wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  To benchmark  evaluation in IML, in this paper , we rigorously define the problem of evaluating explanations, and systematically review the existing efforts  . Specifically, we summarize three general aspects of explanation (i.e., predictability , fidelity and persuasibility) with formal definitions, and respectively review the representative methodologies for each of them under different tasks.
Revised:  To benchmark evaluation in IML, in this paper , we rigorously define the problem of evaluating explanations, and systematically review the existing efforts . Specifically, we summarize three general aspects of explanation (i.e., generalizability , fidelity and persuasibility) with formal definitions, and respectively review the representative methodologies for each of them under different tasks.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Since differentiation of the latter has implications for nonparametric (point) identification and estimation of the conditional quantile function , our second test is designed to detect misspecification . Using only individuals with propensity score close to one, this  test relies on an `identification at infinity' argument, but accommodates cases of irregular identification.
Revised:  Thus, since the differentiation of the latter has implications for nonparametric (point) identification and estimation of the conditional quantile function , our second test is designed to detect misspecification . Using only individuals with propensity score close to one, this test relies on an `identification at infinity' argument, but accommodates cases of irregular identification.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Since differentiation of the latter has implications for nonparametric (point) identification and estimation of the conditional quantile function , our second test is designed to detect misspecification . Using only individuals with propensity score close to one, this  test relies on an `identification at infinity' argument, but accommodates cases of irregular identification.
Revised:  Since differentiation of the two causes has implications for nonparametric (point) identification and estimation of the conditional quantile function , our second test is designed to detect misspecification . Using only individuals with propensity score close to one, this test relies on an `identification at infinity' argument, but accommodates cases of irregular identification.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Since differentiation of the latter has implications for nonparametric (point) identification and estimation of the conditional quantile function , our second test is designed to detect misspecification . Using only individuals with propensity score close to one, this  test relies on an `identification at infinity' argument, but accommodates cases of irregular identification.
Revised:  Since differentiation of the latter has implications for nonparametric (point) identification and estimation of the conditional quantile function (s), we suggest a second test to identify whether the cause for rejection at the first stage was solely due to selection or not . Using only individuals with propensity score close to one, this test relies on an `identification at infinity' argument, but accommodates cases of irregular identification.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Since differentiation of the latter has implications for nonparametric (point) identification and estimation of the conditional quantile function , our second test is designed to detect misspecification . Using only individuals with propensity score close to one, this  test relies on an `identification at infinity' argument, but accommodates cases of irregular identification.
Revised:  Since differentiation of the latter has implications for nonparametric (point) identification and estimation of the conditional quantile function , our second test is designed to detect misspecification . Using only individuals with propensity score close to one, this second test relies on an `identification at infinity' argument, but accommodates cases of irregular identification.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Thus, since the differentiation of the two causes has implications for nonparametric (point) identification and estimation of the conditional quantile function(s), we suggest a second test to identify whether the cause for rejection at the first stage was solely due to selection or not.
Revised:  Thus, since the differentiation of the two causes has implications for nonparametric (point) identification and estimation of the conditional quantile function(s), we suggest a second test to provide supporting evidence whether the cause for rejection at the first stage was solely due to selection or not.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our testing procedure does not require any parametric assumptions on the selection equation , and all our results hold uniformly across quantile ranks in a compact set. We apply our procedure to test for selection in log hourly wages using UK Family Expenditure Survey data  .
Revised:  Our testing procedure does not require any parametric assumptions on the selection equation nor a continuous exclusion restriction. Data-driven bandwidth procedures are proposed, and Monte Carlo evidence suggests a good finite sample performance in particular of the first test. Finally, we also derive an extension of the first test to nonparametric conditional mean functions, and apply our procedure to test for selection in log hourly wages using UK Family Expenditure Survey data .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We determine the asymptotic behavior of all the moments of this fastest FPT in the limit of many searchers in a general class of two and three dimensional domains. Our results correct and extend recent results on this problem .
Revised:  We determine the asymptotic behavior of all the moments of this fastest FPT in the limit of many searchers in a general class of two- and three-dimensional domains. We establish these results by proving that the fastest searcher takes an almost direct path to the target .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Experimental evidence indicates that proteins are marginally stable. Unlike all previous proposals here we suggest, on a statistical thermodynamics basis, that the upper bound of the marginal stability of proteins also belongs to biomacromolecular complexes and its origin should be sought on fluctuations of the pairwise and many-body interactions on both the macro-molecules and the solvent.
