wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  The main conformational states were determined using a clustering analysis routine within the AMBER software and the predominant modes of motion of the activation were determined performing a principal component analysis that revealed different degree of flexibility within the  activation loop . The 9 GHz EPR spectrum of the Aurora-A kinase was measured in order to study the dynamics of the MTSL spin label attached within the activation loop , MD provided information about the different motional contributions to the overall dynamics of the MTSL and about interactions between the MTSL and the residues of the protein . Data obtained from MD were seen to be in good agreement with those obtained from QM performed in previous work and with the experimental EPR data .
Revised:  The main conformational states were determined using a clustering analysis routine within the AMBER software and the predominant modes of motion of the activation were determined performing a principal component analysis that revealed different degree of flexibility within the activation loop for the electron paramagnetic measurements. MD was used to determine structural fluctuations, order parameters and rotational correlation times of the motion of the activation loop and of the MTSL. Theoretical data obtained were used as input for the calculation of the room temperature 9 GHz EPR spectrum of the Aurora-A kinase was measured in order to study the dynamics of the MTSL spin label attached within the activation loop , MD provided information about the different motional contributions to the overall dynamics of the MTSL and about interactions between the MTSL and the residues of the protein . Data obtained from MD were seen to be in good agreement with those obtained from QM performed in previous work and with the experimental EPR data .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The 9 GHz EPR spectrum of the Aurora-A kinase was measured in order to study the dynamics of the MTSL spin label attached within the activation loop , MD provided information about the different motional contributions to the overall dynamics of the MTSL and about interactions between the MTSL and the residues of the protein . Data obtained from MD were seen to be in good agreement with those obtained from QM performed in previous work and with the experimental EPR data .
Revised:  The 9 GHz continuous wave EPR of the Aurora-A kinase was measured in order to study the dynamics of the MTSL spin label attached within the activation loop , MD provided information about the different motional contributions to the overall dynamics of the MTSL and about interactions between the MTSL and the residues of the protein . Data obtained from MD were seen to be in good agreement with those obtained from QM performed in previous work and with the experimental EPR data .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The 9 GHz EPR spectrum of the Aurora-A kinase was measured in order to study the dynamics of the MTSL spin label attached within the activation loop , MD provided information about the different motional contributions to the overall dynamics of the MTSL and about interactions between the MTSL and the residues of the protein . Data obtained from MD were seen to be in good agreement with those obtained from QM performed in previous work and with the experimental EPR data .
Revised:  The 9 GHz EPR spectrum of the Aurora-A kinase in solution and the residues of the protein . Data obtained from MD were seen to be in good agreement with those obtained from QM performed in previous work and with the experimental EPR data .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The 9 GHz EPR spectrum of the Aurora-A kinase was measured in order to study the dynamics of the MTSL spin label attached within the activation loop , MD provided information about the different motional contributions to the overall dynamics of the MTSL and about interactions between the MTSL and the residues of the protein . Data obtained from MD were seen to be in good agreement with those obtained from QM performed in previous work and with the experimental EPR data .
Revised:  The 9 GHz EPR spectrum of the Aurora-A kinase was measured in order to study the dynamics of the MTSL spin label attached within the activation loop , MD provided information about the different motional contributions to the overall dynamics of the MTSL and about interactions between the MTSL and the comparison between simulated and experimental date revealed that the motion of the protein . Data obtained from MD were seen to be in good agreement with those obtained from QM performed in previous work and with the experimental EPR data .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The 9 GHz EPR spectrum of the Aurora-A kinase was measured in order to study the dynamics of the MTSL spin label attached within the activation loop , MD provided information about the different motional contributions to the overall dynamics of the MTSL and about interactions between the MTSL and the residues of the protein . Data obtained from MD were seen to be in good agreement with those obtained from QM performed in previous work and with the experimental EPR data .
Revised:  The 9 GHz EPR spectrum of the Aurora-A kinase was measured in order to study the dynamics of the MTSL spin label attached within the activation loop , MD provided information about the different motional contributions to the overall dynamics of the MTSL and about interactions between the MTSL and the residues of the protein and spin label occurred on comparable timescales .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: The main purpose of this tutorial is to introduce the particle Metropolis-Hastings (PMH) algorithm for parameter inference in nonlinear state space models (SSMs) . Throughout the tutorial, we develop an implementation of the PMH algorithm (and the integrated particle filter) in the statistical programming language R (similar code for MATLAB and Python is also provided on GitHub) .
