wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  The chikunda of that period are often described as slaves, and originally some were chattel slaves, although the status of those that were soldiers, traders or administrators of parts of the prazo was that of a client or unfree dependent.
Revised:  The chikunda of that period are often described as slaves, and originally some were chattel slaves, although the status of soldiers, traders or administrators of parts of the prazo was that of a client or unfree dependent.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The chikunda of that period are often described as slaves, and originally some were chattel slaves, although the status of those that were soldiers, traders or administrators of parts of the prazo was that of a client or unfree dependent.
Revised:  The chikunda of that period are often described as slaves, and originally some were chattel slaves, although the status of those that were soldiers, traders or administrators of parts of the prazo as a client or unfree dependent.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In theory, a prazo grant could be cancelled if the lessee (or prazero ) did not occupy and develop the land, or later deserted it, although in practice the prazo grants were renewed and became hereditary.
Revised:  In theory, a prazo grant could be cancelled if the lessee (or prazeiro ) did not occupy and develop the land, or later deserted it, although in practice the prazo grants were renewed and became hereditary.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The prazeros only rarely removed the local chiefs resident on their estates, preferring to retain them as subordinates, and few attempted to start commercial agriculture, but expropriated the surplus products of their peasants and also profited from the trade in ivory and slaves.
Revised:  The prazeiros only rarely removed the local chiefs resident on their estates, preferring to retain them as subordinates, and few attempted to start commercial agriculture, but expropriated the surplus products of their peasants and also profited from the trade in ivory and slaves.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The early chikunda In the 17th and early 18th centuries, the term “chikunda” was not in general use for the armed retainers of a prazero , who could include chattel slaves.
Revised:  The early chikunda In the 17th and early 18th centuries, the term “chikunda” was not in general use for the armed retainers of a prazeiro , who could include chattel slaves.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In a survey of 1766, the two largest prazos were said to have around 700 and 500 chikunda.
Revised:  At their height in the 17th century, individual prazeiros such as António Lobo da Silva could have upwards of 5000 chikunda, some reputedly owning as many as 15000.Isaacman and Peterson (2006), Making the Chikunda p. 99, in Arming Slaves: From Classical Times to the Moderno Age edited by Christopher Leslie Brown and Phillip F. Morgan. Yale University Press, New Haven and London In the mid-eighteenth century, the total chikunda population in Zambezia was estimated at 50000.Isaacman and Peterson (2006), Idem. In a survey of 1766, the two largest prazos were said to have around 700 and 500 chikunda.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  leave their prazo and hunt for ivory in the Shire valley, where they competed with Yao traders in the mid-18th century McCracken (2012), A History of Malawi, p. 18. Decline of the prazos The great Mozambique drought of 1794 to 1802 and subsequent droughts and smallpox epidemics lasting into the 1830s destroyed the agricultural economy of the Zambezia prazos, as the cultivators could not feed themselves, let alone produce surpluses to maintain the chikunda and prazeros .
Revised:  leave their prazo and hunt for ivory in the Shire valley, where they competed with Yao traders in the mid-18th century McCracken (2012), A History of Malawi, p. 18. Decline of the prazos The great Mozambique drought of 1794 to 1802 and subsequent droughts and smallpox epidemics lasting into the 1830s destroyed the agricultural economy of the Zambezia prazos, as the cultivators could not feed themselves, let alone produce surpluses to maintain the chikunda and prazeiros .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Until 1868, the governors of Mozambique and Tete had few troops of their own and preferred to use the chikunda of any prazeros loyal to the Portuguese government or from any minor state opposed to whatever ruler they targeted, rather than using soldiers from metropolitan Portugal or Goa.
Revised:  Until 1868, the governors of Mozambique and Tete had few troops of their own and preferred to use the chikunda of any prazeiros loyal to the Portuguese government or from any minor state opposed to whatever ruler they targeted, rather than using soldiers from metropolitan Portugal or Goa.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Newitt (1995), A History of Mozambique, pp. 337, 399. 
Revised: Newitt (1995), A History of Mozambique, pp. 337, 399. Chikunda states As economical and evironmental degradation coupled with upheaval and migration of peoples took its toll on the prazos, certain ex-chikunda took the initiative of fleeing north and northwest and establish their own states, modelled on the prazos. The most successful of these may have been José Rosário de Andrade, know as Kanyemba ("the ferocious"), who began assembling a private army in the 1870s and settled in the region of Bawa, two hundred kilometers west of Tete, from which he either traded with or raided the sorrounding countryside. In the 1880s, this warlord was said to have 10000 chikunda at arms.Isaacman and Peterson (2006), Making the Chikunda p. 112, in Arming Slaves: From Classical Times to the Moderno Age edited by Christopher Leslie Brown and Phillip F. Morgan. Yale University Press, New Haven and London Andrade died in the late nineteeth century, and by 1903 the Portuguese would defeat his state along with the rest of runaway chikunda forces.Isaacman and Peterson (2006), Making the Chikunda p. 115, in Arming Slaves: From Classical Times to the Moderno Age edited by Christopher Leslie Brown and Phillip F. Morgan. Yale University Press, New Haven and London
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Free Thought and Official Propaganda  is a speech (and subsequent publication) delivered in 1922 by Bertrand Russel on the importance of unrestricted freedom of expression in society, and the problem of the state and political class interfering in this through control of education, fines, economic leverage, and distortion of evidence.
