wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original: In an illiquid market as a result of a lack of counterparties and uncertainty about asset values, trading of assets is not being secured by the actual value. In this research, we develop an algorithmic trading strategy to deal with the discrete optimal liquidation problem of large order trading with different market microstructures in an illiquid market.
Revised: In this research, we develop an algorithmic trading strategy to deal with the discrete optimal liquidation problem of large order trading with different market microstructures in an illiquid market.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In this market, order flow can be viewed as a Point process with stochastic arrival intensity. Interaction between price impact and price dynamics can be modeled as a dynamic optimization problem with price impact as a linear function of the self-exciting dynamic process.
Revised:  In this market, order flow can be viewed as a Point process with stochastic intensity. We model the price impact as a linear function of the self-exciting dynamic process.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We formulate the liquidation problem as a discrete-time Markov Decision Processes  where the state process is a Piecewise Deterministic Markov Process (PDMP) , which is a member of right continuous Markov Process family.
Revised:  We formulate the liquidation problem as a discrete-time Markov Decision Processes , where the state process is a Piecewise Deterministic Markov Process (PDMP) , which is a member of right continuous Markov Process family.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We formulate the liquidation problem as a discrete-time Markov Decision Processes  where the state process is a Piecewise Deterministic Markov Process (PDMP) , which is a member of right continuous Markov Process family. We study the dynamics of a limit order book and its influence on the price dynamics and develop a stochastic model to retain the main statistical characteristics of limit order books in illiquid markets .
Revised:  We formulate the liquidation problem as a discrete-time Markov Decision Processes where the state process is a Piecewise Deterministic Markov Process (PDMP) . The numerical results indicate that an optimal trading strategy is dependent on characteristics of the market microstructure. When no orders above certain value come the optimal solution takes offers in the lower levels of the limit order book and its influence on the price dynamics and develop a stochastic model to retain the main statistical characteristics of limit order books in illiquid markets .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The present study, including 135 proteins analyzed with a full atomic empirical potential (CHARMM22) and using the full complement of all atoms Cartesian degrees of freedom, goes far beyond confirming previous claims of universality, finding that universality holds even in the high-frequency range (300- 4000 1/cm), where peaks and turns in the density of states are faithfully reproduced from one protein to the next.
Revised:  The present study, including 135 proteins analyzed with a full atomic empirical potential (CHARMM22) and using the full complement of all atoms Cartesian degrees of freedom, goes far beyond previous claims of universality, finding that universality holds even in the high-frequency range (300- 4000 1/cm), where peaks and turns in the density of states are faithfully reproduced from one protein to the next.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The present study, including 135 proteins analyzed with a full atomic empirical potential (CHARMM22) and using the full complement of all atoms Cartesian degrees of freedom, goes far beyond confirming previous claims of universality, finding that universality holds even in the high-frequency range (300- 4000 1/cm), where peaks and turns in the density of states are faithfully reproduced from one protein to the next.
Revised:  The present study, including 135 proteins analyzed with a full atomic empirical potential (CHARMM22) and using the full complement of all atoms Cartesian degrees of freedom, goes far beyond confirming previous claims of universality, confirming that universality holds even in the high-frequency range (300- 4000 1/cm), where peaks and turns in the density of states are faithfully reproduced from one protein to the next.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: miRNAs serve as crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Recent experimental studies report that an miRNA and its target mRNA reciprocally regulate each other and miRNA is recycled with a ratio upon degradation of mRNA-miRNA complex.
Revised: miRNAs serve as crucial post-transcriptional regulators in various essential cell fate decision. However, the contribution of the mRNA-miRNA complex.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Recent experimental studies report that an miRNA and its target mRNA reciprocally regulate each other and miRNA is recycled with a ratio upon degradation of mRNA-miRNA complex. The functionality of this mutual regulation and dynamic consequences of miRNA recycling are not fully understood.
Revised:  Recent experimental studies report that an miRNA and its target mRNA reciprocally regulate each other and miRNA is recycled with a ratio upon degradation of mRNA-miRNA mutual regulation to bistability is not fully understood.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  First, we found that mRNA-miRNA reciprocal regulation manifests great versatility, such as subsensitive activation, ultrasensitive and subsensitive inhibition, depending on parameters such as the miRNA recycle ratio and the mRNA-miRNA complex degradation rate constant. Second, ultrasensitivity from reciprocal mRNA-miRNA regulation contributes to generation of bistability .
