wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  We find that the PSA provision has little overall impact on the judge's decisions and subsequent arrestee behavior.
Revised:  On the basis of the preliminary data available, we find that providing the PSA to the judge has little overall impact on the judge's decisions and subsequent arrestee behavior.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  However, our analysis provides some potentially suggestive evidence that the PSA may help avoid unnecessarily harsh decisions for female arrestees regardless of their risk levels while it encourages the judge to make stricter decisions for male arrestees who are deemed to be risky.
Revised:  However, our analysis yields some potentially suggestive evidence that the PSA may help avoid unnecessarily harsh decisions for female arrestees regardless of their risk levels while it encourages the judge to make stricter decisions for male arrestees who are deemed to be risky.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In terms of fairness, the PSA appears to increase the gender bias against males while having little effect on the existing racial biases of the judge' s decisions against non-white males .
Revised:  In terms of fairness, the PSA appears to increase the gender bias against males while having little effect on any existing racial differences in judges' decision .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Finally, we find that the PSA's recommendations might be too severe unless the cost of a new crime is sufficiently higher than the cost of a decision that may result in an unnecessary incarceration .
Revised:  Finally, we find that the PSA's recommendations might be unnecessarily severe unless the cost of a new crime is sufficiently higher than the cost of a decision that may result in an unnecessary incarceration .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Finally, we find that the PSA's recommendations might be too severe unless the cost of a new crime is sufficiently higher than the cost of a decision that may result in an unnecessary incarceration .
Revised:  Finally, we find that the PSA's recommendations might be too severe unless the cost of a new crime is sufficiently high .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our aim is to analyse existing and novel Monte-Carlo (MC) algorithms, aimed at simulating the lead eigenvalue associated with the underlying model.
Revised:  Our aim is to analyse existing and novel Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms, aimed at simulating the lead eigenvalue associated with the underlying model.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Like search, a recommendation task accepts an input query or cue and provides desirable items, often based on a ranking function .
Revised: Tag recommendation relies on either a ranking function .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Data was collected from 142 subjects, yielding over 13,000 instances of synchronized data (~3.8 TB).
Revised:  Data were collected from 142 subjects, yielding over 13,000 instances of synchronized data (~3.8 TB).
Edit intent: fluency
Original: We present SpeakingFaces as a publicly-available large-scale  dataset developed to support multimodal machine learning research in contexts that utilize a combination of thermal, visual, and audio data streams;
Revised: We present SpeakingFaces as a publicly-available large-scale dataset developed to support machine learning research in contexts that utilize a combination of thermal, visual, and audio data streams;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  examples include human-computer interaction (HCI) , biometric authentication, recognition systems, domain transfer, and speech recognition.
Revised:  examples include human-computer interaction , biometric authentication, recognition systems, domain transfer, and speech recognition.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  SpeakingFaces is comprised of well-aligned high-resolution thermal and visual spectra image streams of fully-framed faces synchronized with audio recordings of each subject speaking approximately 100 imperative phrases.
Revised:  SpeakingFaces is comprised of aligned high-resolution thermal and visual spectra image streams of fully-framed faces synchronized with audio recordings of each subject speaking approximately 100 imperative phrases.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This empirical study fills this gap by investigating the accuracy cost of mitigating disparities across several policy settings, focusing on the common context of using machine learning to inform benefit allocation in resource-constrained programs across education, mental health, criminal justice, and housing safety.
Revised:  This empirical study fills this gap by investigating the impact on accuracy of mitigating disparities across several policy settings, focusing on the common context of using machine learning to inform benefit allocation in resource-constrained programs across education, mental health, criminal justice, and housing safety.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Growing applications of machine learning in policy and social impact settings have raised concern for fairness implications, especially for racial minorities.
Revised: Growing use of machine learning in policy and social impact settings have raised concern for fairness implications, especially for racial minorities.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Growing applications of machine learning in policy and social impact settings have raised concern for fairness implications, especially for racial minorities.
Revised: Growing applications of machine learning in policy and social impact settings have raised concerns for fairness implications, especially for racial minorities.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Our empirical study fills this gap by investigating the impact on accuracy of mitigating disparities across several policy settings , focusing on the common context of using machine learning to inform benefit allocation in resource-constrained programs across education, mental health, criminal justice, and housing safety.
