wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  In this paper, we present an optimizer using generative adversarial nets (OPT-GAN) to adapt to diverse black-box problems via estimating the distribution of optima.
Revised:  In this paper, we present a generative adversarial nets-based optimizer (OPT-GAN) to adapt to diverse black-box problems via estimating the distribution of optima.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Experiments demonstrate that on BBOB problems and several other benchmarks with atypical distributions , OPT-GAN outperforms other classical BBO algorithms, in particular the ones with Gaussian assumptions .
Revised:  Experiments conducted on Black-box Optimization Benchmarking (BBOB) problems and several other benchmarks with atypical distributions , OPT-GAN outperforms other classical BBO algorithms, in particular the ones with Gaussian assumptions .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Human brain performs remarkably well in segregating a particular speaker from interfering speakers in a multi-speaker scenario.
Revised: Human brain performs remarkably well in segregating a particular speaker from interfering ones in a multi-speaker scenario.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We found that PCI has a strong state boundary effect and that it generally follows the distance decay effect , although this force is weaker in more urbanized counties with a denser population.
Revised:  We found that PCI has a strong boundary effect and that it generally follows the distance decay effect , although this force is weaker in more urbanized counties with a denser population.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We found that PCI has a strong state boundary effect and that it generally follows the distance decay effect , although this force is weaker in more urbanized counties with a denser population.
Revised:  We found that PCI has a strong state boundary effect and that it generally follows the distance decay , although this force is weaker in more urbanized counties with a denser population.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The methodological and contextual knowledge of PCI, together with the launched visualization platform and open-sourced PCI datasets at various geographic levels, is expected to support research fields requiring knowledge in human spatial interactions.
Revised:  The methodological and contextual knowledge of PCI, together with the launched visualization platform and open-sourced PCI datasets at various geographic levels, are expected to support research fields requiring knowledge in human spatial interactions.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Deep Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are harder to train than ANNs because of their discrete binary activation and spatio-temporal domain error back-propagation . Considering the huge success of ResNet in ANNs' deep learning, it is natural to attempt to use residual learning to train deep SNNs  . Previous Spiking ResNet used a similar residual block to the standard block of ResNet, which we regard as inadequate for SNNs and which still causes the degradation problem  .
Revised: Deep Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are harder to train than ANNs because of their discrete binary activation and complex spatial-temporal dynamics . Considering the huge success of ResNet in ANNs' deep learning, it is natural to attempt to use residual learning to train deep SNNs . Previous Spiking ResNet used a similar residual block to the standard block of ResNet, which we regard as inadequate for SNNs and which still causes the degradation problem .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Deep Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are harder to train than ANNs because of their discrete binary activation and spatio-temporal domain error back-propagation . Considering the huge success of ResNet in ANNs' deep learning, it is natural to attempt to use residual learning to train deep SNNs  . Previous Spiking ResNet used a similar residual block to the standard block of ResNet, which we regard as inadequate for SNNs and which still causes the degradation problem  .
Revised: Deep Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are harder to train than ANNs because of their discrete binary activation and spatio-temporal domain error back-propagation . Considering the huge success of ResNet in deep learning, it is natural to attempt to use residual learning to train deep SNNs . Previous Spiking ResNet used a similar residual block to the standard block of ResNet, which we regard as inadequate for SNNs and which still causes the degradation problem .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Deep Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are harder to train than ANNs because of their discrete binary activation and spatio-temporal domain error back-propagation . Considering the huge success of ResNet in ANNs' deep learning, it is natural to attempt to use residual learning to train deep SNNs  . Previous Spiking ResNet used a similar residual block to the standard block of ResNet, which we regard as inadequate for SNNs and which still causes the degradation problem  .
Revised: Deep Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are harder to train than ANNs because of their discrete binary activation and spatio-temporal domain error back-propagation . Considering the huge success of ResNet in ANNs' deep learning, it would be natural to train deep SNNs . Previous Spiking ResNet used a similar residual block to the standard block of ResNet, which we regard as inadequate for SNNs and which still causes the degradation problem .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Deep Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are harder to train than ANNs because of their discrete binary activation and spatio-temporal domain error back-propagation . Considering the huge success of ResNet in ANNs' deep learning, it is natural to attempt to use residual learning to train deep SNNs  . Previous Spiking ResNet used a similar residual block to the standard block of ResNet, which we regard as inadequate for SNNs and which still causes the degradation problem  .
