wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original: We show that Lyons' rough path integral is a natural tool to use in model free financial mathematics by proving that it is possible to make an arbitrarily large profit by investing in those paths which do not have a rough path associated to them.
Revised: We present two different approaches to stochastic integration in frictionless model free financial mathematics by proving that it is possible to make an arbitrarily large profit by investing in those paths which do not have a rough path associated to them.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: We show that Lyons' rough path integral is a natural tool to use in model free financial mathematics by proving that it is possible to make an arbitrarily large profit by investing in those paths which do not have a rough path associated to them.
Revised: We show that Lyons' rough path integral is a natural tool to use in model free financial mathematics . The first one is in the spirit of It\^o's integral and based on a certain topology which is induced by the outer measure corresponding to the minimal superhedging price. The second one is based on the controlled rough path integral. We prove that every "typical price path" has a naturally associated It\^o rough path, and justify the application of the controlled rough path associated to them.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: We show that Lyons' rough path integral is a natural tool to use in model free financial mathematics by proving that it is possible to make an arbitrarily large profit by investing in those paths which do not have a rough path associated to them. We also show that in certain situations, the rough path integral can be constructed as a limit of Riemann sums, and not just as a limit of compensated Riemann sums which are usually used to define it.
Revised: We show that Lyons' rough path integral is a natural tool to use in model free financial mathematics by proving that it is possible to make an arbitrarily large profit by investing in those paths which do not have a rough path integral can be constructed as a limit of Riemann sums, and not just as a limit of compensated Riemann sums which are usually used to define it.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also show that in certain situations, the rough path integral can be constructed as a limit of Riemann sums, and not just as a limit of compensated Riemann sums which are usually used to define it.
Revised:  We also show that in certain situations, the rough path integral in finance by showing that it is the limit of non-anticipating Riemann sums, and not just as a limit of compensated Riemann sums which are usually used to define it.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We also show that in certain situations, the rough path integral can be constructed as a limit of Riemann sums, and not just as a limit of compensated Riemann sums which are usually used to define it. This proves that the rough path integral is really an extension of F\"ollmer's pathwise It\^o integral. Moreover, we construct a "model free It\^o integral" in the spirit of Karandikar .
Revised:  We also show that in certain situations, the rough path integral can be constructed as a limit of Riemann sums, a new result in itself. Compared to the first approach, rough paths have the disadvantage of severely restricting the space of integrands, but the advantage of being a Banach space theory. Both approaches are based entirely on financial arguments and do not require any probabilistic structure .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: A biomimetic minimalist model membrane is used to study the mechanism and kinetics of the in vitro HIV-1 Gag budding from a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV).
Revised: A biomimetic minimalist model membrane was used to study the mechanism and kinetics of the in vitro HIV-1 Gag budding from a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV).
Edit intent: fluency
Original: A biomimetic minimalist model membrane is used to study the mechanism and kinetics of the in vitro HIV-1 Gag budding from a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV).
Revised: A biomimetic minimalist model membrane is used to study the mechanism and kinetics of cell-free in vitro HIV-1 Gag budding from a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV).
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The Gag is found to lead to resolution limited punctae on the lipid membranes of the GUV . The introduction of the Gag  to a GUV solution containing RNA led to the budding of minivesicles on the inside surface of the GUV.
Revised:  Gag forms resolution limited punctae on the lipid membranes of the GUV . The introduction of the Gag to a GUV solution containing RNA led to the budding of minivesicles on the inside surface of the GUV.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The Gag is found to lead to resolution limited punctae on the lipid membranes of the GUV . The introduction of the Gag  to a GUV solution containing RNA led to the budding of minivesicles on the inside surface of the GUV.
Revised:  The Gag is found to lead to resolution limited punctae on the GUV lipid membrane. Introduction of the Gag to a GUV solution containing RNA led to the budding of minivesicles on the inside surface of the GUV.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The Gag is found to lead to resolution limited punctae on the lipid membranes of the GUV . The introduction of the Gag  to a GUV solution containing RNA led to the budding of minivesicles on the inside surface of the GUV.
Revised:  The Gag is found to lead to resolution limited punctae on the lipid membranes of the GUV . The introduction of the Gag and urea to a GUV solution containing RNA led to the budding of minivesicles on the inside surface of the GUV.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The Gag is found to lead to resolution limited punctae on the lipid membranes of the GUV . The introduction of the Gag  to a GUV solution containing RNA led to the budding of minivesicles on the inside surface of the GUV.
