wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  Imagination Given their inability to detect any (substantial) 'magnetism' -- and, from their observations that the "effects" (that were attributed by d'Eslon to the supposed 'magnetism' and the supposed 'fluid') were only manifested when the subjects believed they were 'magnetised' (and were not manifested when they were unaware that they had been 'magnetised') -- the Commissioners concluded that the "principle" involved was the subject's "imagination";
Revised:  Imagination Given their inability to detect any (substantial) 'magnetism' – and, from their observations that the "effects" (that were attributed by d'Eslon to the supposed 'magnetism' and the supposed 'fluid') were only manifested when the subjects believed they were 'magnetised' (and were not manifested when they were unaware that they had been 'magnetised') -- the Commissioners concluded that the "principle" involved was the subject's "imagination";
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Original:  Imagination Given their inability to detect any (substantial) 'magnetism' -- and, from their observations that the "effects" (that were attributed by d'Eslon to the supposed 'magnetism' and the supposed 'fluid') were only manifested when the subjects believed they were 'magnetised' (and were not manifested when they were unaware that they had been 'magnetised') -- the Commissioners concluded that the "principle" involved was the subject's "imagination";
Revised:  Imagination Given their inability to detect any (substantial) 'magnetism' -- and, from their observations that the "effects" (that were attributed by d'Eslon to the supposed 'magnetism' and the supposed 'fluid') were only manifested when the subjects believed they were 'magnetised' (and were not manifested when they were unaware that they had been 'magnetised') – the Commissioners concluded that the "principle" involved was the subject's "imagination";
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Original:  The report of four of the five Commissioners The first of the two reports, made by four of the five Commissioners (of 39 pages) -- namely, Charles-Louis-François Andry, Claude-Antoine Caille, Pierre Jean Claude Mauduyt de La Varenne, and Pierre-Isaac Poissonnier -- was presented to the King on 16 August 1784.
Revised:  The report of four of the five Commissioners The first of the two reports, made by four of the five Commissioners (of 39 pages) – namely, Charles-Louis-François Andry, Claude-Antoine Caille, Pierre Jean Claude Mauduyt de La Varenne, and Pierre-Isaac Poissonnier -- was presented to the King on 16 August 1784.
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Original:  The report of four of the five Commissioners The first of the two reports, made by four of the five Commissioners (of 39 pages) -- namely, Charles-Louis-François Andry, Claude-Antoine Caille, Pierre Jean Claude Mauduyt de La Varenne, and Pierre-Isaac Poissonnier -- was presented to the King on 16 August 1784.
Revised:  The report of four of the five Commissioners The first of the two reports, made by four of the five Commissioners (of 39 pages) -- namely, Charles-Louis-François Andry, Claude-Antoine Caille, Pierre Jean Claude Mauduyt de La Varenne, and Pierre-Isaac Poissonnier – was presented to the King on 16 August 1784.
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Original:  Given that the "Society" Commissioners' investigations were far less complex than those conducted by the "Franklin Commission"Although they, too, used blindfolded subjects (Pattie, 1994), p.156. -- and, also, given that the (smaller number of) experiments that they described "duplicate[d] similar ones in the ["Franklin Commission's"] Report" (Pattie, ibid., p.156) -- the report itself is briefer (39 pages), far less complex, and, therefore, far less influential.
Revised:  Given that the "Society" Commissioners' investigations were far less complex than those conducted by the "Franklin Commission"Although they, too, used blindfolded subjects (Pattie, 1994), p.156. – and, also, given that the (smaller number of) experiments that they described "duplicate[d] similar ones in the ["Franklin Commission's"] Report" (Pattie, ibid., p.156) -- the report itself is briefer (39 pages), far less complex, and, therefore, far less influential.
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Original:  Given that the "Society" Commissioners' investigations were far less complex than those conducted by the "Franklin Commission"Although they, too, used blindfolded subjects (Pattie, 1994), p.156. -- and, also, given that the (smaller number of) experiments that they described "duplicate[d] similar ones in the ["Franklin Commission's"] Report" (Pattie, ibid., p.156) -- the report itself is briefer (39 pages), far less complex, and, therefore, far less influential.
