wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original: Echo chambers and opinion polarization have been recently quantified in several sociopolitical contexts , across different social media, raising concerns for the potential impact on the spread of misinformation and the openness of debates.
Revised: Echo chambers and opinion polarization have been recently quantified in several sociopolitical contexts , across different social media, raising concerns for the potential impact on the spread of misinformation and on openness of debates.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Here, we propose a model that introduces the phenomenon of radicalization, as a reinforcing mechanism driving the evolution to extreme opinions from moderate initial conditions.
Revised:  Here, we propose a model that introduces the dynamics of radicalization, as a reinforcing mechanism driving the evolution to extreme opinions from moderate initial conditions.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Empirically inspired by the dynamics of social interaction , we consider agents characterized by heterogeneous activities and homophily.
Revised:  Inspired by empirical findings on social interaction dynamics , we consider agents characterized by heterogeneous activities and homophily.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We analytically characterize the transition between a global consensus and emerging radicalization dynamics in the population, as a function of social influence and  the controversialness of the topic discussed.
Revised:  We show that the transition between a global consensus and emerging radicalization dynamics in the population, as a function of social influence and the controversialness of the topic discussed.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We analytically characterize the transition between a global consensus and emerging radicalization dynamics in the population, as a function of social influence and  the controversialness of the topic discussed.
Revised:  We analytically characterize the transition between a global consensus and emerging radicalized states is mostly governed by social influence and the controversialness of the topic discussed.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We analytically characterize the transition between a global consensus and emerging radicalization dynamics in the population, as a function of social influence and  the controversialness of the topic discussed.
Revised:  We analytically characterize the transition between a global consensus and emerging radicalization dynamics in the population, as a function of social influence and by the controversialness of the topic discussed.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We contrast the model's behavior against empirical data of polarized debates on Twitter, qualitatively reproducing the observed relation between users' engagement and opinions, as well as opinion segregation based on the interaction network.
Revised:  Compared with empirical data of polarized debates on Twitter, qualitatively reproducing the observed relation between users' engagement and opinions, as well as opinion segregation based on the interaction network.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We contrast the model's behavior against empirical data of polarized debates on Twitter, qualitatively reproducing the observed relation between users' engagement and opinions, as well as opinion segregation based on the interaction network.
Revised:  We contrast the model's behavior against empirical data of polarized debates on Twitter, the model qualitatively reproduces the observed relation between users' engagement and opinions, as well as opinion segregation based on the interaction network.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We contrast the model's behavior against empirical data of polarized debates on Twitter, qualitatively reproducing the observed relation between users' engagement and opinions, as well as opinion segregation based on the interaction network.
Revised:  We contrast the model's behavior against empirical data of polarized debates on Twitter, qualitatively reproducing the observed relation between users' engagement and opinions, as well as opinion segregation in the interaction network.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our findings shed light on the dynamics that may lie at the core of the emergence of echo chambers and polarization in social media.
Revised:  Our findings shed light on the mechanisms that may lie at the core of the emergence of echo chambers and polarization in social media.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Since a lot of media about food are attributed to particular locations and restaurants, information like popularity of spatio-temporal popularity of various cuisines can be analysed .
Revised:  Since a lot of media about food are attributed to particular locations and restaurants, information like spatio-temporal popularity of various cuisines can be analysed .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Since a lot of media about food are attributed to particular locations and restaurants, information like popularity of spatio-temporal popularity of various cuisines can be analysed .
Revised:  Since a lot of media about food are attributed to particular locations and restaurants, information like popularity of spatio-temporal popularity of various cuisines can be analyzed .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Sketch-based modeling aims to model 3D geometry using a concise and easy to create---but extremely ambiguous---input: artist sketches.
Revised: Choosing the right shape representation for geometry is crucial for making 3D geometry using a concise and easy to create---but extremely ambiguous---input: artist sketches.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Focusing on piecewise-smooth man-made shapes, we address these issues by presenting a deep learning-based system to infer a complete man-made 3D shape from a single bitmap sketch . Given a sketch , our system infers a set of parametric surfaces that realize the drawing in 3D.
Revised:  Focusing on piecewise-smooth man-made shapes, we address these issues by presenting a deep learning-based system to infer a complete man-made 3D shape from a single bitmap sketch . Given a sketch , our system infers a set of parametric surfaces that realize the input in 3D.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To capture the piecewise smooth geometry of man-made shapes, we learn a special shape representation---a deformable parametric template composed of Coons patches.
