wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  In this paper, we first establish an understanding of why error back-propagation does not work well in DSNNs . To address this problem, we propose a simple yet efficient Rectified Linear Postsynaptic Potential function (ReL-PSP)
Revised:  In this paper, we first establish an understanding as to why error back-propagation does not work well in DSNNs . To address this problem, we propose a simple yet efficient Rectified Linear Postsynaptic Potential function (ReL-PSP)
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  for spiking neurons and propose a Spike-Timing-Dependent Back-Propagation (STDBP) learning algorithm for DSNNs. In the proposed learning algorithm, the timing of individual spikes is used to carry information (temporal coding), and learning (back-propagation) is performed based on spike timing in an event-driven manner.
Revised:  for spiking neurons and propose a Spike-Timing-Dependent Back-Propagation (STDBP) learning algorithm for DeepSNNs. In STDBP algorithm, the timing of individual spikes is used to carry information (temporal coding), and learning (back-propagation) is performed based on spike timing in an event-driven manner.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  for spiking neurons and propose a Spike-Timing-Dependent Back-Propagation (STDBP) learning algorithm for DSNNs. In the proposed learning algorithm, the timing of individual spikes is used to carry information (temporal coding), and learning (back-propagation) is performed based on spike timing in an event-driven manner.
Revised:  for spiking neurons and propose a Spike-Timing-Dependent Back-Propagation (STDBP) learning algorithm for DSNNs. In the proposed learning algorithm, the timing of individual spikes is used to convey information (temporal coding), and learning (back-propagation) is performed based on spike timing in an event-driven manner.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed learning algorithm achieves state-of-the-art performance in spike time based learning algorithms of SNNs. This work investigates the contribution of dynamics in spike timing to information encoding, synaptic plasticity and decision making, providing a new perspective to design of future DSNNs .
Revised:  Our experimental results show that the proposed learning algorithm achieves state-of-the-art performance in spike time based learning algorithms of SNNs. This work investigates the contribution of dynamics in spike timing to information encoding, synaptic plasticity and decision making, providing a new perspective to design of future DSNNs .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed learning algorithm achieves state-of-the-art performance in spike time based learning algorithms of SNNs. This work investigates the contribution of dynamics in spike timing to information encoding, synaptic plasticity and decision making, providing a new perspective to design of future DSNNs .
Revised:  Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed learning algorithm achieves state-of-the-art classification accuracy in single spike time based learning algorithms of SNNs. This work investigates the contribution of dynamics in spike timing to information encoding, synaptic plasticity and decision making, providing a new perspective to design of future DSNNs .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed learning algorithm achieves state-of-the-art performance in spike time based learning algorithms of SNNs. This work investigates the contribution of dynamics in spike timing to information encoding, synaptic plasticity and decision making, providing a new perspective to design of future DSNNs .
Revised:  Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed learning algorithm achieves state-of-the-art performance in spike time based learning algorithms of SNNs. This work investigates the contribution of spike timing dynamics to information encoding, synaptic plasticity and decision making, providing a new perspective to design of future DSNNs .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We study the price of anarchy (PoA) of  simultaneous 2nd price auctions (S2PA) under a  natural condition of {\em no underbidding} . No underbidding means that an agent's bid on every item is at least its marginal value given the outcome.
Revised: The literature on the Price of Anarchy (PoA) of simultaneous 2nd price auctions (S2PA) under a natural condition of {\em no underbidding} . No underbidding means that an agent's bid on every item is at least its marginal value given the outcome.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To derive our results, we introduce a new parameterized property of auctions, namely (\gamma,\delta)-revenue guaranteed, and show that every auction that is (\gamma,\delta)-revenue guaranteed has PoA at least \gamma/(1+\delta).
Revised:  To derive our results, we introduce a new parameterized property of auctions, termed (\gamma,\delta)-revenue guaranteed, and show that every auction that is (\gamma,\delta)-revenue guaranteed has PoA at least \gamma/(1+\delta).
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  To derive our results, we introduce a new parameterized property of auctions, namely (\gamma,\delta)-revenue guaranteed, and show that every auction that is (\gamma,\delta)-revenue guaranteed has PoA at least \gamma/(1+\delta).
Revised:  To derive our results, we introduce a new parameterized property of auctions, namely (\gamma,\delta)-revenue guaranteed, which implies a PoA of at least \gamma/(1+\delta).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Via extension theorems, these bounds extend to coarse correlated equilibria  in full information settings, and to Bayesian PoA (BPoA) in settings with incomplete information .
