wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original: A shoulder presentation refers to a malpresentation at childbirth where the baby is in a transverse lie (its vertebral column is perpendicular to that of the mother), thus the leading part (the part that enters first the birth canal) is an arm,  shoulder, or the trunk.
Revised: A shoulder presentation refers to a malpresentation at childbirth where the baby is in a transverse lie (its vertebral column is perpendicular to that of the mother), thus the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal) is an arm, shoulder, or the trunk.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: A shoulder presentation refers to a malpresentation at childbirth where the baby is in a transverse lie (its vertebral column is perpendicular to that of the mother), thus the leading part (the part that enters first the birth canal) is an arm,  shoulder, or the trunk.
Revised: A shoulder presentation refers to a malpresentation at childbirth where the baby is in a transverse lie (its vertebral column is perpendicular to that of the mother), thus the leading part (the part that enters first the birth canal) is an arm, a shoulder, or the trunk.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Frequency and causes Shoulder presentations are uncommon (about 0.5\% of births) as usuallytowards the end of gestation  either the head or the buttocks start to enter the upper part of the pelvis  anchoring the fetus in a longitudinal lie.
Revised:  Frequency and causes Shoulder presentations are uncommon (about 0.5\% of births) since, usually, toward the end of gestation either the head or the buttocks start to enter the upper part of the pelvis anchoring the fetus in a longitudinal lie.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Frequency and causes Shoulder presentations are uncommon (about 0.5\% of births) as usuallytowards the end of gestation  either the head or the buttocks start to enter the upper part of the pelvis  anchoring the fetus in a longitudinal lie.
Revised:  Frequency and causes Shoulder presentations are uncommon (about 0.5\% of births) as usuallytowards the end of gestation , either the head or the buttocks start to enter the upper part of the pelvis anchoring the fetus in a longitudinal lie.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Frequency and causes Shoulder presentations are uncommon (about 0.5\% of births) as usuallytowards the end of gestation  either the head or the buttocks start to enter the upper part of the pelvis  anchoring the fetus in a longitudinal lie.
Revised:  Frequency and causes Shoulder presentations are uncommon (about 0.5\% of births) as usuallytowards the end of gestation either the head or the buttocks start to enter the upper part of the pelvis , anchoring the fetus in a longitudinal lie.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It is not known in all cases of shoulder presentation why the longitudinal lie is not reached, but possible causes include bony abnormalities of the pelvis, uterine abnormalities such as malformations or tumors (fibroids), and other tumors in the pelvis or abdomen can also lead to a shoulder presentation .
Revised:  It is not known in all cases of shoulder presentation why the longitudinal lie is not reached, but possible causes include bony abnormalities of the pelvis, uterine abnormalities such as malformations or tumors (fibroids), or other tumors in the pelvis or abdomen can also lead to a shoulder presentation .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It is not known in all cases of shoulder presentation why the longitudinal lie is not reached, but possible causes include bony abnormalities of the pelvis, uterine abnormalities such as malformations or tumors (fibroids), and other tumors in the pelvis or abdomen can also lead to a shoulder presentation .
Revised:  It is not known in all cases of shoulder presentation why the longitudinal lie is not reached, but possible causes include bony abnormalities of the pelvis, uterine abnormalities such as malformations or tumors (fibroids), and other tumors in the pelvis or abdomen .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Other factors are a lax abdominal musculature, uterine overdistension (i.e.  polyhydramnios), multiple gestation, placenta previa, a small fetus, or a fetus with some abnormality.
Revised:  Other factors are a lax abdominal musculature, uterine overdistension (i.e. , polyhydramnios), multiple gestation, placenta previa, a small fetus, or a fetus with some abnormality.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Further, if the amniotic fluid sac ruptures  the shoulder or arm may become wedged as a shoulder presentation.
Revised:  Further, if the amniotic fluid sac ruptures , the shoulder or arm may become wedged as a shoulder presentation.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: A Black Lady Sketch Show shoulder presentation refers to a malpresentation at childbirth where the baby is in a transverse lie (its vertebral column is perpendicular to that of the mother), thus the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal) is an arm, a shoulder, or the trunk.
