wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:   United States In the United States, most cities have zoning codes that set the minimum size for a housing unit (often 400  square feet) as well as the number of non-related persons who can live together in one unit ] . In January 2013, New York City got its   first microapartment building , with 55 units that are as small as and ceilings from .
Revised:  United States In the United States, most cities have zoning codes that set the minimum size for a housing unit (often 400 square feet) as well as the number of non-related persons who can live together in one unit ] . In January 2013, New York City got its Boston's first microapartment building , with 55 units that are as small as and ceilings from .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: In San Francisco, Starcity is converting unused parking garages, commercial spaces and offices into single room residential units, where tenants (tech professionals are the typical renter) get a furnished bedroom and access to wifi, janitor servies and common kitchens and lounges for $1,400 to $2,400 per month, an approach that has been called "dorm living for grown ups".
Revised: In San Francisco, Starcity is converting unused parking garages, commercial spaces and offices into single room residential units, where tenants (tech professionals are the typical renter) get a furnished bedroom and access to wifi, janitor services and common kitchens and lounges for $1,400 to $2,400 per month, an approach that has been called "dorm living for grown ups".
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  however, an article about Seattle in Market Urbanism Report states this is a "reenactment of the way U.S. cities have long worked", as individuals seeking "solo loving and centralized locations" are willing to accept smaller apartments even though the per-square-foot prices may be higher than some larger units.
Revised:  however, an article about Seattle in Market Urbanism Report states this is a "reenactment of the way U.S. cities have long worked", as individuals seeking "solo living and centralized locations" are willing to accept smaller apartments even though the per-square-foot prices may be higher than some larger units.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In Rome, where the average price of property in 2010 was $7,800 per square metre ($725 per square feet ), microapartments as small as 4 square metres (45 square feet) have been advertised.
Revised:  In Rome, where the average price of property in 2010 was $7,800 per square metre ($725 per square foot ), microapartments as small as 4 square metres (45 square feet) have been advertised.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: In 2017, California passed a law which encourages development of "efficiency units" of at least 150 sq ft by disallowing localities from limiting their numbers near public universities and public transportation.
Revised: In 2017, California passed a law that encourages development of "efficiency units" of at least 150 sq ft by disallowing localities from limiting their numbers near public universities and public transportation.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In Seattle, some residents have complained that high-density microhousing changes the character of neighbourhoods , suddenly increasing demand for parking spaces and other amenities.
Revised:  In Seattle, some residents have complained that high-density microhousing changes the character of neighborhoods , suddenly increasing demand for parking spaces and other amenities.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  To give a measure of protection to those communities, in 1916 land in Native Reserves, which  amounted to about a quarter of the land in the protectorate, were designated as Native Trust Land, to be held in trust for the benefit of African communities.
Revised:  To give a measure of protection to those communities, in 1916 land in Native Reserves, which then amounted to about a quarter of the land in the protectorate, were designated as Native Trust Land, to be held in trust for the benefit of African communities.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  To give a measure of protection to those communities, in 1916 land in Native Reserves, which  amounted to about a quarter of the land in the protectorate, were designated as Native Trust Land, to be held in trust for the benefit of African communities.
Revised:  To give a measure of protection to those communities, in 1916 land in Native Reserves, which amounted to about a quarter of the land in the protectorate, was designated as Native Trust Land, to be held in trust for the benefit of African communities.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  After 1936, Native Trust Land constituted over 80\% of the land in Nyasaland and most African farmers farmed Native Trust Land (re-named African Trust Land in 1950) from then until Nyasaland gained independence as Malawi in 1964 , and after.
Revised:  After 1936, Native Trust Land constituted over 80\% of the land in Nyasaland and most African farmers farmed Native Trust Land (re-named African Trust Land in 1950) from then until Nyasaland gained independence as Malawi in 1964 and after.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In 1902, the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted the British Central Africa Order, which provided that English Law , including land law , would generally apply in the British Central Africa Protectorate  and that the Crown had sovereignty over all the land in the protectorate, which was held by others as its tenants.
Revised:  In 1902, the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted the British Central Africa Order, which provided that English Law ( including land law , would generally apply in the British Central Africa Protectorate and that the Crown had sovereignty over all the land in the protectorate, which was held by others as its tenants.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In 1902, the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted the British Central Africa Order, which provided that English Law , including land law , would generally apply in the British Central Africa Protectorate  and that the Crown had sovereignty over all the land in the protectorate, which was held by others as its tenants.
