wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  Here we consider the case of prior procedural knowledge  , such as knowing the overall recursive structure of a sequence transduction program or the fact that a program will likely use arithmetic operations on real numbers to solve a task .
Revised:  Here we consider the case of prior procedural knowledge , such as knowing how a program should traverse a sequence, but not what local actions should be performed at each step .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To this end we present a differentiable interpreter for the programming language Forth .
Revised:  To this end , we present an end-to-end differentiable interpreter for the programming language Forth .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  As the program interpreter is end-to-end differentiable, we can optimize this behaviour directly through gradient descent techniques on user specified objectives, and also integrate the program into any larger neural computation graph.
Revised:  We can optimise this behaviour directly through gradient descent techniques on user specified objectives, and also integrate the program into any larger neural computation graph.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  As the program interpreter is end-to-end differentiable, we can optimize this behaviour directly through gradient descent techniques on user specified objectives, and also integrate the program into any larger neural computation graph.
Revised:  As the program interpreter is end-to-end differentiable, we can optimize this behaviour directly through gradient descent techniques on user-specified objectives, and also integrate the program into any larger neural computation graph.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We show empirically that our interpreter is able to effectively leverage different levels of prior program structure and learn complex transduction tasks such as sequence sorting or addition with substantially less data and better generalisation over problem sizes.
Revised:  We show empirically that our interpreter is able to effectively leverage different levels of prior program structure and learn complex behaviours such as sequence sorting or addition with substantially less data and better generalisation over problem sizes.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We propose a novel method for hierarchical topic detection where topics are obtained by clustering documents in multiple ways.
Revised: We present a novel method for hierarchical topic detection where topics are obtained by clustering documents in multiple ways.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The variables at other levels are discrete latent variables, with those at the second level representing word co-occurrence patterns and those at higher levels representing co-occurrence of patterns at the level below.
Revised:  The variables at other levels are binary latent variables, with those at the second level representing word co-occurrence patterns and those at higher levels representing co-occurrence of patterns at the level below.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Compared with LDA-based topic models, a key advantage of HLTMs is that they, as graphical models, explicitly model the dependence and independence structure among topics and words, which is conducive to the discovery of meaningful topics and topic hierarchies.
Revised:  Unlike LDA-based topic models, a key advantage of HLTMs is that they, as graphical models, explicitly model the dependence and independence structure among topics and words, which is conducive to the discovery of meaningful topics and topic hierarchies.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In this paper we study the ability of convolutional arithmetic circuits to model correlations among regions of their input.
Revised:  In this paper we study the ability of convolutional networks to model correlations among regions of their input.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   Correlations are formalized through the notion of separation rank, which for a given input partition , measures how far a function is from being separable.
Revised:  Correlations are formalized through the notion of separation rank, which for a given partition of the input , measures how far a function is from being separable.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This paper considers a novel mobile cloud computing scenario in which the "cloudlet" processor that provides offloading opportunities to mobile devices is mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enhance coverage.
Revised:  This paper considers a mobile cloud computing scenario in which the "cloudlet" processor that provides offloading opportunities to mobile devices is mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enhance coverage.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  the number of input bits processed by the cloudlet at the UAV, and the number of output bits returned by the cloudlet to the mobile in the downlink in each slot is carried out by means of dual decomposition under maximum latency constraints  . Numerical results reveal the critical importance of an optimized bit allocation in order to enable significant energy savings as compared to local mobile execution for stringent latency constraints.
Revised:  the number of input bits processed by the cloudlet at the UAV, and the number of output bits returned by the cloudlet to the mobile in the downlink in each slot is carried out by means of dual decomposition under maximum latency constraints with the aim of minimizing the mobile energy consumption . Numerical results reveal the critical importance of an optimized bit allocation in order to enable significant energy savings as compared to local mobile execution for stringent latency constraints.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that our model is applicable to general regression problems, and is particularly well-suited to grid-structured data and problems where the dependence on covariates is close to being separable.
Revised:  We show that our model is particularly well-suited to grid-structured data and problems where the dependence on covariates is close to being separable.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Furthermore, when applied to collaborative filtering,  our model provides an effective GP based method that has a low-rank matrix factorisation at its core , and gives a natural and elegant method for incorporating side information.
