wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  Examples are Steiner trees ( minimal-weight trees spanning T) and subsetwise spanners ( subgraphs G'(V',E')such that for given \alpha,\beta%DIFDELCMD < \geq1%%% , d_{G'(u,v)\leq \alpha d_{G}(u,v)+\beta for u,v\in T)}  . Multi-level subsetwise sparsifiers are generalizations in which terminal vertices require different levels or grades of service  .
Revised:  Examples are Steiner trees ( minimal-weight trees spanning T) and subsetwise spanners ( subgraphs G'(V',E')such that for given \alpha,\beta%DIFDELCMD < \geq1%%% (u,v)\leq \alpha d_{G}(u,v)+\beta for u,v\in T)} . Multi-level subsetwise sparsifiers are generalizations in which terminal vertices require different levels or grades of service .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This paper gives a flexible approximation algorithm for several multi-level subsetwise sparsifier problems, including multi-level graph spanners, Steiner trees, and k--connected subgraphs .
Revised:  This paper gives a flexible procedure for computing a broad class of multi-level subsetwise sparsifier problems, including multi-level graph spanners, Steiner trees, and k--connected subgraphs .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This paper gives a flexible approximation algorithm for several multi-level subsetwise sparsifier problems, including multi-level graph spanners, Steiner trees, and k--connected subgraphs .
Revised:  This paper gives a flexible approximation algorithm for several multi-level graph sketches, which encompasses multi-level graph spanners, Steiner trees, and k--connected subgraphs .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This is the first algorithm and corresponding weight guarantee for a multiplicative subsetwise spanner for nonplanar graphs.
Revised:  This is the first algorithm and weight guarantee for a multiplicative subsetwise spanner for nonplanar graphs.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Additionally, we give a polynomial-size ILP for optimally computing pairwise spanners of arbitrary distortion (beyond linear distortion functions), and provide experiments to illustrate the performance of our algorithms.
Revised:  Additionally, we give a polynomial-size ILP for optimally computing pairwise spanners of arbitrary distortion (beyond linear distortion functions), and provide experiments to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We introduce MSO graph storage types, and call a storage type MSO-expressible if it is isomorphic to some MSO graph storage type.
Revised: We introduce MSO graph storage types, and call a storage type MSO- expressible if it is isomorphic to some MSO graph storage type.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: We introduce MSO graph storage types, and call a storage type MSO- expressible if it is isomorphic to some MSO graph storage type.
Revised: We introduce MSO graph storage types, and call a storage type MSO-expressible if it is isomorphic to some MSO graph storage type.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Thus, the biological information contained within a dsDNA molecule, in terms of a linear sequence of nucleotides, has been considered the main target of the evolution.
Revised:  Thus, the biological information contained within a dsDNA molecule, in terms of a linear sequence of nucleotides, has been considered the main target of evolution.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Here we show that these patterns can emerge from the physical peculiarities of the dsDNA molecule itself and the maximum entropy principle alone, rather than from biological or environmental evolutionary pressure.
Revised:  Here we show that symmetries and patterns in the dsDNA sequence can emerge from the physical peculiarities of the dsDNA molecule itself and the maximum entropy principle alone, rather than from biological or environmental evolutionary pressure.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our predictions are valid for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and also inform the interpretation of observed codon biases and context-dependent mutation patterns in human populations  .
Revised:  The randomness justifies the human codon biases and context-dependent mutation patterns in human populations .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we design simple truth discovery methods inspired by\emph{proxy voting , that give higher weight to workerswhose answers are close to those of other workers .
Revised:  In this paper, we design \emph{proxy voting , that give higher weight to workerswhose answers are close to those of other workers .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we design simple truth discovery methods inspired by\emph{proxy voting , that give higher weight to workerswhose answers are close to those of other workers .
Revised:  In this paper, we design simple truth discovery methods inspired by\emph{ , that give higher weight to workerswhose answers are close to those of other workers .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We prove that under standard statistical assumptions, proxy-based truth discovery (\PTD) allows us to estimate the true competence of each worker, whether workers face questions whose answers are real-valued, categorical, or rankings \PTD  . We then demonstrate through  extensive empirical study on synthetic and real data that \PTD is substantially better than unweighted aggregation, and competes well with other truth discovery methods , in all of the above domains.