Revised: The main purpose of this tutorial is to introduce the particle Metropolis-Hastings (PMH) algorithm for parameter inference in nonlinear state space models (SSMs) together with a software implementation in the statistical programming language R. Throughout this tutorial, we develop an implementation of the PMH algorithm (and the integrated particle filter) in the statistical programming language R (similar code for MATLAB and Python is also provided on GitHub) .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: We provide a gentle introduction to the particle Metropolis-Hastings (PMH) algorithm for parameter inference in nonlinear state space models (SSMs) together with a software implementation in the statistical programming language R.
Revised: This tutorial provides a gentle introduction to the particle Metropolis-Hastings (PMH) algorithm for parameter inference in nonlinear state space models (SSMs) together with a software implementation in the statistical programming language R.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To illustrate the use of PMH, we consider parameter inference in a linear Gaussian SSM with synthetic data and a nonlinear stochastic volatility model with real-world data . We conclude the tutorial by discussing important possible improvements to the algorithm and we also list suitable references for further study .
Revised:  To illustrate the use of PMH, we consider parameter inference in a linear Gaussian SSM with synthetic data and a nonlinear stochastic volatility model with real-world data .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  By contrast, a recently-discovered nanomaterial made from peptoids, structural isomers of peptides, displays a secondary-structure motif corresponding to %DIFDELCMD < {\it %%% two regions on the Ramachandran plot [Mannige %DIFDELCMD < {\it %%% et al. ,%DIFDELCMD < {\em %%% Nature 526, 415 (2015)].
Revised:  By contrast, a recently-discovered nanomaterial made from peptoids, structural isomers of peptides, displays a secondary-structure motif corresponding to %DIFDELCMD < {\it %%% two regions on the Ramachandran plot [Mannige %DIFDELCMD < {\it %%% et al. ,%DIFDELCMD < {\em %%% Nature 526, 415 (2015)].
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  By contrast, a recently-discovered nanomaterial made from peptoids, structural isomers of peptides, displays a secondary-structure motif corresponding to %DIFDELCMD < {\it %%% two regions on the Ramachandran plot [Mannige %DIFDELCMD < {\it %%% et al. ,%DIFDELCMD < {\em %%% Nature 526, 415 (2015)].
Revised:  By contrast, a recently-discovered nanomaterial made from peptoids, structural isomers of peptides, displays a secondary-structure motif corresponding to %DIFDELCMD < {\it %%% two regions on the Ramachandran plot [Mannige %DIFDELCMD < {\it %%% et al. %DIFDELCMD < {\em %%% Nature 526, 415 (2015)].
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  By contrast, a recently-discovered nanomaterial made from peptoids, structural isomers of peptides, displays a secondary-structure motif corresponding to %DIFDELCMD < {\it %%% two regions on the Ramachandran plot [Mannige %DIFDELCMD < {\it %%% et al. ,%DIFDELCMD < {\em %%% Nature 526, 415 (2015)].
Revised:  By contrast, a recently-discovered nanomaterial made from peptoids, structural isomers of peptides, displays a secondary-structure motif corresponding to %DIFDELCMD < {\it %%% two regions on the Ramachandran plot [Mannige %DIFDELCMD < {\it %%% et al. ,%DIFDELCMD < {\em %%% , Nature 526, 415 (2015)].
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In order to describe such `higher-order' secondary structure in a compact way , we introduce here a means of describing regions on the Ramachandran plot in terms of a single %DIFDELCMD < {\em %%% Ramachandran number , {R}, which is a structurally meaningful combination of \phi and \psi.
Revised:  In order to describe such `higher-order' secondary structure in a compact way we introduce here a means of describing regions on the Ramachandran plot in terms of a single %DIFDELCMD < {\em %%% Ramachandran number , {R}, which is a structurally meaningful combination of \phi and \psi.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In order to describe such `higher-order' secondary structure in a compact way , we introduce here a means of describing regions on the Ramachandran plot in terms of a single %DIFDELCMD < {\em %%% Ramachandran number , {R}, which is a structurally meaningful combination of \phi and \psi.
Revised:  In order to describe such `higher-order' secondary structure in a compact way , we introduce here a means of describing regions on the Ramachandran plot in terms of a single %DIFDELCMD < {\em %%% Ramachandran number , {R}, which is a structurally meaningful combination of \phi and \psi.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We also apply a variant of the C-property to establish a w^*-representation theorem for proper convex increasing functionals on dual Banach lattices that satisfy a suitable version of Delbaen's Fatou property  ]  .
Revised:  We also establish a variant of the C-property to establish a w^*-representation theorem for proper convex increasing functionals on dual Banach lattices that satisfy a suitable version of Delbaen's Fatou property ] .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We also apply a variant of the C-property to establish a w^*-representation theorem for proper convex increasing functionals on dual Banach lattices that satisfy a suitable version of Delbaen's Fatou property  ]  .