Revised:  Our empirical study fills this gap by investigating the impact of mitigating disparities across several policy settings , focusing on the common context of using machine learning to inform benefit allocation in resource-constrained programs across education, mental health, criminal justice, and housing safety.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our empirical study fills this gap by investigating the impact on accuracy of mitigating disparities across several policy settings , focusing on the common context of using machine learning to inform benefit allocation in resource-constrained programs across education, mental health, criminal justice, and housing safety.
Revised:  Our empirical study fills this gap by investigating the impact on accuracy of mitigating disparities on accuracy , focusing on the common context of using machine learning to inform benefit allocation in resource-constrained programs across education, mental health, criminal justice, and housing safety.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that fairness-accuracy trade-offs in many applications are negligible in practice.
Revised:  Here we describe applied work in which we find fairness-accuracy trade-offs in many applications are negligible in practice.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that fairness-accuracy trade-offs in many applications are negligible in practice.
Revised:  We show that fairness-accuracy trade-offs to be negligible in practice.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In every setting , we find that explicitly focusing on achieving equity and using our proposed post-hoc disparity mitigation methods, fairness was substantially improved without sacrificing accuracy.
Revised:  In each setting studied, explicitly focusing on achieving equity and using our proposed post-hoc disparity mitigation methods, fairness was substantially improved without sacrificing accuracy.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  However, such examples are usually imperceptible to humans,  thus their effect on biological neural circuits is largely unknown.
Revised:  However, such examples are usually imperceptible to humans, and thus their effect on biological neural circuits is largely unknown.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We wish to remark that both of the positive and negative results are indeed meaningful -- if the answer is in the affirmative, engineering insights are gained from the biological model into designing more robust learning systems;
Revised:  The results are negative in the experimental phase -- if the answer is in the affirmative, engineering insights are gained from the biological model into designing more robust learning systems;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  otherwise, neuroscientists are encouraged to fool the biological system in experiments with adversarial attacks -- which makes the project especially suitable for a pre-registration study .
Revised:  otherwise, neuroscientists are encouraged to fool the biological system in experiments with adversarial attacks .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Such a reference system that we consider appropriate is a set of randomly sampled GRNs. Recently, Nagata and Kikuchi (PLoS Comput Biol 16 (2020) e1007969) proposed an efficient procedure for randomly sampling GRNs in a wide range of fitness based on the multicanonical Monte Carlo method.
Revised:  Such a reference system that we consider appropriate is a set of randomly sampled GRNs. In this study, we constructed a reference set using the method proposed by Nagata and Kikuchi (PLoS Comput Biol 16 (2020) e1007969) proposed an efficient procedure for randomly sampling GRNs in a wide range of fitness based on the multicanonical Monte Carlo method.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Random sampling reveals that the highly-fit GRNs in this model inevitably exhibit bistability .
Revised:  Random sampling reveals that the emergence of bistability and enhancement of mutational robustness by evolution .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  But the increase in the fraction of bistable GRNs occurs at higher fitness than the reference set.
Revised:  But the increase in the fractions of bistable GRNs occurs at higher fitness than the reference set.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  But the increase in the fraction of bistable GRNs occurs at higher fitness than the reference set.
Revised:  But the increase in the fraction of bistable GRNs occurs at higher fitness levels than those in the reference set.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Thus , the emergence of a new phenotype, bistability, is delayed in evolution.
Revised:  Therefore , the emergence of a new phenotype, bistability, is delayed in evolution.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Thus , the emergence of a new phenotype, bistability, is delayed in evolution.
Revised:  Thus , the emergence of a new phenotype, bistability, was delayed in evolution.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Thus , a reference system is required .
Revised:  Therefore , a reference system is required .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The appropriate reference system for this purpose is a set of randomly sampled GRNs. In this study, we constructed a reference set using the method proposed by Nagata and Kikuchi (PLoS Comput Biol 16 (2020) e1007969)  and compared it with the results of ES.
Revised:  The appropriate reference system for this purpose is a set of randomly sampled GRNs. In this study, we constructed a reference set using the method proposed by Nagata and Kikuchi (PLoS Comput Biol 16 (2020) e1007969) and compared it with the outcomes of ES.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  While this approach can be applid to evolution in general , we focused on the emergence of bistability and enhancement of mutational robustness by evolution.
Revised:  In particular , we focused on the emergence of bistability and enhancement of mutational robustness by evolution.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We found the following results : First, random sampling revealed that GRNs with high fitness exhibited bistability when we required a sensitive response to environmental change.
