wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  During the early years of his reign, the empire was threatened with incursions from its neighbors, the Taureg in the north and the Kwararafa in the south.
Revised:  During the early years of his reign, the empire was threatened with incursions from its neighbors, the Tuareg in the north and the Kwararafa in the south.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He is remembered for his piety, constructing four mosques and making three Hadj pilgrimages to Mecca.
Revised:  He is remembered for his piety, constructing four mosques and making three Hajj pilgrimages to Mecca.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   The Sahara and the Central Sudan . in The Cambridge History of Africa: From C 1600 to C 179.
Revised:  " The Sahara and the Central Sudan . in The Cambridge History of Africa: From C 1600 to C 179.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   The Sahara and the Central Sudan . in The Cambridge History of Africa: From C 1600 to C 179.
Revised:  The Sahara and the Central Sudan " in The Cambridge History of Africa: From C 1600 to C 179.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Ali Gazi was a prominent ruler of the Bornu Empire and is sometimes reckoned with as one of the most successful rulers of Bornu . Prior to his reign, the Sefuwa ruling house had split into two ruling branches.
Revised: Ali Gazi was a ruler of the Bornu Empire and is sometimes reckoned with as one of the most successful rulers of Bornu . Prior to his reign, the Sefuwa ruling house had split into two ruling branches.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Ali Gazi was a prominent ruler of the Bornu Empire and is sometimes reckoned with as one of the most successful rulers of Bornu . Prior to his reign, the Sefuwa ruling house had split into two ruling branches.
Revised: Ali Gazi was a prominent ruler of the Bornu Empire . Prior to his reign, the Sefuwa ruling house had split into two ruling branches.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The result were palace intrigues and internal strife.
Revised:  The result was palace intrigues and internal strife.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He later took on the Bulala nomads  who had driven out his people from Kanem and defeated them .
Revised:  He later took on the Bulala nomads , who had driven out his people from Kanem and defeated them .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He also founded a new capital at Birni Gazargamu. 
Revised:  He also founded a new capital at Birni Gazargamu. Reference
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He also founded a new capital at Birni Gazargamu.
Revised:  He also founded a new capital at Birnin Gazargamu.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Salih Yucel's research at Boston University shows that prayer has a positive impact on Muslim patient URL
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Parts of the four  gospels in the New Testament say that Jesus cured physical ailments well outside the capacity of first-century medicine.
Revised: Parts of the four canonical gospels in the New Testament say that Jesus cured physical ailments well outside the capacity of first-century medicine.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Nearly all scientists dismiss  faith healing as pseudoscience.
Revised: Nearly all scientists dismiss the practice of faith healing as pseudoscience.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A 2011 article in the New Scientist magazine cited positive physical results from meditation, positive thinking and spiritual faith Jo Marchant, Heal Thyself, New Scientist, 27 August 2011, pp. 33–36.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Although a 2011 article in the New Scientist magazine cited positive physical results from meditation, positive thinking and spiritual faith, Jo Marchant, Heal Thyself, New Scientist, 27 August 2011, pp. 33–36. nearly all scientists dismiss the practice of faith healing as pseudoscience.
Revised: Nearly all scientists dismiss the practice of faith healing as pseudoscience.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Although a 2011 article in the New Scientist magazine cited positive physical results from meditation, positive thinking and spiritual faith, Jo Marchant, Heal Thyself, New Scientist, 27 August 2011, pp. 33–36. nearly all scientists dismiss the practice of faith healing as pseudoscience.
Revised: Although a 2011 article in the New Scientist magazine cited positive physical results from meditation, positive thinking and spiritual faith, Jo Marchant, Heal Thyself, New Scientist, 27 August 2011, pp. 33–36. nearly all scientists dismiss faith healing as pseudoscience.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Category:Information ministers of Ghana Category:Government ministers of Ghana Category:Ghanaian soldiers Category: Ghana army personnel Category: Executed military personnel Category:Leaders ousted by a coup Category:Ghanaian sportsperson-politicians Category:Executed Ghanaian people Category:People executed by Ghana by firing squad Category:Ga-Adangbe people Category:Ghana Chief of Army Sta
Revised: Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Category:Information ministers of Ghana Category:Government ministers of Ghana Category:Ghanaian soldiers Category: Executed military personnel Category:Leaders ousted by a coup Category:Ghanaian sportsperson-politicians Category:Executed Ghanaian people Category:People executed by Ghana by firing squad Category:Ga-Adangbe people Category:Ghana Chief of Army Sta
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Further, continuing the assault on the Safawa ruling dynast 
Revised:  Further, continuing the assault on the Safawa ruling dynasty. 
