wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  By also analysing delta - O18 values, they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point of water , with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in their temperatures.
Revised:  Analyzing O18 values, they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point of water , with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in their temperatures.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  By also analysing delta - O18 values, they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point of water , with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in their temperatures.
Revised:  By also analysing delta - O18 data they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point of water , with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in their temperatures.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  By also analysing delta - O18 values, they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point of water , with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in their temperatures.
Revised:  By also analysing delta - O18 values, they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point , with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in their temperatures.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  By also analysing delta - O18 values, they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point of water , with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in their temperatures.
Revised:  By also analysing delta - O18 values, they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point of water , with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in temperatures.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This means that the relative proportion of carbonate with respect to carbon dioxide is higher in more salinity fluids, e.g. seawater, than in fresher waters.
Revised:  This means that the relative proportion of carbonate with respect to carbon dioxide is higher in more saline fluids, e.g. seawater, than in fresher waters.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Paleosalinity (or Palaeosalinity) is the salinity of the global ocean or of an ocean basin at a point in geological history.
Revised: Paleosalinity is the salinity of the global ocean or of an ocean basin at a point in geological history.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This means that the relative proportion of carbonate with respect to carbon dioxide is higher in more saline fluids, e.g. seawater, than in fresher waters.
Revised:  This means that the relative proportion of carbonate with respect to carbon dioxide is higher in more salinity fluids, e.g. seawater, than in fresher waters.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Stratification In addition, it is thought that extensive salinity stratification can lead to a reduction in the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) through the slowing of thermohaline circulation.
Revised:  Stratification In addition, it is thought that extensive salinity stratification can lead to a reduction in the meriodional overturning circulation (MOC) through the slowing of thermohaline circulation.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The ocean, in this case, can be described as "less ventilated", and this has been implicated in the slowing down of the MOC. Paleosalinity during the Last Glacial Maximum Adkins' study found that global salinity increased with a global sea level drop of 120m.
Revised:  The ocean, in this case, can be described as "less ventilated", and this has been implicated in the slowing down of the MOC. Paleosalinity during the Last Glacial Maximum Adkins' study found that global salinity was greater, more or less as expected for a global sea level drop of 120m.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Analyzing 18O data they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point  , with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in temperatures.
Revised:  Analyzing 18O data they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point of water , with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in temperatures.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Analyzing 18O data they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point  , with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in temperatures.
Revised:  Analyzing 18O data they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point , with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homgeneity in their temperatures.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Today the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW ) is observed to be more saline than Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) , whereas at the last glacial maximum it was observed that the AABW was in fact more saline;
Revised:  Today the NADW is observed to be more saline than Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) , whereas at the last glacial maximum it was observed that the AABW was in fact more saline;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Today the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW ) is observed to be more saline than Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) , whereas at the last glacial maximum it was observed that the AABW was in fact more saline;
Revised:  Today the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW ) is observed to be more saline than AABW , whereas at the last glacial maximum it was observed that the AABW was in fact more saline;
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Paleosalinity (or Palaeosalinity ) is the salinity of the global ocean or of an ocean basin at a point in geological history.
Revised: Paleosalinity (or palaeosalinity ) is the salinity of the global ocean or of an ocean basin at a point in geological history.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Since there is thought to have been a 120m depression in sea level at the last glacial maximum due to the extensive formation of ice sheets (which are solely freshwater), this represents a significant fractionation towards saltier seas during glacial periods.
Revised:  Since there is thought to have been a 120 m depression in sea level at the last glacial maximum due to the extensive formation of ice sheets (which are solely freshwater), this represents a significant fractionation towards saltier seas during glacial periods.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Measuring Paleosalinity There may exist proxies for salinity, but to date the main way that salinity has been measured has been by directly measuring chlorinity in pore fluids.
Revised:  Measuring paleosalinity There may exist proxies for salinity, but to date the main way that salinity has been measured has been by directly measuring chlorinity in pore fluids.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  for example, sulphate reduction and cation-clay interactions can change overall salinity, whereas chlorinity is not heavily affected.
Revised:  for example, sulfate reduction and cation-clay interactions can change overall salinity, whereas chlorinity is not heavily affected.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Paleosalinity during the Last Glacial Maximum Adkins' study found that global salinity increased with a global sea level drop of 120m . Analyzing 18O data they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point, with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in temperatures.
