wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original: Égide de Bœck was born on 13 November 1875 in Oppuurs, Belgium.
Revised: Égide de Boeck was born on 13 November 1875 in Oppuurs, Belgium.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Life De Bœck grew up in Flanders.
Revised:  Life De Boeck grew up in Flanders.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Biography on Aequatoria Lingala As the son of a teacher, the school system was important to de Bœck . From the very beginning, he was committed to improving education in the Belgian Congo.
Revised: Biography on Aequatoria Lingala As the son of a teacher, the school system was important to de Boeck . From the very beginning, he was committed to improving education in the Belgian Congo.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Sometimes criticism is voiced that de Bœck introduced Lingala everywhere and displaced the local languages.
Revised:  Sometimes criticism is voiced that de Boeck introduced Lingala everywhere and displaced the local languages.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  On the other hand, de Bœck has always advocated that the local languages should be cultivated alongside the Lingala and that, for example, religious instruction should explicitly not be held at Lingala.
Revised:  On the other hand, de Boeck has always advocated that the local languages should be cultivated alongside the Lingala and that, for example, religious instruction should explicitly not be held at Lingala.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Varia The Égide-de-Bœck cultural centres in Mongala, Equateur and Southern Ubangi are named after de Bœck . Publications By Égide de Bœck Langue congolaise.
Revised:  Varia The Égide-de-Bœck cultural centres in Mongala, Equateur and Southern Ubangi are named after de Boeck . Publications By Égide de Bœck Langue congolaise.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Varia The Égide-de-Bœck cultural centres in Mongala, Equateur and Southern Ubangi are named after de Bœck . Publications By Égide de Bœck Langue congolaise.
Revised:  Varia The Égide-de-Bœck cultural centres in Mongala, Equateur and Southern Ubangi are named after de Bœck . Publications By Égide de Boeck Langue congolaise.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Category:1875 births Category:1944 deaths Category:Linguists from Belgium Category:Flemish people Category:Belgian _expatriates_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo Category:Lingala Category:Belgian men Category:Linguists from the Democratic Republic of the Congo‎ Category:Linguists _of_Bantu_languages Category:Belgian Roman Catholic pries
Revised:  Category:1875 births Category:1944 deaths Category:Linguists from Belgium Category:Flemish people Category:Belgian expatriates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Category:Lingala Category:Belgian men Category:Linguists from the Democratic Republic of the Congo‎ Category:Linguists _of_Bantu_languages Category:Belgian Roman Catholic pries
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Category:1875 births Category:1944 deaths Category:Linguists from Belgium Category:Flemish people Category:Belgian _expatriates_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo Category:Lingala Category:Belgian men Category:Linguists from the Democratic Republic of the Congo‎ Category:Linguists _of_Bantu_languages Category:Belgian Roman Catholic pries
Revised:  Category:1875 births Category:1944 deaths Category:Linguists from Belgium Category:Flemish people Category:Belgian _expatriates_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo Category:Lingala Category:Belgian men Category:Linguists from the Democratic Republic of the Congo‎ Category:Linguists of Bantu languages Category:Belgian Roman Catholic pries
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  On the other hand, de Boeck has always advocated that the local languages should be cultivated alongside the Lingala and that, for example, religious instruction should explicitly not be held at Lingala.
Revised:  On the other hand, de Boeck always advocated that the local languages should be cultivated alongside the Lingala and that, for example, religious instruction should explicitly not be held at Lingala.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  An Atlas and textboo 
Revised:  An Atlas and textbook. 
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  These bodies contain collagenous matter in which numerous cracks and fissures are filled with extrusions of the corneal epithelium .
Revised:  These bodies contain collagenous matter in which numerous cracks and fissures are filled with extrusions of the corneal endothelium .
Edit intent: fluency
Original: PPE gowns are hospital gowns worn by medical professionals in order to provide a barrier between patient and professional.
Revised: Medical gowns are hospital gowns worn by medical professionals in order to provide a barrier between patient and professional.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  China   Criticisms In a May 2017 research article, several French scientists complained that there was little harmonization across Europe for the names of pathogens, and went on to describe the PPE norms and regulations in France for infectious diseases under BSL-3. Gallery
Revised:  China Criticisms In a May 2017 research article, several French scientists complained that there was little harmonization across Europe for the names of pathogens, and went on to describe the PPE norms and regulations in France for infectious diseases under BSL-3. 
