wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  (FOOTNOTE 9) In 1910 Yin Chang was recalled to China to take up the position of acting President of the Board of War (陸軍部尚書).
Revised:  In 1910 Yin Chang was recalled to China to take up the position of acting President of the Board of War (陸軍部尚書).
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  He also took on the responsibility of special envoy between the small court at the palace and the Beiyang Republic (Footnote 10 ) . In December 1912 Yin Chang was reinstated a full general while also serving as Military Chief of Staff to President Yuan Shih Kai (總統府軍事處處長).
Revised:  He also took on the responsibility of special envoy between the small court at the palace and the Beiyang Republic . In December 1912 Yin Chang was reinstated a full general while also serving as Military Chief of Staff to President Yuan Shih Kai (總統府軍事處處長).
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Journal of the American Asiatic Association, Vol. 12, 1912 Yin Chang, following the cautionary example of other officials of the Empire, felt the need to purchase property in German controlled Tsingtau in 1913 (footnote 11).
Revised: Journal of the American Asiatic Association, Vol. 12, 1912 Yin Chang, following the cautionary example of other officials of the Empire, felt the need to purchase property in German controlled Tsingtau in 1913.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In May 1915, Yuan Shih Kai abandoned the national anthem promulgated by Sun Yat-Sen, and launched a new national anthem for the Republic of China, “China stands heroically in the universe….”(1915-1921) the lyrics by general Yin Chang, music by Wang Lu. (Footnote 12 ) In these years, Yuan Shih Kai bestowed his seventh daughter, the beautiful Yuan-Fu Zhen, on Yin Chang’s son, Yin Tie-Ge also known as Yin Chang, thus forming an alliance (footnote 13) .
Revised:  In May 1915, Yuan Shih Kai abandoned the national anthem promulgated by Sun Yat-Sen, and launched a new national anthem for the Republic of China, “China stands heroically in the universe….”(1915-1921) the lyrics by general Yin Chang, music by Wang Lu. In these years, Yuan Shih Kai bestowed his seventh daughter, the beautiful Yuan-Fu Zhen, on Yin Chang’s son, Yin Tie-Ge also known as Yin Chang, thus forming an alliance (footnote 13) .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  (Footnote 14 ) By December 1917, Yin Chang was reinstated Chief of the General Staff for the Republic.
Revised:  By December 1917, Yin Chang was reinstated Chief of the General Staff for the Republic.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  At the reception after the ceremony, speaking as a private citizen, Yin Chang (as a Manchu) reaffirmed his loyalty to Pu Yi. (footnote 15).
Revised:  At the reception after the ceremony, speaking as a private citizen, Yin Chang (as a Manchu) reaffirmed his loyalty to Pu Yi. 
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  He died in Beijing in 1928. (footnote 16)
Revised:  He died in Beijing in 1928. 
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  As all of Yin Chang’s efforts to dissuade him proved futile, and Yuan Shih Kai declared himself Emperor in August 1915, “Change and Reaction: Resistance, Change, New Talent.
Revised:  “Change and Reaction: Resistance, Change, New Talent.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In 1910 Yin Chang became the Chief of Staff of all the Army divisions stationed in the vicinity of Beijing (訓練近畿陸軍各鎮大臣).
Revised:  1910 Yin Chang became the Chief of Staff of all the Army divisions stationed in the vicinity of Beijing (訓練近畿陸軍各鎮大臣).
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Then the sudden death of the Emperor Guangxu on November 14th , followed by the death of the Dowager Empress Cixi on the 15th, and the subsequent investiture of Zaifeng, Prince Qing as Regent, Yin Chang could not proceed to his post until Spring 1909.
Revised:  Then the sudden death of the Emperor Guangxu on November 14 , followed by the death of the Dowager Empress Cixi on the 15th, and the subsequent investiture of Zaifeng, Prince Qing as Regent, Yin Chang could not proceed to his post until Spring 1909.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Empowered by its charter to acquire, govern and develop the area north of the Transvaal in southern Africa, the Company, headed by Cecil Rhodes, raised its own armed forces and carved out a huge bloc of territory through treaties, concessions and occasional military action, most prominently overcoming the Matabele army in the First and Second Matabele Wars of the 1890s . By the turn of the century, Rhodes's Company held a vast, land-locked country, bisected by the Zambezi river.
