wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  In sharp contrast with other methods that balance only some specific moments of covariates, the IPS aims to balanceall functions of covariates. Further, the IPS estimator is data-driven, does not rely on tuning parameters such as bandwidths, admits an asymptotic linear representation, and is \sqrt{n .
Revised:  In sharp contrast with other methods that balance only some specific moments of covariates, the IPS aims to balanceall , are data-driven, does not rely on tuning parameters such as bandwidths, admits an asymptotic linear representation, and is \sqrt{n .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Further, the IPS estimator is data-driven, does not rely on tuning parameters such as bandwidths, admits an asymptotic linear representation, and is \sqrt{n .
Revised:  Further, the IPS estimator is data-driven, does not rely on tuning parameters such as bandwidths, admits an asymptotic linear representation, and can be used to estimate many different treatment effect measures in a unified manner .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We derive the asymptotic properties of inverse probability weighted estimators for the average, distributional and quantile treatment effects based on the IPS , and illustrate their relative performance via Monte Carlo simulations and three empirical applications.
Revised:  We derive the asymptotic properties of inverse probability weighted estimators for the average, distributional and quantile treatment effects based on the IPS and illustrate their relative performance via Monte Carlo simulations and three empirical applications.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: The propensity score plays an important role in causal inference with observational data. However, it is well documented that under slight model misspecifications, propensity score estimates based on maximum likelihood can lead to unreliable treatment effect estimators. To address this practical limitation, this article proposes a new framework for estimating propensity scores that mimics randomize control trials (RCT) in settings where only observational data is available. More specifically, given that in RCTs the joint distritbution of covariates are balanced between treated and not-treated groups, we propose to estimate the propensity score by maxizing the covariate distribution balance  .
Revised: This paper proposes new estimators for the propensity score that aim to maximize the covariate distribution balance .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  More specifically, given that in RCTs the joint distritbution of covariates are balanced between treated and not-treated groups, we propose to estimate the propensity score by maxizing the covariate distribution balance  .
Revised:  More specifically, given that in RCTs the joint distritbution of covariates are balanced between treated and not-treated groups, we propose to estimate the propensity score by maxizing the covariate distribution balance among different treatment groups .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The proposed propensity score estimators, which we call the integrated propensity score (IPS), are data-driven, do not rely on tuning parameters such as bandwidths, admit an asymptotic linear representation, and can be used to estimate many different treatment effect measures in a unified manner .
Revised:  The proposed propensity score estimators, which we call the integrated propensity score (IPS), are data-driven, do not rely on tuning parameters such as bandwidths, admit an asymptotic linear representation, and can be used to estimate different treatment effect measures in a unified manner .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The proposed propensity score estimators, which we call the integrated propensity score (IPS), are data-driven, do not rely on tuning parameters such as bandwidths, admit an asymptotic linear representation, and can be used to estimate many different treatment effect measures in a unified manner .
Revised:  The proposed propensity score estimators, which we call the integrated propensity score (IPS), are data-driven, do not rely on tuning parameters such as bandwidths, admit an asymptotic linear representation, and can be used to estimate many different treatment effect parameters under different identifying assumptions, including unconfoundedness and local treatment effects .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We derive the asymptotic properties of inverse probability weighted estimators for the average, distributional  and quantile treatment effects based on the IPS and illustrate their relative performance via Monte Carlo simulations and three empirical applications.
Revised:  We derive the asymptotic properties of inverse probability weighted estimators for the average, distributional , and quantile treatment effects based on the IPS and illustrate their relative performance via Monte Carlo simulations and three empirical applications.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We derive the asymptotic properties of inverse probability weighted estimators for the average, distributional  and quantile treatment effects based on the IPS and illustrate their relative performance via Monte Carlo simulations and three empirical applications.
Revised:  We derive the asymptotic properties of inverse probability weighted estimators for the average, distributional and quantile treatment effects based on the IPS and illustrate their finite sample performance via Monte Carlo simulations and three empirical applications.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We derive the asymptotic properties of inverse probability weighted estimators for the average, distributional  and quantile treatment effects based on the IPS and illustrate their relative performance via Monte Carlo simulations and three empirical applications. An implementation of the proposed methods is provided in the new packageIPS forR .
Revised:  We derive the asymptotic properties of inverse probability weighted estimators for the average, distributional and quantile treatment effects based on the IPS and illustrate their relative performance via Monte Carlo simulations and IPS forR .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The proposed propensity score estimators, which we call the integrated propensity score (IPS), are data-driven, do not rely on tuning parameters such as bandwidths, admit an asymptotic linear representation, and can be used to estimate different treatment effect parameters under different identifying assumptions, including unconfoundedness and local treatment effects.