Revised:  In 1902, the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted the British Central Africa Order, which provided that English Law , including land law ) would apply generally in the British Central Africa Protectorate and that the Crown had sovereignty over all the land in the protectorate, which was held by others as its tenants.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In 1902, the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted the British Central Africa Order, which provided that English Law , including land law , would generally apply in the British Central Africa Protectorate  and that the Crown had sovereignty over all the land in the protectorate, which was held by others as its tenants.
Revised:  In 1902, the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted the British Central Africa Order, which provided that English Law , including land law , would generally apply in the British Central Africa Protectorate , and that the Crown had sovereignty over all the land in the protectorate, which was held by others as its tenants.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  After 1860,  southern Malawi suffered insecurity through warfare and slave raiding: this led to the widespread abandonment fertile land.
Revised:  After 1860, the area that is now southern Malawi suffered insecurity through warfare and slave raiding: this led to the widespread abandonment fertile land.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Local chiefs tried to gain protection from European companies and settlers who  entered the area from the 1860s by granting them the right to cultivate this abandoned, insecure land.
Revised:  Local chiefs tried to gain protection from European companies and settlers who had entered the area from the 1860s by granting them the right to cultivate this abandoned, insecure land.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The African Lakes Company, formed in 1877 to cooperate with the missions established in central Africa by combating the slave trade and , introducing legitimate trade  claimed to have made treaties or agreements with several chiefs.
Revised:  The African Lakes Company, formed in 1877 to cooperate with the missions established in central Africa by combating the slave trade and introducing legitimate trade claimed to have made treaties or agreements with several chiefs.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The African Lakes Company, formed in 1877 to cooperate with the missions established in central Africa by combating the slave trade and , introducing legitimate trade  claimed to have made treaties or agreements with several chiefs.
Revised:  The African Lakes Company, formed in 1877 to cooperate with the missions established in central Africa by combating the slave trade and , introducing legitimate trade , claimed to have made treaties or agreements with several chiefs.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Some of these treaties claimed to a transfer of sovereignty to the company, which may have had the ambition to become a Chartered company.
Revised:  Some of these treaties claimed to have transfered sovereignty to the company, which may have had the ambition to become a Chartered company.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  However, he did accept that these agreements might be evidence of sales of land .
Revised:  However, he did accept that these agreements might be evidence of land sales .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Protected Africans retained  internal sovereignty, and were only subject to Crown control if, and to the extent, agreed on in treaties and concessions.
Revised:  Protected Africans retained their internal sovereignty, and were only subject to Crown control if, and to the extent, agreed on in treaties and concessions.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The mere proclamation of a protectorate did not give the Crown property in its land , or minerals, unless the agreements with African rulers so provide .C Ng'ong'ola, (1990).
Revised:  The mere proclamation of a protectorate did not give the Crown property in its land or minerals, unless the agreements with African rulers so provide .C Ng'ong'ola, (1990).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The mere proclamation of a protectorate did not give the Crown property in its land , or minerals, unless the agreements with African rulers so provide .C Ng'ong'ola, (1990).
Revised:  The mere proclamation of a protectorate did not give the Crown property in its land , or minerals, unless the agreements with African rulers so provided .C Ng'ong'ola, (1990).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The treaties that did include such cessations of land rights covered less than half of the Protectorate.
Revised:  The treaties that included the cessation of land rights covered less than half of the Protectorate.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Although the protectorate had been proclaimed on the understanding that British South Africa Company would contribute to the costs of its administration, Johnson, resisted the company’s demand that Crown lands forming over 20\% of the protectorate should be transferred to its control and that Johnson should also facilitate the transfer of African lands , over 40\% of total land, to it (the remaining 15\% was in European ownership).
Revised:  Although the protectorate had been proclaimed on the understanding that British South Africa Company would contribute to the costs of its administration, Johnson, resisted the company’s demand that Crown lands forming over 20\% of the land of the protectorate, should be transferred to its control and that Johnson should also facilitate the transfer of African lands , over 40\% of total land, to it (the remaining 15\% was in European ownership).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Although the protectorate had been proclaimed on the understanding that British South Africa Company would contribute to the costs of its administration, Johnson, resisted the company’s demand that Crown lands forming over 20\% of the protectorate should be transferred to its control and that Johnson should also facilitate the transfer of African lands , over 40\% of total land, to it (the remaining 15\% was in European ownership).