Revised:  To capture the piecewise smooth geometry of man-made shapes, we learn a special shape representation: a deformable parametric template composed of Coons patches.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Naively training such a system, however, would suffer from lack of data and from self-intersections of the parametric surfaces .
Revised:  Naively training such a system, however, would suffer from non-manifold artifacts of the parametric shapes as well as from a lack of data .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To address this, we introduce a synthetic sketch augmentation pipeline as well as a loss function that biases the network to output non-self-intersecting shapes .
Revised:  To address this, we introduce loss functions that bias the network to output non-self-intersecting shapes .
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Choosing the right shape representation for geometry is crucial for making 3D models compatible with existing applications.
Revised: Choosing the right representation for geometry is crucial for making 3D models compatible with existing applications.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We demonstrate the benefits of our representation by applying it to the task of sketch-based modeling.
Revised:  We demonstrate its benefits by applying it to the task of sketch-based modeling.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To capture the piecewise smooth geometry of man-made shapes , we learn a special shape representation: a deformable parametric template composed of Coons patches.
Revised:  To capture piecewise smooth geometry of man-made shapes , we learn a special shape representation: a deformable parametric template composed of Coons patches.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  To capture the piecewise smooth geometry of man-made shapes , we learn a special shape representation: a deformable parametric template composed of Coons patches.
Revised:  To capture the piecewise smooth geometry , we learn a special shape representation: a deformable parametric template composed of Coons patches.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Naively training such a system, however, would suffer from non-manifold artifacts of the parametric shapes as well as from a lack of data.
Revised:  Naively training such a system, however, is hampered by non-manifold artifacts of the parametric shapes as well as from a lack of data.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Naively training such a system, however, would suffer from non-manifold artifacts of the parametric shapes as well as from a lack of data.
Revised:  Naively training such a system, however, would suffer from non-manifold artifacts in the parametric shapes as well as from a lack of data.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Naively training such a system, however, would suffer from non-manifold artifacts of the parametric shapes as well as from a lack of data.
Revised:  Naively training such a system, however, would suffer from non-manifold artifacts of the parametric shapes and by a lack of data.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To test the efficacy of our system, we develop a testbed for sketch-based modeling and show results on a gallery of synthetic and real artist sketches.
Revised:  We develop a testbed for sketch-based modeling and show results on a gallery of synthetic and real artist sketches.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  As additional applications, we also demonstrate shape interpolation  and provide comparison to related work.
Revised:  As additional applications, we also demonstrate shape interpolation , and provide comparison to related work.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The chemical reaction network (CRN) model idealizes chemical interactions, allowing rigorous reasoning about  computational power of chemical kinetics.
Revised:  The chemical reaction network (CRN) model idealizes chemical interactions, allowing rigorous reasoning about the computational power of chemical kinetics.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Specifically, we are concerned with CRNs that are rate-independent (the computation must be correct independent of the reaction rate law) and composable (f\circ g ) can be computed by concatenating the CRNs computing f and g).
Revised:  Specifically, we are concerned with CRNs that are rate-independent (the computation must be correct independent of the reaction rate law) and composable (f\circ g can be computed by concatenating the CRNs computing f and g).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We show that to construct composable rate-independent CRNs, it is necessary and sufficient to ensure that the output species of a module is not areactant in any reaction within the module.
Revised:  We show that to construct composable rate-independent CRNs, it is necessary and sufficient to ensure that the output species of a module is not a reactant in any reaction within the module.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: A circular de Bruijn sequence of order n in an alphabet of k symbols is a sequence in which each sequence of length n occurs exactly once.
Revised: A de Bruijn sequence of order n in an alphabet of k symbols is a sequence in which each sequence of length n occurs exactly once.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: A circular de Bruijn sequence of order n in an alphabet of k symbols is a sequence in which each sequence of length n occurs exactly once.
Revised: A circular de Bruijn sequence of order n over a k-symbol alphabet is a circular sequence where each length-n sequence occurs exactly once.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this work we show that for each circular de Bruijn sequence v of order n in an alphabetof k symbols there is another circular de Bruijn sequence w also of order n in an alphabet with one more symbol, that is an alphabet of k + 1 symbols, such that v is a subsequence of w and in between any two successive occurrences of the new symbol in w there are at most n + 2k-2 consecutive symbols of v. We give an algorithm that receives as input such a sequence v and outputs a sequence w.
