wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  Using Genetic Markers Two methods of measuring genetic variation, variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been very beneficial to the study of bacterial transmission.
Revised:  Using genetic markers Two methods of measuring genetic variation, variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been very beneficial to the study of bacterial transmission.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Bayesian Analysis Bayesian frameworks are a form of maximum likelihood-based analyses and can be very effective in cross-species transmission studies.
Revised:  Bayesian analysis Bayesian frameworks are a form of maximum likelihood-based analyses and can be very effective in cross-species transmission studies.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Bacterial pathogens can also be associated with CST.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  This can occur between species that have high contact rates .
Revised:  This can occur between species which are frequently in contact with each other .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It can also occur between species with low contact rates but usually through an intermediary species.
Revised:  It can also occur between species with low contact rates if facilitated by an intermediary species.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A host shifting event is defined as a strain that was previously zoonotic and now circulates exclusively among humans.
Revised:  A host shifting event occurs when a strain that was previously zoonotic and now circulates exclusively among humans.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A host shifting event is defined as a strain that was previously zoonotic and now circulates exclusively among humans.
Revised:  A host shifting event is defined as a strain that was previously zoonotic now circulates exclusively among humans.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The similarity between species, for example, transfer between mammals, is believed to be facilitated by similar immunological defenses.
Revised:  Similarity between host species influences the likelihood that a pathogen can be transmitted between them; for example, transfer between mammals, is believed to be facilitated by similar immunological defenses.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The similarity between species, for example, transfer between mammals, is believed to be facilitated by similar immunological defenses.
Revised:  The similarity between species, for example, transfer between mammals, is believed to be facilitated by the similarity of the host species' immunological defenses.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   Other factors include geographic area, intraspecies behaviors, and phylogenetic relatedness . Virus emergence relies on two factors: initial infection and sustained transmission .
Revised:  Other factors include geographic area, intraspecies behaviors, and phylogenetic relatedness .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Cross-species transmission (CST), also called interspecies transmission, host jump, or spillover, is the transmission of an infectious pathogen, such as a foreign virus, between hosts belonging to different species.
Revised: Cross-species transmission (CST), also called interspecies transmission, host jump, or spillover, is the transmission of an infectious pathogen, such as a virus, between hosts belonging to different species.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The concept is most commonly studied in virology, but cross-species transmission may also occur with bacterial pathogens or other types of microorganisms.
Revised:  The phenomenon is most commonly studied in virology, but cross-species transmission may also occur with bacterial pathogens or other types of microorganisms.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The exact mechanisms that facilitate cross-species transmission vary by pathogen, and even for widespread diseases are often unknown;
Revised:  The exact mechanisms which facilitate cross-species transmission vary by pathogen, and even for widespread diseases are often unknown;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The exact mechanisms that facilitate cross-species transmission vary by pathogen, and even for widespread diseases are often unknown;
Revised:  The exact mechanisms that facilitate cross-species transmission vary by pathogen, and even for common diseases are often unknown;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  however, it is believed that viruses with very high mutation rates are able to rapidly adapt to new hosts and thereby overcome host-specific immunological defenses, allowing their continued transmission.
Revised:  however, it is believed that viruses with high mutation rates are able to rapidly adapt to new hosts and thereby overcome host-specific immunological defenses, allowing their continued transmission.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It can also occur  between species with low contact rates if facilitated by an intermediary species .
Revised:  It can also occur indirectly between species with low contact rates if facilitated by an intermediary species .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It can also occur  between species with low contact rates if facilitated by an intermediary species .
Revised:  It can also occur between species with less frequent contact if facilitated by an intermediary species .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Similarity between host species  influences the likelihood that a pathogen can be transmitted between them  ;
Revised:  Similarity between host species also influences the likelihood that a pathogen can be transmitted between them ;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Similarity between host species  influences the likelihood that a pathogen can be transmitted between them  ;
Revised:  Similarity between host species influences the likelihood that a pathogen is transmitted between them ;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This is believed to be facilitated by the similarity of the host species' immunological defenses.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Pathogens of more distantly related species, on the other hand, such as plant viruses, are not known to infect humans .
Revised:  Pathogens of more distantly related species, on the other hand, such as plant viruses, may not be capable of infecting humans at all .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Other factors include geographic area, intraspecies behaviors, and phylogenetic relatedness .
Revised:  Other factors influencing transmission rates include geographic proximity and intraspecies behaviors .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: ]] Anthecology  is the study of pollination as well as the relationships between insects and flowers .
Revised: ]] Anthecology is the study of pollination as well as the relationships between flowers and their pollinators .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Pollination biology is a a bigger field that includes these studies.