Revised:  Empowered by its charter to acquire, govern and develop the area north of the Transvaal in southern Africa, the Company, headed by Cecil Rhodes, raised its own armed forces and carved out a huge bloc of territory through treaties, concessions and occasional military action, most prominently overcoming the powerful Matabele's army in the First and Second Matabele Wars of the 1890s . By the turn of the century, Rhodes's Company held a vast, land-locked country, bisected by the Zambezi river.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He officially named this land Rhodesia in 1895, and ran it until the early 1920s.
Revised:  It officially named this land Rhodesia in 1895, and ran it until the early 1920s.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The Company forcibly put down this uprising during 1897, and afterwards took significant steps to demilitarize the tribal population and improve relations with the local chiefs.
Revised:  The Company forcibly put down this uprising during 1897, and afterwards took significant steps to demilitarise the tribal population and improve relations with the local chiefs.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The overall centres of Company administration was Salisbury, which was also the Southern Rhodesian capital.
Revised:  The overall centre of Company administration was Salisbury, which was also the Southern Rhodesian capital.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: ]] Chief among the endeavors pursued by the Company during its early years were the construction of railroads and telegraph wires across the territory it governed.
Revised: ]] Chief among the endeavours pursued by the Company during its early years were the construction of railroads and telegraph wires across the territory it governed.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  their construction was largely subsidized by the Company.
Revised:  their construction was largely subsidised by the Company.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  the gauges between Beira and Salisbury were regularized the following year.
Revised:  the gauges between Beira and Salisbury were regularised the following year.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  As part of this drive it reorganized the geographical distribution of native reserve areas, moving the reserves and often reducing them in size where the land was of particularly high quality.
Revised:  As part of this drive it reorganised the geographical distribution of native reserve areas, moving the reserves and often reducing them in size where the land was of particularly high quality.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This was run directly by the Company until 1896, when it was reorganized into an independent entity called the British South Africa Police (BSAP).
Revised:  This was run directly by the Company until 1896, when it was reorganised into an independent entity called the British South Africa Police (BSAP).
Edit intent: fluency
Original: ]] With its fledgling White population largely characterized by youth, hardiness and Imperial patriotism, Southern Rhodesia proved a bountiful source of volunteers during the First World War, in which about 40\% of Southern Rhodesian White males of service age fought.
Revised: ]] With its fledgling White population largely characterised by youth, hardiness and Imperial patriotism, Southern Rhodesia proved a bountiful source of volunteers during the First World War, in which about 40\% of Southern Rhodesian White males of service age fought.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Organizers expected that most Black volunteers would come from the Matabele people, famous for its martial tradition, and therefore originally named the unit the "Matabele Regiment";
Revised:  Organisers expected that most Black volunteers would come from the Matabele people, famous for its martial tradition, and therefore originally named the unit the "Matabele Regiment";
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The future administration of Northern Rhodesia, a proposition of little economic viability without its southern counterpart, was a burden the Company now endeavored to rid itself of.
Revised:  The future administration of Northern Rhodesia, a proposition of little economic viability without its southern counterpart, was a burden the Company now endeavoured to rid itself of.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This techniques relies on an atomic force microscope (AFM).
Revised:  This technique relies on the use of an atomic force microscope (AFM).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  A. Ducker, T. J. Senden, R. M. Pashley , Nature 353 (1991)  239-241. and Butt.H. J. Butt, Biophys.
Revised:  A. Ducker, T. J. Senden, R. M. Pashley (1991) 239-241. and Butt.H. J. Butt, Biophys.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  A. Ducker, T. J. Senden, R. M. Pashley , Nature 353 (1991)  239-241. and Butt.H. J. Butt, Biophys.
Revised:  A. Ducker, T. J. Senden, R. M. Pashley , Nature 353 (1991) . Nature 353: 239-241. and Butt.H. J. Butt, Biophys.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  H. J. Butt, B. Cappella, M. Kappl , Surf. Sci. Rep. 59 (2005) 1-152. J. Ralston, I. Larson, M. W: Rutland, A. A. Feiler, M. Kleijn , Pure Appl.
