wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  Based on our theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and reanalysis of four previously published experiments (which included a total of 4,002 human participants, organized in 131 independent groups ), we demonstrate that the wisdom of crowds in estimation tasks depends on the interaction between the following two factors:
Revised:  Based on our theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and reanalysis of four previously published experiments (which included a total of 4,002 human participants, organized in 131 independent groups ), we find that the wisdom of crowds in estimation tasks depends on the interaction between the following two factors:
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Based on our theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and reanalysis of four previously published experiments (which included a total of 4,002 human participants, organized in 131 independent groups ), we demonstrate that the wisdom of crowds in estimation tasks depends on the interaction between the following two factors:
Revised:  Based on our theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and reanalysis of four previously published experiments (which included a total of 4,002 human participants, organized in 131 independent groups ), we demonstrate that the wisdom of crowds critically depends on the interaction between the following two factors:
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Based on our theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and reanalysis of four previously published experiments (which included a total of 4,002 human participants, organized in 131 independent groups ), we demonstrate that the wisdom of crowds in estimation tasks depends on the interaction between the following two factors:
Revised:  Based on our theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and reanalysis of four previously published experiments (which included a total of 4,002 human participants, organized in 131 independent groups ), we demonstrate that the wisdom of crowds in estimation tasks depends on the interaction between 
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Whether, and under what conditions, groups exhibit ``crowd wisdom'' has been a major focus of research across the social and computational sciences.
Revised: Whether, and under what conditions, groups exhibit "crowd wisdom" has been a major focus of research across the social and computational sciences.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Pontryagin's Maximum Principle with respect to a time dependent constant is used to derive the necessary conditions for the optimal usage of the Long-Lasting Insecticide-treated bed Nets (LLINs) to mitigate the malaria transmission dynamics.
Revised:  Pontryagin's Maximum Principle with respect to a time dependent constant is used to derive the necessary conditions for the optimal usage of the Long-Lasting Insecticide-treated bednets (LLINs) to mitigate the malaria transmission dynamics.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Moreover, we find that existing poisoning methods have been tested in contrived scenarios, and they fail in realistic settings.
Revised:  Moreover, we find that existing poisoning methods have been tested in contrived scenarios, and many fail in more realistic settings.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In order to promote fair comparison in future work, we develop unified benchmarks for data poisoning and backdoor attacks.
Revised:  In order to promote fair comparison in future work, we develop standardized benchmarks for data poisoning and backdoor attacks.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  However, we find that the impressive performance evaluations from data poisoning attacks are, in large part, artifacts of inconsistent experimental design .
Revised:  However, it remains unclear exactly how dangerous poisoning methods are and which ones are more effective considering that these methods, even ones with identical objectives, have not been tested in consistent or realistic settings. We observe that data poisoning and backdoor attacks are highly sensitive to variations in the testing setup .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Moreover, we find that existing poisoning methods have been tested in contrived scenarios, and many fail in more realistic settings .
Revised:  Moreover, we find that existing methods may not generalize to realistic settings. While these existing works serve as valuable prototypes for data poisoning, we apply rigorous tests to determine the extent to which we should fear them .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A key ingredient in solving the upper-level problem is the exact solution of the lower-level problem  which is practically infeasible.
Revised:  It is common when solving the upper-level problem is the exact solution of the lower-level problem which is practically infeasible.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A key ingredient in solving the upper-level problem is the exact solution of the lower-level problem  which is practically infeasible.
Revised:  A key ingredient in solving the upper-level problem to assume access to exact solutions of the lower-level problem which is practically infeasible.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A key ingredient in solving the upper-level problem is the exact solution of the lower-level problem  which is practically infeasible.
Revised:  A key ingredient in solving the upper-level problem is the exact solution of the lower-level problem , which is practically infeasible.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this work we propose to solve these problems using inexact derivative-free optimization algorithms which never require to solve the lower-level problem exactly.
Revised:  In this work we propose to solve these problems using inexact derivative-free optimization algorithms which never require exact lower-level problem exactly.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We provide global convergence and worst-case complexity analysis of our approach, and test our proposed framework on ROF-denoising and learning MRI sampling patterns.
Revised:  We provide global convergence and a worstcase complexity bound for our approach. We test our proposed framework on ROF-denoising and learning MRI sampling patterns.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We provide global convergence and worst-case complexity analysis of our approach, and test our proposed framework on ROF-denoising and learning MRI sampling patterns.