Revised: " Free Thought and Official Propaganda is a speech (and subsequent publication) delivered in 1922 by Bertrand Russel on the importance of unrestricted freedom of expression in society, and the problem of the state and political class interfering in this through control of education, fines, economic leverage, and distortion of evidence.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Free Thought and Official Propaganda  is a speech (and subsequent publication) delivered in 1922 by Bertrand Russel on the importance of unrestricted freedom of expression in society, and the problem of the state and political class interfering in this through control of education, fines, economic leverage, and distortion of evidence.
Revised:  Free Thought and Official Propaganda " is a speech (and subsequent publication) delivered in 1922 by Bertrand Russel on the importance of unrestricted freedom of expression in society, and the problem of the state and political class interfering in this through control of education, fines, economic leverage, and distortion of evidence.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It has been variously identified with the  mediaeval city of Haǧar, in the general region of what is now known as the Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia , and with the Failaka Island, known as ´KR to the Arameans and as Ikaros during the Hellenistic times .Nashef 1986, pp. 340–343, 346, 349;
Revised:  It has been variously identified with the Failaka Island, known as ´KR to the Arameans and as Ikaros during the Hellenistic times and it has also been identified with the mediaeval city of Haǧar, in the general region of what is now known as the Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia , and with the Failaka Island, known as ´KR to the Arameans and as Ikaros during the Hellenistic times .Nashef 1986, pp. 340–343, 346, 349;
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  It has been variously identified with the  mediaeval city of Haǧar, in the general region of what is now known as the Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia , and with the Failaka Island, known as ´KR to the Arameans and as Ikaros during the Hellenistic times .Nashef 1986, pp. 340–343, 346, 349;
Revised:  It has been variously identified with the mediaeval city of Haǧar, in the general region of what is now known as the Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia .Nashef 1986, pp. 340–343, 346, 349;
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Agarum (also transliterated as Agaru or Akarum, cuneiform: a-kà-rum or a-ga-rum) is a bronze-age Near Eastern proper name, probably a toponym for a region or island in the Eastern Arabia or Persian Gulf.
Revised: Agarum (also transliterated as Agaru or Akarum, cuneiform: a-kà-rum or a-ga-rum) is a bronze-age Near Eastern proper name, probably a toponym for a region or island in the Eastern Arabia and Persian Gulf.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It has been variously identified with the Failaka Island, known as ´KR to the Arameans and as Ikaros during the Hellenistic times and it has also been identified with the mediaeval city of Haǧar, in the general region of what is now known as the Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia  .
Revised:  Agarum has been generally identified with Kuwait's Failaka Island, known as ´KR to the Arameans and as Ikaros during the Hellenistic times and it has also been identified with the mediaeval city of Haǧar, in the general region of what is now known as the Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  It has been variously identified with the Failaka Island, known as ´KR to the Arameans and as Ikaros during the Hellenistic times and it has also been identified with the mediaeval city of Haǧar, in the general region of what is now known as the Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia  .
Revised:  It has been variously identified with the Failaka Island, known as ´KR to the Arameans and as Ikaros during the Hellenistic times . Failaka's Ekara temple is a another probable location.Glassner 1988, pp. 240-243. Agarum is sometimes identified with the mediaeval city of Haǧar, in the general region of what is now known as the Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  It has been variously identified with the Failaka Island, known as ´KR to the Arameans and as Ikaros during the Hellenistic times and it has also been identified with the mediaeval city of Haǧar, in the general region of what is now known as the Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia  .
Revised:  It has been variously identified with the Failaka Island, known as ´KR to the Arameans and as Ikaros during the Hellenistic times and it has also been identified with the mediaeval city of Haǧar, in the general region of Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It has been variously identified with the Failaka Island, known as ´KR to the Arameans and as Ikaros during the Hellenistic times and it has also been identified with the mediaeval city of Haǧar, in the general region of what is now known as the Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia  .
Revised:  It has been variously identified with the Failaka Island, known as ´KR to the Arameans and as Ikaros during the Hellenistic times and it has also been identified with the mediaeval city of Haǧar, in the general region of what is now known as the Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain Island in Bahrain .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:    Al-Ahsa    Oasis Equally problematic is the identification of the Hellenistic Hagar and the later Hasaitic Haǧar.