Revised:  In this work we show that for each circular de Bruijn sequence v of order n in an alphabetof k symbols there is another circular de Bruijn sequence into another one of the same order, but over the alphabet with one more symbol, that is an alphabet of k + 1 symbols, such that v is a subsequence of w and in between any two successive occurrences of the new symbol in w there are at most n + 2k-2 consecutive symbols of v. We give an algorithm that receives as input such a sequence v and outputs a sequence w.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this work we show that for each circular de Bruijn sequence v of order n in an alphabetof k symbols there is another circular de Bruijn sequence w also of order n in an alphabet with one more symbol, that is an alphabet of k + 1 symbols, such that v is a subsequence of w and in between any two successive occurrences of the new symbol in w there are at most n + 2k-2 consecutive symbols of v. We give an algorithm that receives as input such a sequence v and outputs a sequence w.
Revised:  In this work we show that for each circular de Bruijn sequence v of order n in an alphabetof k symbols there is another circular de Bruijn sequence w also of order n in an alphabet with one more symbol, while ensuring that there are no long runs without the new symbol in w there are at most n + 2k-2 consecutive symbols of v. We give an algorithm that receives as input such a sequence v and outputs a sequence w.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We introduce rings as a new kind of local structures that are able to capture a lot of information encoded in the input graphs at a low computational cost .
Revised:  We also introduce rings, a new kind of local structures that are able to capture a lot of information encoded in the input graphs at a low computational cost .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We give a surprising classification for the computational complexity of  Quantified Constraint Satisfaction Problems , QCSP(\Gamma), where \Gamma is a finite language over 3 elements which contains all constants.
Revised: We give a surprising classification for the computational complexity of the Quantified Constraint Satisfaction Problems , QCSP(\Gamma), where \Gamma is a finite language over 3 elements which contains all constants.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In particular, such problems are either in P, NP-complete, co-NP-complete or Pspace-complete .
Revised:  In particular, such problems are either in P, NP-complete, co-NP-complete or PSpace-complete .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Additionally, we show that already on  4-element domain there exists a constraint language \Gamma such that QCSP(\Gamma) is DP-complete (from Boolean Hierarchy), and on  10-element domain there exists a constraint language giving the complexity class 2^{P}.
Revised:  Additionally, we show that already on a 4-element domain there exists a constraint language \Gamma such that QCSP(\Gamma) is DP-complete (from Boolean Hierarchy), and on 10-element domain there exists a constraint language giving the complexity class 2^{P}.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Additionally, we show that already on  4-element domain there exists a constraint language \Gamma such that QCSP(\Gamma) is DP-complete (from Boolean Hierarchy), and on  10-element domain there exists a constraint language giving the complexity class 2^{P}.
Revised:  Additionally, we show that already on 4-element domain there exists a constraint language \Gamma such that QCSP(\Gamma) is DP-complete (from Boolean Hierarchy), and on a 10-element domain there exists a constraint language giving the complexity class 2^{P}.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Otherwise, the polymorphism clone of \Gamma has the exponentially generated powers (EGP) property and QCSP(\Gamma) is Pspace-complete .
Revised:  Otherwise, the polymorphism clone of \Gamma has the exponentially generated powers (EGP) property and QCSP(\Gamma) is PSpace-complete .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: We present a multi-objective  optimization algorithm that uses Gaussian process (GP) regression-based models to generate or select trial solutions in a multi-generation iterative procedure.
Revised: We present a multi-objective optimization algorithm that uses Gaussian process (GP) regression-based models to select trial solutions in a multi-generation iterative procedure.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Since the trial solutions selected by the GP models tend to have better performance than other methods that only rely on random operations, the new algorithm has much better efficiency in exploring the parameter space.
Revised:  Since the trial solutions selected by the GP models tend to have better performance than other methods that only rely on random operations, the new algorithm has much higher efficiency in exploring the parameter space.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Simulations with multiple test cases show that the new algorithm has a substantially higher convergence speed that the NSGA-II and PSO algorithms.
Revised:  Simulations with multiple test cases show that the new algorithm has a substantially higher convergence speed and stability than NSGA-II and PSO algorithms.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Also , each such graph  is shown to have a Hamiltonian cycle if and only if it is 2-connected, and to have a Hamiltonian path if and only if its block-cutpoint tree  is a path  .
Revised:  Finally , each such graph is shown to have a Hamiltonian cycle if and only if it is 2-connected, and to have a Hamiltonian path if and only if its block-cutpoint tree is a path .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Also , each such graph  is shown to have a Hamiltonian cycle if and only if it is 2-connected, and to have a Hamiltonian path if and only if its block-cutpoint tree  is a path  .