Revised:  Via extension theorems, this guarantee extends to coarse correlated equilibria in full information settings, and to Bayesian PoA (BPoA) in settings with incomplete information .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that S2PA with submodular valuations and no underbidding is (1,1)-revenue guaranteed , implying that the PoA is at least \frac{1 1 ,1)-smoothness (under the standard no overbididng assumption), it gives PoA of 2 / 3 and this is tight.
Revised:  We show that S2PA are (1,1)-revenue guaranteed , implying that the PoA is at least \frac{1 1 ,1)-smoothness (under the standard no overbididng assumption), it gives PoA of 2 / 3 and this is tight.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We show that S2PA with submodular valuations and no underbidding is (1,1)-revenue guaranteed , implying that the PoA is at least \frac{1 1 ,1)-smoothness (under the standard no overbididng assumption), it gives PoA of 2 / 3 and this is tight.
Revised:  We show that S2PA with submodular valuations and no underbidding is (1,1)-revenue guaranteed , implying that the PoA is at least \frac{1 1 / 3 and this is tight.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We show that S2PA with set no underbidding is (1,1 )-revenue guaranteed for arbitrary valuations, implying a PoA of at least  1  / 2. Together with no overbidding we get a lower bound of \frac{2 .
Revised:  We show that S2PA with set no underbidding is (1,1 )-revenue guaranteed guarantees a PoA of at least 1 / 2. Together with no overbidding we get a lower bound of \frac{2 .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our analysis , using the available official infections rate data reveals: i ) that the epidemic curves , i.e., the number of reported cases versus time, is well-described by a Gaussian function;
Revised:  Our analysis , using the available official infections rate data reveals: ii ) that the epidemic curves , i.e., the number of reported cases versus time, is well-described by a Gaussian function;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  ii ) that the temporal evolution of the cumulative number of infected people follows a distorted Fermi-Dirac-like distribution function;
Revised:  iiii ) that the temporal evolution of the cumulative number of infected people follows a distorted Fermi-Dirac-like distribution function;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  iii ) the key role played by the quarantine in the prevention of the spread of Covid-19 in terms of an interacting parameter, which emulates the contact between infected and non-infected people.
Revised:  iiiiii ) the key role played by the quarantine in the prevention of the spread of Covid-19 in terms of an interacting parameter, which emulates the contact between infected and non-infected people.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  iii ) the key role played by the quarantine in the prevention of the spread of Covid-19 in terms of an interacting parameter, which emulates the contact between infected and non-infected people.
Revised:  iii ) the key role played by the quarantine to block the spread of Covid-19 in terms of an interacting parameter, which emulates the contact between infected and non-infected people.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  iii ) the key role played by the quarantine in the prevention of the spread of Covid-19 in terms of an interacting parameter, which emulates the contact between infected and non-infected people.
Revised:  iii ) the key role played by the quarantine in the prevention of the spread of Covid-19 in terms of an interacting parameter, which emulates the contact between infected and non-infected people.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Our findings demonstrate the universal character of well-established concepts in condensed matter Physics and their applications in different areas .
Revised:  Our findings demonstrate the universal character ofi well-established concepts in condensed matter Physics and their applications in different areas .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our findings demonstrate the universal character of well-established concepts in condensed matter Physics and their applications in different areas .
Revised:  Our findings demonstrate the universal character ofii well-established concepts in condensed matter Physics and their applications in different areas .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Furthermore, under the framework of Internet of Bio- Nano Things (IoBNT), experience gained from SCI treatment techniques can be transferred to nano communication research to develop intra-body applications, including remote monitoring of the body and automatized targeted drug delivery .
Revised:  Furthermore, under the framework of Internet of Bio- Nano Things (IoBNT), experience gained from SCI treatment techniques can be transferred to nano communication research .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Unlike static and kinematic obstacles, pedestrians are active agents with complex, interactive motions.
Revised:  Unlike static obstacles, pedestrians are active agents with complex, interactive motions.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Planning AV actions in the presence of pedestrians thus requires modelling of their probable future behaviour as well as detection and tracking which enable such modelling .
Revised:  Planning AV actions in the presence of pedestrians thus requires modelling of their probable future behaviour as well as detecting and tracking them .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This narrative review article is Part II of a pair which together survey the current technology stack involved in this process, organising recent research into a hierarchical taxonomy ranging from low level image detection to high-level psychological models, from the perspective of an AV designer.