Revised:  Paleosalinity during the Last Glacial Maximum Adkins' study found that global salinity increased with a global sea level drop of 120 m . Analyzing 18O data they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point, with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in temperatures.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Another observation is that the Southern Ocean was vastly more salty at the LGM than today , and noticeably more salty .
Revised:  Another observation is that the Southern Ocean was vastly more salty at the LGM than today .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This is particularly intriguiging given the assumed importance of the Southern Ocean in oceanic dynamical regulation of ice ages.
Revised:  This is particularly intriguing given the assumed importance of the Southern Ocean in oceanic dynamical regulation of ice ages.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  isopycnals effectively do no outcrop at the surface and are parallel to the surface.
Revised:  isopycnals effectively do not outcrop at the surface and are parallel to the surface.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: The  coat of arms of the Central African Empire consists of a shield in the centre, with two flags on its edges, and with a sun rising over the shield, with an imperial eagle in the centre.
Revised: The imperial coat of arms of the Central African Empire consists of a shield in the centre, with two flags on its edges, and with a sun rising over the shield, with an imperial eagle in the centre.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: A Bjerrum plot is obtained by using these three equations to plot these three species against pH = – , for given K1, K2 and DIC.
Revised: A Bjerrum plot is obtained by using these three equations to plot these three species against pH = , for given K1, K2 and DIC.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: A Bjerrum plot is obtained by using these three equations to plot these three species against pH = , for given K1, K2 and DIC.
Revised: A Bjerrum plot is obtained by using these three equations to plot these three species against , for given K1, K2 and DIC.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: These three equations show that the curves for and HCO3− intersect at H+ eq = K1 , and the curves for HCO3− and CO32− intersect at H+ eq = K2 . Therefore, the values of K1 and K2 that were used to create a given Bjerrum plot can easily be found from that plot, by reading off the concentrations at these points of intersection.
Revised: These three equations show that the curves for and HCO3− intersect at eq = K1 , and the curves for HCO3− and CO32− intersect at H+ eq = K2 . Therefore, the values of K1 and K2 that were used to create a given Bjerrum plot can easily be found from that plot, by reading off the concentrations at these points of intersection.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: These three equations show that the curves for and HCO3− intersect at H+ eq = K1 , and the curves for HCO3− and CO32− intersect at H+ eq = K2 . Therefore, the values of K1 and K2 that were used to create a given Bjerrum plot can easily be found from that plot, by reading off the concentrations at these points of intersection.
Revised: These three equations show that the curves for and HCO3− intersect at H+ , and the curves for HCO3− and CO32− intersect at H+ eq = K2 . Therefore, the values of K1 and K2 that were used to create a given Bjerrum plot can easily be found from that plot, by reading off the concentrations at these points of intersection.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: These three equations show that the curves for and HCO3− intersect at H+ eq = K1 , and the curves for HCO3− and CO32− intersect at H+ eq = K2 . Therefore, the values of K1 and K2 that were used to create a given Bjerrum plot can easily be found from that plot, by reading off the concentrations at these points of intersection.
Revised: These three equations show that the curves for and HCO3− intersect at H+ eq = K1 , and the curves for HCO3− and CO32− intersect at eq = K2 . Therefore, the values of K1 and K2 that were used to create a given Bjerrum plot can easily be found from that plot, by reading off the concentrations at these points of intersection.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: These three equations show that the curves for and HCO3− intersect at H+ eq = K1 , and the curves for HCO3− and CO32− intersect at H+ eq = K2 . Therefore, the values of K1 and K2 that were used to create a given Bjerrum plot can easily be found from that plot, by reading off the concentrations at these points of intersection.
Revised: These three equations show that the curves for and HCO3− intersect at H+ eq = K1 , and the curves for HCO3− and CO32− intersect at H+ . Therefore, the values of K1 and K2 that were used to create a given Bjerrum plot can easily be found from that plot, by reading off the concentrations at these points of intersection.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Sometimes also known as Sillén diagram or Hägg diagram.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  At every pH, the concentration of carbonic acid is assumed to be negligible compared to the concentration of dissolved CO2 , and so is often omitted from Bjerrum plots.
