wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  In this study we develop a mathematical model of the immune system that incorporates both the innate and adaptive immune compartments, named the integrated immune branch (IIB) model , and investigate how immune behavior changes in response to a sequence of pathogen encounters  .
Revised:  In this study we develop a mathematical model of the immune system that incorporates both the innate and adaptive immune responses, namely the integrated immune branch (IIB) model , and investigate how immune behavior changes in response to a sequence of pathogen encounters .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The chronic inflammatory state of the IIB model is qualitatively consistent with "inflammaging , " a clinically-observed condition in which aged individuals experience chronic low-grade inflammation even in the absence of pathogens.
Revised:  The chronic inflammatory state of the IIB model is qualitatively consistent with "inflammaging " a clinically-observed condition in which aged individuals experience chronic low-grade inflammation even in the absence of pathogens.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The chronic inflammatory state of the IIB model is qualitatively consistent with "inflammaging , " a clinically-observed condition in which aged individuals experience chronic low-grade inflammation even in the absence of pathogens.
Revised:  The chronic inflammatory state of the IIB model is qualitatively consistent with "inflammaging , " , a condition observed in aged individuals who experience chronic low-grade inflammation even in the absence of pathogens.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  the timing of its onset differs drastically when the same set of infections occurs in a different order.
Revised:  the timing of onset differs drastically when the same set of infections occurs in a different order.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Lastly, the coupling between the two immune branches generates a trade-off between rapid pathogen clearance and a delayed onset of immunosenescence .
Revised:  Lastly, the coupling between the innate and adaptive immune branches generates a trade-off between rapid pathogen clearance and a delayed onset of immunosenescence .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The Variable Block Row (VBR) format is an influential blocked sparse matrix format designed to represent shared sparsity structure between adjacent rows and columns.
Revised: The Variable Block Row (VBR) format is an influential blocked sparse matrix format designed for matrices with shared sparsity structure between adjacent rows and columns.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  VBR consists of groups of adjacent rows and columns, storing the resulting blocks that contain nonzeros in a dense format.
Revised:  VBR groups adjacent rows and columns, storing the resulting blocks that contain nonzeros in a dense format.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The spread of COVID-19 has sparked racism , hate, and xenophobia in social media targeted at Chinese and broader Asian communities.
Revised: The spread of COVID-19 has sparked racism and hate on social media targeted at Chinese and broader Asian communities.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The spread of COVID-19 has sparked racism , hate, and xenophobia in social media targeted at Chinese and broader Asian communities.
Revised: The spread of COVID-19 has sparked racism , hate, and xenophobia in social media targeted towards Asian communities.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  By creating a novel hand-labeled dataset of 2,400 tweets, we train a text classifier to identify hate and counterhate tweets that achieves an average AUROC of 0.852.
Revised:  By creating a novel hand-labeled dataset of 2,400 tweets, we train a text classifier to identify hate and counterspeech tweets that achieves an average AUROC of 0.852.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Analysis of the social network reveals that hateful and counterhate users interact and engage extensively with one another, instead of living in isolated polarized communities.
Revised:  Analysis of the social network reveals that hateful and counterspeech users interact and engage extensively with one another, instead of living in isolated polarized communities.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Furthermore, we find that hate is contagious and nodes are highly likely to become hateful after being exposed to hateful content.
Revised:  We find that nodes were highly likely to become hateful after being exposed to hateful content.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Importantly, our analysis reveals that counterhate messages can discourage users from turning hateful in the first place.
Revised:  Notably, counterspeech messages may discourage users from turning hateful in the first place.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We relate the cohomology of the derived complex to that of the input complexes and show that the new complex has closed ranges, and, consequently, satisfies a Hodge decomposition, Poincar\'e type inequalities, well-posed Hodge-Laplacian boundary value problems, regular decomposition, and compactness properties on general Lipschitz domains.
Revised:  We relate the cohomology of the output complex to that of the input complexes and show that the new complex has closed ranges, and, consequently, satisfies a Hodge decomposition, Poincar\'e type inequalities, well-posed Hodge-Laplacian boundary value problems, regular decomposition, and compactness properties on general Lipschitz domains.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  These state estimates require a measurement of the recovered population, and are tolerant to low errors in that measurement.
Revised:  Given a noiseless measurement of the recovered population, and are tolerant to low errors in that measurement.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Finally, we employ the procedure using real data from Italy reported by Johns Hopkins.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We model this problem as a network population game, where every individual tries to find some network sites to visit or stay so that he/she can minimize all his/her  contacts.