Revised:  We found the following results : First, random sampling revealed that GRNs with high fitness exhibited bistability when a sensitive response to environmental change.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Bistable GRNs contain many mutationally fragile GRNs compared to non-bistable GRNs. This implies that the delayed emergence of bistability is a consequence of the mutation-selection mechanism of evolution.
Revised:  Bistable GRNs contain many mutationally fragile GRNs compared with those in the non-bistable GRNs. This implies that the delayed emergence of bistability is a consequence of the mutation-selection mechanism of evolution.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Bistable GRNs contain many mutationally fragile GRNs compared to non-bistable GRNs. This implies that the delayed emergence of bistability is a consequence of the mutation-selection mechanism of evolution.
Revised:  Bistable GRNs contain many mutationally fragile GRNs compared to non-bistable group. This suggests that the delayed emergence of bistability is a consequence of the mutation-selection mechanism of evolution.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We first propose a cyber-social system that comprises individuals in a social network and a set of information sources in a cyber layer, whose opinion dynamics explicitly takes confirmation bias, negativity bias and process noise into account.
Revised:  We first propose a cyber-social system that comprises individuals in a social network and a set of information sources in a cyber layer, whose opinion dynamics explicitly takes confirmation bias, novelty bias and process noise into account.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Building on the identified social model, we then investigate social inference, with particular focus on the weighted network topology, the subconscious bias and the model parameters of confirmation bias and negativity bias.
Revised:  Building on the identified social model, we then investigate social inference, with particular focus on the weighted network topology, the subconscious bias and the model parameters of confirmation bias and novelty bias.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Limiting injection curves when number of slugs tends to infinity is calculated .
Revised:  Limiting injection curves when number of slugs is numerically estimated .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper we argue that to address these challenges, major features of how the brain works that are currently ignored in the educational literature should be taken into account.
Revised:  In this paper we argue that to address these challenges, key features of how the brain works that are currently ignored in the educational literature should be taken into account.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper we argue that to address these challenges, major features of how the brain works that are currently ignored in the educational literature should be taken into account.
Revised:  In this paper we argue that to address these challenges, major features of how the brain works should be taken into account.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Reading is a particular case  .
Revised:  Reading is a particular case of this non-linear predictive process .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Both are socio-cultural practices driven and learnt by the communication imperative of the social brain.
Revised:  Both are socio-cultural practices that are driven through the communication imperative of the social brain.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Both are non-linear contextually shaped psycho-social processes of understanding, shaped by current knowledge and cultural contexts and practices.
Revised:  Both are non-linear contextually shaped psycho-social processes of understanding, shaped by current knowledge and cutlural contexts and practices.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  An integrated view of brain function reflecting this non-linear nature implies that an ongoing focus on personal meaning and understanding  provides positive conditions for  all aspects of literacy learning.
Revised:  An integrated view of brain function reflecting the non-linear nature implies that an ongoing focus on personal meaning and understanding provides positive conditions for all aspects of literacy learning.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  An integrated view of brain function reflecting this non-linear nature implies that an ongoing focus on personal meaning and understanding  provides positive conditions for  all aspects of literacy learning.
Revised:  An integrated view of brain function reflecting this non-linear nature implies that an ongoing focus on personal meaning and understanding provides positive conditions for learning all aspects of literacy learning.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Assessment of literacy teaching at all its stages should include indicators that take into account these foundational features relating reading and writing to neuroscience .
Revised:  Assessment of literacy teaching at all its stages should include indicators that take into account these foundational features relating reading and writing .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Bayesian persuasion , as introduced by Kamenica and Gentzkow in 2011, is the study of information sharing policies among strategic agents.
Revised: Bayesian persuasion is the study of information sharing policies among strategic agents.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  For both families, we show existence of a simple optimal signaling scheme in the sense of a small number of signals ;
Revised:  For both families, we show existence of a simple optimal signaling scheme with a small number of signals ;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We then } provide an additive bi-criteria FPTAS for an optimal constrained signaling scheme when the number of states of nature is constant ;
Revised:  We then \o} provide an additive bi-criteria FPTAS for an optimal constrained signaling scheme when the number of states of nature is constant ;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We then } provide an additive bi-criteria FPTAS for an optimal constrained signaling scheme when the number of states of nature is constant ;
Revised:  We then } provide an additive bi-criteria FPTAS for an optimal constrained signaling scheme assuming a constant number of states of nature is constant ;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We then } provide an additive bi-criteria FPTAS for an optimal constrained signaling scheme when the number of states of nature is constant ;
Revised:  We then } provide an additive bi-criteria FPTAS for an optimal constrained signaling scheme when the number of states ;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The FPTAS holds under standard assumptions , and more relaxed assumptions yield a PTAS.
