wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original: The only book known to fully track the directorial styles of communicating in opera rehearsals is the following: Communication in Theatre Directing and Performance: From Rehearsal to Production Italic textItalic text by Jennifer Lanipekun (2011).
Revised:  Communication in Theatre Directing and Performance: From Rehearsal to Production Italic textItalic text by Jennifer Lanipekun (2011).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In an another example, when 80 percent of the flowers in a study site were robbed and the robbers did not pollinate, neither the seed nor fruit set were negatively affected.
Revised:  In another example, when 80 percent of the flowers in a study site were robbed and the robbers did not pollinate, neither the seed nor fruit set were negatively affected.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Nectar robbing mammals include a fruit batOlmos, F.  Boulhosa, R. (2000).
Revised:  Nectar robbing mammals include a fruit batOlmos, F. ; Boulhosa, R. (2000).
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Deng, X. , Ren, P. , Gao, J.  Li, Q. (2004).
Revised: Deng, X. ; Ren, P. , Gao, J. Li, Q. (2004).
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Deng, X. , Ren, P. , Gao, J.  Li, Q. (2004).
Revised: Deng, X. , Ren, P. ; Gao, J. Li, Q. (2004).
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Deng, X. , Ren, P. , Gao, J.  Li, Q. (2004).
Revised: Deng, X. , Ren, P. , Gao, J. ; Li, Q. (2004).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Secondary robbers are those (e.g. flies and bees) that take advantage of the holes made by  primary robbers.
Revised:  Secondary robbers are those that take advantage of the holes made by primary robbers.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Ararajuba 8(2):93–98. and Swinhoe's Striped Squirrel , which robs nectar from the ginger plant.
Revised:  Ararajuba 8(2):93–98. and Swinhoe's striped squirrel , which robs nectar from the ginger plant.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The  term "floral larceny" has been proposed to include the entire suite of foraging behaviors for floral rewards that can potentially disrupt pollination.
Revised:  The former is most often on flowers whose nectar is concealed or hard to reach. Long flowers with tubular corollas are prone to robbing. Primary robbing is often performed by species with long corollas and are able to pierce or bite holes into the flower. Secondary robbers often do not have suitable mouth parts to be able to create penetrations into the flowers themselves and reach the nectar without robbing it. Thus they take advantage of the perforations already made by other organisms to be able to steal the nectar. For example, short-tongued bees such as the Early Bumblebee (Bombus pratorum) are unable to reach the nectar located at the base of long flowers such as comfreys. In order to access the nectar, the bee will enter the flower through a hole bitten at the base, stealing the nectar without aiding in pollination. Birds are mostly primary robbers and typically use their beaks to penetrate the corolla tissue of flower petals. The upper mandible is used to hold the flower while the lower mandible creates the hole and extracts the nectar. While this is the most common method employed by bird species, some steal nectar in a more aggressive manner. For example, bullfinches reach the nectar by completely tearing the corolla off from the calyx. Mammal robbers such as the striped squirrel chew holes at the base of the flower and then consume the nectar. The term "floral larceny" has been proposed to include the entire suite of foraging behaviors for floral rewards that can potentially disrupt pollination.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:   Nectar robbing,  especially by birds, can damage the reproductive parts of a flower and thus diminish the fitness of a plant.
Revised:  It is also important to note that individuals may exhibit mixed behaviors. An individual may practice a combination of legitimate pollination and nectar robbing, or choose to perform a mix of primary and secondary robbing. Nectar robbing rates can also greatly vary temporally and spatially. The abundance of nectar robbing can fluctuate based on the season or even within a season. This inconsistency displayed in nectar robbing makes it difficult to label certain species as “thieves” and complicates research on the ecological phenomenon of nectar robbing. Nectar robbing, especially by birds, can damage the reproductive parts of a flower and thus diminish the fitness of a plant.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:   Nectar robbing,  especially by birds, can damage the reproductive parts of a flower and thus diminish the fitness of a plant.
Revised:  Nectar robbing, Nectar robbing, especially by birds, can damage the reproductive parts of a flower and thus diminish the fitness of a plant.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   Distinguishing between a legitimate pollinator and a nectar robber can be difficult.
Revised:  Positive reproductive results may occur from nectar robbing if the robbers act as pollinators during the same or different visit. The holes created by primary robbers may attract more secondary robbers that commonly search for nectar and collect pollen from anthers during the same visit. Additionally, certain dense arrangements of flowers allow pollen to be transferred when robber birds pierce holes into flowers to access the nectar. Thus, plant reproduction can potentially be boosted from nectar robbing due to the increase in potential pollen vectors. Distinguishing between a legitimate pollinator and a nectar robber can be difficult.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Current research is focuses on new ways to regenerate nerves and advance surgical techniques.