Revised: Deep Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are harder to train than ANNs because of their discrete binary activation and spatio-temporal domain error back-propagation . Considering the huge success of ResNet in ANNs' deep learning, it is natural to attempt to use residual learning to train deep SNNs with residual learning . Previous Spiking ResNet used a similar residual block to the standard block of ResNet, which we regard as inadequate for SNNs and which still causes the degradation problem .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The experiment results show that the SEW ResNet can obtain higher performance by simply adding more layers, providing a simple method to train deep SNNs  .
Revised:  The experiment results show that the SEW ResNet can achieve higher performance by simply adding more layers, providing a simple method to train deep SNNs .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In spite of this undesirable fact, we demonstrate that it is still efficiently solvable.
Revised:  In spite of this undesirable fact, it is demonstrated that the problem is still efficiently solvable.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also investigate the problem critical for practice that parameters of the price difference process are never known exactly and are imprecisely estimated from an observed finite sample .
Revised:  In addition, the problem that parameters of the price difference process are never known exactly and are imprecisely estimated from an observed finite sample .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We show how the imprecision affects the optimal trading strategy and quantify the loss caused by the imprecise estimate compared to a theoretical trader knowing the parameters exactly  .
Revised:  We show how the imprecision affects the optimal trading strategy by quantification of the loss caused by the imprecise estimate compared to a theoretical trader knowing the parameters exactly .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The debate on "Net-neutrality" and events pointing towards its possible violations have led to the development of tools to detect deliberate traffic discrimination on the Internet.
Revised: We consider the problem of detecting deliberate traffic discrimination on the Internet.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Given the complex nature of the Internet, neutrality violations are not easy to detect, and tools developed so far suffer from various limitations.
Revised:  Given the complex nature of the Internet, detection of deliberate discrimination is not easy to detect, and tools developed so far suffer from various limitations.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we study many challenges in detecting the violations  and discuss possible approaches to mitigate them.
Revised:  We study challenges in detecting the violations and discuss possible approaches to mitigate them.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We first scraped 1127 articles and 5563 comments on SCMP covering COVID-19 from Jan 20 to May 19, then we trained the LDA model and tuned parameters based on the C_v coherence as the model evaluation method.
Revised:  We firstly scraped totally 1127 articles and 5563 comments on SCMP covering COVID-19 from Jan 20 to May 19, then we trained the LDA model and tuned parameters based on the C_v coherence as the model evaluation method.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We first scraped 1127 articles and 5563 comments on SCMP covering COVID-19 from Jan 20 to May 19, then we trained the LDA model and tuned parameters based on the C_v coherence as the model evaluation method.
Revised:  We first scraped 1127 articles and 5563 comments on SCMP covering COVID-19 from Jan 20 to May 19, then we trained the LDA model and tuned parameters based on the Cv coherence as the model evaluation method.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  With the optimal model, dominant topics, representative documents of each topic and the inconsistency between articles and comments are analyzed.
Revised:  With the optimal model, dominant topics, representative documents of each topic and the inconsistence between articles and comments are analyzed.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Some factors of the inconsistency are discussed at last.
Revised:  3 possible improvements are discussed at last.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  There is growing evidence showing the significant role of social determinant of health ( SDOH) on a wide variety of health outcomes.
Revised: Background: There is growing evidence showing the significant role of social determinant of health ( SDOH) on a wide variety of health outcomes.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In the era of artificial intelligence (AI), electronic health records (EHRs) have been widely used to conduct observational studies  .
Revised:  Electronic health records (EHRs) have been widely used to conduct observational studies .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In the era of artificial intelligence (AI), electronic health records (EHRs) have been widely used to conduct observational studies  .
Revised:  In the era of artificial intelligence (AI), electronic health records (EHRs) have been widely employed to conduct observational studies .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  However,  how to make the best of SDOH information from EHRs is yet to be studied.
Revised:  However, how to make the most of SBDH information from EHRs is yet to be studied.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Decentralized finance (DeFi) provides a new level of integration for financial applications .
Revised: Decentralized financial (DeFi) provides a new level of integration for financial applications .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  More specifically, we formulate a convex optimization problem to compute the intervals of the stationary solution of uncertain moment equations whose parameters are given only partially in the form of the statistics of their distributions.
Revised:  More specifically, we formulate a semidefinite program to compute the intervals of the stationary solution of uncertain moment equations whose parameters are given only partially in the form of the statistics of their distributions.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In particular, in recent years there has been an increasing number of GNN systems that were applied to predict molecular properties.