Revised:  We prove that under standard statistical assumptions, proxy-based truth discovery (\PTD) allows us to estimate the true competence of each worker, whether workers face questions whose answers are real-valued, categorical, or rankings , and\PTD . We then demonstrate through extensive empirical study on synthetic and real data that \PTD is substantially better than unweighted aggregation, and competes well with other truth discovery methods , in all of the above domains.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We prove that under standard statistical assumptions, proxy-based truth discovery (\PTD) allows us to estimate the true competence of each worker, whether workers face questions whose answers are real-valued, categorical, or rankings \PTD  . We then demonstrate through  extensive empirical study on synthetic and real data that \PTD is substantially better than unweighted aggregation, and competes well with other truth discovery methods , in all of the above domains.
Revised:  We prove that under standard statistical assumptions, proxy-based truth discovery (\PTD) allows us to estimate the true competence of each worker, whether workers face questions whose answers are real-valued, categorical, or rankings \PTD . We then demonstrate through an extensive empirical study on synthetic and real data that \PTD is substantially better than unweighted aggregation, and competes well with other truth discovery methods , in all of the above domains.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We prove that under standard statistical assumptions, proxy-based truth discovery (\PTD) allows us to estimate the true competence of each worker, whether workers face questions whose answers are real-valued, categorical, or rankings \PTD  . We then demonstrate through  extensive empirical study on synthetic and real data that \PTD is substantially better than unweighted aggregation, and competes well with other truth discovery methods , in all of the above domains.
Revised:  We prove that under standard statistical assumptions, proxy-based truth discovery (\PTD) allows us to estimate the true competence of each worker, whether workers face questions whose answers are real-valued, categorical, or rankings \PTD . We then demonstrate through extensive empirical study on synthetic and real data that \PTD is substantially better than unweighted aggregation, and competes well with other truth discovery methods in the above domains.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we design a simple heuristic for estimating workers' competence using the average proximity to other voters .
Revised:  In this paper, we suggest a simple heuristic for estimating workers' competence using the average proximity to other voters .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we design a simple heuristic for estimating workers' competence using the average proximity to other voters .
Revised:  In this paper, we design a simple heuristic for estimating workers' competence using average proximity to other voters .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this paper, we design a simple heuristic for estimating workers' competence using the average proximity to other voters .
Revised:  In this paper, we design a simple heuristic for estimating workers' competence using the average proximity to other workers .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We prove that this provides an accurate or approximate estimate of the actual competence level and enables separating good from bad workers in a very broad range of domains and statistical models.
Revised:  We prove that this estimates well the actual competence level and enables separating good from bad workers in a very broad range of domains and statistical models.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We prove that this provides an accurate or approximate estimate of the actual competence level and enables separating good from bad workers in a very broad range of domains and statistical models.
Revised:  We prove that this provides an accurate or approximate estimate of the actual competence level and enables separating high and low quality workers in a very broad range of domains and statistical models.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We prove that this provides an accurate or approximate estimate of the actual competence level and enables separating good from bad workers in a very broad range of domains and statistical models.
Revised:  We prove that this provides an accurate or approximate estimate of the actual competence level and enables separating good from bad workers in a wide spectrum of domains and statistical models.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We then suggest an a simple proximity-based truth discovery algorithm (\PTD) that weighs workers according to their average proximity.
Revised:  We then design a simple proximity-based truth discovery algorithm (\PTD) that weighs workers according to their average proximity.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The answers for questions may be of different forms such as real-valued, categorical, or rankings, and \PTD can be combined with a wide range of aggregation functions and voting rules to improve their accuracy.
Revised:  The answers for questions may be of different forms such as real-valued, categorical, or rankings, and \PTD can be combined with any existing aggregation function or voting rule to improve their accuracy.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We then demonstrate through an extensive empirical study on synthetic and real data that \PTD outperforms other heuristics , and is at par with state-of-the-art truth discovery methods in the above domains.
Revised:  We demonstrate through an extensive empirical study on synthetic and real data that \PTD outperforms other heuristics , and is at par with state-of-the-art truth discovery methods in the above domains.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We then demonstrate through an extensive empirical study on synthetic and real data that \PTD outperforms other heuristics , and is at par with state-of-the-art truth discovery methods in the above domains.