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Local variants US File:DonningCDC2020.jpg|The CDC recommends four steps to putting on personal protective equipment (PPE) The CDC has published for an American audience the four steps required to don a PPE gown.
Revised:  Local variants US The CDC has published for an American audience the four steps required to don a PPE gown.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Local variants US File:DonningCDC2020.jpg|The CDC recommends four steps to putting on personal protective equipment (PPE) The CDC has published for an American audience the four steps required to don a PPE gown.
Revised:  Local variants US File:DonningCDC2020.jpg|The CDC recommends four steps to putting on personal protective equipment (PPE) The CDC has published for an American audience the four steps required to don a PPE gown.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: China File:A doctor wearing special protective suit for the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak treat patient in Hubei TCM Hospital, Wuhan.jpg| On 22 January 2020, a doctor wearing special PPE suit for the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak treats a patient in Hubei TCM Hospital|alt= The First Affiliated Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China developed their own protocol and equipment during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Revised: China On 22 January 2020, a doctor wearing special PPE suit for the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak treats a patient in Hubei TCM Hospital|alt= The First Affiliated Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China developed their own protocol and equipment during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: China File:A doctor wearing special protective suit for the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak treat patient in Hubei TCM Hospital, Wuhan.jpg| On 22 January 2020, a doctor wearing special PPE suit for the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak treats a patient in Hubei TCM Hospital|alt= The First Affiliated Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China developed their own protocol and equipment during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Revised: China File:A doctor wearing special protective suit for the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak treat patient in Hubei TCM Hospital, Wuhan.jpg| On 22 January 2020, a doctor wearing special PPE suit for the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak treats a patient in Hubei Hospital|alt= The First Affiliated Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China developed their own protocol and equipment during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Whereas patient gowns are flimsy often with exposed backs and arms, PPE gowns  as seen below in the cardiac surgeon photograph  cover most of the exposed skin surfaces of the professional medics.
Revised:  Whereas patient gowns are flimsy often with exposed backs and arms, PPE gowns , as seen below in the cardiac surgeon photograph cover most of the exposed skin surfaces of the professional medics.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Whereas patient gowns are flimsy often with exposed backs and arms, PPE gowns  as seen below in the cardiac surgeon photograph  cover most of the exposed skin surfaces of the professional medics.
Revised:  Whereas patient gowns are flimsy often with exposed backs and arms, PPE gowns as seen below in the cardiac surgeon photograph , cover most of the exposed skin surfaces of the professional medics.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  EEG shows is non specific with slow waves and spike discharges.
Revised:  EEG shows non-specific pattern with slow waves and spike discharges.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  EEG shows  non-specific pattern with slow waves and spike discharges.
Revised:  EEG shows a non-specific pattern with slow waves and spike discharges.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  of Azerbaijanis origin,Iran and Its Place Among Nations, by Alidad Mafinezam, Aria Mehrabi, 2008, p.57 during the Qajar dynasty under the reign of Mohammad Ali Shah, as well as the Pahlavi dynasty under the reign of Reza ShahTaqizadeh was one of the four Deputies who voted no on the question of the change of the Qajar dynasty to the Pahlavi dynasty in October 1925;
Revised:  of Azeri origin,Iran and Its Place Among Nations, by Alidad Mafinezam, Aria Mehrabi, 2008, p.57 during the Qajar dynasty under the reign of Mohammad Ali Shah, as well as the Pahlavi dynasty under the reign of Reza ShahTaqizadeh was one of the four Deputies who voted no on the question of the change of the Qajar dynasty to the Pahlavi dynasty in October 1925;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Kaveh (Persian: کاوه) Persian magazine, No. 9, Berlin Views vary as to the degree to which Taqizadeh served the interests of Iran and her people.
Revised:  Views vary as to the degree to which Taqizadeh served the interests of Iran and her people.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  According to Shuster (p. 48), "Five days later measured from February 1st%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% the Persian Minister of Finance, Saniu'd-Dawleh was shot and killed in the streets of Teheran by two Georgians, who also succeeded in wounding four of the Persian police before they were captured.
