wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  For example, in an observational study of the individual treatment effect of a medicine, instead of randomized experiments, the medicine is assigned to individuals based on a series of factors.
Revised:  For example, in an observational study of the individual-level treatment effect of a medicine, instead of randomized experiments, the medicine is assigned to individuals based on a series of factors.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  For example, in an observational study of the individual treatment effect of a medicine, instead of randomized experiments, the medicine is assigned to individuals based on a series of factors.
Revised:  For example, in an observational study of the individual treatment effect of a medicine, instead of randomized experiments, the medicine is often assigned to each individual based on a series of factors.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Some  factors (e.g., socioeconomic status) are challenging to measure and therefore become hidden confounders.
Revised:  Some of the factors (e.g., socioeconomic status) are challenging to measure and therefore become hidden confounders.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Some  factors (e.g., socioeconomic status) are challenging to measure and therefore become hidden confounders.
Revised:  Some factors (e.g., socioeconomic status) can be challenging to measure and therefore become hidden confounders.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  With this fact in mind, we aim to exploit the network structure to recognize patterns of hidden confounders for the sake of learning causal effects from observational data.
Revised:  With this fact in mind, we aim to exploit the network information to recognize patterns of hidden confounders for the sake of learning causal effects from observational data.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this work, we propose a novel causal inference framework, the network deconfounder, which learns representations to unravel patterns of hidden confounders from the network structure . Empirically, we perform extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of the network deconfounder on various datasets.
Revised:  In this work, we propose a novel causal inference framework, the network deconfounder, which learns representations to unravel patterns of hidden confounders from the network information . Empirically, we perform extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of the network deconfounder on various datasets.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Nektar++ is an open-source framework that provides a flexible, performant and scalable platform for the development of solvers for partial differential equations using the high-order spectral/hp element method.
Revised: Nektar++ is an open-source framework that provides a flexible, high-performance and scalable platform for the development of solvers for partial differential equations using the high-order spectral/hp element method.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We describe some of the key software and performance developments, including our strategies on parallel I/O, on in-situ processing, the use of collective operations for exploiting current and emerging hardware, and interfaces to enable multi-solver coupling.
Revised:  We describe some of the key software and performance developments, including our strategies on parallel I/O, on in situ processing, the use of collective operations for exploiting current and emerging hardware, and interfaces to enable multi-solver coupling.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Furthermore, we provide details on a newly developed Python interface that enable more rapid on-boarding of new users unfamiliar with spectral/hp element methods, C++ and/or Nektar++.
Revised:  Furthermore, we provide details on a newly developed Python interface that enables a more rapid introduction for new users unfamiliar with spectral/hp element methods, C++ and/or Nektar++.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Several practical concerns---e .g., improvement of a program, conformance of code with design, correctness with respect to specified requirements---are subsumed by the beautiful notion that programs and designs are special forms of specification and their relationships are instances of logical implication between specifications.
Revised:  Several practical concerns --- e .g., improvement of a program, conformance of code with design, correctness with respect to specified requirements---are subsumed by the beautiful notion that programs and designs are special forms of specification and their relationships are instances of logical implication between specifications.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Several practical concerns---e .g., improvement of a program, conformance of code with design, correctness with respect to specified requirements---are subsumed by the beautiful notion that programs and designs are special forms of specification and their relationships are instances of logical implication between specifications.
Revised:  Several practical concerns---e .g., improvement of a program, conformance of code with design, correctness with respect to specified requirements --- are subsumed by the beautiful notion that programs and designs are special forms of specification and their relationships are instances of logical implication between specifications.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Mathematical development of this idea has been very successful but limited to an impoverished notion of specification: trace properties.
Revised:  Mathematical development of this idea has been fruitful but limited to an impoverished notion of specification: trace properties.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Some mathematically precise properties of programs---dubbed hyperproperties---refer to traces collectively.
Revised:  Some mathematically precise properties of programs, dubbed hyperproperties, refer to traces collectively.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The main results are: the first compositional semanticsof imperative programs with loops , at the hyper level, and a proof that this semantics is the same as the direct image of a standard semantics, for subset closed hyperproperties.
Revised:  The main results are: a compositional semantics , at the hyper level, and a proof that this semantics is the same as the direct image of a standard semantics, for subset closed hyperproperties.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The main results are: the first compositional semanticsof imperative programs with loops , at the hyper level, and a proof that this semantics is the same as the direct image of a standard semantics, for subset closed hyperproperties.
