wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  Also, the square root of the intensity of hard measures is  inversely proportional to the epidemic duration , which works surprisingly well practically; a couple of examples is given .
Revised:  Also, the square root of the intensity of hard measures is inversely proportional to the epidemic duration . At least for Covid-19, Bessel functions appeared surprisingly efficient for modeling the whole period of intensive spread; we discuss the USA, and other places .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Starting with the power law for the  number of infections during the middle stages of epidemics, we propose differential equations describing the process of momentum epidemic management, which is a set of measures of any nature aimed at reducing the epidemic spread via timely response to the dynamic of the number of infections.
Revised: Starting with the power law for the total number of infections during the middle stages of epidemics, we propose differential equations describing the process of momentum epidemic management, which is a set of measures of any nature aimed at reducing the epidemic spread via timely response to the dynamic of the number of infections.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Starting with the power law for the  number of infections during the middle stages of epidemics, we propose differential equations describing the process of momentum epidemic management, which is a set of measures of any nature aimed at reducing the epidemic spread via timely response to the dynamic of the number of infections.
Revised: Starting with the power law for the number of infections during the middle stages of epidemics, we propose differential equations describing the process of momentum epidemic management, which is a set of measures aimed at reducing the epidemic spread via timely response to the dynamic of the number of infections.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  One of the finding is that the aggressive imposing the most significant measures followed by equally aggressive reducing them when the spread diminishes will effectively reduce the number of new infections to zero; we use the theory of Bessel functions. Epidemics may resume after such saturation. Practically: the hesitation before enabling some protection measures must be at least doubled before disabling them. Also, the square root of the intensity of hard measures is qualitatively inversely proportional to the epidemic duration.
Revised:  One of the finding is that the aggressive imposing the most significant measures followed by equally aggressive reducing them when the spread diminishes will effectively reduce the number of infections can be achieved sufficiently quickly, though it can be not the end of the epidemic. The square root of the intensity of hard measures is qualitatively inversely proportional to the epidemic duration.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In the most aggressive mode, the saturation of the number of infections can be achieved sufficiently quickly , though it can be not the end of the epidemic. The square root of the intensity of hard measures is qualitatively inversely proportional to the epidemic duration. We use the theory of Bessel functions.
Revised:  In the most aggressive mode, the saturation of the number of infections can be achieved sufficiently quickly . Our 2-phase formula matches very well the total numbers of infections for Covid-19 in many countries; modeling the first phase is based on Bessel functions.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Starting with the power law for the total number of infections during the middle stages of epidemics , we propose differential equations describing the process of momentum epidemic management , which is a set of measures aimed at reducing the epidemic spread via timely response to the dynamic of the number of infections.
Revised: Starting with the power law for the total number of detected infections , we propose differential equations describing the process of momentum epidemic management , which is a set of measures aimed at reducing the epidemic spread via timely response to the dynamic of the number of infections.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Starting with the power law for the total number of infections during the middle stages of epidemics , we propose differential equations describing the process of momentum epidemic management , which is a set of measures aimed at reducing the epidemic spread via timely response to the dynamic of the number of infections.
Revised: Starting with the power law for the total number of infections during the middle stages of epidemics , we propose differential equations describing the effect of momentum epidemic management , which is a set of measures aimed at reducing the epidemic spread via timely response to the dynamic of the number of infections.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Starting with the power law for the total number of infections during the middle stages of epidemics , we propose differential equations describing the process of momentum epidemic management , which is a set of measures aimed at reducing the epidemic spread via timely response to the dynamic of the number of infections. In the most aggressive mode, the saturation of the number of infections can be achieved sufficiently quickly.
Revised: Starting with the power law for the total number of infections during the middle stages of epidemics , we propose differential equations describing the process of momentum epidemic management .
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Genetically identical cells exhibit large heterogeneity in their physical and functional characteristics even under constant homogenous environmental conditions.This heterogeneity proliferates among population members originating from a single mother due to stochasticity in intracellular biochemical processes and in the distribution of resources during divisions.
Revised: Genetically identical cells exhibit large heterogeneity in their physical and functional characteristics of cells (e.g. size, cycle time, growth rate, protein concentration) proliferates within an isogenic population due to stochasticity in intracellular biochemical processes and in the distribution of resources during divisions.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Testing of symptomatic persons for infection with SARS-CoV-2 is increasingly used in different countries. To collect information to understand the causes of the COVID-19 pandemic, we propose two types of case-control studies that can be carried out jointly in test-settings for symptomatic persons.