Revised:  This narrative review article is Part II of a pair , together surveying the current technology stack involved in this process, organising recent research into a hierarchical taxonomy ranging from low level image detection to high-level psychological models, from the perspective of an AV designer.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This narrative review article is Part II of a pair which together survey the current technology stack involved in this process, organising recent research into a hierarchical taxonomy ranging from low level image detection to high-level psychological models, from the perspective of an AV designer.
Revised:  This narrative review article is Part II of a pair which together survey the current technology stack involved in this process, organising recent research into a hierarchical taxonomy ranging from low-level image detection to high-level psychological models, from the perspective of an AV designer.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  However, these classes are not known to have complete problems of a topological nature, which impedes any progress towards settling the complexity of the  problem.
Revised:  However, these classes were not known to have complete problems of a topological nature, which impedes any progress towards settling the complexity of the problem.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: The objective of this paper is 'open-set' speaker recognition of unseen speakers, where ideal embeddings should be able to condense information into a compact utterance-level representation that has small intra-class (same speaker) and large inter-class (different speakers) distance.
Revised: The objective of this paper is 'open-set' speaker recognition of unseen speakers, where ideal embeddings should be able to condense information into a compact utterance-level representation that has small intra-speaker and large inter-speaker distance.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we present an extensive evaluation of most recent loss functions for speaker recognition on the VoxCeleb dataset.
Revised:  In this paper, we present an extensive evaluation of most popular loss functions for speaker recognition on the VoxCeleb dataset.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We demonstrate that even the vanilla triplet loss shows competitive performance compared to classification-based losses, and those trained with our angular metric learning objective outperform state-of-the-art methods.
Revised:  We demonstrate that the vanilla triplet loss shows competitive performance compared to classification-based losses, and those trained with our angular metric learning objective outperform state-of-the-art methods.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We demonstrate that even the vanilla triplet loss shows competitive performance compared to classification-based losses, and those trained with our angular metric learning objective outperform state-of-the-art methods.
Revised:  We demonstrate that even the vanilla triplet loss shows competitive performance compared to classification-based losses, and those trained with our proposed metric learning objective outperform state-of-the-art methods.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  These new capabilities are local processing, fast communications, and resource virtualization.
Revised:  These new capabilities are local processing, efficient communications, and resource virtualization.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The current work aims to address the previous capabilities by designing and deploying a new  proposal, which offers on-demand activation of offline IoT fog computing assets via a Software Defined Networking (SDN) based solution combined with containerization and sensor virtualization.
Revised:  The current work aims to address these capabilities by designing and deploying a new proposal, which offers on-demand activation of offline IoT fog computing assets via a Software Defined Networking (SDN) based solution combined with containerization and sensor virtualization.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The current work aims to address the previous capabilities by designing and deploying a new  proposal, which offers on-demand activation of offline IoT fog computing assets via a Software Defined Networking (SDN) based solution combined with containerization and sensor virtualization.
Revised:  The current work aims to address the previous capabilities by designing and deploying a new management proposal, which offers on-demand activation of offline IoT fog computing assets via a Software Defined Networking (SDN) based solution combined with containerization and sensor virtualization.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The current work aims to address the previous capabilities by designing and deploying a new  proposal, which offers on-demand activation of offline IoT fog computing assets via a Software Defined Networking (SDN) based solution combined with containerization and sensor virtualization.
Revised:  The current work aims to address the previous capabilities by designing and deploying a new proposal, which offers on-demand activation of offline Internet of Things (IoT) fog computing assets via a Software Defined Networking (SDN) based solution combined with containerization and sensor virtualization.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In addition, analysing the functional results, when a real IoT protocol is used, we evidence our proposal viability to be deployed with the necessary orchestration in distributed scenarios involving embedded devices, actuators, controllers, and brokers at the network edge .
Revised:  In addition, different application-level scenarios are also investigated .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Ordinary least squares fails to consider uncertainty in the data matrices , modeling all noise in the observed signal.
Revised:  Ordinary least squares fails to consider uncertainty in the operator , modeling all noise in the observed signal.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Total least squares accounts for uncertainty in the data matrix, but necessarily increases the condition number of the system compared to ordinary least squares.
Revised:  Total least squares accounts for uncertainty in the data matrix, but necessarily increases the condition number of the operator compared to ordinary least squares.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Tikhonov regularization or ridge regression , is frequently employed to combat ill-conditioning, but requires heuristic parameter tuning which presents a host of challenges and places strong assumptions on parameter prior distributions.