Revised:  We then demonstrate through an extensive empirical study on real and synthetic data that \PTD outperforms other heuristics , and is at par with state-of-the-art truth discovery methods in the above domains.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Here we use fully-implicit methods for both dynamic and quasi-static poromechanical problems, aided by a block-preconditioned Newton--Krylov solver.
Revised:  Here we use fully-implicit methods for both dynamic and quasi-static poromechanical problems, aided by a block-preconditioned Newton-Krylov solver.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Customers arrive to the system according to a stochastic process and upon arrival decide to purchase or not the service depending on their willingness to pay and the current price.
Revised:  Customers arrive to the system according to a stochastic process and upon arrival decide whether or not to purchase the service, depending on their willingness to pay and the current price.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Customers arrive to the system according to a stochastic process and upon arrival decide to purchase or not the service depending on their willingness to pay and the current price.
Revised:  Customers arrive to the system according to a stochastic process and upon arrival decide to purchase or not the service depending on their willingness-to-pay and the current price.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Under Poisson arrivals, exponential service times, and standard assumptions on the willingness to pay distribution, we establish  series of results that characterize the performance of static pricing in such environments.
Revised:  Under Poisson arrivals, exponential service times, and standard assumptions on the willingness-to-pay distribution, we establish series of results that characterize the performance of static pricing in such environments.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Under Poisson arrivals, exponential service times, and standard assumptions on the willingness to pay distribution, we establish  series of results that characterize the performance of static pricing in such environments.
Revised:  Under Poisson arrivals, exponential service times, and standard assumptions on the willingness to pay distribution, we establish a series of results that characterize the performance of static pricing in such environments.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Notably  this result holds for any service rate and number of units the firm operates.
Revised:  Notably , this result holds for any service rate and number of units the firm operates.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In the special case where there are two units and the induced demand demand is linear, we also prove that the static policy guarantees 95.5\% of the profit from the optimal policy.
Revised:  In the special case where there are two units and the induced demand is linear, we also prove that the static policy guarantees 95.5\% of the profit from the optimal policy.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  As a language for formal specification we use a suitably extended version of Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL), where one can specify properties of the type "a coalition of (at least) n controllable agents can ensure against (at most) m uncontrollable agents that any possible evolution of the system satisfies a given objective \gamma ", where \gamma is specified again as a formula of that language and each of n and m is either a fixed number or a variable that can be quantified over.
Revised:  As a language for formal specification we use a suitably extended version of Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL), where one can specify properties of the type "a coalition of (at least) n controllable agents can ensure against (at most) m uncontrollable agents that any possible evolution of the system satisfies a given objective \varphi ", where \gamma is specified again as a formula of that language and each of n and m is either a fixed number or a variable that can be quantified over.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  As a language for formal specification we use a suitably extended version of Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL), where one can specify properties of the type "a coalition of (at least) n controllable agents can ensure against (at most) m uncontrollable agents that any possible evolution of the system satisfies a given objective \gamma ", where \gamma is specified again as a formula of that language and each of n and m is either a fixed number or a variable that can be quantified over.
Revised:  As a language for formal specification we use a suitably extended version of Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL), where one can specify properties of the type "a coalition of (at least) n controllable agents can ensure against (at most) m uncontrollable agents that any possible evolution of the system satisfies a given objective \gamma ", where \varphi is specified again as a formula of that language and each of n and m is either a fixed number or a variable that can be quantified over.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Understanding the way in which human opinion changes along time and space constitutes one of the great challenges in complex systems research.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Among the several approaches that have been attempted at studying this problem , the Sznajd model provides some particularly interesting features, such as its simplicity and ability to represent some of the mechanisms believed to be involved in opinion dynamics.
Revised:  Among the several approaches that have been attempted at studying opinion dynamics , the Sznajd model provides some particularly interesting features, such as its simplicity and ability to represent some of the mechanisms believed to be involved in opinion dynamics.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Also , depending on the parameters configuration, the dynamics may converge to different equilibrium states for the same parameter setting .
Revised:  Additionally , depending on the parameters configuration, the dynamics may converge to different equilibrium states for the same parameter setting .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Network defense techniques based on traditional tools, techniques, and procedures fail to account for the attacker's inherent advantage present due to the static nature of network services and configurations.
