wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original: He was famous for his landmark verdicts , his literary contributions , he was a thinker, poet and authored books , his book “ Fikri Irtiqa Aur Islam ” in Urdu received acclaim at National Level.
Revised: He was famous for his landmark verdicts , his literary contributions , he was a thinker, poet and authored books , his book “ Fikri Irtiqa Aur Islam in Urdu received acclaim at National Level.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  His book Fikri Irtiqa Aur Islam in Urdu received acclaim at National Level.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: He was appointed Judge of NIRC – National Industrial Relations Commission  , Islamabad before his Oath Taking as Judge High Court Sindh - Balochistan on 15 October 1974.
Revised: He was appointed Judge of National Industrial Relations Commission , Islamabad before his Oath Taking as Judge High Court Sindh - Balochistan on 15 October 1974.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: He was appointed Judge of NIRC – National Industrial Relations Commission  , Islamabad before his Oath Taking as Judge High Court Sindh - Balochistan on 15 October 1974.
Revised: He was appointed Judge of NIRC – National Industrial Relations Commission (NIRC) , Islamabad before his Oath Taking as Judge High Court Sindh - Balochistan on 15 October 1974.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The better-known Battle of Talas in AD 751 was fought in the same area.
Revised:  The Battle of Talas in AD 751 was fought in the same area.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Later he quarrelled with the Kangju, killed several hundred of them and forced them to build him a fortress.
Revised:  Later he quarreled with the Kangju, killed several hundred of them and forced them to build him a fortress.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  An army of 40,000 Han and Hu troops (''Hu ' here is apparently a loose term for non-Chinese) assembled.
Revised:  An army of 40,000 Han and Hu troops (''Hu " here is a loose term for non-Chinese) assembled.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: R. Zhou et al.: "Testing the Hypothesis of an Ancient Roman Soldier Origin of the Liqian People in Northwest China: a Y-Chromosome Perspective", Journal of Human Genetics, Vol. 52, No. 7 (2007), pp. 584–91 However, this hypothesis has been supported by prominent scholars like Lev Gumilev.L.N. Gumilev and A.I.Kurkchi - "Черная легенда" (историко-психологический этюд).
Revised: R. Zhou et al.: "Testing the Hypothesis of an Ancient Roman Soldier Origin of the Liqian People in Northwest China: a Y-Chromosome Perspective", Journal of Human Genetics, Vol. 52, No. 7 (2007), pp. 584–91 However, this hypothesis has been supported by Lev Gumilev.L.N. Gumilev and A.I.Kurkchi - "Черная легенда" (историко-психологический этюд).
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Indeed a few decades earlier, the Han fought the Greco-Chinese War with the Greco-Bactrian kingdom of Dayuan.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: A new hypothesis (Greek Hoplites in an Ancient Chinese Siege, Journal of Asian History) from 2011 by Dr Christopher Anthony Matthew from the Australian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University - Dr Christopher Anthony Matthew suggests that these strange warriors were not Roman legionaries, but possibly descendants of Alexander the Great ’s army .
Revised: A new hypothesis (Greek Hoplites in an Ancient Chinese Siege, Journal of Asian History) from 2011 by Dr Christopher Anthony Matthew from the Australian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University - Dr Christopher Anthony Matthew suggests that these strange warriors were not Roman legionaries, but possibly descendants of Alexander the Great 's Empire .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Later he quarreled with the Kangju, killed several hundred of them and forced them to build him a fortress.
Revised:  Later he quarrelled with the Kangju, killed several hundred of them and forced them to build him a fortress.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  His deputy commander, Chen Tang claimed that Zhizhi was planning to build up a great empire and proposed a preemptive attack.
Revised:  His deputy commander, Chen Tang claimed that Zhizhi was planning to build up a great empire and proposed a pre-emptive attack.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  1,518 Xiongnu died, including the crown prince and Zhizhi's wives.