Revised: Testing of symptomatic persons for infection with SARS-CoV-2 is occurring worldwide. We propose two types of case-control studies that can be carried out jointly in test-settings for symptomatic persons.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The second, standard case-control studies (CC) with population controls, requires the collection of data on one or more population controls for each person who is tested in the test facilities, so that test-positives and test-negatives can each be compared with population controls.
Revised:  The second, standard case-control studies with population controls, requires the collection of data on one or more population controls for each person who is tested in the test facilities, so that test-positives and test-negatives can each be compared with population controls.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also describe other types of population controlsthat may be most suitable in other situations . Combining the test-negative design with population controls yields a triangulation approach that distinguishes between exposures that are risk factors for both COVID-19 and other respiratory infections, and exposures that are risk factors for just COVID-19  .
Revised:  We also describe other possibilities for population controls . Combining the test-negative design with population controls yields a triangulation approach that distinguishes between exposures that are risk factors for both COVID-19 and other respiratory infections, and exposures that are risk factors for just COVID-19 .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also describe other types of population controlsthat may be most suitable in other situations . Combining the test-negative design with population controls yields a triangulation approach that distinguishes between exposures that are risk factors for both COVID-19 and other respiratory infections, and exposures that are risk factors for just COVID-19  .
Revised:  We also describe other types of population controlsthat may be most suitable in other situations . Combining the TND with population controls yields a triangulation approach that distinguishes between exposures that are risk factors for both COVID-19 and other respiratory infections, and exposures that are risk factors for just COVID-19 .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We also describe other types of population controlsthat may be most suitable in other situations . Combining the test-negative design with population controls yields a triangulation approach that distinguishes between exposures that are risk factors for both COVID-19 and other respiratory infections, and exposures that are risk factors for just COVID-19  .
Revised:  We also describe other types of population controlsthat may be most suitable in other situations . Combining the test-negative design with population controls yields a triangulation approach that distinguishes between exposures that are risk factors for both COVID-19 and other respiratory infections, and exposures that are risk factors for just COVID-19 . This combined design can be applied to future epidemics, but also to study causes of non-epidemic disease .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Two way fixed-effects regression estimates suggest that orders were associated with a 3.8 percentage point (95\% CI 0.7 to 8.6 ) reduction in the growth rate after one week and an 8.6 percentage point ( 3.0 to 14.1 ) reduction after two weeks.
Revised:  Two way fixed-effects regression estimates suggest that orders were associated with a 3.9 percentage point (95\% CI 0.7 to 8.6 ) reduction in the growth rate after one week and an 8.6 percentage point ( 3.0 to 14.1 ) reduction after two weeks.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Two way fixed-effects regression estimates suggest that orders were associated with a 3.8 percentage point (95\% CI 0.7 to 8.6 ) reduction in the growth rate after one week and an 8.6 percentage point ( 3.0 to 14.1 ) reduction after two weeks.
Revised:  Two way fixed-effects regression estimates suggest that orders were associated with a 3.8 percentage point (95\% CI 1.2 to 6.6 ) reduction in the growth rate after one week and an 8.6 percentage point ( 3.0 to 14.1 ) reduction after two weeks.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Two way fixed-effects regression estimates suggest that orders were associated with a 3.8 percentage point (95\% CI 0.7 to 8.6 ) reduction in the growth rate after one week and an 8.6 percentage point ( 3.0 to 14.1 ) reduction after two weeks.
Revised:  Two way fixed-effects regression estimates suggest that orders were associated with a 3.8 percentage point (95\% CI 0.7 to 8.6 ) reduction in the growth rate after one week and an 6.9 percentage point ( 3.0 to 14.1 ) reduction after two weeks.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Two way fixed-effects regression estimates suggest that orders were associated with a 3.8 percentage point (95\% CI 0.7 to 8.6 ) reduction in the growth rate after one week and an 8.6 percentage point ( 3.0 to 14.1 ) reduction after two weeks.
Revised:  Two way fixed-effects regression estimates suggest that orders were associated with a 3.8 percentage point (95\% CI 0.7 to 8.6 ) reduction in the growth rate after one week and an 8.6 percentage point ( 2.4 to 11.5 ) reduction after two weeks.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  By day 22 the reduction ( 18.2 percentage points, 12.3 to 24.0 ) had surpassed the growth at the peak, indicating that growth had turned negative and the number of new daily infections was beginning to decline.
Revised:  By day 27 the reduction ( 18.2 percentage points, 12.3 to 24.0 ) had surpassed the growth at the peak, indicating that growth had turned negative and the number of new daily infections was beginning to decline.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  By day 22 the reduction ( 18.2 percentage points, 12.3 to 24.0 ) had surpassed the growth at the peak, indicating that growth had turned negative and the number of new daily infections was beginning to decline.