Revised:  We also apply a variant of the C-property and use it to prove a w^*-representation theorem for proper convex increasing functionals on dual Banach lattices that satisfy a suitable version of Delbaen's Fatou property ] .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also apply a variant of the C-property to establish a w^*-representation theorem for proper convex increasing functionals on dual Banach lattices that satisfy a suitable version of Delbaen's Fatou property  ]  .
Revised:  We also apply a variant of the C-property to establish a w^*-representation theorem for proper convex increasing functionals on dual Banach lattices that satisfy a suitable version of Delbaen's Fatou property . Our results apply, in particular, to risk measures on all Orlicz spaces over ] .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We also apply a variant of the C-property to establish a w^*-representation theorem for proper convex increasing functionals on dual Banach lattices that satisfy a suitable version of Delbaen's Fatou property  ]  .
Revised:  We also apply a variant of the C-property to establish a w^*-representation theorem for proper convex increasing functionals on dual Banach lattices that satisfy a suitable version of Delbaen's Fatou property 0,1] .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We also apply a variant of the C-property to establish a w^*-representation theorem for proper convex increasing functionals on dual Banach lattices that satisfy a suitable version of Delbaen's Fatou property  ]  .
Revised:  We also apply a variant of the C-property to establish a w^*-representation theorem for proper convex increasing functionals on dual Banach lattices that satisfy a suitable version of Delbaen's Fatou property ] which is not L_1[0,1] .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Recent works in quantitative evolution have shown that biological structures are constrained by selected phenotypes in unexpected ways . This is also observed in simulations of gene network evolution, where complex realistic traits naturally appear even if they have not been explicitly selected . An important biological example is the absolute discrimination between different ligand "qualities", such as immune decisions based on binding times to T cell receptors (TCRs) or Fc%DIFDELCMD < \epsilonRIs%%% . In evolutionary simulations, the phenomenon of absolute discrimination is not achieved without detrimental ligand antagonism : a "dog in the manger" effect in which ligands unable to trigger response prevent agonists to do so.
Revised: %DIFDELCMD < \epsilonRIs%%% . In evolutionary simulations, the phenomenon of absolute discrimination is not achieved without detrimental ligand antagonism : a "dog in the manger" effect in which ligands unable to trigger response prevent agonists to do so.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  An important biological example is the absolute discrimination between different ligand "qualities", such as immune decisions based on binding times to T cell receptors (TCRs) or Fc%DIFDELCMD < \epsilonRIs%%% . In evolutionary simulations, the phenomenon of absolute discrimination is not achieved without detrimental ligand antagonism : a "dog in the manger" effect in which ligands unable to trigger response prevent agonists to do so. A priori it seems paradoxical to improve ligand discrimination in a context of increased ligand antagonism, and how such contradictory phenotypes can be disentangled is unclear. Here we establish for the first time a direct mathematical causal link between absolute discriminationand ligand antagonism.Inspired by the famous discussion by Gould and Lewontin, we thus qualify antagonism as a  "phenotypic spandrel": a phenotype existing as a necessary by-product of another phenotype.
Revised:  An important biological example is the absolute discrimination between different ligand "qualities", such as immune decisions based on binding times to T cell receptors (TCRs) or Fc%DIFDELCMD < \epsilonRIs%%% We consider the general problem of absolute discrimination between categories of ligands irrespective of their concentration. An instance of this problem is immune discrimination between self and not-self. We connect this problem to biochemical adaptation, and establish that ligand antagonism - the ability of sub threshold ligands to negatively impact response - is a "phenotypic spandrel": a phenotype existing as a necessary by-product of another phenotype.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Inspired by the famous discussion by Gould and Lewontin, we thus qualify antagonism as a  "phenotypic spandrel": a phenotype existing as a necessary by-product of another phenotype.
Revised: Inspired by the famous discussion by Gould and Lewontin, we thus qualify antagonism as a necessary consequence of absolute discrimination.Thus antagonism constitutes a "phenotypic spandrel": a phenotype existing as a necessary by-product of another phenotype.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We exhibit a general model for absolute discrimination , and further show how addition of proofreading steps inverts the expected hierarchy of antagonism without fully cancelling it.
Revised:  We exhibit a simple analytic model of absolute discrimination displaying ligand antagonism, where antagonism strength is linear in distance from threshold. This contrasts with proofreading based models, where antagonism vanishes far from threshold and thus displays an inverted hierarchy of antagonism without fully cancelling it.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We exhibit a general model for absolute discrimination , and further show how addition of proofreading steps inverts the expected hierarchy of antagonism without fully cancelling it. Phenotypic spandrels reveal the internal feedbacks and constraints structuring response in signalling pathways, in very similar way to symmetries structuring physical laws\epsilonRIs .