Revised:  Floral biology is a a bigger field that includes these studies.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: ROMS is primarily used to model how a given region of the ocean responds to physical forcings such as heating or wind.
Revised: ROMS is used to model how a given region of the ocean responds to physical forcings such as heating or wind.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Framework   Central to the ROMS model are four models that form what is called the dynamical center or "kernel" of the model: ROMS is a 4D model, i. e. a 3-dimensional model that can be run to evaluate change over a given amount of time.
Revised: Framework Kernel Central to the ROMS model are four models that form what is called the dynamical center or "kernel" of the model: ROMS is a 4D model, i. e. a 3-dimensional model that can be run to evaluate change over a given amount of time.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:    In both the vertical and horizontal directions, the default equations use centered, second-order finite difference schemes on staggered grids . Higher order schemes are available if desired, for example using parabolic spline reconstruction.
Revised:  Physics In both the vertical and horizontal directions, the default equations use centered, second-order finite difference schemes on staggered grids . Higher order schemes are available if desired, for example using parabolic spline reconstruction.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:    In both the vertical and horizontal directions, the default equations use centered, second-order finite difference schemes on staggered grids . Higher order schemes are available if desired, for example using parabolic spline reconstruction.
Revised:  In both the vertical and horizontal directions, the default equations use centered, second-order finite difference schemes . Higher order schemes are available if desired, for example using parabolic spline reconstruction.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:         Boundaries such as coastlines can be specified for a given region using land- and sea-masking.
Revised:  Input Boundaries such as coastlines can be specified for a given region using land- and sea-masking.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   The output format of model run files is netCDF.
Revised:  Output The output format of model run files is netCDF.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  When using ROMS, if an implementer runs into a problem or bug, they should report it to the ROMS forum.
Revised:  When using ROMS, if an implementer runs into a problem or bug, they can report it to the ROMS forum.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: History The name Spearman-Brown seems to imply a partnership, but the two authors were hostile .
Revised: History The name Spearman-Brown seems to imply a partnership, but the two authors were competitive .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Charles Spearman did not have a good relationship with Karl Pearson who worked together in King's College London, and they exchanged papers that criticized and ridiculed each other.
Revised:  Charles Spearman had a hostile relationship with Karl Pearson who worked together in King's College London, and they exchanged papers that criticized and ridiculed each other.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Although the Spearman-Brown formula is rarely used as a split-half reliability coefficient after the development of tau-equivalent reliability, some scholars claim that this method is still useful  .
Revised:  Although the Spearman-Brown formula is rarely used as a split-half reliability coefficient after the development of tau-equivalent reliability, this method is still useful .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Item response theory item information provides a much more precise means of predicting changes in the quality of measurement by adding or removing individual items.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Vogel played for TV Bühl in Germany's Bundesliga for  2013-2014  . Clubs Panathinaikos Athens (2012-2013) TV Bühl (2013-2014  )
Revised:  Vogel the played in Germany's Bundesliga for 2013-2014 . Clubs Panathinaikos Athens (2012-2013) TV Bühl (2013-2014 )
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Vogel played for TV Bühl in Germany's Bundesliga for  2013-2014  . Clubs Panathinaikos Athens (2012-2013) TV Bühl (2013-2014  )
Revised:  Vogel played for TV Bühl in Germany's Bundesliga for TV Bühl for the 2013-2014 . Clubs Panathinaikos Athens (2012-2013) TV Bühl (2013-2014 )
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The erosion mechanism of SPMW is a combination of turbulent mixing and air-sea flux.
Revised:  erosion mechanism of SPMW is a combination of turbulent mixing and air-sea flux.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Two subtropical mode water types Classic 18˚ water and Madeira Mode water Mode water is defined as a particular type of water mass, which is nearly vertically homogeneous.
Revised:  Mode water is defined as a particular type of water mass, which is nearly vertically homogeneous.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Dynamically, mode waters also control potential vorticity and baroclinic in the subtropical North Atlantic.
Revised:  Dynamically, mode waters also control potential vorticity and baroclinity in the subtropical North Atlantic.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Krebs R. Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, And Discoveries Of The Middle Ages And The Renaissance e-book%DIFDELCMD < ]%%% . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press;
Revised:  e-book%DIFDELCMD < ]%%% . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Krebs R. Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, And Discoveries Of The Middle Ages And The Renaissance e-book%DIFDELCMD < ]%%% . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press;
Revised:  Krebs R. Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, And Discoveries Of The Middle Ages And The Renaissance %DIFDELCMD < ]%%% . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  India In India, Ayurveda medicine has used many herbs such as turmeric possibly as early as 4,000 BC.
