wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  From early in his career in 1980 Higham became well known in the numerical linear algebra community for his work on computing square roots of matrices and estimating matrix condition numbers.
Revised:  From early in his career in 1980 Higham became well-known in the numerical linear algebra community for his work on computing square roots of matrices and estimating matrix condition numbers.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  From early in his career in 1980 Higham became well known in the numerical linear algebra community for his work on computing square roots of matrices and estimating matrix condition numbers.
Revised:  From early in his career in 1980 Higham became well known in the numerical linear algebra community for his work on computing square roots of matrix and estimating matrix condition numbers.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  According to the citation for the award  his pattern of research is characterized by "identifying a fundamental computational problem;
Revised:  According to the citation for the award , his pattern of research is characterized by "identifying a fundamental computational problem;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  and publishing a definitive paper on the subject that is a model of scholarship and clarity  " Higham has also made major contributions to other areas of numerical linear algebra including componentwise perturbation theory,
Revised:  and publishing a definitive paper on the subject that is a model of scholarship and clarity . " Higham has also made major contributions to other areas of numerical linear algebra including componentwise perturbation theory,
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  and publishing a definitive paper on the subject that is a model of scholarship and clarity  " Higham has also made major contributions to other areas of numerical linear algebra including componentwise perturbation theory,
Revised:  and publishing a definitive paper on the subject that is a model of scholarship and clarity " Higham has also made major contributions to other areas of numerical linear algebra , including component-wise perturbation theory,
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He has also contributed to of the theory and computation of functions of matrices, on which he has recently published a significant book " Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation " . Higham was born in Salford  and grew up in Eccles, a suburb of Manchester.
Revised:  He has also contributed to of the theory and computation of functions of matrices, on which he has recently published a book entitled Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation " . Higham was born in Salford and grew up in Eccles, a suburb of Manchester.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He has also contributed to of the theory and computation of functions of matrices, on which he has recently published a significant book " Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation " . Higham was born in Salford  and grew up in Eccles, a suburb of Manchester.
Revised:  He has also contributed to of the theory and computation of functions of matrices, on which he has recently published a significant book " Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation . Higham was born in Salford and grew up in Eccles, a suburb of Manchester.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He has also contributed to of the theory and computation of functions of matrices, on which he has recently published a significant book " Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation " . Higham was born in Salford  and grew up in Eccles, a suburb of Manchester.
Revised:  He has also contributed to of the theory and computation of functions of matrices, on which he has recently published a significant book " Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation " . Higham was born in Salford , UK and grew up in Eccles, a suburb of Manchester.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He is a graduate of the University of Manchester gaining his BA in 1982, MSc in and 1983 and PhD  1985.
Revised:  He is a graduate of the University of Manchester , having received his BA in 1982, MSc in and 1983 and PhD 1985.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He is a graduate of the University of Manchester gaining his BA in 1982, MSc in and 1983 and PhD  1985.
Revised:  He is a graduate of the University of Manchester gaining his BA in 1982, MSc in 1983 and PhD 1985.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He is a graduate of the University of Manchester gaining his BA in 1982, MSc in and 1983 and PhD  1985.
Revised:  He is a graduate of the University of Manchester gaining his BA in 1982, MSc in and 1983 and PhD in 1985.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  His PhD thesis was entitled Nearness Problems in Numerical Linear Algebra and his supervisor was George Hall.
Revised:  His PhD thesis was entitled Nearness Problems in Numerical Linear Algebra ; his supervisor was George Hall.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Higham is Director of Research within the School of Mathematics, Director of the Manchester Institute for Mathematical Sciences (MIMS) , and Head of the Numerical Analysis Group.
Revised:  Higham is Director of Research within the School of Mathematics, Director of the Manchester Institute for Mathematical Sciences (MIMS) and Head of the Numerical Analysis Group.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  At a time when the University of Manchester, following its "2015 vision" , is keen to hire star researchers including Nobel prize winners , the example of Higham not only educated at Manchester, but also born in the area , shows that it can also develop "home grown" talent 
Revised:  Following its "2015 vision" , is keen to hire star researchers including Nobel prize winners , the example of Higham not only educated at Manchester, but also born in the area , shows that it can also develop "home grown" talent 
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  At a time when the University of Manchester, following its "2015 vision" , is keen to hire star researchers including Nobel prize winners , the example of Higham not only educated at Manchester, but also born in the area , shows that it can also develop "home grown" talent 
Revised:  At a time when the University of Manchester, following its "2015 vision" , is keen to hire star researchers including Nobel prize winners . Higham demonstrates that the area and university can boast "home grown" talent 
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He held a prestigious Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (2003-2008) and is on the Institute for Scientific Information Highly Cited Researcher list .