Revised:  We provide global convergence and worst-case complexity analysis of our approach, and test our proposed framework on ROFdenoising and learning MRI sampling patterns.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Dynamically adjusting the lower-level accuracy yields learned parameters with similar reconstruction quality as high-accuracy evaluations but with dramatic reductions in computational work (up to 100 times faster in some cases).
Revised:  Dynamically adjusting the lower-level accuracy yields learned parameters with similar reconstruction quality as highaccuracy evaluations but with dramatic reductions in computational work (up to 100 times faster in some cases).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In such supervised approaches, the model is trained to predict the component sources from synthetic mixtures created by adding up isolated ground-truth sources.
Revised:  In such supervised approaches, a model is trained to predict the component sources from synthetic mixtures created by adding up isolated ground-truth sources.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The reliance on this synthetic training data is problematic because good performance depends upon the degree of match between the training data and real-world audio, especially in terms of the acoustic conditions and distribution of sources.
Revised:  Reliance on this synthetic training data is problematic because good performance depends upon the degree of match between the training data and real-world audio, especially in terms of the acoustic conditions and distribution of sources.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Using MixIT in a semi-supervised learning setting enables unsupervised domain adaptation and learning from large amounts of real-world data without ground-truth source waveforms.
Revised:  Using MixIT in a semi-supervised learning setting enables unsupervised domain adaptation and learning from large amounts of real world data without ground-truth source waveforms.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: As per the increase in satellite number and variety, satellite ground station should be required to offer user services in a flexible and efficient manner.
Revised: As the increase in satellite number and variety, satellite ground station should be required to offer user services in a flexible and efficient manner.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: As per the increase in satellite number and variety, satellite ground station should be required to offer user services in a flexible and efficient manner.
Revised: As per the increase in satellite number and variety, satellite ground stations should be required to offer user services in a flexible and efficient manner.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   In this paper, we investigate the virtualized network function (VNF ) placement and routing traffic problem in satellite ground station networks.
Revised:  In this paper, we investigate the VNF placement and routing traffic problem in satellite ground station networks.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We evaluate the performance of our proposed LARA algorithm in three networks of Fat-Tree, BCube  and VL2.
Revised:  We evaluate the performance of our proposed LARA algorithm in three networks of Fat-Tree, BCube , and VL2.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Network function virtualization (NFV) can provide a new paradigm to allocate network resources on demand for user services over the underlying network.
Revised:  Network function virtualization (NFV) can provide a new paradigm to allocate network resources on-demand for user services over the underlying network.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  However, most of the existing work focuses on  virtual network function (VNF) placement and routing traffic problem for enterprise data center networks, the issue needs to further study in satellite communication scenarios.
Revised:  However, most of the existing work focuses on the virtual network function (VNF) placement and routing traffic problem for enterprise data center networks, the issue needs to further study in satellite communication scenarios.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  A neural projection operator liesat the heart of our approach, composed of a lightweight network with an embedded recursive architecture that interactively enforces learned underpinning constraints and predicts the various governed behaviors of different physical systems.
Revised:  A neural projection operator lies at the heart of our approach, composed of a lightweight network with an embedded recursive architecture that interactively enforces learned underpinning constraints and predicts the various governed behaviors of different physical systems.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: We present three provably accurate, polynomial time, approximation algorithms for the Sparse Principal Component Analysis (SPCA ) problem, without imposing any restrictive assumptions on the input covariance matrix.
Revised: We present three provably accurate, polynomial time, approximation algorithm for the SPCA problem, without imposing any restrictive assumptions on the input covariance matrix.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We propose to approximate it by a linear combination of the periodic fundamental solutions, which has sources in a doubly-periodic array and contains the complex logarithmic functions and the theta functions.
Revised:  We propose to approximate it by a linear combination of the periodic fundamental solutions, which has sources in a doubly-periodic array constructed using the theta functions.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This finding reveals an energetic-geometric interplay in a stochastic, ``fuzzy'' molecular recognition mechanism that may facilitate subcompartmentalization of membraneless organelles.