Revised:  Given that the "Society" Commissioners' investigations were far less complex than those conducted by the "Franklin Commission"Although they, too, used blindfolded subjects (Pattie, 1994), p.156. -- and, also, given that the (smaller number of) experiments that they described "duplicate[d] similar ones in the ["Franklin Commission's"] Report" (Pattie, ibid., p.156) – the report itself is briefer (39 pages), far less complex, and, therefore, far less influential.
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Original: Pattie (1994), pp.156-157, paraphrasing Poissonnier (1784), p.12. -- and, as Laurence notes, that "the [observed] results . . . were not due to animal magnetism but to the patients‘ rest, exercise, abstinence from medication, and hopes for a cure!" (2002, p,316) -- and that, from this, there was no reason for "the procedures to which the name "animal magnetism" has been given [to be] introduced into the practice of medicine" (Pattie, 1994, p.157).
Revised: Pattie (1994), pp.156-157, paraphrasing Poissonnier (1784), p.12. – and, as Laurence notes, that "the [observed] results . . . were not due to animal magnetism but to the patients‘ rest, exercise, abstinence from medication, and hopes for a cure!" (2002, p,316) -- and that, from this, there was no reason for "the procedures to which the name "animal magnetism" has been given [to be] introduced into the practice of medicine" (Pattie, 1994, p.157).
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Original: Pattie (1994), pp.156-157, paraphrasing Poissonnier (1784), p.12. -- and, as Laurence notes, that "the [observed] results . . . were not due to animal magnetism but to the patients‘ rest, exercise, abstinence from medication, and hopes for a cure!" (2002, p,316) -- and that, from this, there was no reason for "the procedures to which the name "animal magnetism" has been given [to be] introduced into the practice of medicine" (Pattie, 1994, p.157).
Revised: Pattie (1994), pp.156-157, paraphrasing Poissonnier (1784), p.12. -- and, as Laurence notes, that "the [observed] results . . . were not due to animal magnetism but to the patients‘ rest, exercise, abstinence from medication, and hopes for a cure!" (2002, p,316) – and that, from this, there was no reason for "the procedures to which the name "animal magnetism" has been given [to be] introduced into the practice of medicine" (Pattie, 1994, p.157).
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Original:  Judged by its effects, it participates in the property of tonic remedies, and like them produces salutary or injurious effects according to the quantity communicated, and according to the circumstances in which it is employed. -- de Jussieu, 1784, pp.50-51.
Revised:  Judged by its effects, it participates in the property of tonic remedies, and like them produces salutary or injurious effects according to the quantity communicated, and according to the circumstances in which it is employed. – de Jussieu, 1784, pp.50-51.
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Original:  -- McConkey & Barnier (1991, pp.77-78) The release of the reports generated a proliferation of publications, many of which were simply addressing issues relating to either "mesmerism" or "animal magnetism" in general -
Revised:  – McConkey & Barnier (1991, pp.77-78) The release of the reports generated a proliferation of publications, many of which were simply addressing issues relating to either "mesmerism" or "animal magnetism" in general -
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Original: - who (at Devillers, 1784, pp.165-166) compared the "cures" of Mesmer, with those supposed to have been effected at the tomb of François de Pâris in Saint-Médard, some forty years earlier -- and Jacques Cambry (1784) -- who provided details of beliefs similar to those of Mesmer previously held by the ancient Greeks, Persians, and Romans -- strongly supported the findings of the Commissions.
Revised: - who (at Devillers, 1784, pp.165-166) compared the "cures" of Mesmer, with those supposed to have been effected at the tomb of François de Pâris in Saint-Médard, some forty years earlier – and Jacques Cambry (1784) -- who provided details of beliefs similar to those of Mesmer previously held by the ancient Greeks, Persians, and Romans -- strongly supported the findings of the Commissions.
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Original: - who (at Devillers, 1784, pp.165-166) compared the "cures" of Mesmer, with those supposed to have been effected at the tomb of François de Pâris in Saint-Médard, some forty years earlier -- and Jacques Cambry (1784) -- who provided details of beliefs similar to those of Mesmer previously held by the ancient Greeks, Persians, and Romans -- strongly supported the findings of the Commissions.
Revised: - who (at Devillers, 1784, pp.165-166) compared the "cures" of Mesmer, with those supposed to have been effected at the tomb of François de Pâris in Saint-Médard, some forty years earlier -- and Jacques Cambry (1784) – who provided details of beliefs similar to those of Mesmer previously held by the ancient Greeks, Persians, and Romans -- strongly supported the findings of the Commissions.