Revised:  We model this problem as a network population game, where every individual tries to find some network sites to visit or stay so that he/she can minimize all his/her social contacts.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In the end, an optimal strategy can be found for every one, when the resulting distribution of the population over the network reaches an equilibrium.
Revised:  In the end, an optimal strategy can be found for every one, when the game reaches an equilibrium.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that a large class of equilibrium strategies can be obtained by selecting a set of network sites that forms a so-called maximal r-regular subnetwork.
Revised:  We show that a large class of equilibrium strategies can be obtained by selecting a set of social sites that forms a so-called maximal r-regular subnetwork.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Triangles of simple topological drawings can be viewed as convex sets , this gives a link to convex geometry.
Revised:  Triangles of simple topological drawings can be viewed as convex sets . This gives a link to convex geometry.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Finding the stationary states of a free energy functional is an essential topic in multicomponent material systems.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In this paper, we propose a class of efficient numerical algorithms to fast compute the stationary states of multicomponent phase field crystal model .
Revised:  In this paper, we compute the stationary states of multicomponent phase field crystal model .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  By using the block structure of multicomponent systems , we propose an adaptive block Bregman proximal gradient algorithm that updates each order parameter alternatively .
Revised:  By using the block structure of multicomponent systems , we propose a so-called adaptive block Bregman proximal gradient algorithm that updates each order parameter alternatively .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   The convergence property of the proposed algorithm is established without the requirement of global Lipschitz constant .
Revised:  The convergence property of the proposed method is established without the requirement of global Lipschitz constant .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The numerical results on computing stationary periodic crystals and quasicrystals in the multicomponent coupled-mode Swift-Hohenberg model have shown the significant acceleration over many existing methods.
Revised:  The numerical results on computing stationary periodic crystals and quasicrystals in the multicomponent coupled-mode Swift-Hohenberg models have shown a significant acceleration over many existing methods.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We negatively resolve this open problem by proving that any reasonable algorithmwill exhibit limit cycles or diverge to infinite losses in some differentiable game, even in two-player games with zero-sum interactions .
Revised:  We negatively resolve this open problem by proving that any reasonable algorithmwill exhibit limit cycles or diverge to infinite losses in some differentiable game, even in two-player game with zero-sum interactions .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The proof is constructive, enabling us to display explicit limit cycles for existing gradient-based methods . Nonetheless, it remains an open question whether cycles arise in high-dimensional games of interest to ML practitioners, such as GANs or multi-agent RL.
Revised:  The proof is constructive, enabling us to display explicit limit cycles for existing gradient-based methods . Nonetheless, it remains an open question whether such behavior can arise in high-dimensional games of interest to ML practitioners, such as GANs or multi-agent RL.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We work on dynamic problems with collected data \{x_i\} that distributed on a manifold M\subsetR^p^n \subset M that probe the unknown manifold M} . Through the diffusion map, we first learn the reaction coordinates \{y_i\} \subset N^n\subset N corresponding to \{x_i\}_{i=1}^n, } where N is a manifold isometrically embedded into an Euclidean space R^\ell for and isometrically embedded in \mathbb{R}^\ell with } \ell \ll p.
Revised: We study the Langevin dynamics of a physical system with manifold structure M\subsetR^p based on collected sample points \{x_i\} that distributed on a manifold M\subsetR^p^n \subset M that probe the unknown manifold M} . Through the diffusion map, we first learn the reaction coordinates \{y_i\} \subset N^n\subset N corresponding to \{x_i\}_{i=1}^n, } where N is a manifold isometrically embedded into an Euclidean space R^\ell for and isometrically embedded in \mathbb{R}^\ell with } \ell \ll p.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We work on dynamic problems with collected data \{x_i\} that distributed on a manifold M\subsetR^p^n \subset M that probe the unknown manifold M} . Through the diffusion map, we first learn the reaction coordinates \{y_i\} \subset N^n\subset N corresponding to \{x_i\}_{i=1}^n, } where N is a manifold isometrically embedded into an Euclidean space R^\ell for and isometrically embedded in \mathbb{R}^\ell with } \ell \ll p.
Revised: We work on dynamic problems with collected data \{x_i\} _{i=1^n \subset M that probe the unknown manifold M} . Through the diffusion map, we first learn the reaction coordinates \{y_i\} \subset N^n\subset N corresponding to \{x_i\}_{i=1}^n, } where N is a manifold isometrically embedded into an Euclidean space R^\ell for and isometrically embedded in \mathbb{R}^\ell with } \ell \ll p.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Inspired by this, we propose a brain-like heterogeneous network (BHN)  which can cooperatively learn distributed representations, like the cortex, and a global contextual representation, like the medial temporal lobe(MTL) . By optimizing a distributed, self-supervised  and gradient-isolated contrastive loss function in a discriminative adversarial fashion, our model successfully learns to extract useful representationsfrom video data.
