wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  2018 January 28  A presidential election was held
Revised:  2018 28 A presidential election was held
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  2014 9 June Vladimir Putin said Finland could join NATO but Russia would have to URL 24 July Two Finnish women were killed working in Herat, Afghanistan.
Revised:  2014 9 June Vladimir Putin said Finland could join NATO but Russia would have to react. 24 July Two Finnish women were killed working in Herat, Afghanistan.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  ), a Mongolian people numbering approximately 500,000, comprise one of the two largest indigenous groups in Siberia, the other being the Yakuts.
Revised:  ), a Mongolic people numbering approximately 500,000, comprise one of the two largest indigenous groups in Siberia, the other being the Yakuts.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   There are three divisions within the spirit world: the tengeri, the bōxoldoy, and lower spirits.
Revised:  </ref> There are three divisions within the spirit world: the tengeri, the bōxoldoy, and lower spirits.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  ), a Mongolic people numbering approximately 500,000, comprise one of the two largest indigenous groups in Siberia, the other being the Yakuts.
Revised:  ), a Mongolian people numbering approximately 500,000, comprise one of the two largest indigenous groups in Siberia, the other being the Yakuts.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Attempts to revive the Buddhist cult started during World War II, and it was officially re-established in 1946.
Revised:  Attempts to revive the Buddhism started during World War II, and it was officially re-established in 1946.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Attempts to revive the Buddhism started during World War II, and it was officially re-established in 1946.
Revised:  Attempts to revive Buddhism started during World War II, and it was officially re-established in 1946.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   Other religions A small minority of Buryats are converts to Christianity.
Revised:  Similarly, Buddhism has seen a revival among the Buryats. Construction of monasteries, training of monks, and the increasing piety of the Buryats has seen growth. Other religions A small minority of Buryats are converts to Christianity.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Arachnids Many arachnids show ritualized displays.
Revised: This auditory courtship behavior is also seen in fruit flies like A. suspensa when they perform calling and pre-copulatory songs before mating. Both of these sounds are created by rapid flapping of the males wings. Arachnids Many arachnids show ritualized displays.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Among humans Humans typically advertise their suitability as mates in acquiring wealth or fame.
Revised: Among humans Humans typically advertise their suitability as mates by signalling their status in the social hierarchy, often by acquiring wealth or fame.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Among humans Human men typically advertise their suitability as mates by signalling their status in the social hierarchy, often by acquiring wealth or fame.
Revised: In humans Human men typically advertise their suitability as mates by signalling their status in the social hierarchy, often by acquiring wealth or fame.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The Papuan big men would stage elaborate feasts to show the extent of their influence and power.
Revised:  The Papuan big men staged elaborate feasts to show the extent of their influence and power.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The Papuan big men  staged elaborate feasts to show the extent of their influence and power.
Revised:  The Papuan big men of New Guinea staged elaborate feasts to show the extent of their influence and power.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  For example, the  family Salticidae consists of jumping spiders with keen vision which results in very clear display behaviours for courting in particular.
Revised:  For example, the arachnid family Salticidae consists of jumping spiders with keen vision which results in very clear display behaviours for courting in particular.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Another example is that of the lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii, which raises on its legs and raises and coils its tail to show colored patches to defend its territory from intruders.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  When it became clear that this would not happen, Payipwat, Cree leaders Cowessess and Foremost Man, and the Assiniboine Nation all requested reserves in the Cypress Hills.
Revised:  When it became clear that this would not happen, Payipwat, Cree leaders Cowessess and Foremost Man, and the Assiniboine First Nations all requested reserves in the Cypress Hills.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Piapot in studio pose circa 1885 – Saskatchewan Archives Piapot (or Payipwât, Payipwat, Hole in the Sioux , Kisikawasan, Flash in the Sky) ( –April 1908) was a Plains Cree Native Canadian chief  .
Revised: Piapot in studio pose circa 1885 – Saskatchewan Archives Piapot , Payipwât, Payipwat, Hole in the Sioux , Kisikawasan, Flash in the Sky) ( –April 1908) was a Plains Cree Native Canadian chief .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Piapot in studio pose circa 1885 – Saskatchewan Archives Piapot (or Payipwât, Payipwat, Hole in the Sioux , Kisikawasan, Flash in the Sky) ( –April 1908) was a Plains Cree Native Canadian chief  .
