wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  It has become a challenge in theoretical physics to find minimal statistical models that capture these behaviours . Particle swarm optimization is another algorithm widely used to solve problems related to swarms.
Revised:  It has become a challenge in theoretical physics to find minimal statistical models that capture these behaviors . Particle swarm optimization is another algorithm widely used to solve problems related to swarms.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It was developed in 1995 by Kennedy and Eberhart and was first aimed at simulating the social behaviour and choreography of bird flocks and fish schools.
Revised:  It was developed in 1995 by Kennedy and Eberhart and was first aimed at simulating the social behavior and choreography of bird flocks and fish schools.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The particle swarm optimizer tracks the best local value obtained so far by any particle in the local neighbourhood .
Revised:  The particle swarm optimizer tracks the best local value obtained so far by any particle in the local neighborhood .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  At each time iteration, the particle swarm optimiser accelerates each particle toward its optimum locations according to simple mathematical rules.
Revised:  At each time iteration, the particle swarm optimizer accelerates each particle toward its optimum locations according to simple mathematical rules.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The algorithm shows how altruism in a swarm of entities can, over time, evolve and result in more effective swarm behaviour .
Revised:  The algorithm shows how altruism in a swarm of entities can, over time, evolve and result in more effective swarm behavior .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The earliest evidence of swarm behaviour in animals dates back about 480 million years.
Revised:  The earliest evidence of swarm behavior in animals dates back about 480 million years.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The findings suggest animal collective behaviour has very early evolutionary origins.
Revised:  The findings suggest animal collective behavior has very early evolutionary origins.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The behaviour of social insects (insects that live in colonies, such as ants, bees, wasps and termites) has always been a source of fascination for children, naturalists and artists.
Revised:  The behavior of social insects (insects that live in colonies, such as ants, bees, wasps and termites) has always been a source of fascination for children, naturalists and artists.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Yet put together, the cumulative effect of such behaviours can solve highly complex problems, such as locating the shortest route in a network of possible paths to a food source.
Revised:  Yet put together, the cumulative effect of such behaviors can solve highly complex problems, such as locating the shortest route in a network of possible paths to a food source.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The organised behaviour that emerges in this way is sometimes called swarm intelligence, a form of biological emergence.
Revised:  The organized behavior that emerges in this way is sometimes called swarm intelligence, a form of biological emergence.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Individual ants do not exhibit complex behaviours , yet a colony of ants collectively achieves complex tasks such as constructing nests, taking care of their young, building bridges and foraging for food.
Revised:  Individual ants do not exhibit complex behaviors , yet a colony of ants collectively achieves complex tasks such as constructing nests, taking care of their young, building bridges and foraging for food.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Several lineages have independently evolved the same basic behavioural and ecological syndrome, often referred to as "legionary behaviour ", and may be an example of convergent evolution.
Revised:  Several lineages have independently evolved the same basic behavioral and ecological syndrome, often referred to as "legionary behaviour ", and may be an example of convergent evolution.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Several lineages have independently evolved the same basic behavioural and ecological syndrome, often referred to as "legionary behaviour ", and may be an example of convergent evolution.
Revised:  Several lineages have independently evolved the same basic behavioural and ecological syndrome, often referred to as "legionary behavior ", and may be an example of convergent evolution.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Honey Bees Bees swarming on a tree In temperate climates, honey bees usually form swarms in late spring.
Revised:  Honeybees Bees swarming on a tree In temperate climates, honey bees usually form swarms in late spring.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Honey Bees Bees swarming on a tree In temperate climates, honey bees usually form swarms in late spring.
Revised:  Honey Bees Bees swarming on a tree In temperate climates, honeybees usually form swarms in late spring.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  When honey bees emerge from a hive to form a swarm, they may gather on a branch of a tree or on a bush only a few meters from the hive.
Revised:  When honeybees emerge from a hive to form a swarm, they may gather on a branch of a tree or on a bush only a few meters from the hive.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The bees cluster about the queen and send out 20 – 50 scouts to find suitable new nest locations.
Revised:  The bees cluster about the queen and send out 20 to 50 scouts to find suitable new nest locations.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  If they approve  they may promote it as well.
Revised:  If they approve , they may promote it as well.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  A new location is typically a kilometre or more from the original hive, though some species, e.g., Apis dorsata, may establish new colonies within as little as 500 meters from the natal nest.
Revised:  A new location is typically a mile or more from the original hive, though some species, e.g., Apis dorsata, may establish new colonies within as little as 500 meters from the natal nest.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A good hive site has to be large enough to accommodate the swarm (about 15 litres in volume), has to be well-protected from the elements, receive an optimal amount of sunshine, be some height above the ground, have a small entrance and be capable of resisting ant infestation - that is why tree cavities are often selected.