Revised:  A prime example is collaborative filtering, our model provides an effective GP based method that has a low-rank matrix factorisation at its core , and gives a natural and elegant method for incorporating side information.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Furthermore, when applied to collaborative filtering,  our model provides an effective GP based method that has a low-rank matrix factorisation at its core , and gives a natural and elegant method for incorporating side information.
Revised:  Furthermore, when applied to collaborative filtering, for which our model provides an effective GP based method that has a low-rank matrix factorisation at its core , and gives a natural and elegant method for incorporating side information.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Precise positioning of the mitotic spindle is important for specifying the plane of cell division, which in turn determines how the cytoplasmic contents of the mother cell are partitioned into the daughter cells, and how the daughters are positioned within the tissue.
Revised: Precise positioning of the mitotic spindle is important for specifying the plane of cell division, which in turn determines how the cytoplasmic contents are partitioned into the daughter cells, and how the daughters are positioned within the tissue.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Assuming that stability is limited by number fluctuations , we infer that the centering machinery has a large number of independent force generating units, on the order of one thousand, consistent with the several thousand of astral microtubules in these cells.
Revised:  Assuming that stability is limited by number fluctuations , we infer that the number is on the order of one thousand, consistent with the several thousand of astral microtubules in these cells.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Astral microtubules grow out from the two spindle poles, contact and push against the cell cortex, and then shrink back shortly thereafter.
Revised:  Astral microtubules grow out from the two spindle poles, make contact with the cell cortex, and then shrink back shortly thereafter.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The high stability of centering can be accounted for quantitatively if the astral microtubules buckle as they exert compressive, pushing forces onto the cortex .
Revised:  The high stability of centering can be accounted for quantitatively if the astral microtubules buckle as they exert compressive, pushing forces .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We thus propose that the large number of microtubules in the asters provides a highly precise mechanism for positioning the spindle while its assembly is completed during metaphase prior to the onset of anaphase.
Revised:  We thus propose that the large number of microtubules in the asters provides a highly precise mechanism for positioning the spindle during metaphase while assembly is completed during metaphase prior to the onset of anaphase.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We thus propose that the large number of microtubules in the asters provides a highly precise mechanism for positioning the spindle while its assembly is completed during metaphase prior to the onset of anaphase.
Revised:  We thus propose that the large number of microtubules in the asters provides a highly precise mechanism for positioning the spindle while its assembly is completed prior to the onset of anaphase.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We get these separations by using a new connection between sensitivity and a seemingly unrelated measure called one-sided unambiguous certificate complexity (UC_{ \min }).
Revised:  We get these separations by using a new connection between sensitivity and a seemingly unrelated measure called one-sided unambiguous certificate complexity (UC_{ min }).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Finally, we show that UC_{ \min } is lower-bounded by fractional block sensitivity, which means we cannot use these techniques to get a super-quadratic separation between bs(f) and s(f)  .
Revised:  We also show that UC_{ \min } is lower-bounded by fractional block sensitivity, which means we cannot use these techniques to get a super-quadratic separation between bs(f) and s(f) .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Finally, we show that UC_{ \min } is lower-bounded by fractional block sensitivity, which means we cannot use these techniques to get a super-quadratic separation between bs(f) and s(f)  .
Revised:  Finally, we show that UC_{ min } is lower-bounded by fractional block sensitivity, which means we cannot use these techniques to get a super-quadratic separation between bs(f) and s(f) .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Specifically, we first investigate which properties of a code render it robust to transmission over noisy channels and formally prove that for equientropic channels an upper bound on the expected minimum decoding error is attained for codes with maximum marginal entropy.
Revised:  Specifically, we first investigate which properties of a code render it robust to transmission over noisy channels and formally prove that for equientropic channels an upper bound on the expected minimum decoding error is attained for codes with maximal marginal entropy.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We show that the finite-dimensional distributions of the log price process admit a Gram--Charlier A expansion in closed-form.
Revised:  We show that the the joint distribution of any finite sequence of log returns admits a Gram-Charlier A expansion in closed-form.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that the the joint distribution of any finite sequence of log returns admits a Gram-Charlier A expansion in closed-form .