Revised:  He held a prestigious Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (2003-2008) and is on the Institute for Scientific Information Highly Cited Researcher list 
Edit intent: fluency
Original: From early in his career in 1980 Higham became well-known in the numerical linear algebra community for his work on computing square roots of matrix and estimating matrix condition numbers.
Revised: From early in his career in 1980 Higham became well-known in the numerical linear algebra community for his work on computing square roots of matrices and estimating matrix condition numbers.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  They then stated that the G8 member nations do "not accept the legitimacy of any government that does not reflect the will of the Zimbabwean people.  
Revised:  They then stated that the G8 member nations do "not accept the legitimacy of any government that does not reflect the will of the Zimbabwean people. " 
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  They did, add, however, that "it is important that any mediation process respect the results of the March 29, 2008 election.  
Revised:  They did, add, however, that "it is important that any mediation process respect the results of the March 29, 2008 election. " 
Edit intent: fluency
Original: An official photograph of the G8 leadersAs part of the 2008 G8 summit, a gathering of the leaders of France, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy and Canada, a statement was released by the G8 members which expressed 'grave concern' over the current situation in Zimbabwe.
Revised: An official photograph of the G8 leadersA statement has been released by member states of the G8 members which expressed 'grave concern' over the current situation in Zimbabwe.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: An official photograph of the G8 leadersAs part of the 2008 G8 summit, a gathering of the leaders of France, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy and Canada, a statement was released by the G8 members which expressed 'grave concern' over the current situation in Zimbabwe.
Revised: An official photograph of the G8 leadersAs part of the 2008 G8 summit, a gathering of the leaders of France, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy and Canada, a statement was released by the G8 expressing 'grave concern' over the current situation in Zimbabwe.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It the first section of the statement, the leaders said that they "deplore the fact that the Zimbabwean authorities pressed ahead with the presidential election despite the absence of appropriate conditions for free and fair voting as a result of their systematic violence, obstruction and intimidation."
Revised:  In the first section of the statement, the leaders said that they "deplore the fact that the Zimbabwean authorities pressed ahead with the presidential election despite the absence of appropriate conditions for free and fair voting as a result of their systematic violence, obstruction and intimidation."
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It the first section of the statement, the leaders said that they "deplore the fact that the Zimbabwean authorities pressed ahead with the presidential election despite the absence of appropriate conditions for free and fair voting as a result of their systematic violence, obstruction and intimidation."
Revised:  It the first section of the statement, the leaders wrote that they "deplore the fact that the Zimbabwean authorities pressed ahead with the presidential election despite the absence of appropriate conditions for free and fair voting as a result of their systematic violence, obstruction and intimidation."
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  They then stated that the G8 member nations  do "not accept the legitimacy of any government that does not reflect the will of the Zimbabwean people."
Revised:  Furthermore, the G8 member nations do "not accept the legitimacy of any government that does not reflect the will of the Zimbabwean people."
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  They then stated that the G8 member nations  do "not accept the legitimacy of any government that does not reflect the will of the Zimbabwean people."
Revised:  They then stated that the G8 member nations noted that they do "not accept the legitimacy of any government that does not reflect the will of the Zimbabwean people."
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The statement continued by asking for the opposition  Movement for Democratic Change to co-operate with Zanu-PF . "We strongly urge the Zimbabwean authorities to work with the opposition to achieve a prompt, peaceful resolution of the crisis," they said.
Revised:  The statement continued by asking for the opposition party Movement for Democratic Change to co-operate with Zanu-PF . "We strongly urge the Zimbabwean authorities to work with the opposition to achieve a prompt, peaceful resolution of the crisis," they said.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  "Zimbabwean authorities must allow the immediate resumption of humanitarian operations and full and non-discriminatory access to humanitarian assistance to prevent the suffering of the most vulnerable people in Zimbabwe.  
Revised:  "Zimbabwean authorities must allow the immediate resumption of humanitarian operations and full and non-discriminatory access to humanitarian assistance to prevent the suffering of the most vulnerable people in Zimbabwe. " 
Edit intent: fluency
Original: The Polish Prime Minister Donald Tuskhas met today with the President Lech Kaczyński to discuss the current state of the Polish-US anti-missile shield negotiations.
