wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  By applying such approach on an existing CPI model, the modified version, with our proposed Protein Transformer as its protein learning module, has a significant improvement in the prediction performance . Practical tips for training Protein Transformer are also provided .
Revised:  By applying such approach on an existing CPI model, has shown a significant improvement in the prediction performance . Practical tips for training Protein Transformer are also provided .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Recently, the strain-smoothed element (SSE) method has been developed for the finite element analysis of solids and shells .
Revised: Recently, the strain-smoothed element (SSE) method .
Edit intent: coherence
Original: This paper is devoted to a rigorous mathematical foundation for  convergence properties of the strain-smoothed element (SSE) method.
Revised: This paper is devoted to a rigorous mathematical foundation for the convergence properties of the strain-smoothed element (SSE) method.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Although the SSE method has been verified to show improved convergence behaviors compared to other strain smoothing methods in various numerical examples  , there has been no theoretical evidence for the convergence behavior.
Revised:  The SSE method has been verified to show improved convergence behaviors compared to other strain smoothing methods in various numerical examples , there has been no theoretical evidence for the convergence behavior.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Although the SSE method has been verified to show improved convergence behaviors compared to other strain smoothing methods in various numerical examples  , there has been no theoretical evidence for the convergence behavior.
Revised:  Although the SSE method has demonstrated improved convergence behaviors compared to other strain smoothing methods in various numerical examples , there has been no theoretical evidence for the convergence behavior.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Although the SSE method has been verified to show improved convergence behaviors compared to other strain smoothing methods in various numerical examples  , there has been no theoretical evidence for the convergence behavior.
Revised:  Although the SSE method has been verified to show improved convergence behaviors compared to other strain smoothing methods through various numerical examples , there has been no theoretical evidence for the convergence behavior.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Although the SSE method has been verified to show improved convergence behaviors compared to other strain smoothing methods in various numerical examples  , there has been no theoretical evidence for the convergence behavior.
Revised:  Although the SSE method has been verified to show improved convergence behaviors compared to other strain smoothing methods in various numerical examples ; however , there has been no theoretical evidence for the convergence behavior.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Due to the feature, it requires a convergence analysis different from other existing strain smoothing methods.
Revised:  Owing to this feature, convergence analysis is required, which is different from other existing strain smoothing methods.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In this paper, we first propose a novel mixed variational principle in which the SSE method can be interpreted as a Galerkin approximation of that.
Revised:  In this paper, we first propose a novel mixed variational principle wherein the SSE method can be interpreted as a Galerkin approximation of that.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  With a unified view to the SSE method and other existing ones through the proposed variational principle, we analyze the convergence behavior of the SSE method and explain the reason for  improved performance compared to others.
Revised:  With a unified view of the SSE method and other existing ones through the proposed variational principle, we analyze the convergence behavior of the SSE method and explain the reason for improved performance compared to others.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  With a unified view to the SSE method and other existing ones through the proposed variational principle, we analyze the convergence behavior of the SSE method and explain the reason for  improved performance compared to others.
Revised:  With a unified view to the SSE method and other existing methods through the proposed variational principle, we analyze the convergence behavior of the SSE method and explain the reason for improved performance compared to others.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  With a unified view to the SSE method and other existing ones through the proposed variational principle, we analyze the convergence behavior of the SSE method and explain the reason for  improved performance compared to others.
Revised:  With a unified view to the SSE method and other existing ones through the proposed variational principle, we analyze the convergence behavior of the SSE method and explain the reason for the improved performance compared to others.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Numerical experiments that support our theoretical results are presented .
Revised:  Numerical experiments that support our theoretical results .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  we show how these can be handled efficiently in a concrete algorithm modelled on Liu and Smolka's linear time fixpoint algorithm.
Revised:  we show how these can be handled efficiently in a concrete algorithm modelled on Liu and Smolka's linear-time fixpoint algorithm.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Data dependent triangulations are triangulations of point sets in the plane that are computed under consideration not only of the points' x- and y-coordinates but also of additional data (e.g. , elevation ).
Revised: Data dependent triangulations are triangulations of point sets that rely not only on 2D point positions but also on additional data (e.g. , elevation ).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In addition, we combine our approach of height-optimal triangulation with k-order Delaunay triangulation to stabilize the triangles geometrically.