Revised: A shoulder presentation refers to a malpresentation at childbirth where the baby is in a transverse lie (its vertebral column is perpendicular to that of the mother), thus the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal) is an arm, a shoulder, or the trunk.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: 200px|The territory of the proposed federation The North Borneo Federation, also known as North Kalimantan or Negara Kesatuan Kalimantan Utara in Malay, was a proposed political entity which would have comprised the British Colonies of Sarawak, British North Borneo (now known as the Malaysian state of Sabah) and the protectorate of Brunei.
Revised:  The North Borneo Federation, also known as North Kalimantan or Negara Kesatuan Kalimantan Utara in Malay, was a proposed political entity which would have comprised the British Colonies of Sarawak, British North Borneo (now known as the Malaysian state of Sabah) and the protectorate of Brunei.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He is often said to be the "Shakespeare of ballads" – he wrote more than 102 ballads that have been translated into over 50 languages, as well as the Toldi trilogy , to mention his most famous works .
Revised:  He is often said to be the "Shakespeare of ballads" – he wrote more than 102 ballads that have been translated into over 50 languages, as well as the Toldi trilogy .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He was the youngest of ten children, but because of tuberculosis kacsa in the family, only two of them lived beyond childhood.
Revised:  He was the youngest of ten children, but because of tuberculosis running in the family, only two of them lived beyond childhood.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Denominations and definitions 344x344px Dimensions of language, ethnicity, and origin complicate the terms dividing the populations of Finland and Sweden.
Revised: Denominations and definitions Dimensions of language, ethnicity, and origin complicate the terms dividing the populations of Finland and Sweden.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Today Today , Finns are the largest immigrant group in Sweden, and Finnish is an official minority language of Sweden.
Revised: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Today Today Finnish is an official minority language of Sweden.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Sweden-Finns should not be confused with the Swedish-speaking Finland-Swedes in Finland, who comprise a linguistic minority in Finland.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  ) are a Finnish-speaking national minority in Sweden consisting of Finns historically residing in Sweden as well as Finnish immigrants to Sweden .
Revised:  ) are a Finnish-speaking national minority in Sweden .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: File:Auklet flock Shumagins 1986.jpg|350px|A flock of auklets exhibit swarm behaviour ]] Swarm behaviour , or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction.
Revised: File:Auklet flock Shumagins 1986.jpg|350px|A flock of auklets exhibit swarm behavior ]] Swarm behaviour , or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: File:Auklet flock Shumagins 1986.jpg|350px|A flock of auklets exhibit swarm behaviour ]] Swarm behaviour , or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction.
Revised: File:Auklet flock Shumagins 1986.jpg|350px|A flock of auklets exhibit swarm behaviour ]] Swarm behavior , or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: File:Auklet flock Shumagins 1986.jpg|350px|A flock of auklets exhibit swarm behaviour ]] Swarm behaviour , or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction.
Revised: File:Auklet flock Shumagins 1986.jpg|350px|A flock of auklets exhibit swarm behaviour ]] Swarm behaviour , or swarming, is a collective behavior exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  As a term, swarming is applied particularly to insects, but can also be applied to any other entity or animal that exhibits swarm behaviour .
Revised:  As a term, swarming is applied particularly to insects, but can also be applied to any other entity or animal that exhibits swarm behavior .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The term flocking or murmuration can refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in tetrapods, and shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish.
Revised:  The term flocking or murmuration can refer specifically to swarm behavior in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in tetrapods, and shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The term flocking or murmuration can refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in tetrapods, and shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish.
Revised:  The term flocking or murmuration can refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behavior in tetrapods, and shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The term flocking or murmuration can refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in tetrapods, and shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish.
Revised:  The term flocking or murmuration can refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in tetrapods, and shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behavior in fish.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  By extension, the term "swarm" is applied also to inanimate entities which exhibit parallel behaviours , as in a robot swarm, an earthquake swarm, or a swarm of stars.
Revised:  By extension, the term "swarm" is applied also to inanimate entities which exhibit parallel behaviors , as in a robot swarm, an earthquake swarm, or a swarm of stars.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  From a more abstract point of view, swarm behaviour is the collective motion of a large number of self-propelled entities.
Revised:  From a more abstract point of view, swarm behavior is the collective motion of a large number of self-propelled entities.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  From the perspective of the mathematical modeller, it is an emergent behaviour arising from simple rules that are followed by individuals and does not involve any central coordination.
