wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:   On 29 October 1899 Rabih was defeated in the Battle of Kouno by forces led by the Frenchmen Amédée-François Lamy and Émile Gentil, and was forced to flee north.
Revised:  On 29 October 1899 Rabih was defeated in the Battle of Kouno by forces led by Amédée-François Lamy and Émile Gentil, and was forced to flee north.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   On 29 October 1899 Rabih was defeated in the Battle of Kouno by forces led by the Frenchmen Amédée-François Lamy and Émile Gentil, and was forced to flee north.
Revised:  On 29 October 1899 Rabih was defeated in the Battle of Kouno by forces led by the Frenchmen Amédée-François Lamy and Gentil, and was forced to flee north.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Rabih was killed, and his head was exhibited in the town.
Revised:  Rabah was killed, and his head was exhibited in the town.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  She turned out to be a old man with a white beard who was performing the queen mother's functions, since she had died some years ago.
Revised:  She turned out to be a old man with a white beard who was performing the functions of the queen mother, who had died some years ago.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The Sultan was expected to pay taxes to the French, although the treaty signed by Gentil was not clear on how they would be raised and what the Sultan would be able to retain for himself.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The people of Bagirmi, on the east bank of the Chari, engaged in slave raiding among the Sara people to the south.
Revised:  The people of Bagirmi, on the east bank of the Chari, was slave raiding among the Sara people to the south.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The Wadai took "weavers, dyers, tailors, saddlers, princes and princesses" . Gaourangwas among those captured . Gaourang was raised at the court of Wadai.
Revised:  The Wadai took "weavers, dyers, tailors, saddlers, princes and princesses" , including Gaourang . Gaourang was raised at the court of Wadai.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It paid tribute, mainly in slaves, to either Bornu or Wadai, or sometimes to both.
Revised:  It paid tribute, mainly in slaves, to either the Bornu Empire or Wadai, or sometimes to both.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In 1886 the Sudanese warlord Rabah az-Zubayr crossed the Chari, and in 1887 started raiding southern Bagirmi for slaves.
Revised:  In 1886 the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr crossed the Chari, and in 1887 started raiding southern Bagirmi for slaves.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Abd ar-Rahman Gaourang II (also Gaorang or Gawranga – 1918) was Mbang of Bagirmi from 1885 to 1918.
Revised: Abd ar-Rahman Gaourang II (also Gaorang or Gwaranga – 1918) was Mbang of Bagirmi from 1885 to 1918.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The Sudanese warlord Rabah az-Zubayr made him his vassal in 1893.
Revised:  The Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr made him his vassal in 1893.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  After the final defeat of Rabah in 1900 he ruled as a subordinate of the French in Chad until his death in 1918.
Revised:  After the final defeat of Rabih in 1900 he ruled as a subordinate of the French in Chad until his death in 1918.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   In the 19th century the main source of income for the people of the sultanate of Bagirmi , on the east bank of the Chari, was slave raiding among the Sara people to the south.
Revised:  The sultanate of Bagirmi was on the east bank of the Chari to the south of Lake Chad. In the 19th century the main source of income for the people of the sultanate of Bagirmi , on the east bank of the Chari, was slave raiding among the Sara people to the south.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   In the 19th century the main source of income for the people of the sultanate of Bagirmi , on the east bank of the Chari, was slave raiding among the Sara people to the south.
Revised:  In the 19th century the main source of income for the people of Bagirmi was slave raiding among the Sara people to the south.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In 1897 the French colonial officer Émile Gentil travelled via the Congo and Ubangi to the Chari, and then to Bagirmi, where he was told that Rabah had been responsible for the death of  Paul Crampel.
Revised:  In 1897 the French colonial officer Émile Gentil travelled via the Congo and Ubangi to the Chari, and then to Bagirmi, where he was told that Rabah had been responsible for the death of the explorer Paul Crampel.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Gentil  signed a treaty with Gaourang making Bagirmi a French Protectorate.
Revised:  Gentil met Gaourang and signed a treaty with Gaourang making Bagirmi a French Protectorate.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Gentil  signed a treaty with Gaourang making Bagirmi a French Protectorate.
