wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  The prevailing legal theory in the 1880s was that the Crown's authority in a protectorate was limited to the management of its external relations and the affairs of British subjects.
Revised:  The prevailing legal theory in the 1880s was that the Crown's authority in any British protectorate was limited to the management of its external relations and the affairs of British subjects.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Johnson, resisted the company's demand that Crown lands where sovereignty had been ceded, which formed over 20\% of the land of the protectorate, should be transferred to its control and that Johnson should also facilitate the transfer of lands remaining in African hands, amounting to over 40\% of total land, to it (the remaining 15\% was  in European ownership).
Revised:  Johnson, resisted the company's demand that Crown lands where sovereignty had been ceded, which formed over 20\% of the land of the protectorate, should be transferred to its control and that Johnson should also facilitate the transfer of lands remaining in African hands, amounting to over 40\% of total land, to it (the remaining 15\% was already in European ownership).
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  He regarded long occupation and improvement of the land as the best way to justify a claim, but it was rare . Failing this, he or an assistant sought confirmation that the chiefs named in agreements had agreed to sell the land and had received a fair return for the sale.
Revised:  He regarded long occupation and improvement of the land as the best way to justify a claim, but it only rarely happened . Failing this, he or an assistant sought confirmation that the chiefs named in agreements had agreed to sell the land and had received a fair return for the sale.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In the early years of the protectorate, owners usually did not object to Africans resident on their estates practicing shifting cultivation and moving their fields every few years, as they wanted to retain existing residents and attract new ones as a workforce.
Revised:  In the early years of the protectorate, owners usually did not object to Africans resident on their estates practising shifting cultivation and moving their fields every few years, as they wanted to retain existing residents and attract new ones as a workforce.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  After 1900, the view which gained prominence among Foreign Office lawyers was that the former theory of protectorate only applied to those declared over more civilized communities and that the mere declaration of a protectorate over what in one case were termed "semi-barbarous natives" gave Crown officers in that protectorate the right to dispose of land there.
Revised:  After 1900, the view which gained prominence among Foreign Office lawyers was that the former theory of protectorate only applied to those declared over more civilised communities and that the mere declaration of a protectorate over what in one case were termed "semi-barbarous natives" gave Crown officers in that protectorate the right to dispose of land there.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The effect of the British Central Africa Order, 1902 was that all land not in private European ownership was Crown land which the colonial government could alienate: this covered about 85\% of the protectorate's land area.
Revised:  The effect of the British Central Africa Order, 1902 was that all land not in private European ownership became Crown land which the colonial government could alienate: this covered about 85\% of the protectorate's land area.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This, however disregarded African practices of cultivation, in which a only a part of a family's land would be cultivated at any time, with the greater part left fallow to be used in the future.
Revised:  This, however disregarded African practices of cultivation, in which only a part of a family's land would be cultivated at any time, with the greater part left fallow to be used in the future.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Intentional weight loss is associated with cognitive performance improvements in overweight and obese individuals    
Revised:  Intentional weight loss is associated with cognitive performance improvements in overweight and obese individuals . 
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Intentional weight loss is associated with cognitive performance improvements in overweight and obese individuals .
Revised:  Intentional weight loss is associated with cognitive performance improvements in overweight and obese individuals 
Edit intent: fluency
Original: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Common Side Affects after Weight Loss Treatment: Nausea Infections Low red blood cell counts (anaemia) Decreased appetite Headache Hair thinning or hair loss (alopecia) Abdominal pain Tiredness Low white blood cell counts (leukopenia) Vomiting Low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia
Revised: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Nausea Infections Low red blood cell counts (anaemia) Decreased appetite Headache Hair thinning or hair loss (alopecia) Abdominal pain Tiredness Low white blood cell counts (leukopenia) Vomiting Low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia
Edit intent: coherence
Original: File:Lamellibrachia luymesi1.png|Tube worms are among the dominant species in one of four cold seep community types in the Gulf of Mexico.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In Pakistan coastal areas Makran Trench is sleep zone.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Trenching can be done prior to pipeline lay ( pre-trenching ), or afterward by seabed removal from below the pipeline ( post-trenching ).
Revised:  Trenching can be done prior to pipeline lay ( pre-lay trenching ), or afterward by seabed removal from below the pipeline ( post-trenching ).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Trenching can be done prior to pipeline lay ( pre-trenching ), or afterward by seabed removal from below the pipeline ( post-trenching ).
Revised:  Trenching can be done prior to pipeline lay ( pre-trenching ), or afterward by seabed removal from below the pipeline ( post-lay trenching ).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Several systems are used to dig trenches in the seabed for submarine pipelines: Jetting: This is a post-trenching procedure whereby the soil is removed from beneath the pipeline by using powerful pumps to blow water on each side of it.