Revised:  Although the protectorate had been proclaimed on the understanding that British South Africa Company would contribute to the costs of its administration, Johnson, resisted the company’s demand that Crown lands forming over 20\% of the protectorate should be transferred to its control and that Johnson should also facilitate the transfer of lands remaining in African hands, amounting to over 40\% of total land, to it (the remaining 15\% was in European ownership).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Under this interpretation chiefs could cede land to the Crown or sell or grant land not currently being used by the community to Europeans , and Johnston claimed that the Crown had two rights as the Protecting Power.
Revised:  Under this interpretation chiefs could cede land to the Crown or sell or grant land not currently being used by the community to Europeans . Johnston also claimed that the Crown had two rights as the Protecting Power.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Firstly, that any “waste” land (if not currently in use or occupied) was Crown Land and freehold or leasehold titles  could be granted to Europeans.
Revised:  Firstly, that any “waste” land (if not currently in use or occupied) was Crown Land and freehold or leasehold titles over it could be granted to Europeans.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Secondly, he claimed that the Crown was entitled to investigate whether any earlier sales or transfers were valid and, if they were, to issue a Certificate of Claim (in effect a registration of freehold title) in the land to the new owners.
Revised:  Secondly, that the Crown was entitled to investigate whether any earlier sales or transfers were valid and, if they were, to issue a Certificate of Claim (in effect a registration of freehold title) in the land to the new owners.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Customary Land Tenure, Taxes and Service Delivery in Rural Malawi, p. 5. Johnston had no legal training and the protectorate has no law officers until 1896.
Revised:  Customary Land Tenure, Taxes and Service Delivery in Rural Malawi, p. 5. Johnston had no legal training and the protectorate had no law officers until 1896.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In the early years of the protectorate, the owners usually did not object to Africans resident on their estates practicing shifting cultivation and moving their fields every few years, as they wanted to retain existing residents and attract new ones as a workforce.
Revised:  In the early years of the protectorate, owners usually did not object to Africans resident on their estates practicing shifting cultivation and moving their fields every few years, as they wanted to retain existing residents and attract new ones as a workforce.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This was resisted, and the situation was not finally resolved until the colonial administration’s Natives on Private Estates Ordinance 1928 removed the distinction between descendants of original residents and others by abolishing non-disturbance clauses.
Revised:  This situation was not finally resolved until the colonial administration’s Natives on Private Estates Ordinance 1928 removed the distinction between descendants of original residents and others by abolishing non-disturbance clauses.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Alfred Sharpe, who was Commissioner then Governor from 1896 to 1910, favoured a policy of creating reserves in those areas required for African subsistence, and to alienating land not required by them for commercial farming.
Revised:  Alfred Sharpe, who was Commissioner then Governor from 1896 to 1910, favoured a policy of creating reserves limited to those areas required for African subsistence, and to alienating land not required by them for commercial farming.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Alfred Sharpe, who was Commissioner then Governor from 1896 to 1910, favoured a policy of creating reserves in those areas required for African subsistence, and to alienating land not required by them for commercial farming.
Revised:  Alfred Sharpe, who was Commissioner then Governor from 1896 to 1910, favoured a policy of creating reserves in those areas required for African subsistence, and allowing any land not required by them for commercial farming.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Alfred Sharpe, who was Commissioner then Governor from 1896 to 1910, favoured a policy of creating reserves in those areas required for African subsistence, and to alienating land not required by them for commercial farming.
Revised:  Alfred Sharpe, who was Commissioner then Governor from 1896 to 1910, favoured a policy of creating reserves in those areas required for African subsistence, and to alienating land not required for subsistence to be alienated for commercial farming.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The 1916 Ordinance did not provide for the administration of Trust Land by African communities or their leaders, as formal indirect rule was only introduced in 1933-34, although in practice chiefs had day-to-day charge of land distribution.
Revised:  The 1916 Ordinance did not provide for the administration of Trust Land by African communities or their leaders, as formal indirect rule was only introduced in 1933-34, although , in practice, chiefs had day-to-day charge of land distribution.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Its report opposed formal reserves, but recommended a calculation of what land should be provided for  African subsistence agriculture , assigning much of the rest to European settlement.
Revised:  Its report opposed formal reserves, but recommended a calculation of what land should be provided for African subsistence agriculture and making much of the rest to European settlement.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Its report opposed formal reserves, but recommended a calculation of what land should be provided for  African subsistence agriculture , assigning much of the rest to European settlement.