Revised:  H. J. Butt, B. Cappella, M. Kappl (2005). Surf. Sci. Rep. 59 (2005) 1-152. J. Ralston, I. Larson, M. W: Rutland, A. A. Feiler, M. Kleijn , Pure Appl.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  H. J. Butt, B. Cappella, M. Kappl , Surf. Sci. Rep. 59 (2005) 1-152. J. Ralston, I. Larson, M. W: Rutland, A. A. Feiler, M. Kleijn , Pure Appl.
Revised:  H. J. Butt, B. Cappella, M. Kappl , Surf. Sci. Rep. 59 : 1-152. J. Ralston, I. Larson, M. W: Rutland, A. A. Feiler, M. Kleijn , Pure Appl.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  H. J. Butt, B. Cappella, M. Kappl , Surf. Sci. Rep. 59 (2005) 1-152. J. Ralston, I. Larson, M. W: Rutland, A. A. Feiler, M. Kleijn , Pure Appl.
Revised:  H. J. Butt, B. Cappella, M. Kappl , Surf. Sci. Rep. 59 (2005) 1-152. J. Ralston, I. Larson, M. W: Rutland, A. A. Feiler, M. Kleijn (2005). Pure Appl.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Chem. 77 (2005) 2149-2170.
Revised:  Chem. 77 : 2149-2170.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Sci. 179-182 (2012) 85-98.
Revised:  Sci. 179-182 : 85-98.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Purpose The possibility to measure forces involving particles and surfaces directly is essential since such forces are relevant in a variety  processes involving colloidal and polymeric systems.
Revised:  Purpose The possibility to measure forces involving particles and surfaces directly is essential since such forces are relevant in a variety of processes involving colloidal and polymeric systems.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Typical applications involve measurements of electrical double layers forces and the corresponding surface potentials or surface charge, van der Waals forces, or forces induced by adsorbed polymers.
Revised:  Typical applications involve measurements of electrical double layer forces and the corresponding surface potentials or surface charge, van der Waals forces, or forces induced by adsorbed polymers.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  See also Atomic force microscopy Colloid Electrical double layer Double layer forces Surface charge Surface forces Surface forces apparatus van der Waals force
Revised:  See also Surface forces
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  For this reason, techniques have been developed to measure the surface separation independently (e.g., total internal reflection microscopy, reflection interference contrast microscopy) .S. C. Clark, J. Y. Walz, W. A. Ducker, Langmuir 20 (2004) 7616-7622 .
Revised:  For this reason, techniques have been developed to measure the surface separation independently (e.g., total internal reflection microscopy, reflection interference contrast microscopy) .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  pinyin: Yǐn Chānghéng) ( July 11, 1884 - May 26, 1953) was a military personnel in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.
Revised:  pinyin: Yǐn Chānghéng) ( July 11, 1884 – May 26, 1953) was a military personnel in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  pinyin: Yǐn Chānghéng) ( July 11, 1884 - May 26, 1953) was a military personnel in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.
Revised:  pinyin: Yǐn Chānghéng) ( July 11, 1884 - May 26, 1953) was a military leader in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  His former name was Changyi (). Adult name was Shuo Quan ().
Revised:  His former name was Changyi (). Courtesy name was Shuo Quan ().
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Yin Changheng |220px Yin Changheng (;
Revised: Yin Changheng Yin Changheng (;
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Yin Changheng |220px Yin Changheng (;
Revised: Yin Changheng |220px (;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He was the first Military Governor of the Sichuan and one of the founders of the Sichuan Army (Sichuan Clique).
Revised:  He was the first Military Governor of Sichuan Province and one of the founders of the Sichuan Army (Sichuan Clique).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In next year he went to Japan where he entered the Tokyo Shinbu Military Academy (:ja:東京振武学校) by public money . Later he entered to Department of the Infantry in the 6th period, the Imperial Japanese Army Academy.
Revised:  In next year he went to Japan where he entered the Tokyo Shimbu Military Academy by public money . Later he entered to Department of the Infantry in the 6th period, the Imperial Japanese Army Academy.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In next year he went to Japan where he entered the Tokyo Shinbu Military Academy (:ja:東京振武学校) by public money . Later he entered to Department of the Infantry in the 6th period, the Imperial Japanese Army Academy.