Revised:  Current research is focused on new ways to regenerate nerves and advance surgical techniques.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Classification Peripheral nerve injuries can be classified in two different ways.
Revised:  Peripheral nerve injuries can be classified in two different ways.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Light machineguns were positioned up among the trees and caused many Chinese casualties.
Revised:  Light machine guns were positioned up among the trees and caused many Chinese casualties.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Eventually the Chinese set up their heavy machineguns to fire at an angle to deal with this menace.
Revised:  Eventually the Chinese set up their heavy machine guns to fire at an angle to deal with this menace.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The battle continued until 4 p.m. without much success for the attackers, who then tried another flanking move with a company of infantry and scores of cavalry troops around the right side of the Chinese positions.
Revised:  The battle continued until 4 pm without much success for the attackers, who then tried another flanking move with a company of infantry and scores of cavalry troops around the right side of the Chinese positions.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  External links Topographic Map NE 47-5 Toungoo Axis History Forum: Chinese 200th Division: descriptions of actions needed!
Revised:  External links Topographic Map NE 47–5 Toungoo Axis History Forum: Chinese 200th Division: descriptions of actions needed!
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Radiocarbon dating suggests that the site was occupied between the late 9th and the 14th centuries.
Revised:  Radiocarbon dating suggests that the site was occupied between the late 9th and 14th centuries.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: The descriptions provided by the early Arab authors lack sufficient detail to pin-point the exact location of the town.
Revised: The descriptions provided by the early Arab authors lack sufficient detail to pinpoint the exact location of the town.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The much later 17th century African chronicle, the Tarikh al-fattash, states that the Malian Empire was preceded by the Kayamagna dynasty which had a capital at a town called Koumbi.
Revised:  The much later 17th-century African chronicle, the Tarikh al-fattash, states that the Malian Empire was preceded by the Kayamagna dynasty which had a capital at a town called Koumbi.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The other important 17th century chronicle, the Tarikh al-Sudan mentions that the Malian Empire came after the dynasty of Qayamagha which had its capital at the city of Ghana.
Revised:  The other important 17th-century chronicle, the Tarikh al-Sudan mentions that the Malian Empire came after the dynasty of Qayamagha which had its capital at the city of Ghana.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The alliance between England and the Netherlands against Spain began to break apart under England's new trading program .
Revised:  The alliance between England and the Netherlands against Spain began to dissolve thanks to England's new trading program .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The alliance between England and the Netherlands against Spain began to break apart under England's new trading program .
Revised:  The alliance between England and the Netherlands against Spain began to break apart under England's attempts to break Dutch monopolies .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  16 September 1668)alt=|124x124pxCornelius LampsinsBaron of TobagoDe Facto16621666Karl de NappAbsentee GovernorDe Jure16601689alt=| 119x119pxalt=| 106x106pxFrederick Casimir KettlerFriedrich Casimir KettlerHouse of Ketteler(1 January 1682 –
Revised:  16 September 1668)alt=|124x124pxCornelius LampsinsBaron of TobagoDe Facto16621666alt=|119x119pxKarl de NappAbsentee GovernorDe Jure16601689alt=| 119x119pxalt=| 106x106pxFrederick Casimir KettlerFriedrich Casimir KettlerHouse of Ketteler(1 January 1682 –
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  16 September 1668)alt=|124x124pxCornelius LampsinsBaron of TobagoDe Facto16621666Karl de NappAbsentee GovernorDe Jure16601689alt=| 119x119pxalt=| 106x106pxFrederick Casimir KettlerFriedrich Casimir KettlerHouse of Ketteler(1 January 1682 –
Revised:  16 September 1668)alt=|124x124pxCornelius LampsinsBaron of TobagoDe Facto16621666Karl de NappAbsentee GovernorDe Jure16601689alt=| 106x106pxFrederick Casimir KettlerFriedrich Casimir KettlerHouse of Ketteler(1 January 1682 –
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Erik Erikson1902 –1994Erik Erikson, a neo-Fruedian , focused on how children develop personality and identity.
Revised: Erik Erikson1902 –1994Erik Erikson, a neo-Freudian , focused on how children develop personality and identity.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Cognitive development is defined as the emergence of the ability to consciously cognized , understand, and articulate their understanding in adult terms.
Revised:  Cognitive development is defined as the emergence of the ability to consciously cognize , understand, and articulate their understanding in adult terms.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Cultural influences From cultural psychologists' view, minds and culture shape each other.