Revised:  We exhibit a general model for absolute discrimination , and further show how addition of proofreading steps inverts the expected hierarchy of antagonism compared to simple model . The phenotypic spandrel studied here is expected to structure many decision pathways such as immune detection mediated by TCRs and Fc\epsilonRIs .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  An instance of this problem is immune discrimination between self and not-self . We connect this problem to biochemical adaptation , and establish thatligand antagonism - the ability of sub threshold ligands to negatively impact response - is a necessary consequence of absolute discrimination .
Revised:  An instance of this problem is immune discrimination between self and not-self , where it is also observed experimentally that ligands just below discrimination threshold negatively impact response, a phenomenon called antagonism. We characterize mathematically the generic properties of such discrimination, first relating it to biochemical adaptation , and establish thatligand antagonism - the ability of sub threshold ligands to negatively impact response - is a necessary consequence of absolute discrimination .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The phenotypic spandrel studied here is expected to structure many decision pathways such as immune detection mediated by TCRs and Fc \epsilonRIs  .
Revised:  The phenotypic spandrel studied here is expected to structure many decision pathways such as immune detection mediated by TCRs and Fc \epsilonRIs , as well as endocrine signalling/disruption .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The largest price the buyers on the book are willing to pay to buy the security is called the market bid price, and the smallest price the sellers on the book are willing to receive to sell the security is called the market ask price.
Revised:  The largest price buyers on the book are willing to pay to buy the security is called the market bid price, and the smallest price the sellers on the book are willing to receive to sell the security is called the market ask price.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The largest price the buyers on the book are willing to pay to buy the security is called the market bid price, and the smallest price the sellers on the book are willing to receive to sell the security is called the market ask price.
Revised:  The largest price the buyers on the book are willing to offer is called the market bid price, and the smallest price the sellers on the book are willing to receive to sell the security is called the market ask price.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The largest price the buyers on the book are willing to pay to buy the security is called the market bid price, and the smallest price the sellers on the book are willing to receive to sell the security is called the market ask price.
Revised:  The largest price the buyers on the book are willing to pay to buy the security is called the market bid price, and the smallest price sellers on the book are willing to receive to sell the security is called the market ask price.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The largest price the buyers on the book are willing to pay to buy the security is called the market bid price, and the smallest price the sellers on the book are willing to receive to sell the security is called the market ask price.
Revised:  The largest price the buyers on the book are willing to pay to buy the security is called the market bid price, and the smallest price the sellers on the book are willing to accept is called the market ask price.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We model these two price processes as `` bouncing geometric Brownian motions ( GBM)'': that is, the price processes evolve according to two independent GBMs between trading times . We show that, under this model,  the inter-trading times follow an inverse Gaussian distribution , and the logarithmic returns between consecutive trading times follow a normal inverse Gaussian distribution.
Revised:  We model these two price processes as `` bouncing geometric Brownian motions ( GBMs)", which are defined as exponentials of two mutually reflected Brownian motions. We then modify these bouncing GBMs to construct a discrete time stochastic process of trading times and trading prices, which is parameterized by a positive parameter \delta. Under this model, the inter-trading times follow an inverse Gaussian distribution , and the logarithmic returns between consecutive trading times follow a normal inverse Gaussian distribution.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We show that the logarithmic trading price process is a renewal reward process, and that, under a suitable scaling, this renewal reward process converges to a standard Brownian motion \to \to0 . Finally, we develop a GBM asymptotic model for trading prices, and derive a simple and effective prediction formula .
Revised:  Our main results show that the logarithmic trading price process is a renewal reward process, and that, under a suitable scaling, this renewal reward process converges to a standard Brownian motion \to \to0 . Finally, we develop a GBM asymptotic model for trading prices, and derive a simple and effective prediction formula .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We show that the logarithmic trading price process is a renewal reward process, and that, under a suitable scaling, this renewal reward process converges to a standard Brownian motion \to \to0 . Finally, we develop a GBM asymptotic model for trading prices, and derive a simple and effective prediction formula .
Revised:  We show that the logarithmic trading price process is a renewal reward process, and under a suitable scaling, this renewal reward process converges to a standard Brownian motion \to \to0 . Finally, we develop a GBM asymptotic model for trading prices, and derive a simple and effective prediction formula .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We show that the logarithmic trading price process is a renewal reward process, and that, under a suitable scaling, this renewal reward process converges to a standard Brownian motion \to \to0 . Finally, we develop a GBM asymptotic model for trading prices, and derive a simple and effective prediction formula .
Revised:  We show that the logarithmic trading price process is a renewal reward process, and that, under a suitable scaling, this process converges to a standard Brownian motion \to \to0 . Finally, we develop a GBM asymptotic model for trading prices, and derive a simple and effective prediction formula .
Edit intent: fluency