wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  Here we assume that the integration of audio and visual perceptual information in the MTL during learning is a crucial step to form concepts and make continual learning possible , and we propose a biological plausible audio-visual integration model (AVIM), which is a spiking neural network with multi-compartmental neuron model and a calcium based synaptic tagging and capture plasticity model, as a possible mechanism of concept formation .
Revised:  Here we assume that the integration of audio and visual perceptual information in the MTL during learning is a crucial step to form concepts and make continual learning possible . Specifically, we use multi-compartment Hodgkin-Huxley neurons to build the model and adopt the calcium-based synaptic tagging and capture plasticity model, as a possible mechanism of concept formation .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Here we assume that the integration of audio and visual perceptual information in the MTL during learning is a crucial step to form concepts and make continual learning possible , and we propose a biological plausible audio-visual integration model (AVIM), which is a spiking neural network with multi-compartmental neuron model and a calcium based synaptic tagging and capture plasticity model, as a possible mechanism of concept formation .
Revised:  Here we assume that the integration of audio and visual perceptual information in the MTL during learning is a crucial step to form concepts and make continual learning possible , and we propose a biological plausible audio-visual integration model (AVIM), which is a spiking neural network with multi-compartmental neuron model and a calcium based synaptic tagging and capture as the model's learning rule. Furthermore, we define a new continual learning paradigm to simulate the possible continual learning process in the human brain .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We then build such a model and run on different datasets to test its ability of continual learning. Our simulation results show that the AVIM not only achieves state-of-the-art  performance compared with other advanced methods but also the output of AVIM for each concept has stable representations during the continual learningprocess .
Revised:  We then test our model under this new paradigm. Our experimental results show that the AVIM not only achieves state-of-the-art performance compared with other advanced methods but also the output of AVIM for each concept has stable representations during the continual learningprocess .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our simulation results show that the AVIM not only achieves state-of-the-art  performance compared with other advanced methods but also the output of AVIM for each concept has stable representations during the continual learningprocess .
Revised:  Our simulation results show that the proposed AVIM can achieve state-of-the-art performance compared with other advanced methods but also the output of AVIM for each concept has stable representations during the continual learningprocess .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our simulation results show that the AVIM not only achieves state-of-the-art  performance compared with other advanced methods but also the output of AVIM for each concept has stable representations during the continual learningprocess .
Revised:  Our simulation results show that the AVIM not only achieves state-of-the-art continual learning performance compared with other advanced methods but also the output of AVIM for each concept has stable representations during the continual learningprocess .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Our simulation results show that the AVIM not only achieves state-of-the-art  performance compared with other advanced methods but also the output of AVIM for each concept has stable representations during the continual learningprocess .
Revised:  Our simulation results show that the AVIM not only achieves state-of-the-art performance compared with other advanced methods such as OWM, iCaRL and GEM. Moreover, it can generate stable representations of objects during learning .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  These results support our assumption that concept formation is essential for continuous lifelong learning , and suggest the AVIM we propose here is a possible mechanism of concept formation , and hence is a brain-like solution to the problem of catastrophic URLetting .
Revised:  These results support our assumption that concept formation is essential for continuous lifelong learning and suggest the AVIM we propose here is a possible mechanism of concept formation , and hence is a brain-like solution to the problem of catastrophic URLetting .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  These results support our assumption that concept formation is essential for continuous lifelong learning , and suggest the AVIM we propose here is a possible mechanism of concept formation , and hence is a brain-like solution to the problem of catastrophic URLetting .
Revised:  These results support our assumption that concept formation is essential for continuous lifelong learning , and suggest the proposed AVIM is a possible mechanism of concept formation , and hence is a brain-like solution to the problem of catastrophic URLetting .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In their interpretation by ordinary differential equations, CRNs provide a Turing-complete model of analog computation , in the sense that any computable function over the reals can be computed by a finite number of molecular species with a continuous CRN which approximates the result of that function in one of its components in arbitrary precision.
Revised:  In their interpretation by ordinary differential equations, CRNs provide a Turing-complete model of analog computattion , in the sense that any computable function over the reals can be computed by a finite number of molecular species with a continuous CRN which approximates the result of that function in one of its components in arbitrary precision.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It uses an encoding of real variables by two non-negative variables for concentrations, and a transformation to an equivalent binomial PIVP with degree at most 2 for restricting to at most bimolecular reactions.