Revised:  This finding reveals an energetic-geometric interplay in a stochastic, "fuzzy" molecular recognition mechanism that may facilitate subcompartmentalization of membraneless organelles.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We propose a holistic approach to formal modeling at different abstraction layers supported by a pluralistic framework in which the encoding of an ethico-legal value and upper ontology is developed in combination with the exploration of a formalization logic, with legal domain knowledge and with exemplary use cases until a reflective equilibrium is reached.
Revised:  We propose a holistic approach to formal modelling at different abstraction layers supported by a pluralistic framework in which the encoding of an ethico-legal value and upper ontology is developed in combination with the exploration of a formalization logic, with legal domain knowledge and with exemplary use cases until a reflective equilibrium is reached.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We propose a holistic approach to formal modeling at different abstraction layers supported by a pluralistic framework in which the encoding of an ethico-legal value and upper ontology is developed in combination with the exploration of a formalization logic, with legal domain knowledge and with exemplary use cases until a reflective equilibrium is reached.
Revised:  We propose a holistic approach to formal modeling at different abstraction layers supported by a pluralistic framework in which the encoding of an ethico-legal value ontology is developed in combination with the exploration of a formalization logic, with legal domain knowledge and with exemplary use cases until a reflective equilibrium is reached.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We propose a holistic approach to formal modeling at different abstraction layers supported by a pluralistic framework in which the encoding of an ethico-legal value and upper ontology is developed in combination with the exploration of a formalization logic, with legal domain knowledge and with exemplary use cases until a reflective equilibrium is reached.
Revised:  We propose a holistic approach to formal modeling at different abstraction layers supported by a pluralistic framework in which the encoding of an ethico-legal value and upper ontology is developed in combination with the exploration of a formalisation logic, with legal domain knowledge and with exemplary use cases until a reflective equilibrium is reached.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: In this paper, we study a novel contact tracing query (CTQ) that finds users who have been in direct contact with the query user or \emph{in contact with the already contacted users in subsequent timestamps from a large spatio-temporal database.
Revised: In this paper, we study a novel contact tracing query (CTQ) that finds users who have been in direct contact with the query user or \emph{in contact with the already contacted users in subsequent timestamps from a large spatio-temporal database.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: In this paper, we study a novel contact tracing query (CTQ) that finds users who have been in direct contact with the query user or \emph{in contact with the already contacted users in subsequent timestamps from a large spatio-temporal database.
Revised: In this paper, we study a novel contact tracing query (CTQ) that finds users who have been in direct contact with the query user or \emph{ in subsequent timestamps from a large spatio-temporal database.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our pilot annotated dataset of 50 NLP-ML scholarly articles per the NLPContributions scheme is available at URL
Revised:  Our pilot annotated dataset of 50 NLP-ML scholarly articles according to the NLPContributions scheme is available at URL
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our pilot annotated dataset of 50 NLP-ML scholarly articles per the NLPContributions scheme is available at URL
Revised:  Our pilot annotated dataset of 50 NLP-ML scholarly articles per the NLPContributions scheme is openly available to the research community at URL
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The elliptic pressure equation is solved using online GMsFEM, and is coupled to a hyperbolic transport equation where local conservation of mass is necessary.
Revised:  The elliptic pressure equation is solved using online GMsFEM, and is coupled with a hyperbolic transport equation where local conservation of mass is necessary.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We validate our work on two biological datasets comprising of single-cell RNA sequencing data ofin vitro SARS-CoV-2  infection and human COVID-19 patients .
Revised:  We validate our work on two biological datasets comprising of single-cell RNA sequencing in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection and human COVID-19 patients .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We validate our work on two biological datasets comprising of single-cell RNA sequencing data ofin vitro SARS-CoV-2  infection and human COVID-19 patients .
Revised:  We validate our work on two biological datasets comprising of single-cell RNA sequencing data ofdatasets of SARS-CoV-2 infection and human COVID-19 patients .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Network function virtualization is a promising technology to simultaneously support multiple services with diverse characteristics and requirements in the fifth generation and beyond networks.
Revised: Network function virtualization is a promising technology to simultaneously support multiple services with diverse characteristics and requirements in the 5G and beyond networks.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In practice , each service consists of a predetermined sequence of functions, called service function chain (SFC), running on a cloud environment.