Revised:  First, we found that mRNA-miRNA reciprocal regulation could manifest ultrasensitivity to subserve the generation of bistability .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Second, ultrasensitivity from reciprocal mRNA-miRNA regulation contributes to generation of bistability . Furthermore, the degree of ultrasensitivity is amplified by a stronger competing mRNA (ceRNA).
Revised:  Second, ultrasensitivity from reciprocal mRNA-miRNA regulation contributes to generation of bistability when equipped with a positive feedback loop. Second, the region of bistability is expanded by a stronger competing mRNA (ceRNA).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Last, multiple miRNA binding sites  on a target mRNA leads to emergence of nonmonotonic dual response (duality) and bistability even in the absence of any imposed feedback regulation .
Revised:  Interesting, bistability can be emerged without feedback loop if multiple miRNA binding sites on a target mRNA leads to emergence of nonmonotonic dual response (duality) and bistability even in the absence of any imposed feedback regulation .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Thus, we demonstrated several novel functionalities that can be generated from simple mRNA-miRNA reciprocal regulation , in addition to canonical miRNA mediated degradation and translational repression of mRNA. Quantitative experiments are suggested to test the model predictions .
Revised:  Thus, we demonstrated the importance of simple mRNA-miRNA reciprocal regulation , in addition to canonical miRNA mediated degradation and translational repression of mRNA. Quantitative experiments are suggested to test the model predictions .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: During cell migration, cells become polarized, change their shape, and move in response to various cues, both internal and external .
Revised: During cell migration, cells become polarized, change their shape, and move in response to various cues, both internal and external cues. Cell polarization is defined through the URLanization of molecules such as PI3K or small GTPases, and is determined by intracellular signaling networks. It results in directional forces through actin polymerization and myosin contractions.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Many existing mathematical models of cell polarization are formulated in  one or two spatial dimensions and hence cannot accurately capture the effect of cell shape, as well as the response of the cell to signals from different directions in a three-dimensional environment.
Revised:  Many existing mathematical models of cell polarization are formulated in terms of reaction-diffusion systems of interacting molecules, and are often defined in one or two spatial dimensions and hence cannot accurately capture the effect of cell shape, as well as the response of the cell to signals from different directions in a three-dimensional environment.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Many existing mathematical models of cell polarization are formulated in  one or two spatial dimensions and hence cannot accurately capture the effect of cell shape, as well as the response of the cell to signals from different directions in a three-dimensional environment. To study those effects , we introduce a three-dimensional reaction-diffusion model of a cell.
Revised:  Many existing mathematical models of cell polarization are formulated in one or two spatial dimensions . In this paper , we introduce a three-dimensional reaction-diffusion model of a cell.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  To study those effects , we introduce a three-dimensional reaction-diffusion model of a cell. As some key molecules in cell polarization, such as the small GTPases, can exist both membrane bound and soluble in the cytosol, we first look at the role of cell geometry on the membrane binding/unbinding dynamics of such molecules.
Revised:  To study those effects , we introduce a three-dimensional reaction-diffusion model of interacting molecules in a single cell, and find that cell geometry has an important role affecting the capability of a cell polarization, such as the small GTPases, can exist both membrane bound and soluble in the cytosol, we first look at the role of cell geometry on the membrane binding/unbinding dynamics of such molecules.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  As some key molecules in cell polarization, such as the small GTPases, can exist both membrane bound and soluble in the cytosol, we first look at the role of cell geometry on the membrane binding/unbinding dynamics of such molecules. We derive quite general conditions under which effective existing one or two-dimensional computational models are valid, and find novel renormalizations of parameters in the effective model. We then extend an established one-dimensional cell polarization pathway in our three-dimensional framework. Our simulations indicate that even in some quasi-one-dimensional scenarios, such as polarization of a cell along a linear growth factor gradient, the cell shape can influence the polarization behavior of the cell, with cells of some shape polarizing more efficiently than those of other shapes. We also investigate the role of the previously ignored membrane unbinding rate on polarization. Furthermore, we simulate the response of the cell when the external signal is changing directions, and we find that more symmetric cells can change their polarized state more effectively towards the new stimulus than cells which are elongated along the direction of the original stimulus  .
Revised:  As some key molecules in cell to polarize, or change polarization when an external signal changes direction. Our results suggest a geometrical argument why more roundish cells can repolarize more effectively than cells which are elongated along the direction of the original stimulus .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Furthermore, we simulate the response of the cell when the external signal is changing directions, and we find that more symmetric cells can change their polarized state more effectively towards the new stimulus than cells which are elongated along the direction of the original stimulus  .