Revised: Here we propose that the upper bound of the marginal stability of proteins also belongs to biomacromolecular complexes and its origin should be sought on fluctuations of the pairwise and many-body interactions on both the macro-molecules and the solvent.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Unlike all previous proposals here we suggest, on a statistical thermodynamics basis, that the upper bound of the marginal stability of proteins also belongs to biomacromolecular complexes and its origin should be sought on fluctuations of the pairwise and many-body interactions on both the macro-molecules and the solvent.
Revised:  Unlike all previous proposals here we suggest, on a statistical thermodynamics basis, that the upper bound marginal stability of proteins also belongs to biomacromolecular complexes and its origin should be sought on fluctuations of the pairwise and many-body interactions on both the macro-molecules and the solvent.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Unlike all previous proposals here we suggest, on a statistical thermodynamics basis, that the upper bound of the marginal stability of proteins also belongs to biomacromolecular complexes and its origin should be sought on fluctuations of the pairwise and many-body interactions on both the macro-molecules and the solvent. In other words, at the global minimum of the free energy all folding dominant forces are almost compensated in a state of quasi-equilibrium where the structures preserve their biological activity. Thus, mutations disrupting this equilibrium beyond the protein marginal stability upper bound ( 7.4 kcal/ mol) will be subject to negative selection and mutations that preserve it will be neutral or nearly neutral , with respect to the marginal stability.
Revised:  Unlike all previous proposals here we suggest, on a statistical thermodynamics basis, that the upper bound of the marginal stability of proteins ( 7.4 kcal/ mol) will be subject to negative selection and mutations that preserve it will be neutral or nearly neutral , with respect to the marginal stability.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Thus, mutations disrupting this equilibrium beyond the protein marginal stability upper bound ( 7.4 kcal/ mol) will be subject to negative selection and mutations that preserve it will be neutral or nearly neutral , with respect to the marginal stability.
Revised:  Thus, mutations disrupting this equilibrium beyond the protein marginal stability upper bound ( 7.4 kcal/ mol) is a universal property that includes macro-molecular complexes and is not affected by molecular changes such as mutations and Post-Translational Modifications. Its existence is, essentially, a consequence of the Anfinsen thermodynamic hypothesis rather than a result of an evolutive process. This result enables us to conjecture that neutral evolution should also be , with respect to the marginal stability.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Thus, mutations disrupting this equilibrium beyond the protein marginal stability upper bound ( 7.4 kcal/ mol) will be subject to negative selection and mutations that preserve it will be neutral or nearly neutral , with respect to the marginal stability. Although, proteins can still evolve under the influence of natural selection .
Revised:  Thus, mutations disrupting this equilibrium beyond the protein marginal stability upper bound ( 7.4 kcal/ mol) will be subject to negative selection and mutations that preserve it will be neutral or nearly neutral , with respect to protein stability, a universal phenomenon .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In this work,  we propose a conceptual framework to diagnose, understand and avoid errors that may occur in studies that are based on digital traces of humans leveraging the systematic approach of the Total Survey Error Framework .
Revised:  In this work, and leveraging the systematic approach of the Total Survey Error Framework, we propose a conceptual framework to diagnose, understand and avoid errors that may occur in studies that are based on digital traces of humans leveraging the systematic approach of the Total Survey Error Framework .
Edit intent: coherence
Original: The interactions and activities of hundreds of millions of people worldwide are recorded as digital traces every single day. When pulled together, these data offer increasingly comprehensive pictures of both individuals and groups interacting on different platforms, but they also allow inferences about broader target populations beyond those platforms , representing an enormous potential for the Social Sciences .
Revised: The interactions and activities of hundreds of millions of people worldwide are recorded as digital traces online, especially on social media and other web-based platforms, offer increasingly informative pictures of the public. They promise to allow inferences about broader target populations beyond those platforms , representing an enormous potential for the Social Sciences .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  When pulled together, these data offer increasingly comprehensive pictures of both individuals and groups interacting on different platforms, but they also allow inferences about broader target populations beyond those platforms , representing an enormous potential for the Social Sciences .