Revised: Donald Tusk, the prime minister of Poland, met today with the President Lech Kaczyński to discuss the current state of the Polish-US anti-missile shield negotiations.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The Polish Prime Minister Donald Tuskhas met today with the President Lech Kaczyński to discuss the current state of the Polish-US anti-missile shield negotiations.
Revised: The Polish Prime Minister Donald Tuskhas met today with President Lech Kaczyński to discuss the current state of the Polish-US anti-missile shield negotiations.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The appointment , held in the Belweder Palace and proposed by the President , lasted two hours and ended at about 19:15 UTC.
Revised:  The meeting , held in the Belweder Palace and proposed by the President , lasted two hours and ended at about 19:15 UTC.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Donald Tusk didn't want to talk with the journalists after the appointment;
Revised:  Donald Tusk did not want to talk with the journalists after the appointment;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Before the appointment, the PM denied the information presented at the official website of the daily "Polska", stating the US government has broken off the negotiations with Poland and opened negotiations with Lithuania.
Revised:  Prior the appointment, the PM denied the information presented at the official website of the daily "Polska", stating the US government has broken off the negotiations with Poland and opened negotiations with Lithuania.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Before the appointment, the PM denied the information presented at the official website of the daily "Polska", stating the US government has broken off the negotiations with Poland and opened negotiations with Lithuania.
Revised:  Before the appointment, the PM denied a report by the daily "Polska", stating the US government has broken off the negotiations with Poland and opened negotiations with Lithuania.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Before the appointment, the PM denied the information presented at the official website of the daily "Polska", stating the US government has broken off the negotiations with Poland and opened negotiations with Lithuania.
Revised:  Before the appointment, the PM denied the information presented at the official website of the daily "Polska", which said the United States government has broken off the negotiations with Poland and opened negotiations with Lithuania.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  ' I have enough information to say that the Polish-US talks are taken seriously by both sides ',he told the reporters.
Revised:  " I have enough information to say that the Polish-US talks are taken seriously by both sides ',he told the reporters.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  I do not recommend hurry ', he said.
Revised:  I do not recommend hurry ," he said.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Daniel Fried, the Undersecretary of State for political affairs in the United States Department of State, has also confirmed the negotiations continue.
Revised:  Daniel Fried, the Undersecretary of State for political affairs in the United States Department of State, also confirmed that the negotiations continue.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  ' It's a nonsense.
Revised:  " It's a nonsense.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We are convinced that there are some prospects and we are still ready to negotiate with Poland ', he said.
Revised:  We are convinced that there are some prospects and we are still ready to negotiate with Poland ," he said.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  According to a reporter of the online news service of the Gazeta Wyborcza newspaper, the President hasn't left the Belweder immediately after his appointment with Tusk ;
Revised:  According to a reporter with online news service of the Gazeta Wyborcza newspaper, the President hasn't left the Belweder immediately after his appointment with Tusk ;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  According to a reporter of the online news service of the Gazeta Wyborcza newspaper, the President hasn't left the Belweder immediately after his appointment with Tusk ;
Revised:  According to a reporter of the online news service Gazeta Wyborcza newspaper, the President hasn't left the Belweder immediately after his appointment with Tusk ;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  According to a reporter of the online news service of the Gazeta Wyborcza newspaper, the President hasn't left the Belweder immediately after his appointment with Tusk ;
Revised:  According to a reporter of the online news service of the Gazeta Wyborcza newspaper, the president did not leave Belweder immediately after his appointment with Tusk ;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  shortly  after the PM left the palace, the Secretary of State at the President's Chancellery Anna Fotyga and the minister Michał Kamiński were seen coming to meet the President.
Revised:  shortly Shortly after the PM left the palace, the Secretary of State at the President's Chancellery Anna Fotyga and the minister Michał Kamiński were seen coming to meet the President.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Prior the appointment, the PM denied a report by the daily "Polska", which said the United States government has broken off the negotiations with Poland and opened negotiations with Lithuania.
Revised: Prior the appointment, the PM denied a report by the daily "Polska", which claimed that the United States government has broken off the negotiations with Poland and opened negotiations with Lithuania.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Prior the appointment, the PM denied a report by the daily "Polska", which said the United States government has broken off the negotiations with Poland and opened negotiations with Lithuania.
Revised: Prior the appointment, the PM denied a report by the daily "Polska", which said the United States government had broken off the negotiations with Poland and opened negotiations with Lithuania.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  "There is no problem of the last-chance negotiations .
Revised:  "There are no last-chance negotiations .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  "There is no problem of the last-chance negotiations .