Revised:  A good hive site has to be large enough to accommodate the swarm (about 15 liters in volume), has to be well-protected from the elements, receive an optimal amount of sunshine, be some height above the ground, have a small entrance and be capable of resisting ant infestation - that is why tree cavities are often selected.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  ScienceDaily (Nov. 24, 2008) Non-social Insects Unlike social insects, swarms of non-social insects that have been studied primarily seem to function in contexts such as mating, feeding, predator avoidance, and migration.
Revised:  ScienceDaily (Nov. 24, 2008) Nonsocial insects Unlike social insects, swarms of non-social insects that have been studied primarily seem to function in contexts such as mating, feeding, predator avoidance, and migration.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  ScienceDaily (Nov. 24, 2008) Non-social Insects Unlike social insects, swarms of non-social insects that have been studied primarily seem to function in contexts such as mating, feeding, predator avoidance, and migration.
Revised:  ScienceDaily (Nov. 24, 2008) Non-social Insects Unlike social insects, swarms of nonsocial insects that have been studied primarily seem to function in contexts such as mating, feeding, predator avoidance, and migration.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Thus, groups of cockroaches can exhibit emergent behaviour , in which group or swarm behaviour emerges from a simple set of individual interactions.
Revised:  Thus, groups of cockroaches can exhibit emergent behavior , in which group or swarm behaviour emerges from a simple set of individual interactions.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Thus, groups of cockroaches can exhibit emergent behaviour , in which group or swarm behaviour emerges from a simple set of individual interactions.
Revised:  Thus, groups of cockroaches can exhibit emergent behaviour , in which group or swarm behavior emerges from a simple set of individual interactions.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  That means one million locusts can eat more than one ton of food each day, and the largest swarms can consume over 100,000 tonnes each day.
Revised:  That means one million locusts can eat more than one ton of food each day, and the largest swarms can consume over 100,000 tons each day.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Swarming in locusts has been found to be associated with increased levels of serotonin  which causes the locust to change colour , eat much more, become mutually attracted, and breed much more easily.
Revised:  Swarming in locusts has been found to be associated with increased levels of serotonin , which causes the locust to change colour , eat much more, become mutually attracted, and breed much more easily.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Swarming in locusts has been found to be associated with increased levels of serotonin  which causes the locust to change colour , eat much more, become mutually attracted, and breed much more easily.
Revised:  Swarming in locusts has been found to be associated with increased levels of serotonin which causes the locust to change color , eat much more, become mutually attracted, and breed much more easily.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Researchers propose that swarming behaviour is a response to overcrowding and studies have shown that increased tactile stimulation of the hind legs or, in some species, simply encountering other individuals causes an increase in levels of serotonin.
Revised:  Researchers propose that swarming behavior is a response to overcrowding and studies have shown that increased tactile stimulation of the hind legs or, in some species, simply encountering other individuals causes an increase in levels of serotonin.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Migratory Behavior [[File:Monarch flock.jpg|Cluster of monarch butterflies.
Revised:  Migratory behavior [[File:Monarch flock.jpg|Cluster of monarch butterflies.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The last generation of the summer enters into a non-reproductive phase known as diapause and may live seven months or more.
Revised:  The last generation of the summer enters into a nonreproductive phase known as diapause and may live seven months or more.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migratory species that remain in the tropics.
Revised:  This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related nonmigratory species that remain in the tropics.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Fish derive many benefits from shoaling behaviour including defence against predators (through better predator detection and by diluting the chance of capture), enhanced foraging success, and higher success in finding a mate.
Revised:  Fish derive many benefits from shoaling behavior including defence against predators (through better predator detection and by diluting the chance of capture), enhanced foraging success, and higher success in finding a mate.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Pitcher TJ and Parish JK (1993) "Functions of shoaling behaviour in teleosts" In: Pitcher TJ (ed) Behaviour of teleost fishes.
Revised: Pitcher TJ and Parish JK (1993) "Functions of shoaling behavior in teleosts" In: Pitcher TJ (ed) Behaviour of teleost fishes.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Generally they prefer larger shoals, shoalmates of their own species, shoalmates similar in size and appearance to themselves, healthy fish, and kin (when recognised ).
Revised:  Generally they prefer larger shoals, shoalmates of their own species, shoalmates similar in size and appearance to themselves, healthy fish, and kin (when recognized ).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The oddity effect would thus tend to homogenise shoals.
Revised:  The oddity effect would thus tend to homogenize shoals.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Other open questions of shoaling behaviour include identifying which individuals are responsible for the direction of shoal movement.