Revised: Piapot in studio pose circa 1885 – Saskatchewan Archives Piapot (or Payipwât, or Payipwat ( Hole in the Sioux , Kisikawasan, Flash in the Sky) ( –April 1908) was a Plains Cree Native Canadian chief .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Most likely born near what is now the border of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Payipwat was originally a Cree named Kisikawasan, or Flash in the Sky.
Revised: Most likely born near what is now the border of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Payipwat was originally named Kisikawasan, or Flash in the Sky.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Adaviye Efendieva (;
Revised: Adaviye Efendiyeva (;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Biography Adavia Efendieva was born in the Crimean city of Yevpatoria in 1879, back when it was part of the Russian Empire.
Revised:  Biography Adavia Efendiyeva was born in the Crimean city of Yevpatoria in 1879, back when it was part of the Russian Empire.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Shortly after the Red Army retook control of Crimea in 1944 most ethnic Tatars including Efendieva were deported to the Uzbek SSR;
Revised:  Shortly after the Red Army retook control of Crimea in 1944 most ethnic Tatars including Efendiyeva were deported to the Uzbek SSR;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  in the harsh conditions of exile she passed away soon after arrival in Samarkand.
Revised:  in the harsh conditions of exile she died soon after arrival in Samarkand.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Regina Hesse was born in Christiansborg, Accra in 1832 to a Euro-African merchant, Herman Hesse and a Ga woman, Charlotte Lamiaakaa , who hailed from a trading family at Shai Hills.
Revised: Regina Hesse was born in Christiansborg, Accra in 1832 to a Euro-African merchant, Herman Hesse and a Ga woman, Charlotte Lamiorkai , who hailed from a trading family at Shai Hills.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Personal life 213x213px| Hermann Ludwig Rottmann 213x213px| Regina Hesse, seated second from left, with her husband, Hermann Ludwig Rottmann, standing behind her, Christiansborg, c. 1860 In 1857, Regina Hesse married German native, Hermann Ludwig Rottmann, the first Basel missionary-trader in Christiansborg and the founder of the Basel Mission Trading Company, first entered in the Commercial Register of Basel in 1859, under its German name, "Missions-Handlungs-Gesellschaft Basel".
Revised: Personal life 213x213px| Regina Hesse, seated second from left, with her husband, Hermann Ludwig Rottmann, standing behind her, Christiansborg, c. 1860 In 1857, Regina Hesse married German native, Hermann Ludwig Rottmann, the first Basel missionary-trader in Christiansborg and the founder of the Basel Mission Trading Company, first entered in the Commercial Register of Basel in 1859, under its German name, "Missions-Handlungs-Gesellschaft Basel".
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Personal life 213x213px|Regina Hesse, seated second from left, with her husband, Hermann Ludwig Rottmann, standing behind her, Christiansborg, c. 1860 In 1857, Regina Hesse married German native, Hermann Ludwig Rottmann, the first Basel missionary-trader in Christiansborg and the founder of the Basel Mission Trading Company, first entered in the Commercial Register of Basel in 1859, under its German name, "Missions-Handlungs-Gesellschaft Basel".
Revised: Personal life In 1857, Regina Hesse married German native, Hermann Ludwig Rottmann, the first Basel missionary-trader in Christiansborg and the founder of the Basel Mission Trading Company, first entered in the Commercial Register of Basel in 1859, under its German name, "Missions-Handlungs-Gesellschaft Basel".
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  She has been at George Mason University since 2000 and has served as a chair of the Department of Religious Studies.
Revised:  She has been at George Mason University since 2000 and has served as the chair of the Department of Religious Studies.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Before joining the George Mason University, Maria taught at the College of New Jersey as an adjunct professor and Princeton University as a preceptor.
Revised:  Before joining George Mason University, Maria taught at the College of New Jersey as an adjunct professor and Princeton University as a preceptor.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Maria Massi Dakake is an American scholar of Islamic intellectual history and associate professor of Religious Studies at George Mason University.
