wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  Cultural, age and gender bias were assessed on item level using differential item functioning (DIF) and on scale level by calculating correlations between IADL and cognitive and functional measures . RESULTS: We did not find meaningful bias on item or on scale level, as indicated by low DIF effect sizes (  R2 range 0-0.03) and correlations in expected directions and of similar magnitude.
Revised:  Cultural, age and gender bias were assessed on item level using differential item functioning (DIF) and on scale level by calculating correlations between IADL and cognitive and functional measures . RESULTS: We did not find meaningful bias on item or on scale level, as indicated by low DIF effect sizes ( \Delta R2 range 0-0.03) and correlations in expected directions and of similar magnitude.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Cultural, age and gender bias were assessed on item level using differential item functioning (DIF) and on scale level by calculating correlations between IADL and cognitive and functional measures . RESULTS: We did not find meaningful bias on item or on scale level, as indicated by low DIF effect sizes (  R2 range 0-0.03) and correlations in expected directions and of similar magnitude. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that IADL may be universally suitable as outcome measure. The A-IADL-Q seems robust to demographic diversity and is capable of reliably measuring IADL impairment .
Revised:  Cultural, age and gender bias were assessed on item level using differential item functioning (DIF) and on scale level by calculating correlations between IADL and cognitive and functional measures . RESULTS: We did not find meaningful bias on item or on scale level, as indicated by low DIF effect sizes ( R2 range 0-0.03) . Impact on total scores was minimal. DISCUSSION: The results imply a limited bias for age, gender, education and culture in the measurement of functional impairment. This study provides an important step in recognizing the potential influence of diversity on primary outcomes in dementia research .
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Original:  The accuracy of our method is both computationally and experimentally verified with several creative design examples and is measured to be at least 95 %DIFDELCMD < \\%%% %DIF < . We believe the presented workflow is essential to the combination of geometry, material mechanism and design, and has various potential applications.abstract 
Revised:  The accuracy of deformation induced by the triggering process is both computationally and experimentally verified with several creative design examples and is measured to be at least 95 %DIFDELCMD < \\%%% %DIF < . We believe the presented workflow is essential to the combination of geometry, material mechanism and design, and has various potential applications.abstract 
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The accuracy of our method is both computationally and experimentally verified with several creative design examples and is measured to be at least 95 %DIFDELCMD < \\%%% %DIF < . We believe the presented workflow is essential to the combination of geometry, material mechanism and design, and has various potential applications.abstract 
Revised:  The accuracy of our method is both computationally and experimentally verified with several creative design examples , and the 95 %DIFDELCMD < \\%%% %DIF < . We believe the presented workflow is essential to the combination of geometry, material mechanism and design, and has various potential applications.abstract 
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The accuracy of our method is both computationally and experimentally verified with several creative design examples and is measured to be at least 95 %DIFDELCMD < \\%%% %DIF < . We believe the presented workflow is essential to the combination of geometry, material mechanism and design, and has various potential applications.abstract 
Revised:  The accuracy of our method is both computationally and experimentally verified with several creative design examples and is measured to be at least 95 %DIFDELCMD < \\%%% %DIF < . We believe the presented workflow is essential to the combination of geometry, material mechanism and design, and has various potential applications.abstract \% confidence interval of the accuracy is (0.972, 0.985). We believe the presented workflow is essential to the combination of geometry, material mechanism and design, and has various potential applications.
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Original:  In many cases the data generating processes used in these Monte Carlo studies do not resemble real data sets and instead reflect many arbitrary decisions made by the researchers. As a result potential users of the methods are rarely persuaded by these simulations that the new methods are as attractive as the simulations make them out to be. We discuss the use of Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks ( WGANs) as a method for systematically generating artificial data that mimic closely any given real data set without the researcher having many degrees of freedom .
Revised:  In many cases the data generating processes used in these Monte Carlo studies . The credibility of such Monte Carlo studies is often limited because of the freedom the researcher has in choosing the design. In recent years a new class of generative models emerged in the machine learning literature, termed Generative Adversarial Networks ( WGANs) as a method for systematically generating artificial data that mimic closely any given real data set without the researcher having many degrees of freedom .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We discuss the use of Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks ( WGANs) as a method for systematically generating artificial data that mimic closely any given real data set without the researcher having many degrees of freedom .
