wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  Working Conditions and Worker Responses on the Nyasaland Tea Estates, 1930-1953, pp. 119, 121-2, 126 There was a further crisis in 1952-3 when the British Central Africa Company tried to increase tenants ’ rents substantially, against the advice of the Nyasaland government.
Revised:  Working Conditions and Worker Responses on the Nyasaland Tea Estates, 1930-1953, pp. 119, 121-2, 126 There was a further crisis in 1952-3 when the British Central Africa Company tried to increase tenants ' rents substantially, against the advice of the Nyasaland government.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Malawi: A Political and Economic History, London, Pall Mall Press, pp .128-30 , 188.
Revised:  Malawi: A Political and Economic History, London, Pall Mall Press, pp . 128-30 , 188.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  These leaseholders engaged African sharecroppers under contract to grow one annual tobacco crop at a time, the “visiting tenant” system.
Revised:  These leaseholders engaged African sharecroppers under contract to grow one annual tobacco crop at a time, the "visiting tenant" system.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The “visiting tenant” system had some similarities to estate tenancies in the Shire Highlands (called thangata, whether the rent was satisfied in labour or produce), but it was distinct, as the visiting tenants had permanent homes away from the places where they grew their crop.
Revised:  The "visiting tenant" system had some similarities to estate tenancies in the Shire Highlands (called thangata, whether the rent was satisfied in labour or produce), but it was distinct, as the visiting tenants had permanent homes away from the places where they grew their crop.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  By 1990, there were 675,000 registered estate tenants with little security, and another 580,000 “squatters” lived on surplus land with no security, who formed a pool of casual labour.
Revised:  By 1990, there were 675,000 registered estate tenants with little security, and another 580,000 "squatters" lived on surplus land with no security, who formed a pool of casual labour.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It originally denoted food or beer given as appreciation for neighbours when they worked on another ’ s fields, then the work a poor person did for food or cash for more prosperous neighbour.
Revised:  It originally denoted food or beer given as appreciation for neighbours when they worked on another ' s fields, then the work a poor person did for food or cash for more prosperous neighbour.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  These arrangements are sometimes called thangata, as in the 2007 documentary “ Thangata: social bondage and big tobacco in Malawi ” .M. Whiteside, (1999).
Revised:  These arrangements are sometimes called thangata, as in the 2007 documentary " Thangata: social bondage and big tobacco in Malawi ” .M. Whiteside, (1999).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  These arrangements are sometimes called thangata, as in the 2007 documentary “ Thangata: social bondage and big tobacco in Malawi ” .M. Whiteside, (1999).
Revised:  These arrangements are sometimes called thangata, as in the 2007 documentary “ Thangata: social bondage and big tobacco in Malawi " .M. Whiteside, (1999).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Ganyu Labour in Malawi and its implications for Livelihood Security Interventions pp. 6-7. URL social bondage and big tobacco in Malawi ” URL Similar systems Of all the countries in Southern and Central Africa, Nyasaland was the most notorious for the duration of thangata and its importance to the colonial economy.
Revised:  Ganyu Labour in Malawi and its implications for Livelihood Security Interventions pp. 6-7. URL social bondage and big tobacco in Malawi " Similar systems Of all the countries in Southern and Central Africa, Nyasaland was the most notorious for the duration of thangata and its importance to the colonial economy.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  S Miers (2003)Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Pattern, Walnut Creek (CA) Altamira Press pp. 40, 53. Although forced labour in the Belgian Congo was abolished in theory in 1908, from 1917 the government a system of forced cultivation of cotton, coffee and rice began to be imposed on the peasant population, who were required to use their own land for one or more if these designated crops.
Revised:  Although forced labour in the Belgian Congo was abolished in theory in 1908, from 1917 the government a system of forced cultivation of cotton, coffee and rice began to be imposed on the peasant population, who were required to use their own land for one or more if these designated crops.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  During his reign there was an invasion  by Ibrahim Shah Sharqi.
Revised:  His father had good ties with Barsbay, a Mamluk sultan who had gifted Jalaluddin with investiture, a robe of honour and a letter of recognition. Jalaluddin had died before his own gifts could be dispatched to Barsbay, and so the job was left for Ahmad Shah to complete. Ahmad Shah had slightly delayed the dispatching but nevertheless sent the initial gifts of his father off whilst also adding more gifts of his own. In total, the package was worth over 12,000 red tankas and included clothes, cotton, ginger, myrobalan and other spices. The envoy, travelling from Bengal to Cairo via the Indian Ocean, sank whilst at Jeddah's coast. In 1436, the Governor of Jeddah sent some men to search the Red Sea for the gifts and they came back with the textiles although the spices were damaged by the water. After Barsbay was informed of this by the Governor, he ordered for the arrest of all members of the Bengali embassy, the confiscation of their envoy's merchandise, and banned them from ever travelling to Cairo again. by Ibrahim Shah Sharqi.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Later Ahmad Shah was killed by two powerful nobles , Sadi Khan and Nasir Khan in 1436 AD.