Revised:  The main results are: the first compositional semanticsof imperative programs with loops , at the hyper level, of imperative programs with loops, and proof that this semantics is the same as the direct image of a standard semantics, for subset closed hyperproperties.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The main results are: the first compositional semanticsof imperative programs with loops , at the hyper level, and a proof that this semantics is the same as the direct image of a standard semantics, for subset closed hyperproperties.
Revised:  The main results are: the first compositional semanticsof imperative programs with loops , at the hyper level, and a proof that this semantics coincides with the direct image of a standard semantics, for subset closed hyperproperties.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We propose a novel multi-tier fog and cloud computing architecture that enables edge nodes to cooperate in sharing computing and radio resources so as to minimize the total energy consumption of mobile users subject to their  delay requirements.
Revised: We develop a joint offloading and resource allocation framework for a multi-layer cooperative fog computing network, aiming to minimize the total energy consumption of mobile users subject to their delay requirements.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We propose a novel multi-tier fog and cloud computing architecture that enables edge nodes to cooperate in sharing computing and radio resources so as to minimize the total energy consumption of mobile users subject to their  delay requirements.
Revised: We propose a novel multi-tier fog and cloud computing architecture that enables edge nodes to cooperate in sharing computing and radio resources so as to minimize the total energy consumption of multiple mobile devices subject to their delay requirements.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We propose a novel multi-tier fog and cloud computing architecture that enables edge nodes to cooperate in sharing computing and radio resources so as to minimize the total energy consumption of mobile users subject to their  delay requirements.
Revised: We propose a novel multi-tier fog and cloud computing architecture that enables edge nodes to cooperate in sharing computing and radio resources so as to minimize the total energy consumption of mobile users subject to their service delay requirements.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Due to the combination of binary (offloading decisions) and real variables (resource allocations), the problem is an NP-hard and computationally intractable .
Revised:  Due to the combination of binary (offloading decisions) and real variables (resource allocations), making it an NP-hard and computationally intractable .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   These (simpler) subproblems can  be solved in parallel at fog nodes , thus help reduce both the complexity and the computational time.
Revised:  These (simpler) subproblems can then be solved in parallel at fog nodes , thus help reduce both the complexity and the computational time.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Analogy is a key solution to automated music generation, featured by its ability to generate both natural and creative pieces based on only a few examples .
Revised: Analogy-making is a key solution to automated music generation, featured by its ability to generate both natural and creative pieces based on only a few examples .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Analogy is a key solution to automated music generation, featured by its ability to generate both natural and creative pieces based on only a few examples .
Revised: Analogy is a key method for computer algorithms to generate both natural and creative pieces based on only a few examples .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Analogy is a key solution to automated music generation, featured by its ability to generate both natural and creative pieces based on only a few examples .
Revised: Analogy is a key solution to automated music generation, featured by its ability to generate both natural and creative music pieces .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  however, this procedure requires disentangling music representations, which  takes little effort for musicians but is non-trivial for computers.
Revised:  however, this procedure requires disentangling music representations, which usually takes little effort for musicians but is non-trivial for computers.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  An explicitly-constrained conditional variational auto-encoder (EC2-VAE) is proposed as a unified solution to all three sub-problems.
Revised:  In this paper, we contribute an explicitly-constrained conditional variational auto-encoder (EC2-VAE) is proposed as a unified solution to all three sub-problems.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  An explicitly-constrained conditional variational auto-encoder (EC2-VAE) is proposed as a unified solution to all three sub-problems.
Revised:  An explicitly-constrained variational autoencoder (EC^2-VAE) as a unified solution to all three sub-problems.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this study, we focus on disentangling the pitch and rhythm representations of 8-beat music clips conditioned on chords.
Revised:  We focus on disentangling the pitch and rhythm representations of 8-beat music clips conditioned on chords.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In producing music analogies, this model helps us to realize the imaginary situation of "what if" a piece is composed using a different pitch contour, rhythm pattern, chord progression etc., by borrowing the representations from other pieces.
Revised:  In producing music analogies, this model helps us to realize the imaginary situation of "what if" a piece is composed using a different pitch contour, rhythm pattern, or chord progression by borrowing the representations from other pieces.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  A similar result holds for those words having no odd palindromic prefix , again by constructing a certain bijection . Using known results on borders, it follows that the number of length-n words having no even (resp., odd) palindromic prefix is asymptotically \gamma_k \cdot k^n for some positive constant \gamma_k .