Revised:  In particular, in recent years , an increasing number of GNN systems that were applied to predict molecular properties.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In particular, in recent years there has been an increasing number of GNN systems that were applied to predict molecular properties.
Revised:  In particular, in recent years there has been an increasing number of GNN systems were applied to predict molecular properties.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  However, in theory, there are infinite choices of hyperparameter settings for GNNs, and a direct impediment is to select appropriate hyperparameters to achieve satisfactory performance with lower computational cost.
Revised:  However, a direct impediment is to select appropriate hyperparameters to achieve satisfactory performance with lower computational cost.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In a setting with rational miners, lack of fairness causes miners to deviate from the `` longest chain rule '' or undercut, which would reduce the blockchain's resilience against byzantine adversaries.
Revised:  In a setting with rational miners, lack of fairness causes miners to deviate from the " longest chain rule '' or undercut, which would reduce the blockchain's resilience against byzantine adversaries.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In a setting with rational miners, lack of fairness causes miners to deviate from the `` longest chain rule '' or undercut, which would reduce the blockchain's resilience against byzantine adversaries.
Revised:  In a setting with rational miners, lack of fairness causes miners to deviate from the `` longest chain rule " or undercut, which would reduce the blockchain's resilience against byzantine adversaries.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: As the COVID-19 pandemic shows no clear signs of subsiding, fair and efficient rationing of healthcare resources has emerged as an important issue that has been discussed by medical experts, policy-makers, and the general public.
Revised: Rationing of healthcare resources has emerged as an important issue that has been discussed by medical experts, policy-makers, and the general public.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: As the COVID-19 pandemic shows no clear signs of subsiding, fair and efficient rationing of healthcare resources has emerged as an important issue that has been discussed by medical experts, policy-makers, and the general public.
Revised: As the COVID-19 pandemic shows no clear signs of subsiding, fair and efficient rationing of healthcare resources has emerged as an important issue , which has been discussed by medical experts, policy-makers, and the general public.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We consider a healthcare rationing problem where medical units are to be allocated to patients.
Revised:  We consider a rationing problem where medical units are to be allocated to patients.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Each unit is reserved for one of several categories and the patients have different priorities for the categories .
Revised:  Each unit is reserved for one of several categories and each category has a priority ranking of the patients .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We do this for the fragment of the ZX-calculus with only the black \pi-phase (and no Hadamard gate) as well as well as the fragment which additionally has the and gate as a generator (which is equivalent to the natural number H-box fragment of the ZH calculus ).
Revised:  We do this for the fragment of the ZX-calculus with only the black \pi-phase (and no Hadamard gate) as well as well as the fragment which additionally has the and gate as a generator (which is equivalent to the natural number H-box fragment of the ZH-calculus ).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Instead, we first construct their subcategories of partial isomorphisms via distributive laws over all isomorphims with subobjects adoined . After which, the full subcategory of spans are obtained by freely adjoining units and counits the the semi-Frobenius structures given by the diagonal and codiagonal maps.
Revised:  Instead, we first construct their subcategories of partial isomorphisms via distributive laws over all isomorphims with subobjects adjoined . After which, the full subcategory of spans are obtained by freely adjoining units and counits the the semi-Frobenius structures given by the diagonal and codiagonal maps.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Quantile regression presents a complete picture of the effects on the location, scale, and shape of the dependent variable at all points, not just at the mean.
Revised:  Quantile regression presents a complete picture of the effects on the location, scale, and shape of the dependent variable at all points, not just the mean.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This research focuses on two challenges for the analysis of citation counts by quantile regression: discontinuity and substantial mass points at lower counts , such as zero, one, two, and three . A Bayesian two-part hurdle quantile regression model was proposed by King and Song (2019) as a suitable candidate for modeling count data with a substantial mass point at zero .
Revised:  We focus on two challenges for the analysis of citation counts by quantile regression: discontinuity and substantial mass points at lower counts , such as zero, one, two, and three . A Bayesian two-part hurdle quantile regression model was proposed by King and Song (2019) as a suitable candidate for modeling count data with a substantial mass point at zero .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This research focuses on two challenges for the analysis of citation counts by quantile regression: discontinuity and substantial mass points at lower counts , such as zero, one, two, and three . A Bayesian two-part hurdle quantile regression model was proposed by King and Song (2019) as a suitable candidate for modeling count data with a substantial mass point at zero .