Revised:  From the perspective of the mathematical modeller, it is an emergent behavior arising from simple rules that are followed by individuals and does not involve any central coordination.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Swarm behaviour is also studied by active matter physicists as a phenomenon which is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, and as such requires the development of tools beyond those available from the statistical physics of systems in thermodynamic equilibrium.
Revised:  Swarm behavior is also studied by active matter physicists as a phenomenon which is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, and as such requires the development of tools beyond those available from the statistical physics of systems in thermodynamic equilibrium.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Swarm behaviour was first simulated on a computer in 1986 with the simulation program boids.
Revised:  Swarm behavior was first simulated on a computer in 1986 with the simulation program boids.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The model was originally designed to mimic the flocking behaviour of birds, but it can be applied also to schooling fish and other swarming entities.
Revised:  The model was originally designed to mimic the flocking behavior of birds, but it can be applied also to schooling fish and other swarming entities.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In recent decades, scientists have turned to modeling swarm behaviour to gain a deeper understanding of the behaviour . Early studies of swarm behaviour employed mathematical models to simulate and understand the behaviour .
Revised:  In recent decades, scientists have turned to modeling swarm behavior to gain a deeper understanding of the behaviour . Early studies of swarm behaviour employed mathematical models to simulate and understand the behaviour .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In recent decades, scientists have turned to modeling swarm behaviour to gain a deeper understanding of the behaviour . Early studies of swarm behaviour employed mathematical models to simulate and understand the behaviour .
Revised:  In recent decades, scientists have turned to modeling swarm behaviour to gain a deeper understanding of the behavior . Early studies of swarm behaviour employed mathematical models to simulate and understand the behaviour .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In recent decades, scientists have turned to modeling swarm behaviour to gain a deeper understanding of the behaviour . Early studies of swarm behaviour employed mathematical models to simulate and understand the behaviour .
Revised:  In recent decades, scientists have turned to modeling swarm behaviour to gain a deeper understanding of the behaviour . Early studies of swarm behavior employed mathematical models to simulate and understand the behaviour .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In recent decades, scientists have turned to modeling swarm behaviour to gain a deeper understanding of the behaviour . Early studies of swarm behaviour employed mathematical models to simulate and understand the behaviour .
Revised:  In recent decades, scientists have turned to modeling swarm behaviour to gain a deeper understanding of the behaviour . Early studies of swarm behaviour employed mathematical models to simulate and understand the behavior .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The simplest mathematical models of animal swarms generally represent individual animals as following three rules: Move in the same direction as their neighbours Remain close to their neighbours Avoid collisions with their neighbours The boids computer program, created by Craig Reynolds in 1986, simulates swarm behaviour following the above rules.
Revised:  The simplest mathematical models of animal swarms generally represent individual animals as following three rules: Move in the same direction as their neighbors Remain close to their neighbours Avoid collisions with their neighbours The boids computer program, created by Craig Reynolds in 1986, simulates swarm behaviour following the above rules.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The simplest mathematical models of animal swarms generally represent individual animals as following three rules: Move in the same direction as their neighbours Remain close to their neighbours Avoid collisions with their neighbours The boids computer program, created by Craig Reynolds in 1986, simulates swarm behaviour following the above rules.
Revised:  The simplest mathematical models of animal swarms generally represent individual animals as following three rules: Move in the same direction as their neighbours Remain close to their neighbors Avoid collisions with their neighbours The boids computer program, created by Craig Reynolds in 1986, simulates swarm behaviour following the above rules.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The simplest mathematical models of animal swarms generally represent individual animals as following three rules: Move in the same direction as their neighbours Remain close to their neighbours Avoid collisions with their neighbours The boids computer program, created by Craig Reynolds in 1986, simulates swarm behaviour following the above rules.
Revised:  The simplest mathematical models of animal swarms generally represent individual animals as following three rules: Move in the same direction as their neighbours Remain close to their neighbours Avoid collisions with their neighbors The boids computer program, created by Craig Reynolds in 1986, simulates swarm behaviour following the above rules.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The simplest mathematical models of animal swarms generally represent individual animals as following three rules: Move in the same direction as their neighbours Remain close to their neighbours Avoid collisions with their neighbours The boids computer program, created by Craig Reynolds in 1986, simulates swarm behaviour following the above rules.
