wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  We show that for any deterministic learning algorithm that uses m training examples, there is an adversary who substitutes O(  \sqrt m) of the examples with other (still correctly labeled) ones and can almost fully degrade the confidence parameter of any PAC learning algorithm or alternatively increase the risk to almost 1 if the adversary also knows the final test example .
Revised:  We show that for any deterministic learning algorithm that uses m training examples, there is an adversary who substitutes O( ( \sqrt m) of the examples with other (still correctly labeled) ones and can almost fully degrade the confidence parameter of any PAC learning algorithm or alternatively increase the risk to almost 1 if the adversary also knows the final test example .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We show that for any deterministic learning algorithm that uses m training examples, there is an adversary who substitutes O(  \sqrt m) of the examples with other (still correctly labeled) ones and can almost fully degrade the confidence parameter of any PAC learning algorithm or alternatively increase the risk to almost 1 if the adversary also knows the final test example .
Revised:  We show that for any deterministic learning algorithm that uses m training examples, there is an adversary who substitutes O( \sqrt m) of the examples with other (still correctly labeled) examples .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We also apply our estimators to improve online advertisement design by a major advertisement company.
Revised:  We then apply our estimators to improve online advertisement design by a major advertisement company.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also apply our estimators to improve online advertisement design by a major advertisement company.
Revised:  We also apply our estimators to improve advertisement design by a major advertisement company.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this work we investigate the computational aspects of  finding the optimal strategy of strategic diffusion .
Revised:  In this work we investigate the computational aspects of strategic diffusion, i.e., finding the optimal strategy of strategic diffusion .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We prove that finding an optimal solution to the problem is NP-complete in a general case.
Revised:  We prove that finding an optimal solution to this problem is NP-complete in a general case.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The spiking neural networks (SNNs) , the 3rd generation of neural networks, are considered as one of the most promising artificial neural networks due to their energy-efficient computing capability.
Revised: The spiking neural networks (SNNs) are considered as one of the most promising artificial neural networks due to their energy-efficient computing capability.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: The spiking neural networks (SNNs) , the 3rd generation of neural networks, are considered as one of the most promising artificial neural networks due to their energy-efficient computing capability.
Revised: The spiking neural networks (SNNs) , the 3rd generation of neural networks, are considered as one of the most promising artificial neural networks due to their energy efficient computing capability.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Despite their potential, the SNNs have a limited applicability owing to difficulties in training.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Recently, conversion of a trained deep neural network (DNN) model to an SNN model has been extensively studied as an alternative approach.
Revised:  Recently, conversion of a trained deep neural network to an SNN model has been extensively studied as an alternative approach.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Furthermore, we introduce a novel hybrid neural coding scheme that uses different neural coding schemes for different types of layers .
Revised:  Furthermore, we introduce a novel hybrid neural coding scheme in deep SNNs .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our experimental results for various image classification datasets, such as MNIST, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, showed that the proposed methods can improve inference  efficiency and shorten the latency while preserving high accuracy.
Revised:  Our experimental results showed the proposed methods can improve inference efficiency and shorten the latency while preserving high accuracy.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In particular, we propose a continuous time Markov chain model, where players arrive and depart according to a stochastic process, and determine their investment strategies based on the number of other players in the system.
Revised:  In particular, we propose a continuous time Markov chain model, where players arrive and depart according to a stochastic process, and determine their investment strategies based on the state of the system.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we consider that the players are Markovian, that is, they determine their strategies which maximize their expected utility , while ignoring past payoffs.
Revised:  We consider that the players are Markovian, that is, they determine their strategies which maximize their expected utility , while ignoring past payoffs.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we consider that the players are Markovian, that is, they determine their strategies which maximize their expected utility , while ignoring past payoffs.
Revised:  In this paper, we consider that the players are Markovian, that is, they determine their strategies which maximize their expected utilities , while ignoring past payoffs.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We show that, in statewise Nash equilibrium, players with costs exceeding a particular threshold do not invest, while players with costs less than this threshold invest maximum power.
Revised:  We show that, in statewise Nash equilibrium, players with costs exceeding a certain threshold do not invest, while players with costs less than this threshold invest maximum power.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We study a stochastic game framework with varying number of players, for modeling and analyzing their computational investment strategies in distributed computing , for solving a problem such as in blockchain mining.