Revised:  It uses an encoding of real variables by two non-negative variables for concentrations, and a transformation to an equivalent quadratic PIVP (i.e. with degrees at most 2 for restricting to at most bimolecular reactions.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  It uses an encoding of real variables by two non-negative variables for concentrations, and a transformation to an equivalent binomial PIVP with degree at most 2 for restricting to at most bimolecular reactions.
Revised:  It uses an encoding of real variables by two non-negative variables for concentrations, and a transformation to an equivalent binomial PIVP with degree at most 2 ) for restricting ourselves to at most bimolecular reactions.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that both problems of minimizing either the number of variables (i.e., molecular species) or the number of mono-mials (i.e. elementary reactions) in a binomial transformation of a PIVP are NP-hard.
Revised:  We show that both problems of minimizing either the number of variables (i.e., molecular species) or the number of monomials (i.e. elementary reactions) in a binomial transformation of a PIVP are NP-hard.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We show that both problems of minimizing either the number of variables (i.e., molecular species) or the number of mono-mials (i.e. elementary reactions) in a binomial transformation of a PIVP are NP-hard.
Revised:  We show that both problems of minimizing either the number of variables (i.e., molecular species) or the number of mono-mials (i.e. elementary reactions) in a quadratic transformation of a PIVP are NP-hard.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Our construction uses a certain type of equidistributed point sets, originating from numerical analysis, known as (t,m,s)-nets or (t,s)-sequences  .
Revised:  Our construction uses a certain type of equidistributed point sets, originating from numerical analysis, known as (t,m,s)-nets or (t,s)-sequences , yielding a bound of 2^{7d .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Cholesterol and ergosterol are two dominant sterols in the membranes of eukaryotic and yeast cells, respectively. Although their chemical structure is very similar, their impact on the structure and dynamics of membranes differs. In this work, we have explored the effect of these two sterols on binary mixtures with  1, 2-dipalnitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer at various sterol concentration and temperatures , employing molecular dynamics simulations.
Revised: Sterols have been ascribed a major role in URLanization of biological membranes, in particular for the formation of liquid ordered domains in complex lipid mixtures. Interestingly, evolution has resulted in a preference for chemically similar but distinct sterol types - with cholesterol the major sterol of mammalian cells and ergosterol dominating in membranes of fungal cells. However, the molecular basis and functional consequences of the choice in sterols are not well understood. Here, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to compare the effects of cholesterol and ergosterol on binary mixtures with 1, 2-dipalnitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer at various sterol concentration and temperatures , employing molecular dynamics simulations.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In this work, we have explored the effect of these two sterols on binary mixtures with  1, 2-dipalnitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer at various sterol concentration and temperatures , employing molecular dynamics simulations.
Revised:  In this work, we have explored the effect of these two sterols on binary mixtures with saturated 1, 2-dipalnitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer at various sterol concentration and temperatures , employing molecular dynamics simulations.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In this work, we have explored the effect of these two sterols on binary mixtures with  1, 2-dipalnitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer at various sterol concentration and temperatures , employing molecular dynamics simulations.
Revised:  In this work, we have explored the effect of these two sterols on binary mixtures with 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer at various sterol concentration and temperatures , employing molecular dynamics simulations.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In this work, we have explored the effect of these two sterols on binary mixtures with  1, 2-dipalnitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer at various sterol concentration and temperatures , employing molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations revealed that cholesterol has a stronger impact on the ordering of the lipid chains and leads to more condensed membranes with respect to ergosterol.
Revised:  In this work, we have explored the effect of these two sterols on binary mixtures with 1, 2-dipalnitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipids. Our simulations with varying sterol concentrations and temperatures revealed that while both sterols were able to induce the formation of liquid ordered membrane domains, cholesterol had a noticeably stronger impact on the ordering of the lipid chains and leads to more condensed membranes with respect to ergosterol.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The simulations revealed that cholesterol has a stronger impact on the ordering of the lipid chains and leads to more condensed membranes with respect to ergosterol. This difference likely arises from a more planar structure of the ring part as well as the better alignment of cholesterol among the DPPC chains with respect to ergosterol. The degree of the planarity of the ring system affects the orientation of the methyl groups on the rough side and distribute the lipid chains on the two sides of the sterols differently.
