wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  In particular, our comparative statics results are useful when an increase in the lottery's riskiness increases the agent's optimal action , but an increase in the lottery's expected value decreases the agent's optimal action .
Revised:  In particular, our comparative statics results are useful when an increase in a lottery's riskiness increases the agent's optimal action , but an increase in the lottery's expected value decreases the agent's optimal action .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In particular, our comparative statics results are useful when an increase in the lottery's riskiness increases the agent's optimal action , but an increase in the lottery's expected value decreases the agent's optimal action .
Revised:  In particular, our comparative statics results are useful when an increase in the lottery's riskiness changes the agent's optimal action , but an increase in the lottery's expected value decreases the agent's optimal action .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In particular, our comparative statics results are useful when an increase in the lottery's riskiness increases the agent's optimal action , but an increase in the lottery's expected value decreases the agent's optimal action .
Revised:  In particular, our comparative statics results are useful when an increase in the lottery's riskiness increases the agent's optimal action in the opposite direction to an increase in the lottery's expected value decreases the agent's optimal action .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   The results in this paper provide a foundation to estimate the effect of observed covariates as well as unobserved latent community structure on the probability of link formation in networks.
Revised:  Monte Carlo experiments suggest that the estimator performs well under different data generating processes. Our application to Facebook data shows evidence of homophily in gender, role and campus-residence, while allowing us to discover unobserved communities. The results in this paper provide a foundation to estimate the effect of observed covariates as well as unobserved latent community structure on the probability of link formation in networks.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: We provide elementary proofs of results from \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD Saari0pt%DIFAUXCMD and \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD DEMO }0pt%DIFAUXCMD regarding }  the possible outcomes arising from a fixed profile within the class of positional voting systems.
Revised: We provide elementary proofs of 0pt%DIFAUXCMD and \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD DEMO }0pt%DIFAUXCMD regarding } the possible outcomes arising from a fixed profile within the class of positional voting systems.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: We provide elementary proofs of results from \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD Saari0pt%DIFAUXCMD and \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD DEMO }0pt%DIFAUXCMD regarding }  the possible outcomes arising from a fixed profile within the class of positional voting systems.
Revised: We provide elementary proofs of results from \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD Saari0pt%DIFAUXCMD and \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD DEMO }0pt%DIFAUXCMD regarding } several results concerning the possible outcomes arising from a fixed profile within the class of positional voting systems.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Here we propose an active target search mechanism based on " epiphoresis ", the dynamics of DNA-binding proteins up or down gradients in the density of epigenetic marks  (biochemical tags on the genome).
Revised:  Here we propose an active target search mechanism based on " chromophoresis ", the dynamics of DNA-binding proteins up or down gradients in the density of epigenetic marks (biochemical tags on the genome).
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Here we propose an active target search mechanism based on " epiphoresis ", the dynamics of DNA-binding proteins up or down gradients in the density of epigenetic marks  (biochemical tags on the genome).
Revised:  Here we propose an active target search mechanism based on " epiphoresis ", the dynamics of DNA-binding proteins up or down gradients in the density of epigenetic marks , or colours (biochemical tags on the genome).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Importantly, they can also locally open a region of the genome that is collapsed due to self-interactions and "dive" deep into its core, strikingly enhancing the efficiency of target search on such an inaccessible substrate.
Revised:  Importantly, they can also locally unravel a region of the genome that is collapsed due to self-interactions and "dive" deep into its core, strikingly enhancing the efficiency of target search on such an inaccessible substrate.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Importantly, they can also locally open a region of the genome that is collapsed due to self-interactions and "dive" deep into its core, strikingly enhancing the efficiency of target search on such an inaccessible substrate.
Revised:  Importantly, they can also locally open a region of the genome which is collapsed due to self-interactions and "dive" deep into its core, strikingly enhancing the efficiency of target search on such an inaccessible substrate.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Importantly, they can also locally open a region of the genome that is collapsed due to self-interactions and "dive" deep into its core, strikingly enhancing the efficiency of target search on such an inaccessible substrate.
Revised:  Importantly, they can also locally open a region of the genome that is collapsed due to self-interactions and "dive" deep into its core, for a striking enhancement of the efficiency of target search on such an inaccessible substrate.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Analytically tractable results are obtained by using the fluctuation theory. These results predict not only the moment for changing strategy in a matrix form but also the prior moment of the change. This explicit model could be adapted into practically every strategic decision making situations which are described as a matrix form with the quantitative measures of the decision parameters .