Revised:  The Gag is found to lead to resolution limited punctae on the lipid membranes of the GUV . The introduction of the Gag to a GUV solution containing RNA led to the budding of mini-vesicles on the inside surface of the GUV.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The method is promising and will allow the systematic study of the dynamics of assembly of immature HIV and help classify the hierarchy of factors that impact the Gag protein initiated assembly of retroviruses such as HIV . The GUV system might also be a good platform for HIV-1 drug screening .
Revised:  In the absence of RNA, addition of urea to GUVs incubated with Gag also resulted in subvesicle formation but exterior to the surface. These observations suggest the possibility that clustering of GAG proteins leads to membrane invagination even in the absence of host cell proteins. The method presented here is promising, and allows for systematic study of the dynamics of assembly of immature HIV and help classify the hierarchy of factors that impact the Gag protein initiated assembly of retroviruses such as HIV . The GUV system might also be a good platform for HIV-1 drug screening .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The method is promising and will allow the systematic study of the dynamics of assembly of immature HIV and help classify the hierarchy of factors that impact the Gag protein initiated assembly of retroviruses such as HIV . The GUV system might also be a good platform for HIV-1 drug screening .
Revised:  The method is promising and will allow the systematic study of the dynamics of assembly of immature HIV and help classify the hierarchy of factors that impact the Gag protein initiated assembly of retroviruses such as HIV .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  This  dialogue is the continuation of the previous FAQ "Counterparty Risk, Collateral and Funding FAQ" by Brigo (2011).
Revised:  This framework is important following the fact that derivatives valuation and risk analysis has moved from exotic derivatives managed on simple single asset classes to simple derivatives embedding the new or previously neglected types of complex and interconnected nonlinear risks we address here. This dialogue is the continuation of the previous FAQ "Counterparty Risk, Collateral and Funding FAQ" by Brigo (2011).
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  on the non-linearities emerging from assuming borrowing and lending rates to be different, on the resulting aggregation-dependent valuation process and its operational challenges, on the closeout boundary conditions at default, on the implications of the onset of central clearing, on the macro and micro effects on valuation and risk of the onset of CCPs, on initial and variation margins impact on valuation  and on multiple discount curves.
Revised:  on the non-linearities emerging from assuming borrowing and lending rates to be different, on the resulting aggregation-dependent valuation process and its operational challenges, on the implications of the onset of central clearing, on the macro and micro effects on valuation and risk of the onset of CCPs, on initial and variation margins impact on valuation and on multiple discount curves.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  on the non-linearities emerging from assuming borrowing and lending rates to be different, on the resulting aggregation-dependent valuation process and its operational challenges, on the closeout boundary conditions at default, on the implications of the onset of central clearing, on the macro and micro effects on valuation and risk of the onset of CCPs, on initial and variation margins impact on valuation  and on multiple discount curves.
Revised:  on the non-linearities emerging from assuming borrowing and lending rates to be different, on the resulting aggregation-dependent valuation process and its operational challenges, on the closeout boundary conditions at default, on the implications of the onset of central clearing, on the macro and micro effects on valuation and risk of the onset of CCPs, on initial and variation margins impact on valuation , and on multiple discount curves.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Through questions and answers and  by referring to the growing body of literature on the subject  we present a unified view of valuation (and risk) that takes all such aspects into account .
Revised:  Through questions and answers and A) between a senior expert and a junior colleague, and by referring to the growing body of literature on the subject we present a unified view of valuation (and risk) that takes all such aspects into account .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Through questions and answers and  by referring to the growing body of literature on the subject  we present a unified view of valuation (and risk) that takes all such aspects into account . We argue that the full onset of CCPs will not lead to the end of valuation and risk models but rather to the use of such models to verify and check that CCPs margin pricing is fair and adequate for the risks being covered. The dialogue is in the form of a Q A between a senior expert and a recently hired colleague .
Revised:  Through questions and answers and by referring to the growing body of literature on the subject we present a unified view of valuation (and risk) that takes all such aspects into account A between a senior expert and a recently hired colleague .
Edit intent: coherence
Original: I sketch a broad program for a microeconomic theory of the  business cycle as a recurring episode of disequilibrium, driven by incompleteness of the financial market and by information asymmetries between borrowers and lenders.
Revised: I sketch a program for a microeconomic theory of the business cycle as a recurring episode of disequilibrium, driven by incompleteness of the financial market and by information asymmetries between borrowers and lenders.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: I sketch a broad program for a microeconomic theory of the  business cycle as a recurring episode of disequilibrium, driven by incompleteness of the financial market and by information asymmetries between borrowers and lenders.