Revised:  We discuss the use of Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks ( GANs) that can be used to systematically generate artificial data that mimic closely any given real data set without the researcher having many degrees of freedom .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We discuss the use of Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks ( WGANs) as a method for systematically generating artificial data that mimic closely any given real data set without the researcher having many degrees of freedom .
Revised:  We discuss the use of Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks ( WGANs) as a method for systematically generating artificial data that closely mimics real economic datasets, while limiting the degrees of freedom .
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Original:  We discuss the use of Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks ( WGANs) as a method for systematically generating artificial data that mimic closely any given real data set without the researcher having many degrees of freedom . We apply the methods to compare in three different settings twelve different estimators for average treatment effects under unconfoundedness .
Revised:  We discuss the use of Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks ( WGANs) as a method for systematically generating artificial data that mimic closely any given real data set without the researcher having many degrees of freedom for the researcher and optionally satisfying privacy guarantees with respect to their training data. In addition if an applied researcher is concerned with the performance of a particular statistical method on a specific data set (beyond its theoretical properties in large samples), she may wish to assess the performance, e.g., the coverage rate of confidence intervals or the bias of the estimator, using simulated data which resembles her setting. Tol illustrate these methods we apply Wasserstein GANs (WGANs) to compare a number of different estimators for average treatment effects under unconfoundedness .
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Original:  We apply the methods to compare in three different settings twelve different estimators for average treatment effects under unconfoundedness . We conclude in this example that (i) there is not one estimator that outperforms the others in all three settings,  and (ii) that systematic simulation studies can be helpful for selecting among competing methods  .
Revised:  We apply the methods to compare in three different settings twelve different estimators for average treatment effects under unconfoundedness in three distinct settings (corresponding to three real data sets) and present a methodology for assessing the robustness of the results. In this example, we find that (i) there is not one estimator that outperforms the others in all three settings, and (ii) that systematic simulation studies can be helpful for selecting among competing methods .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We conclude in this example that (i) there is not one estimator that outperforms the others in all three settings,  and (ii) that systematic simulation studies can be helpful for selecting among competing methods  .
Revised:  We conclude in this example that (i) there is not one estimator that outperforms the others in all three settings, so researchers should tailor their analytic approach to a given setting, and (ii) that systematic simulation studies can be helpful for selecting among competing methods .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We conclude in this example that (i) there is not one estimator that outperforms the others in all three settings,  and (ii) that systematic simulation studies can be helpful for selecting among competing methods  .
Revised:  We conclude in this example that (i) there is not one estimator that outperforms the others in all three settings, and (ii) systematic simulation studies can be helpful for selecting among competing methods .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We conclude in this example that (i) there is not one estimator that outperforms the others in all three settings,  and (ii) that systematic simulation studies can be helpful for selecting among competing methods  .
Revised:  We conclude in this example that (i) there is not one estimator that outperforms the others in all three settings, and (ii) that systematic simulation studies can be helpful for selecting among competing methods in this situation .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  for respiratory causes, circulatory causes, for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, as well as the combined rates for five principal causes of death (circulatory, respiratory, certain infectious and parasitic diseases , neoplasms, diseases of the digestive system)
Revised:  for respiratory causes, circulatory causes, for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, as well as the combined rates for five principal causes of death (circulatory, respiratory, certain infectious and parasitic diseases (available from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat))
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Original:  Results: For the 2010/11 through the 2014/15 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 14192 (95\% CI ( 4413,23970 )) deaths for the above five principal causes, including 3662 (2487,4836 ) deaths for respiratory causes, 9558 (2280,16836) deaths for circulatory causes, and 343 (63,624) deaths for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, with influenza  B making a substantial contribution to the last two categories of deaths . Conclusions:
Revised:  Results: For the 2010/11 through the 2014/15 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 11106 (95\% CI ( 4413,23970 )) deaths for the above five principal causes, including 3662 (2487,4836 ) deaths for respiratory causes, 9558 (2280,16836) deaths for circulatory causes, and 343 (63,624) deaths for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, with influenza B making a substantial contribution to the last two categories of deaths . Conclusions:
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Results: For the 2010/11 through the 2014/15 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 14192 (95\% CI ( 4413,23970 )) deaths for the above five principal causes, including 3662 (2487,4836 ) deaths for respiratory causes, 9558 (2280,16836) deaths for circulatory causes, and 343 (63,624) deaths for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, with influenza  B making a substantial contribution to the last two categories of deaths . Conclusions:
Revised:  Results: For the 2010/11 through the 2014/15 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 14192 (95\% CI ( 4321,17892 )) deaths for the above five principal causes, including 3662 (2487,4836 ) deaths for respiratory causes, 9558 (2280,16836) deaths for circulatory causes, and 343 (63,624) deaths for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, with influenza B making a substantial contribution to the last two categories of deaths . Conclusions:
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Results: For the 2010/11 through the 2014/15 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 14192 (95\% CI ( 4413,23970 )) deaths for the above five principal causes, including 3662 (2487,4836 ) deaths for respiratory causes, 9558 (2280,16836) deaths for circulatory causes, and 343 (63,624) deaths for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, with influenza  B making a substantial contribution to the last two categories of deaths . Conclusions:
Revised:  Results: For the 2010/11 through the 2014/15 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 14192 (95\% CI ( 4413,23970 )) deaths for circulatory causes, 4552 (3744,5360 ) deaths for respiratory causes, 9558 (2280,16836) deaths for circulatory causes, and 343 (63,624) deaths for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, with influenza B making a substantial contribution to the last two categories of deaths . Conclusions:
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Results: For the 2010/11 through the 2014/15 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 14192 (95\% CI ( 4413,23970 )) deaths for the above five principal causes, including 3662 (2487,4836 ) deaths for respiratory causes, 9558 (2280,16836) deaths for circulatory causes, and 343 (63,624) deaths for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, with influenza  B making a substantial contribution to the last two categories of deaths . Conclusions:
Revised:  Results: For the 2010/11 through the 2014/15 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 14192 (95\% CI ( 4413,23970 )) deaths for the above five principal causes, including 3662 (2487,4836 ) deaths for respiratory causes, and 343 (63,624) deaths for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, with influenza B making a substantial contribution to the last two categories of deaths . Conclusions:
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Results: For the 2010/11 through the 2014/15 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 14192 (95\% CI ( 4413,23970 )) deaths for the above five principal causes, including 3662 (2487,4836 ) deaths for respiratory causes, 9558 (2280,16836) deaths for circulatory causes, and 343 (63,624) deaths for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, with influenza  B making a substantial contribution to the last two categories of deaths . Conclusions:
Revised:  Results: For the 2010/11 through the 2014/15 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 14192 (95\% CI ( 4413,23970 )) deaths for the above five principal causes, including 3662 (2487,4836 ) deaths for respiratory causes, 9558 (2280,16836) deaths for circulatory causes, and 343 (63,624) deaths for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, with influenza A/H3N2 being responsible for the majority of influenza-associated respiratory deaths and influenza B making a substantial contribution to the last two categories of deaths . Conclusions:
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Results: For the 2010/11 through the 2014/15 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 14192 (95\% CI ( 4413,23970 )) deaths for the above five principal causes, including 3662 (2487,4836 ) deaths for respiratory causes, 9558 (2280,16836) deaths for circulatory causes, and 343 (63,624) deaths for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, with influenza  B making a substantial contribution to the last two categories of deaths . Conclusions:
Revised:  Results: For the 2010/11 through the 2014/15 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 14192 (95\% CI ( 4413,23970 )) deaths for the above five principal causes, including 3662 (2487,4836 ) deaths for respiratory causes, 9558 (2280,16836) deaths for circulatory causes, and 343 (63,624) deaths for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, with influenza B making a substantial contribution to influenza-associated mortality for circulatory causes . Conclusions:
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Those results support the potential utility of influenza vaccination (with the role played by influenza B  pointing to the benefit of quadrivalent influenza vaccines), as well as of administration of antiviral drugs for high-risk individuals during periods of active influenza circulation.
Revised:  Those results support the potential utility of influenza vaccination (with the role played by influenza B in circulatory mortality pointing to the benefit of quadrivalent influenza vaccines), as well as of administration of antiviral drugs for high-risk individuals during periods of active influenza circulation.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Using generic Hodgkin-Huxley type of models , we investigate here how channel defects in single beta-cells affect the intercellular communication, and whether the collective dynamicsof the population can be thereby influenced.
Revised:  Here we tackle this question using generic Hodgkin-Huxley type of models , we investigate here how channel defects in single beta-cells affect the intercellular communication, and whether the collective dynamicsof the population can be thereby influenced.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Using generic Hodgkin-Huxley type of models , we investigate here how channel defects in single beta-cells affect the intercellular communication, and whether the collective dynamicsof the population can be thereby influenced.
