wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  In this work, we conduct a large-scale language analysis of public online discussions of breaking crisis events on Facebook and Twitter . Specifically, we examine how people refer to locations of hurricanes in their discussion with or without contextual information (e.g. writing "San Juan" vs. "San Juan, Puerto Rico  " ) and how such descriptor expressions are added or omitted in correlation with social factors including relative time, audience and additional information requirements.
Revised:  In this work, we conduct a large-scale language analysis of public online discussions of breaking crisis events on Facebook and Twitter . Specifically, we examine how people refer to locations , focusing specifically on contextual descriptors, such as "San Juan" vs. "San Juan, Puerto Rico " ) and how such descriptor expressions are added or omitted in correlation with social factors including relative time, audience and additional information requirements.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this work, we conduct a large-scale language analysis of public online discussions of breaking crisis events on Facebook and Twitter . Specifically, we examine how people refer to locations of hurricanes in their discussion with or without contextual information (e.g. writing "San Juan" vs. "San Juan, Puerto Rico  " ) and how such descriptor expressions are added or omitted in correlation with social factors including relative time, audience and additional information requirements.
Revised:  In this work, we conduct a large-scale language analysis of public online discussions of breaking crisis events on Facebook and Twitter . Specifically, we examine how people refer to locations of hurricanes in their discussion with or without contextual information (e.g. writing "San Juan" versus "San Juan, Puerto Rico " ) and how such descriptor expressions are added or omitted in correlation with social factors including relative time, audience and additional information requirements.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this work, we conduct a large-scale language analysis of public online discussions of breaking crisis events on Facebook and Twitter . Specifically, we examine how people refer to locations of hurricanes in their discussion with or without contextual information (e.g. writing "San Juan" vs. "San Juan, Puerto Rico  " ) and how such descriptor expressions are added or omitted in correlation with social factors including relative time, audience and additional information requirements.
Revised:  In this work, we conduct a large-scale language analysis of public online discussions of breaking crisis events on Facebook and Twitter . Specifically, we examine how people refer to locations of hurricanes in their discussion with or without contextual information (e.g. writing "San Juan" vs. "San Juan, Puerto Rico . " ) and how such descriptor expressions are added or omitted in correlation with social factors including relative time, audience and additional information requirements.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We find that authors' references to locations are influenced by both macro-level factors such as the location's global importance and micro-level social factors like audience characteristics, and there is a decrease in descriptor context use over time at a collective level as well as at an individual-author level.
Revised:  We find that authors' references to locations are influenced by both macro-level factors like the location's global importance and micro-level social factors like audience characteristics, and there is a decrease in descriptor context use over time at a collective level as well as at an individual-author level.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We find that authors' references to locations are influenced by both macro-level factors such as the location's global importance and micro-level social factors like audience characteristics, and there is a decrease in descriptor context use over time at a collective level as well as at an individual-author level.
Revised:  We find that authors' references to locations are influenced by both macro-level factors such as the location's global importance and micro-level factors like audience characteristics, and there is a decrease in descriptor context use over time at a collective level as well as at an individual-author level.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We find that authors' references to locations are influenced by both macro-level factors such as the location's global importance and micro-level social factors like audience characteristics, and there is a decrease in descriptor context use over time at a collective level as well as at an individual-author level.
Revised:  We find that authors' references to locations are influenced by both macro-level factors such as the location's global importance and micro-level social factors like audience engagement. We also find a consistent decrease in descriptor context use over time at a collective level as well as at an individual-author level.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Collective attention , i.e. the public attention paid to a particular topic, is a key factor in understanding how emerging topics and breaking news spread in online discussions.
Revised: Social media datasets make it possible to rapidly quantify collective attention to emerging topics and breaking news spread in online discussions.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this work, we conduct a large-scale language analysis of public online discussions of breaking news events on Facebook and Twitter, focusing on five recent crisis events.
Revised:  In this work, we conduct a large-scale analysis of public online discussions of breaking news events on Facebook and Twitter, focusing on five recent crisis events.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   We find that the use of such descriptors is associated with proxies for social and informational expectations, including macro-level factors like the location's global importance and micro-level factors like audience engagement.
Revised:  We find that the use of contextual descriptors is indeed associated with proxies for social and informational expectations, including macro-level factors like the location's global importance and micro-level factors like audience engagement.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   We find that the use of such descriptors is associated with proxies for social and informational expectations, including macro-level factors like the location's global importance and micro-level factors like audience engagement.