Revised:  Later Ahmad Shah was killed by two of his powerful and influential servants , Sadi Khan and Nasir Khan in 1436 AD.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He was disputably buried in the Eklakhi Mausoleum .
Revised:  He was buried in the Eklakhi Mausoleum .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A descendant of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty , ascended the throne under the title Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah in 1437.
Revised:  A descendant of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty again after the ascension of Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah in 1437.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   Ahmad Shah ruled for only 3 years.
Revised:  Death Ahmad Shah ruled for only 3 years.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah ( , Bengali: শামসুদ্দিন আহমদ শাহ ;
Revised: Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah ( ; ;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Its simplest version states that if a branch of radius splits into two branches of radii and there holds . Like Hagen-Poiseuille Law and Fick's Law, which were also formulated from a biological context, Murray’s law is a basic physical principle for transfer networks.
Revised:  Its simplest version states that if a branch of radius splits into two branches of radii and , then . Like Hagen-Poiseuille Law and Fick's Law, which were also formulated from a biological context, Murray’s law is a basic physical principle for transfer networks.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It has been applied in the design  self-healing materials, batteries, photocatalysts, and gas sensors.
Revised:  It has been applied in the design of self-healing materials, batteries, photocatalysts, and gas sensors.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  (Zheng, CC-BY-SA) |215x215px]]As lithium battery electrodes, the Murray materials can reduce the stresses in these electrodes during the charge/discharge processes, improving their structural stability and resulting in a longer life time for energy storage devices .
Revised:  (Zheng, CC-BY-SA) |215x215px]]As lithium battery electrodes, the Murray materials can reduce the stresses in these electrodes during the charge/discharge processes, improving their structural stability and resulting in a longer life time for energy storage URL .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This material could also be used for boosting the performance of a gas sensor and a photocatalysis process that broke down a dye using light.
Revised:  This material could also be used for boosting the performance of a gas sensor and a photocatalysis process that broke down a dye using URL
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  From plants, animals and materials to industrial processes, the introduction of Murray material concept to industrial reactions can revolutionize the design of reactors with highly enhanced efficiency, minimum energy, time, and raw material consumption for a sustainable future.
Revised:  From plants, animals and materials to industrial processes, the introduction of Murray material concept to industrial reactions can revolutionize the design of reactors with highly enhanced efficiency, minimum energy, time, and raw material consumption for a sustainable URL
Edit intent: style
Original:  Its simplest version states that if a branch of radius splits into two branches of radii and , then . Like Hagen-Poiseuille Law and Fick's Law , which were also formulated from a biological context, Murray ’ s law is a basic physical principle for transfer networks. where is the radius of the parent branch, and are the radii of the child branches.
Revised:  Its simplest version states that if a branch of radius splits into two branches of radii and , then . Like Hagen–Poiseuille equation and Fick's Law , which were also formulated from a biological context, Murray ’ s law is a basic physical principle for transfer networks. where is the radius of the parent branch, and are the radii of the child branches.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Its simplest version states that if a branch of radius splits into two branches of radii and , then . Like Hagen-Poiseuille Law and Fick's Law , which were also formulated from a biological context, Murray ’ s law is a basic physical principle for transfer networks. where is the radius of the parent branch, and are the radii of the child branches.
Revised:  Its simplest version states that if a branch of radius splits into two branches of radii and , then . Like Hagen-Poiseuille Law and Fick's laws , which were also formulated from a biological context, Murray ’ s law is a basic physical principle for transfer networks. where is the radius of the parent branch, and are the radii of the child branches.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Its simplest version states that if a branch of radius splits into two branches of radii and , then . Like Hagen-Poiseuille Law and Fick's Law , which were also formulated from a biological context, Murray ’ s law is a basic physical principle for transfer networks. where is the radius of the parent branch, and are the radii of the child branches.
Revised:  Its simplest version states that if a branch of radius splits into two branches of radii and , then . Like Hagen-Poiseuille Law and Fick's Law , which were also formulated from a biological context, Murray ' s law is a basic physical principle for transfer networks. where is the radius of the parent branch, and are the radii of the child branches.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This law is only valid for laminar flow, since its derivation uses the Hagen-Poiseuille equation as a measure for the transport work (see below).
Revised:  This law is only valid for laminar flow, since its derivation uses the Hagen–Poiseuille equation as a measure for the transport work (see below).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Williams et al. deduced the formula for turbulent flow: As stated above, the underlying assumption of the Murray's law is that the power (energy per time) for transport and upkeep is minimal in a natural transport system.