Revised:  A similar result holds for those words having no odd palindromic prefix . Using known results on borders, it follows that the number of length-n words having no even (resp., odd) palindromic prefix is asymptotically \gamma_k \cdot k^n for some positive constant \gamma_k .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A similar result holds for those words having no odd palindromic prefix , again by constructing a certain bijection . Using known results on borders, it follows that the number of length-n words having no even (resp., odd) palindromic prefix is asymptotically \gamma_k \cdot k^n for some positive constant \gamma_k .
Revised:  A similar result holds for those words having no odd palindromic prefix , again by constructing a certain bijection . Using known results on borders, we get an asymptotic enumeration for the number of length-n words having no even (resp., odd) palindromic prefix is asymptotically \gamma_k \cdot k^n for some positive constant \gamma_k .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A similar result holds for those words having no odd palindromic prefix , again by constructing a certain bijection . Using known results on borders, it follows that the number of length-n words having no even (resp., odd) palindromic prefix is asymptotically \gamma_k \cdot k^n for some positive constant \gamma_k .
Revised:  A similar result holds for those words having no odd palindromic prefix , again by constructing a certain bijection . Using known results on borders, it follows that the number of words having no even (resp., odd) palindromic prefix is asymptotically \gamma_k \cdot k^n for some positive constant \gamma_k .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  DrummerNet does not require any ground-truth transcription , and with the data-scalability of deep neural networks, it learns from a large unlabelled dataset.
Revised:  DrummerNet does not require any ground-truth transcription and, with the data-scalability of deep neural networks, it learns from a large unlabelled dataset.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  DrummerNet does not require any ground-truth transcription , and with the data-scalability of deep neural networks, it learns from a large unlabelled dataset.
Revised:  DrummerNet does not require any ground-truth transcription , and with the data-scalability of deep neural networks, learns from a large unlabelled dataset.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  DrummerNet does not require any ground-truth transcription , and with the data-scalability of deep neural networks, it learns from a large unlabelled dataset.
Revised:  DrummerNet does not require any ground-truth transcription , and with the data-scalability of deep neural networks, it learns from a large unlabeled dataset.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In DrummerNet, the target drum signal is first passed to a (trainable) transcriber, and a (fixed) synthesizer reconstructs the input signal from the transcription estimate.
Revised:  In DrummerNet, the target drum signal is first passed to a (trainable) transcriber, and a (fixed) synthesizer according to the transcription estimate.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In the experiments, DrummerNet performs favorably compared to many  recent drum transcription systems, both supervised and unsupervised.
Revised:  Our experiment shows that DrummerNet performs favorably compared to many recent drum transcription systems, both supervised and unsupervised.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In the experiments, DrummerNet performs favorably compared to many  recent drum transcription systems, both supervised and unsupervised.
Revised:  In the experiments, DrummerNet performs favorably compared to many other recent drum transcription systems, both supervised and unsupervised.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We also present an efficient algorithm for testing whether a given r-symmetric function is an NCF.
Revised:  We also present an algorithm for testing whether a given r-symmetric function is an NCF.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We project the selected updating direction into a space spanned by the feature vectors from examined documents under the current query (termed the `` document space'' for short), after interleaved test.
Revised:  We project the selected updating direction into a space spanned by the feature vectors from examined documents under the current query (termed the '' document space'' for short), after interleaved test.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We project the selected updating direction into a space spanned by the feature vectors from examined documents under the current query (termed the ''document space'' for short), after interleaved test.
Revised:  We project the selected updating direction into a space spanned by the feature vectors from examined documents under the current query (termed the "document space" for short), after interleaved test.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In particular, we prove that if a small family member is multistationary, then so are all of its larger members .
Revised:  In particular, we prove that if a small family member is multistationary, then so are all subsequent networks in the family .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We present a new surface approximation, the Weighted Quasi Interpolant Spline Approximation ( w-QISA), to approximate very large and noisy point clouds.
Revised: We present a new surface approximation, the Weighted Quasi Interpolant Spline Approximation ( wQISA), specifically designed for large and noisy point clouds.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  For the case when the group \Gamma in questionis finite and abelian , Kobayashi and Toyooka (2017) proposed a randomized, pseudopolynomial-time algorithm via permanent computation.
Revised:  For the case when the group \Gamma in questionis finite and abelian , Kobayashi and Toyooka (2017) proposed a randomized, pseudopolynomial algorithm via permanent computation.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In particular, some cases are solved in strongly polynomial time via the reduction with the aid of a deterministic, polynomial-time algorithm for the weighted linear matroid parity problem due to Iwata and Kobayashi (2017), which generalizes the aforementioned fact that the parity constrained shortest path problem in undirected graphs is solved via weighted matching.