Revised:  We find that the use of such descriptors is associated with proxies for social and informational expectations, including macro-level factors like the location's global salience and micro-level factors like audience engagement.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  These insights provide evidence for theories about information expectations in public discussions, and they inform how researchers and crisis response organizations can better understand public perception of crisis events as they unfold .
Revised:  These insights provide evidence for theories about information expectations in public discussions, and they inform how researchers and crisis response organizations to better understand public perception of crisis events as they unfold .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  These insights provide evidence for theories about information expectations in public discussions, and they inform how researchers and crisis response organizations can better understand public perception of crisis events as they unfold .
Revised:  These insights provide evidence for theories about information expectations in public discussions, and they inform how researchers and crisis response organizations can better understand public perception of unfolding crisis events .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The dynamical formulation of optimal transport, also known as Benamou-Brenier formulation or Computational Fluid Dynamic formulation, amounts to write the optimal transport problem as the optimization of a convex functional under a PDE constraint, and can handle a priori a vast class of cost functions and geometries.
Revised: The dynamical formulation of optimal transport, also known as Benamou-Brenier formulation or Computational Fluid Dynamics formulation, amounts to write the optimal transport problem as the optimization of a convex functional under a PDE constraint, and can handle a priori a vast class of cost functions and geometries.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Several disretizations of this problem have been proposed, leading to computations on flat spaces as well as Riemannian manifolds, with extensions to mean field games and gradient flows in the Wasserstein space.
Revised:  Several discretizations of this problem have been proposed, leading to computations on flat spaces as well as Riemannian manifolds, with extensions to mean field games and gradient flows in the Wasserstein space.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Either after being artificially placed or occuring naturally, surfaces or volumes that resemble an apertured plane only allow a fraction of the molecules to pass.
Revised:  Either after being artificially placed or occurring naturally, surfaces or volumes that resemble an apertured plane only allow a fraction of the molecules to pass.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Furthermore, through both computer simulations and a theoretical cost function named signal-to-interference and noise amplitude ratio (SINAR), it is found that the size of the aperture imposes a trade-off between the received signal power and the ISI combating capability of an MCvD system, hinting to an optimal aperture size that minimizes the bit error rate (BER).
Revised:  Furthermore, through both computer simulations and a theoretical signal evaluation metric named signal-to-interference and noise amplitude ratio (SINAR), it is found that the size of the aperture imposes a trade-off between the received signal power and the ISI combating capability of an MCvD system, hinting to an optimal aperture size that minimizes the bit error rate (BER).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Lastly, the paper analyzes the effects of a radial offset in the placement of the apertured plane, and finds that a reduction in BER is still in effect up to a certain offset value .
Revised:  Lastly, the paper analyzes the effects of a radial offset in the placement of the apertured plane, and finds that a reduction in BER is still in effect up to certain offset values .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: DARPA and Allen AI have proposed a collection of datasets to encourage research in Question Answering domains where (commonsense ) knowledge is expected to play an important role.
Revised: Recently several datasets have been proposed to encourage research in Question Answering domains where (commonsense ) knowledge is expected to play an important role.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: DARPA and Allen AI have proposed a collection of datasets to encourage research in Question Answering domains where (commonsense ) knowledge is expected to play an important role.
Revised: DARPA and Allen AI have proposed a collection of datasets to encourage research in Question Answering domains where commonsense knowledge is expected to play an important role.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Recent language models such as  BERT and GPT that have been pre-trained on Wikipedia articles and books , have shown decent performance with little fine-tuning on several such Multiple Choice Question-Answering (MCQ) datasets.
Revised:  Recent language models such as BERT and GPT that have been pre-trained on Wikipedia articles and books have shown reasonable performance with little fine-tuning on several such Multiple Choice Question-Answering (MCQ) datasets.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our goal in this work is to develop methods to incorporate additional (commonsense) knowledge into language model based approaches for better question answering in such domains.
Revised:  Our goal in this work is to develop methods to incorporate additional (commonsense) knowledge into language model-based approaches for better question answering in such domains.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Our goal in this work is to develop methods to incorporate additional (commonsense) knowledge into language model based approaches for better question answering in such domains.