Revised:  Heuristically, our proposed procedure attempts to estimate a propensity score model by making the underlying covariate distribution of different treatment groups as close to each other as possible. Our estimators are data-driven, do not rely on tuning parameters such as bandwidths, admit an asymptotic linear representation, and can be used to estimate different treatment effect parameters under different identifying assumptions, including unconfoundedness and local treatment effects.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We derive the asymptotic properties of inverse probability weighted estimators for the average, distributional, and quantile treatment effects based on the IPS and illustrate their finite sample performance via Monte Carlo simulations and two empirical applications.
Revised:  We derive the asymptotic properties of inverse probability weighted estimators for the average, distributional, and quantile treatment effects based on the proposed propensity score estimator and illustrate their finite sample performance via Monte Carlo simulations and two empirical applications.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: The existential theory of the reals (ETR) consists of existentially quantified boolean formulas over equalities and inequalities of real-valued polynomials. We propose the approximate existential theory of the reals (\epsilon-ETR), in which the constraints only need to be satisfied approximately.
Revised: The existential theory of the reals (ETR) consists of existentially quantified boolean formulas over equalities and inequalities of polynomial functions of variables in \mathbb{R the approximate existential theory of the reals (\epsilon-ETR), in which the constraints only need to be satisfied approximately.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We first show that unconstrained \epsilon-ETR = ETR  , and then study the  \epsilon-ETR problem when the solution is constrained to lie in a given  convex set.
Revised:  We first show that when the domain of the variables is \mathbb{R \epsilon-ETR = ETR , and then study the \epsilon-ETR problem when the solution is constrained to lie in a given convex set.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We first show that unconstrained \epsilon-ETR = ETR  , and then study the  \epsilon-ETR problem when the solution is constrained to lie in a given  convex set.
Revised:  We first show that unconstrained \epsilon-ETR = ETR under polynomial time reductions , and then study the \epsilon-ETR problem when the solution is constrained to lie in a given convex set.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We first show that unconstrained \epsilon-ETR = ETR  , and then study the  \epsilon-ETR problem when the solution is constrained to lie in a given  convex set.
Revised:  We first show that unconstrained \epsilon-ETR = ETR , and then study the constrained \epsilon-ETR problem when the solution is constrained to lie in a given convex set.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We first show that unconstrained \epsilon-ETR = ETR  , and then study the  \epsilon-ETR problem when the solution is constrained to lie in a given  convex set.
Revised:  We first show that unconstrained \epsilon-ETR = ETR , and then study the \epsilon-ETR problem when the solution is constrained to lie in a given bounded convex set.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Here, we present a machine-learning approach towards distinguishing between healthy people and people with Parkinson's disease using long-term data collected from smartphone-based tests, including walking, voice, tapping and memory tests.
Revised:  Here, we present a machine-learning approach towards distinguishing between people with and without Parkinson's disease using long-term data collected from smartphone-based tests, including walking, voice, tapping and memory tests.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Here, we present a machine-learning approach towards distinguishing between healthy people and people with Parkinson's disease using long-term data collected from smartphone-based tests, including walking, voice, tapping and memory tests.
Revised:  Here, we present a machine-learning approach towards distinguishing between healthy people and people with Parkinson's disease using long-term data from smartphone-based tests, including walking, voice, tapping and memory tests.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Here, we present a machine-learning approach towards distinguishing between healthy people and people with Parkinson's disease using long-term data collected from smartphone-based tests, including walking, voice, tapping and memory tests.
Revised:  Here, we present a machine-learning approach towards distinguishing between healthy people and people with Parkinson's disease using long-term data collected from smartphone-based walking, voice, tapping and memory tests.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We demonstrate that the presented approach leads to significant performance improvements over existing methods (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.85) in data from a cohort of 1853 participants.
Revised:  We demonstrate that our attentive deep-learning models achieve significant improvements in predictive performance over strong baselines (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.85) in data from a cohort of 1853 participants.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:   An online version of this problem was recently studied with respect to the gap ratio as a measure of uniformity.