Revised:  The simulations revealed that cholesterol has a stronger impact on lipids condensing and ordering. The observed differences could be attributed to the higher planarity of the ring system affects the orientation of the methyl groups on the rough side and distribute the lipid chains on the two sides of the sterols differently.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The degree of the planarity of the ring system affects the orientation of the methyl groups on the rough side and distribute the lipid chains on the two sides of the sterols differently. Similar to the structural observations, cholesterol also has a stronger influence on the dynamics, and consistently, establishes stronger DPPC-sterol interactions when compared to ergosterol. Although our findings are consistent with some previous simulations as well as recent experiments, they are at odds with some other studies. Therefore, the presented results may shed new lights on the impact of sterols on the saturated lipids bilayers with implications for binary mixtures of lipids as well as lipid rafts .
Revised:  The degree of the planarity of the cholesterol ring region. This planarity combined with an inherent asymmetry in its molecular interactions led to better alignment and hence stronger interaction with saturated acyl chains. Our results show that ergosterol does not have an increased capacity to form ordered lipid domains compared to cholesterol and indicate that the high order demonstrated for fungal plasma membranes must therefore be generated via different mechanisms .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Here, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to compare the effects of cholesterol and ergosterol  on binary mixtures with saturated 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipids.
Revised:  Here, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to compare the effects of cholesterol and ergosterol as the major sterol of mammalian and fungal cells, respectively, on binary mixtures with saturated 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipids.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Here, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to compare the effects of cholesterol and ergosterol  on binary mixtures with saturated 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipids.
Revised:  Here, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to compare the effects of cholesterol and ergosterol on binary mixtures with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipids.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Here, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to compare the effects of cholesterol and ergosterol  on binary mixtures with saturated 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipids. Our simulations with varying sterol concentrations and temperatures revealed that while both sterols were able to induce the formation of liquid ordered membrane domains, cholesterol had a noticeably stronger impact on lipids condensing and ordering .
Revised:  Here, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to compare the effects of cholesterol and ergosterol on binary mixtures with saturated 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) as a proxy for saturated lipids. In agreement with previous work, we observe that the addition of sterol molecules modifies the order of DPPC both in the gel phase and in the liquid phase. When disentangling systematic and random properties of the order parameter distribution, related to the tilt angle and the fluctuations, respectively, a more detailed picture of the impact of sterols can be formulated, revealing, e.g., an approximate temperature-concentration superposition ranging from the liquid to the gel phase. Furthermore, a new quantitative measure to identify the presence of collective sterol effects is discussed. Moreover, when comparing both types of sterols, addition of cholesterol has a noticeably stronger impact on lipids condensing and ordering .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Our simulations with varying sterol concentrations and temperatures revealed that while both sterols were able to induce the formation of liquid ordered membrane domains, cholesterol had a noticeably stronger impact on lipids condensing and ordering .
Revised:  Our simulations with varying sterol concentrations and temperatures revealed that while both sterols were able to induce the formation of liquid ordered membrane domains, cholesterol had a noticeably stronger impact on phospholipid properties than of ergosterol .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Our results show that ergosterol does not have an increased capacity to form ordered lipid domains compared to cholesterol and indicate that the high order demonstrated for  fungal plasma membranes must therefore be generated via different mechanisms.
Revised:  Our results show that ergosterol does not have an increased capacity to form ordered lipid domains compared to cholesterol and indicate that the high order demonstrated for ergosterol in fungal plasma membranes must therefore be generated via different mechanisms.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our results show that ergosterol does not have an increased capacity to form ordered lipid domains compared to cholesterol and indicate that the high order demonstrated for  fungal plasma membranes must therefore be generated via different mechanisms.
Revised:  Our results show that ergosterol does not have an increased capacity to form ordered lipid domains compared to cholesterol and indicate that the high order demonstrated for fungal plasma membranes must therefore be generated via additional mechanisms.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  When disentangling systematic and random properties of the order parameter distribution, related to the tilt angle and the fluctuations , respectively, a more detailed picture of the impact of sterols can be formulated, revealing, e.g., an approximate temperature-concentration superposition ranging from the liquid to the gel phase.
