wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  We test the hypothesis that this optimal leverage is attracted to 1, such that  leveraging an investment in the market portfolio cannot yield long-run outperformance.
Revised:  It was hypothesized that this optimal leverage is attracted to 1, such that leveraging an investment in the market portfolio cannot yield long-run outperformance.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We test the hypothesis that this optimal leverage is attracted to 1, such that  leveraging an investment in the market portfolio cannot yield long-run outperformance.
Revised:  We test the hypothesis that this optimal leverage is attracted to 1, such that , e.g., leveraging an investment in the market portfolio cannot yield long-run outperformance.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  This places a strong constraint on the stochastic properties of  traded assets, which we call "leverage efficiency."
Revised:  This places a strong constraint on the stochastic properties of prices of traded assets, which we call "leverage efficiency."
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that the resulting inhomogeneous replicator equation has an homogeneous equivalent with modified payoffs.
Revised:  The resulting inhomogeneous replicator equation has an homogeneous equivalent with modified payoffs.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We also show show how the affine terms influence the stochastic dynamics of a two-strategy Moran model of a finite population.
Revised:  The affine terms also influence the stochastic dynamics of a two-strategy Moran model of a finite population.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We then use of this novel description to study a model for tumor-normal cell interactions and show which are the most successful tumor strategies.
Revised:  We then use of this novel description to study a model for tumor-normal cell interactions to determine which are the most successful tumor strategies.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our findings highlight that for tumor growth, interaction with normal cells, in combination with an increased constant fitness  is the most effective way of establishing a population of tumor cells in a normal tissue.
Revised:  Our findings highlight that for tumor growth, interaction with normal cells, in combination with an increased constant fitness , is the most effective way of establishing a population of tumor cells in a normal tissue.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Our findings highlight that for tumor growth, interaction with normal cells, in combination with an increased constant fitness  is the most effective way of establishing a population of tumor cells in a normal tissue.
Revised:  Our findings highlight that for tumor growth, interaction with normal cells, in combination with an increased constant fitness is the most effective way of establishing a population of tumor cells in normal tissue.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Moreover, when increasing the mobility rate, different behaviors of mean extinction time are observed: (1) As the mobility rate exceeds a threshold that separates a species coexistence (quasi-)steady state from an absorbing state in the May--Leonard system, the mean extinction time as function of system size N crosses over from a functional form ~ e^(c N) / N (where c is a constant) ) to a linear dependence;
Revised:  Moreover, when increasing the mobility rate, different behaviors of mean extinction time are observed: (1) As the mobility rate exceeds a threshold that separates a species coexistence (quasi-)steady state from an absorbing state in the May--Leonard system, the mean extinction time as function of system size N crosses over from a functional form ~ e^(c N) / N (where c is a constant) to a linear dependence;
Edit intent: fluency
Original: We employ Monte Carlo simulations to numerically study the temporal evolution and transient oscillations of the population densities, the associated frequency power spectra, and the spatial correlation functions in the (quasi-)steady state of two-dimensional stochastic May--Leonard models , i. e., four-state three-species cyclic predator-prey models whose total particle number is not conserved.
Revised: We employ Monte Carlo simulations to numerically study the temporal evolution and transient oscillations of the population densities, the associated frequency power spectra, and the spatial correlation functions in the (quasi-)steady state in two-dimensional stochastic May--Leonard models , i. e., four-state three-species cyclic predator-prey models whose total particle number is not conserved.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We demonstrate that quenched disorder in either the reaction or in the mobility rates hardly impacts the dynamical evolution and the emergence and structure of spiral patterns  in this system , and also show that direct particle pair exchange processes advance the formation of regular spiral structures.
Revised:  We demonstrate that quenched disorder in either the reaction or in the mobility rates hardly impacts the dynamical evolution , the emergence and structure of spiral patterns in this system , and also show that direct particle pair exchange processes advance the formation of regular spiral structures.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We demonstrate that quenched disorder in either the reaction or in the mobility rates hardly impacts the dynamical evolution and the emergence and structure of spiral patterns  in this system , and also show that direct particle pair exchange processes advance the formation of regular spiral structures.
Revised:  We demonstrate that quenched disorder in either the reaction or in the mobility rates hardly impacts the dynamical evolution and the emergence and structure of spiral patterns in this system . We also show that direct particle pair exchange processes advance the formation of regular spiral structures.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We demonstrate that quenched disorder in either the reaction or in the mobility rates hardly impacts the dynamical evolution and the emergence and structure of spiral patterns  in this system , and also show that direct particle pair exchange processes advance the formation of regular spiral structures.