Revised: We study a stochastic game framework with dynamic set of players, for modeling and analyzing their computational investment strategies in distributed computing , for solving a problem such as in blockchain mining.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The players obtain a certain reward for being the first to solve the problem , while incur a certain cost based on the  time and computational power invested in the attempt to solve it.
Revised:  The players obtain a certain reward for being the first to solve the problem , while incur a certain cost based on the invested time and computational power invested in the attempt to solve it.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We first study a scenario where the rate of problem getting solved is proportional to the total computational power invested by the players .
Revised:  We first study a scenario where the reward is offered for solving the problem, such as in blockchain mining .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that, in statewise Nash equilibrium, players with costs exceeding a certain threshold  do not invest , while players with costs less than this threshold invest maximum power.
Revised:  We show that, in statewise Nash equilibrium, players with costs exceeding a certain threshold , do not invest , while players with costs less than this threshold invest maximum power.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We show that, in statewise Nash equilibrium, players with costs exceeding a certain threshold  do not invest , while players with costs less than this threshold invest maximum power.
Revised:  We show that, in statewise Nash equilibrium, players with costs exceeding a certain threshold do not invest ; while those with cost parameters less than this threshold invest maximum power.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We then consider a scenario where the rate of problem getting solved is independent of the computational power invested by players .
Revised:  We then consider a scenario where the reward is offered for contributing to the computational power invested by players .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Here, we show that, in statewise Nash equilibrium, only the players with cost parameters in a relatively low range  , invest.
Revised:  Here, we show that, in statewise Nash equilibrium, only players with cost parameters in a relatively low range , invest.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Here, we show that, in statewise Nash equilibrium, only the players with cost parameters in a relatively low range  , invest.
Revised:  Here, we show that, in statewise Nash equilibrium, only the players with cost parameters in a relatively low range in a given state , invest.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also show that, in Markov perfect equilibrium, players invest proportionally to the reward-cost ratio.
Revised:  For the case where players are homogeneous, they invest proportionally to the reward-cost ratio.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Using simulations, we quantify the effects of  arrival and departure rates on players' expected utilities and provide insights.
Revised:  Using simulations, we quantify the effects of players' arrival and departure rates on players' expected utilities and provide insights.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Using simulations, we quantify the effects of  arrival and departure rates on players' expected utilities and provide insights.
Revised:  Using simulations, we quantify the effects of arrival and departure rates on their utilities using simulations and provide additional insights.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Recommending on small e-commerce enterprises are rather challenging due to the lower volume of interactions and low user loyalty, rarely extending beyond a single session.
Revised:  Recommending on small e-commerce enterprises is rather challenging due to the lower volume of interactions and low user loyalty, rarely extending beyond a single session.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: We introduce the notion of tropical defects, certificates that a system of polynomial equations is not a tropical basis, and provide  algorithms for finding them around affine spaces of complementary dimension to the zero set.
Revised: We introduce the notion of tropical defects, certificates that a system of polynomial equations is not a tropical basis, and provide algorithms for finding them in affine spaces of complementary dimension to the zero set.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We use these techniques to solve open problems regarding del Pezzo surfaces of degree 3 and realizability of valuated gaussoids of rank 4.
Revised:  We use these techniques to solve open problems regarding del Pezzo surfaces of degree 3 and realizability of valuated gaussoids on 4 elements.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We establish conditions under which applying likelihood analysis guarantees the existence of a local maximum of the time-varying likelihood function and prove that a expectation maximization algorithm provides a convergent estimate.
Revised:  We establish conditions under which applying likelihood analysis guarantees the existence of a local maximum of the time-varying likelihood function and prove that an expectation maximization algorithm provides a convergent estimate.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Furthermore, the in-degree distributions of the nodes in the growing networks is analytically characterized.
Revised:  Furthermore, the in-degree distributions of the nodes in the growing networks are analytically characterized.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Simulations show that, under the proposed conditions, expectation maximization and maximum-likelihood accurately estimate the actual contribution of each mechanism, and in-degree distributions converge to a stationary distributions.
Revised:  Simulations show that, under the proposed conditions, expectation maximization and maximum-likelihood accurately estimate the actual contribution of each mechanism, and in-degree distributions converge to stationary distributions.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this paper, we show that {\sf MaxSWP} on trees can be solved in time O(\Delta^2n), where n is the number of vertices and \Delta is the maximum degree of G . Moreover, we show that {\sf MaxSWP} is NP-hard even for 4-regular graphs.