Revised:  1,518 Xiongnu died, including Zhizhi and Zhizhi's wives.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Hypothetical Sino-Roman contact A hypothesis by the sinologist Homer H. Dubs, according to which Roman legionaries clashed with Han troops during the battle and were resettled afterwards in a Chinese village named Liqian,Homer H. Dubs:
Revised:  Hypothetical Sino-Roman contact A hypothesis by the Sinologist Homer H. Dubs, according to which Roman legionaries clashed with Han troops during the battle and were resettled afterwards in a Chinese village named Liqian,Homer H. Dubs:
Edit intent: fluency
Original: A new hypothesis (Greek Hoplites in an Ancient Chinese Siege, Journal of Asian History) from 2011 by Dr Christopher Anthony Matthew from the Australian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University - Dr Christopher Anthony Matthew suggests that these strange warriors were not Roman legionaries, but Hoplites from the Kingdom of Fergana also known as Alexandria Exchate or Dayaun which was one of the successor states of Alexander the Great's Empire.
Revised: A new hypothesis (Greek Hoplites in an Ancient Chinese Siege, Journal of Asian History) from 2011 by Dr Christopher Anthony Matthew from the Australian Catholic University suggests that these strange warriors were not Roman legionaries, but Hoplites from the Kingdom of Fergana also known as Alexandria Exchate or Dayaun which was one of the successor states of Alexander the Great's Empire.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The Battle of Talas in CE 751  was fought in the same area.
Revised:  The Battle of Talas in 751 was fought in the same area.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The Battle of Talas in CE 751  was fought in the same area.
Revised:  The Battle of Talas in CE 751 CE was fought in the same area.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  About 44 BCE he made a close alliance with  Kangju near Lake Balkhash.
Revised:  About 44 BCE he made a close alliance with the Kangju near Lake Balkhash.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: 350 px||The royal blue tang is only caught in the wild and need to protect the coral reef Aquarium fishery is the process of fishing wild fish for sale to private and public aquariums.
Revised: 350 px||The royal blue tang is only caught in the wild and protects the coral reef Aquarium fishery is the process of fishing wild fish for sale to private and public aquariums.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Unnecessary animal mortality Collection of unwanted and/or unsuitable species Potential for stock depletion Ecosystem effect of live coral and live rock exports Potential for alien species introduction Lack of reliable data on the resources and the trade Limited government capacity for reef management and enforcement Potential for government trade restrictions The stake holders were unable to regulate the industry and MAC ceased to function in 2008 due to internal disagreements .
Revised: Unnecessary animal mortality Collection of unwanted and/or unsuitable species Potential for stock depletion Ecosystem effect of live coral and live rock exports Potential for alien species introduction Lack of reliable data on the resources and the trade Limited government capacity for reef management and enforcement Potential for government trade restrictions The stake holders were unable to regulate the industry and MAC ceased to function in 2008 due to internal disagreements in 2008.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Books Why is Landscape Beautiful?: The Science of Strollology External links Spaziergangswissenschaft Spaziergangswissenschaft in Fortbewegung Strollogy Berlin Walkscapes, strollology, and the politics of promenade Category:Urban studies and planning Category:Landscape architecture Category:Walking Category:Hiki
Revised:  Books Why is Landscape Beautiful?: The Science of Strollology External links Spaziergangswissenschaft Spaziergangswissenschaft in Fortbewegung Strollology Berlin Walkscapes, strollology, and the politics of promenade Category:Urban studies and planning Category:Landscape architecture Category:Walking Category:Hiki
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Strollogy or Promenadology is the science of strolling ().
Revised: Strollology or Promenadology is the science of strolling ().
Edit intent: fluency
Original: K. P. Haridas is an Indian surgeon , specializing in minimally invasive surgeries  and the founder  Chairman of Lords Hospital, a super specialty healthcare centrelocated in Thiruvananthapuram.