Revised:  We demonstrate that quenched disorder in either the reaction or in the mobility rates hardly impacts the dynamical evolution and the emergence and structure of spiral patterns in this system , and also show that direct particle pair exchange processes promote the formation of regular spiral structures.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Moreover, when increasing the mobility rate, different behaviors of mean extinction time are observed : (1) As the mobility rate exceeds a threshold that separates a species coexistence (quasi-)steady state from an absorbing state in the May--Leonard system , the mean extinction time as function of system size N crosses over from a functional form ~ e ^(c N) / N (where c is a constant) to a linear dependence;
Revised:  Moreover, when increasing the mobility rate, different behaviors of mean extinction time are observed : (1) As the mobility rate exceeds a threshold that separates a species coexistence (quasi-)steady state from an absorbing state , the mean extinction time as function of system size N crosses over from a functional form ~ e ^(c N) / N (where c is a constant) to a linear dependence;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Moreover, when increasing the mobility rate, different behaviors of mean extinction time are observed : (1) As the mobility rate exceeds a threshold that separates a species coexistence (quasi-)steady state from an absorbing state in the May--Leonard system , the mean extinction time as function of system size N crosses over from a functional form ~ e ^(c N) / N (where c is a constant) to a linear dependence;
Revised:  Moreover, when increasing the mobility rate, different behaviors of mean extinction time are observed : (1) As the mobility rate exceeds a threshold that separates a species coexistence (quasi-)steady state from an absorbing state in the May--Leonard system , the mean extinction time as function of system size N crosses over from a functional form ~ e ^{cN / N (where c is a constant) to a linear dependence;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  While recent years have seen much work in the development of numerical methods for solving this equation, very little has been done on the implementation of the transport boundary conditions .
Revised:  While recent years have seen much work in the development of numerical methods for solving this equation, very little has been done on the implementation of the transport boundary condition .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We present a new discretization for the equation , which ] converges to the viscosity solution.
Revised:  We present a new discretization for the equation , which ]. This discretization provably converges to the viscosity solution.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  While it is now common belief that feature selection methods should output both accurate and stable signatures - at least at the functional level -, no study has focused on comparing algorithms in these regards .
Revised:  While it is now common belief that feature selection methods .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We study the migration of chemotactic wild type Escherichia coli populations in semi-solid (`soft' ) agar in the concentration range C = 0.15-0.5\% (w/v).
Revised: We study the migration of chemotactic wild-type Escherichia coli populations in semi-solid (`soft' ) agar in the concentration range C = 0.15-0.5\% (w/v).
Edit intent: fluency
Original: We study the migration of chemotactic wild type Escherichia coli populations in semi-solid (`soft' ) agar in the concentration range C = 0.15-0.5\% (w/v).
Revised: We study the migration of chemotactic wild type Escherichia coli populations in semisolid (soft ) agar in the concentration range C = 0.15-0.5\% (w/v).
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  For C < 0.35\%, expanding bacterial colonies display characteristic chemotactic `rings' . At C = 0.35\%, however, we observe broadband migration rather than rings.
Revised:  For C < 0.35\%, expanding bacterial colonies display characteristic chemotactic rings . At C = 0.35\%, however, we observe broadband migration rather than rings.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  For C = 0.4-0.5\%  expanding colonies do not span the depth of the agar and develop pronounced front instabilities.
Revised:  For C = 0.4-0.5\% , expanding colonies do not span the depth of the agar and develop pronounced front instabilities.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The rate of increase of the colony radius (front speed ) v_F, is weakly dependent of agar concentration below C = 0.25\%, but decreases sharply above this value.
Revised:  The migration front speed is weakly dependent of agar concentration below C = 0.25\%, but decreases sharply above this value.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We discuss these observations in terms of an extended Keller-Segel model for which we derived novel expressions for transport parameters accounting for perturbations of the chemotactic response by collisions with the agar.
Revised:  We discuss these observations in terms of an extended Keller-Segel model for which we derived novel transport parameter expressions accounting for perturbations of the chemotactic response by collisions with the agar.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The  observed front speed decay could be well fitted with the model in the range C = 0.15-0.35\%, and its solutions qualitatively reproduce the observed transition from chemotactic to growth/diffusion bands.