Revised:  In this paper, we show that {\sf MaxSWP} of a tree can be solved in time O(\Delta^2n), where n is the number of vertices and \Delta is the maximum degree of G . Moreover, we show that {\sf MaxSWP} is NP-hard even for 4-regular graphs.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We study the problem to find a partition of graph G with maximum social welfare based on social distance between vertices in G, called %DIFDELCMD < {\sf %%% MaxSWP . This problem is known to be NP-hard in general.
Revised: We study the problem to find a partition of graph G with maximum social welfare based on social distance between vertices in G, called %DIFDELCMD < {\sf %%% MaxSWP . This problem is known to be NP-hard in general.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Then, by utilizing the results, we present %DIFDELCMD < {\sf %DIFDELCMD < %%% MaxSWP of a tree can be solved in linear time.
Revised:  Then, by utilizing the results, we present %DIFDELCMD < {\sf %DIFDELCMD < %%% MaxSWP of a tree can be solved in linear time.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Moreover, we show that %DIFDELCMD < {\sf %DIFDELCMD < %%% MaxSWP is NP-hard even for 4-regular graphs.
Revised:  Moreover, we show that %DIFDELCMD < {\sf %DIFDELCMD < %%% MaxSWP is NP-hard even for 4-regular graphs.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this paper, we first give a complete characterization of optimal partitions of trees with small diameters based on analytical analyses .
Revised:  In this paper, we first give a complete characterization of optimal partitions of trees with small diameters .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Then, by utilizing the results, we present MaxSWP of a tree can be solved in linear time  .
Revised:  Then, by utilizing these results, we present MaxSWP of a tree can be solved in linear time .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Then, by utilizing the results, we present MaxSWP of a tree can be solved in linear time  .
Revised:  Then, by utilizing the results, we show that MaxSWP can be solved in linear time .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The database consists of 200  10-second 12-lead ECG signal records representing a wide class of different morphologies of the ECG signal .
Revised:  The database consists of 200 samples of 10-second 12-lead ECG signal records representing a wide class of different morphologies of the ECG signal .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The database consists of 200  10-second 12-lead ECG signal records representing a wide class of different morphologies of the ECG signal .
Revised:  The database consists of 200 10-second 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) from different subjects .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The boundaries of the ECG signal complexes were manually annotated by cardiologists for all 200 records independently for each lead.
Revised:  The boundaries of the ECG signal complexes are manually annotated by cardiologists for all 200 records independently for each lead.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The boundaries of the ECG signal complexes were manually annotated by cardiologists for all 200 records independently for each lead.
Revised:  The boundaries of the ECG signal complexes were manually annotated by cardiologists for all samples and independently for each lead.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The boundaries of the ECG signal complexes are manually annotated by cardiologists for all samples and independently for each lead .
Revised:  The boundaries of the ECG signal complexes are manually annotated by cardiologists for all recordings and independently for each lead .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Transmitting nodes are equipped with single light fixtures, containing multiple light emitting diodes, and receiving nodes are equipped with single photo-detectors, rendering the considered setting as a single-input single-output system.
Revised:  Transmitters are equipped with single light fixtures, containing multiple light emitting diodes, and receiving nodes are equipped with single photo-detectors, rendering the considered setting as a single-input single-output system.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Effects of changing functional composition on nutrient cycling in soil communities are still not well understood.
Revised: Effects of changes in functional composition of soil communities on nutrient cycling in soil communities are still not well understood.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Effects of changing functional composition on nutrient cycling in soil communities are still not well understood.
Revised: Effects of changing functional composition on nutrient cycling are still not well understood.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Here, we present a new model of soil food web dynamics accounting for allometric scaling of metabolic rate and ontogeny of organic matter along with explicit representation of nitrogen and carbon flows.
Revised:  Here, we present a new model of soil food web dynamics accounting for allometric scaling of metabolic rate , ontogeny of organic matter along with explicit representation of nitrogen and carbon flows.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Here, we present a new model of soil food web dynamics accounting for allometric scaling of metabolic rate and ontogeny of organic matter along with explicit representation of nitrogen and carbon flows.