Revised: K. P. Haridas is an Indian surgeon specializing in minimally invasive surgeries and the founder Chairman of Lords Hospital, a super specialty healthcare centrelocated in Thiruvananthapuram.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: K. P. Haridas is an Indian surgeon , specializing in minimally invasive surgeries  and the founder  Chairman of Lords Hospital, a super specialty healthcare centrelocated in Thiruvananthapuram.
Revised: K. P. Haridas is an Indian surgeon , specializing in minimally invasive surgeries , and the founder Chairman of Lords Hospital, a super specialty healthcare centrelocated in Thiruvananthapuram.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: K. P. Haridas is an Indian surgeon , specializing in minimally invasive surgeries  and the founder  Chairman of Lords Hospital, a super specialty healthcare centrelocated in Thiruvananthapuram.
Revised: K. P. Haridas is an Indian surgeon , specializing in minimally invasive surgeries and the founder of Chairman of Lords Hospital, a super specialty healthcare centrelocated in Thiruvananthapuram.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: K. P. Haridas is an Indian surgeon , specializing in minimally invasive surgeries  and the founder  Chairman of Lords Hospital, a super specialty healthcare centrelocated in Thiruvananthapuram.
Revised: K. P. Haridas is an Indian surgeon , specializing in minimally invasive surgeries and the founder Chairman of Lords Hospital, a super-specialty healthcare centre. in Thiruvananthapuram.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He is credited with the performance of the first successful liver resection  at the Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram.
Revised:  He is credited with the first successful liver resection at the Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He is credited with the performance of the first successful liver resection  at the Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram.
Revised:  He is credited with the performance of the first successful liver resection , which he performed at the Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He is a recipient of  Lifetime Achievement Award from the British South India Council of Commerce (2014) and  Dr. Balsalam Memorial Award.
Revised:  He is a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award from the British South India Council of Commerce (2014) and Dr. Balsalam Memorial Award.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He is a recipient of  Lifetime Achievement Award from the British South India Council of Commerce (2014) and  Dr. Balsalam Memorial Award.
Revised:  He is a recipient of Lifetime Achievement Award from the British South India Council of Commerce (2014) and the Dr. Balsalam Memorial Award.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He was honoured by the Government of India in 2015 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.
Revised:  He was honoured by the Government of India in 2015 with Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian Indian award.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In the post-war years many Russian-Germans were resettled here after being deported under  Joseph Stalin rule.
Revised:  In the post-war years many Russian-Germans were resettled here after being deported under the leadership of Joseph Stalin rule.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In the post-war years many Russian-Germans were resettled here after being deported under the leadership of Joseph Stalin rule .
Revised:  In the post-war years many Russian-Germans were resettled here after being deported under the leadership of Joseph Stalin .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  After the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to Akmola on the 10 December 1997, the city was renamed as "Astana" in 1998.
Revised:  After the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to Akmola on the 10 December 1997, the city was renamed "Astana" in 1998.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  After the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to Akmola on the 10 December 1997, the city was renamed "Astana " in 1998.
Revised:  After the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to Akmola on the 10 December 1997, the city was renamed Astana in 1998.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  She has been a choir pianist since she was 16 years old   .
Revised:  She has been a choir pianist since she was 16 years old . .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Maria Harfanti (born 20 January 1992) is an Indonesian TV Host, social activist, pianist and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss Indonesia 2015.
Revised: Maria Harfanti (born 20 January 1992) is an Indonesian TV Host, social activist, pianist and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss Indonesia URL
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  This statement stirred controversy, with lawyer Wesley J. Smith, a senior fellow at the Discovery Institute's Center on Human Exceptionalism (which advocates the pseudoscientific principle of intelligent design) saying that the statement was "utter nonsense…
Revised:  This statement stirred controversy, with lawyer Wesley J. Smith, a senior fellow at the Discovery Institute's Center on Human Exceptionalism saying that the statement was "utter nonsense…
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Atheist men are alienating the people we want to work with us on the very same problems …
Revised:  Atheist men are alienating the people we want to work with us on the very same problems ...