Revised:  Furthermore, we simulate the response of the cell when the external signal is changing directions, and we find that more symmetric cells can change their polarized state more effectively towards the new stimulus than cells which are elongated along the direction of the original stimulus , and thus enable roundish cells to turn faster, as has been observed in experiments. On the other hand, elongated cells preferentially polarize along their main axis even when a gradient stimulus appears from another direction. Furthermore, our 3D model can accurately capture the effect of binding and unbinding of important regulators of cell polarization to and from the cell membrane. This spatial separation of membrane and cytosol, not possible to capture in 1D or 2D models, leads to marked differences of our model from comparable lower-dimensional models .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We study MLE in operational risk models for small sample-sizes across a range of loss severity distributions. We apply these results to assess (1) the approximation of parameter confidence intervals by asymptotic normality, and (2) value-at-risk (VaR) stability as a function of sample-size.
Revised:  We study MLE in operational risk models . We then apply these results to assess (1) the approximation of parameter confidence intervals by asymptotic normality, and (2) value-at-risk (VaR) stability as a function of sample-size.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: We provide a general account of the strong predictable representation property in filtrations initially enlarged with a random variable L. We prove that the strong predictable representation property can always be transferred to the enlarged filtration as long as the classical density hypothesis of Jacod (1985) holds.
Revised: We study the strong predictable representation property in filtrations initially enlarged with a random variable L. We prove that the strong predictable representation property can always be transferred to the enlarged filtration as long as the classical density hypothesis of Jacod (1985) holds.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This generalizes the existing martingale representation results and does not rely on the equivalence between the conditional and the unconditional law of L . The results are illustrated in the context of hedging contingent claims under insider information.
Revised:  This generalizes the existing martingale representation results and does not rely on the equivalence between the conditional and the unconditional laws of L. Depending on the behavior of the density process at zero, different forms of martingale representation are established . The results are illustrated in the context of hedging contingent claims under insider information.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: In this work , we use Martingale theory to derive formulas for the expected decision time, error rates , and first passage times associated with a multistage drift diffusion model, or a Wiener diffusion model with piecewise constant time-varying drift rates and decision boundaries.
Revised: Research in psychology and neuroscience has successfully modeled decision making as a process of noisy evidence accumulation to a decision bound. While there are several variants and implementations of this idea, the majority of these models make use of a noisy accumulation between two absorbing boundaries. A common assumption of these models is that decision parameters, e.g., the rate of accumulation (drift rate), remain fixed over the course of a decision, allowing the derivation of analytic formulas for the probabilities of hitting the upper or lower decision threshold, and the mean decision time. There is reason to believe, however, that many types of behavior would be better described by a model in which the parameters were allowed to vary over the course of the decision process. In this paper , we use Martingale theory to derive formulas for the expected decision time, error rates , and first passage times associated with a multistage drift diffusion model, or a Wiener diffusion model with piecewise constant time-varying drift rates and decision boundaries.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: In this work , we use Martingale theory to derive formulas for the expected decision time, error rates , and first passage times associated with a multistage drift diffusion model, or a Wiener diffusion model with piecewise constant time-varying drift rates and decision boundaries.
Revised: In this work , we use martingale theory to derive formulas for the expected decision time, error rates , and first passage times associated with a multistage drift diffusion model, or a Wiener diffusion model with piecewise constant time-varying drift rates and decision boundaries.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: In this work , we use Martingale theory to derive formulas for the expected decision time, error rates , and first passage times associated with a multistage drift diffusion model, or a Wiener diffusion model with piecewise constant time-varying drift rates and decision boundaries.
Revised: In this work , we use Martingale theory to derive formulas for the mean decision time, error rates , and first passage times associated with a multistage drift diffusion model, or a Wiener diffusion model with piecewise constant time-varying drift rates and decision boundaries.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: In this work , we use Martingale theory to derive formulas for the expected decision time, error rates , and first passage times associated with a multistage drift diffusion model, or a Wiener diffusion model with piecewise constant time-varying drift rates and decision boundaries.
Revised: In this work , we use Martingale theory to derive formulas for the expected decision time, hitting probabilities , and first passage times associated with a multistage drift diffusion model, or a Wiener diffusion model with piecewise constant time-varying drift rates and decision boundaries.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: In this work , we use Martingale theory to derive formulas for the expected decision time, error rates , and first passage times associated with a multistage drift diffusion model, or a Wiener diffusion model with piecewise constant time-varying drift rates and decision boundaries.
