provide access to this method from outside of the class.

public void setX(int newX) {

Creates a function that sets the x int in the Point1 class.

This method sets the current value of the x-coordinate of the point to the given value (newX) that is specified as the method's parameter.

public void setX(int newX) {

Creates a function that sets the x int in the Point1 class.

Note that the instance variable x is private; thus, it cannot be directly changed from outside the class.

public void setX(int newX) {

Creates a function that sets the x int in the Point1 class.

The parameter of the method is declared as integer because the x-coordinate of the point is an integer.

public void setX(int newX) {

Creates a function that sets the x int in the Point1 class.

It can be changed from outside the class only through this method.

public void setX(int newX) {

This function takes an int called newX.

Also, we define its return type as void, as it does not return any value.