Revised:  Akarum resembles the name of the Ekara temple, which was located at Failaka. Ancient Mesopotamian scribes often morphed foreign words in order to render them satisfyingly into their own writing system. E-kara has a plausible cuneiform etymology; c.f. Sumerian é, "house" or "temple". It is unknown which god Ekara was dedicated to, but circumstantial evidence points to the sun-god Shamash. Kings of the Hellenistic Hagar minted coins in the name of Shamash, who may have been the principal deity of the state. Al-Ahsa Oasis Equally problematic is the identification of the Hellenistic Hagar and the later Hasaitic Haǧar.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:    Al-Ahsa    Oasis Equally problematic is the identification of the Hellenistic Hagar and the later Hasaitic Haǧar.
Revised:  Shamash was associated with palm trees. This may indicate that Ekara, Hagar, and the Al-Ahsa Oasis Equally problematic is the identification of the Hellenistic Hagar and the later Hasaitic Haǧar.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:    Al-Ahsa    Oasis Equally problematic is the identification of the Hellenistic Hagar and the later Hasaitic Haǧar.
Revised:  Al-Ahsa Haǧar are all etymologically related. However, this conjecture becomes unnecessary if the Persian or Arabic etymology of Hagar is accepted. Furthermore, Akarum is only attested in the 2nd millennium BCE, whereas Ekara first appears during the 1st millennium BCE.Glassner 1988, pp. 240-243; Laursen 2017, pp. 432-433. Oasis Equally problematic is the identification of the Hellenistic Hagar and the later Hasaitic Haǧar.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:    Al-Ahsa    Oasis Equally problematic is the identification of the Hellenistic Hagar and the later Hasaitic Haǧar.
Revised:  Al-Ahsa Another suggestion is that the Hellenistic name Ikaros derived from Ekara: the name of E-kara would have sounded to Hellenes indistinguishable from the Aegean island of Ikaria. If so, ´KR was merely the Aramaic transliteration of Ikaros. However, there is no evidence of a temple named Ekara during the Neo-Babylonian times, which may indicate its name had already fallen out of use at that point, centuries before the Alexandrian conquests. More likely is that Akarum, Akar, ´KR, and Ikaros are all variants of the same ancient toponym. Oasis Equally problematic is the identification of the Hellenistic Hagar and the later Hasaitic Haǧar.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In fact, the 10th-century Yemeni historian Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani mentions several cities with such a name . Ekara temple%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Akarum resembles the name of the Ekara temple, which was located at Failaka.
Revised:  In fact, the 10th-century Yemeni historian Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani mentions several cities with such a name Ekara temple%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Akarum resembles the name of the Ekara temple, which was located at Failaka.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In fact, the 10th-century Yemeni historian Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani mentions several cities with such a name . Ekara temple%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Akarum resembles the name of the Ekara temple, which was located at Failaka.
Revised:  In fact, the 10th-century Yemeni historian Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani mentions several cities with such a name . %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Akarum resembles the name of the Ekara temple, which was located at Failaka.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In fact, the 10th-century Yemeni historian Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani mentions several cities with such a name . Ekara temple%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Akarum resembles the name of the Ekara temple, which was located at Failaka. Ancient Mesopotamian scribes often morphed foreign words in order to render them satisfyingly into their own writing system. E-kara has a plausible cuneiform etymology; c.f. Sumerian é, "house" or "temple". It is unknown which god Ekara was dedicated to, but circumstantial evidence points to the sun-god Shamash. Kings of the Hellenistic Hagar minted coins in the name of Shamash, who may have been the principal deity of the state.
Revised:  In fact, the 10th-century Yemeni historian Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani mentions several cities with such a name . Ekara temple%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% 
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Shamash was associated with palm trees. This may indicate that Ekara, Hagar, and the Al-Ahsa Haǧar are all etymologically related. However, this conjecture becomes unnecessary if the Persian or Arabic etymology of Hagar is accepted. Furthermore, Akarum is only attested in the 2nd millennium BCE, whereas Ekara first appears during the 1st millennium BCE.Glassner 1988, pp. 240-243; Laursen 2017, pp. 432-433.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Another suggestion is that the Hellenistic name Ikaros derived from Ekara: the name of E-kara would have sounded to Hellenes indistinguishable from the Aegean island of Ikaria. If so, ´KR was merely the Aramaic transliteration of Ikaros. However, there is no evidence of a temple named Ekara during the Neo-Babylonian times, which may indicate its name had already fallen out of use at that point, centuries before the Alexandrian conquests. More likely is that Akarum, Akar, ´KR, and Ikaros are all variants of the same ancient toponym .
Revised: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% .
Edit intent: coherence
Original: British India Sahib Khan 's son Umar Hayat Khan became a decorated soldier for British and was elected to the Council of the Secretary of State for India.