Revised:  Gentil signed a treaty making Bagirmi a French Protectorate.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Dignitaries from Bagirmi and Kuti accompanied Gentil back to France, where Gentil was able to arrange for a military expedition to defend those territories against Rabah . Rabah felt his power was threatened  and invaded Bagirmi.
Revised:  Dignitaries from Bagirmi and Kuti accompanied Gentil back to France, where Gentil was able to arrange for a military expedition to defend those territories against Rabih . Rabah felt his power was threatened and invaded Bagirmi.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Dignitaries from Bagirmi and Kuti accompanied Gentil back to France, where Gentil was able to arrange for a military expedition to defend those territories against Rabah . Rabah felt his power was threatened  and invaded Bagirmi.
Revised:  Dignitaries from Bagirmi and Kuti accompanied Gentil back to France, where Gentil was able to arrange for a military expedition to defend those territories against Rabah . Rabih felt his power was threatened and invaded Bagirmi.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Gaourang, pressed by his supporters to abandon France and accept the sovereignty of Rabah , left Massenya and took refuge in Kouno with Pierre Prins, whom Gentil had left with Gaourang as resident.
Revised:  Gaourang, pressed by his supporters to abandon France and accept the sovereignty of Rabih , left Massenya and took refuge in Kouno with Pierre Prins, whom Gentil had left with Gaourang as resident.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  De Béhagle moved on and was received by Rabah at Dikoa on 14 March 1899.
Revised:  De Béhagle moved on and was received by Rabih at Dikoa on 14 March 1899.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Rabah wanted to buy de Béhagle's rifles, and when he refused threw him in prison.
Revised:  Rabih wanted to buy de Béhagle's rifles, and when he refused threw him in prison.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Senoussi warned Rabah of the approach of Bretonnet, and Rabah at once began preparing his forces.
Revised:  Senoussi warned Rabih of the approach of Bretonnet, and Rabah at once began preparing his forces.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Senoussi warned Rabah of the approach of Bretonnet, and Rabah at once began preparing his forces.
Revised:  Senoussi warned Rabah of the approach of Bretonnet, and Rabih at once began preparing his forces.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Rabah approached with an army of 8,000 men.
Revised:  Rabih approached with an army of 8,000 men.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  On 14 July 1899 Bretonnet had to evacuate Kouno which was at once occupied by Rabah . Bretonnet took refuge in the rocks of Togbao.
Revised:  On 14 July 1899 Bretonnet had to evacuate Kouno which was at once occupied by Rabih . Bretonnet took refuge in the rocks of Togbao.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Three days later he and his men were killed at the Battle of Togbao by Rabah 's supporters.
Revised:  Three days later he and his men were killed at the Battle of Togbao by Rabih 's supporters.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Rabah ordered the execution of de Béhagle on 15 October 1899.
Revised:  Ribah ordered the execution of de Béhagle on 15 October 1899.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The incident made war between France and Rabah inevitable.
Revised:  The incident made war between France and Rabih inevitable.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Rabah 's head in 1900 Gentil now led the campaign against Rabah .
Revised:  Rabih 's head in 1900 Gentil now led the campaign against Rabah .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Gaourang promised to join Lamy in an attack on Kousséri, which the French wanted to use as a base for operations against Rabah .
Revised:  Gaourang promised to join Lamy in an attack on Kousséri, which the French wanted to use as a base for operations against Rabih .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Rabah was killed, and his head was exhibited in the town.
Revised:  Ribah was killed, and his head was exhibited in the town.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  With Rabah 's defeat the French had connected their colonial possessions in West Africa to the Congo.
Revised:  With Rabih 's defeat the French had connected their colonial possessions in West Africa to the Congo.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Later years After Rabah 's death Gaourang was allowed to resume sovereignty over a part of his former sultanate, although the French had taken the delta of the Chari.
Revised:  Vassal of France After Rabah 's death Gaourang was allowed to resume sovereignty over a part of his former sultanate, although the French had taken the delta of the Chari.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Later years After Rabah 's death Gaourang was allowed to resume sovereignty over a part of his former sultanate, although the French had taken the delta of the Chari.