Revised:  Also , each such graph is shown to have a Hamiltonian cycle if and only if it is 2-connected, and to have a Hamiltonian path if and only if G's block-cutpoint tree is a path .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Memory safety is the problem of determining if a heap manipulating program that allocates / frees memory locations and manipulates heap pointers , does not dereference a memory locationthat is not allocated.
Revised: Memory safety is the problem of determining if a heap-manipulating program that allocates / frees memory locations and manipulates heap pointers , does not dereference a memory locationthat is not allocated.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Memory safety is the problem of determining if a heap manipulating program that allocates / frees memory locations and manipulates heap pointers , does not dereference a memory locationthat is not allocated.
Revised: Memory safety is the problem of determining if a heap manipulating program that allocates and frees memory locations and manipulates heap pointers , does not dereference a memory locationthat is not allocated.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Memory safety is the problem of determining if a heap manipulating program that allocates / frees memory locations and manipulates heap pointers , does not dereference a memory locationthat is not allocated.
Revised: Memory safety is the problem of determining if a heap manipulating program that allocates / frees memory locations and manipulates heap pointers does not dereference a memory locationthat is not allocated.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that common library routines that manipulate forest data-structures using a single pass are almost always caching.
Revised:  Our experimental evaluation on a set of library routines that manipulate forest data-structures using a single pass are almost always caching.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that our decision procedure for such programs is effective in both proving memory safety and in identifying memory safety vulnerabilities .
Revised:  We show that our decision procedure is efficient in verifying them .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We adopt the linear maximum-entropy basis functions for discretization of the field variables, although the proposed scheme is applicable to any linear meshfree approximant.
Revised:  We adopt linear maximum-entropy basis functions for discretization of the field variables, although the proposed scheme is applicable to any linear meshfree approximant.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We adopt the linear maximum-entropy basis functions for discretization of the field variables, although the proposed scheme is applicable to any linear meshfree approximant.
Revised:  We adopt the linear maximum-entropy basis functions for the discretization of field variables, although the proposed scheme is applicable to any linear meshfree approximant.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We demonstrate that the proposed nodally integrated meshfree method is accurate, converges optimally, and is more efficient than a standard cell-based Gauss integrated meshfree method.
Revised:  We demonstrate that the proposed nodally integrated meshfree method is accurate, converges optimally, and is more reliable and robust than a standard cell-based Gauss integrated meshfree method.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The performance of the proposed nodal integration scheme is assessed through benchmark problems in linear and nonlinear analysis of solids for small displacements and small-strain kinematics.
Revised:  The performance of the proposed nodal integration scheme is assessed through benchmark problems in linear and nonlinear analyses of solids for small displacements and small-strain kinematics.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: We show that height ~ h posets that have planar cover graphs have dimension O (h^6).
Revised: We show that height h posets that have planar cover graphs have dimension O (h^6).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Previously, this upper bound was 2^{ O (h^3)}.
Revised:  Previously, the best upper bound was 2^{ O (h^3)}.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In practice, a very important notion for dealing with such types is that of subtyping, since it allows for typing larger classes of system, where a program has not precisely the expected behavior but a similar one.
Revised:  In practice, a very important notion for dealing with such types is that of subtyping, since it allows for typing larger classes of system, where a program has not precisely the expected behaviour but a similar one.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   We establish that the problem can  be solved in polynomial time in the size of the graph and we provide a characterization of the graphs that can be properly connected with k colours for every possible value of k.
Revised:  We establish that the problem can always be solved in polynomial time in the size of the graph and we provide a characterization of the graphs that can be properly connected with k colours for every possible value of k.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We study finite paths in the Collatz graph , a directed graph with natural number nodes and where there is an edge from node x to node T(x)=T_0(x)=x/2 if x is even, or to node T(x)=T_1(x)= (3x+1)/2 if x is odd.
Revised: The Collatz graph is a directed graph with natural number nodes and where there is an edge from node x to node T(x)=T_0(x)=x/2 if x is even, or to node T(x)=T_1(x)= (3x+1)/2 if x is odd.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our first result is an algorithm that, when given a sequence of n parity bits p = b_0 b_1 \cdots b_{n-1 \in \{ 0,1 \}^n, called a parity vector, finds the occurrences of this parity vector in the Collatz graph which are all the paths o, of length n+1, where the first n nodes of o have exactly the parities given by p.
Revised:  \in \{ 0,1 \}^n, called a parity vector, finds the occurrences of this parity vector in the Collatz graph which are all the paths o, of length n+1, where the first n nodes of o have exactly the parities given by p.
Edit intent: clarity