Revised:  According to Shuster (p. 48), "Five days later %DIFDELCMD < ] %%% the Persian Minister of Finance, Saniu'd-Dawleh was shot and killed in the streets of Teheran by two Georgians, who also succeeded in wounding four of the Persian police before they were captured.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Sayyed Abdullah Behbahāni Sayyed Mohammad Tabātabā'i (father of Sādeq Tabātabā'i, Editor of Ruz'nāmeh-ye Majles, The Majles Newspaper) October 1910: Arrived in Istanbul, staying there for almost two years.
Revised:  October 1910: Arrived in Istanbul, staying there for almost two years.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: People from Tabriz Category:Ambassadors of Iran to the United Kingdom Category:Ambassadors of Iran to France Category:Iranian Shia clerics Category:Democrat Party (Persia) politicians Category:Revival Party politicians Category:Deputies of Tabriz for National Consultative Assembly Category:Members of the 1st Iranian Majlis Category:Members of the 2nd Iranian Majlis Category:Members of the 3rd Iranian Majlis Category:Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germa
Revised: People from Tabriz Category:Ambassadors of Iran to the United Kingdom Category:Ambassadors of Iran to France Category:Democrat Party (Persia) politicians Category:Revival Party politicians Category:Deputies of Tabriz for National Consultative Assembly Category:Members of the 1st Iranian Majlis Category:Members of the 2nd Iranian Majlis Category:Members of the 3rd Iranian Majlis Category:Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germa
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Robert  E. Stevenson STS-51-C Keith Wright STS-51-B Mary Johnston ,
Revised:  Robert E. Stevenson Keith Wright STS-51-C Mary Johnston STS-51-B
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam STS-51-F George W. Simon , Diane K. Prinz STS-61-A Ulf Merbold STS-51-L Barbara Morgan STS-40 Robert W. Phillips STS-45 Michael Lampton , Charles R. Chappell STS-50 Joseph M. Prahl , Albert Sacco STS-65 Jean-Jacques Favier STS-73 David H. Matthiesen , R. Glynn Holt STS-78 Pedro Duque , Luca Urbani STS-83 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-94 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-87 Yaroslav Pustovyi STS-90 Alexander W. Dunlap , Chiaki Mukai
Revised:  Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam George W. Simon , Diane K. Prinz STS-61-A Ulf Merbold STS-51-L Barbara Morgan STS-40 Robert W. Phillips STS-45 Michael Lampton , Charles R. Chappell STS-50 Joseph M. Prahl , Albert Sacco STS-65 Jean-Jacques Favier STS-73 David H. Matthiesen , R. Glynn Holt STS-78 Pedro Duque , Luca Urbani STS-83 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-94 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-87 Yaroslav Pustovyi STS-90 Alexander W. Dunlap , Chiaki Mukai
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam STS-51-F George W. Simon , Diane K. Prinz STS-61-A Ulf Merbold STS-51-L Barbara Morgan STS-40 Robert W. Phillips STS-45 Michael Lampton , Charles R. Chappell STS-50 Joseph M. Prahl , Albert Sacco STS-65 Jean-Jacques Favier STS-73 David H. Matthiesen , R. Glynn Holt STS-78 Pedro Duque , Luca Urbani STS-83 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-94 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-87 Yaroslav Pustovyi STS-90 Alexander W. Dunlap , Chiaki Mukai
Revised:  Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam STS-51-F George W. Simon STS-51-F Diane K. Prinz STS-61-A Ulf Merbold STS-51-L Barbara Morgan STS-40 Robert W. Phillips STS-45 Michael Lampton , Charles R. Chappell STS-50 Joseph M. Prahl , Albert Sacco STS-65 Jean-Jacques Favier STS-73 David H. Matthiesen , R. Glynn Holt STS-78 Pedro Duque , Luca Urbani STS-83 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-94 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-87 Yaroslav Pustovyi STS-90 Alexander W. Dunlap , Chiaki Mukai
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam STS-51-F George W. Simon , Diane K. Prinz STS-61-A Ulf Merbold STS-51-L Barbara Morgan STS-40 Robert W. Phillips STS-45 Michael Lampton , Charles R. Chappell STS-50 Joseph M. Prahl , Albert Sacco STS-65 Jean-Jacques Favier STS-73 David H. Matthiesen , R. Glynn Holt STS-78 Pedro Duque , Luca Urbani STS-83 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-94 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-87 Yaroslav Pustovyi STS-90 Alexander W. Dunlap , Chiaki Mukai