Revised: Not India In India, Ayurveda medicine has used many herbs such as turmeric possibly as early as 4,000 BC.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: China In China , seeds likely used for herbalism have been found in the archaeological sites of Bronze Age China dating from the Shang Dynasty.
Revised: Japan In Japan , seeds likely used for herbalism have been found in the archaeological sites of Bronze Age China dating from the Shang Dynasty.
Edit intent: style
Original:  Prehistory The use of plants as medicines predates written human history.
Revised:  s written human history.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: s  written human history.
Revised: The history of herbalism is closely tied with the history of medicine from prehistoric times up until the development of the germ theory of disease in the 19th century. Modern medicine from the 19th century to today has been based on evidence gathered using the scientific method. Evidence-based use of pharmaceutical drugs, often derived from medicinal plants, has largely replaced herbal treatments in modern health care. However, many people continue to employ various forms of traditional or alternative medicine. These systems often have a significant herbal component. The history of herbalism also overlaps with food history, as many of the herbs and spices historically used by humans to season food yield useful medicinal compounds, and use of spices with antimicrobial activity in cooking is part of an ancient response to the threat of food-borne pathogens. written human history.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Dioscordes Much like Pliny, Pedanius Dioscorides constructed a pharmacopeia, De Materia Medica, consisting of over 1000 medicines produced form herbs, minerals, and animals.
Revised: Dioscorides Much like Pliny, Pedanius Dioscorides constructed a pharmacopeia, De Materia Medica, consisting of over 1000 medicines produced form herbs, minerals, and animals.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The company's CoffeeRich product, marketed with a series of national ads featuring George Burns,  "its sales soared, particularly among Jews who kept kosher and were forbidden to put cream in their coffee while eating meat."
Revised:  The company's CoffeeRich product, marketed with a series of national ads featuring George Burns, did well: "its sales soared, particularly among Jews who kept kosher and were forbidden to put cream in their coffee while eating meat."
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  PennorumbettaalLokanMaarunnu: LinganeethiyudeViplavangal, (The World Changed When Women Move: Gender-Revolutions), Thiruvananthapuram, Readme Books, 2017. Articles
Revised:  PennorumbettaalLokanMaarunnu: LinganeethiyudeViplavangal, (The World Changed When Women Move: Gender-Revolutions), Thiruvananthapuram, Readme Books, 2017. Journals
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  [Translation of SatishDeshpande’ sContemporary India: A Sociological View] AkamePottiyaKettukalkkappuram: Indian FeminisathinteVarthamaanam(Malayalam version of NiveditaMenon’sSeeing like a Feminist, Penguin, N Delhi), SahityaPravarthakaSahakaranaSangham, 2017.
Revised:  [Translation of SatishDeshpande’ s India: A Sociological View] AkamePottiyaKettukalkkappuram: Indian FeminisathinteVarthamaanam(Malayalam version of NiveditaMenon’sSeeing like a Feminist, Penguin, N Delhi), SahityaPravarthakaSahakaranaSangham, 2017.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   Translation of SatishDeshpande’s India: A Sociological View  AkamePottiyaKettukalkkappuram: Indian FeminisathinteVarthamaanam(Malayalam version of NiveditaMenon’sSeeing like a Feminist, Penguin, N Delhi), SahityaPravarthakaSahakaranaSangham, 2017.
Revised:  ( Translation of SatishDeshpande’s India: A Sociological View AkamePottiyaKettukalkkappuram: Indian FeminisathinteVarthamaanam(Malayalam version of NiveditaMenon’sSeeing like a Feminist, Penguin, N Delhi), SahityaPravarthakaSahakaranaSangham, 2017.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   Translation of SatishDeshpande’s India: A Sociological View  AkamePottiyaKettukalkkappuram: Indian FeminisathinteVarthamaanam(Malayalam version of NiveditaMenon’sSeeing like a Feminist, Penguin, N Delhi), SahityaPravarthakaSahakaranaSangham, 2017.
Revised:  Translation of SatishDeshpande’s India: A Sociological View ) AkamePottiyaKettukalkkappuram: Indian FeminisathinteVarthamaanam(Malayalam version of NiveditaMenon’sSeeing like a Feminist, Penguin, N Delhi), SahityaPravarthakaSahakaranaSangham, 2017.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Swarga, English translation of Ambikasuthan Mangad's Enmakaje <ref "swa"> :Published by Juggernaut Books ( (ISBN13: 9789386228215)
Revised:  Swarga, English translation of Ambikasuthan Mangad's Enmakaje :Published by Juggernaut Books ( (ISBN13: 9789386228215)
Edit intent: coherence
Original: The Norwegian Sami Parliament hosted the event.