Revised:  We combine our approach of height-optimal triangulation with k-order Delaunay triangulation to stabilize the triangles geometrically.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We consider these approaches particularly useful for reconstructing the historical evolution of a sea surface by combining tide-gauge measurements with data of modern satellite altimetry.
Revised:  We show that this approach is advantageous for the reconstruction of the sea surface by combining tide-gauge measurements with data of modern satellite altimetry.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We consider these approaches particularly useful for reconstructing the historical evolution of a sea surface by combining tide-gauge measurements with data of modern satellite altimetry.
Revised:  We consider these approaches particularly useful for reconstructing the historical evolution of a sea surface by combining tide gauge measurements with data of modern satellite altimetry.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   We also study a two-hierarchy model, where similar cooperation promotion is revealed and some theoretical analysis are provided.
Revised:  We also study a two-hierarchy model, where similar cooperation promotion is revealed and some theoretical analyses are provided.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Our finding implies that social hierarchy may be not that harmful to cooperation than previously thought .
Revised:  Our finding may partially explain why the social hierarchy is so ubiquitous on this planet .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We introduce a general framework for enforcing local or global inequality constraints in high-order time-stepping methods for a scalar hyperbolic conservation law.
Revised: We introduce a general framework for enforcing local or global inequality constraints in high-order space-time discretizations of a scalar hyperbolic conservation law.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The proposed methodology blends an arbitrary Runge-Kutta scheme and a bound-preserving (BP) first-order approximation using two kinds of limiting techniques.
Revised:  We begin with sufficient conditions for a space discretization to be bound preserving (BP) first-order approximation using two kinds of limiting techniques.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic, we introduce a mathematical description of the impact of sociality in the spread of infectious diseases by integrating an epidemiological dynamic with a kinetic modeling of population-based contacts.
Revised: We introduce a mathematical description of the impact of sociality in the spread of infectious diseases by integrating an epidemiological dynamic with a kinetic modeling of population-based contacts.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Explicit calculations show that the spread of the disease is closely related to the mean number of contacts, thus justifying the lockdown strategies assumed by governments to prevent them .
Revised:  Explicit calculations show that the spread of the disease is closely related to moments of the contact distribution .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation scheme is the basic building block of the physical layer of the Long Range (LoRa) communication technology.
Revised: The chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation scheme is employed by the physical layer of the Long Range (LoRa) communication technology.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we present some results from our investigation of CSS communications over fading channels whose gain may change within the duration of a LoRa frame.
Revised:  In this paper, we examine the performance of CSS over time-varying channels whose gain may change within the duration of a LoRa frame.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we present some results from our investigation of CSS communications over fading channels whose gain may change within the duration of a LoRa frame.
Revised:  In this paper, we present some results from our investigation of CSS communications over fading channels whose gain may change during the reception of a LoRa frame.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   Specifically, we investigate the effects of exponentially correlated Rayleigh fading on the frame-error rate of CSS . Our primary observation is that in certain fading environments , the robustness benefits of the larger spreading factors tend to disappear as the payload size grows.
Revised:  Specifically, we investigate the effects of exponentially correlated Rayleigh fading on the frame-error rate of CSS . Our primary observation is that over rapidly-varying channels , the robustness benefits of the larger spreading factors tend to disappear as the payload size grows.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This observation, which is contrary to the common perception that higher spreading factors necessarily provide lower frame-error rates , highlights the need to consider channel characteristics and payload sizes in allocating the spreading factor for reliable and energy-efficient LoRa communications.
Revised:  This observation, which is contrary to the common perception that higher spreading factors necessarily provide greater immunity against noise , highlights the need to consider channel characteristics and payload sizes in allocating the spreading factor for reliable and energy-efficient LoRa communications.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We investigated more than 14 thousands tweets and manually annotated the opinions of the tweet initiators regarding the use of "chloroquine" and "hydroxychloroquine" for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19.
Revised:  We investigated more than 14 thousand tweets and manually annotated the opinions of the tweet initiators regarding the use of "chloroquine" and "hydroxychloroquine" for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   We demonstrate that the ODML algorithm enables faster chemical equilibrium calculations by one to three orders of magnitude.
Revised:  We demonstrate that the ODML algorithm speeds up these calculations by one to three orders of magnitude.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This , in turn, significantly accelerates the entire reactive transport simulations .