Revised:  Williams et al. deduced the formula for turbulent flow: As stated above, the underlying assumption of Murray's law is that the power (energy per time) for transport and upkeep is minimal in a natural transport system.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Laminar Flow We first minimize the power of transport and upkeep in a single channel of the system, i.e. ignore bifurcations.
Revised:  Laminar flow We first minimize the power of transport and upkeep in a single channel of the system, i.e. ignore bifurcations.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The Hagen-Poiseuille Law for laminar flow states that and hence , where is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid.
Revised:  The Hagen–Poiseuille equation for laminar flow states that and hence , where is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Since mass is conserved, the flow rate of the parent branch is the sum of the flow rates in the children branches . Since in each of these branches the power is minimized, the relationship above holds and hence, as claimed: where the flow rate is given by Fick's Law , whose is the diffusivity constant and is the difference of concentration between the ends of the cylinder.
Revised:  Since mass is conserved, the flow rate of the parent branch is the sum of the flow rates in the children branches . Since in each of these branches the power is minimized, the relationship above holds and hence, as claimed: where the flow rate is given by Fick's law , whose is the diffusivity constant and is the difference of concentration between the ends of the cylinder.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Similarly to the case of laminar flow, the minimisation of the objective function results in I t is applicable to an enormous range of porous materials and has a broad scope in functional ceramics and nano-metals for energy and environmental applications.
Revised:  Similarly to the case of laminar flow, the minimisation of the objective function results in It is applicable to an enormous range of porous materials and has a broad scope in functional ceramics and nano-metals for energy and environmental applications.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Murray's law is named after  Cecil D.
Revised: Murray's law is named after its inventor Cecil D.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Khidr Khan was appointed the governor of Bengal when Sher Shah sur ascended to the throne of Delhi.
Revised: Khidr Khan was appointed the governor of Bengal when Sher Shah Suri ascended to the throne of Delhi.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Sher Shah's son Islam Shah  removed Khidr Khan from power and appointed Muhammad Khan sur the governor of Benga 
Revised:  Sher Shah's son Islam Shah removed Khidr Khan from power and appointed Muhammad Khan sur the governor of Bengal. 
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Khidr Khan (also Khizr Khan, in office: 1539-1541 ) was appointed the governor of Bengal in 1539 when Sher Shah Suri ascended to the throne of Delhi   .
Revised: Khidr Khan (also Khizr Khan, reigned: 1539–1541 ) was appointed the governor of Bengal in 1539 when Sher Shah Suri ascended to the throne of Delhi .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Khidr Khan (also Khizr Khan, in office: 1539-1541 ) was appointed the governor of Bengal in 1539 when Sher Shah Suri ascended to the throne of Delhi   .
Revised: Khidr Khan (also Khizr Khan, in office: 1539-1541 ) was appointed the governor of Bengal in 1539 when Sher Shah Suri ascended to the throne of Delhi . .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Khidr Khan (also Khizr Khan, reigned: 1539–1541) was appointed the governor of Bengal in 1539 when Sher Shah Suri ascended to the throne of Delhi .
Revised: Khidr Khan (also Khizr Khan, reigned: 1539–1541) was appointed the governor of Bengal from 1539 when Sher Shah Suri ascended to the throne of Delhi .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Khidr Khan (also Khizr Khan, reigned: 1539–1541) was appointed the governor of Bengal in 1539 when Sher Shah Suri ascended to the throne of Delhi .
Revised: Khidr Khan (also Khizr Khan, reigned: 1539–1541) was appointed the governor of Bengal in 1539 to 1541 CE .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   In 1541 Khidr Khan attempts to declare independence from Delhi.
Revised:  In 1541 , Khidr Khan attempted to declare independence from Delhi.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: History Khidr Khan married a daughter of Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah.
Revised: History 
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In 1541, Khidr Khan attempted to declare independence from the Sur Empire.
Revised:  In 1541, 
Edit intent: clarity
Original: KingListsFarEast Category:  Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:16th-century Indian Musli
Revised: KingListsFarEast Category: History of Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:16th-century Indian Musli
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Theunissen ( born 13 May 1911 ) is a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Revised:  Theunissen ( 13 May 1911 ) is a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Willem ( "Willie" ) Christiaan Botha ( born March 31, 1912 ) is a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Revised: Willem "Willie" ) Christiaan Botha ( born March 31, 1912 ) is a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Willem ( "Willie" ) Christiaan Botha ( born March 31, 1912 ) is a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Revised: Willem ( "Willie" Christiaan Botha ( born March 31, 1912 ) is a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Willem ( "Willie" ) Christiaan Botha ( born March 31, 1912 ) is a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Revised: Willem ( "Willie" ) Christiaan Botha ( March 31, 1912 ) is a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Willem "Willie" Christiaan Botha ( March 31 , 1912 – June 14 , 1967) was a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Revised: Willem "Willie" Christiaan Botha ( 31 , 1912 – June 14 , 1967) was a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Willem "Willie" Christiaan Botha ( March 31 , 1912 – June 14 , 1967) was a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Revised: Willem "Willie" Christiaan Botha ( March 31 , 1912 – 14 , 1967) was a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: 1967 deaths Category:People from Letsemeng Local Municipality Category:Afrikaner people Category:South African male sprinters Category:Olympic athletes of South Africa Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1936 Summer Olympics Category: Commonwealth Games competitors for South Africa Category: Athletes (track and field) at the 1934 British Empire Games Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for South Africa Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in athleti
Revised: 1967 deaths Category:People from Letsemeng Local Municipality Category:Afrikaner people Category:South African male sprinters Category:Olympic athletes of South Africa Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1936 Summer Olympics Category: Athletes (track and field) at the 1934 British Empire Games Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for South Africa Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in athleti
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Thousands of animal bones, hundreds of stone tools, and ancient fireplaces were revealed on the ground   
Revised:  Thousands of animal bones, hundreds of stone tools, and ancient fireplaces were revealed on the ground . 
