wanyu/IteraTeR_v2 huggingface dataset:
Original:  Because of the analytical approach taken in the prior work, only (spatially) constant flux values along simple interfaces were considered.
Revised:  Because of the analytical approach taken in the prior work, only (spatially) constant flux values on simple interfaces were considered.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In this paper, we present a numerical approach to construct flux-forcing functions for arbitrarily complex boundaries.
Revised:  In this paper, we present a numerical technique for constructing flux-forcing functions for arbitrarily complex boundaries.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Furthermore, the flux-based VP method is extended to include (spatially varying) Robin boundary conditions, which makes the flux-based  method even more general.
Revised:  Furthermore, the flux-based VP method is extended to include (spatially varying) Robin boundary conditions, which makes the flux-based VP method even more general.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   We formally derive  flux-based volume penalized Poisson equation satisfying Neumann/Robin boundary condition in strong form;
Revised:  We formally derive the flux-based volume penalized Poisson equation satisfying Neumann/Robin boundary condition in strong form;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  However, an explicit construction of the delta function is not necessary for the flux-based VP method, which makes it different from other diffuse domain equations presented in the literature.
Revised:  However, explicit construction of the delta function is not necessary for the flux-based VP method, which makes it different from other diffuse domain equations presented in the literature.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: One of the key technologies for the future cellular networks is full-duplex (FD) enabled Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) networks operating in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies.
Revised: One of the key technologies for the future cellular networks is full duplex (FD) enabled Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) networks operating in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: One of the key technologies for the future cellular networks is full-duplex (FD) enabled Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) networks operating in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies.
Revised: One of the key technologies for the future cellular networks is full-duplex (FD) -enabled integrated access and backhaul (IAB) networks operating in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The main challenge in realizing the FD-IAB networks is mitigating the impact of self-interference (SI) in the wideband mmWave frequencies.
Revised:  The main challenge in realizing FD-IAB networks is mitigating the impact of self-interference (SI) in the wideband mmWave frequencies.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  By utilizing the subarray-based hybrid precoding scheme , at the FD-IAB-node , multiuser interference is mitigated using zero-forcing (ZF) at the transmitter, whereas the residual SI after successfully deploying antenna and analog cancellation is canceled by  minimum mean square error (MMSE) baseband combiner at the receiver.
Revised:  By utilizing the subarray-based hybrid precoding scheme at the FD-IAB node , multiuser interference is mitigated using zero-forcing (ZF) at the transmitter, whereas the residual SI after successfully deploying antenna and analog cancellation is canceled by minimum mean square error (MMSE) baseband combiner at the receiver.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  By utilizing the subarray-based hybrid precoding scheme , at the FD-IAB-node , multiuser interference is mitigated using zero-forcing (ZF) at the transmitter, whereas the residual SI after successfully deploying antenna and analog cancellation is canceled by  minimum mean square error (MMSE) baseband combiner at the receiver.
Revised:  By utilizing the subarray-based hybrid precoding scheme , at the FD-IAB-node , multiuser interference is mitigated using zero-forcing at the transmitter, whereas the residual SI after successfully deploying antenna and analog cancellation is canceled by minimum mean square error (MMSE) baseband combiner at the receiver.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  By utilizing the subarray-based hybrid precoding scheme , at the FD-IAB-node , multiuser interference is mitigated using zero-forcing (ZF) at the transmitter, whereas the residual SI after successfully deploying antenna and analog cancellation is canceled by  minimum mean square error (MMSE) baseband combiner at the receiver.
Revised:  By utilizing the subarray-based hybrid precoding scheme , at the FD-IAB-node , multiuser interference is mitigated using zero-forcing (ZF) at the transmitter, whereas the residual SI after successfully deploying antenna and analog cancellation is canceled by a minimum mean square error (MMSE) baseband combiner at the receiver.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  By utilizing the subarray-based hybrid precoding scheme , at the FD-IAB-node , multiuser interference is mitigated using zero-forcing (ZF) at the transmitter, whereas the residual SI after successfully deploying antenna and analog cancellation is canceled by  minimum mean square error (MMSE) baseband combiner at the receiver.
Revised:  By utilizing the subarray-based hybrid precoding scheme , at the FD-IAB-node , multiuser interference is mitigated using zero-forcing (ZF) at the transmitter, whereas the residual SI after successfully deploying antenna and analog cancellation is canceled by minimum mean square error baseband combiner at the receiver.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The spectral efficiency (SE) is evaluated for the RF insertion loss (RFIL) with different kinds of phase shifters and the channel uncertainty.