Revised:  In next year he went to Japan where he entered the Tokyo Shinbu Military Academy (:ja:東京振武学校) by public money , and continued on to graduation from the Infantry School of the 6th period, the Imperial Japanese Army Academy.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In next year he went to Japan where he entered the Tokyo Shinbu Military Academy (:ja:東京振武学校) by public money . Later he entered to Department of the Infantry in the 6th period, the Imperial Japanese Army Academy.
Revised:  In next year he went to Japan where he entered the Tokyo Shinbu Military Academy (:ja:東京振武学校) by public money . Later he entered to Department of the Infantry in the 6th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  During his stay in Japan he approved the ideology of revolution, in 1906 he became a member of the Tongmenghui and subsequently he participated in the  Party of Blood-and-Iron Warriors  ().
Revised:  During his stay in Japan he approved the ideology of revolution, in 1906 he became a member of the Tongmenghui and subsequently he participated in the “ Party of Blood-and-Iron Warriors ().
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  During his stay in Japan he approved the ideology of revolution, in 1906 he became a member of the Tongmenghui and subsequently he participated in the  Party of Blood-and-Iron Warriors  ().
Revised:  During his stay in Japan he approved the ideology of revolution, in 1906 he became a member of the Tongmenghui and subsequently he participated in the Party of Blood-and-Iron Warriors ” ().
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In 1909 he went to Guangxi where he was appointed the head of the bureau of translation in the Guangxi Training Office () and the instructor of the Ground Staff College (). But in 1910 Qing authority suspected he was a member of the revolutionaries , so he resigned his post and went back to Sichuan.
Revised:  In 1909 he went to Guangxi where he was appointed the head of the bureau of translation in the Guangxi Training Office () and the instructor of the Ground Staff College (). But in 1910 Qing authorities suspected he was a member of the revolutionaries , so he resigned his post and went back to Sichuan.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: On 22 December Yin captured Zhao Erfeng and executed him because of the conspiracy of counterrevolution .
Revised: On 22 December Yin captured Zhao Erfeng and executed him because of the conspiracy of counter-revolution .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In 21 March same year both Government agreed merging with each other and established the new Sichuan Government.
Revised:  In 21 March same year both governments agreed to merge with each other and established the new Sichuan Government.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Yin stayed in the Military Governor and Zhang became the Vice Military Governor of the new Government . Chen (2000), pp.43-44.
Revised:  Yin remained as the Military Governor and Zhang became the Vice Military Governor of the new Government . Chen (2000), pp.43-44.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Yin stayed in the Military Governor and Zhang became the Vice Military Governor of the new Government . Chen (2000), pp.43-44.
Revised:  Yin stayed in the Military Governor and Zhang became the Vice Military Governor of the new government . Chen (2000), pp.43-44.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  At that time, the Tibetan Army which supported by  United Kingdom clashed with Sichuan Army at the border between Sichuan and Tibet.
Revised:  At that time, the Tibetan Army which supported by the United Kingdom clashed with Sichuan Army at the border between Sichuan and Tibet.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In 22 April same year Yin was appointed the Commander‐in‐Chief of Military for Subjugation Tibet () by Yuan Shikai.
Revised:  In 22 April same year Yin was appointed the Commander-in-Chief of the Military for the Subjugation of Tibet () by Yuan Shikai.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  On 10 July he went on a campaign to the frontier of Sichuan and defeated the Tibetan army .
Revised:  On 10 July he went on a campaign to the frontier of Sichuan and defeated the Tibetan Army .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Downfall and his later years After returning to Chengdu, Yin Changheng came into collision with his powerful subordinate which is the commander of an army corps of All Sichuang () Hu Jingyi () . Hu aspired to get Yin 's position that is the Military Governor of Sichuan and approached to Yuan Shikai.
Revised:  Downfall and his later years After returning to Chengdu, Yin Changheng came into collision with his powerful subordinate Hu Jingyi (), the commander of an army corps of All Sichuang () Hu Jingyi () . Hu aspired to get Yin 's position that is the Military Governor of Sichuan and approached to Yuan Shikai.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Downfall and his later years After returning to Chengdu, Yin Changheng came into collision with his powerful subordinate which is the commander of an army corps of All Sichuang () Hu Jingyi () . Hu aspired to get Yin 's position that is the Military Governor of Sichuan and approached to Yuan Shikai.