Revised:  By day 22 the reduction ( 22.6 percentage points, 12.3 to 24.0 ) had surpassed the growth at the peak, indicating that growth had turned negative and the number of new daily infections was beginning to decline.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  By day 22 the reduction ( 18.2 percentage points, 12.3 to 24.0 ) had surpassed the growth at the peak, indicating that growth had turned negative and the number of new daily infections was beginning to decline.
Revised:  By day 22 the reduction ( 18.2 percentage points, 14.8 to 30.5 ) had surpassed the growth at the peak, indicating that growth had turned negative and the number of new daily infections was beginning to decline.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  A hypothetical national stay-at-home order issued on March 13, 2020 when a national emergency was declared might have reduced cumulative infections by 62.3 \%, and might have helped to reverse exponential growth in the disease by April 5.
Revised:  A hypothetical national stay-at-home order issued on March 13, 2020 when a national emergency was declared might have reduced cumulative infections by 63.3 \%, and might have helped to reverse exponential growth in the disease by April 5.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  A hypothetical national stay-at-home order issued on March 13, 2020 when a national emergency was declared might have reduced cumulative infections by 62.3 \%, and might have helped to reverse exponential growth in the disease by April 5.
Revised:  A hypothetical national stay-at-home order issued on March 13, 2020 when a national emergency was declared might have reduced cumulative infections by 62.3 \%, and might have helped to reverse exponential growth in the disease by April 10.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We analyzed more than 12 million COVID-19 related posts on Weibo, a popular Twitter-like social media platform in China, from November 20 , 2019 to March 3 , 2020.
Revised:  We analyzed approximately 15 million COVID-19 related posts on Weibo, a popular Twitter-like social media platform in China, from November 20 , 2019 to March 3 , 2020.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We analyzed more than 12 million COVID-19 related posts on Weibo, a popular Twitter-like social media platform in China, from November 20 , 2019 to March 3 , 2020.
Revised:  We analyzed more than 12 million COVID-19 related posts on Weibo, a popular Twitter-like social media platform in China, from November 1 , 2019 to March 3 , 2020.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We analyzed more than 12 million COVID-19 related posts on Weibo, a popular Twitter-like social media platform in China, from November 20 , 2019 to March 3 , 2020.
Revised:  We analyzed more than 12 million COVID-19 related posts on Weibo, a popular Twitter-like social media platform in China, from November 20 , 2019 to March 31 , 2020.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  For a subset of geotagged posts ( 2.85 \% of all retrieved posts), we found that the predictive pattern held true for both Hubei province and the rest of mainland China, regardless of unequal distribution of healthcare resources and outbreak timeline.
Revised:  For a subset of geotagged posts ( 3.10 \% of all retrieved posts), we found that the predictive pattern held true for both Hubei province and the rest of mainland China, regardless of unequal distribution of healthcare resources and outbreak timeline.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We use our brokerage tapes to conduct a natural experiment assuming that tapes correspond to randomly assigned, informed and uninformed traders  .
Revised:  We use our brokerage tapes to conduct a natural experiment assuming that tapes correspond to randomly assigned, informed and uninformed traders . Our analysis demonstrated that customers' orders were tightly correlated--in a highly nonlinear sense of the neural networks--with the Chinese market sentiment index, significantly correlated with the stock returns and exhibited no correlation with the bellwether bond of the Bank of China .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Electroencephalograms (EEGs)used in BCIs are weak, easily contaminated by interference and noise , non-stationary for the same subject, and varying across different subjects and sessions .
Revised:  Electroencephalograms (EEGs)used in BCIs are weak, easily contaminated by interference and noise , is sensitive to noise/artifact and suffers between-subject/within-subject non-stationarity .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In the study of systemic risk in the financial system, the multivariate conditional probability distribution can be used for stress-testing by quantifying the propagation of losses from a set of `stressing' variables to another set of `stressed' variables.
Revised:  In the study of systemic risk in a financial system, the multivariate conditional probability distribution can be used for stress-testing by quantifying the propagation of losses from a set of `stressing' variables to another set of `stressed' variables.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Migration of talent is a major driver of innovation . Large-scale bibliometric data have been used to measure international mobility of scholars. Yet , our understanding of internal migration among researchers is quite limited partly due to lack of data aggregated at a suitable sub-national level.