Revised:  Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam STS-51-F George W. Simon , Diane K. Prinz STS-61-A Ulf Merbold STS-51-L Barbara Morgan STS-40 Robert W. Phillips STS-40 Michael Lampton STS-45 Charles R. Chappell STS-50 Joseph M. Prahl , Albert Sacco STS-65 Jean-Jacques Favier STS-73 David H. Matthiesen , R. Glynn Holt STS-78 Pedro Duque , Luca Urbani STS-83 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-94 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-87 Yaroslav Pustovyi STS-90 Alexander W. Dunlap , Chiaki Mukai
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam STS-51-F George W. Simon , Diane K. Prinz STS-61-A Ulf Merbold STS-51-L Barbara Morgan STS-40 Robert W. Phillips STS-45 Michael Lampton , Charles R. Chappell STS-50 Joseph M. Prahl , Albert Sacco STS-65 Jean-Jacques Favier STS-73 David H. Matthiesen , R. Glynn Holt STS-78 Pedro Duque , Luca Urbani STS-83 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-94 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-87 Yaroslav Pustovyi STS-90 Alexander W. Dunlap , Chiaki Mukai
Revised:  Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam STS-51-F George W. Simon , Diane K. Prinz STS-61-A Ulf Merbold STS-51-L Barbara Morgan STS-40 Robert W. Phillips STS-45 Michael Lampton , Charles R. Chappell Joseph M. Prahl , Albert Sacco STS-65 Jean-Jacques Favier STS-73 David H. Matthiesen , R. Glynn Holt STS-78 Pedro Duque , Luca Urbani STS-83 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-94 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-87 Yaroslav Pustovyi STS-90 Alexander W. Dunlap , Chiaki Mukai
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam STS-51-F George W. Simon , Diane K. Prinz STS-61-A Ulf Merbold STS-51-L Barbara Morgan STS-40 Robert W. Phillips STS-45 Michael Lampton , Charles R. Chappell STS-50 Joseph M. Prahl , Albert Sacco STS-65 Jean-Jacques Favier STS-73 David H. Matthiesen , R. Glynn Holt STS-78 Pedro Duque , Luca Urbani STS-83 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-94 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-87 Yaroslav Pustovyi STS-90 Alexander W. Dunlap , Chiaki Mukai
Revised:  Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam STS-51-F George W. Simon , Diane K. Prinz STS-61-A Ulf Merbold STS-51-L Barbara Morgan STS-40 Robert W. Phillips STS-45 Michael Lampton , Charles R. Chappell STS-50 Joseph M. Prahl , Albert Sacco STS-65 Jean-Jacques Favier STS-65 flew on STS-78 David H. Matthiesen , R. Glynn Holt STS-78 Pedro Duque , Luca Urbani STS-83 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-94 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-87 Yaroslav Pustovyi STS-90 Alexander W. Dunlap , Chiaki Mukai
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam STS-51-F George W. Simon , Diane K. Prinz STS-61-A Ulf Merbold STS-51-L Barbara Morgan STS-40 Robert W. Phillips STS-45 Michael Lampton , Charles R. Chappell STS-50 Joseph M. Prahl , Albert Sacco STS-65 Jean-Jacques Favier STS-73 David H. Matthiesen , R. Glynn Holt STS-78 Pedro Duque , Luca Urbani STS-83 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-94 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-87 Yaroslav Pustovyi STS-90 Alexander W. Dunlap , Chiaki Mukai
Revised:  Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam STS-51-F George W. Simon , Diane K. Prinz STS-61-A Ulf Merbold STS-51-L Barbara Morgan STS-40 Robert W. Phillips STS-45 Michael Lampton , Charles R. Chappell STS-50 Joseph M. Prahl , Albert Sacco STS-65 Jean-Jacques Favier STS-73 David H. Matthiesen STS-73 R. Glynn Holt STS-78 Pedro Duque , Luca Urbani STS-83 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-94 Alan Johnston , Paul Ronney STS-87 Yaroslav Pustovyi STS-90 Alexander W. Dunlap , Chiaki Mukai
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  People assigned as payload specialists included individuals selected by the research community, a company or consortium flying a commercial payload aboard the spacecraft, and non-NASA astronauts designated by international partners.
Revised:  Georgia assigned as payload specialists included individuals selected by the research community, a company or consortium flying a commercial payload aboard the spacecraft, and non-NASA astronauts designated by international partners.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Georgia assigned as payload specialists included individuals selected by the research community, a company or consortium flying a commercial payload aboard the spacecraft, and non-NASA astronauts designated by international partners.