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Further, continuing the assault on the Safawa ruling dynast 
Revised:  Further, continuing the assault on the Safawa ruling dynast Category:History of Chad Category:Kings of Chad Category:Kings of Niger
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Emerging opposition Ibrahim's father, and previous ruler of Bornu, had called on El-Kanemi, an Islamic Scholar and Warrior, to help him fight against the Fulani's and their leader Goni Mukhtar.
Revised: Life Ibrahim's father, and previous ruler of Bornu, had called on El-Kanemi, an Islamic Scholar and Warrior, to help him fight against the Fulani's and their leader Goni Mukhtar.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In the process, El-Kanemi grew powerful and was a threat to the Sefawa ruling house which had produced Ibrahim and his father, Dunama  . Dunama was later killed in a failed putsch to murder El-Kanemi.
Revised:  In the process, El-Kanemi grew powerful and was a threat to the ruling Sefawa dynasty which had produced Ibrahim and his father, Dunama . Dunama was later killed in a failed putsch to murder El-Kanemi.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  When El Kanemi died in 1837, he was succeeded by his son, Umar.
Revised:  When El-Kanemi died in 1837, he was succeeded by his son, Umar.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Further, continuing the assault on the Safawa ruling dynasty.
Revised:  Further, continuing the assault on the Safawa dynasty.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Life Ibrahim's father, and previous ruler of Bornu, had called on  El-Kanemi, an Islamic Scholar and Warrior , to help him fight against the Fulani's and their leader Goni Mukhtar.
Revised: Life Ibrahim's father, and previous ruler of Bornu, had called on El-Kanemi, an Islamic scholar and warrior , to help him fight against the Fulani's and their leader Goni Mukhtar.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Life Ibrahim's father, and previous ruler of Bornu, had called on  El-Kanemi, an Islamic Scholar and Warrior , to help him fight against the Fulani's and their leader Goni Mukhtar.
Revised: Life Ibrahim's father, and previous ruler of Bornu, had called on El-Kanemi, an Islamic Scholar and Warrior , to help him fight against the Fulanis and their leader Goni Mukhtar.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The two were able to push back the Fulani's from much of Bornu.
Revised:  The two were able to push back the Fulanis from much of Bornu.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  His second biggest battle was against the Iban of Saribas and Skrang reion led by Linggi "Mali Lebu" at the battle of Beting Maru.
Revised:  His second biggest battle was against the Iban of Saribas and Skrang region led by Linggi "Mali Lebu" at the battle of Beting Maru.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  These genealogies (tusuts) are essentially records of who married and begat whom.
Revised:  These genealogies (tusuts) are essentially records of who married who and whom begat whom.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Sometimes a name is accompanied by a short description, a praise-name (ensumbar) . Some of the songs of the Iban people's oral history (such as the ritual pengap chant, sung during festivals) are mythological or historical accounts composing of major or key events or famous names.
Revised:  Sometimes a name is accompanied by a short description, a praise-name (ensumbar) . Some of the songs of the Iban people's oral history (such as the ritual pengap chant, sung during festivals) are mythological or historical accounts composing of key events, major milestones or famous names.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It was because of these that the newly arrived James Brooke found that he could easily get the support of the Sebuyau, Undup and Balau Dayaks in his warfare against the Saribas and Skrang and later on against the Kanowit and Ulu URL  Brunei refused to join the formation of Malaysia and got its independence in 1984 from the British.
Revised:  It was because of these that the newly arrived James Brooke found that he could easily get the support of the Sebuyau, Undup and Balau Dayaks in his warfare against the Saribas and Skrang and later on against the Kanowit and Ulu URL 
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Two more occasions after this but still long before the intra-tribal wars , men from the Saribas who had become involved in quarrels in their own home rivers fled to the Sebuyau settlements.
