wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  Our estimates of net migration rates indicate that while Russia has been a donor country in the late 1990s and early 2000s, it has experienced a relatively balanced circulation of researchers in more recent years.
Revised:  Our estimates of net migration rates indicate that while Russia was a donor country in the late 1990s and early 2000s, it has experienced a relatively balanced circulation of researchers in more recent years.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   Overall, researchers emigrating from Russia outnumber and outperform researchers immigrating to Russia.
Revised:  Overall, researchers emigrating from Russia outnumbered and outperformed researchers immigrating to Russia.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Using subject categories of publications, we quantify the impact of migration on each discipline of scholarship.
Revised:  Our analysis on the subject categories of publications, we quantify the impact of migration on each discipline of scholarship.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our analysis shows that Russia has suffered a net loss in most disciplines and more notably in five disciplines of neuroscience, decision sciences, mathematics, biochemistry, and pharmacology.
Revised:  Our analysis shows that Russia has suffered a net loss in most disciplines , and most notably in the five disciplines of neuroscience, decision sciences, mathematics, biochemistry, and pharmacology.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Our substantive results reveal new aspects of international mobility in academia and its impact on a national science system which speak directly to policy development.
Revised:  Our substantive results shed light on new aspects of international mobility in academia and its impact on a national science system which speak directly to policy development.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our substantive results reveal new aspects of international mobility in academia and its impact on a national science system which speak directly to policy development.
Revised:  Our substantive results reveal new aspects of international mobility in academia , and on the impact of this mobility on a national science system which speak directly to policy development.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our substantive results reveal new aspects of international mobility in academia and its impact on a national science system which speak directly to policy development.
Revised:  Our substantive results reveal new aspects of international mobility in academia and its impact on a national science system , which have direct implications for policy development.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Methodologically, our novel approach of handling big data can be adopted as a framework of analysis for studying scholarly migration in other countries.
Revised:  Methodologically, our novel approach to handling big data can be adopted as a framework of analysis for studying scholarly migration in other countries.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The first model is derived from a set of ordinary differential equations that incorporate the rates at which population transitions take place among classes.
Revised:  The first model is derived from a set of ordinary differential equations that incorporates the rates at which population transitions take place among classes.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: End-to-end models are fast replacing  conventional hybrid models in automatic speech recognition.
Revised: End-to-end models are fast replacing the conventional hybrid models in automatic speech recognition.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  A transformer is a sequence-to-sequence framework solely based on attention, that was initially applied to machine translation task.
Revised:  Transformer, a sequence-to-sequence framework solely based on attention, that was initially applied to machine translation task.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper , we explore different ways of incorporating speaker information  while training a transformer-based model to improve its  performance.
Revised:  In this paper , we explore different ways of incorporating speaker information while training a transformer-based model to improve its speech recognition performance.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Two broad categories of speaker embeddings are used: (i)fixed embeddings, and (ii)learned embeddings.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We experiment using speaker embeddings learned along with the model training, as well as one-hot vectors and x-vectors . Using these different speaker embeddings, we obtain an average relative improvement of 1\% to 3\% in the token error rate .
Revised:  We experiment using two types of speaker embeddings: x-vectors . Using these different speaker embeddings, we obtain an average relative improvement of 1\% to 3\% in the token error rate .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We report results on the NPTEL lecture database  . NPTEL is an open-source e-learning portal providing content from top Indian universities  .
Revised:  We report results on the NPTEL lecture database . NPTEL is an open-source e-learning portal providing lectures from top Indian universities .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: This work constructs, analyzes, and simulates a new  SEIR-type model for the dynamics and potential control of the current coronavirus ( COVID-19 ) pandemic.
Revised: This work constructs, analyzes, and simulates a new SEIR-type model for the dynamics and potential control of the current COVID-19 ) pandemic.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Second, the model treats the infection rate as an unknown and keeps track of how it changes , due to virus mutations and saturation effects, via a differential inclusion.
Revised:  Second, the model treats the infection rate , is one of the model unknowns, as it keeps track of how it changes , due to virus mutations and saturation effects, via a differential inclusion.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Third, by introducing randomness to some of the system coefficients, we study the model's sensitivity to these parameters and provide bounds and intervals of confidence for the model simulations .
Revised:  Existence, uniqueness and positivity results are proved using a nonstandard convex analysis-based approach .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  As a case study, the pandemic outbreak in South Korea is simulated.