Revised:  People assigned as payload specialists included individuals selected by the research community, a company or consortium flying a commercial payload aboard the spacecraft, and non-NASA astronauts designated by international partners.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The term also applied to representatives from partner nations who were given the opportunity of a first flight on board of the Space Shuttle (such as Saudi Arabia and Mexico), and to Congressmen and the Teacher in Space program  .
Revised:  The term also applied to representatives from partner nations who were given the opportunity of a first flight on board of the Space Shuttle (such as Saudi Arabia and Mexico), to Congressmen and the Teacher in Space program .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Even though the it is refutation  like the earlier works of Vijayendra Tirtha and Narayana, Satyanatha wrote the refutation in a slightly different angle of theirs.
Revised:  Even though it is refutation like the earlier works of Vijayendra Tirtha and Narayana, Satyanatha wrote the refutation in a slightly different angle of theirs.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Even though the it is refutation  like the earlier works of Vijayendra Tirtha and Narayana, Satyanatha wrote the refutation in a slightly different angle of theirs.
Revised:  Even though the it is refutation work like the earlier works of Vijayendra Tirtha and Narayana, Satyanatha wrote the refutation in a slightly different angle of theirs.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It is a refutation work for the theological controversies provoked by Appayya Dikshita 's on Madhva Siddhanta .
Revised:  It is a refutation work for the controversies provoked by Appayya Dikshita 's on Madhva Siddhanta .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Cultural Hitchhiking (genetics) Cultural hitchhiking is a hypothesized gene-culture coevolutionary process through which cultural selection, sexual selection based on cultural preference, limits the diversity at genetically neutral loci being transmitted in parallel to selective cultural traits.
Revised: Cultural Cultural hitchhiking is a hypothesized gene-culture coevolutionary process through which cultural selection, sexual selection based on cultural preference, limits the diversity at genetically neutral loci being transmitted in parallel to selective cultural traits.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Cultural Hitchhiking (genetics) Cultural hitchhiking is a hypothesized gene-culture coevolutionary process through which cultural selection, sexual selection based on cultural preference, limits the diversity at genetically neutral loci being transmitted in parallel to selective cultural traits.
Revised: Cultural Hitchhiking (genetics) hitchhiking is a hypothesized gene-culture coevolutionary process through which cultural selection, sexual selection based on cultural preference, limits the diversity at genetically neutral loci being transmitted in parallel to selective cultural traits.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In Whales : The process was initially proposed by Whitehead in a 1998 paper as an explanation for this low genetic diversity in matrilineal whale species.
Revised:  In Whales The process was initially proposed by Whitehead in a 1998 paper as an explanation for this low genetic diversity in matrilineal whale species.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In dolphins : In 2014 a team of biologists from the University of South Wales attributed a remarkable geographic distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes among adjacent populations of bottlenose dolphins in a bay in Western Australia to cultural hitchhiking.
Revised:  In dolphins In 2014 a team of biologists from the University of South Wales attributed a remarkable geographic distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes among adjacent populations of bottlenose dolphins in a bay in Western Australia to cultural hitchhiking.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In Early Humans : Cultural hitchhiking has been proposed as an explanation for a widely inferred and abrupt Y-chromosome population bottleneck across several Old World (Africa, Europe, Asia) populations around 4000-6000 BC .
Revised:  In Early Humans Cultural hitchhiking has been proposed as an explanation for a widely inferred and abrupt Y-chromosome population bottleneck across several Old World (Africa, Europe, Asia) populations around 4000-6000 BC .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The second mechanism is violent inter-group competition which disproportionately results in male group member casualties and therefore concentration of like y-chronotypes and in some cases extinction complete extinction of entire lineage  
Revised:  The second mechanism is violent inter-group competition which disproportionately results in male group member casualties and therefore concentration of like y-chronotypes and in some cases extinction complete extinction of entire lineages. 
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The second mechanism is violent inter-group competition which disproportionately results in male group member casualties and therefore concentration of like y-chronotypes and in some cases extinction complete extinction of entire lineage  
Revised:  The second mechanism is violent inter-group competition which disproportionately results in male group member casualties and therefore concentration of like y-chronotypes and in some cases extinction complete extinction of entire lineage References 
Edit intent: clarity