Revised:  We show that the joint density of any finite sequence of log returns admits a Gram-Charlier A expansion in closed-form .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that the the joint distribution of any finite sequence of log returns admits a Gram-Charlier A expansion in closed-form .
Revised:  We show that the the joint distribution of any finite sequence of log returns admits a Gram-Charlier A expansion with closed-form .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In a numerical analysis we find that the price approximations become accurate within short CPU time .
Revised:  In a numerical analysis we show that option prices can be accurately and efficiently approximated by truncating their series representations .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our analytical framework allows us to treat cell-to-cell and dynamic variability consistently, unifying several approaches in the literature.
Revised:  Our analytical framework treats cell-to-cell and dynamic variability consistently, unifying several approaches in the literature.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also show how the solution can be applied to the analysis of  single-cell data, and to reduce the computational cost of sampling solutions via stochastic simulation .
Revised:  We also show how the solution can be applied to the analysis of single-cell data, and to reduce the computational cost of stochastic simulations .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  However, insights into what fundamentally constitutesoptimal network parameters remains obscure.
Revised:  However, insights into what fundamentally constitutes network parameters remains obscure.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This perspective allows us to connect seemingly disparate approaches explored independently in the machine learning community such as batch normalization, Independent Component Analysis, orthogonal weight initialization, etc, as parts of a bigger picture and provide insights into non-linear networks in terms of properties of parameter and data that lead to better performance   .
Revised:  This perspective allows us to connect seemingly disparate approaches explored independently in the machine learning community such as batch normalization, Independent Component Analysis, orthogonal weight initialization, etc, as parts of a bigger picture and provide insights into non-linear networks in terms of properties of parameter and data that lead to better performance true .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this paper, we show that such puzzle a.a.s. has multiple solutions whenever q\leq \sqrt{2 \,n - \omega(\log_2 n), even if permuting identical pieces is not considered changing the solution.
Revised:  In this paper, we show that such puzzle a.a.s. has multiple solutions whenever q\leq \frac{2 \,n - \omega(\log_2 n), even if permuting identical pieces is not considered changing the solution.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: This article outlines some techniques for the use of bitwise operations in  programming languages C /C ++ and Java.
Revised: The main thrust of the article is to provide interesting example, useful for students of using bitwise operations in programming languages C /C ++ and Java.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: This article outlines some techniques for the use of bitwise operations in  programming languages C /C ++ and Java.
Revised: This article outlines some techniques for the use of bitwise operations in the programming languages C /C ++ and Java.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: This article outlines some techniques for the use of bitwise operations in  programming languages C /C ++ and Java.
Revised: This article outlines some techniques for the use of bitwise operations in programming languages C ++ and Java.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  As an example, we describe an algorithm for receiving a Latin square of arbitrary order  .
Revised:  As an example, we describe an algorithm for obtaining a Latin square of arbitrary order .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: This paper develops a free energy theory from physics including the variational principles for automata and languages and also provides algorithms to compute the energy as well as e?cient algorithms for estimating the nondeterminism in a nondeterministic ?nite automaton.
Revised: This paper develops a free energy theory from physics including the variational principles for automata and languages and also provides algorithms to compute the energy as well as efficient algorithms for estimating the nondeterminism in a nondeterministic ?nite automaton.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: This paper develops a free energy theory from physics including the variational principles for automata and languages and also provides algorithms to compute the energy as well as e?cient algorithms for estimating the nondeterminism in a nondeterministic ?nite automaton.
Revised: This paper develops a free energy theory from physics including the variational principles for automata and languages and also provides algorithms to compute the energy as well as e?cient algorithms for estimating the nondeterminism in a nondeterministic finite automaton.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This theory is then used as a foundation to de?ne a semantic similarity metric for automata and languages.
Revised:  This theory is then used as a foundation to define a semantic similarity metric for automata and languages.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Motivation: Early approaches for protein (structural ) classification were sequence-based.
Revised: Initial protein structural comparisons were sequence-based.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Instead, 3D structures can first be modeled as protein structure networks (PSNs).
Revised:  Instead, 3D structures can be modeled as protein structure networks (PSNs).