Revised:  For example, points on the sphere correspond to unit quaternions as well as to the group of rotations SO(3) and the online version of generating uniform rotations (known as "incremental generation") plays a crucial role in a large number of engineering applications ranging from robotics and aeronautics to computer graphics. An online version of this problem was recently studied with respect to the gap ratio as a measure of uniformity.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The proposed online algorithm of Chen et al. is upper-bounded by 5.99  , which is achieved by considering a circumscribed dodecahedron followed by a recursive decomposition of each face.
Revised:  The first online algorithm of Chen et al. is upper-bounded by 5.99 , which is achieved by considering a circumscribed dodecahedron followed by a recursive decomposition of each face.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The proposed online algorithm of Chen et al. is upper-bounded by 5.99  , which is achieved by considering a circumscribed dodecahedron followed by a recursive decomposition of each face.
Revised:  The proposed online algorithm of Chen et al. was upper-bounded by 5.99 , which is achieved by considering a circumscribed dodecahedron followed by a recursive decomposition of each face.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The proposed online algorithm of Chen et al. is upper-bounded by 5.99  , which is achieved by considering a circumscribed dodecahedron followed by a recursive decomposition of each face.
Revised:  The proposed online algorithm of Chen et al. is upper-bounded by 5.99 and later improved to 3.69 , which is achieved by considering a circumscribed dodecahedron followed by a recursive decomposition of each face.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Moreover, we show that the lower bound for the gap ratio of placing up to three points is approximately 1.618. The uniform distribution of points on a sphere also corresponds to uniform distribution of unit quaternions which represent rotations in 3D space and has numerous applications in many areas .
Revised:  Moreover, we show that the lower bound for the gap ratio of placing up to three points is the golden ratio, approx. 1.618, and for at least four points is no less than 1.726 .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: We theoretically investigate the mechanical stability of three-dimensional (3D ) foam geometry in a cell sheet and apply its understandings to epithelial integrity and cell delamination.
Revised: In cell extrusion, a cell embedded in an epithelial monolayer loses its apical or basal surface and is subsequently squeezed out of the monolayer by neighboring cells. Cell extrusions occur during apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, or pre-cancerous cell invasion. They play important roles in embryogenesis, homeostasis, carcinogenesis, and many other biological processes. Although many of the molecular factors involved in cell extrusion are known, little is known about the mechanical basis of cell extrusion. We used a three-dimensional (3D ) foam geometry in a cell sheet and apply its understandings to epithelial integrity and cell delamination.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: We theoretically investigate the mechanical stability of three-dimensional (3D ) foam geometry in a cell sheet and apply its understandings to epithelial integrity and cell delamination. Analytical calculations revealed that the monolayer integrity of cell sheet is lost to delamination by a spontaneous symmetry breaking, inherently depending on the 3D foam geometry of cells;
Revised: We theoretically investigate the mechanical stability of three-dimensional (3D ) vertex model to investigate the mechanical stability of cells arranged in a monolayer with 3D foam geometry of cells;
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Analytical calculations revealed that the monolayer integrity of cell sheet is lost to delamination by a spontaneous symmetry breaking, inherently depending on the 3D foam geometry of cells; i. e., the instability spontaneously appears when the cell density in the sheet plane increases and/or when the number of neighboring cellsdecreases, as observed in vivo.
Revised:  Analytical calculations revealed that the monolayer integrity of cell sheet is lost to delamination by a spontaneous symmetry breaking, inherently depending on the 3D foam geometry . We found that when the cells composing the monolayer have homogeneous mechanical properties, cells are extruded from the monolayer when the symmetry of the 3D geometry is broken due to an increase in cell density or a decrease in the number of topological neighbors around single cells. Those results suggest that mechanical instability inherent in the 3D foam geometry of epithelial monolayers is sufficient to drive epithelial cell extrusion. In the situation where cells in the monolayer actively generate contractile or adhesive forces under the control of intrinsic genetic programs, the instability spontaneously appears when the cell density in the sheet plane increases and/or when the number of neighboring cellsdecreases, as observed in vivo.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  i. e., the instability spontaneously appears when the cell density in the sheet plane increases and/or when the number of neighboring cellsdecreases, as observed in vivo.
Revised:  i. e., the forces act to break the symmetry of the monolayer, leading to cell extrusion that is directed to the apical or basal side of the monolayer by the balance of contractile and adhesive forces on the sheet plane increases and/or when the number of neighboring cellsdecreases, as observed in vivo.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  i. e., the instability spontaneously appears when the cell density in the sheet plane increases and/or when the number of neighboring cellsdecreases, as observed in vivo. The instability is also facilitated by the delaminated cell-specific force generation upon lateral surfaces, which are driven by cell-intrinsic genetic programs during cell invasion and apoptosis in physiology. In principle, this instability emerges from the force balance on the lateral boundaries among cells. Additionally, taking into account the cell-intrinsic force generation on apical and basal sides , which are also broadly observed in morphogenesis, homeostasis, and carcinogenesis, we found apically/basally directed cell delaminations and pseudostratified structures, which could universally explain mechanical regulations of epithelial geometries in both physiology and pathophysiology{\it   .