Revised:  At every pH, the concentration of carbonic acid is assumed to be negligible compared to the concentration of dissolved , and so is often omitted from Bjerrum plots.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  denotes that these are equilibrium concentrations, K1 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction + H+ + HCO3− (i.e. the first acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), K2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO3− H+ + CO32− (i.e. the second acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), and DIC is the (unchanging) total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system, i.e. [] + [ HCO3− ] + [ CO32− ]. K1, K2 and DIC each have units of a concentration, e.g. mol/ litre .
Revised:  denotes that these are equilibrium concentrations, K1 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction + H+ + (i.e. the first acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), K2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO3− H+ + CO32− (i.e. the second acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), and DIC is the (unchanging) total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system, i.e. [] + [ HCO3− ] + [ CO32− ]. K1, K2 and DIC each have units of a concentration, e.g. mol/ litre .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  denotes that these are equilibrium concentrations, K1 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction + H+ + HCO3− (i.e. the first acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), K2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO3− H+ + CO32− (i.e. the second acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), and DIC is the (unchanging) total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system, i.e. [] + [ HCO3− ] + [ CO32− ]. K1, K2 and DIC each have units of a concentration, e.g. mol/ litre .
Revised:  denotes that these are equilibrium concentrations, K1 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction + H+ + HCO3− (i.e. the first acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), K2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction H+ + CO32− (i.e. the second acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), and DIC is the (unchanging) total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system, i.e. [] + [ HCO3− ] + [ CO32− ]. K1, K2 and DIC each have units of a concentration, e.g. mol/ litre .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  denotes that these are equilibrium concentrations, K1 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction + H+ + HCO3− (i.e. the first acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), K2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO3− H+ + CO32− (i.e. the second acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), and DIC is the (unchanging) total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system, i.e. [] + [ HCO3− ] + [ CO32− ]. K1, K2 and DIC each have units of a concentration, e.g. mol/ litre .
Revised:  denotes that these are equilibrium concentrations, K1 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction + H+ + HCO3− (i.e. the first acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), K2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO3− H+ + (i.e. the second acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), and DIC is the (unchanging) total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system, i.e. [] + [ HCO3− ] + [ CO32− ]. K1, K2 and DIC each have units of a concentration, e.g. mol/ litre .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  denotes that these are equilibrium concentrations, K1 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction + H+ + HCO3− (i.e. the first acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), K2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO3− H+ + CO32− (i.e. the second acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), and DIC is the (unchanging) total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system, i.e. [] + [ HCO3− ] + [ CO32− ]. K1, K2 and DIC each have units of a concentration, e.g. mol/ litre .
Revised:  denotes that these are equilibrium concentrations, K1 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction + H+ + HCO3− (i.e. the first acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), K2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO3− H+ + CO32− (i.e. the second acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), and DIC is the (unchanging) total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system, i.e. [] + [ ] + [ CO32− ]. K1, K2 and DIC each have units of a concentration, e.g. mol/ litre .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  denotes that these are equilibrium concentrations, K1 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction + H+ + HCO3− (i.e. the first acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), K2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO3− H+ + CO32− (i.e. the second acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), and DIC is the (unchanging) total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system, i.e. [] + [ HCO3− ] + [ CO32− ]. K1, K2 and DIC each have units of a concentration, e.g. mol/ litre .
Revised:  denotes that these are equilibrium concentrations, K1 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction + H+ + HCO3− (i.e. the first acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), K2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO3− H+ + CO32− (i.e. the second acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), and DIC is the (unchanging) total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system, i.e. [] + [ HCO3− ] + [ ]. K1, K2 and DIC each have units of a concentration, e.g. mol/ litre .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  denotes that these are equilibrium concentrations, K1 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction + H+ + HCO3− (i.e. the first acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), K2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO3− H+ + CO32− (i.e. the second acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), and DIC is the (unchanging) total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system, i.e. [] + [ HCO3− ] + [ CO32− ]. K1, K2 and DIC each have units of a concentration, e.g. mol/ litre .
Revised:  denotes that these are equilibrium concentrations, K1 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction + H+ + HCO3− (i.e. the first acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), K2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO3− H+ + CO32− (i.e. the second acid dissociation constant for carbonic acid), and DIC is the (unchanging) total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system, i.e. [] + [ HCO3− ] + [ CO32− ]. K1, K2 and DIC each have units of a concentration, e.g. mol/ L .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  These three equations show that the curves for and HCO3− intersect at , and the curves for HCO3− and CO32− intersect at .