Revised:  In particular , each service consists of a predetermined sequence of functions, called service function chain (SFC), running on a cloud environment.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we first propose two new mixed binary linear program formulations of the above network slicing problem that optimize the system energy efficiency while jointly consider the E2E latency requirement, resource budget, flow routing, and functional instantiation , and then show that these two formulations are equivalent.
Revised:  In this paper, we first propose a new mixed binary linear program formulations of the above network slicing problem that optimize the system energy efficiency while jointly consider the E2E latency requirement, resource budget, flow routing, and functional instantiation , and then show that these two formulations are equivalent.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we first propose two new mixed binary linear program formulations of the above network slicing problem that optimize the system energy efficiency while jointly consider the E2E latency requirement, resource budget, flow routing, and functional instantiation , and then show that these two formulations are equivalent.
Revised:  In this paper, we first propose two new mixed binary linear program formulations of the above network slicing problem that optimizes the system energy efficiency while jointly consider the E2E latency requirement, resource budget, flow routing, and functional instantiation , and then show that these two formulations are equivalent.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this paper, we first propose two new mixed binary linear program formulations of the above network slicing problem that optimize the system energy efficiency while jointly consider the E2E latency requirement, resource budget, flow routing, and functional instantiation , and then show that these two formulations are equivalent.
Revised:  In this paper, we first propose two new mixed binary linear program formulations of the above network slicing problem that optimize the system energy efficiency while jointly considers the E2E latency requirement, resource budget, flow routing, and functional instantiation , and then show that these two formulations are equivalent.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In particular, while the first formulation is more natural and easier to understand, the second one contains a significantly smaller number of variables and constraints , which makes it more efficient to solve the network slicing problem especially when the size of the corresponding network is large.
Revised:  In particular, while the first formulation is more natural and easier to understand, the second one contains a significantly smaller number of variables and constraints , which makes it more efficient to solve the network slicing problem especially when the dimension of the corresponding network is large.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Numerical results show the advantage of the proposed formulations compared to the existing ones.
Revised:  Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed formulations compared to the existing ones.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Numerical results show the advantage of the proposed formulations compared to the existing ones.
Revised:  Numerical results show the advantage of the proposed formulations compared with the existing ones.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: The latest standard Versatile Video Coding (VVC)  significantly improves the coding efficiency over its ancestor standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), but at the expense of sharply increased complexity.
Revised:  Versatile Video Coding (VVC) significantly improves the coding efficiency over its ancestor standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), but at the expense of sharply increased complexity.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In VVC, the quadtree plus multi-type tree (QTMT) structure of coding unit (CU) partition accounts for most of encoding time, due to the brute-force search for recursive rate-distortion (RD) optimization.
Revised:  In VVC, the quad-tree plus multi-type tree (QTMT) structure of coding unit (CU) partition accounts for most of encoding time, due to the brute-force search for recursive rate-distortion (RD) optimization.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Next, we propose a multi-stage exit CNN (MSE-CNN) model with an early exit mechanism to determine the CU partition, in accord with the flexible QTMT structure at multiple stages.
Revised:  Next, we propose a multi-stage exit CNN (MSE-CNN) model with an early-exit mechanism to determine the CU partition, in accord with the flexible QTMT structure at multiple stages.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Experimental results demonstrate that our approach can reduce the encoding time of VVC by 44.65\%-66.88\% with the negligible Bjontegaard } delta bit-rate (BD-BR) of 1.322\%-3.188\%, which significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches.
Revised:  Experimental results demonstrate that our approach can reduce the encoding time of VVC by 44.65\%-66.88\% with the negligible Bjontegaard \o} delta bit-rate (BD-BR) of 1.322\%-3.188\%, which significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Despite the fact that these two components are highly dependent on each other, one popular trend in MOT is to perform detection and data association as separate modules , processed in a cascaded order.
Revised:  Despite the fact that the two components are highly dependent on each other, one popular trend in MOT is to perform detection and data association as separate modules , processed in a cascaded order.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Despite the fact that these two components are highly dependent on each other, one popular trend in MOT is to perform detection and data association as separate modules , processed in a cascaded order.
Revised:  Despite the fact that these two components are dependent on each other, one popular trend in MOT is to perform detection and data association as separate modules , processed in a cascaded order.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This leads to sub-optimal performance over the total pipeline .
Revised:  This leads to sub-optimal performance .
Edit intent: clarity