Revised:  Such acceleration , in turn, significantly accelerates the entire reactive transport simulations .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This , in turn, significantly accelerates the entire reactive transport simulations .
Revised:  This , in turn, significantly accelerates the entire reactive transport simulation .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The numerical experiments are carried out using the coupling of two open-source software packages: Firedrake (Rathgeber, 2016) and Reaktoro (Leal, 2015 ).
Revised:  The numerical experiments are performed by implementing the coupling of two open-source software packages: Firedrake (Rathgeber, 2016) and Reaktoro (Leal, 2015 ).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The numerical experiments are carried out using the coupling of two open-source software packages: Firedrake (Rathgeber, 2016) and Reaktoro (Leal, 2015 ).
Revised:  The numerical experiments are carried out using the coupling of two open-source software packages: Reaktoro (Leal, 2015 ).
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  However, studies have shown that between 25 and 80%DIFDELCMD < \\%%% %DIF < of individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD) remain undiagnosed.
Revised:  However, studies have shown that between 25 and 80%DIFDELCMD < \\%%% %DIF < of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) remain undiagnosed.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this paper, we collect data from 726 unique subjects (262 PD and 464 Non-PD) uttering the "  quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog..
Revised:  In this paper, we collect data from 726 unique participants (262 PD and 464 Non-PD) uttering the " quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog..
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we collect data from 726 unique subjects (262 PD and 464 Non-PD) uttering the "  quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog..
Revised:  In this paper, we collect data from 726 unique subjects (262 PD and 464 Non-PD) uttering the " the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog..
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  .. " to conduct automated PD assessment .
Revised:  " to conduct automated PD assessment .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  .. " to conduct automated PD assessment .
Revised:  .. " .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We extracted both standard acoustic features and deep learning based embedding features from the speech data and trained several machine learning algorithms on them.
Revised:  We extracted both standard acoustic features and deep learning based features from the speech data and trained several machine learning algorithms on them.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We extracted both standard acoustic features and deep learning based embedding features from the speech data and trained several machine learning algorithms on them.
Revised:  We extracted both standard acoustic features and deep learning based embedding features from the speech data . Using these features, we trained several machine learning algorithms on them.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also provide explanation behind our model's decision and show that it is focusing mostly on the widely used MFCC features and a subset of dysphonia features previously used for detecting PD from verbal phonation task  .
Revised:  We also provide explanation behind our model's decision and show that it is focusing mostly on the widely used MFCC features and a subset of previously validated dysphonia features designed for detecting Parkinson's from verbal phonation task .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  These scores can guide the NMSoperation to filter out the boxes irrelevant to the expression, increasing the recall of critical objects, resulting in a significantly improved grounding performance.
Revised:  These scores can guide the NMS operation to filter out the boxes irrelevant to the expression, increasing the recall of critical objects, resulting in a significantly improved grounding performance.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Since Ref-NMS is agnostic to the grounding step, it can be easily integrated into any state-of-the-art two-stage method.
Revised:  Since Ref- NMS is agnostic to the grounding step, it can be easily integrated into any state-of-the-art two-stage method.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Except for sporadic-clustering at some spots, they become relatively far apart as the dimension of the ambient space grows.
Revised:  Except for sporadic clustering at some spots, they become relatively far apart as the dimension of the ambient space grows.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Incorporating a recently-developed application of integral operator theory in machine learning, we propose and study in the current article a new framework to analyze kernel interpolation of high dimensional data, which features bounding stochastic approximation error by a hybrid (discrete and continuous) K-functional tied to the spectrum of the underlying kernel matrix.
Revised:  Incorporating a recently-developed application of integral operator theory in machine learning, we propose and study in the current article a new framework to analyze kernel interpolation of high dimensional data, which features bounding stochastic approximation error by the spectrum of the underlying kernel matrix.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In recent years, probing methods have become an often considered \%important tool in this context, as they allow to replace the computation of f(A) or tr(f(A)) by the evaluation of (a small number of) quantities of the form f(A)v or v^Tf(A)v, respectively.