Revised: I sketch a broad program for a microeconomic theory of the main component of the business cycle as a recurring episode of disequilibrium, driven by incompleteness of the financial market and by information asymmetries between borrowers and lenders.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: I sketch a broad program for a microeconomic theory of the  business cycle as a recurring episode of disequilibrium, driven by incompleteness of the financial market and by information asymmetries between borrowers and lenders.
Revised: I sketch a broad program for a microeconomic theory of the business cycle as a recurring disequilibrium, driven by incompleteness of the financial market and by information asymmetries between borrowers and lenders.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Extensions of the main method to deal with hedged portfolios, conditional heteroskedasticity, and conditional expectation are given .
Revised:  Extensions of the main method to deal with hedged portfolios, conditional heteroskedasticity, conditional expectation, and constrained estimation are given. It is shown that the Hotelling-Lawley statistic generalizes the (squared) Sharpe ratio under the conditional expectation model. Asymptotic distributions of all four of the common `MGLH' statistics are found, assuming random covariates. Examples are given demonstrating the possible uses of these results .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Cytoskeleton is known as an important part of animal cells that supports various cellular functions while maintains the integrity of cells. Due to their diverse functions, different types of cells may have distinct cytoskeleton structures. Recent development in stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) revealed the hitherto unknown periodic cytoskeleton structureof axons, which consists of co-axile actin rings connected by multiple parallel spectrins (Xu et al. Science 2013). In this experiment, the average spacing between adjacent actin rings, as well as the variance of the spacing, are measured.
Revised: The macroscopic properties, the properties of individual components, and how those components arrange themselves are three important aspects of a complex structure. Knowing two of them will provide us information of the third. Here we perform a theoretical study of a composited system that is slender and can be coarse-grained as a simple smooth 3-dimensional curve. Focusing on biological systems, especially the cytoskeletal networks, we show how the combination of the properties of the network and the individual components puts constraints on the local configurations and dynamics. When the network can be modeled as a single linear chain, similar as single polymer chains, its overall conformation is dominated by the competition between the internal energy and the thermal agitations. The conformational fluctuations of a composited chain reveal not only its elastic properties but also the local arrangements and dynamics of its components. We first show a general form of the internal energy of a coarse-grained composited chain, and discuss briefly how it is related to existing models and may contribute to building new models. Under certain limits this general expression of energy is reduced to the worm-like chain (WLC) model. Using this simplified energy in the strong-stretching limit, we obtain analytical solutions for all the cumulants of the average spacing between adjacent actin rings, as well as the variance of the spacing, are measured.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In this experiment, the average spacing between adjacent actin rings, as well as the variance of the spacing, are measured. In this paper, we model the spectrins in this actin-spectrin network as worm-like chains(WLCs), which are stretched to lengths close to their contour lengths. The result attained shows that the observed variance in the separation between actin rings is consistent with the thermal fluctuation of spectrins predicted by the WLC model .
Revised:  In this experiment, the end-to-end distance projected to the force direction .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The analytical result can be used as an alternative method to infer the contour length and persistence length of polymers by measuring their average extension and longitudinal fluctuations along the stretching (force ) direction. It also provides an additional criterion to check the region of validity of the WLC model .
Revised:  Finally we apply our results to recent experimental observations that revealed the hitherto unknown periodic cytoskeleton structure of axons and measured the longitudinal fluctuations, and show how the comparison between our results and experiments limits possible local configurations and dynamics of the spectrin tetramers in the axonal cytoskeleton .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: The macroscopic properties, the properties of individual components , and how those components arrange themselves are three important aspects of a complex structure. Knowing two of them will provide us information of the third. Here we perform a theoretical study of a composited system that is slender and can be coarse-grained as a simple smooth 3-dimensional curve.
Revised: The macroscopic properties, the properties of individual components , and how those components arrange themselves are three important aspects of a composited structure. An understanding of the interplay between them is essential in the study of complex systems. Using axonal cytoskeleton as an example system, here we perform a theoretical study of a composited system that is slender and can be coarse-grained as a simple smooth 3-dimensional curve.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Focusing on biological systems, especially the cytoskeletal networks, we show how the combination of the properties of the network and the individual components puts constraints on the local configurations and dynamics. When the network can be modeled as a single linear chain, similar as single polymer chains, its overall conformation is dominated by the competition between the internal energy and the thermal agitations. The conformational fluctuations of a composited chain reveal not only its elastic properties but also the local arrangements and dynamics of its components. We first show a general form of the internal energy of a coarse-grained composited chain, and discuss briefly how it is related to existing models and may contribute to building new models. Under certain limits this general expression of energy is reduced to the worm-like chain (WLC) model . Using this simplified energy in the strong-stretching limit, we obtain analytical solutions for all the cumulants of the end-to-end distance projected to the force direction.