Revised:  Inspired by this, we propose a brain-like heterogeneous network (BHN) , which can cooperatively learn distributed representations, like the cortex, and a global contextual representation, like the medial temporal lobe(MTL) . By optimizing a distributed, self-supervised and gradient-isolated contrastive loss function in a discriminative adversarial fashion, our model successfully learns to extract useful representationsfrom video data.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Inspired by this, we propose a brain-like heterogeneous network (BHN)  which can cooperatively learn distributed representations, like the cortex, and a global contextual representation, like the medial temporal lobe(MTL) . By optimizing a distributed, self-supervised  and gradient-isolated contrastive loss function in a discriminative adversarial fashion, our model successfully learns to extract useful representationsfrom video data.
Revised:  Inspired by this, we propose a brain-like heterogeneous network (BHN) which can cooperatively learn a lot of distributed representations and one global attention representation . By optimizing a distributed, self-supervised and gradient-isolated contrastive loss function in a discriminative adversarial fashion, our model successfully learns to extract useful representationsfrom video data.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Inspired by this, we propose a brain-like heterogeneous network (BHN)  which can cooperatively learn distributed representations, like the cortex, and a global contextual representation, like the medial temporal lobe(MTL) . By optimizing a distributed, self-supervised  and gradient-isolated contrastive loss function in a discriminative adversarial fashion, our model successfully learns to extract useful representationsfrom video data.
Revised:  Inspired by this, we propose a brain-like heterogeneous network (BHN) which can cooperatively learn distributed representations, like the cortex, and a global contextual representation, like the medial temporal lobe(MTL) . By optimizing distributed, self-supervised and gradient-isolated contrastive loss function in a discriminative adversarial fashion, our model successfully learns to extract useful representationsfrom video data.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Inspired by this, we propose a brain-like heterogeneous network (BHN)  which can cooperatively learn distributed representations, like the cortex, and a global contextual representation, like the medial temporal lobe(MTL) . By optimizing a distributed, self-supervised  and gradient-isolated contrastive loss function in a discriminative adversarial fashion, our model successfully learns to extract useful representationsfrom video data.
Revised:  Inspired by this, we propose a brain-like heterogeneous network (BHN) which can cooperatively learn distributed representations, like the cortex, and a global contextual representation, like the medial temporal lobe(MTL) . By optimizing a distributed, self-supervised , and gradient-isolated contrastive loss function in a discriminative adversarial fashion, our model successfully learns to extract useful representationsfrom video data.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Inspired by this, we propose a brain-like heterogeneous network (BHN)  which can cooperatively learn distributed representations, like the cortex, and a global contextual representation, like the medial temporal lobe(MTL) . By optimizing a distributed, self-supervised  and gradient-isolated contrastive loss function in a discriminative adversarial fashion, our model successfully learns to extract useful representationsfrom video data.
Revised:  Inspired by this, we propose a brain-like heterogeneous network (BHN) which can cooperatively learn distributed representations, like the cortex, and a global contextual representation, like the medial temporal lobe(MTL) . By optimizing a distributed, self-supervised and gradient-isolated objective functions in a minimax fashion, our model successfully learns to extract useful representationsfrom video data.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Popular unigrams included "virus," "lockdown," and "quarantine."
Revised:  Popular unigrams include "virus," "lockdown," and "quarantine."
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Popular bigrams included "COVID-19," "stay home," "corona virus," "social distancing," and "new cases."
Revised:  Popular bigrams include "COVID-19," "stay home," "corona virus," "social distancing," and "new cases."
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  " The dominant sentiments for the spread of coronavirus were anticipation that measures that can be taken, followed by a mixed feeling of trust, anger, and fear for different topics.
Revised:  " The dominant sentiments for the spread of coronavirus are anticipation that measures that can be taken, followed by a mixed feeling of trust, anger, and fear for different topics.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The public revealed a significant feeling of fear when they discussed the coronavirus new cases and deaths  .
Revised:  The public reveals a significant feeling of fear when they discussed the coronavirus new cases and deaths .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The public revealed a significant feeling of fear when they discussed the coronavirus new cases and deaths  .
Revised:  The public revealed a significant feeling of fear when they discuss the coronavirus new cases and deaths .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Group-In collects %DIFDELCMD < {\em %%% only wireless traces from the Bluetooth-enabled mobile devices for group inference.