Revised: Network defenses based on traditional tools, techniques, and procedures fail to account for the attacker's inherent advantage present due to the static nature of network services and configurations.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   Moving Target Defense (MTD) , on the other hand, provides an intelligent countermeasure by dynamically re-configuring the underlying systems, thereby reducing the effectiveness of cyber attacks .
Revised:  Moving Target Defense (MTD) continuously shifts the configuration of the underlying system, in turn reducing the success rate of cyberattacks .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We then categorize these defenses into different sub-classes depending on how they answer the three questions -- what to move, when to move and how to move-- showcasing how game-theoretic strategies can effectively answer the latter question .
Revised:  We first categorize these defenses into different sub-classes depending on how they answer the three questions -- what to move, when to move and how to move-- showcasing how game-theoretic strategies can effectively answer the latter question .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We then categorize these defenses into different sub-classes depending on how they answer the three questions -- what to move, when to move and how to move-- showcasing how game-theoretic strategies can effectively answer the latter question .
Revised:  We then categorize these defenses into different sub-classes depending on what they move, when to move and how to move-- showcasing how game-theoretic strategies can effectively answer the latter question .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We then categorize these defenses into different sub-classes depending on how they answer the three questions -- what to move, when to move and how to move-- showcasing how game-theoretic strategies can effectively answer the latter question .
Revised:  We then categorize these defenses into different sub-classes depending on how they answer the three questions -- what to move, when they move and how to move-- showcasing how game-theoretic strategies can effectively answer the latter question .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We then categorize these defenses into different sub-classes depending on how they answer the three questions -- what to move, when to move and how to move-- showcasing how game-theoretic strategies can effectively answer the latter question .
Revised:  We then categorize these defenses into different sub-classes depending on how they answer the three questions -- what to move, when to move and how they move. In trying to answer the latter question .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We find that new networking technologies such as Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization provide effective means for implementing these dynamic defense methods.
Revised:  We find that new networking technologies such as Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization act as key enablers for implementing these dynamic defense methods.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our survey then performs both a qualitative and quantitative analysis to better understand the effectiveness of these MTDs in terms of security and performance.
Revised:  Our survey then performs both a qualitative and quantitative metrics they utilize to evaluate their effectiveness in terms of security and performance.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To that extent, we use well-defined metrics for measuring performance costs and security impacts of the surveyed MTDs . Finally, we conclude by summarizing research opportunities that our survey elucidates .
Revised:  We use well-defined metrics for measuring performance costs and security impacts of the surveyed MTDs . Finally, we conclude by summarizing research opportunities that our survey elucidates .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We employ an AREPO-type approach, which rapidly rebuilds a new high quality mesh exploiting the previous one, butrearranging the element shapes and neighbors in order to guarantee that the mesh evolution is robust even for vortex flows and for very long computational times.
Revised:  We employ an AREPO-type approach, which rapidly rebuilds a new high quality mesh rearranging the element shapes and neighbors in order to guarantee that the mesh evolution is robust even for vortex flows and for very long computational times.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We employ an AREPO-type approach, which rapidly rebuilds a new high quality mesh exploiting the previous one, butrearranging the element shapes and neighbors in order to guarantee that the mesh evolution is robust even for vortex flows and for very long computational times.
Revised:  We employ an AREPO-type approach, which rapidly rebuilds a new high quality mesh exploiting the previous one, but the element shapes and neighbors in order to guarantee that the mesh evolution is robust even for vortex flows and for very long computational times.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We employ an AREPO-type approach, which rapidly rebuilds a new high quality mesh exploiting the previous one, butrearranging the element shapes and neighbors in order to guarantee that the mesh evolution is robust even for vortex flows and for very long computational times.
Revised:  We employ an AREPO-type approach, which rapidly rebuilds a new high quality mesh exploiting the previous one, butrearranging rearranging the element shapes and neighbors in order to guarantee that the mesh evolution is robust even for vortex flows and for very long computational times.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We employ an AREPO-type approach, which rapidly rebuilds a new high quality mesh exploiting the previous one, butrearranging the element shapes and neighbors in order to guarantee that the mesh evolution is robust even for vortex flows and for very long computational times.
Revised:  We employ an AREPO-type approach, which rapidly rebuilds a new high quality mesh exploiting the previous one, butrearranging the element shapes and neighbors in order to guarantee a robust mesh evolution even for vortex flows and for very long computational times.
Edit intent: clarity