Revised:  This theoretical model could be adapted into practically every strategic decision making situations which are described as a matrix form with the quantitative measures of the decision parameters .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This explicit model could be adapted into practically every strategic decision making situations which are described as a matrix form with the quantitative measures of the decision parameters .
Revised:  This explicit model could be adapted into practically every strategic decision making situations which are described as a matrix form with quantitative measured decision parameters. Analytically tractable results are obtained by using the fluctuation theory and these results are capable to predict the best moments of changing strategies in a matrix form .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Maynard Smith and Szathm\'ary's book, The Major Transitions in Evolution, describes eight major events in the evolution of life on Earth and identifies a common theme that unites these events. In each event, smaller entities came together to form larger entities, which can be described as symbiosis or cooperation. Here we present a computational simulation of evolving entities that includes symbiosis with shifting levels of selection.
Revised: We present a computational simulation of evolving entities that includes symbiosis with shifting levels of selection.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:   In the simulation, the fitness of an entity is measured by a series of one-on-one competitions in the Immigration Game, a two-player variation of Conway's Game of Life.
Revised:  Evolution by natural selection shifts from the level of the original entities to the level of the new symbiotic entity. In the simulation, the fitness of an entity is measured by a series of one-on-one competitions in the Immigration Game, a two-player variation of Conway's Game of Life.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We suggest that , in addition to providing new insights into  biological and cultural evolution , this model of symbiosis may have practical applications in evolutionary computation, such as in the task of learning deep neural network models .
Revised:  We suggest that , in addition to providing new insights into symbiosis in biological and cultural evolution , this model of symbiosis may have practical applications in evolutionary computation, such as in the task of learning deep neural network models .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: We develop a mathematical theory for the linear stability of stationary states  in large dynamical systems modelled by a set of randomly coupled differential equations on a locally tree-like network. Our approach provides analytical expressions for the leading eigenvalue of random matrices that describe the interactions between the degrees of freedom; the sign of the leading eigenvalue characterizes the system stability. We illustrate this approach on oriented random graphs with a prescribed degree distribution and find that the leading eigenvalue is universal in the sense that it only depends on a few ensemble parameters, including the mean degree and a degree correlation coefficient.
Revised: We develop a mathematical theory for the linear stability of stationary states in large dynamical systems defined on random directed graphs with a prescribed distribution of indegrees and outdegrees. We obtain two remarkable results for such dynamical systems: First, infinitely large systems on directed graphs can be stable even when the degree distribution has unbounded support; this result is surprising since their counterparts on nondirected graphs are unstable when system size is large enough. Second, we show that the phase transition between the stable and unstable phase is universal in the sense that it only depends on a few ensemble parameters, including the mean degree and a degree correlation coefficient.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We illustrate this approach on oriented random graphs with a prescribed degree distribution and find that the leading eigenvalue is universal in the sense that it only depends on a few ensemble parameters, including the mean degree and a degree correlation coefficient.
Revised:  We illustrate this approach on oriented random graphs with a prescribed degree distribution and find that the leading eigenvalue is universal in the sense that it depends only on a few ensemble parameters, including the mean degree and a degree correlation coefficient.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We illustrate this approach on oriented random graphs with a prescribed degree distribution and find that the leading eigenvalue is universal in the sense that it only depends on a few ensemble parameters, including the mean degree and a degree correlation coefficient.
Revised:  We illustrate this approach on oriented random graphs with a prescribed degree distribution and find that the leading eigenvalue is universal in the sense that it only depends on a few parameters, such as, the mean degree and a degree correlation coefficient.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In addition, we also characterize the unstable mode of the system of interest by deriving analytical expressions for the statistics of the components of the right and left eigenvectors associated with the leading eigenvalue.
Revised:  In addition, we also characterize the unstable mode of the system of interest by deriving analytical expressions for the statistics of the nature of the destabilizing mode, which also exhibits universal features. These results follow from an exact theory for the leading eigenvalue of infinitely large graphs that are locally tree-like and oriented, as well as, for the right and left eigenvectors associated with the leading eigenvalue.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: The rise in the availability of bacterial genomes defines a need for synthesis: abstracting from individual taxa, to see the larger patterns of bacterial lifestyles across microbial systems. In community ecology , a URLanising theory is the niche concept.