Revised:  Several systems are used to dig trenches in the seabed for submarine pipelines: Jetting: This is a post-lay trenching procedure whereby the soil is removed from beneath the pipeline by using powerful pumps to blow water on each side of it.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Plowing: The plowing principle, which was initially used for pre-trenching , has evolved into sophisticated systems that are lighter in size for faster and safer operation.
Revised:  Plowing: The plowing principle, which was initially used for pre-lay trenching , has evolved into sophisticated systems that are lighter in size for faster and safer operation.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Other physical factors to be taken into account prior to building a pipeline include the following:Palmer & Been, p. 182–187Croasdale et al. 2013 Seabed mobility: Sandwaves and megaripples are features that move with time, such that a pipeline that was supported by the crest of one such feature during construction may find itself in a trough later during the pipeline's operational lifespan.
Revised: Other physical factors to be taken into account prior to building a pipeline include the following:Palmer & Been, p. 182–187Croasdale et al. 2013 Seabed mobility: Sand waves and megaripples are features that move with time, such that a pipeline that was supported by the crest of one such feature during construction may find itself in a trough later during the pipeline's operational lifespan.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Pipeline route planning for areas where these risks are known to exist has to consider laying the pipeline in a back-filled trench .
Revised:  Pipeline route planning for areas where these risks are known to exist has to consider laying the pipeline in a back-filled trencgh .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Suleiman Ali Nashnush (1943 – February 25, 1991) was a Libyanbasketball player and actor and one of seventeen individuals in medical history to reach or surpass eight feet in height.
Revised: Suleiman Ali Nashnush (1943 – February 25, 1991) was a Libyan basketball player and actor and one of seventeen individuals in medical history to reach or surpass eight feet in height.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He was one of the tallest basketball players ever at 8'0 1/2" (245 cm) although he was only 7'10" (239 cm) when he played professional basketball.
Revised:  He was the tallest basketball players ever at 8'0 1/2" (245 cm) although he was only 7'10" (239 cm) when he played professional basketball.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He was one of the tallest basketball players ever at 8'0 1/2" (245 cm) although he was only 7'10" (239 cm) when he played professional basketball.
Revised:  He was one of the tallest basketball player ever at 8'0 1/2" (245 cm) although he was only 7'10" (239 cm) when he played professional basketball.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He was the tallest basketball player ever at 8'0 1/2" (245 cm) although he was only 7'10" (239 cm) when he played professional basketball.
Revised:  He was the tallest basketball player ever at although he was only 7'10" (239 cm) when he played professional basketball.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He was the tallest basketball player ever at 8'0 1/2" (245 cm) although he was only 7'10" (239 cm) when he played professional basketball.
Revised:  He was the tallest basketball player ever at 8'0 1/2" (245 cm) although he was only when he played professional basketball.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Suleiman Ali Nashnush (1943 – February 25, 1991) was a Libyan basketball player and actor and one of the twenty individuals in medical history to reach or surpass in height.
Revised: Suleiman Ali Nashnush (1943 – February 25, 1991) was a Libyan basketball player and actor and one of the 20 individuals in medical history to reach or surpass in height.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Mamnoon Hussain (;
Revised: Mamnoon LandHussain (;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  23 December 1940 – 14 July 2021) was a Pakistani politician and industrialist who served as the 12th President of Pakistan from 2013 to 2018.
Revised:  23 December 1940 – 14 July 2021) was a Pakistani politician and industrialist who served as the 12th president of Pakistan from 2013 to 2018.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  According to Pararaton, Dara Jingga was mentioned as sira alaki dewa — she who has husband named dewa — refer to Adwayabrahma (Mahisa Anabrang), a Singhasari general, the commander of Pamalayu expedition.
Revised:  According to Pararaton, Dara Jingga was mentioned as sira alaki dewa — she who has husband named dewa — refer to Adwayawarman (Mahisa Anabrang), a Singhasari general, the commander of Pamalayu expedition.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Although Devlin was vindicated and approached for advice on constitutional change,  Armitage was seen as an obstacle to progress and advised to leave Nyasaland prematurely.
Revised:  Devlin was vindicated and approached for advice on constitutional change, Armitage was seen as an obstacle to progress and advised to leave Nyasaland prematurely.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Although Devlin was vindicated and approached for advice on constitutional change,  Armitage was seen as an obstacle to progress and advised to leave Nyasaland prematurely.
Revised:  Although Devlin was vindicated and approached for advice on constitutional change, but Armitage was seen as an obstacle to progress and advised to leave Nyasaland prematurely.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Between 1892 and 1894, about 15\% of the total land area of the Nyasaland, including some 867,000 acres, or over 350,000 hectares of the best land in the Shire Highlands  the most densely populated part of the country, had been turned into European owned estates.