Revised:  Our goal in this work is to develop methods to incorporate additional (commonsense) knowledge into language model based approaches for better question-answering in such domains.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this work we first identify external knowledge sources, and show that the performance further improves when a set of facts retrieved through IR is prepended to each MCQ question during both training and test phase .
Revised:  In this work , we first categorize external knowledge sources, and show that the performance further improves when a set of facts retrieved through IR is prepended to each MCQ question during both training and test phase .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this work we first identify external knowledge sources, and show that the performance further improves when a set of facts retrieved through IR is prepended to each MCQ question during both training and test phase .
Revised:  In this work we first identify external knowledge sources, and show performance does improve on using such sources .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We aim to give a numerical approximation of the invariant measure of a viscous scalar conservation law, one-dimensional and periodic in the space variable, and stochastically forced with a white-in-time but spatially correlated noise.
Revised: We study the numerical approximation of the invariant measure of a viscous scalar conservation law, one-dimensional and periodic in the space variable, and stochastically forced with a white-in-time but spatially correlated noise.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The numerical scheme we employ discretises the SPDE according to a finite volume method in space, and a split-step backward Euler method in time.
Revised:  The numerical scheme we employ discretises the SPDE according to a finite-volume method in space, and a split-step backward Euler method in time.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The threshold model of collective actions has been widely adopted as a theoretical paradigm to understand this phenomenon, but previous investigations focused on the irreversible K-core pruning process starting from random initial activity patterns.
Revised:  The threshold model of collective actions has been widely adopted as a theoretical paradigm to understand this phenomenon, but previous investigations focused on the irreversible K-core pruning process and the resulting kinetic activity patterns.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Here we study the vulnerability and resilience of social engagement as a network alliance problem , and find that equilibrium alliance configurations (but not the out-of-equilibrium ones obtained from irreversible pruning) may experience two distinct dynamical transitions as the number of active nodes gradually shrinks.
Revised:  Here we study the network alliance problem , and find that equilibrium alliance configurations (but not the out-of-equilibrium ones obtained from irreversible pruning) may experience two distinct dynamical transitions as the number of active nodes gradually shrinks.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In the intermediate phase bounded by the weak and strong tipping points, an equilibrium alliance is highly vulnerable to single-node-triggered cascading failures , yet all these global collapse events can be successfully suppressed by a simple least-effort local recruitment mechanism which flips a few flippable inactive nodes .
Revised:  In the intermediate phase bounded by the weak and strong tipping points, an equilibrium alliance is highly vulnerable to single-node-triggered cascading failures , yet all these global collapse events can be successfully suppressed by a simple least-effort local intervention strategy. We confirm these results by extensive Monte Carlo simulations .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: In this paper we propose SCDP, a novel, general-purpose data transport protocol for data centres that, in contrast to all other protocols proposed to date, natively supports one-to-many and many-to-one data communication, which is extremely common in modern data centres.
Revised: In this paper we propose SCDP, a general-purpose data transport protocol for data centres that, in contrast to all other protocols proposed to date, natively supports one-to-many and many-to-one data communication, which is extremely common in modern data centres.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: In this paper we propose SCDP, a novel, general-purpose data transport protocol for data centres that, in contrast to all other protocols proposed to date, natively supports one-to-many and many-to-one data communication, which is extremely common in modern data centres.
Revised: In this paper we propose SCDP, a novel, general-purpose data transport protocol for data centres that, in contrast to all other protocols proposed to date, supports efficient one-to-many and many-to-one data communication, which is extremely common in modern data centres.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: In this paper we propose SCDP, a novel, general-purpose data transport protocol for data centres that, in contrast to all other protocols proposed to date, natively supports one-to-many and many-to-one data communication, which is extremely common in modern data centres.
Revised: In this paper we propose SCDP, a novel, general-purpose data transport protocol for data centres that, in contrast to all other protocols proposed to date, natively supports one-to-many and many-to-one communication, which is extremely common in modern data centres.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  SCDP achieves this by integrating RaptorQ codes with receiver-driven data transport, in-network packet trimming and Multi-Level Feedback Queuing (MLFQ);
Revised:  SCDP achieves this by integrating RaptorQ codes with receiver-driven data transport, packet trimming and Multi-Level Feedback Queuing (MLFQ);
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Many network data sets are neither large, sparse, nor simple, and in these cases the  approximation no longer applies.