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Then, network approaches can be used to classify the PSNs. Network approaches may improve upon traditional 3D contact approaches.
Revised:  Then, network approaches can compare proteins by comparing their PSNs. Network approaches may improve upon traditional 3D contact approaches.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We cannot use existing PSN approaches to test this, because: 1) They rely on naive measures of network topology that cannot capture the complexity of PSNs . 2) They are not robust to PSN size.
Revised:  We cannot use existing PSN approaches to test this, because: 1) They rely on naive measures of network topology . 2) They are not robust to PSN size.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We classify both synthetic networks and real-world PSNs more accurately and faster than existing network, 3D contact, or sequence approaches.
Revised:  We compare both synthetic networks and real-world PSNs more accurately and faster than existing network, 3D contact, or sequence approaches.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: The number of possible social relationships a single human being can be involved in is limited , and the distribution of strengths of such relationships show significant skew.
Revised: A single human can be involved in is limited , and the distribution of strengths of such relationships show significant skew.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The number of possible social relationships a single human being can be involved in is limited , and the distribution of strengths of such relationships show significant skew.
Revised: The number of possible social relationships a single human being can be involved in a limited number of social relationships , and the distribution of strengths of such relationships show significant skew.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The number of possible social relationships a single human being can be involved in is limited , and the distribution of strengths of such relationships show significant skew.
Revised: The number of possible social relationships a single human being can be involved in is limited , and the distribution of strengths of such relationships shows significant skew.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This skewness suggests that  costs and benefits of the social interactions required to bond with others (social grooming) depend on the strength of the social relationships: if it involved uniform costs and benefits, the distribution would not be skew.
Revised:  This skewness suggests that the costs and benefits of the social interactions required to bond with others (social grooming) depend on the strength of the social relationships: if it involved uniform costs and benefits, the distribution would not be skew.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This skewness suggests that  costs and benefits of the social interactions required to bond with others (social grooming) depend on the strength of the social relationships: if it involved uniform costs and benefits, the distribution would not be skew.
Revised:  This skewness suggests that costs and benefits of the social interactions required to bond with others (social grooming) depend on the social relationship strength: if they involved uniform costs and benefits, the distribution would not be skew.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this paper , we show that the cost of social grooming increases with the strength of social relationships , and its gradient increases the width and shallowness of these relationships  as evident from an analysis of data from six communication systems.
Revised:  Here , we show that the cost of social grooming increases with the strength of social relationships , and its gradient increases the width and shallowness of these relationships as evident from an analysis of data from six communication systems.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In this paper , we show that the cost of social grooming increases with the strength of social relationships , and its gradient increases the width and shallowness of these relationships  as evident from an analysis of data from six communication systems.
Revised:  In this paper , we show that the cost of social grooming increases with the social relationship strength , and its gradient increases the width and shallowness of these relationships as evident from an analysis of data from six communication systems.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper , we show that the cost of social grooming increases with the strength of social relationships , and its gradient increases the width and shallowness of these relationships  as evident from an analysis of data from six communication systems.
Revised:  In this paper , we show that the cost of social grooming increases with the strength of social relationships , and its gradient determines the structures of these relationships as evident from an analysis of data from six communication systems.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper , we show that the cost of social grooming increases with the strength of social relationships , and its gradient increases the width and shallowness of these relationships  as evident from an analysis of data from six communication systems.
Revised:  In this paper , we show that the cost of social grooming increases with the strength of social relationships , and its gradient increases the width and shallowness of these relationships in society as evident from an analysis of data from six communication systems.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that narrow and deep social relationships require higher costs per relationship than do wide and shallow ones, using a comparison with a null model where social grooming costs were assumed to be independent of the strength of social relationships.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  This may be due to  increase in communication volumes, such as number of characters and duration of calls, along with an increase in the strength of social relationships.
Revised:  This may be due to an increase in communication volumes, such as number of characters and duration of calls, along with an increase in the strength of social relationships.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We test this hypothesis using an individual-based simulation where social grooming costs are assumed to increase linearly with the strength of social relationships ;
Revised:  We test this hypothesis using an individual-based simulation where social grooming costs were assumed to increase linearly with the strength of social relationships ;
Edit intent: fluency