Revised:  Tikhonov regularization or ridge regression is frequently employed to combat ill-conditioning, but requires heuristic parameter tuning which presents a host of challenges and places strong assumptions on parameter prior distributions.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Tikhonov regularization or ridge regression , is frequently employed to combat ill-conditioning, but requires heuristic parameter tuning which presents a host of challenges and places strong assumptions on parameter prior distributions.
Revised:  Tikhonov regularization or ridge regression , is frequently employed to combat ill-conditioning, but requires parameter tuning which presents a host of challenges and places strong assumptions on parameter prior distributions.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show here that our robust method is theoretically appropriate, tractable, and performs favorably against ordinary and total least squares for both residual and absolute error reduction .
Revised:  We show here that our robust method is theoretically appropriate, tractable, and performs favorably against ordinary and total least squares .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Different ways of calculating mortality ratios during epidemics can yield widely different results, particularly during the  COVID-19 pandemic.
Revised: Different ways of calculating mortality ratios during epidemics have yielded very different results, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Different ways of calculating mortality ratios during epidemics can yield widely different results, particularly during the  COVID-19 pandemic.
Revised: Different ways of calculating mortality ratios during epidemics can yield widely different results, particularly during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The key parameters that affect the dynamics of the different mortality estimates are the incubation period and the length of time individuals were infected before confirmation of infection.
Revised:  The key parameters that affect the dynamics of the different mortality estimates are the incubation period and the time individuals were infected before confirmation of infection.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Using available data on the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and simple assumptions , we estimate and compare the different dynamic mortality ratios and highlight their differences.
Revised:  Using data on the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and simple assumptions , we estimate and compare the different dynamic mortality ratios and highlight their differences.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Using available data on the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and simple assumptions , we estimate and compare the different dynamic mortality ratios and highlight their differences.
Revised:  Using available data on the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks , we estimate and compare the different dynamic mortality ratios and highlight their differences.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Informed by our modeling, we propose a more systematic method to determine mortality ratios during epidemic outbreaks and discuss sensitivity to confounding effects and errors in the data.
Revised:  Informed by our modeling, we propose more systematic methods to determine mortality ratios during epidemic outbreaks and discuss sensitivity to confounding effects and errors in the data.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Informed by our modeling, we propose a more systematic method to determine mortality ratios during epidemic outbreaks and discuss sensitivity to confounding effects and errors in the data.
Revised:  Informed by our modeling, we propose a more systematic method to determine mortality ratios during epidemic outbreaks and discuss sensitivity to confounding effects and uncertainties in the data.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Honeybees play an important role in sustaining the ecosystem .
Revised: Honeybees play an important role in the production of many agricultural crops and in sustaining plant diversity in undisturbed ecosystems .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Field and theoretical studies have shown that the infestation of the parasitic Varroa mite could be one of the main reasons that lead to colony collapsing .
Revised:  Previous studies have shown that the infestation of the parasitic Varroa mite could be one of the main reasons that lead to colony collapsing .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Field and theoretical studies have shown that the infestation of the parasitic Varroa mite could be one of the main reasons that lead to colony collapsing .
Revised:  Field and theoretical studies have shown that the parasitic Varroa mite could be one of the main reasons that lead to colony collapsing .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Field and theoretical studies have shown that the infestation of the parasitic Varroa mite could be one of the main reasons that lead to colony collapsing .
Revised:  Field and theoretical studies have shown that the infestation of the parasitic Varroa mite could be the main reason for colony losses .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Noting that the temporal dynamics of honeybee colony varies with respect to changes in seasonality , we validate the model and perform parameter estimations under both constant and fluctuating seasonality scenarios.
Revised:  Noting that the dynamics of a honeybee colony varies with respect to changes in seasonality , we validate the model and perform parameter estimations under both constant and fluctuating seasonality scenarios.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Noting that the temporal dynamics of honeybee colony varies with respect to changes in seasonality , we validate the model and perform parameter estimations under both constant and fluctuating seasonality scenarios.
Revised:  Noting that the temporal dynamics of honeybee colony varies with respect to season , we validate the model and perform parameter estimations under both constant and fluctuating seasonality scenarios.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  but the small natural mortality of adult has the ability to promote a mite-free colony as time lag is small or at an intermediate level;
Revised:  but the small natural mortality of the adult population can promote a mite-free colony as time lag is small or at an intermediate level;
Edit intent: clarity