Revised:  Using generic Hodgkin-Huxley type of models that describe physiological bursting dynamics of pancreatic beta-cells affect the intercellular communication, and whether the collective dynamicsof the population can be thereby influenced.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Using generic Hodgkin-Huxley type of models , we investigate here how channel defects in single beta-cells affect the intercellular communication, and whether the collective dynamicsof the population can be thereby influenced. We identify a stark contrast between the dynamical behavior of homogeneous and heterogenous populations of cells. Whereas in the first case, when all of the cells acquired channel defects, a coupling interval can be found for which the pathological dynamics is stabilized and will be exhibited with \approx 100\sim100 \\%DIF < probability, in a heterogenous population, at least N/2+1 cells must have the channel defects in order for the pathological dynamics to be stabilizied.
Revised:  Using generic Hodgkin-Huxley type of models , we investigate here how channel defects in single beta-cells , and introduce channel dis-function to mimic pathological silent dynamics. The probability for pathological behavior in beta-cell populations is\sim100 \\%DIF < probability, in a heterogenous population, at least N/2+1 cells must have the channel defects in order for the pathological dynamics to be stabilizied.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also report on experts evaluation using DRLViz, and applicability of DRLViz to other scenarios and navigation problems beyond simulation games, as well as its contribution to black box models interpret-ability and explain-ability in the field of visual analytics.
Revised:  We also report on experts evaluation using DRLViz, and applicability of DRLViz to other scenarios and navigation problems beyond simulation games, as well as its contribution to black box models interpretability and explainability in the field of visual analytics.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Here, we observe walking for short distances and walking in circles in subjects with unilateral lower-limb amputation using a Jaipur Foot prosthetic leg. We find that the preferred walking speeds are lower for unilateral amputees for short distances , but the distance-dependence of preferred walking speed is less steep than for non-amputees.
Revised:  Here, we observe walking for short distances and walking in circles in subjects with unilateral lower-limb amputees wearing an above or below-knee passive prosthesis, specifically, a Jaipur foot prosthesis. Analogous to earlier results in non-amputees, we found that their preferred walking speeds are lower for unilateral amputees for short distances , but the distance-dependence of preferred walking speed is less steep than for non-amputees.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We find that the preferred walking speeds are lower for unilateral amputees for short distances , but the distance-dependence of preferred walking speed is less steep than for non-amputees. In circle walking, unilateral amputees slow down when walking in circles of smaller radii and above-knee amputees in particular walk faster when the prosthetic leg is outside the circle.
Revised:  We find that the preferred walking speeds are lower for short distances and lower for circles of smaller radii and above-knee amputees in particular walk faster when the prosthetic leg is outside the circle.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In circle walking, unilateral amputees slow down when walking in circles of smaller radii and above-knee amputees in particular walk faster when the prosthetic leg is outside the circle. Using simple mathematical models, we show that the observed preferred walking speeds are predicted by minimal energy costwith increased costs for walking, changing speeds , and turning for amputees compared to non-amputees.
Revised:  In circle walking, unilateral amputees slow down when walking in circles of smaller radii . Using inverse optimization, we estimated the cost of changing speeds and turning such that the observed preferred walking speeds are predicted by minimal energy costwith increased costs for walking, changing speeds , and turning for amputees compared to non-amputees.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Using simple mathematical models, we show that the observed preferred walking speeds are predicted by minimal energy costwith increased costs for walking, changing speeds , and turning for amputees compared to non-amputees.
Revised:  Using simple mathematical models, we show that the observed preferred walking speeds in our experiments minimizes the total energy cost. The inferred costs of changing speeds and turning were much larger than for non-amputees.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: We demonstrate that the oft-reported enhanced diffusion of certain enzymes at substrate concentrations above biological concentrations, meaning above kM(the Michaelis-Menten constant ), can be accounted for by dissociation of these oligomericenzymes into their smaller subunits.
Revised: The concept that catalytic enzymes can act as molecular machines transducing chemical activity into motion has conceptual and experimental support, but much of the claimed support comes from experimental conditions where the substrate concentration is higher than biologically relevant and accordingly exceeds kM, the oft-reported enhanced diffusion of certain enzymes at substrate concentrations above biological concentrations, meaning above kM(the Michaelis-Menten constant ), can be accounted for by dissociation of these oligomericenzymes into their smaller subunits.
Edit intent: meaning-changed