Revised: In this work , we use Martingale theory to derive formulas for the expected decision time, error rates , and first passage time (FPT) densities of a Wiener process with time-varying drift rates and decision boundaries.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: In this work , we use Martingale theory to derive formulas for the expected decision time, error rates , and first passage times associated with a multistage drift diffusion model, or a Wiener diffusion model with piecewise constant time-varying drift rates and decision boundaries. The model we study is a generalization of that considered in Ratcliff (1980) .
Revised: In this work , we use Martingale theory to derive formulas for the expected decision time, error rates , and first passage times associated with a multistage drift diffusion model, or a Wiener diffusion model with piecewise constant time-varying drift between two time-varying absorbing boundaries. This model was first studied by Ratcliff (1980) .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The model we study is a generalization of that considered in Ratcliff (1980) . The derivation relies on using the optional stopping theorem for properly chosen Martingales, thus obtaining formulae which may be used to compute performance metrics for a particular stage of the stochastic decision process.
Revised:  The model we study is a generalization of that considered in Ratcliff (1980) in the two-stage form, and here we consider the same model for an arbitrary number of stages (i.e. intervals of time during which parameters are constant). Our calculations enable direct computation of mean decision times and hitting probabilities for the associated multistage process.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We also explicitly solve the case of a two stage diffusion model, and provide numerical demonstrations of the computations suggested by our analysis. Finally we present calculations that allow our techniques to approximate time-varying Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes . By presenting these explicit formulae, we aim to foster the development of refined numerical methods and analytical techniques for studying diffusion decision processes with time-varying drift rates and thresholds .
Revised:  We also provide a review of how martingale theory may be used to analyze similar models employing Wiener processes by re-deriving some classical results. In concert with a variety of numerical tools already available, the current derivations should encourage mathematical analysis of more complex models of decision making with time-varying drift rates and thresholds .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Finally we present calculations that allow our techniques to approximate time-varying Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes . By presenting these explicit formulae, we aim to foster the development of refined numerical methods and analytical techniques for studying diffusion decision processes with time-varying drift rates and thresholds .
Revised:  Finally we present calculations that allow our techniques to approximate time-varying Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes . By presenting these explicit formulae, we aim to foster the development of refined numerical methods and analytical techniques for studying diffusion decision processes with time-varying evidence .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Remarkably, our results point out the presence of early structural changes in the WTW topology: from 2003 on , the WTW becomes more and more compatible with the picture of a network where correlations between countries and products are progressively lost.
Revised:  Our analysis shows early structural changes in the WTW topology: from 2003 on , the WTW becomes more and more compatible with the picture of a network where correlations between countries and products are progressively lost.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Remarkably, our results point out the presence of early structural changes in the WTW topology: from 2003 on , the WTW becomes more and more compatible with the picture of a network where correlations between countries and products are progressively lost.
Revised:  Remarkably, our results point out the presence of early structural changes in the WTW topology: since 2003 on , the WTW becomes more and more compatible with the picture of a network where correlations between countries and products are progressively lost.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Remarkably, our results point out the presence of early structural changes in the WTW topology: from 2003 on , the WTW becomes more and more compatible with the picture of a network where correlations between countries and products are progressively lost.
Revised:  Remarkably, our results point out the presence of early structural changes in the WTW topology: from 2003 , the WTW becomes more and more compatible with the picture of a network where correlations between countries and products are progressively lost.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Remarkably, our results point out the presence of early structural changes in the WTW topology: from 2003 on , the WTW becomes more and more compatible with the picture of a network where correlations between countries and products are progressively lost.
Revised:  Remarkably, our results point out the presence of early structural changes in the WTW topology: from 2003 on , the WTW becomes increasingly compatible with the picture of a network where correlations between countries and products are progressively lost.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We have also refined our analysis by considering specific subsets of countries and products: according to our analysis, the most statistically significant early-warning signals are provided by the most volatile macrosectors, especially when measured on emerging economies , suggesting the latter as the most sensitive indicators of the WTW health .
Revised:  We have also refined our analysis by considering specific subsets of countries and products: the most statistically significant early-warning signals are provided by the most volatile macrosectors, especially when measured on emerging economies , suggesting the latter as the most sensitive indicators of the WTW health .
Edit intent: clarity