Revised:  Two more occasions that led to the intra-tribal wars , men from the Saribas who had become involved in quarrels in their own home rivers fled to the Sebuyau settlements.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Both sides agreed to settle the dispute over a diving (kelam ai) contest which Sana and Anal said that Senabong lost but he disagreed.
Revised:  Both sides agreed to settle the dispute over a diving (kelam ai) contest which Sana and Anal claimed that Senabong had lost but he disagreed.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Senabong people  migrated to Telong Semerang from which they first sent a war party back to their old home to fight against Sana and Anal.
Revised:  Senabong people then migrated to Telong Semerang from which they first sent a war party back to their old home to fight against Sana and Anal.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  This effect is found in denervated heart preparations, such as the Starling Preparation, and as such, represents an intrinsic autoregulation mechanism.
Revised:  This effect is found in denervated heart preparations, such as the Starling Preparation, and represents an intrinsic autoregulation mechanism.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The Anrep effect is named after Russian physiologist Gleb von Anrep, who described it in 1912.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Sustained myocardial stretch activates tension dependent Na+/H+ exchangers, bringing Na+ ions into the sarcolemma.
Revised:  Sustained myocardial stretch activates tension-dependent Na+/H+ exchangers, bringing Na+ ions into the sarcolemma.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This increase in Na+ in the sarcolemma  reduces the Na+ gradient exploited by sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX)  and stops them from working effectively.
Revised:  This increase in Na+ in the sarcolemma , reduces the Na+ gradient exploited by sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) and stops them from working effectively.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This increase in Na+ in the sarcolemma  reduces the Na+ gradient exploited by sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX)  and stops them from working effectively.
Revised:  This increase in Na+ in the sarcolemma reduces the Na+ gradient exploited by sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) , and stops them from working effectively.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Ca2+ ions accumulate inside the sarcolemma as a result and are uptaken by sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps.
Revised:  Ca2+ ions accumulate inside the sarcolemma as a result , and are taken up by sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: The Ukit is a tribe found in Sarawak, Malaysia.
Revised: The bukit' is a tribe found in Sarawak, Malaysia.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Bibliography O'Hanlon Redmond (1985): Into The Heart of Borneo  . Pp. 143–4, 171-183.
Revised:  Bibliography O'Hanlon Redmond (1985): Into The Heart of Borneo '' . Pp. 143–4, 171-183.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: “ The Ukits are generally supposed to be the wildest specimens of the human race yet met with in Borneo.
Revised:  The Ukits are generally supposed to be the wildest specimens of the human race yet met with in Borneo.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  ” Bibliography O'Hanlon Redmond (1985): Into The Heart of Borneo.
Revised:  Bibliography O'Hanlon Redmond (1985): Into The Heart of Borneo.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Pp. 143–4, 171-183.
Revised:  Pp. 143–4, 171–183.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Intermarriages with other tribes is also another factor for their decreasing population.
Revised:  Intermarriage with other tribes is also another factor for their decreasing population.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: A Spanish edition of the book, titled Nicaragua Traicionada '' , was also published.
Revised: A Spanish edition of the book, titled Nicaragua Traicionada , was also published.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Notes Category:History of Nicaragua Category:1980 books Category:Political autobiographies Category:Somoza fami
Revised:  Category:History of Nicaragua Category:1980 books Category:Political autobiographies Category:Somoza fami
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Notes Category:History of Nicaragua Category:1980 books Category:Political autobiographies Category:Somoza fami
Revised:  Notes Note
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Nicaragua Betrayed, published  in 1980, is the memoir of former Nicaraguan president Anastasio Somoza Debayle (as told to Jack Cox), who had been toppled the previous year by the Sandinista insurgency.
Revised: Nicaragua Betrayed, published in 1980, is the memoir of former President of Nicaragua Anastasio Somoza Debayle (as told to Jack Cox), who had been toppled the previous year by the Sandinista insurgency.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Anastasio Somoza and Jack Cox , Nicaragua Betrayed, p. 405
Revised:  Anastasio Somoza and Jack Cox . Nicaragua Betrayed, p. 405
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Anastasio Somoza| Somoza, Anastasio and Jack Cox.