Revised:  Later years After Rabih 's death Gaourang was allowed to resume sovereignty over a part of his former sultanate, although the French had taken the delta of the Chari.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Since his land had been reduced to poverty by Rabah and the Wadai the amount was set at 2,000 loads of beef, or 132 tonnes.
Revised:  Since his land had been reduced to poverty by Rabih and the Wadai the amount was set at 2,000 loads of beef, or 132 tonnes.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In 1891 Rabih sent messages to Gaourang asking to allow trade and to supply cloth for use by his soldiers.
Revised:  In 1891 Rabih sent messages to Gaourang asking for open trade and supplies of cloth for his soldiers.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  They made a last stand at Manjaffa, the second capital of Bagirmi, which was besieged for five months of violent struggle.
Revised:  They made a last stand at Manjaffa, the second capital of Bagirmi, which was besieged for five months of intense struggle.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Moving to London in the early 2000s, Barrow studied for qualifications in real estate and concurrently worked as a security guard.
Revised:  Moving to London in the early 2000s, Barrow worked as a security guard.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Barrow returned to the Gambia on 26 January     .
Revised:  Barrow returned to the Gambia on 26 January . .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Barrow returned to the Gambia on 26 January .
Revised:  Barrow returned to the Gambia on 26 January 
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Barrow has been reported to be a member of the Fula ethnic group, which is the second largest ethnic group in the Gambia (the  largest being the Mandinka ).
Revised: Barrow has been reported to be a member of the Fula ethnic group, which is the largest ethnic group in the Gambia (the largest being the Mandinka ).
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Barrow has been reported to be a member of the Fula ethnic group, which is the second largest ethnic group in the Gambia (the  largest being the Mandinka ).
Revised: Barrow has been reported to be a member of the Fula ethnic group, which is the second largest ethnic group in the Gambia (the second largest being the Mandinka ).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He has also been reported to be Mandinka , based on his father 's ethnicity, but more identified with Fulas in social and cultural terms.
Revised:  He has also been reported to be Fula , based on his father 's ethnicity, but more identified with Fulas in social and cultural terms.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He has also been reported to be Mandinka , based on his father 's ethnicity, but more identified with Fulas in social and cultural terms.
Revised:  He has also been reported to be Mandinka , based on his father 's ethnicity, mostly identified with Fulas in social and cultural terms.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Not to be an egoist To be Labour-loving To be tolerant To be authentic Servitude of Morality Immorality of Freedom Illogicality of Freedom Humanism of the body Should my surname change me myself or my name's ending?
Revised:  Not to be an egoist To be hard-working ( labour-loving) To be tolerant To be authentic Servitude of Morality Immorality of Freedom Illogicality of Freedom Humanism of the body Should my surname change me myself or my name's ending?
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Not to be an egoist To be hard-working ( labour-loving) To be tolerant To be authentic Servitude of Morality Immorality of Freedom Illogicality of Freedom Humanism of the body Should my surname change me myself or my name's ending?
Revised:  Not to be an egoistic To be hard-working ( labour-loving) To be tolerant To be authentic Servitude of Morality Immorality of Freedom Illogicality of Freedom Humanism of the body Should my surname change me myself or my name's ending?
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Not to be an egoistic To be hard-working ( labour-loving) To be tolerant To be authentic Servitude of Morality Immorality of Freedom Illogicality of Freedom Humanism of the body Should my surname change me myself or my name's ending?
Revised:  Not to be an egoistic To be ( labour-loving) To be tolerant To be authentic Servitude of Morality Immorality of Freedom Illogicality of Freedom Humanism of the body Should my surname change me myself or my name's ending?
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Not to be an egoistic To be  ( labour-loving) To be tolerant To be authentic Servitude of Morality Immorality of Freedom Illogicality of Freedom Humanism of the body Should my surname change me myself or my name's ending?
Revised:  Not to be an egoistic To be hard-working ( labour-loving) To be tolerant To be authentic Servitude of Morality Immorality of Freedom Illogicality of Freedom Humanism of the body Should my surname change me myself or my name's ending?
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The people who currently identify themselves as Basimba or BaShimba for many and Musimba or MuShimba for singular are Bantu speaking, Community that exist in Uganda , Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe , Haiti and DR Congo .