Revised:  This research focuses on two challenges for citation count analysis by quantile regression: discontinuity and substantial mass points at lower counts , such as zero, one, two, and three . A Bayesian two-part hurdle quantile regression model was proposed by King and Song (2019) as a suitable candidate for modeling count data with a substantial mass point at zero .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This research focuses on two challenges for the analysis of citation counts by quantile regression: discontinuity and substantial mass points at lower counts , such as zero, one, two, and three . A Bayesian two-part hurdle quantile regression model was proposed by King and Song (2019) as a suitable candidate for modeling count data with a substantial mass point at zero .
Revised:  This research focuses on two challenges for the analysis of citation counts by quantile regression: discontinuity and substantial mass points at lower counts . A Bayesian two-part hurdle quantile regression model was proposed by King and Song (2019) as a suitable candidate for modeling count data with a substantial mass point at zero .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  This research focuses on two challenges for the analysis of citation counts by quantile regression: discontinuity and substantial mass points at lower counts , such as zero, one, two, and three . A Bayesian two-part hurdle quantile regression model was proposed by King and Song (2019) as a suitable candidate for modeling count data with a substantial mass point at zero .
Revised:  This research focuses on two challenges for the analysis of citation counts by quantile regression: discontinuity and substantial mass points at lower counts , such as zero, one, two, and three . A Bayesian hurdle quantile regression model was proposed by King and Song (2019) as a suitable candidate for modeling count data with a substantial mass point at zero .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This research focuses on two challenges for the analysis of citation counts by quantile regression: discontinuity and substantial mass points at lower counts , such as zero, one, two, and three . A Bayesian two-part hurdle quantile regression model was proposed by King and Song (2019) as a suitable candidate for modeling count data with a substantial mass point at zero .
Revised:  This research focuses on two challenges for the analysis of citation counts by quantile regression: discontinuity and substantial mass points at lower counts , such as zero, one, two, and three . A Bayesian two-part hurdle quantile regression model for count data with a substantial mass point at zero .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Nevertheless, the current paper shows that substantial mass points also at one, two, and three for citation counts will nearly certainly affect the estimation of parameters in the quantile regression part of the model in a similar manner to the mass point at zero.
Revised:  We show that substantial mass points also at one, two, and three for citation counts will nearly certainly affect the estimation of parameters in the quantile regression part of the model in a similar manner to the mass point at zero.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Nevertheless, the current paper shows that substantial mass points also at one, two, and three for citation counts will nearly certainly affect the estimation of parameters in the quantile regression part of the model in a similar manner to the mass point at zero.
Revised:  Nevertheless, the current paper shows that substantial mass points also at one, two, and three for citation counts will nearly certainly also affect parameter estimation in the quantile regression part of the model in a similar manner to the mass point at zero.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Nevertheless, the current paper shows that substantial mass points also at one, two, and three for citation counts will nearly certainly affect the estimation of parameters in the quantile regression part of the model in a similar manner to the mass point at zero.
Revised:  Nevertheless, the current paper shows that substantial mass points also at one, two, and three for citation counts will nearly certainly affect the estimation of parameters in the quantile regression part of the model , similar to a mass point at zero.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We update the King and Song model by shifting the hurdle point from zero to three, past the main mass points.
Revised:  We update the King and Song model by shifting the hurdle point past the main mass points.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The new model delivers more accurate quantile regression for moderately to highly cited articles,  and enables estimates of the extent to which factors influence the chances that an article will be low cited.
Revised:  This model delivers more accurate quantile regression for moderately to highly cited articles, and enables estimates of the extent to which factors influence the chances that an article will be low cited.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To illustrate the advantage and potential of this method, it is applied separately to both simulated citation counts and also seven Scopusfields with collaboration, title length, and journal internationality as independent variables .
Revised:  To illustrate the potential of this method, it is applied separately to both simulated citation counts and also seven Scopusfields with collaboration, title length, and journal internationality as independent variables .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  To illustrate the advantage and potential of this method, it is applied separately to both simulated citation counts and also seven Scopusfields with collaboration, title length, and journal internationality as independent variables .
Revised:  To illustrate the advantage and potential of this method, it is applied to simulated citation counts and also seven Scopusfields with collaboration, title length, and journal internationality as independent variables .
Edit intent: clarity