Revised:  Other open questions of shoaling behavior include identifying which individuals are responsible for the direction of shoal movement.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In the case of foraging behaviour , captive shoals of golden shiner (a kind of minnow) are led by a small number of experienced individuals who knew when and where food was available.
Revised:  In the case of foraging behavior , captive shoals of golden shiner (a kind of minnow) are led by a small number of experienced individuals who knew when and where food was available.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Some species form surface swarms during the day for feeding and reproductive purposes even though such behaviour is dangerous because it makes them extremely vulnerable to predators.
Revised:  Some species form surface swarms during the day for feeding and reproductive purposes even though such behavior is dangerous because it makes them extremely vulnerable to predators.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The algorithm is based on three main factors: " (i) movement induced by the presence of other individuals (ii) foraging activity, and (iii) random diffusion." [[File:Border Collie sheepdog trial.jpg|Sheep dogs (here a Border Collie) control the flocking behaviour of sheep.]] Bats swarming out of a cave in Thailand A collection of people can also exhibit swarm behaviour , such as pedestrians or soldiers swarming the parapets.
Revised:  The algorithm is based on three main factors: " (i) movement induced by the presence of other individuals (ii) foraging activity, and (iii) random diffusion." [[File:Border Collie sheepdog trial.jpg|Sheep dogs (here a Border Collie) control the flocking behavior of sheep.]] Bats swarming out of a cave in Thailand A collection of people can also exhibit swarm behaviour , such as pedestrians or soldiers swarming the parapets.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The algorithm is based on three main factors: " (i) movement induced by the presence of other individuals (ii) foraging activity, and (iii) random diffusion." [[File:Border Collie sheepdog trial.jpg|Sheep dogs (here a Border Collie) control the flocking behaviour of sheep.]] Bats swarming out of a cave in Thailand A collection of people can also exhibit swarm behaviour , such as pedestrians or soldiers swarming the parapets.
Revised:  The algorithm is based on three main factors: " (i) movement induced by the presence of other individuals (ii) foraging activity, and (iii) random diffusion." [[File:Border Collie sheepdog trial.jpg|Sheep dogs (here a Border Collie) control the flocking behaviour of sheep.]] Bats swarming out of a cave in Thailand A collection of people can also exhibit swarm behavior , such as pedestrians or soldiers swarming the parapets.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In Cologne, Germany, two biologists from the University of Leeds demonstrated flock like behaviour in humans.
Revised:  In Cologne, Germany, two biologists from the University of Leeds demonstrated flock like behavior in humans.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The group of people exhibited similar behavioural pattern to a flock, where if five percent of the flock changed direction the others would follow.
Revised:  The group of people exhibited similar behavioral pattern to a flock, where if five percent of the flock changed direction the others would follow.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The mathematical modelling of flocking behaviour is a common technology, and has found uses in animation.
Revised:  The mathematical modelling of flocking behavior is a common technology, and has found uses in animation.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  An ant-based computer simulation using only six interaction rules has also been used to evaluate aircraft boarding behaviour .
Revised:  An ant-based computer simulation using only six interaction rules has also been used to evaluate aircraft boarding behavior .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Swarm behaviour occurs also in traffic flow dynamics, such as the traffic wave.
Revised:  Swarm behavior occurs also in traffic flow dynamics, such as the traffic wave.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In recent years this behaviour has been researched for insight into pedestrian and traffic models.
Revised:  In recent years this behavior has been researched for insight into pedestrian and traffic models.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Herd behaviour in marketing has been used to explain the dependencies of customers' mutual behaviour .
Revised:  Herd behavior in marketing has been used to explain the dependencies of customers' mutual behaviour .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Herd behaviour in marketing has been used to explain the dependencies of customers' mutual behaviour .
Revised:  Herd behaviour in marketing has been used to explain the dependencies of customers' mutual behavior .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The Economist reported a recent conference in Rome on the subject of the simulation of adaptive human behaviour .
Revised:  The Economist reported a recent conference in Rome on the subject of the simulation of adaptive human behavior .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Partially inspired by colonies of insects such as ants and bees, researchers are modelling the behaviour of swarms of thousands of tiny robots which together perform a useful task, such as finding something hidden, cleaning, or spying.
Revised:  Partially inspired by colonies of insects such as ants and bees, researchers are modelling the behavior of swarms of thousands of tiny robots which together perform a useful task, such as finding something hidden, cleaning, or spying.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Each robot is quite simple, but the emergent behaviour of the swarm is more complex.