Revised:  Downfall and his later years After returning to Chengdu, Yin Changheng came into collision with his powerful subordinate which is the commander of an army corps of All Sichuang () . Hu aspired to get Yin 's position that is the Military Governor of Sichuan and approached to Yuan Shikai.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Downfall and his later years After returning to Chengdu, Yin Changheng came into collision with his powerful subordinate which is the commander of an army corps of All Sichuang () Hu Jingyi () . Hu aspired to get Yin 's position that is the Military Governor of Sichuan and approached to Yuan Shikai.
Revised:  Downfall and his later years After returning to Chengdu, Yin Changheng came into collision with his powerful subordinate which is the commander of an army corps of All Sichuang () Hu Jingyi () . Hu aspired to replace Yin as Military Governor of Sichuan and approached to Yuan Shikai.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Downfall and his later years After returning to Chengdu, Yin Changheng came into collision with his powerful subordinate which is the commander of an army corps of All Sichuang () Hu Jingyi () . Hu aspired to get Yin 's position that is the Military Governor of Sichuan and approached to Yuan Shikai.
Revised:  Downfall and his later years After returning to Chengdu, Yin Changheng came into collision with his powerful subordinate which is the commander of an army corps of All Sichuang () Hu Jingyi () . Hu aspired to get Yin 's position that is the Military Governor of Sichuan and approached Yuan Shikai.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In 13 June 1913 Yin was transferred to the Administrative Commander in the frontier of Sichuan (), and Hu succeeded  Yin's position.
Revised:  In 13 June 1913 Yin was transferred to become Administrative Commander in the frontier of Sichuan (), and Hu succeeded Yin's position.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In 13 June 1913 Yin was transferred to the Administrative Commander in the frontier of Sichuan (), and Hu succeeded  Yin's position.
Revised:  In 13 June 1913 Yin was transferred to the Administrative Commander in the frontier of Sichuan (), and Hu succeeded into Yin's position.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Yin lodged a protest to Yuan, but Yuan's decision wasn't change.
Revised:  Yin lodged a protest to Yuan, but Yuan's decision did not change.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  After the inauguration of new position , Yin Changheng lost his motivation , on November 1913 he went to Beijing because of sick leave.
Revised:  Having thus been sidelined , Yin Changheng lost his motivation , on November 1913 he went to Beijing because of sick leave.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  After the inauguration of new position , Yin Changheng lost his motivation , on November 1913 he went to Beijing because of sick leave.
Revised:  After the inauguration of new position , Yin Changheng lost motivation and on November 1913 he went to Beijing because of sick leave.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  After the inauguration of new position , Yin Changheng lost his motivation , on November 1913 he went to Beijing because of sick leave.
Revised:  After the inauguration of new position , Yin Changheng lost his motivation , on November 1913 went to Beijing because of sick leave.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  After the inauguration of new position , Yin Changheng lost his motivation , on November 1913 he went to Beijing because of sick leave.
Revised:  After the inauguration of new position , Yin Changheng lost his motivation , on November 1913 he went to Beijing on sick leave.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In 2 February same year Yin was arrested by the order of Yuan, and he was sentenced to 9 years' penal servitude because of the charge of the murder of Zhao Erfeng.
Revised:  In 2 February same year Yin was arrested by the order of Yuan, and he was sentenced to nine years' penal servitude because of the charge of the murder of Zhao Erfeng.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In 2 February same year Yin was arrested by the order of Yuan, and he was sentenced to 9 years' penal servitude because of the charge of the murder of Zhao Erfeng.
Revised:  In 2 February same year Yin was arrested by the order of Yuan, and he was sentenced to 9 years' penal servitude on the charge of the murder of Zhao Erfeng.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In 2 February same year Yin was arrested by the order of Yuan, and he was sentenced to 9 years' penal servitude because of the charge of the murder of Zhao Erfeng.
Revised:  In 2 February same year Yin was arrested by the order of Yuan, and he was sentenced to 9 years' penal servitude because of the charge of murdering Zhao Erfeng.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In June 1916 Yuan Shikai died, while Yin was set at liberty and regained his honor . Later he became the Adviser of the Military Governor of Jiangsu, Li Chun.
Revised:  In June 1916 Yuan Shikai died, and Yin was pardoned . Later he became the Adviser of the Military Governor of Jiangsu, Li Chun.
Edit intent: clarity