Revised:  Group-In collects %DIFDELCMD < {\em %%% only wireless traces from the Bluetooth-enabled mobile devices for group inference.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We apply these techniques to a control model taking systolic blood pressure and thoracic tissue pressure data as inputs , predicting heart rate in response to the Valsalva maneuver (VM).
Revised:  We apply these techniques to a control model that takes systolic blood pressure and thoracic tissue pressure data as inputs , predicting heart rate in response to the Valsalva maneuver (VM).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We apply these techniques to a control model taking systolic blood pressure and thoracic tissue pressure data as inputs , predicting heart rate in response to the Valsalva maneuver (VM).
Revised:  We apply these techniques to a control model taking systolic blood pressure and thoracic tissue pressure data as inputs and predicts heart rate in response to the Valsalva maneuver (VM).
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The study compares four GSA methods based on Sobol' indices (SIs) quantifying  parameter influence on the difference between the model output and the heart rate data.
Revised:  The study compares four GSA methods based on Sobol' indices (SIs) quantifying the parameter influence on the difference between the model output and the heart rate data.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It can be interpreted as a generalization of the absolute error to probabilistic forecasts and allows for a simple decomposition into a measure of sharpness and penalties for over- and underprediction.
Revised:  It can be interpreted as a generalization of the absolute error to probabilistic forecasts and allows for a decomposition into a measure of sharpness and penalties for over- and underprediction.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This is also the case for the forecasts collected in the COVID-19 Forecast Hub URL Forecast evaluation metrics like the logarithmic score, which has been applied in several infectious disease forecasting challenges, are then not available as they require full predictive distributions.
Revised:  This is also the case for the forecasts collected in the COVID-19 Forecast Hub URL Forecast evaluation metrics like the logarithmic score, which has been applied in several infectious disease forecasting challenges, are then not available as they require full predictive distributions.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We further mitigate the 24-hour data exposure of infected individuals and reduce computational time for identifying if a user has been exposed using k-Anonymity buckets of hashes and Private Set Intersection  .
Revised:  We further mitigate the 24-hour data exposure of infected individuals and reduce computational time for identifying if a user has been exposed using k-Anonymous buckets of hashes and Private Set Intersection .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: During the last decades, our view of cities has been deeply transformed by new approaches combining engineering and complexity sciences.
Revised: During the last decades, the study of cities has been deeply transformed by new approaches combining engineering and complexity sciences.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: During the last decades, our view of cities has been deeply transformed by new approaches combining engineering and complexity sciences.
Revised: During the last decades, our view of cities has been transformed by new approaches combining engineering and complexity sciences.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Network theory is playing a central role, facilitating the quantitative analysis of crucial urban dynamics, such as mobility, city growth or urban organization .
Revised:  Network theory is playing a central role, facilitating the quantitative analysis of crucial urban dynamics, such as mobility, city growth or urban planning .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this framework, betweenness, a well-known centrality measure, represents a fundamental tool, standing out as a proxy of traffic density and congestion , among others .
Revised:  In this framework, betweenness, a well-known centrality measure, represents a fundamental tool, standing out as a proxy of traffic density and congestion .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We observe the emergence of several congestion regimes, with abrupt transitions betwenn them, related to the entanglement of arterial and urban local roads.
Revised:  We observe the emergence of several congestion regimes, with abrupt transitions between them, related to the entanglement of arterial and urban local roads.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The existence of these transitions is corroborated in a large amount of real city networks, thus representing an important step towards the understanding and optimization of traffic dynamics over coupled transportation networks.
Revised:  The existence of these transitions is corroborated in a large amount of real city networks, thus representing an important step towards the understanding and optimization of traffic dynamics over coupled road networks.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Analyzing a large amount of real city networks, we show that most cities present a set of congestion regimes , separated by abrupt transitions.
Revised:  Analyzing a large amount of real city networks, we show that most cities present a set of congestion regimes separated by abrupt transitions.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: In this work we tackle disentanglement of speaker and content related variations in speech signals.
Revised: In this work we address disentanglement of style and content in speech signals.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We propose a fully convolutional variational autoencoder employing two encoders: a content encoder and a speaker encoder.
Revised:  We propose a fully convolutional variational autoencoder employing two encoders: a content encoder and a style encoder.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To foster disentanglement  we propose adversarial contrastive predictive coding.
Revised:  To foster disentanglement , we propose adversarial contrastive predictive coding.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  One major uncertainty is how many or what percentage of people have been infected ?
Revised:  A fundamental uncertainty is how many or what percentage of people have been infected ?
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  One major uncertainty is how many or what percentage of people have been infected ?
Revised:  One major uncertainty is how many or what percentage of people have been infected .
Edit intent: fluency