Revised: British India A number of members of the family achieved recognition for assistance provided during Indian Rebellion of 1857. Fateh Sher Khan rendered service at Hissar and Jhajjar, whilst his cousin Sher Muhammad Khan assisted in the Doaba, Oudh and Bareilly. Each were rewarded with jagirs and the title Khan Bahadur.Sir Roper Lethbridge, The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire, Aakar Books, 1893 A further cousin Sahib Khan was also elevated to Khan Bahadur, granted nearly nine thousand across of land in Kalpi and a jagir worth 1,200 rupees. Sahib Khan 's son Umar Hayat Khan became a decorated soldier for British and was elected to the Council of the Secretary of State for India.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  A canal is also known as a navigation when it parallels a river and shares part of its waters and drainage basin, and leverages its resources by building dams and locks to increase and lengthen its stretches of slack water levels while staying in its valley.
Revised:  A canal can be called a navigation canal when it parallels a river and shares part of its waters and drainage basin, and leverages its resources by building dams and locks to increase and lengthen its stretches of slack water levels while staying in its valley.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 179-187. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.15.2.179 But after many studies, researchers moved to studying boundary extension through a picture recognition memory task which is the more widely used way to study boundary extension currently.
Revised:  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 179-187. But after many studies, researchers moved to studying boundary extension through a picture recognition memory task which is the more widely used way to study boundary extension currently.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 1467-1494. doi:10.1080/17470210903511236Intraub , H., & Dickinson, C. A. (2008).
Revised:  The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 1467-1494. Intraub , H., & Dickinson, C. A. (2008).
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 589-599. doi:10.1037//0096-1523.28.3.589 and photos and objects that have been zoomed in or out varying degrees.
Revised:  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 589-599. and photos and objects that have been zoomed in or out varying degrees.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 1288-1307. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.6.1288 Chapman, P., Ropar, D., Mitchell, P., & Ackroyd, K. (2005).
Revised:  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 1288-1307. Chapman, P., Ropar, D., Mitchell, P., & Ackroyd, K. (2005).
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 186-201. doi:10.037/0278-7393.24.1.186 Safer, M. A., Christianson, S., Autry, M. W., & Österlund, K. (1998).
Revised:  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 186-201. Safer, M. A., Christianson, S., Autry, M. W., & Österlund, K. (1998).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   It involved a series of battles between the Ashanti, also known as Asante, and their allies, the Ga people of Accra, against an alliance of the rival Akan states of the Fanti .
Revised:  The war was started when an Ashanti ally started a war against the Fante Confederacy, and resulted in victory, albeit an inconclusive one, for the Ashanti. The Fante enjoyed significant material and military support from the British throughout the early stages of the war. It involved a series of battles between the Ashanti, also known as Asante, and their allies, the Ga people of Accra, against an alliance of the rival Akan states of the Fanti .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:   It involved a series of battles between the Ashanti, also known as Asante, and their allies, the Ga people of Accra, against an alliance of the rival Akan states of the Fanti .
Revised:  It involved a series of battles between the Ashanti, also known as Asante, and their allies, the Ga people of Accra, against an alliance of the rival Akan states of the Fante .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: The Ga–Fante War in 1811 was a war fought by the Ashanti Confederacy, a powerful Akan kingdom of West Africa that was situated roughly in the territory of the present-day republic of Ghana .
Revised: The Ga–Fante War in 1811 was a war fought by the Fante, the dominant coastal power against the Ga Kingdom and their allies Ashanti Kingdom .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In a series of conflicts, the Ashanti won the initial battles but were unable to hold their gains due to the adoption of asymmetrical tactics by the Fante  .
Revised:  In a series of conflicts, the Ashanti won the initial battles but were unable to hold their gains due to the adoption of asymmetrical tactics by the Fante who inflicted damaging casualties on withdrawing Asante troops .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: In contrast to more common theories that examine human culture in terms of a multiplicity of complex cultural differences, Generative Anthropology attempts to understand cultural phenomena in the simplest terms possible: all things human are traced back to a hypothetical single origin point at which human beings first used signs to communicate.
Revised: In contrast to more common theories that examine human culture in terms of a multiplicity of complex cultural differences, generative anthropology attempts to understand cultural phenomena in the simplest terms possible: all things human are traced back to a hypothetical single origin point at which human beings first used signs to communicate.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Gans founded (and edits) the web-based journal Anthropoetics: The Journal of Generative Anthropology as a scholarly forum for research into human culture and origins based on his theories of Generative Anthropology and the closely related theories of Fundamental Anthropology developed by René Girard.
Revised:  Gans founded (and edits) the web-based journal Anthropoetics: The Journal of Generative Anthropology as a scholarly forum for research into human culture and origins based on his theories of Generative Anthropology and the closely related theories of fundamental anthropology developed by René Girard.
Edit intent: fluency