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Ethiopia has several UNESCO world heritage sites related to archaeology which include : Axum( one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Africa ) , the Awash Valley where Lucy (Australopithecus) a hominin who lived around 3.2 million years ago was discovered, and Tiya (archaeological site) where Middle Stone Age tools and megaliths have been found.
Revised:  Ethiopia has several UNESCO World Heritage Sites related to archaeology which include : Axum( one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Africa ) , the Awash Valley where Lucy (Australopithecus) a hominin who lived around 3.2 million years ago was discovered, and Tiya (archaeological site) where Middle Stone Age tools and megaliths have been found.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Ethiopia has several UNESCO world heritage sites related to archaeology which include : Axum( one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Africa ) , the Awash Valley where Lucy (Australopithecus) a hominin who lived around 3.2 million years ago was discovered, and Tiya (archaeological site) where Middle Stone Age tools and megaliths have been found.
Revised:  Ethiopia has several UNESCO world heritage sites related to archaeology which include Axum, one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Africa ) , the Awash Valley where Lucy (Australopithecus) a hominin who lived around 3.2 million years ago was discovered, and Tiya (archaeological site) where Middle Stone Age tools and megaliths have been found.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Ethiopia has several UNESCO world heritage sites related to archaeology which include : Axum( one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Africa ) , the Awash Valley where Lucy (Australopithecus) a hominin who lived around 3.2 million years ago was discovered, and Tiya (archaeological site) where Middle Stone Age tools and megaliths have been found.
Revised:  Ethiopia has several UNESCO world heritage sites related to archaeology which include : Axum( one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Africa , the Awash Valley where Lucy (Australopithecus) a hominin who lived around 3.2 million years ago was discovered, and Tiya (archaeological site) where Middle Stone Age tools and megaliths have been found.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Ethiopia has several UNESCO world heritage sites related to archaeology which include : Axum( one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Africa ) , the Awash Valley where Lucy (Australopithecus) a hominin who lived around 3.2 million years ago was discovered, and Tiya (archaeological site) where Middle Stone Age tools and megaliths have been found.
Revised:  Ethiopia has several UNESCO world heritage sites related to archaeology which include : Axum( one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Africa ) , the Awash Valley where Lucy , a hominin who lived around 3.2 million years ago was discovered, and Tiya (archaeological site) where Middle Stone Age tools and megaliths have been found.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Ethiopia has several UNESCO world heritage sites related to archaeology which include : Axum( one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Africa ) , the Awash Valley where Lucy (Australopithecus) a hominin who lived around 3.2 million years ago was discovered, and Tiya (archaeological site) where Middle Stone Age tools and megaliths have been found.
Revised:  Ethiopia has several UNESCO world heritage sites related to archaeology which include : Axum( one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Africa ) , the Awash Valley where Lucy (Australopithecus) a hominin who lived around 3.2 million years ago was discovered, and Tiya , where Middle Stone Age tools and megaliths have been found.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  One well known example is Lucy.
Revised:  One well-known example is Lucy.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Obelisk arrives back in Ethiopia BBC 19 April 2005 Archaeologists have discovered a 30,000-year-old Middle-Stone Age rock shelter at the Fincha Habera site in Bale Mountains of Ethiopia over 11,000 feet above sea level in 2019.
Revised: Obelisk arrives back in Ethiopia BBC 19 April Archaeologists have discovered a 30,000-year-old Middle-Stone Age rock shelter at the Fincha Habera site in Bale Mountains of Ethiopia over 11,000 feet above sea level in 2019.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% References * Category:History of Ethiop
Revised: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% * Category:History of Ethiop
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Mountain and valley breezes are other examples of local winds caused by an area ’ s geography.
Revised:  Mountain and valley breezes are other examples of local winds caused by an area ' s geography.
Edit intent: fluency