Revised:  Each robot is quite simple, but the emergent behavior of the swarm is more complex.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Other large swarms include the iRobot swarm, the SRI International/ActivMedia Robotics Centibots project, and the Open-source Micro-robotic Project swarm, which are being used to research collective behaviours . Swarms are also more resistant to failure.
Revised:  Other large swarms include the iRobot swarm, the SRI International/ActivMedia Robotics Centibots project, and the Open-source Micro-robotic Project swarm, which are being used to research collective behaviors . Swarms are also more resistant to failure.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Military swarming is a behaviour where autonomous or partially autonomous units of action attack an enemy from several different directions and then regroup.
Revised:  Military swarming is a behavior where autonomous or partially autonomous units of action attack an enemy from several different directions and then regroup.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  That means one million locusts can eat more than one ton of food each day, and the largest swarms can consume over 100,000 tonnes each day.
Revised:  That means one million locusts can eat more than one tonne of food each day, and the largest swarms can consume over 100,000 tonnes each day.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  London: Natural History Museum. p. 107. . One swarm was observed to cover an area of 450 square kilometers (175 square miles) of ocean, to a depth of 200 meters (650 feet) and was estimated to contain over 2 million tons of krill.
Revised:  London: Natural History Museum. p. 107. . One swarm was observed to cover an area of 450 square kilometres (175 square miles) of ocean, to a depth of 200 meters (650 feet) and was estimated to contain over 2 million tons of krill.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The surface layers of the oceans are currently believed to be the world's largest carbon sink, absorbing about 2 billion tons of carbon a year, the equivalent to perhaps a third of human carbon emissions, thus reducing their impact.
Revised:  The surface layers of the oceans are currently believed to be the world's largest carbon sink, absorbing about 2 billion tonnes of carbon a year, the equivalent to perhaps a third of human carbon emissions, thus reducing their impact.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Honey Bees Bees swarming on a tree Non-social Insects Migratory Behavior [[File:Monarch flock.jpg|Cluster of monarch butterflies.
Revised: Honey bees Bees swarming on a tree Non-social Insects Migratory Behavior [[File:Monarch flock.jpg|Cluster of monarch butterflies.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Honey Bees Bees swarming on a tree Non-social Insects Migratory Behavior [[File:Monarch flock.jpg|Cluster of monarch butterflies.
Revised: Honey Bees Bees swarming on a tree Non-social insects Migratory Behavior [[File:Monarch flock.jpg|Cluster of monarch butterflies.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Honey Bees Bees swarming on a tree Non-social Insects Migratory Behavior [[File:Monarch flock.jpg|Cluster of monarch butterflies.
Revised: Honey Bees Bees swarming on a tree Non-social Insects Migratory behavior [[File:Monarch flock.jpg|Cluster of monarch butterflies.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Scientists from Goa Category:
Revised:  Scholars from Goa Category:
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Kelekar received the Padma Bhushan (2008), the Gomant Sharada Award of Kala Academy, the Sahitya Akademi Award ( 1976 ), and the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship (2007)—the highest award of the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters.
Revised: Kelekar received the Padma Bhushan (2008), the Gomant Sharada Award of Kala Academy, the Sahitya Akademi Award ( 1977 ), and the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship (2007)—the highest award of the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: On 26 February 1975, the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, recognised Konkani as an independent language. citation needed The first Sahitya Akademi Award for a work in Konkani was won by Kelekar for his travelogue, Himalayant, in 1977.
Revised: On 26 February 1975, the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, recognised Konkani as an independent language. The first Sahitya Akademi Award for a work in Konkani was won by Kelekar for his travelogue, Himalayant, in 1977.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: He joined the socio-political campaign against the merger of Goa into the neighbouring Maharashtra state, which ended after the plebiscite of 1967  , with Goa retaining its separate identity albeit as a union territory.
Revised: He joined the socio-political campaign against the merger of Goa into the neighbouring Maharashtra state, which ended after the plebiscite of 1967 , with Goa retaining its separate identity as a union territory.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Goa retained this status until 1987, when it was declared a separate state.
Revised:  Goa retained this status until 1987, when it was declared a state.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  After Goa's independence, Kelekar took to literary activism, in the form of getting his native Konkani language its due status as an independent language , rather than as just a dialect of Marathi  .
Revised:  After Goa's independence, Kelekar took to literary activism, getting his native Konkani language its due status as an independent language , rather than as just a dialect of Marathi .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  After Goa's independence, Kelekar took to literary activism, in the form of getting his native Konkani language its due status as an independent language , rather than as just a dialect of Marathi  .
Revised:  After Goa's independence, Kelekar took to literary activism, in the form of getting his native tongue, Konkani, recognized as a distinct language (rather than a dialect of Marathi .
Edit intent: clarity