Revised:  Between 1892 and 1894, about 15\% of the total land area of the Nyasaland, including over 350,000 hectares of the best land in the Shire Highlands the most densely populated part of the country, had been turned into European owned estates.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Between 1892 and 1894, about 15\% of the total land area of the Nyasaland, including some 867,000 acres, or over 350,000 hectares of the best land in the Shire Highlands  the most densely populated part of the country, had been turned into European owned estates.
Revised:  Between 1892 and 1894, about 15\% of the total land area of the Nyasaland, including some 867,000 acres, or over 350,000 hectares of the best land in the Shire Highlands , the most densely populated part of the country, had been turned into European owned estates.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Between 1892 and 1894, about 15\% of the total land area of the Nyasaland, including some 867,000 acres, or over 350,000 hectares of the best land in the Shire Highlands  the most densely populated part of the country, had been turned into European owned estates.
Revised:  Between 1892 and 1894, about 15\% of the total land area of the Nyasaland, including some 867,000 acres, or over 350,000 hectares of the best land in the Shire Highlands the most densely populated part of the country, had been turned into European-owned estates.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Africans who were resident on these estates were required to pay rent, normally satisfied by their undertaking agricultural work for the owner under the system known as thangata, which later developed into a form of sharecropping.
Revised:  Africans who were resident on these estates were required to pay rent, normally satisfied by undertaking agricultural work for the owner under the system known as thangata, which later developed into a form of sharecropping.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  There were riots in some overcrowded districts in 1945 and between 1950 and 1953 , related to evictions and rent increases  and riots in August 1953 led to eleven dead and seventy-two injured.
Revised:  There were riots in some overcrowded districts in 1945 and between 1950 and 1953 related to evictions and rent increases and riots in August 1953 led to eleven dead and seventy-two injured.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  There were riots in some overcrowded districts in 1945 and between 1950 and 1953 , related to evictions and rent increases  and riots in August 1953 led to eleven dead and seventy-two injured.
Revised:  There were riots in some overcrowded districts in 1945 and between 1950 and 1953 , related to evictions and rent increases , and riots in August 1953 led to eleven dead and seventy-two injured.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The Abrahams Commission (also known the 1946 Land Commission) was appointed by the Nyasaland government in 1946 to inquire into land issues in Nyasaland following these riots and disturbances.
Revised:  The Abrahams Commission (also known the 1946 Land Commission) was appointed by the Nyasaland government to inquire into land issues in Nyasaland following these riots and disturbances.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The programme of land acquisition accelerated after 1951, and by 1957 the government had negotiated the purchase of most of the land it had targeted  .B Pachai, (1973).
Revised:  The programme of land acquisition accelerated after 1951, and by 1957 the government had negotiated the purchase of most of the land it had targeted for purchase .B Pachai, (1973).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The threat of Southern Rhodesian rule channeled demands for African political rights into the Nyasaland African Congress.
Revised:  The threat of Southern Rhodesian rule channeled African political demands into the Nyasaland African Congress.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Post-war British governments of both main parties agreed to a federal solution for Central Africa, not full amalgamation, as the Southern Rhodesian government preferred.
Revised:  Post-war British governments of both main parties agreed to a federal solution for Central Africa, not the full amalgamation that the Southern Rhodesian government preferred.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Banda was absolutely opposed to Federation, but otherwise quite moderate and far less radical that the younger Congress members.
Revised:  Banda was absolutely opposed to Federation, but otherwise quite moderate and far less radical that younger Congress members.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In the nine months between his return and the declaration of a State of Emergency, he combined opposition to Federation with more popular causes, such as the dislike of agricultural practices imposed on them to promote soil conservation  and also the remnants of thangata.
Revised:  In the nine months between his return and the declaration of a State of Emergency, he combined opposition to Federation with more popular causes, such as opposition to agricultural practices imposed on them to promote soil conservation and also the remnants of thangata.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In the nine months between his return and the declaration of a State of Emergency, he combined opposition to Federation with more popular causes, such as the dislike of agricultural practices imposed on them to promote soil conservation  and also the remnants of thangata.
Revised:  In the nine months between his return and the declaration of a State of Emergency, he combined opposition to Federation with more popular causes, such as the dislike of agricultural practices imposed on them to promote soil conservation , and also the remnants of thangata.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Action by Congress supporters became more violent, and Armitage decided against offering concessions, but prepared for mass arrests.
Revised:  When action by Congress supporters became more violent, and Armitage decided against offering concessions, but prepared for mass arrests.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Action by Congress supporters became more violent, and Armitage decided against offering concessions, but prepared for mass arrests.