Revised:  These three equations show that the curves for and intersect at , and the curves for HCO3− and CO32− intersect at .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Retrieved 30NOV2013.
Revised:  Retrieved 30 November 2013.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  (2) Note that reaction (1) is actually the combination of two elementary reactions: + H+ + HCO3−. where %DIFDELCMD < [] %%% denotes concentration, t is time, and k1 and k−1 are appropriate proportionality constants for reaction (1) , called respectively the forwards and reverse rate constants for this reaction.
Revised:  (2) Note that reaction is actually the combination of two elementary reactions: + H+ + HCO3−. where %DIFDELCMD < [] %%% denotes concentration, t is time, and k1 and k−1 are appropriate proportionality constants for reaction (1) , called respectively the forwards and reverse rate constants for this reaction.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  (2) Note that reaction (1) is actually the combination of two elementary reactions: + H+ + HCO3−. where %DIFDELCMD < [] %%% denotes concentration, t is time, and k1 and k−1 are appropriate proportionality constants for reaction (1) , called respectively the forwards and reverse rate constants for this reaction.
Revised:  (2) Note that reaction (1) is actually the combination of two elementary reactions: + H+ + where %DIFDELCMD < [] %%% denotes concentration, t is time, and k1 and k−1 are appropriate proportionality constants for reaction (1) , called respectively the forwards and reverse rate constants for this reaction.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  (2) Note that reaction (1) is actually the combination of two elementary reactions: + H+ + HCO3−. where %DIFDELCMD < [] %%% denotes concentration, t is time, and k1 and k−1 are appropriate proportionality constants for reaction (1) , called respectively the forwards and reverse rate constants for this reaction.
Revised:  (2) Note that reaction (1) is actually the combination of two elementary reactions: + H+ + HCO3−. where %DIFDELCMD < [] %%% denotes concentration, t is time, and K1 and k−1 are appropriate proportionality constants for reaction (1) , called respectively the forwards and reverse rate constants for this reaction.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  (2) Note that reaction (1) is actually the combination of two elementary reactions: + H+ + HCO3−. where %DIFDELCMD < [] %%% denotes concentration, t is time, and k1 and k−1 are appropriate proportionality constants for reaction (1) , called respectively the forwards and reverse rate constants for this reaction.
Revised:  (2) Note that reaction (1) is actually the combination of two elementary reactions: + H+ + HCO3−. where %DIFDELCMD < [] %%% denotes concentration, t is time, and k1 and k−1 are appropriate proportionality constants for reaction , called respectively the forwards and reverse rate constants for this reaction.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  (Similarly k2 and k−2 for reaction (2) .) At any equilibrium, the concentrations are unchanging, hence the left hand sides of these equations are zero.
Revised:  (Similarly K2 and k−2 for reaction (2) .) At any equilibrium, the concentrations are unchanging, hence the left hand sides of these equations are zero.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  (Similarly k2 and k−2 for reaction (2) .) At any equilibrium, the concentrations are unchanging, hence the left hand sides of these equations are zero.
Revised:  (Similarly k2 and k−2 for reaction .) At any equilibrium, the concentrations are unchanging, hence the left hand sides of these equations are zero.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Then, from the first of these four equations, the ratio of reaction (1)
Revised:  Then, from the first of these four equations, the ratio of reaction 
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  's rate constants equals the ratio of its equilibrium concentrations, and this ratio, called K1, is called the equilibrium constant for reaction (1)
Revised:  's rate constants equals the ratio of its equilibrium concentrations, and this ratio, called K1, is called the equilibrium constant for reaction 
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  , i.e. (3) Similarly, from the fourth equation for the equilibrium constant K2 for reaction (2), (4) Rearranging (3) gives (5) and rearranging (4) , then substituting in (5), gives (6) The total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system is given by substituting in (5) and (6) The equations for HCO3− and CO32− are obtained by substituting this into (5) and(6)
Revised:  , i.e. Similarly, from the fourth equation for the equilibrium constant K2 for reaction (2), (4) Rearranging (3) gives (5) and rearranging (4) , then substituting in (5), gives (6) The total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the system is given by substituting in (5) and (6) The equations for HCO3− and CO32− are obtained by substituting this into (5) and(6)
Edit intent: fluency