Revised:  In recent years, probing methods have become an often considered tool in this context, as they allow to replace the computation of f(A) or tr(f(A)) by the evaluation of (a small number of) quantities of the form f(A)v or v^Tf(A)v, respectively.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Erasure coding has been recently employed as a powerful method to mitigate delays due to slow or straggling nodes in distributed systems.
Revised: Erasure coding has been recognized as a powerful method to mitigate delays due to slow or straggling nodes in distributed systems.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this work , we show that erasure coding of data objects can flexibly handle skews in the request rates.
Revised:  This work shows that erasure coding of data objects can flexibly handle skews in the request rates.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Coding can help boost the service rate region , that is, increase the overall volume of data access requests that can be handled by the system .
Revised:  Coding can help boost the service rate region , that is, increase the overall volume of data access requests that can be handled by the system .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The goal of this paper is to postulate the service rate region as an important consideration in the design of erasure coded distributed systems.
Revised:  The goal of this paper is to postulate the service rate region as an important consideration in the design of erasure-coded distributed systems.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In terms of code design, we show the effectiveness of hybrid codes that combine replication and erasure coding , and also discover fundamental connections between multi-set batch codes and the problem of maximizing the service rate region.
Revised:  We show the effectiveness of hybrid codes that combine replication and erasure coding , and also discover fundamental connections between multi-set batch codes and the problem of maximizing the service rate region.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  On this basis, we show that through the interplay of the two network representations , it is possible to investigate which opinion groups on the platform primarily shape public opinion, and which ones remain silent to a disproportionate degree .
Revised:  Through the interplay of the two network representations , it is possible to investigate which opinion groups on the platform primarily shape public opinion, and which ones remain silent to a disproportionate degree .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  On this basis, we show that through the interplay of the two network representations , it is possible to investigate which opinion groups on the platform primarily shape public opinion, and which ones remain silent to a disproportionate degree .
Revised:  On this basis, we show that through the interplay of the two network representations , it is possible to investigate which opinion groups on the platform .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The method is employed to observe public debate about two events: The Saxon state elections and violent riots on New Year's Eve of 2019 in the city of Leipzig .
Revised:  The method is employed to observe public debate about two events: The Saxon state elections and violent riots in the city of Leipzig .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Users retweeting right to far-right parties and politicians are significantly more active, hence their positions are disproportionately visible.
Revised:  Users retweeting far-right parties and politicians are significantly more active, hence their positions are disproportionately visible.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  (ii) Said users direct their replies primarily to other opinion groups, hence act more confrontational , while the contrary is not the case.
Revised:  (ii) Said users act significantly more confrontational in the sense that they reply mostly to users from different groups , while the contrary is not the case.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It illustrates that cooperation can be a good thing even in a competitive world, that individual fitness need not be the most import criteria of success, and that some strategies are very strong in a direct confrontation but could still perform poorly on average or are evolutionary unstable.
Revised:  It illustrates that cooperation can be a good thing even in a competitive world, that individual fitness needs not to be the most import criteria of success, and that some strategies are very strong in a direct confrontation but could still perform poorly on average or are evolutionary unstable.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It illustrates that cooperation can be a good thing even in a competitive world, that individual fitness need not be the most import criteria of success, and that some strategies are very strong in a direct confrontation but could still perform poorly on average or are evolutionary unstable.
Revised:  It illustrates that cooperation can be a good thing even in a competitive world, that individual fitness need not be the most important criteria of success, and that some strategies are very strong in a direct confrontation but could still perform poorly on average or are evolutionary unstable.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It illustrates that cooperation can be a good thing even in a competitive world, that individual fitness need not be the most import criteria of success, and that some strategies are very strong in a direct confrontation but could still perform poorly on average or are evolutionary unstable.
Revised:  It illustrates that cooperation can be a good thing even in a competitive world, that individual fitness need not be the most import criteria of success, and that some strategies are very strong in a direct confrontation but could still perform poorly on average or are evolutionarily unstable.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this contribution, we present a strategy -- PREDICTOR -- which appears to be "sentient" and chooses to cooperate when playing against some strategies, but defects when playing against others, without the need to record "tags" for its opponents or an involved decision-making mechanism.
Revised:  In this contribution, we present a strategy -- PREDICTOR -- which appears to be "sentient" and chooses to cooperate when playing against some strategies, but defects when playing against others, without the need to record "tags" for its opponents or an involved decision-making mechanism.
Edit intent: fluency