Revised:  When disentangling the overall tilt angle and the fluctuations , respectively, a more detailed picture of the impact of sterols can be formulated, revealing, e.g., an approximate temperature-concentration superposition ranging from the liquid to the gel phase.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  When disentangling systematic and random properties of the order parameter distribution, related to the tilt angle and the fluctuations , respectively, a more detailed picture of the impact of sterols can be formulated, revealing, e.g., an approximate temperature-concentration superposition ranging from the liquid to the gel phase.
Revised:  When disentangling systematic and random properties of the order parameter distribution, related to the tilt angle and the structure of the tail imposed by trans/gauche configurations of torsion angles in the tail , respectively, a more detailed picture of the impact of sterols can be formulated, revealing, e.g., an approximate temperature-concentration superposition ranging from the liquid to the gel phase.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  However, these methods do not apply to the generalized problems. We showed that such problems are still tractable , and can be solved efficiently as conic programs.
Revised:  However, these methods do not apply to the generalized problem. We show that the generalized problem is still tractable under the multinomial logit (MNL), the nested logit (NL) and the Markov chain (MC) choice model. Such problems can still be transformed into convex programs , and can be solved efficiently as conic programs.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We showed that such problems are still tractable , and can be solved efficiently as conic programs. This argument applies to optimization problems under multinomial logit models, and applies to problems under nested logit models when certain assumptionshold. These generalized problems are very common in retail and transportation industries.This paper allows practitioners to solve such problemsdirectly using commercial solvers .
Revised:  We showed that such problems are still tractable , and optimal solutions exist under certain assumptions. We also show that linear constraints in market shares (e.g. resource constraints) can be added to the optimization problems, and the tractability results still hold .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  This survey discusses 205 articles (75 \% of articles published between 2015 - 2019) to review the field of human interaction in connected cities with emphasis on augmented reality-driven interaction.
Revised:  This survey discusses 260 articles (68.8 \% of articles published between 2015 - 2019) to review the field of human interaction in connected cities with emphasis on augmented reality-driven interaction.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We apply our inequalities to various applications from different fields, including risk aversion, risk measures, moment generating functions, and log-likelihood functions  .
Revised:  We apply our inequalities to quantify the notion "more risk averse" provided in \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD pratt1978risk applications from different fields, including risk aversion, risk measures, moment generating functions, and log-likelihood functions .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We develop an exact mixed-integer linear optimization formulation, as well as an efficient block coordinate descent algorithm, that enable us to compute  near-optimal hashing schemes for elements seen in the observed stream prefix;
Revised:  We develop an exact mixed-integer linear optimization formulation, as well as an efficient block coordinate descent algorithm, that enable us to compute optimal or near-optimal hashing schemes for elements seen in the observed stream prefix;
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:   We empirically evaluate the proposed approach on real-world search query data and show that it outperforms existing approaches by one to two orders of magnitude in terms of its average (per element) estimation error and by 45-90\% in terms of its expected magnitude of estimation error.
Revised:  Further, we develop an efficient block coordinate descent algorithm, which, as we empirically show, produces high quality solutions, and, in a special case, we are able to solve the proposed formulation exactly in linear time using dynamic programming. We empirically evaluate the proposed approach on real-world search query data and show that it outperforms existing approaches by one to two orders of magnitude in terms of its average (per element) estimation error and by 45-90\% in terms of its expected magnitude of estimation error.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:   We empirically evaluate the proposed approach on real-world search query data and show that it outperforms existing approaches by one to two orders of magnitude in terms of its average (per element) estimation error and by 45-90\% in terms of its expected magnitude of estimation error.
Revised:  We empirically evaluate the proposed approach both on synthetic datasets and on real-world search query data and show that it outperforms existing approaches by one to two orders of magnitude in terms of its average (per element) estimation error and by 45-90\% in terms of its expected magnitude of estimation error.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:   We empirically evaluate the proposed approach on real-world search query data and show that it outperforms existing approaches by one to two orders of magnitude in terms of its average (per element) estimation error and by 45-90\% in terms of its expected magnitude of estimation error.
Revised:  We empirically evaluate the proposed approach on real-world search query data . We show that the proposed approach outperforms existing approaches by one to two orders of magnitude in terms of its average (per element) estimation error and by 45-90\% in terms of its expected magnitude of estimation error.
Edit intent: coherence