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  [ … ] What we need is a truly anti-Darwinian society--anti-Darwinian in the sense that we do not wish to live in a society where …
Revised:  [ ... ] What we need is a truly anti-Darwinian society--anti-Darwinian in the sense that we do not wish to live in a society where …
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  [ … ] What we need is a truly anti-Darwinian society--anti-Darwinian in the sense that we do not wish to live in a society where …
Revised:  [ … ] What we need is a truly anti-Darwinian society—anti-Darwinian in the sense that we do not wish to live in a society where …
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  [ … ] What we need is a truly anti-Darwinian society--anti-Darwinian in the sense that we do not wish to live in a society where …
Revised:  [ … ] What we need is a truly anti-Darwinian society--anti-Darwinian in the sense that we do not wish to live in a society where ...
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  the strongest suppress the weak …
Revised:  the strongest suppress the weak ...
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  What on earth is a university for if it only reinforces opinions that students and the public already hold?" Dawkins has argued against campaigns by far-left groups on university campuses to have speeches by internationally renown figures cancelled.
Revised:  What on earth is a university for if it only reinforces opinions that students and the public already hold?" Dawkins has argued against campaigns by far-left groups on university campuses to have speeches by internationally renowned figures cancelled.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Israeli–Palestinian conflict Dawkins has stated that he is "on the fence" about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and has embraced stated on Twitter that "It is reasonable to both deplore both the original foundation of the Jewish State of Israel & aspirations now to destroy it." Dawkins said that "can you explain why Palestinian Arabs should be the ones to pay for Hitler's crimes?
Revised: Israeli–Palestinian conflict Dawkins has stated that he is "on the fence" about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and has stated on Twitter that "It is reasonable to both deplore both the original foundation of the Jewish State of Israel & aspirations now to destroy it." Dawkins said that "can you explain why Palestinian Arabs should be the ones to pay for Hitler's crimes?
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Making the switch from road to mountain biking, Schoeman successfully completed the 2015 Absa Cape Epic mountain bike stage race with former Springbok Rugby player Joel Stransky in team LiquiFruit.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  New York City is home to a system of yyyyyyabout 750 community gardens that have sprouted since the mid-1970s on vacant city-owned lots in low-to-moderate income neighbourhoods.
Revised:  New York City is home to a system of about 750 community gardens that have sprouted since the mid-1970s on vacant city-owned lots in low-to-moderate income neighbourhoods.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Due to this aspect of ‘Nature in the City’ being so effective, the government agencies involved have drew up plans to further implement Community Gardens, i.e. to create more of them and help them to become permanent.
Revised:  Due to this aspect of ‘Nature in the City’ being so effective, the government agencies involved have drawn up plans to further implement Community Gardens, i.e. to create more of them and help them to become permanent.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Getting locals to participate in festive activities, such as planting flowers and picking their own flower arrangements or to buy a bird (love) nest box, found in the park in the name of their loved ones for Valentines Day.
Revised:  Getting locals to participate in festive activities, such as planting flowers and picking their own flower arrangements or to buy a bird (love) nest box, found in the park in the name of their loved ones for Valentine's Day.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  For example, a four-point Likert item with categories "Poor", "Average", "Good", and "Very Good" is unlikely to have all equidistant categories since there is only one category that can receive a below average rating.
Revised:  For example, a four-point Likert item with categories "Poor", "Average", "Good", and "Very Good" is unlikely to have all equidistant categories since there is only one category that can receive a below-average rating.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Norman, Geoff (2010) Consensus based assessment (CBA) can be used to create an objective standard for Likert scales in domains where no generally accepted or objective standard exists.
Revised:  Consensus based assessment (CBA) can be used to create an objective standard for Likert scales in domains where no generally accepted or objective standard exists.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Norman, Geoff (2010) Consensus based assessment (CBA) can be used to create an objective standard for Likert scales in domains where no generally accepted or objective standard exists.