Revised: Maria Massi Dakake is an American scholar of Islamic studies and associate professor of Religious Studies at George Mason University.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   Her research mainly focuses on Islamic intellectual history, Quranic studies, Shi`ite and Sufi traditions, and women's spirituality and religious experience.
Revised:  ref> </ref> Her research mainly focuses on Islamic intellectual history, Quranic studies, Shi`ite and Sufi traditions, and women's spirituality and religious experience.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Maria Massi Dakake is an American scholar of Islamic studies and associate professor of Religious Studies at George Mason University. ref> </ref> Her research mainly focuses on Islamic intellectual history, Quranic studies, Shi`ite and Sufi traditions, and women's spirituality and religious experience.
Revised: Maria Massi Dakake is an American scholar of Islamic studies and associate professor of Religious Studies at George Mason University. Her research mainly focuses on Islamic intellectual history, Quranic studies, Shi`ite and Sufi traditions, and women's spirituality and religious experience.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Ecological units, comprise concepts such as population, community, and  ecosystem as the basic unit, which are at the basis of ecological theory and research.
Revised: Ecological units, comprise concepts such as population, community, and - in particular - the ecosystem as the basic unit, which are at the basis of ecological theory and research.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Two common traits can be identified across cultures: the unit is often defined in terms of a natural border (maritime boundary, watersheds, etc.) abiotic components and organisms within the unit are considered to be interlinked
Revised:  Two common traits can be identified across cultures: The unit is often defined in terms of a natural border (maritime boundary, watersheds, etc.) abiotic components and organisms within the unit are considered to be interlinked
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Two common traits can be identified across cultures: the unit is often defined in terms of a natural border (maritime boundary, watersheds, etc.) abiotic components and organisms within the unit are considered to be interlinked
Revised:  Two common traits can be identified across cultures: the unit is often defined in terms of a natural border (maritime boundary, watersheds, etc.) abiotic Components and organisms within the unit are considered to be interlinked
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Two common traits can be identified across cultures: The unit is often defined in terms of a natural border (maritime boundary, watersheds, etc.) abiotic Components and organisms within the unit are considered to be interlinked
Revised:  Two common traits can be identified across cultures: The unit is often defined in terms of a natural border (maritime boundary, watersheds, etc.) Abiotic components and organisms within the unit are considered to be interlinked
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He identified a substantial Greek element that was shared by the Romani dialects, and thus named a "Greek-speaking area" as the "European homeland of the Gypsies"   .
Revised:  He identified a substantial Greek element that was shared by the Romani dialects, and thus named a "Greek-speaking area" as the "European homeland of the Gypsies" . .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Medal Franz von Miklosich  1883 In 1883 in occasion of his 70th birthday  he received a medal commissioned by the Austrian Academy of URL S. Krmnicek und M. Gaidys, Gelehrtenbilder.
Revised:  Franz von Miklosich 1883 In 1883 in occasion of his 70th birthday he received a medal commissioned by the Austrian Academy of URL S. Krmnicek und M. Gaidys, Gelehrtenbilder.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Medal Franz von Miklosich  1883 In 1883 in occasion of his 70th birthday  he received a medal commissioned by the Austrian Academy of URL S. Krmnicek und M. Gaidys, Gelehrtenbilder.
Revised: Medal Franz von Miklosich 1883 In 1883 , on the occasion of his 70th birthday he received a medal commissioned by the Austrian Academy of URL S. Krmnicek und M. Gaidys, Gelehrtenbilder.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Medal Franz von Miklosich  1883 In 1883 in occasion of his 70th birthday  he received a medal commissioned by the Austrian Academy of URL S. Krmnicek und M. Gaidys, Gelehrtenbilder.
Revised: Medal Franz von Miklosich 1883 In 1883 in occasion of his 70th birthday , he received a medal commissioned by the Austrian Academy of URL S. Krmnicek und M. Gaidys, Gelehrtenbilder.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Franz Miklosich (also known in Slovene as ) ;
Revised: Franz Miklosich (also known in Slovene as ;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In: Jezikovni zapiski.