Revised:  Its report opposed formal reserves, but recommended a calculation of what land should be provided for African subsistence agriculture , assigning much of the rest available for European settlement.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The report of an East Africa Lands Commission in 1924-5 favoured a reserve system similar to  Kenya, with a Native Lands Trust Board to oversee the reserves.
Revised:  The report of an East Africa Lands Commission in 1924-5 favoured a reserve system similar to that of Kenya, with a Native Lands Trust Board to oversee the reserves.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  An ordinance for this purpose was enacted in 1927, and certain areas were designated as “Crown lands for the settlement of Natives”, but this did little to change existing arrangements and, as some commercial development by settlers was considered useful, there was provision for some alienation of this land , to be subject to 99-year leases.
Revised:  An Ordinance for this purpose was enacted in 1927, and certain areas were designated as “Crown lands for the settlement of Natives”, but this did little to change existing arrangements and, as some commercial development by settlers was considered useful, there was provision for some alienation of this land , to be subject to 99-year leases.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  An ordinance for this purpose was enacted in 1927, and certain areas were designated as “Crown lands for the settlement of Natives”, but this did little to change existing arrangements and, as some commercial development by settlers was considered useful, there was provision for some alienation of this land , to be subject to 99-year leases.
Revised:  An ordinance for this purpose was enacted in 1927, and certain areas were designated as “Crown lands for the settlement of Natives”, but this did little to change existing arrangements and, as some commercial development by settlers was considered useful, there was provision for some land alienation, in the form of 99-year leases.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Reserved lands covered land occupied under Certificates of Claim (previously classified as private land) and any land subsequently granted or leased out of Crown lands alienation . Reserved lands also included forest reserves and land in township areas.
Revised:  Reserved lands covered land occupied under Certificates of Claim (previously classified as private land) and any land subsequently granted or leased out of Crown lands . Reserved lands also included forest reserves and land in township areas.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The Governor could, however, grant a right of occupancy of Native Trust land to a member of any racial group, normally as a lease .
Revised:  The Governor could, however, grant a right of occupancy of Native Trust land to a member of any racial group, normally as a lessee .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The aims of the 1936 Native Trust Land Order included reassuring the African people of Nyasaland of their rights in land and relieving them of fears of its alienation without their consent.
Revised:  The aims of the 1936 Native Trust Land Order included reassuring the African people of Nyasaland of their rights in the land they occupied, and relieving them of fears of its alienation without their consent.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  These aims were incompatible with the view that the African people of Nyasaland had only a limited entitlement to as much land as was deemed sufficient for them , and that the remainder could be re-allocated: this view was clear in the report of the 1920 Land Commission.
Revised:  These aims were incompatible with the view that the African people of Nyasaland had only a limited entitlement to as much land as was deemed sufficient for them : the view of the 1920 Land Commission.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  From 1936, Native Treasuries created under the Native Authorities Courts Treasuries Ordinance were to receive 25\% of all leasehold rents collected for Native Trust Land in respect of leases in their Native Authority area.
Revised:  From 1936, Native Treasuries created under the Native Authorities Courts Treasuries Ordinance were to receive 25\% of all leasehold rents collected for Native Trust Land from leases in their Native Authority area.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The remaining 75\% of rents went to a central fund which to top up the Treasuries of those districts in deficit.
Revised:  The remaining 75\% of rents went to a central fund that topped-up the Treasuries of those districts in deficit.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The remaining 75\% of rents went to a central fund which to top up the Treasuries of those districts in deficit.
Revised:  The remaining 75\% of rents went to a central fund which to top up the Treasuries of districts in deficit.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The authorities controlling land use and occupation were African chiefs and headmen, and African customs and laws of the were recognised as the governing law.
Revised:  The authorities controlling land use and occupation were African chiefs and headmen, and African customs and laws were recognised as the governing law.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In pre-colonial times, land belonged to the African communities that occupied it, and they were free to use it in accordance with local customary law.
Revised:  In pre-colonial times, land belonged to the African communities that occupied it, and their members were free to use it in accordance with local customary law.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Community leaders could allocate the use of communal land to  its members, but in general could not grant it to outsiders.
Revised:  Community leaders could allocate the use of communal land to its members, but in general they did so in accordance with custom, which generally prevented it being granted to outsiders.
Edit intent: clarity