Revised:  As a case study, the pandemic outbreak in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) is simulated.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We present Tera-SLASH , an MPI (Message Passing Interface) based distributed system for approximate similarity search over tera-scale datasets.
Revised: We present Tera-SLASH , an MPI (Message Passing Interface) based distributed system for approximate similarity search over terabyte scale datasets.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  SLASH can index this 2.3 terabyte data over 20 nodes (on a shared cluster at Rice) in under an hour, with a query time in a fraction of milliseconds.
Revised:  SLASH can index this 2.3 terabyte data over 20 nodes in under an hour, with a query time in a fraction of milliseconds.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  SLASH can index this 2.3 terabyte data over 20 nodes (on a shared cluster at Rice) in under an hour, with a query time in a fraction of milliseconds.
Revised:  SLASH can index this 2.3 terabyte data over 20 nodes (on a shared cluster at Rice) in under an hour, with query times in a fraction of milliseconds.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Our framework unfolds in two steps .
Revised:  To that end, we follow a two-step approach .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  These key properties are:(1) the algorithms produce ``simple'' exponential families of black-box strategies, and(2) there existefficient ways to extend their output to the black-box case, which also preserve the approximation ratio exactly.
Revised:  These key properties are: the algorithms produce ``simple'' exponential families of black-box strategies, and(2) there existefficient ways to extend their output to the black-box case, which also preserve the approximation ratio exactly.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  These key properties are:(1) the algorithms produce ``simple'' exponential families of black-box strategies, and(2) there existefficient ways to extend their output to the black-box case, which also preserve the approximation ratio exactly.
Revised:  These key properties are:(1) (2) there existefficient ways to extend their output to the black-box case, which also preserve the approximation ratio exactly.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  These key properties are:(1) the algorithms produce ``simple'' exponential families of black-box strategies, and(2) there existefficient ways to extend their output to the black-box case, which also preserve the approximation ratio exactly.
Revised:  These key properties are:(1) the algorithms produce ``simple'' exponential families of black-box strategies, and there existefficient ways to extend their output to the black-box case, which also preserve the approximation ratio exactly.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  These key properties are:(1) the algorithms produce ``simple'' exponential families of black-box strategies, and(2) there existefficient ways to extend their output to the black-box case, which also preserve the approximation ratio exactly.
Revised:  These key properties are:(1) the algorithms produce ``simple'' exponential families of black-box strategies, and(2) efficient ways to extend their output to the black-box case, which also preserve the approximation ratio exactly.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  These key properties are:(1) the algorithms produce ``simple'' exponential families of black-box strategies, and(2) there existefficient ways to extend their output to the black-box case, which also preserve the approximation ratio exactly.
Revised:  These key properties are:(1) the algorithms produce ``simple'' exponential families of black-box strategies, and(2) there exist ways to extend their output to the black-box case, which also preserve the approximation ratio exactly.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We note that prior generalization approaches, i.e., variants of theSample Average Approximation method , can be used for the problems we consider, however they would yield worse approximation guarantees .
Revised:  We note that prior generalization approaches, i.e., variants of the method , can be used for the problems we consider, however they would yield worse approximation guarantees .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We note that the particular family of problems we consider, has natural applications in setting up healthcare facility centers with the intent of emergency planning.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Our eventual goal is to provide results for supplier-like problems in the most general distributional setting, where there is only black-box access to the underlying distribution.
Revised:  Our eventual goal is to provide results for supplier problems in the most general distributional setting, where there is only black-box access to the underlying distribution.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  second, we employ a novel scenario-discarding variant of the standard \emph{Sample Average Approximation (SAA)} method, in which we also crucially exploit structural properties of the algorithms developed for the first step of the framework.
Revised:  second, we employ a novel scenario-discarding variant of the standard \emph{Sample Average Approximation (SAA)} method, in which we crucially exploit properties of the algorithms developed for the first step of the framework.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this work, we extend the scheme presented in Sch\"uz and Seal 2020 to higher orders.
Revised:  In this work, we extend the scheme presented in Sch\"utz and Seal 2020 to higher orders.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Similar to known resolution-based interpolation methods our method proceeds in two stages  .
Revised:  We present the first interpolation method for first-order proofs represented by closed tableaux that proceeds in two stages .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Here the correctness of interpolant lifting is justified abstractly on the basis of Herbrand's theorem and based on a different characterization of the formulas to be lifted than in the literature (without taking equality into special account) .