Revised:  Many network data sets are neither large, sparse, nor simple, and in these cases the standard approximation no longer applies.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Nonasymptotic error bounds are available under mild assumptions, and the estimator can be computed efficiently .
Revised:  We derive error bounds for this estimator, and provide an efficient scheme with which to compute it .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We test the estimator on a small network , finding that it enjoys relative bias against ground truth a full order of magnitude smaller than the standard expression .
Revised:  We test the estimator on a small network , finding that it enjoys relative bias against ground truth a full order of magnitude smaller than the standard approximation .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We then compare modularity maximization techniques using both the standard and novel estimator, finding that the behavior of algorithms depends significantly on the estimator choice.
Revised:  We then compare modularity maximization techniques using both the standard and novel estimator, finding that the qualitative structure of the optimization landscape depends significantly on the estimator choice.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We define a non-universal Turing machine that approximates this behavior of the partition function in a computable way by a super-logarithmic singularity, and study its statistical mechanical properties.
Revised:  We define a non-universal Turing machine that approximates this behavior of the partition function in a computable way by a super-logarithmic singularity, and discuss some of its statistical mechanical properties.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  For universal Turing machines, we conjecture that the ensemble of bit string histories at the critical temperature can be formulated as a string theory.
Revised:  For universal Turing machines, we conjecture that the ensemble of bit string histories at the critical temperature has a continuum formulation in terms of string theory.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This phase transition is almost zeroth-order in the sense that the free energy is continuous near the critical temperature, but almost jumps: it converges more slowly to its finite critical value than any computable function.
Revised:  This phase transition has curious properties: the free energy is continuous near the critical temperature, but almost jumps: it converges more slowly to its finite critical value than any computable function.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  For universal Turing machines, we conjecture that the ensemble of bit string histories at the critical temperature has a continuum formulation in terms of  string theory.
Revised:  For universal Turing machines, we conjecture that the ensemble of bit string histories at the critical temperature has a continuum formulation in terms of a string theory.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  If the frame is a basis (non-redundant case), the three versions of sparse regularization, namely synthesis and analysis variants of \ell^1 -regularization as well as the BFD thresholding are equivalent.
Revised:  If the frame is a basis (non-redundant case), the three versions of sparse regularization, namely synthesis and analysis variants of \ell^1 regularization as well as the BFD thresholding are equivalent.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This innovation could be adapted by the Virtual Museums of the future , in order to enhance the museum visitors' quality of experience.
Revised:  This innovation could be adapted by the Virtual Museums of the future to enhance the museum visitors' quality of experience.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  This innovation could be adapted by the Virtual Museums of the future , in order to enhance the museum visitors' quality of experience.
Revised:  This innovation could be adapted by the Virtual Museums of the future , in order to enhance the quality of experience.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  True AR is not limited to artefacts only but could be extended even to buildings or life-sized character simulations of statues.
Revised:  True AR is not limited to artefacts but extends even to buildings or life-sized character simulations of statues.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Its purpose is to provide its results in the best visual quality possible so that the users will not be able to tell the real objects from the augmented ones , or to delay that for as long as possible .
Revised:  It provides the best visual quality possible so that the users will not be able to tell the real objects from the augmented ones , or to delay that for as long as possible .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Its purpose is to provide its results in the best visual quality possible so that the users will not be able to tell the real objects from the augmented ones , or to delay that for as long as possible .
Revised:  Its purpose is to provide its results in the best visual quality possible so that the users will not be able to tell the real objects from the augmented ones .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The introduced model is applied on several unimodal and multimodal continues problems.
Revised:  The introduced model is applied on several unimodal and multimodal continuous problems.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: In the paper `` Linear time algorithm to cover and hit a set of line segments optimally by two axis-parallel squares '' , TCS Volume 769 (2019), pages 63--74, the LHIT problem is proposed as follows: For a given set of non-intersecting line segments {\cal L} = \{\ell_1, \ell_2, \ldots, \ell_n\} in I\!\!
Revised: In the paper " Linear time algorithm to cover and hit a set of line segments optimally by two axis-parallel squares '' , TCS Volume 769 (2019), pages 63--74, the LHIT problem is proposed as follows: For a given set of non-intersecting line segments {\cal L} = \{\ell_1, \ell_2, \ldots, \ell_n\} in I\!\!
Edit intent: fluency