Revised:  The simplest mathematical models of animal swarms generally represent individual animals as following three rules: Move in the same direction as their neighbours Remain close to their neighbours Avoid collisions with their neighbours The boids computer program, created by Craig Reynolds in 1986, simulates swarm behavior following the above rules.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In the "zone of repulsion", very close to the animal, the focal animal will seek to distance itself from its neighbours to avoid collision.
Revised:  In the "zone of repulsion", very close to the animal, the focal animal will seek to distance itself from its neighbors to avoid collision.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Slightly further away, in the "zone of alignment", the focal animal will seek to align its direction of motion with its neighbours .
Revised:  Slightly further away, in the "zone of alignment", the focal animal will seek to align its direction of motion with its neighbors .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Another recent study, based on an analysis of high-speed camera footage of flocks above Rome and assuming minimal behavioural rules, has convincingly simulated a number of aspects of flock behaviour .
Revised:  Another recent study, based on an analysis of high-speed camera footage of flocks above Rome and assuming minimal behavioral rules, has convincingly simulated a number of aspects of flock behaviour .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Another recent study, based on an analysis of high-speed camera footage of flocks above Rome and assuming minimal behavioural rules, has convincingly simulated a number of aspects of flock behaviour .
Revised:  Another recent study, based on an analysis of high-speed camera footage of flocks above Rome and assuming minimal behavioural rules, has convincingly simulated a number of aspects of flock behavior .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Evolutionary models In order to gain insight into why animals evolve swarming behaviours , scientists have turned to evolutionary models that simulate populations of evolving animals.
Revised:  Evolutionary models In order to gain insight into why animals evolve swarming behaviors , scientists have turned to evolutionary models that simulate populations of evolving animals.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  These studies have investigated a number of hypotheses attempting to explain why animals evolve swarming behaviours , such as the selfish herd theory the predator confusion effect, the dilution effect, and the many eyes theory.
Revised:  These studies have investigated a number of hypotheses attempting to explain why animals evolve swarming behaviors , such as the selfish herd theory the predator confusion effect, the dilution effect, and the many eyes theory.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Despite the lack of centralized decision making, ant colonies exhibit complex behaviours and have even been able to demonstrate the ability to solve geometric problems.
Revised:  Despite the lack of centralized decision making, ant colonies exhibit complex behaviors and have even been able to demonstrate the ability to solve geometric problems.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Swarm intelligence is the collective behaviour of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial.
Revised:  Swarm intelligence is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The agents follow very simple rules, and although there is no centralized control structure dictating how individual agents should behave, local, and to a certain degree random, interactions between such agents lead to the emergence of intelligent global behaviour , unknown to the individual agents.
Revised:  The agents follow very simple rules, and although there is no centralized control structure dictating how individual agents should behave, local, and to a certain degree random, interactions between such agents lead to the emergence of intelligent global behavior , unknown to the individual agents.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It can be divided into natural swarm research studying biological systems and artificial swarm research studying human artefacts .
Revised:  It can be divided into natural swarm research studying biological systems and artificial swarm research studying human artifacts .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Ant colony optimization is a widely used algorithm which was inspired by the behaviours of ants, and has been effective solving discrete optimization problems related to swarming.
Revised:  Ant colony optimization is a widely used algorithm which was inspired by the behaviors of ants, and has been effective solving discrete optimization problems related to swarming.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), pp. 143–179 Ants are behaviourally unsophisticated;
Revised: Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), pp. 143–179 Ants are behaviorally unsophisticated;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Simulations demonstrate that a suitable "nearest neighbour rule" eventually results in all the particles swarming together, or moving in the same direction.
Revised:  Simulations demonstrate that a suitable "nearest neighbor rule" eventually results in all the particles swarming together, or moving in the same direction.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This emerges, even though there is no centralized coordination, and even though the neighbours for each particle constantly change over time.
Revised:  This emerges, even though there is no centralized coordination, and even though the neighbors for each particle constantly change over time.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Swarming systems give rise to emergent behaviours which occur at many different scales, some of which are both universal and robust.
Revised:  Swarming systems give rise to emergent behaviors which occur at many different scales, some of which are both universal and robust.
Edit intent: fluency