Revised:  In particular, some cases are solved in strongly polynomial time via the reduction with the aid of a deterministic, polynomial algorithm for the weighted linear matroid parity problem due to Iwata and Kobayashi (2017), which generalizes the aforementioned fact that the parity constrained shortest path problem in undirected graphs is solved via weighted matching.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In particular, some cases are solved in strongly polynomial time via the reduction with the aid of a deterministic, polynomial-time algorithm for the weighted linear matroid parity problem due to Iwata and Kobayashi (2017), which generalizes the aforementioned fact that the parity constrained shortest path problem in undirected graphs is solved via weighted matching.
Revised:  In particular, some cases are solved in strongly polynomial time via the reduction with the aid of a deterministic, polynomial-time algorithm for the weighted linear matroid parity problem developed by Iwata and Kobayashi (2017), which generalizes the aforementioned fact that the parity constrained shortest path problem in undirected graphs is solved via weighted matching.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In particular, some cases are solved in strongly polynomial time via the reduction with the aid of a deterministic, polynomial-time algorithm for the weighted linear matroid parity problem due to Iwata and Kobayashi (2017), which generalizes the aforementioned fact that the parity constrained shortest path problem in undirected graphs is solved via weighted matching.
Revised:  In particular, some cases are solved in strongly polynomial time via the reduction with the aid of a deterministic, polynomial-time algorithm for the weighted linear matroid parity problem due to Iwata and Kobayashi (2017), which generalizes a well-known fact that the parity constrained shortest path problem in undirected graphs is solved via weighted matching.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In particular, some cases are solved in strongly polynomial time via the reduction with the aid of a deterministic, polynomial-time algorithm for the weighted linear matroid parity problem due to Iwata and Kobayashi (2017), which generalizes the aforementioned fact that the parity constrained shortest path problem in undirected graphs is solved via weighted matching.
Revised:  In particular, some cases are solved in strongly polynomial time via the reduction with the aid of a deterministic, polynomial-time algorithm for the weighted linear matroid parity problem due to Iwata and Kobayashi (2017), which generalizes the aforementioned fact that the parity-constrained shortest path problem in undirected graphs is solved via weighted matching.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this paper, as the first general solution independently of the group \Gamma , we present a rather simple, deterministic, and strongly polynomial-time algorithm for the shortest non-zero path problem in group-labeled graphs.
Revised:  In this paper, as the first general solution independent of the group \Gamma , we present a rather simple, deterministic, and strongly polynomial-time algorithm for the shortest non-zero path problem in group-labeled graphs.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this paper, as the first general solution independently of the group \Gamma , we present a rather simple, deterministic, and strongly polynomial-time algorithm for the shortest non-zero path problem in group-labeled graphs.
Revised:  In this paper, as the first general solution independently of the group , we present a rather simple, deterministic, and strongly polynomial-time algorithm for the shortest non-zero path problem in group-labeled graphs.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In this paper, as the first general solution independently of the group \Gamma , we present a rather simple, deterministic, and strongly polynomial-time algorithm for the shortest non-zero path problem in group-labeled graphs.
Revised:  In this paper, as the first general solution independently of the group \Gamma , we present a rather simple, deterministic, and strongly polynomial algorithm for the shortest non-zero path problem in group-labeled graphs.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  For the shortest non-zero path problem with respect to finite abelian groups, Kobayashi and Toyooka (2017) proposed a randomized, pseudopolynomial algorithm via permanent computation.
Revised:  For the shortest non-zero path problem with respect to finite abelian groups, Kobayashi and Toyooka (2017) proposed a randomized, pseudopolynomial-time algorithm via permanent computation.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In particular, some cases are solved in strongly polynomial time via the reduction with the aid of a deterministic, polynomial algorithm for the weighted linear matroid parity problem developed by Iwata and Kobayashi (2017), which generalizes a well-known fact that the parity-constrained shortest path problem is solved via weighted matching.
Revised:  In particular, some cases are solved in strongly polynomial time via the reduction with the aid of a deterministic, polynomial-time algorithm for the weighted linear matroid parity problem developed by Iwata and Kobayashi (2017), which generalizes a well-known fact that the parity-constrained shortest path problem is solved via weighted matching.
Edit intent: clarity