Revised: The people who currently identify themselves as Basimba or BaShimba for many and Musimba or MuShimba for singular are Bantu speaking, Community that exist in Uganda .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  It is wrapped with bark cloth and kept in a specifically prepared shrine (ing ’ anda yaba Ba Chishimba or esawo lye ejjembe lya Basimba) dedicated to the spirit.
Revised:  It is wrapped with bark cloth and kept in a specifically prepared shrine (ing ' anda yaba Ba Chishimba or esawo lye ejjembe lya Basimba) dedicated to the spirit.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: The people who currently identify themselves as Basimba or BaShimba for many and Musimba or MuShimba for singular are Bantu speaking, Community that exist in Uganda.
Revised: The people who currently identify themselves as Basimba or BaShimba for many and Musimba or MuShimba for singular are a Bantu speaking community that exists in Uganda.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Before the 13th Century they did maintain a shared identity as Basimba  also defined in Swahili Language, as (a big lion), associated with either these people or the place which they came from.
Revised:  Before the 13th century they maintained a shared identity as Basimba also defined in Swahili Language, as (a big lion), associated with either these people or the place which they came from.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Before the 13th Century they did maintain a shared identity as Basimba  also defined in Swahili Language, as (a big lion), associated with either these people or the place which they came from.
Revised:  Before the 13th Century they did maintain a shared identity as Basimba , also defined in Swahili Language, as (a big lion), associated with either these people or the place which they came from.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Before the 13th Century they did maintain a shared identity as Basimba  also defined in Swahili Language, as (a big lion), associated with either these people or the place which they came from.
Revised:  Before the 13th Century they did maintain a shared identity as Basimba also defined in Swahili as "big lion," associated with either these people or the place which they came from.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The founder of Buganda, Kato Kintu in the 14th Century was the first Kabaka of the Kingdom of Buganda the father of Chwa I of Buganda in his immigration to Buganda (by then known as Muwaawa), went with thirteen clans known as (Abalasangeye) under the Kintu dynasty, and among these thirteen Clans was the Basimba Leopard (Ngo) Clan.
Revised:  The founder of Buganda, Kato Kintu in the 14th century was the first Kabaka of the Kingdom of Buganda the father of Chwa I of Buganda in his immigration to Buganda (by then known as Muwaawa), went with thirteen clans known as (Abalasangeye) under the Kintu dynasty, and among these thirteen Clans was the Basimba Leopard (Ngo) Clan.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Royal Links The Bashimba (Big Lion) of the Leopard totem Clan is a ruling Clan among the Royal Clans that moved from the Kingdom of Luba to  Luapula Valley in Northern Rhodesia.
Revised:  Royal links The Bashimba (Big Lion) of the Leopard totem Clan is a ruling Clan among the Royal Clans that moved from the Kingdom of Luba to Luapula Valley in Northern Rhodesia.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Royal Links The Bashimba (Big Lion) of the Leopard totem Clan is a ruling Clan among the Royal Clans that moved from the Kingdom of Luba to  Luapula Valley in Northern Rhodesia.
Revised:  Royal Links The Bashimba (Big Lion) of the Leopard totem Clan is a ruling Clan among the royal clans that moved from the Kingdom of Luba to Luapula Valley in Northern Rhodesia.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Royal Links The Bashimba (Big Lion) of the Leopard totem Clan is a ruling Clan among the Royal Clans that moved from the Kingdom of Luba to  Luapula Valley in Northern Rhodesia.
Revised:  Royal Links The Bashimba (Big Lion) of the Leopard totem Clan is a ruling Clan among the Royal Clans that moved from the Kingdom of Luba to the Luapula Valley in Northern Rhodesia.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The leopard (Ngo) totem Clan is a Kingship group among the Basimba (Big Lion) people which was persecuted so much in Buganda because of its royal links.
Revised:  The leopard (Ngo) totem clan is a kingship group among the Basimba (Big Lion) people which was persecuted so much in Buganda because of its royal links.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  After the death of Kabaka Nakibinge of Buganda, his wife Nannono of the Leopard (Ngo) Clan between 1554 and 1556 AD, presided over as Kabaka for eighteen (18) month and the name Nabulya which literally means ‘I ate it’ insinuating I once took royal power was introduced in the Leopard (Ngo) Clan to remind other Clans in Buganda that a woman from the Leopard totem Clan once had power in Buganda Kingdom.