Revised:  Somoza, Anastasio and Jack Cox.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: René Highway (1954–1990) was an Aboriginal  dancer and actor of Cree descent from Brochet, Manitoba.
Revised: René Highway (1954–1990) was an Aboriginal Canadian dancer and actor of Cree descent from Brochet, Manitoba.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: René Highway (1954 –1990) was an Aboriginal Canadian dancer and actor of Cree descent from Brochet, Manitoba.
Revised: René Highway (1954 nd was an Aboriginal Canadian dancer and actor of Cree descent from Brochet, Manitoba.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Highway studied dance at the Toronto Dance Theatre, Denmark's Tukak Theatre , and at the Native Canadian Centre in Toronto.
Revised:  Highway studied dance at the Toronto Dance Theatre, at the in Denmark , and at the Native Canadian Centre in Toronto.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  New Dance' in Native American and Indigenous Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1 (2016), pp. 1-23 , available at:
Revised:  New Dance' in Native American and Indigenous Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1 (2016), pp. 1–23 , available at:
Edit intent: fluency
Original: 1990 deaths Category:First Nations male actors Category:Canadian male stage actors Category:First Nations dancers Category:Gay actors Category:AIDS-related deaths in Canada Category:People from Northern Region, Manitoba Category:Cree people Category:LGBT entertainers from Canada Category:Male actors from Saskatchewan Category:LGBT dancers Category:LGBT First Nations people Category:20th-century Canadian male actors Category:Male actors from Manitoba Category:20th-century Canadian dance
Revised: 1990 deaths Category:First Nations male actors Category:Canadian male stage actors Category:First Nations dancers Category:Gay actors Category:AIDS-related deaths in Canada Category:People from Northern Region, Manitoba Category:Cree people Category:LGBT entertainers from Canada Category:Male actors from Saskatchewan Category:LGBT dancers Category:LGBT First Nations people Category:20th-century Canadian male actors Category:Male actors from Manitoba Category:20th-century Canadian dancers Category:20th-century LGBT peop
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  A combined British-Canadian force of 6,000 finally trapped a group of approximately 5,000 Boer soldiers and some civilians, under Piet Cronje , in a bend of the Modder River near Kimberley, having advanced from south of the Modder River on the 11th.
Revised:  A combined British-Canadian force of 6,000 finally trapped a group of approximately 5,000 Boer soldiers and some civilians, under Piet Cronjé , in a bend of the Modder River near Kimberley, having advanced from south of the Modder River on the 11th.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   It occurred on the first day of the Battle of Paardeberg.
Revised:  Background It occurred on the first day of the Battle of Paardeberg.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  His Nair consort was given gifts and presents and special allowances from the Travancore government in recognition of his services to the state while his own descendants were bestowed with the honorific title of Dalawa.
Revised:  His Nair wife was given gifts and presents and special allowances from the Travancore government in recognition of his services to the state while his own descendants were bestowed with the honorific title of Dalawa.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  After the death of his wife, Ramayyan married a Malayala Kshatriya Nair lady from Mavelikkara of the Edassery family (PGN Unnithan a member of this family later became the last Dewan of Travancore in 1947) .
Revised:  After the death of his wife, Ramayyan married a Malayala Kshatriya Nair lady from Mavelikkara of the Edassery family .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Ramayyan Dalawa See also Dewan Marthanda Varma Travancore PGN Unnithan Mavelikara Marthandavarma  (novel)
Revised:  Ramayyan Dalawa See also Dewan Marthanda Varma Travancore PGN Unnithan Mavelikara Marthandavarma '' (novel)
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Ramayyan Dalawa See also Dewan Marthanda Varma Travancore PGN Unnithan Mavelikara Marthandavarma '' (novel)
Revised:  Ramayyan Dalawa See also Dewan Marthanda Varma Travancore PGN Unnithan Mavelikara Marthandavarma (novel)
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Raúl Roa García ( April 18 , 1907 – July 6, 1982) was a Cuban intellectual, politician and diplomat.