Revised: The Sami Parliament of Norway hosted the event.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He is the first Tanzanian MP with albinism  .
Revised:  He is the first Tanzanian MP with albinism to be elected to parliament .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The journal publishes research articles, reviews, minireviews , and commentaries.
Revised:  The journal publishes research articles, reviews, minireviews and commentaries.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 6.34.
Revised:  Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: 
Edit intent: coherence
Original: The Drug Quality and Security Act () is a bill that would modify the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to grant the Food and Drug Administration more authority to regulate and monitor the manufacturing of compounded drugs.
Revised: The Drug Quality and Security Act () is a law that amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to grant the Food and Drug Administration more authority to regulate and monitor the manufacturing of compounded drugs.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Provisions of the bill The bill would modify the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to grant the Food and Drug Administration more authority to regulate and monitor the manufacturing of compounded drugs.
Revised:  Provisions of the bill The law amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to grant the Food and Drug Administration more authority to regulate and monitor the manufacturing of compounded drugs.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The bill would establish annual registration requirement for any outsourcing facility.
Revised:  The bill establishes annual registration requirement for any outsourcing facility.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The bill would require the Secretary to: (1) publish a list of drugs presenting demonstrable difficulties for compounding that are reasonably likely to lead to an adverse effect on the safety or effectiveness of the drug, taking into account the risk and benefits to patients;
Revised:  The bill require the Secretary to: (1) publish a list of drugs presenting demonstrable difficulties for compounding that are reasonably likely to lead to an adverse effect on the safety or effectiveness of the drug, taking into account the risk and benefits to patients;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The bill would also require the Secretary to assess an annual establishment fee on each outsourcing facility and a reinspection fee, as necessary.
Revised:  The bill also require the Secretary to assess an annual establishment fee on each outsourcing facility and a reinspection fee, as necessary.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Majority Leader Harry Reid criticized this move, insisting that the Drug Quality and Security Act was more important  to finish.
Revised:  Majority Leader Harry Reid criticized this move, insisting that the Drug Quality and Security Act was more importan to finish.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Majority Leader Harry Reid criticized this move, insisting that the Drug Quality and Security Act was more important  to finish.
Revised:  Majority Leader Harry Reid criticized this move, insisting that the Drug Quality and Security Act was more important ot to finish.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Reid also vowed not to "let one senator dictate what goes on here in the Senate."  [] 
Revised:  Reid also vowed not to "let one senator dictate what goes on here in the Senate." pi [] 
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Reid also vowed not to "let one senator dictate what goes on here in the Senate."  [] 
Revised:  Reid also vowed not to "let one senator dictate what goes on here in the Senate." p[] 
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Reid also vowed not to "let one senator dictate what goes on here in the Senate."  [] 
Revised:  Reid also vowed not to "let one senator dictate what goes on here in the Senate." []p 
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Title I: Drug Compounding Title I of the Drug Quality and Security Act, the Compounding Quality Act, would amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) with respect to the regulation of compounding drugs.
Revised: Title I: Drug Compounding Title I of the Drug Quality and Security Act, the Compounding Quality Act, amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) with respect to the regulation of compounding drugs.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The bill would exempt compounded drugs from new drug requirements, labeling requirements, and track and trace requirements  if the drug is compounded by or under the direct supervision of a licensed pharmacist in a  registered outsourcing facility and meets applicable requirements.
Revised:  The bill exempts compounded drugs from new drug requirements, labeling requirements, and track and trace requirements if the drug is compounded by or under the direct supervision of a licensed pharmacist in a registered outsourcing facility and meets applicable requirements.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The bill would exempt compounded drugs from new drug requirements, labeling requirements, and track and trace requirements  if the drug is compounded by or under the direct supervision of a licensed pharmacist in a  registered outsourcing facility and meets applicable requirements.
Revised:  The bill would exempt compounded drugs from new drug requirements, labeling requirements, and track and trace requirements if the drug is compounded by or under the direct supervision of a licensed pharmacist in a pharmacy or in a registered outsourcing facility and meets applicable requirements.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:   The bill also require the Secretary to assess an annual establishment fee on each outsourcing facilityand a reinspection fee, as necessary.
Revised:  C Act. The bill also require the Secretary to assess an annual establishment fee on each outsourcing facilityand a reinspection fee, as necessary.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The bill would revise compounding pharmacy requirements to remove prohibitions on advertising and promotion by compounding pharmacies and remove requirement that prescriptions filled by a compounding pharmacy be unsolicited.
Revised:  The bill may also revise compounding pharmacy requirements to remove prohibitions on advertising and promotion by compounding pharmacies and remove requirement that prescriptions filled by a compounding pharmacy be unsolicited.
Edit intent: clarity