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Original: - who (at Devillers, 1784, pp.165-166) compared the "cures" of Mesmer, with those supposed to have been effected at the tomb of François de Pâris in Saint-Médard, some forty years earlier -- and Jacques Cambry (1784) -- who provided details of beliefs similar to those of Mesmer previously held by the ancient Greeks, Persians, and Romans -- strongly supported the findings of the Commissions.
Revised: - who (at Devillers, 1784, pp.165-166) compared the "cures" of Mesmer, with those supposed to have been effected at the tomb of François de Pâris in Saint-Médard, some forty years earlier -- and Jacques Cambry (1784) -- who provided details of beliefs similar to those of Mesmer previously held by the ancient Greeks, Persians, and Romans – strongly supported the findings of the Commissions.
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Original:  he was entirely free to publish Mesmer's material -- and, in doing so, he had not altered one word of Mesmer's "maxims""I have changed absolutely nothing to these words, so as not to be accused of having wanted to introduce something foreign to his Doctrine" ("Je n’ai absolument rien changé à ces dictées, asin de ne pas être accusé d’y avoir voulu introduire quelque chose d’étranger à sa Doctrine": 1785b, p.14).
Revised:  he was entirely free to publish Mesmer's material – and, in doing so, he had not altered one word of Mesmer's "maxims""I have changed absolutely nothing to these words, so as not to be accused of having wanted to introduce something foreign to his Doctrine" ("Je n’ai absolument rien changé à ces dictées, asin de ne pas être accusé d’y avoir voulu introduire quelque chose d’étranger à sa Doctrine": 1785b, p.14).
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Original:  -- and, moreover, he was certain that, given Mesmer's dissemination of his ideas through his already published works, Mesmer would not be "offended" by the publication of his aphorisms.
Revised:  – and, moreover, he was certain that, given Mesmer's dissemination of his ideas through his already published works, Mesmer would not be "offended" by the publication of his aphorisms.
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Original:  1784b. Mesmer stressed that -- simply because he had not been involved in any of their investigations -- the Commissioners' conclusions had nothing whatsoever to do with his (metaphorical) "animal magnetism";
Revised:  1784b. Mesmer stressed that – simply because he had not been involved in any of their investigations -- the Commissioners' conclusions had nothing whatsoever to do with his (metaphorical) "animal magnetism";
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Original:  1784b. Mesmer stressed that -- simply because he had not been involved in any of their investigations -- the Commissioners' conclusions had nothing whatsoever to do with his (metaphorical) "animal magnetism";
Revised:  1784b. Mesmer stressed that -- simply because he had not been involved in any of their investigations – the Commissioners' conclusions had nothing whatsoever to do with his (metaphorical) "animal magnetism";
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Original:  -- Michael Shermer (1996, emphasis added to original).
Revised:  – Michael Shermer (1996, emphasis added to original).
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Original:  The detailed studies of Stephen Jay Gould (1989) and John Kihlstrom (2002), drew disciplinary attention to nature and the form of the Commission's extended examination as a watershed moment in the history of science -- subsequent to which things were never the same.
Revised:  The detailed studies of Stephen Jay Gould (1989) and John Kihlstrom (2002), drew disciplinary attention to nature and the form of the Commission's extended examination as a watershed moment in the history of science – subsequent to which things were never the same.
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Original:  and, in particular, one that included the use of physical (rather than metaphorical) blindfolds -- which were used from time to time on both the experimenters and their experimental subjects -- as well as testing both "sham" and "real" procedures on both "sham" and "real" patients.
Revised:  and, in particular, one that included the use of physical (rather than metaphorical) blindfolds – which were used from time to time on both the experimenters and their experimental subjects -- as well as testing both "sham" and "real" procedures on both "sham" and "real" patients.
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Original:  and, in particular, one that included the use of physical (rather than metaphorical) blindfolds -- which were used from time to time on both the experimenters and their experimental subjects -- as well as testing both "sham" and "real" procedures on both "sham" and "real" patients.
Revised:  and, in particular, one that included the use of physical (rather than metaphorical) blindfolds -- which were used from time to time on both the experimenters and their experimental subjects – as well as testing both "sham" and "real" procedures on both "sham" and "real" patients.