Revised:  After the death of Kabaka Nakibinge of Buganda, his wife Nannono of the Leopard (Ngo) Clan between 1554 and 1556 AD, presided over as Kabaka for eighteen months and the name Nabulya which literally means ‘I ate it’ insinuating I once took royal power was introduced in the Leopard (Ngo) Clan to remind other Clans in Buganda that a woman from the Leopard totem Clan once had power in Buganda Kingdom.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Migration and Settlement Although little history has been known about the Basimba (Big Lion) people, more needs to be said because of their very close historical connection with the BaShimba who all belong to the Leopard (Ngo) Clan.
Revised:  Migration and settlement Although little history has been known about the Basimba (Big Lion) people, more needs to be said because of their very close historical connection with the BaShimba who all belong to the Leopard (Ngo) Clan.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Finally, Tanga and his father Kyomba further migrated across the Luapula at the current location of the position of Kasenga and settled in southern Tanganyika where they were joined by members of Zimba Clan . , avoiding quarrels will Movwe who migrated to the Marungu highlands.
Revised:  Finally, Tanga and his father Kyomba further migrated across the Luapula at the current location of the position of Kasenga and settled in southern Tanganyika where they were joined by members of Zimba Clan , avoiding quarrels will Movwe who migrated to the Marungu highlands.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  As the Basimba or BaShimba settlement grew the original leader, after several generation , became to his descendants as mythical.
Revised:  As the Basimba or BaShimba settlement grew the original leader, after several generations , became to his descendants as mythical.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Basimba or BaShimba people are recognized to be indigenous peoples, because they were the first comers among the immigrants in Zambia or Northern Rhodesia by then and in Tanzania, According to local tradition the original inhabitants were a Clan called the Basimba who lived in the area of Busere on Ukara Island, in the South-East corner of Lake Victoria, but it is not known what language they spoke and there are none of their descendants surviving.
Revised:  Basimba or BaShimba people are recognized to be indigenous peoples, because they were the first comers among the immigrants in Zambia or Northern Rhodesia by then and in Tanzania, According to local tradition the original inhabitants were a Clan called the Basimba who lived in the area of Busere on Ukara Island, in the southeast corner of Lake Victoria, but it is not known what language they spoke and there are none of their descendants surviving.
Edit intent: style
Original:  Whereas they seem to have lost contact with their original ancestors in Congo among the Luba people,leading to a cluster of Basimba (Big Lion) people migrate Northwards from Mweru –
Revised:  Whereas they seem to have lost contact with their original ancestors in Congo among the Luba people,leading to a cluster of Basimba (Big Lion) people migrate northwards from Mweru –
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Luapula to Mwanza Region eventually erecting Human settlement's among the Haya people in Tanzania, then at Butambala District in the central region of Uganda, Buddu in Masaka District, Ntakaiwolu in Busoga, Mpogo in Sironko District, Butaleja District and at Lupada, Naboa, Budaka District, among the Gwere people, in the Eastern parts of Uganda.
Revised:  Luapula to Mwanza Region eventually erecting Human settlement's among the Haya people in Tanzania, then at Butambala District in the central region of Uganda, Buddu in Masaka District, Ntakaiwolu in Busoga, Mpogo in Sironko District, Butaleja District and at Lupada, Naboa, Budaka District, among the Gwere people, in the eastern parts of Uganda.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Culture The Basimba practice the culture of performing rituals and ceremonies of the Chishimba spirit similar to the , Loa or kongo loa culture practiced by the Basimba people of Haiti who were sold in slavery in Haiti from Congo.
Revised:  Culture The Basimba practice the culture of performing rituals and ceremonies of the Chishimba spirit similar to the Loa or kongo loa culture practiced by the Basimba people of Haiti who were sold in slavery in Haiti from Congo.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The Abasimba Dance Ancestors According to Basimba tradition, an afterlife does take place in another world, it is another form of existence in another world.
Revised:  The abasimba dance Ancestors According to Basimba tradition, an afterlife does take place in another world, it is another form of existence in another world.
Edit intent: fluency