Revised:  Norman, Geoff (2010) Consensus-based assessment (CBA) can be used to create an objective standard for Likert scales in domains where no generally accepted or objective standard exists.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Consensus based assessment (CBA) can be used to refine or even validate generally accepted standards.
Revised:  Consensus-based assessment (CBA) can be used to refine or even validate generally accepted standards.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The second paper describes the use of the likert function in the HH package for R, and gives many examples of its use.
Revised:  The second paper describes the use of the Likert function in the HH package for R, and gives many examples of its use.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  A 1987 study found negligible differences between the use of "undecided" and "neutral" as the middle option in a 5-point Likert scale.
Revised:  A 1987 study found negligible differences between the use of "undecided" and "neutral" as the middle option in a five-point Likert scale.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Notions of central tendency are often applicable at the item level - that is responses often show a quasi-normal distribution.
Revised:  Notions of central tendency are often applicable at the item level – that is responses often show a quasi-normal distribution.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  If interval nature is assumed for a comparison of two groups, the paired samples t-test is not inappropriate.
Revised:  If interval nature is assumed for a comparison of two groups, the paired samples -test is not inappropriate.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Typical cutoffs for thinking that this approximation will be acceptable is a minimum of 4 and preferably 8 items in the sum.
Revised:  Typical cutoffs for thinking that this approximation will be acceptable is a minimum of four and preferably eight items in the sum.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  For example, in a set of items A, B, C rated with a Likert scale circular relations like A > B, B > C and C > A can appear.
Revised:  For example, in a set of items , , rated with a Likert scale circular relations like A > B, B > C and C > A can appear.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  For example, in a set of items A, B, C rated with a Likert scale circular relations like A > B, B > C and C > A can appear.
Revised:  For example, in a set of items A, B, C rated with a Likert scale circular relations like > B, B > C and C > A can appear.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  For example, in a set of items A, B, C rated with a Likert scale circular relations like A > B, B > C and C > A can appear.
Revised:  For example, in a set of items A, B, C rated with a Likert scale circular relations like A > , > C and C > A can appear.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  For example, in a set of items A, B, C rated with a Likert scale circular relations like A > B, B > C and C > A can appear.
Revised:  For example, in a set of items A, B, C rated with a Likert scale circular relations like A > B, B > and > A can appear.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  For example, in a set of items A, B, C rated with a Likert scale circular relations like A > B, B > C and C > A can appear.
Revised:  For example, in a set of items A, B, C rated with a Likert scale circular relations like A > B, B > C and C > can appear.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Others hold to a standard by which "All items are assumed to be replications of each other or in other words items are considered to be parallel instruments" (p. 197).
Revised:  Others hold to a standard by which "All items are assumed to be replications of each other or in other words items are considered to be parallel instruments" .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Sometimes an even-point scale is used, where the middle option of " Neither agree nor disagree" is not available.
Revised:  Sometimes an even-point scale is used, where the middle option of " neither agree nor disagree" is not available.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: The five response categories are often believed to represent an Interval level of measurement.
Revised: The five response categories are often believed to represent an interval level of measurement.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It is the most widely used approach to scaling responses in survey research, such that the term (or more accurately the Likert-type scale) is often used interchangeably with rating scale, although there are other types of rating scales.
Revised:  It is the most widely used approach to scaling responses in survey research, such that the term (or more fully the Likert-type scale) is often used interchangeably with rating scale, although there are other types of rating scales.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Likert scales typically range from 2 to 10 – with 3 or 5  being the most common.
Revised:  Likert scales typically range from 2 to 10 – with 3 , 5 being the most common.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: A Likert scale ( but commonly mispronounced ) is a psychometric scale commonly involved in research that employs questionnaires.
Revised: A Likert scale ( or ) is a psychometric scale commonly involved in research that employs questionnaires.
Edit intent: coherence