Revised:  The spectral efficiency (SE) is evaluated for the RF insertion loss (RFIL) with different kinds of phase shifters and channel uncertainty.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Simulation results show that, in the presence of the RFIL, the almost double SE, which is close to that obtained from fully connected hybrid precoding, can be achieved as compared with half-duplex systems , when the uncertainties are of low strength.
Revised:  Simulation results show that, in the presence of the RFIL, the almost double SE, which is close to that obtained from fully connected hybrid precoding, can be achieved as compared to half duplex systems when the uncertainties are of low strength.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Its uniqueness and approximation have thus been thoroughly studied.
Revised:  Uniqueness conditions and fitting methods have thus been thoroughly studied.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Simulation results with synthetic data are reported , which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of both rank estimation and model fitting  .
Revised:  Simulation results with synthetic data are reported , which demonstrate the merits of the proposed scheme in terms of both rank estimation and model fitting .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Simulation results with synthetic data are reported , which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of both rank estimation and model fitting  .
Revised:  Simulation results with synthetic data are reported , which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of both rank estimation and model fitting .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also provide a functional backpropagation algorithm, which enables gradient descent training of the weights.
Revised:  We also provide a functional back-propagation algorithm, which enables gradient descent training of the weights.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Online Social media (OSM) has become a primary platform for discussion on diverse topics.
Revised: Online social media (OSM) has become a primary platform for discussion on diverse topics.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Even famous and public figures often express their views on various topics through OSM platforms.
Revised:  Even famous and public figures often share their opinions on a variety of topics through OSM platforms.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Novel Coronavirus officially called COVID-19, which has become a pandemic and has created a crisis in human history , is one such topic that has attracted a lot of attention on Twitter in recent times .
Revised:  Novel Coronavirus officially called COVID-19, which has become a pandemic and has sparked a crisis in human history , is one such topic that has attracted a lot of attention on Twitter in recent times .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Novel Coronavirus officially called COVID-19, which has become a pandemic and has created a crisis in human history , is one such topic that has attracted a lot of attention on Twitter in recent times .
Revised:  Novel Coronavirus officially called COVID-19, which has become a pandemic and has created a crisis in human history .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In this work, we analyze 29 million tweets spanning across three months , to study highly influential users, which we called as leaders.
Revised:  In this study, we examine 29 million tweets spanning across three months , to study highly influential users, which we called as leaders.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this work, we analyze 29 million tweets spanning across three months , to study highly influential users, which we called as leaders.
Revised:  In this work, we analyze 29 million tweets over three months to study highly influential users, which we called as leaders.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this work, we analyze 29 million tweets spanning across three months , to study highly influential users, which we called as leaders.
Revised:  In this work, we analyze 29 million tweets spanning across three months , to study highly influential users, whom we refer to as leaders.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We identify these leaders using social network analysis and analyze their tweets using text analysis techniques.
Revised:  We recognize these leaders through social network techniques and analyze their tweets using text analysis techniques.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our analysis shows that i) all clusters show a similar amount of fear in their tweets, ii) researchers and news cluster display more sadness compared to othersand, iii) health organizations and politicians try to gain public trust.
Revised:  Our analysis shows that i) all clusters show a similar amount of fear in their tweets, (ii) research and news clusters display more sadness compared to othersand, iii) health organizations and politicians try to gain public trust.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Our analysis shows that i) all clusters show a similar amount of fear in their tweets, ii) researchers and news cluster display more sadness compared to othersand, iii) health organizations and politicians try to gain public trust.
Revised:  Our analysis shows that i) all clusters show a similar amount of fear in their tweets, ii) researchers and news cluster display more sadness than others, and ( iii) health organizations and politicians try to gain public trust.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Our analysis shows that i) all clusters show a similar amount of fear in their tweets, ii) researchers and news cluster display more sadness compared to othersand, iii) health organizations and politicians try to gain public trust.
Revised:  Our analysis shows that i) all clusters show a similar amount of fear in their tweets, ii) researchers and news cluster display more sadness compared to othersand, iii) health and politics clusters are attempting to win public trust.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our descriptive analysis helps us to extract various features that we used to classify tweets among the four clusters with an accuracy of 96\% AUC ROC.