Revised: Migration of talent is a major driver of innovation . Large-scale bibliometric data have been used to measure international migration of scholars , our understanding of internal migration among researchers is quite limited partly due to lack of data aggregated at a suitable sub-national level.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In this study, we present a novel method and re-purpose bibliometric data using a neural network which provides a sub-national level for aggregating affiliation data. We analyze internal mobility based on over 1.3 million authorship records from the Scopus database to trace internal movements of over 150,000 scholars in Mexico and provide measures of internal migration such as net migration rates for all states over the period 1996-2019.
Revised:  In this study, we analyze internal migration in Mexico based on over 1.3 million authorship records from the Scopus database to trace internal movements of over 150,000 scholars in Mexico and provide measures of internal migration such as net migration rates for all states over the period 1996-2019.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We analyze internal mobility based on over 1.3 million authorship records from the Scopus database to trace internal movements of over 150,000 scholars in Mexico and provide measures of internal migration such as net migration rates for all states over the period 1996-2019.
Revised:  We analyze internal mobility based on over 1.1 million authorship records from the Scopus database to trace internal movements of over 150,000 scholars in Mexico and provide measures of internal migration such as net migration rates for all states over the period 1996-2019.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We analyze internal mobility based on over 1.3 million authorship records from the Scopus database to trace internal movements of over 150,000 scholars in Mexico and provide measures of internal migration such as net migration rates for all states over the period 1996-2019.
Revised:  We analyze internal mobility based on over 1.3 million authorship records from the Scopus database . We trace movements of scholars between Mexican states and provide key demographic measures of internal migration such as net migration rates for all states over the period 1996-2019.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We analyze internal mobility based on over 1.3 million authorship records from the Scopus database to trace internal movements of over 150,000 scholars in Mexico and provide measures of internal migration such as net migration rates for all states over the period 1996-2019. Internal mobility is a rare event of a specific subset of active scholars. We document a core-periphery structure in the migration network of scholars' states centered around Mexico City, State of Mexico, Hidalgo, Morelos, and Queretaro which account for a major share of the total inter-state scholarly migration flows .
Revised:  We analyze internal mobility based on over 1.3 million authorship records from the Scopus database to trace internal movements of over 150,000 scholars in Mexico and provide measures of internal migration for the period 1996-2018. From a methodological perspective, we develop a new framework for enhancing data quality, inferring states from affiliations, and detecting moves from modal states for the purposes of studying internal migration between researchers. Substantively, we combine demographic and network science techniques to improve our understanding of internal migration patterns country boundaries. Migration patterns between states in Mexico appear to be heterogeneous in size and direction across regions. However, while many scholars remain in their regions, there seems to be a preference for Mexico City and the surrounding states as a destination .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In sharp contrast to classical literature on noiseless U-statistics, we showed that the Edgeworth expansion of a network moment statistic as a noisy U-statistic can achieve higher-order accuracy without non-lattice or smoothness assumptions but just requiring weak regularity conditions.
Revised:  In sharp contrast to classical literature on noiseless U-statistics, we show that the Edgeworth expansion of a network moment statistic as a noisy U-statistic can achieve higher-order accuracy without non-lattice or smoothness assumptions but just requiring weak regularity conditions.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  However, the state space of Kingman's genealogies grows superexponentially with sample size n, making inference computationally unfeasible already for small n. We introduce a new coalescent model called Tajima heterochronous n-coalescent with a substantially smaller cardinality of the genealogical space. This process allows to analyze samples collected at different times, a situation that in applications is both met (e.g. ancient DNA and RNA from rapidly evolving pathogens like viruses) and statistically desirable (variance reduction and parameter identifiability).
Revised:  However, the state space of Kingman's genealogies grows superexponentially with sample size . Here, we build on recent work based on a lower resolution coalescent process, the Tajima coalescent, to model longitudinal samples. While the Kingman coalescent models the ancestry of labeled individuals, the heterochronous Tajima coalescent models the ancestry of individuals labeled by their sampling time. We propose a new inference scheme for the reconstruction of effective population size trajectories based on this model with the potential to improve computational efficiency. Modeling of longitudinal samples is necessary for applications (e.g. ancient DNA and RNA from rapidly evolving pathogens like viruses) and statistically desirable (variance reduction and parameter identifiability).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We compare our procedure with state-of-the-art methodologies in simulations and applications . We use our method to re-examine the scientific question of how Beringian bison went extinct analyzing modern and ancient molecular sequences of bison in North America, and to reconstruct population size trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 from viral sequences collected in France and Germany .
Revised:  We compare our procedure with state-of-the-art methodologies in simulations and applications .
Edit intent: coherence