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Original:  Inspired by these studies, a number of other scholars, in other scientific domains -- such as, for example, Shermer (1996), Kaptchuk (1998), Green (2002), Best, Neuhauser, and Slavin (2003), Herr (2005), Lanska & Lanska (2007), Kaptchuk, Kerr & Zanger (2009), Davies Wilson (2014), Jensen, Janik & Waclawik (2016), Zabell (2016), Donaldson (2017), and Rosen et al. (2019) -- have also identified the Commission's examination as a previously unrecognized "classic" example of a controlled trial.
Revised:  Inspired by these studies, a number of other scholars, in other scientific domains – such as, for example, Shermer (1996), Kaptchuk (1998), Green (2002), Best, Neuhauser, and Slavin (2003), Herr (2005), Lanska & Lanska (2007), Kaptchuk, Kerr & Zanger (2009), Davies Wilson (2014), Jensen, Janik & Waclawik (2016), Zabell (2016), Donaldson (2017), and Rosen et al. (2019) -- have also identified the Commission's examination as a previously unrecognized "classic" example of a controlled trial.
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Original:  Inspired by these studies, a number of other scholars, in other scientific domains -- such as, for example, Shermer (1996), Kaptchuk (1998), Green (2002), Best, Neuhauser, and Slavin (2003), Herr (2005), Lanska & Lanska (2007), Kaptchuk, Kerr & Zanger (2009), Davies Wilson (2014), Jensen, Janik & Waclawik (2016), Zabell (2016), Donaldson (2017), and Rosen et al. (2019) -- have also identified the Commission's examination as a previously unrecognized "classic" example of a controlled trial.
Revised:  Inspired by these studies, a number of other scholars, in other scientific domains -- such as, for example, Shermer (1996), Kaptchuk (1998), Green (2002), Best, Neuhauser, and Slavin (2003), Herr (2005), Lanska & Lanska (2007), Kaptchuk, Kerr & Zanger (2009), Davies Wilson (2014), Jensen, Janik & Waclawik (2016), Zabell (2016), Donaldson (2017), and Rosen et al. (2019) – have also identified the Commission's examination as a previously unrecognized "classic" example of a controlled trial.
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Original:  inspired -- among many others over the ensuing years -- the (1799) investigations of Chester physician John Haygarth (1740-1827) into the efficacy of Perkins' "tractors".
Revised:  inspired – among many others over the ensuing years -- the (1799) investigations of Chester physician John Haygarth (1740-1827) into the efficacy of Perkins' "tractors".
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Original:  inspired -- among many others over the ensuing years -- the (1799) investigations of Chester physician John Haygarth (1740-1827) into the efficacy of Perkins' "tractors".
Revised:  inspired -- among many others over the ensuing years – the (1799) investigations of Chester physician John Haygarth (1740-1827) into the efficacy of Perkins' "tractors".
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Original:  A fair opportunity was offered to discover whether the metallick Tractors possessed any efficacy superior to the ligneous Tractors, or wooden pegs." -- John Haygarth (1801).
Revised:  A fair opportunity was offered to discover whether the metallick Tractors possessed any efficacy superior to the ligneous Tractors, or wooden pegs." – John Haygarth (1801).
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Original:  Unaware, at the time, of Collyer's retraction, James Braid made a careful examination of “phreno-hypnotism” in December 1842;See Braid, 1842a, pp.105-149. and continued his comprehensive experimentation until August 1844See Braid (1843b). -- when he concluded, along with John Campbell Colquhoun (Colquhoun, 1843), that there was no foundation for phrenology, in general, and for phreno-magnetism, in particular.
Revised:  Unaware, at the time, of Collyer's retraction, James Braid made a careful examination of “phreno-hypnotism” in December 1842;See Braid, 1842a, pp.105-149. and continued his comprehensive experimentation until August 1844See Braid (1843b). – when he concluded, along with John Campbell Colquhoun (Colquhoun, 1843), that there was no foundation for phrenology, in general, and for phreno-magnetism, in particular.
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Original:  As a consequence of the debunking by Colquhoun, Braid, and others, phreno-magnetism -- which, in yet another case of "prima facie plausiblity", had (initially) seemed to promise such a wide range of valuable therapeutic and moral applicationsSee, for instance, the views of Newnham (1845).
Revised:  As a consequence of the debunking by Colquhoun, Braid, and others, phreno-magnetism – which, in yet another case of "prima facie plausiblity", had (initially) seemed to promise such a wide range of valuable therapeutic and moral applicationsSee, for instance, the views of Newnham (1845).