Revised:  The observed front speed decay in the range C = 0.15-0.35\%, and its solutions qualitatively reproduce the observed transition from chemotactic to growth/diffusion bands.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We discuss the implications of our results for microbiological chemotaxis assays and the study of bacteria in porous media  .
Revised:  We discuss the implications of our results for the study of bacteria in porous media .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Despite having previously suggested the use of ABC for model choice in a wider range of models in the DIY ABC software (Cornuet et al., 2008), we present theoretical evidence that the general use of ABC for model choice is fraught with danger in the sense that no amount of computation, however larger , can guarantee a proper approximation of the posterior probabilities of the models under comparison.
Revised:  Despite having previously suggested the use of ABC for model choice in a wider range of models in the DIY ABC software (Cornuet et al., 2008), we present theoretical evidence that the general use of ABC for model choice is fraught with danger in the sense that no amount of computation, however large , can guarantee a proper approximation of the posterior probabilities of the models under comparison.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: In classical Arthur-Merlin games (AM) , the class of languages whose membership proofs can be verified by Arthur using logarithmic space  coincides with the class P Co89.
Revised: In classical Arthur-Merlin games , the class of languages whose membership proofs can be verified by Arthur using logarithmic space coincides with the class P Co89.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We design a weighted random walk (WRW) algorithm that achieves high efficiency by preferentially crawling those nodes and edges that convey greater information regarding the target metric.
Revised:  We design a random walk on an appropriately defined weighted graph that achieves high efficiency by preferentially crawling those nodes and edges that convey greater information regarding the target metric.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our approach begins by employing the theory of stratification and importance sampling to find optimal node weights, for a given estimation problem, under an independence sampler.
Revised:  Our approach begins by employing the theory of stratification to find optimal node weights, for a given estimation problem, under an independence sampler.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  While optimal under independence sampling, these weights may be impractical or even unachievable via graph crawling , due to constraints arising from the structure of the graph.
Revised:  While optimal under independence sampling, these weights may be impractical under graph crawling due to constraints arising from the structure of the graph.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Therefore, the weights of WRW should be chosen so as to lead to an equilibrium distribution that strikes a balance between approximating the optimal weights under an independence sampler and achieving fast convergence.
Revised:  Therefore, the edge weights for our random walk should be chosen so as to lead to an equilibrium distribution that strikes a balance between approximating the optimal weights under an independence sampler and achieving fast convergence.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We propose an approach (stratified WRW , or S-WRW) that achieves this goal, while using only limited information about the graph structure and the node properties.
Revised:  We propose an approach (stratified weighted random walk , or S-WRW) that achieves this goal, while using only limited information about the graph structure and the node properties.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We evaluate our technique in simulation, and experimentally, by applying it to infer the "college friendship graph" of Facebook .
Revised:  We evaluate our technique in simulation, and experimentally, by collecting a sample of Facebook college users .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: To understand the effect of non-random mating on the genetic evolution of a population, we consider a finite population in which each individual is defined by a sequence of n diallelic loci.
Revised: To understand the effect of assortative mating on the genetic evolution of a population, we consider a finite population in which each individual is defined by a sequence of n diallelic loci.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: To understand the effect of non-random mating on the genetic evolution of a population, we consider a finite population in which each individual is defined by a sequence of n diallelic loci.
Revised: To understand the effect of non-random mating on the genetic evolution of a population, we consider a finite population in which each individual has a type, determined by a sequence of n diallelic loci.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  If mutation rates are strictly positive then the limiting diffusions are reversible and, under some assumptions, the critical points of the stationary density can be characterised.
Revised:  If mutation rates are strictly positive then the limiting diffusion is reversible and, under some assumptions, the critical points of the stationary density can be characterised.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The results are described and commented, sometimes in the light of history or linguistics .
Revised:  The results are described and commented, sometimes in the light of history or linguistic relationships .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  These promising results advocate for a better SNP overlap between studies and a more frequent use of cross-studies data confrontation  .
Revised:  These promising results suggest that cross-studies data confrontation .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  However, both BP and MP are originally designed for one-dimensional (1D) sparse signalrecovery , while many practical signals are two-dimensional (2D) , e.g. image, video, etc.
Revised:  However, both BP and MP are originally designed for one-dimensional (1D) signal , while many practical signals are two-dimensional (2D) , e.g. image, video, etc.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Multistability in biological systems is seen as a mechanism of cellular decision making.
Revised: Multistationarity in biological systems is seen as a mechanism of cellular decision making.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Multistability in biological systems is seen as a mechanism of cellular decision making.