Revised:  Here the correctness of interpolant lifting is justified abstractly on the basis of Herbrand's theorem and for a different characterization of the formulas to be lifted than in the literature (without taking equality into special account) .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Here the correctness of interpolant lifting is justified abstractly on the basis of Herbrand's theorem and based on a different characterization of the formulas to be lifted than in the literature (without taking equality into special account) .
Revised:  Here the correctness of interpolant lifting is justified abstractly on the basis of Herbrand's theorem and based on a different characterization of the formulas to be lifted than in the literature .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Quantum analogues of the law of large numbers and the Shannon-McMillan-Breiman theorem are shown to hold for quantum Schnorr random states.
Revised:  A quantum analogue of the law of large numbers and the Shannon-McMillan-Breiman theorem are shown to hold for quantum Schnorr random states.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Quantum analogues of the law of large numbers and the Shannon-McMillan-Breiman theorem are shown to hold for quantum Schnorr random states.
Revised:  Quantum analogues of the law of large numbers is shown to hold for quantum Schnorr random states.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: `` Zombies and Survivor '' is a variant of the well-studied game of `` Cops and Robber '' where the zombies (cops) can only move closer to the survivor (robber).
Revised: " Zombies and Survivor '' is a variant of the well-studied game of `` Cops and Robber '' where the zombies (cops) can only move closer to the survivor (robber).
Edit intent: fluency
Original: `` Zombies and Survivor '' is a variant of the well-studied game of `` Cops and Robber '' where the zombies (cops) can only move closer to the survivor (robber).
Revised: `` Zombies and Survivor " is a variant of the well-studied game of `` Cops and Robber '' where the zombies (cops) can only move closer to the survivor (robber).
Edit intent: fluency
Original: `` Zombies and Survivor '' is a variant of the well-studied game of `` Cops and Robber '' where the zombies (cops) can only move closer to the survivor (robber).
Revised: `` Zombies and Survivor '' is a variant of the well-studied game of " Cops and Robber '' where the zombies (cops) can only move closer to the survivor (robber).
Edit intent: fluency
Original: `` Zombies and Survivor '' is a variant of the well-studied game of `` Cops and Robber '' where the zombies (cops) can only move closer to the survivor (robber).
Revised: `` Zombies and Survivor '' is a variant of the well-studied game of `` Cops and Robber " where the zombies (cops) can only move closer to the survivor (robber).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Specifically, we design an end-to-end talking face generation system that takes a speech utterance, a single face image, and a categorical emotion label as input to render a talking face video in sync with the speech and expressing the condition emotion.
Revised:  Specifically, we design an end-to-end talking face generation system that takes a speech utterance, a single face image, and a categorical emotion label as input to render a talking face video synchronized with the speech and expressing the condition emotion.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Specifically, we design an end-to-end talking face generation system that takes a speech utterance, a single face image, and a categorical emotion label as input to render a talking face video in sync with the speech and expressing the condition emotion.
Revised:  Specifically, we design an end-to-end talking face generation system that takes a speech utterance, a single face image, and a categorical emotion label as input to render a talking face video in sync with the speech and expressing the conditioned emotion.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Furthermore, we conduct a pilot study on human emotion recognition of generated videos with mismatched emotions between the audio and visual modalities , and results show that humans reply on the visual modality more significantly than the audio modality on this task.
Revised:  Furthermore, we conduct a human emotion recognition of generated videos with mismatched emotions between the audio and visual modalities , and results show that humans reply on the visual modality more significantly than the audio modality on this task.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Furthermore, we conduct a pilot study on human emotion recognition of generated videos with mismatched emotions between the audio and visual modalities , and results show that humans reply on the visual modality more significantly than the audio modality on this task.
Revised:  Furthermore, we conduct a pilot study on human emotion recognition of generated videos with mismatched emotions among the audio and visual modalities , and results show that humans reply on the visual modality more significantly than the audio modality on this task.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Furthermore, we conduct a pilot study on human emotion recognition of generated videos with mismatched emotions between the audio and visual modalities , and results show that humans reply on the visual modality more significantly than the audio modality on this task.