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Original:  -- "soon morphed into theatrical performances demonstrating the ‘reality’ of phrenology to credulous audiences, with lecturers pressing specific locations on the cranium of their [magnetised] subjects, and their subjects immediately displaying responses appropriate to the characteristics of each phrenological zone" (Yeates, 2018, p.56) [see, for example, figure at right].
Revised:  – "soon morphed into theatrical performances demonstrating the ‘reality’ of phrenology to credulous audiences, with lecturers pressing specific locations on the cranium of their [magnetised] subjects, and their subjects immediately displaying responses appropriate to the characteristics of each phrenological zone" (Yeates, 2018, p.56) [see, for example, figure at right].
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Original:  Around 1885, the neurologist Albert Pitres -- the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Bordeaux, and an associate of Charcot at the Salpêtrière hospital -- claimed that he had discovered a system of "zones" on the surface of the body, the stimulation of which induced (or terminated) the hypnotic state;
Revised:  Around 1885, the neurologist Albert Pitres – the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Bordeaux, and an associate of Charcot at the Salpêtrière hospital -- claimed that he had discovered a system of "zones" on the surface of the body, the stimulation of which induced (or terminated) the hypnotic state;
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Original:  Around 1885, the neurologist Albert Pitres -- the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Bordeaux, and an associate of Charcot at the Salpêtrière hospital -- claimed that he had discovered a system of "zones" on the surface of the body, the stimulation of which induced (or terminated) the hypnotic state;
Revised:  Around 1885, the neurologist Albert Pitres -- the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Bordeaux, and an associate of Charcot at the Salpêtrière hospital – claimed that he had discovered a system of "zones" on the surface of the body, the stimulation of which induced (or terminated) the hypnotic state;
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Original:  However the (à la Salpêtrière) "hypnosis" that Freud employed -- quite unlike the conventional "hypnotism" of James Braid (that was induced by Braid's standard "upwards and inwards squint") – relied upon an induction process that often involved rubbing the top of a patient's head.
Revised:  However the (à la Salpêtrière) "hypnosis" that Freud employed – quite unlike the conventional "hypnotism" of James Braid (that was induced by Braid's standard "upwards and inwards squint") – relied upon an induction process that often involved rubbing the top of a patient's head.
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Original:  This requirement, of course, demanded that Freud sat at the end of the therapeutic couch -- in order to gain easy access to his subject's head -- a practice that Freud continued to follow for his entire (post-"hypnosis") professional career.
Revised:  This requirement, of course, demanded that Freud sat at the end of the therapeutic couch – in order to gain easy access to his subject's head -- a practice that Freud continued to follow for his entire (post-"hypnosis") professional career.
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Original:  This requirement, of course, demanded that Freud sat at the end of the therapeutic couch -- in order to gain easy access to his subject's head -- a practice that Freud continued to follow for his entire (post-"hypnosis") professional career.
Revised:  This requirement, of course, demanded that Freud sat at the end of the therapeutic couch -- in order to gain easy access to his subject's head – a practice that Freud continued to follow for his entire (post-"hypnosis") professional career.
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Original:  Freud had discontinued this "head pressure" practice by, at least, 1904 -- and, possibly, by 1900.
Revised:  Freud had discontinued this "head pressure" practice by, at least, 1904 – and, possibly, by 1900.
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Original:  Due, to a large extent, to the (mistaken) enthusiastic promotion of Esdaile's (otherwise) valuable work in India as "mesmerism" by John Elliotson (1791-1868), and William Collins Engledue (1813-1858) -- especially by ElliotsonSee, for instance, Rosen (1946);
Revised:  Due, to a large extent, to the (mistaken) enthusiastic promotion of Esdaile's (otherwise) valuable work in India as "mesmerism" by John Elliotson (1791-1868), and William Collins Engledue (1813-1858) – especially by ElliotsonSee, for instance, Rosen (1946);
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Original:  and Ridgway (1993, and 1994). -- in their influential journal, The Zoist, over its fifteen years of existence (i.e., March 1843 to January 1856),See: Elliotson (1845);
Revised:  and Ridgway (1993, and 1994). – in their influential journal, The Zoist, over its fifteen years of existence (i.e., March 1843 to January 1856),See: Elliotson (1845);
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