Revised: The rise in the availability of bacterial genomes defines a need for synthesis: abstracting from individual taxa, to see the larger patterns of bacterial lifestyles across systems. A key concept for such synthesis in ecology is the niche concept.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The results reveal a  niche space with continuous branching geometry, whose branches correspond to adaptations to habitats , hosts, and unique resource use strategies. This provides a new perspective on the functional capabilities of known bacteria and lays an ecological foundation for the study of microbiomes . The variables defined here constitute a new way to classify and systematise bacterial populations in ecological terms . We regard this as an important step in the quest to bring methods and results from ecology to bear on microbial communities .
Revised:  The results reveal a niche space with continuous branching geometry, whose branches constitute major strategies spanning life in different habitats and hosts. We further demonstrate that communities from similar ecosystem types map to characteristic regions of this new functional coordinate system, permitting ecological descriptions of microbiomes in terms of large scale metabolic roles that may be filled .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Generalist communities can resist becoming specialists, despite the invasion fitness of specialization  (2) Generalist and specialists can both resist cheaters despite the invasion fitness of free-riding . (3) Multiple community structures can coexist despite the opposing force of competitive exclusion.
Revised:  Generalist communities can resist becoming specialists, despite the invasion fitness of specialization , (2) Generalist and specialists can both resist cheaters despite the invasion fitness of free-riding . (3) Multiple community structures can coexist despite the opposing force of competitive exclusion.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Generalist communities can resist becoming specialists, despite the invasion fitness of specialization  (2) Generalist and specialists can both resist cheaters despite the invasion fitness of free-riding . (3) Multiple community structures can coexist despite the opposing force of competitive exclusion.
Revised:  Generalist communities can resist becoming specialists, despite the invasion fitness of specialization (2) Generalist and specialists can both resist cheaters despite the invasion fitness of free-riding , (3) Multiple community structures can coexist despite the opposing force of competitive exclusion.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We present DISCo, a novel approach for the cell segmentation in Calcium Imaging Analysis (CIA) that combines the advantages of Deep learning with a state-of-the-art Instance Segmentation algorithm and uses temporal information from the recordings in a computationally efficient way by computing Correlations between pixels .
Revised:  We present DISCo, a novel approach for the cell segmentation in calcium imaging videos. We use temporal information from the recordings in a computationally efficient way by computing Correlations between pixels .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We present DISCo, a novel approach for the cell segmentation in Calcium Imaging Analysis (CIA) that combines the advantages of Deep learning with a state-of-the-art Instance Segmentation algorithm and uses temporal information from the recordings in a computationally efficient way by computing Correlations between pixels .
Revised:  We present DISCo, a novel approach for the cell segmentation in Calcium Imaging Analysis (CIA) that combines the advantages of Deep learning with a state-of-the-art Instance Segmentation algorithm and uses temporal information from the recordings in a computationally efficient way by computing correlations between pixels and combine it with shape-based information to identify active as well as non-active cells. We first learn to predict whether two pixels belong to the same cell; this information is summarized in an undirected, edge-weighted grid graph which we then partition. In so doing, we approximately solve the NP-hard correlation clustering problem with a recently proposed greedy algorithm. Evaluating our method on the Neurofinder public benchmark shows that DISCo outperforms all existing models trained on these datasets .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: The species pool hypothesis highlights the effects of historical processes and past adaptation on contemporary patterns of species diversity .
Revised: Ecological selection is a major driver of community assembly. Selection is classified as stabilizing when species with intermediate trait values gain the highest reproductive success, whereas selection is considered directional when fitness is highest for species with extreme trait values. Previous studies have investigated the effects of different selection types on trait distribution, but the effects of selection on species diversity have remained unclear. Here, we propose a framework for inferring the type and strength of selection by studying species diversity .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: The species pool hypothesis highlights the effects of historical processes and past adaptation on contemporary patterns of species diversity . This hypothesis has been contentious because it is difficult to test. Herewe argue that a trait-based approach enables an effective test of this hypothesis where increasing mismatch between community mean trait values (the optimal trait strategy) and the mean of the species pool (representing historical legacy) decreases species diversity . We confirm this prediction using a simulation model and demonstrate its utility using experimental communities of annual plants . Using this case study, we show thatour hypothesis is more easily falsifiable than the classical species pool hypothesis and could be applied as a null hypothesis to any system.