Revised:  We first present a generic model for such systems based on the fundamental theorem of curves. We use this generic model to demonstrate the applicability of the well-known worm-like chain (WLC) model . Using this simplified energy in the strong-stretching limit, we obtain analytical solutions for all the cumulants of the end-to-end distance projected to the force direction.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Under certain limits this general expression of energy is reduced to the worm-like chain (WLC) model . Using this simplified energy in the strong-stretching limit, we obtain analytical solutions for all the cumulants of the end-to-end distance projected to the force direction. Finally we apply our results to recent experimental observations that revealed the hitherto unknown periodic cytoskeleton structure of axons and measured the longitudinal fluctuations , and show how the comparison between our results and experiments limits possible local configurations and dynamics of the spectrin tetramers in the axonal cytoskeleton  .
Revised:  Under certain limits this general expression of energy is reduced to the worm-like chain (WLC) model to the network level and investigate the situation when the system is stretched by strong forces (weakly bending limit). We specifically studied recent experimental observations that revealed the hitherto unknown periodic cytoskeleton structure of axons and measured the longitudinal fluctuations , and show how the comparison between our results and experiments limits possible local configurations and dynamics of the spectrin tetramers in the axonal cytoskeleton .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Finally we apply our results to recent experimental observations that revealed the hitherto unknown periodic cytoskeleton structure of axons and measured the longitudinal fluctuations , and show how the comparison between our results and experiments limits possible local configurations and dynamics of the spectrin tetramers in the axonal cytoskeleton  .
Revised:  Finally we apply our results to recent experimental observations that revealed the hitherto unknown periodic cytoskeleton structure of axons and measured the longitudinal fluctuations . Instead of focusing on single molecules, we apply analytical results from the WLC model to both single molecule and network levels and focus on the relations between extensions and fluctuations. We show how this approach introduces constraints to possible local dynamics of the spectrin tetramers in the axonal cytoskeleton .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Finally we apply our results to recent experimental observations that revealed the hitherto unknown periodic cytoskeleton structure of axons and measured the longitudinal fluctuations , and show how the comparison between our results and experiments limits possible local configurations and dynamics of the spectrin tetramers in the axonal cytoskeleton  .
Revised:  Finally we apply our results to recent experimental observations that revealed the hitherto unknown periodic cytoskeleton structure of axons and measured the longitudinal fluctuations , and show how the comparison between our results and experiments limits possible local configurations and dynamics of the spectrin tetramers in the axonal cytoskeleton and finally suggests simple but self-consistent dynamics of spectrins in which the spectrins in one spatial period of axons fluctuate in-sync .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We validate our claim by extensive Brownian dynamics (BD) simulation which also reveals that the prefactor A used to describe the chain extension in the Odjik limit is independent of physical dimension d and is the same as previously found by Burkhardt {\em et al.
Revised:  We validate our claim by extensive Brownian dynamics (BD) simulation which also reveals that the prefactor A used to describe the chain extension in the Odjik limit is independent of physical dimension d and is the same as previously found by Yang {\em et al.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The model considers the psoriasis as a parallel homeostasis of normal and psoriatic keratinocytes originated from a shared stem cell niche environment and predicts two steady-state modes of the psoriasis: a disease mode and a quiescent mode.
Revised:  The model considers the psoriasis as a parallel homeostasis of normal and psoriatic keratinocytes originated from a shared stem-cell niche environment and predicts two steady-state modes of the psoriasis: a disease mode and a quiescent mode.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The prediction of a quiescent state potentially explains the efficacy of the multi-episode UVB irradiation therapy and reoccurrence of psoriasis .
Revised:  The prediction of a quiescent state potentially explains the efficacy of the multi-episode UVB irradiation therapy and recurrence of psoriasis plaques, which can further guide designs of therapeutics that target the immune system and/or the keratinocytes .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The model consists of a population kinetics model of the central transition pathway of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and loss and an agent-based cell migration model that propagates cell movements and generates the stratified epidermis.
Revised:  The model consists of a population kinetics model of the central transition pathway of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and loss and an agent-based model that propagates cell movements and generates the stratified epidermis.
Edit intent: clarity