Revised: Raúl Roa García ( 18 , 1907 – July 6, 1982) was a Cuban intellectual, politician and diplomat.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Raúl Roa García ( April 18 , 1907 – July 6, 1982) was a Cuban intellectual, politician and diplomat.
Revised: Raúl Roa García ( April 18 April 19076 July 1982) was a Cuban intellectual, politician and diplomat.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Jorth et al. identified 9 sRNA by northern blotting from computer predicted candidates in strain VT1169 and 202 sRNA by RNA seq in strain 624.
Revised:  Jorth et al. identified 9 sRNA by Northern blotting from computer predicted candidates in strain VT1169 and 202 sRNA by RNA seq in strain 624.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  A systematic screen by RNA-seq  in HK1651 strain and RT-PCR, which is a clinical isolate from an aggressive periodontitis patient  , quantified 70 sRNAs and  identified 17 differentially expressed  during growth phases.
Revised:  A systematic screen by RNA-seq and RT-PCR in HK1651 strain and RT-PCR, which is a clinical isolate from an aggressive periodontitis patient , quantified 70 sRNAs and identified 17 differentially expressed during growth phases.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  A systematic screen by RNA-seq  in HK1651 strain and RT-PCR, which is a clinical isolate from an aggressive periodontitis patient  , quantified 70 sRNAs and  identified 17 differentially expressed  during growth phases.
Revised:  A systematic screen by RNA-seq in HK1651 strain ( a clinical isolate from an aggressive periodontitis patient , quantified 70 sRNAs and identified 17 differentially expressed during growth phases.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  A systematic screen by RNA-seq  in HK1651 strain and RT-PCR, which is a clinical isolate from an aggressive periodontitis patient  , quantified 70 sRNAs and  identified 17 differentially expressed  during growth phases.
Revised:  A systematic screen by RNA-seq in HK1651 strain and RT-PCR, which is a clinical isolate from an aggressive periodontitis patient ) , quantified 70 sRNAs and identified 17 differentially expressed during growth phases.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  A systematic screen by RNA-seq  in HK1651 strain and RT-PCR, which is a clinical isolate from an aggressive periodontitis patient  , quantified 70 sRNAs and  identified 17 differentially expressed  during growth phases.
Revised:  A systematic screen by RNA-seq in HK1651 strain and RT-PCR, which is a clinical isolate from an aggressive periodontitis patient , quantified 70 sRNAs and identified 17 differentially expressed sRNAs during growth phases.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This study confirmed the presence of one of previously identified Fur regulated sRNAs JA04 identified in strain HK1651 . See also Oral microbiology Periodontitis List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% References External links Type strain of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at BacDive -
Revised:  This study confirmed the presence of one of previously identified Fur regulated sRNAs JA04 identified in strain HK1651 See also Oral microbiology Periodontitis List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% References External links Type strain of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at BacDive -
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This study confirmed the presence of one of previously identified Fur regulated sRNAs JA04 identified in strain HK1651 . See also Oral microbiology Periodontitis List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% References External links Type strain of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at BacDive -
Revised:  This study confirmed the presence of one of previously identified Fur regulated sRNAs JA04 identified in strain HK1651 . %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% References External links Type strain of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at BacDive -
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  This study confirmed the presence of one of previously identified Fur regulated sRNAs JA04 identified in strain HK1651 . See also Oral microbiology Periodontitis List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% References External links Type strain of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at BacDive -
Revised:  This study confirmed the presence of one of previously identified Fur regulated sRNAs JA04 identified in strain HK1651 . See also Oral microbiology Periodontitis List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% External links Type strain of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at BacDive -
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  of the b subset, clone Jp2 is particularly leukotoxic URL c strain ATCC 33384, low leukotoxin expression serotypes d, e, f, g within each serotype, leukotoxin expression can be highly variable between strains
Revised:  of the b subset, clone Jp2 is particularly leukotoxic c strain ATCC 33384, low leukotoxin expression serotypes d, e, f, g within each serotype, leukotoxin expression can be highly variable between strains
Edit intent: clarity