Revised:  Action by Congress supporters became more violent, Armitage decided against offering concessions, but prepared for mass arrests.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  On 21 February, some European troops of the Rhodesia Regiment were flown into Nyasaland and, in the days immediately following, police or troops opened fire on rioters in several places, leading to four deaths.R.
Revised:  On 21 February, European troops of the Rhodesia Regiment were flown into Nyasaland and, in the days immediately following, police or troops opened fire on rioters in several places, leading to four deaths.R.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Armitage then decided to arrest almost the whole of the Congress organisation, as he was influenced by reports of a meeting of Congress leaders (held in Banda's absence) on 25 January 1959  which approved a policy of strikes, retaliation against police violence, sabotage and defiance of the government.
Revised:  Armitage then decided to arrest almost the whole of the Congress organisation, as he was influenced by reports of a meeting of Congress leaders (held in Banda's absence) on 25 January 1959 , which approved a policy of strikes, retaliation against police violence, sabotage and defiance of the government.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Reports by police informers formed the basis for the claim by the Head of Special Branch of plans for the indiscriminate killing of Europeans and Asians, and of those Africans opposed to Congress , the so-called "murder plot"  .
Revised:  Reports by police informers formed the basis for the claim by the Head of Special Branch that there were plans for the indiscriminate killing of Europeans and Asians, and of those Africans opposed to Congress , the so-called "murder plot" .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Reports by police informers formed the basis for the claim by the Head of Special Branch of plans for the indiscriminate killing of Europeans and Asians, and of those Africans opposed to Congress , the so-called "murder plot"  .
Revised:  Reports by police informers formed the basis for the claim by the Head of Special Branch of plans for the indiscriminate killing of Europeans and Asians, and of those Africans opposed to Congress ( the so-called "murder plot" .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Reports by police informers formed the basis for the claim by the Head of Special Branch of plans for the indiscriminate killing of Europeans and Asians, and of those Africans opposed to Congress , the so-called "murder plot"  .
Revised:  Reports by police informers formed the basis for the claim by the Head of Special Branch of plans for the indiscriminate killing of Europeans and Asians, and of those Africans opposed to Congress , the so-called "murder plot" ) .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  However, Banda and his colleagues refused to condemn the violent actions of Congress members, which were increasingly directed at Africans who failed to support Congress.
Revised:  However, Banda and his colleagues refused to condemn the violent actions of Congress members, which were increasingly directed against Africans who failed to support Congress.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In total, over 1,000 troops were sent to Nyasaland from Southern Rhodesia or Northern Rhodesia, including European troops of the Royal Rhodesia Regiment and African troops of the Rhodesia African Rifles and Northern Rhodesian Rifles .C Baker, (1998).
Revised:  In total, over 1,000 troops were sent to Nyasaland from Southern or Northern Rhodesia, including European troops of the Royal Rhodesia Regiment and African troops of the Rhodesia African Rifles and Northern Rhodesian Rifles .C Baker, (1998).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In total, over 1,000 troops were sent to Nyasaland from Southern Rhodesia or Northern Rhodesia, including European troops of the Royal Rhodesia Regiment and African troops of the Rhodesia African Rifles and Northern Rhodesian Rifles .C Baker, (1998).
Revised:  In total, over 1,000 troops were sent to Nyasaland from Southern Rhodesia or Northern Rhodesia, including both European and African troops of the Rhodesia African Rifles and Northern Rhodesian Rifles .C Baker, (1998).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In total, over 1,000 troops were sent to Nyasaland from Southern Rhodesia or Northern Rhodesia, including European troops of the Royal Rhodesia Regiment and African troops of the Rhodesia African Rifles and Northern Rhodesian Rifles .C Baker, (1998).
Revised:  In total, over 1,000 troops were sent to Nyasaland from Southern Rhodesia or Northern Rhodesia, including European troops of the Royal Rhodesia Regiment and African troops .C Baker, (1998).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  On 3 March 1959 Armitage, as governor of Nyasaland, declared a State of Emergency over the whole of the protectorate and arrested Dr. Hastings Banda, its president  and other members of its executive committee , as well as over a hundred local party officials.
Revised:  On 3 March 1959 Armitage, as governor of Nyasaland, declared a State of Emergency over the whole of the protectorate and arrested Dr. Banda, its president and other members of its executive committee , as well as over a hundred local party officials.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  On 3 March 1959 Armitage, as governor of Nyasaland, declared a State of Emergency over the whole of the protectorate and arrested Dr. Hastings Banda, its president  and other members of its executive committee , as well as over a hundred local party officials.
Revised:  On 3 March 1959 Armitage, as governor of Nyasaland, declared a State of Emergency over the whole of the protectorate and arrested Dr. Hastings Banda, its president , and other members of its executive committee , as well as over a hundred local party officials.
Edit intent: fluency