Revised:  In: Jezikoslovni zapiski.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Glasilo inštituta zs slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU 10/2 (2004)  19–46.
Revised:  Glasilo Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU 10/2 (2004) 19–46.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Glasilo inštituta zs slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU 10/2 (2004)  19–46.
Revised:  Glasilo inštituta zs slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU 10.2 (2004) 19–46.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Glasilo inštituta zs slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU 10/2 (2004)  19–46.
Revised:  Glasilo inštituta zs slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU 10/2 (2004) , 19–46.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Покушение на Осмаева и Окуеву: киллера недавно обменяли
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  After she married the military Mustafinov Isa , she changed her name to Amina and became Okueva after her second marriage and did not change her name any more.
Revised:  After she married Isa Mustafinov , she changed her name to Amina and became Okueva after her second marriage and did not change her name any more.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  After she married Isa Mustafinov, she changed her name to Amina and became Okueva after her second marriage and did not change her name any more.
Revised:  After she married Isa Mustafinov, she changed her name to Amina . She became Okueva after her second marriage and did not change her name any more.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  her first husband, Isa Mustafinov, whom she married in 2000, died in 2003 during the Second Chechen war .
Revised:  her first husband, Isa Mustafinov, whom she married in 2000, died in 2003 during the Second Chechen War .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  She also served as press secretary for the Dhozkhar Dudaev International Peacekeeping Battalion.
Revised:  She also served as press secretary for the Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  5 June 1983 – 30 October 2017) was a Ukrainian  doctor of Chechen descent, Euromaidan activist, convert to Islam, and police lieutenant.
Revised:  5 June 1983 – 30 October 2017) was a Ukrainian born doctor of Chechen descent, Euromaidan activist, convert to Islam, and police lieutenant.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Ahmed Tatarkhanovich Malsagov (  ;
Revised: Ahmed Tatarkhanovich Malsagov ( , ;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He was twice posthumously nominated for the title Hero of the Soviet Union but was not awarded it.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Between Sennar and Ethiopia File:Fazughli_and_the_Blue_Nile.jpg|Fazughli ("Fascalo", underlined in red) on a Portuguese map from 1640.
Revised:  Between Sennar and Ethiopia 
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Since they are named after Soba, the capital of Alodia, it is possible that they served as a material memory of an "ancestral homeland upstream along the Blue Nile".
Revised:  Since they bear the name of Soba, the capital of Alodia, it is possible that they served as a material memory of an "ancestral homeland upstream along the Blue Nile".
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Since they bear the name of Soba, the capital of Alodia, it is possible that they served as a material memory of an " ancestral homeland upstream along the Blue Nile".
Revised:  Since they bear the name of Soba, the capital of Alodia, it is possible that they served as "material memories of an ancestral homeland upstream along the Blue Nile".
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It is assumed to have been established in by refugees from the Nubian kingdom of Alodia, after its capital Soba had fallen to Arabs or the Funj  .
Revised:  Oral traditions assert its establishment to refugees from the Nubian kingdom of Alodia, after its capital Soba had fallen to Arabs or the Funj .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It is assumed to have been established in by refugees from the Nubian kingdom of Alodia, after its capital Soba had fallen to Arabs or the Funj  .
Revised:  It is assumed to have been established in by refugees from the Nubian kingdom of Alodia, after its capital Soba had fallen to Arabs or the Funj in .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: ]] Local traditions also remember Alodian mirations towards Fazughli.
Revised: ]] Local traditions also remember Alodian migrations towards Fazughli.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In 1761–1762 Muhammad Abu Likaylik , a military commander originating from Fazughli, assembled a "heterogenous collection of neo-Alodian noblemen, warlords, slave soldiers, merchants, and fuqara (religious teachers)" and seized control of the sultanate, initiating the Hamaj Regency, which lasted until the Turko-Egyptian invasion of 1821.