Revised:  The FPTAS holds under standard assumptions ; relaxed assumptions yield a PTAS.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We demonstrate how this bound can be applied to find an approximately welfare-maximizing constrained signaling scheme in ad auctions.
Revised:  This bound applies to finding an approximately welfare-maximizing constrained signaling scheme in ad auctions.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The inversion module is to train an image encoder to map real images to the latent space of a well-trained StyleGAN.
Revised:  The inversion module maps real images to the latent space of a well-trained StyleGAN.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The visual-linguistic similarity is to learn the text-image matching by mapping the image and text into a common embedding space.
Revised:  The visual-linguistic similarity learns the text-image matching by mapping the image and text into a common embedding space.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our model can provide the lowest effect guarantee, and produce diverse and high-quality images with an unprecedented resolution at 1024.
Revised:  Our model can produce diverse and high-quality images with an unprecedented resolution at 1024.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Using a control mechanism based on style-mixing, our TediGAN inherently supports image synthesis with multi-modal inputs, such as sketches or semantic labels  with or without instance (text or real image) guidance.
Revised:  Using a control mechanism based on style-mixing, our TediGAN inherently supports image synthesis with multi-modal inputs, such as sketches or semantic labels , with or without instance (text or real image) guidance.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Using a control mechanism based on style-mixing, our TediGAN inherently supports image synthesis with multi-modal inputs, such as sketches or semantic labels  with or without instance (text or real image) guidance.
Revised:  Using a control mechanism based on style-mixing, our TediGAN inherently supports image synthesis with multi-modal inputs, such as sketches or semantic labels with or without instance guidance.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  These neurons update their local models based on the differences between their expectations and the observed signals.
Revised:  These neurons update their local models based on differences between their expectations and the observed signals.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  On a variety of benchmark datasets and metrics, it either remains competitive with or significantly outperforms other generative models with similar functionality (such as the popular variational auto-encoder).
Revised:  On a variety of benchmark datasets and metrics, it either remains competitive with or significantly outperforms other generative models with similar functionality (such as the variational auto-encoder).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The proposed solution has a number of promising applications for Pro eSports teams as well as a learning tool for amateur players .
Revised:  The proposed solution has a number of promising applications for Pro eSports teams and amateur players, such as a learning tool for amateur players .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The proposed solution has a number of promising applications for Pro eSports teams as well as a learning tool for amateur players .
Revised:  The proposed solution has a number of promising applications for Pro eSports teams as well as a learning tool or a performance monitoring system .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: In this paper, we investigate the viability of a variational U-Net architecture for denoising of single-channel audio data.
Revised: We investigate the viability of a variational U-Net architecture for denoising of single-channel audio data.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Deep network speech enhancement systems commonly aim to estimate filter masks, or opt to skip preprocessing steps to directly work on the waveform signal, potentially neglecting relationships across higher dimensional spectro-temporal features.
Revised:  Deep network speech enhancement systems commonly aim to estimate filter masks, or opt to work on the waveform signal, potentially neglecting relationships across higher dimensional spectro-temporal features.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We study the adoption of a probabilistic bottleneck , as well as dilated convolutions, into the classic U-Net architecture  .
Revised:  We study the adoption of a probabilistic bottleneck into the classic U-Net architecture .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Evaluation of a number of network variants is carried out using signal-to-distortion ratio and perceptual model scores, with audio data including known and unknown noise types as well as reverberation.
Revised:  Evaluation of several ablation network variants is carried out using signal-to-distortion ratio and perceptual model scores, with audio data including known and unknown noise types as well as reverberation.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Evaluation of a number of network variants is carried out using signal-to-distortion ratio and perceptual model scores, with audio data including known and unknown noise types as well as reverberation.
Revised:  Evaluation of a number of network variants is carried out using signal-to-distortion ratio and perceptual measures, on audio data that includes known and unknown noise types as well as reverberation.
Edit intent: clarity