Revised:  "There is no problem of the last-chance negotiation problems .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Such a serious project requires arrangements which may even take months to be made .
Revised:  Such a serious project requires arrangements which can take months to be made .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Such a serious project requires arrangements which may even take months to be made .
Revised:  Such a serious project requires arrangements which may even take months to make .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  I do not recommend hurry ," he said.
Revised:  I do not recommend rushing ," he said.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  "It's a nonsense.
Revised:  "It's nonsense.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The appointment between the Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and the Minister Radosław Sikorski was positive and constructive.
Revised:  The meeting between the Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and the Minister Radosław Sikorski was positive and constructive.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: "I have enough information to say that the Polish-US talks are taken seriously by both sides , " Tusk told reporters.
Revised: "I have enough information to say that the Polish-US talks are taken seriously by both sides " Tusk told reporters.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The US government claimed that the test was "evidence that the missile threat is not an imaginary one".
Revised:  The United States government claims that the test was "evidence that the missile threat is not an imaginary one".
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Troops fought with militants for over two hours after militants ambushed their their convoy of 40 armored vehicles.
Revised: Troops fought with militants for over two hours after militants ambushed their convoy of 40 armored vehicles.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: At least seven United Nations peacekeepers  and nearly two dozen wounded  after Janjaweed militants in Darfur, the capital of Sudan  ambushed their convoy around 2:45 p.m. (EST) ( 11:45 GMT ) . Five of those troops were from the African nation of Rwanda.
Revised: At least seven United Nations peacekeepers and nearly two dozen wounded , after Janjaweed militants in Darfur, the capital of Sudan ambushed their convoy around 2:45 p.m. (EST) ( 11:45 GMT ) . Five of those troops were from the African nation of Rwanda.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: At least seven United Nations peacekeepers  and nearly two dozen wounded  after Janjaweed militants in Darfur, the capital of Sudan  ambushed their convoy around 2:45 p.m. (EST) ( 11:45 GMT ) . Five of those troops were from the African nation of Rwanda.
Revised: At least seven United Nations peacekeepers and nearly two dozen wounded after Janjaweed militants in Darfur, the capital of Sudan , ambushed their convoy around 2:45 p.m. (EST) ( 11:45 GMT ) . Five of those troops were from the African nation of Rwanda.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: At least seven United Nations peacekeepers  and nearly two dozen wounded  after Janjaweed militants in Darfur, the capital of Sudan  ambushed their convoy around 2:45 p.m. (EST) ( 11:45 GMT ) . Five of those troops were from the African nation of Rwanda.
Revised: At least seven United Nations peacekeepers and nearly two dozen wounded after Janjaweed militants in Darfur, the capital of Sudan ambushed their convoy around 11:45 GMT ) . Five of those troops were from the African nation of Rwanda.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: At least seven United Nations peacekeepers  and nearly two dozen wounded  after Janjaweed militants in Darfur, the capital of Sudan  ambushed their convoy around 2:45 p.m. (EST) ( 11:45 GMT ) . Five of those troops were from the African nation of Rwanda.
Revised: At least seven United Nations peacekeepers and nearly two dozen wounded after Janjaweed militants in Darfur, the capital of Sudan ambushed their convoy around 2:45 p.m. (EST) ( 11:45 GMT . Five of those troops were from the African nation of Rwanda.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Troops fought with militants for over two hours after militants ambushed their convoy of 40 armored vehicles.
Revised:  Troops fought with militants for over two hours after militants ambushed their convoy of 40 armoured vehicles.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Abbie Hawkins, a Norwich, UK hotel receptionist, 19, has found a baby bat in her bra.
Revised: Abbie Hawkins, a Norwich, United Kingdom hotel receptionist, 19, has found a baby bat in her bra.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Hawkins decided to investigate, and pulled out the baby bat, roughly the size of her hand with wings spread , out of her bra.
Revised: Hawkins decided to investigate, and pulled out the baby bat, roughly the size of her hand , out of her bra.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Thumb| The airliner after the accident The three members of the flight crew and thirteen members of British Airways Flight 38 have been awarded with the BA Safety Medal.
Revised:  The airliner after the accident The three members of the flight crew and thirteen members of British Airways Flight 38 have been awarded with the BA Safety Medal.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Oil and gold prices have increased as a result of the tests.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Related news Iran conducts nine missile test
Revised:  Related new
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Some of the missiles are believed to have been launched from ships, as part of a series of naval manoeuvres .
Revised:  Some of the missiles are believed to have been launched from ships, as part of a series of naval maneuvers .
Edit intent: fluency