Revised: Neuro plasticity has been something that scientists have been studying for years. The term was first used by Polish neuroscientist, Jerzy Konorski in 1948 to describe the neurological changes that take place in in the human brain as the person grows older and experiences new stimuli. Scientists still do not know everything there is to know about neuroplasticity and learning new things about it everyday as time goes on. Neuroplasticity happens when neurons take on new roles inside of the brain. People are constantly changing every second, so this is an ongoing phenomenon that does not stop until death. Cultural influences From cultural psychologists' view, minds and culture shape each other.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Cognitive development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child's development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of the developed adult brain and cognitive psychology.
Revised: Cognitive delopment is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child's development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of the developed adult brain and cognitive psychology.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: upWilhelmine Schröder-Devrient upWilhelmine Schröder-Devrient Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient, born Wilhelmine Schröder (6 December 180426 January 1860), was a German operatic soprano.
Revised: upWilhelmine Schröder-Devrient Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient, born Wilhelmine Schröder (6 December 180426 January 1860), was a German operatic soprano.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Today, she is remembered as the author of the most celebrated erotic novel in the German language.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:   In 1823, she married Karl Devrient, becoming known as Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient, but separated from him in 1828.
Revised:  upWilhelmine Schröder-Devrient In 1823, she married Karl Devrient, becoming known as Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient, but separated from him in 1828.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Apocryphal memoirs After her death, a two-volume work entitled (Memoirs of a Songstress), purporting to be her erotic memoirs, was published in two instalments in 1868 and 1875.
Revised:  Apocryphal memoirs After her death, an erotic memoir in two volumes, (Memoirs of a Songstress), purporting to be her erotic memoirs, was published in two instalments in 1868 and 1875.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Munich. References%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Attribution ;
Revised:  Munich. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Attribution ;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Endnotes: Sources E. von Glümer, Erinnerungen an Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient (Leipzig, 1862) A. von Wolzogen, Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient (Leipzig, 1863) .  Category:1804 births Category:1860 deaths Category:German operatic sopranos Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848 Category:Musicians from Hamburg Category:19th-century German opera singers Category:19th-century women singers Category:German erotica write
Revised:  Endnotes: (1863). Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient (Leipzig, 1862) A. von Wolzogen, Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient (Leipzig, 1863) . Category:1804 births Category:1860 deaths Category:German operatic sopranos Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848 Category:Musicians from Hamburg Category:19th-century German opera singers Category:19th-century women singers Category:German erotica write
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Endnotes: Sources E. von Glümer, Erinnerungen an Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient (Leipzig, 1862) A. von Wolzogen, Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient (Leipzig, 1863) .  Category:1804 births Category:1860 deaths Category:German operatic sopranos Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848 Category:Musicians from Hamburg Category:19th-century German opera singers Category:19th-century women singers Category:German erotica write
Revised:  Endnotes: Sources E. von Glümer, Erinnerungen an Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient . Category:1804 births Category:1860 deaths Category:German operatic sopranos Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848 Category:Musicians from Hamburg Category:19th-century German opera singers Category:19th-century women singers Category:German erotica write
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Endnotes: Sources E. von Glümer, Erinnerungen an Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient (Leipzig, 1862) A. von Wolzogen, Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient (Leipzig, 1863) .  Category:1804 births Category:1860 deaths Category:German operatic sopranos Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848 Category:Musicians from Hamburg Category:19th-century German opera singers Category:19th-century women singers Category:German erotica write
Revised:  Endnotes: Sources E. von Glümer, Erinnerungen an Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient (Leipzig, 1862) A. von Wolzogen, Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient (Leipzig, 1863) . Category:1804 births Category:1860 deaths Category:German operatic sopranos Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848 Category:Musicians from Hamburg Category:19th-century German opera singers Category:19th-century women singe
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Severity The U.S Food and Drug Administration defines a serious adverse event as one when the patient outcome is one of the following: Death Life-threatening Hospitalization (initial or prolonged) Disability - significant, persistent, or permanent change, impairment, damage or disruption in the patient's body function/structure, physical activities or quality of life.
Revised: Severiousness The U.S Food and Drug Administration defines a serious adverse event as one when the patient outcome is one of the following: Death Life-threatening Hospitalization (initial or prolonged) Disability - significant, persistent, or permanent change, impairment, damage or disruption in the patient's body function/structure, physical activities or quality of life.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Severiousness The U.S Food and Drug Administration defines a serious adverse event as one when the patient outcome is one of the following: Death Life-threatening Hospitalization (initial or prolonged) Disability - significant, persistent, or permanent change, impairment, damage or disruption in the patient's body function/structure, physical activities or quality of life.
Revised: Seriousness The U.S Food and Drug Administration defines a serious adverse event as one when the patient outcome is one of the following: Death Life-threatening Hospitalization (initial or prolonged) Disability - significant, persistent, or permanent change, impairment, damage or disruption in the patient's body function/structure, physical activities or quality of life.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The meaning of this expression differs from the meaning of "side effect" , as this last expression might also imply that the effects can be beneficial  .