Revised:  Our descriptive analysis helps us to extract various features that we used to classify tweets into clusters with a score of 96\% AUC ROC.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Proximity preserving and structural role-based node embeddings became a prime workhorse of applied graph mining.
Revised: Proximity preserving and structural role-based node embeddings have become a prime workhorse of applied graph mining.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Novel node embedding techniques are repetitively tested on the same benchmark datasets which led to a range of methods with questionable performance gains .
Revised:  Novel node embedding techniques are often tested on a restricted set of benchmark datasets .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To describe the additional kinematics of multiple fiber families, a so-called in-plane curvature tensor - which is symmetric and of second order - is proposed.
Revised:  To describe the additional kinematics of multiple fiber families, a so-called in-plane curvature tensor -- which is symmetric and of second order - is proposed.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  To describe the additional kinematics of multiple fiber families, a so-called in-plane curvature tensor - which is symmetric and of second order - is proposed.
Revised:  To describe the additional kinematics of multiple fiber families, a so-called in-plane curvature tensor - which is symmetric and of second order -- is proposed.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The effective stress , in-plane and out-of-plane moment tensors are then identified from the mechanical power balance.
Revised:  The effective stress tensor and the in-plane and out-of-plane moment tensors are then identified from the mechanical power balance.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  This research is the first to comprehensively study the gender solo research gap  within a whole national system: We examine the gap through individual publication portfolios constructed for each internationally visible Polish university professor  . Solo research is a special case of academic publishing where scientists compete individually, sending clear signals about their research ability.
Revised:  This research is the first to comprehensively study the gender solo research gap within a whole national system: We examine the gap through individual publication portfolios constructed for each Polish university professor . Solo research is a special case of academic publishing where scientists compete individually, sending clear signals about their research ability.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our focus is on how male and female scientists of various biological ages, age groups, academic positions, institutions, and institutional types make use of, and benefit from, solo publishing.
Revised:  Our focus is on how male and female scientists of various biological ages, age groups, academic positions, and institutional types make use of, and benefit from, solo publishing.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The low journal prestige level of female solo publications may suggest female propensity to choose less competitive publication outlets.
Revised:  The low journal prestige level of female solo publications may suggest the propensity of women scientists to choose less competitive publication outlets.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In our unique biographical, administrative, publication, and citation database (Polish Science Observatory), we have metadata on all Polish scientists present in Scopus ( N=25 ,463) and on their 158,743 Scopus-indexed articles published in 2009-2018, including 18,900 solo articles.
Revised:  In our unique biographical, administrative, publication, and citation database (Polish Science Observatory), we have metadata on all Polish scientists present in Scopus ( N-25 ,463) and on their 158,743 Scopus-indexed articles published in 2009-2018, including 18,900 solo articles.
Edit intent: style
Original: We address the packet routing problem in highly dynamic mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) .
Revised: Highly dynamic mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this paper, we present a novel framework and routing policies, DeepCQ+ routing , using multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) which is designed to be robust and scalable for MANETs.
Revised:  In this paper, we present DeepCQ+ routing , using multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) which is designed to be robust and scalable for MANETs.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Under a wide range of network sizesand mobility conditions, we have observed the reduction in normalized overhead of 10-15\%, indicating that the DeepCQ+ routing policy delivers more packets end-to-end with less overhead used .
Revised:  Under a wide range of network sizesand mobility conditions, and traffic dynamics .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful application of MADRL for the MANET routing problem that simultaneously achieves scalability and robustness under dynamic conditions while outperforming its non-neural counterpart.
Revised:  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful demonstration of MADRL for the MANET routing problem that simultaneously achieves scalability and robustness under dynamic conditions while outperforming its non-neural counterpart.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Node attributes are ubiquitous in real-world networks, whose fusion with graph topology raises new challenges for the detection and understanding of community structure.
Revised: As a fundamental structure in real-world networks, whose fusion with graph topology raises new challenges for the detection and understanding of community structure.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  With the model determined, an efficient algorithm is then developed to estimate the parameters and  infer the communities.
Revised:  With the model determined, an efficient algorithm is developed to estimate the parameters and infer the communities.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  With the model determined, an efficient algorithm is then developed to estimate the parameters and  infer the communities.
Revised:  With the model determined, an efficient algorithm is then developed to estimate the parameters and to infer the communities.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Extensive experiments have been conducted to validate our work from two aspects.