Revised:  i. e., the instability spontaneously appears when the cell density in the apical and basal sides , which are also broadly observed in morphogenesis, homeostasis, and carcinogenesis, we found apically/basally directed cell delaminations and pseudostratified structures, which could universally explain mechanical regulations of epithelial geometries in both physiology and pathophysiology{\it .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Additionally, taking into account the cell-intrinsic force generation on apical and basal sides , which are also broadly observed in morphogenesis, homeostasis, and carcinogenesis, we found apically/basally directed cell delaminations and pseudostratified structures, which could universally explain mechanical regulations of epithelial geometries in both physiology and pathophysiology{\it   .
Revised:  Additionally, taking into account the cell-intrinsic force generation on apical and basal sides . Although our analyses are based on a simple mechanical model, our results are in accordance with observations of epithelial monolayers{\it .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Additionally, taking into account the cell-intrinsic force generation on apical and basal sides , which are also broadly observed in morphogenesis, homeostasis, and carcinogenesis, we found apically/basally directed cell delaminations and pseudostratified structures, which could universally explain mechanical regulations of epithelial geometries in both physiology and pathophysiology{\it   .
Revised:  Additionally, taking into account the cell-intrinsic force generation on apical and basal sides , which are also broadly observed in morphogenesis, homeostasis, and carcinogenesis, we found apically/basally directed cell delaminations and pseudostratified structures, which could universally explain mechanical regulations of epithelial geometries in both physiology and pathophysiology{\it in vivo .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Additionally, taking into account the cell-intrinsic force generation on apical and basal sides , which are also broadly observed in morphogenesis, homeostasis, and carcinogenesis, we found apically/basally directed cell delaminations and pseudostratified structures, which could universally explain mechanical regulations of epithelial geometries in both physiology and pathophysiology{\it   .
Revised:  Additionally, taking into account the cell-intrinsic force generation on apical and basal sides , which are also broadly observed in morphogenesis, homeostasis, and carcinogenesis, we found apically/basally directed cell delaminations and pseudostratified structures, which could universally explain mechanical regulations of epithelial geometries in both physiology and pathophysiology{\it and consistently explain cell extrusions under a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Our results illustrate the importance of a mechanical understanding of cell extrusion and provide a basis by which to link molecular regulation to physical processes .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  A common class of such receptors are G-protein coupled receptors, where extracellular binding induces changes in the membrane affinity near the receptor for certain diffusible cytosolic proteins, effectively altering their chemical potential.
Revised:  A common class of such receptors are G-protein coupled receptors, where extracellular binding induces changes on the membrane affinity near the receptor for certain diffusible cytosolic proteins, effectively altering their chemical potential.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A common class of such receptors are G-protein coupled receptors, where extracellular binding induces changes in the membrane affinity near the receptor for certain diffusible cytosolic proteins, effectively altering their chemical potential.
Revised:  A common class of such receptors are G-protein coupled receptors, where extracellular binding induces changes in the membrane affinity near the receptor for certain cytosolic proteins, effectively altering their chemical potential.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The LSM estimator contains  look-ahead bias, and the conventional technique of removing it necessitates an independent set of simulations. This study proposes a new approach for efficiently eliminating look-ahead bias by using the leave-one-out method , a well-known cross-validation technique for machine learning applications.
Revised:  The LSM estimator contains look-ahead bias, and the conventional technique of removing it necessitates doubling simulations. We present the leave-one-out LSM (LOOLSM) algorithm for efficiently eliminating look-ahead bias by using the leave-one-out method , a well-known cross-validation technique for machine learning applications.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  This study proposes a new approach for efficiently eliminating look-ahead bias by using the leave-one-out method , a well-known cross-validation technique for machine learning applications. The leave-one-out LSM (LOOLSM) method is illustrated with examples, including  multi-asset options whose LSM price is biased high.
Revised:  This study proposes a new approach for efficiently eliminating look-ahead bias . We validate the method with several option examples, including multi-asset options whose LSM price is biased high.
Edit intent: clarity