Revised:  In 1761–1762 Muhammad Abu Likayik , a military commander originating from Fazughli, assembled a "heterogenous collection of neo-Alodian noblemen, warlords, slave soldiers, merchants, and fuqara (religious teachers)" and seized control of the sultanate, initiating the Hamaj Regency, which lasted until the Turko-Egyptian invasion of 1821.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  His subject, Nandy told me , exhibited all the traits of an authoritarian personality: puritanical rigidity, a constricted emotional life, fear of his own passions, and an enormous ego that protected a gnawing insecurity.
Revised:  His subject, Nandy said , exhibited all the traits of an authoritarian personality: puritanical rigidity, a constricted emotional life, fear of his own passions, and an enormous ego that protected a gnawing insecurity.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Indian Christians Category:Indian institute directors Category:Indian male essayists Category:Indian psychologists Category:Indian sociologists Category:Indian critics Category:Cultural critics Category:People from Bhagalpur Category:20th-century Indian essayists Category:Gujarat University alumni Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists Category:Scientists from Bihar Category:People from Bhagalpur district Category:Scholars from Bihar Category:Indian political write
Revised: Indian Christians Category:Indian institute directors Category:Indian male essayists Category:Indian psychologists Category:Indian sociologists Category:Indian critics Category:Cultural critics Category:People from Bhagalpur Category:20th-century Indian essayists Category:Gujarat University alumni Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists Category:Scientists from Bihar Category:People from Bhagalpur district Category:Scholars from Bihar Category:Indian political writers Category:Political psychologis
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Nandy had received the Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize in 2007.
Revised: Nandy received the Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize in 2007.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Awards Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize in 2007 Hans-Kilian-Award in 2019 Scholars say Nandy was at his satirical best when he made the comment but the sarcasm was lost on his detractors.
Revised: Awards Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize in 2007 Scholars say Nandy was at his satirical best when he made the comment but the sarcasm was lost on his detractors.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  His subject, Nandy said  , exhibited all the traits of an authoritarian personality: puritanical rigidity, a constricted emotional life, fear of his own passions, and an enormous ego that protected a gnawing insecurity.
Revised:  His subject, Nandy told , exhibited all the traits of an authoritarian personality: puritanical rigidity, a constricted emotional life, fear of his own passions, and an enormous ego that protected a gnawing insecurity.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Nandy said: " Modi was a fascist in every sense .
Revised:  ‘ Modi was a fascist in every sense .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Nandy said: " Modi was a fascist in every sense .
Revised:  Nandy said: " Modi was a fascist in every sense ,’ Nandy said. ‘
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It’s a diagnostic category. "
Revised:  It’s a diagnostic category. ’”
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Views on Narendra Modi In 2019, The New Yorker magazine reported: “During the dispute over Babri Masjid, Ashis Nandy began a series of interviews with RSS members.
Revised: Views on Narendra Modi In 2019, The New Yorker magazine reported: “During the dispute over Babri Masjid, Ashis Nandy began a series of interviews with R.S.S. members.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Magomero: Portrait of an African Village, Cambridge University Press  
Revised:  Magomero: Portrait of an African Village, Cambridge University Press . . 
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  One of these was not recognised as a chief by the British government owing to his hostility: this was Mlauri, who tried to use the position of his village on a hill above the Shire River to dominate traffic on the river in the 1880s and impose tolls on European steamers using it.
Revised:  One of these was Mlauri, who tried to use the position of his village on a hill above the Shire River to dominate traffic on the river in the 1880s and impose tolls on European steamers using it.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  He became increasingly hostile to both English and Portuguese influences and, in 1889, he attacked a Portuguese military force under Major Alexandre de Serpa Pinto and was severely defeated, later fleeing from his village.
Revised:  He became increasingly hostile to both British and Portuguese influences and, in 1889, he attacked a Portuguese military force under Major Alexandre de Serpa Pinto and was severely defeated, later fleeing from his village.
Edit intent: style
Original:  As, regardless of their origin, they took wives from among the inhabitants of the Shire valley , their modern descendants have little connection with Makololo people of southern Africa except their name.
Revised:  As, regardless of their origin, they took wives from among the inhabitants of the Shire Valley , their modern descendants have little connection with Makololo people of southern Africa except their name.
Edit intent: fluency