Revised:  The proposed method is validated from two aspects.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  First, the experiments on artificial networks verified the detectability condition for our model .
Revised:  First, the effectiveness of our algorithm is theoretically guaranteed by the detectability condition for our model .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Second, the comparison on various real-world datasets shows that our algorithm outperforms the competitive methods .
Revised:  Second, extensive experiments show that our method outperforms the competing approaches on a variety of real-world datasets shows that our algorithm outperforms the competitive methods .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Second, the comparison on various real-world datasets shows that our algorithm outperforms the competitive methods .
Revised:  Second, the comparison on various real-world networks .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  First, we specify the portion of data to be focused on and the measure to be predicted by slicing, dicing, and aggregating the data.
Revised:  First, we specify the part of data to be focused on and the measure to be predicted by slicing, dicing, and aggregating the data.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: The task for speaker verification (SV)  is to decide  an utterance is spoken by a target or  imposter speaker.
Revised: The speaker verification (SV) is to decide an utterance is spoken by a target or imposter speaker.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The task for speaker verification (SV)  is to decide  an utterance is spoken by a target or  imposter speaker.
Revised: The task for speaker verification (SV) task is to decide an utterance is spoken by a target or imposter speaker.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The task for speaker verification (SV)  is to decide  an utterance is spoken by a target or  imposter speaker.
Revised: The task for speaker verification (SV) is to decide whether an utterance is spoken by a target or imposter speaker.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: The task for speaker verification (SV)  is to decide  an utterance is spoken by a target or  imposter speaker.
Revised: The task for speaker verification (SV) is to decide an utterance is spoken by a target or an imposter speaker.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In most SV studies, a log-likelihood ratio ( L_LLR ) score is estimated based on a generative probability model on speaker features , and compared with a threshold for decision making .
Revised:  For most studies, a log-likelihood ratio ( L_LLR ) score is estimated based on a generative probability model on speaker features , and compared with a threshold for decision making .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In most SV studies, a log-likelihood ratio ( L_LLR ) score is estimated based on a generative probability model on speaker features , and compared with a threshold for decision making .
Revised:  In most SV studies, a log-likelihood ratio ( LLR ) score is estimated based on a generative probability model on speaker features , and compared with a threshold for decision making .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In most SV studies, a log-likelihood ratio ( L_LLR ) score is estimated based on a generative probability model on speaker features , and compared with a threshold for decision making .
Revised:  In most SV studies, a log-likelihood ratio ( L_LLR ) score is estimated based on a generative probability model on speaker features and compared with a threshold for decision making .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In most SV studies, a log-likelihood ratio ( L_LLR ) score is estimated based on a generative probability model on speaker features , and compared with a threshold for decision making .
Revised:  In most SV studies, a log-likelihood ratio ( L_LLR ) score is estimated based on a generative probability model on speaker features , and compared with a threshold for making a decision .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  However, the generative model usually focuses on feature distributions and does not have the discriminative feature selection ability, which is easy to be distracted by nuisance features.
Revised:  However, the generative model usually focuses on individual feature distributions, does not have the discriminative feature selection ability, which is easy to be distracted by nuisance features.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  However, the generative model usually focuses on feature distributions and does not have the discriminative feature selection ability, which is easy to be distracted by nuisance features.
Revised:  However, the generative model usually focuses on feature distributions and does not have the discriminative feature selection ability, and is easy to be distracted by nuisance features.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The SV , as a hypothesis test, could be formulated as a binary classification task where a neural network (NN) based discriminative learning could be applied.
Revised:  The SV could be formulated as a binary classification task where a neural network (NN) based discriminative learning could be applied.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The SV , as a hypothesis test, could be formulated as a binary classification task where a neural network (NN) based discriminative learning could be applied.
Revised:  The SV , as a hypothesis test, could be formulated as a binary discrimination task where neural network-based discriminative learning could be applied.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Through discriminative learning, the nuisance features could be removed with the help of label supervision.
Revised:  In discriminative learning, the nuisance features could be removed with the help of label supervision.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  However, the discriminative learning pays more attention to classification boundaries which is prone to overfitting to training data and yielding poor generalization on testing data.
Revised:  However, discriminative learning pays more attention to classification boundaries which is prone to overfitting to training data and yielding poor generalization on testing data.
Edit intent: clarity