Revised: The species pool hypothesis highlights the effects of historical processes and past adaptation on contemporary patterns of species diversity and trait distribution together against null expectations. We use a simulation model and demonstrate its utility using experimental communities of annual plants . Using this case study, we show thatour hypothesis is more easily falsifiable than the classical species pool hypothesis and could be applied as a null hypothesis to any system.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We confirm this prediction using a simulation model and demonstrate its utility using experimental communities of annual plants . Using this case study, we show thatour hypothesis is more easily falsifiable than the classical species pool hypothesis and could be applied as a null hypothesis to any system.
Revised:  We confirm this prediction using a simulation model to confirm our prediction that directional selection should lead to lower species diversity than stabilizing selection despite a similar effect on trait community-weighted variance. We apply the framework to a mesocosm system of annual plants . Using this case study, we show thatour hypothesis is more easily falsifiable than the classical species pool hypothesis and could be applied as a null hypothesis to any system.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We confirm this prediction using a simulation model and demonstrate its utility using experimental communities of annual plants . Using this case study, we show thatour hypothesis is more easily falsifiable than the classical species pool hypothesis and could be applied as a null hypothesis to any system. We also discuss the implications of our framework for the relationship between species diversity and functional diversity and propose additional testable predictions for classical hypotheses invoking past adaptations as drivers of current diversity patterns .
Revised:  We confirm this prediction using a simulation model and demonstrate its utility using experimental communities of annual plants to test whether differences in species diversity between two habitats that vary in productivity are related to differences in selection on seed mass. We show that, in both habitats, species diversity was lower than the null expectation, but that species diversity was lower in the more productive habitat. We attribute this difference to strong directional selection for large-seeded species in the productive habitat as indicated by trait community-weighted-mean being higher and community-weighted variance being lower than the null expectations. In the less productive habitat, we found that community-weighted variance was higher than expected by chance, suggesting that seed mass could be a driver of niche partitioning under such conditions. Altogether, our results suggest that viewing species diversity and functional diversity and propose additional testable predictions for classical hypotheses invoking past adaptations as drivers of current diversity patterns .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  From our simulation results, we observed that, SIR model with optimal control strategies shows a significant decrease in the proportions of infected and susceptible individuals and a rapid increase in the recovered individuals compared to SIR model without optimal control. A similar effect was observed in the SEIR model with control strategies. Following the numerical solutions , we can conclude that, effective educational campaigns and vaccination of susceptible individuals as were as effective treatments of infected individuals can help reduce the disease transmission.
Revised:  From our numerical illustrations , we can conclude that, effective educational campaigns and vaccination of susceptible individuals as were as effective treatments of infected individuals can help reduce the disease transmission.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: A dilated causal one-dimensional convolutional neural network architecture is proposed for quantile regression. The model can forecast any arbitrary quantile, and it can be trained jointly on multiple similar time series.
Revised: Convolutional neural networks can do time series forecasting. They can learn local patterns in time, and they can be modified to learn only from the history (ignoring the future) and to use a long look-back window when doing so. A further simple modification enables them to forecast not the mean, but arbitrary quantiles of the distribution. And one last thing to make this all work: the CNN forecaster's complexity and flexibility requires much data, that is, preferably multiple time series.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Convolutional neural networks can do time series forecasting . They can learn local patterns in time , and they can be modified to learn only from the history (ignoring the future) and to use a long look-back window when doing so.
Revised:  Convolutional neural networks can do time series forecasting , since they can learn local patterns in time , and they can be modified to learn only from the history (ignoring the future) and to use a long look-back window when doing so.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  A further simple modification enables them to forecast not the mean, but arbitrary quantiles of the distribution . And one last thing to make this all work: the CNN forecaster's complexity and flexibility requires much data, that is, preferably multiple time series. When this is met, the proposed QCNN framework can be competitive. It is demonstrated on a financial problem of huge practical importance: Value at Risk forecasting. By contributing to the stability of financial systems, deep learning may find one further way to improve our lives .
Revised:  A further simple modification enables them to forecast not the mean, but arbitrary quantiles of the distribution , and thus allows them to be applied to VaR-forecasting. The proposed model can learn from the price history of different assets, and it seems to produce fairly accurate forecasts .
Edit intent: coherence