Revised:  Furthermore, we conduct a pilot study on human emotion recognition of generated videos with mismatched emotions between the audio and visual modalities . Results show that humans reply on the visual modality more significantly than the audio modality on this task.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Furthermore, we conduct a pilot study on human emotion recognition of generated videos with mismatched emotions between the audio and visual modalities , and results show that humans reply on the visual modality more significantly than the audio modality on this task.
Revised:  Furthermore, we conduct a pilot study on human emotion recognition of generated videos with mismatched emotions between the audio and visual modalities , and results show that humans respond to the visual modality more significantly than the audio modality on this task.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We propose DIET-SNN, a low latency deep spiking network that is trained with gradient descent to optimize the membrane leak and the firing threshold along with other network parameters (weights).
Revised:  We propose DIET-SNN, a low-latency deep spiking network that is trained with gradient descent to optimize the membrane leak and the firing threshold along with other network parameters (weights).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The information is converted into spikes in the first convolutional layer  where leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons integrate the weighted inputs and generate an output spike when the membrane potential crosses the trained firing threshold.
Revised:  The first convolutional layer where leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons integrate the weighted inputs and generate an output spike when the membrane potential crosses the trained firing threshold.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: One of the central goals of precision health is the understanding and interpretation of high-dimensional biological data to identify genes and markers associated with disease initiation, development  and outcomes.
Revised: One of the central goals in precision health is the understanding and interpretation of high-dimensional biological data to identify genes and markers associated with disease initiation, development and outcomes.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: One of the central goals of precision health is the understanding and interpretation of high-dimensional biological data to identify genes and markers associated with disease initiation, development  and outcomes.
Revised: One of the central goals of precision health is the understanding and interpretation of high-dimensional biological data to identify genes and markers associated with disease initiation, development , and outcomes.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Significant effort has been committed to harness gene expression data as real-valued matrices for multiple analyses while accounting for time-to-event modeling by including survival times .
Revised:  Though significant effort has been committed to harness gene expression data as real-valued matrices for multiple analyses while accounting for time-to-event modeling by including survival times .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Significant effort has been committed to harness gene expression data as real-valued matrices for multiple analyses while accounting for time-to-event modeling by including survival times .
Revised:  Significant effort has been committed to harness gene expression data for multiple analyses while accounting for time-to-event modeling by including survival times .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Simulation results based on synthetic data demonstrated the superiority of the proposed methodology , when compared to other NMF algorithms, in finding survival associated gene clusters.
Revised:  Simulation results on synthetic data demonstrated the superiority of the proposed methodology , when compared to other NMF algorithms, in finding survival associated gene clusters.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Simulation results based on synthetic data demonstrated the superiority of the proposed methodology , when compared to other NMF algorithms, in finding survival associated gene clusters.
Revised:  Simulation results based on synthetic data demonstrated the superiority of the proposed method , when compared to other NMF algorithms, in finding survival associated gene clusters.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Simulation results based on synthetic data demonstrated the superiority of the proposed methodology , when compared to other NMF algorithms, in finding survival associated gene clusters.
Revised:  Simulation results based on synthetic data demonstrated the superiority of the proposed methodology , when compared to other algorithms, in finding survival associated gene clusters.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We describe the impact on the reproduction number \mathcal{R  .
Revised:  We describe the impact on the reproduction number \mathcal{R .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  MLHO 's architecture enables a parallel and outcome-oriented  calibration, in which different statistical learning algorithms and vectors of features are simultaneously tested and leveraged to improve prediction of health outcomes.
Revised:  MLHO 's architecture enables a parallel and outcome-oriented model calibration, in which different statistical learning algorithms and vectors of features are simultaneously tested and leveraged to improve prediction of health outcomes.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  MLHO 's architecture enables a parallel and outcome-oriented  calibration, in which different statistical learning algorithms and vectors of features are simultaneously tested and leveraged to improve prediction of health outcomes.
Revised:  MLHO 's architecture enables a parallel and outcome-oriented calibration, in which different statistical learning algorithms and vectors of features are simultaneously tested to improve the prediction of health outcomes.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We broadly describe the clusters of features that were utilized in modeling and their relative influence on predicting each outcome.
Revised:  We broadly describe the clusters of features that were utilized in modeling and their relative influence for predicting each outcome.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Connected components is a fundamental kernel in graph applications due to its usefulness in measuring how well-connected a graph is, as well as its use as subroutines in many other graph algorithms .
Revised: Connected components is a fundamental kernel in graph applications .
Edit intent: clarity