Revised: Multistability in biological systems is a mechanism of cellular decision making.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper we determine  the emergence of multistationarity in small motifs  that repeatedly occur in signaling pathways.
Revised:  In this paper we determine conditions for the emergence of multistationarity in small motifs that repeatedly occur in signaling pathways.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The mathematical modeling is based on mass-action kinetics and the conclusions are derived in full generality without restoring to simulations or random generation of parameters  .
Revised:  The mathematical modeling is based on mass-action kinetics and the conclusions are drawn in full generality without restoring to simulations or random generation of parameters .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The mathematical modeling is based on mass-action kinetics and the conclusions are derived in full generality without restoring to simulations or random generation of parameters  .
Revised:  The mathematical modeling is based on mass-action kinetics and the conclusions are derived in full generality without resorting to simulations or random generation of parameters .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We propose and study a duplication-innovation-loss model of genome evolution taking into account biological roles of constituent genes .
Revised: We propose and study a duplication-innovation-loss model of genome evolution taking into account biological roles of genes and their constituent domains .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The model jointly reproduces two known empirical scaling laws: the scale-free distribution of family sizes and the nonlinear scaling of the number of genes in certain functional categories  with genome size.
Revised:  The model jointly reproduces two known empirical laws: the scale-free distribution of family sizes and the nonlinear scaling of the number of genes in certain functional categories with genome size.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In addition, it allows us to derive a novel relation between the exponents characterizing these two scaling laws  .
Revised:  In addition, it allows us to derive a novel relation between the exponents characterising these two scaling laws .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It predicts that functional categories that grow faster-than-linearly with genome size to be characterized by flatter-than-average family size distributions.
Revised:  It predicts that functional categories that grow faster-than-linearly with genome size to be characterised by flatter-than-average family size distributions.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This exponent relation is subsequently confirmed by our bioinformatics analysis of prokaryotic genomes  .
Revised:  This relation is confirmed by our bioinformatics analysis of prokaryotic genomes .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The Helly number of a family of sets  is the size of its largest inclusion-wise minimal sub-family with empty intersection.
Revised: The Helly number of a family of sets with empty intersection is the size of its largest inclusion-wise minimal sub-family with empty intersection.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  (In particular d _R^d = d).
Revised:  (In particular d _{R^d = d).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Our results show that the system achieve acceptable base performance, and that a number of applications benefit from the advanced search inherent to the EAM.
Revised:  Our results show that the system achieves acceptable base performance, and that a number of applications benefit from the advanced search inherent to the EAM.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: We present a general, completely data-driven method to predict the full topology of  complex oscillator networks with  a noisy environment in the presence of time-delayed coupling .
Revised: We present a general, completely data-driven method to predict the full topology of complex oscillator networks with time-delayed interactions in a noisy environment in the presence of time-delayed coupling .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In particular, we develop an analytic theory establishing that the dynamical correlation matrix,  constructed purely from measured time series, can be manipulated to yield both the network topology and the amount of time delay simultaneously.
Revised:  In particular, we develop an analytic theory establishing that the dynamical correlation matrix, which can be constructed purely from measured time series, can be manipulated to yield both the network topology and the amount of time delay simultaneously.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In particular, we develop an analytic theory establishing that the dynamical correlation matrix,  constructed purely from measured time series, can be manipulated to yield both the network topology and the amount of time delay simultaneously.
Revised:  In particular, we develop an analytic theory establishing that the dynamical correlation matrix, constructed purely from time series, can be manipulated to yield both the network topology and the amount of time delay simultaneously.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our method provides a viable solution to the network inverse problem in fields where predicting unknown, time-delay coupled complex networks of arbitrary topology is of broad interest .
Revised:  While our method provides a viable solution to the network inverse problem in fields where predicting unknown, time-delay coupled complex networks of arbitrary topology is of broad interest .
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Efforts to reconcile Hubbell's neutral theory with classical niche theory have been limited by the lack of a nested analytical framework in which departures from the neutral hypothesis might be quantified in fits to empirical data.
Revised: We demonstrate how niche theory and Hubbell's neutral theory with classical niche theory have been limited by the lack of a nested analytical framework in which departures from the neutral hypothesis might be quantified in fits to empirical data.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  With co-training,  TACOMA can be trained with a radically small training sample (e.g., with size 30).
Revised:  With co-training, TACOMA can be reduced substantially for a very small training sample (e.g., with size 30).
Edit intent: clarity