Revised:  Here, we present a new model of soil food web dynamics accounting for allometric scaling of metabolic rate and ontogeny of organic matter , and explicit representation of nitrogen and carbon flows.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We use this model to determine which traits are best predictors of species effects on community productivity , and on nutrient cycling.
Revised:  We use this model to investigate what traits are best predictors of species effects on community productivity , and on nutrient cycling.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We use this model to determine which traits are best predictors of species effects on community productivity , and on nutrient cycling.
Revised:  We use this model to determine which traits are best predictors of species effects on community productivity and on nutrient cycling.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  To do so, we simulated tropho-species extinction from 48 forest soil food webs and assessed their effects on the biomass of each component (consumers, detritus, producers, microbes and nitrogen) .
Revised:  To do so, we simulated tropho-species extinction from 48 forest soil food webs , and simulated their dynamics until equilibrium .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Simulations revealed that combinations of traits determine species effects .
Revised:  Simulations revealed that combinations of traits better determine removal effects than single ones .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The smallest species with a low C:N ratio are the most competitive ones, but carnivores of various body masses presenting the highest connectivity and resource similarity could be key stone species in the regulation of competitive forces.
Revised:  The smallest species are the most competitive ones, but carnivores of various body masses presenting the highest connectivity and resource similarity could be key stone species in the regulation of competitive forces.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also highlight for the first time that food web structure and soil fertility can drastically change species effects in an unpreventable way.
Revised:  We also highlight for the first time that food web structure and soil fertility can drastically change species effects in an unpredictable way.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We consider the sensitivity of real zeros of  polynomial systems with respect to perturbation of the coefficients , and extend our earlier probabilistic estimates for the condition number in two directions: (1) We give refined bounds for the condition number of random structured polynomial systems, depending on a variant of sparsity and an intrinsic geometric quantity called dispersion.
Revised: We consider the sensitivity of real zeros of polynomial systems , and extend our earlier probabilistic estimates for the condition number in two directions: (1) We give refined bounds for the condition number of random structured polynomial systems, depending on a variant of sparsity and an intrinsic geometric quantity called dispersion.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In particular, we provide explicit estimates for condition numbers of structured random real polynomial systems, and extend these estimates to  smoothed analysis setting.
Revised:  In particular, we provide explicit estimates for condition numbers of structured random real polynomial systems, and extend these estimates to the smoothed analysis setting.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The proposed approach accounts for all alternative models and incorporates the economic reality of the fictitious adversary.
Revised:  The proposed approach accounts for equivalent and non-equivalent probability measures and incorporates the economic reality of the fictitious adversary.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The Wasserstein approach suits for all types of model risk problems, ranging from the single-asset hedging risk problem to the multi-asset allocation problem.
Revised:  The Wasserstein approach suits for various types of model risk problems, ranging from the single-asset hedging risk problem to the multi-asset allocation problem.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The robust capital allocation line, accounting for the correlation risk, is not achievable with other non-parametric approaches.
Revised:  The robust capital market line, accounting for the correlation risk, is not achievable with other non-parametric approaches.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  With a generative model for comment trees, based on marked multivariate Hawkes processes, we leverage word inheritance, temporal information, and source identity to estimate tree structure.
Revised:  With a generative model based on marked multivariate Hawkes processes, we leverage word inheritance, temporal information, and source identity to estimate tree structure.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A node must intercept only one of the packlets to know that there is an ongoing transmission .
Revised:  A node must intercept only one of the packlets to detect that there is an ongoing transmission .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Second, Whisper exploits the structure of the signaling packet to reduce idle listening and, thus, to reduce the  radio-on time of the nodes.
Revised:  Second, Whisper exploits the structure of the signaling packet to reduce idle listening and, thus, to reduce the overall radio-on time of the nodes.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Third, it relies on synchronous transmissions to quickly flood the signaling packet through the network.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Our evaluation on the Flocklab testbed shows that Whisper achieves comparable reliability but significantly lower radio-on time than Glossy -- a state-of-the-art flooding algorithm.
Revised:  Our evaluation on the FlockLab testbed shows that Whisper achieves comparable reliability but significantly lower radio-on time than Glossy -- a state-of-the-art flooding algorithm.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: This paper addresses the consensus of a class of  nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems (FOMAS) with positive real uncertainty .
Revised: This paper addresses the consensus of a class of nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems (FOMAS) .
Edit intent: clarity