Revised:  The meaning of this term differs from the meaning of "side effect" , as this last expression might also imply that the effects can be beneficial .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The meaning of this expression differs from the meaning of "side effect" , as this last expression might also imply that the effects can be beneficial  .
Revised:  The meaning of this expression differs from the term "side effect" , as this last expression might also imply that the effects can be beneficial .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The meaning of this expression differs from the meaning of "side effect" , as this last expression might also imply that the effects can be beneficial  .
Revised:  The meaning of this expression differs from the meaning of "side effect" because side effects can be beneficial .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The meaning of this expression differs from the meaning of "side effect" , as this last expression might also imply that the effects can be beneficial  .
Revised:  The meaning of this expression differs from the meaning of "side effect" , as this last expression might also imply that the effects can be beneficial as well as detrimental .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The terms "severe" and "serious"  when applied to adverse events  are technically very different.
Revised:  The terms "severe" and "serious" , when applied to adverse events are technically very different.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The terms "severe" and "serious"  when applied to adverse events  are technically very different.
Revised:  The terms "severe" and "serious" when applied to adverse events , are technically very different.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  A headache is severe , if it causes intense pain.
Revised:  A headache is severe if it causes intense pain.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  On an international level, the WHO runs the Uppsala Monitoring Centre, and the European Union runs the European Medicines Agency ( EMEA ).
Revised:  On an international level, the WHO runs the Uppsala Monitoring Centre, and the European Union runs the European Medicines Agency ( EMA ).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Many aspiring authors also used the web to publish free-to-read works in serialized format independently as well as web-based communities such as LiveJournal, Fictionpress.com, fictionhub, and Wattpad.
Revised:  Aspiring authors have also used the web to publish free-to-read works in serialized format independently as well as web-based communities such as LiveJournal, Fictionpress.com, fictionhub, and Wattpad.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Many aspiring authors also used the web to publish free-to-read works in serialized format independently as well as web-based communities such as LiveJournal, Fictionpress.com, fictionhub, and Wattpad.
Revised:  Many aspiring authors also used the web to publish free-to-read works in serialized format on their own websites as well as web-based communities such as LiveJournal, Fictionpress.com, fictionhub, and Wattpad.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  At that time, books remained a premium item, so to reduce the price and expand the market, publishers produced large works in lower-cost instalments called fascicles.
Revised:  At that time, books remained a premium item, so to reduce the price and expand the market, publishers produced large works in lower-cost installments called fascicles.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  These had the added attraction of allowing a publisher to gauge the popularity of a work without incurring the expense of a substantial print run of bound volumes: if the work was not a success, no bound volumes needed to be prepared . If, on the other hand, the serialised book sold well, it was a good bet that bound volumes would sell well, too.
Revised:  These had the added attraction of allowing a publisher to gauge theAndroid popularity of a work without incurring the expense of a substantial print run of bound volumes: if the work was not a success, no bound volumes needed to be prepared . If, on the other hand, the serialised book sold well, it was a good bet that bound volumes would sell well, too.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  These had the added attraction of allowing a publisher to gauge the popularity of a work without incurring the expense of a substantial print run of bound volumes: if the work was not a success, no bound volumes needed to be prepared . If, on the other hand, the serialised book sold well, it was a good bet that bound volumes would sell well, too.
Revised:  These had the added attraction of allowing a publisher to gauge the popularity of a work without incurring the expense of a substantial print run of bound volumes: if the work was not a success, no bound volumes needed to be prepAndroAndroididared . If, on the other hand, the serialised book sold well, it was a good bet that bound volumes would sell well, too.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Late 20th and early-21st centuries With the rise of broadcast—both radio and television series—in the first half of the 20th century, printed periodical fiction began a slow decline as newspapers and magazines shifted their focus from entertainment to information and news.
Revised: Late 20th and early 21st centuries With the rise of broadcast—both radio and television series—in the first half of the 20th century, printed periodical fiction began a slow decline as newspapers and magazines shifted their focus from entertainment to information and news.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Spanish West Africa () is a former possession in the western Sahara Desert that Spain ruled after giving much of its former northwestern African possessions to Morocco.
Revised: Spanish West Africa () was a possession in the western Sahara Desert that Spain ruled after giving much of its former northwestern African possessions to Morocco.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  A Pregnant women however is able to take unpaid leave for "special maternity leave", this is maternity leave that she can take if she has a pregnancy related illness or the pregnancy ends any time after the first trimester due to a miscarriage, a stillbirth or a termination.
Revised:  A Pregnant woman however is able to take unpaid leave for "special maternity leave", this is maternity leave that she can take if she has a pregnancy related illness or the pregnancy ends any time after the first trimester due to a miscarriage, a stillbirth or a termination.
Edit intent: fluency