Revised:  When pulled together, these data offer increasingly comprehensive pictures of both individuals and groups interacting on different platforms, but they also allow inferences about populations beyond the users of the platforms on which the traces are recorded, representing real potential for the Social Sciences .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  When pulled together, these data offer increasingly comprehensive pictures of both individuals and groups interacting on different platforms, but they also allow inferences about broader target populations beyond those platforms , representing an enormous potential for the Social Sciences . Notwithstanding the many advantages of digital traces , recent studies have begun to discuss the errors that can occur when digital traces are used to learn about humans and social phenomena.
Revised:  When pulled together, these data offer increasingly comprehensive pictures of both individuals and groups interacting on different platforms, but they also allow inferences about broader target populations beyond those platforms , representing an enormous potential for the Social Sciences and a complement to survey-based research. But the use of digital traces , recent studies have begun to discuss the errors that can occur when digital traces are used to learn about humans and social phenomena.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Incidentally, many similar errors also affect survey estimates, which survey designers have been addressing using error conceptualization frameworks such as the Total Survey Error Framework. In this work, and leveraging the systematic approach of the Total Survey Error Framework, we propose a conceptual framework to diagnose, understand and avoid errors that may occur in studies that are based on digital traces of humans .
Revised:  This article synthesizes this discussion and proposes a systematic way to categorize potential errors, inspired by the Total Survey Error Framework, we propose a conceptual framework to diagnose, understand and avoid errors that may occur in studies that are based on digital traces of humans .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In this work, and leveraging the systematic approach of the Total Survey Error Framework, we propose a conceptual framework to diagnose, understand and avoid errors that may occur in studies that are based on digital traces of humans .
Revised:  In this work, and leveraging the systematic approach of the Total Survey Error (TSE) Framework developed for survey methodology. We introduce a conceptual framework to diagnose, understand and avoid errors that may occur in studies that are based on digital traces of humans .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In this work, and leveraging the systematic approach of the Total Survey Error Framework, we propose a conceptual framework to diagnose, understand and avoid errors that may occur in studies that are based on digital traces of humans .
Revised:  In this work, and leveraging the systematic approach of the Total Survey Error Framework, we propose a conceptual framework to diagnose, understand , and document errors that may occur in studies that are based on digital traces of humans .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In this work, and leveraging the systematic approach of the Total Survey Error Framework, we propose a conceptual framework to diagnose, understand and avoid errors that may occur in studies that are based on digital traces of humans .
Revised:  In this work, and leveraging the systematic approach of the Total Survey Error Framework, we propose a conceptual framework to diagnose, understand and avoid errors that may occur in studies based on such digital traces. While there are clear parallels to the well-known error sources in the TSE framework, the new "Total Error Framework for Digital Traces of Human Behavior on Online Platforms" (TED-On) identifies several types of error that are specific to the use of digital traces. By providing a standard vocabulary to describe these errors, the proposed framework is intended to advance communication and research concerning the use of digital traces in scientific social research .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  A polycube is an object constructed by gluing cubes face-to-face . An edge-unfolding cuts edges on the surface and unfolds it to a net, a non-overlapping polygon in the plane.
Revised:  A polycube is an object constructed by gluing cubes face-to-face ) has an edge unfolding, that is, cuts along edges of the cubes that unfolds the polycube to a single nonoverlapping polygon in the plane.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The Poisson random measure is associated with an n-dimensional L\'evy process. We show that the excess rate of return of a risky asset in a pure-jump model is given by an integral of the product of a term representing the riskiness of the asset and a term representing the level of market risk aversion.
Revised:  We show how the excess rate of return of a risky asset in a pure-jump model is given by an integral of the product of a term representing the riskiness of the asset and a term representing the level of market risk aversion.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We show that the excess rate of return of a risky asset in a pure-jump model is given by an integral of the product of a term representing the riskiness of the asset and a term representing the level of market risk aversion. The integral is over the state space of the Poisson random measure and is taken with respect to the L\'evy measure associated with the n-dimensional L\'evy process. The resulting framework is applied to a variety of different asset classes, allowing one to construct new models as well as non-trivial generalizations of familiar models.
Revised:  We show that the excess rate of return above the interest rate can be calculated for risky assets in such models, thus showing the relationship between risk and return when asset prices have jumps. The framework is applied to a variety of different asset classes, allowing one to construct new models as well as non-trivial generalizations of familiar models.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Recently,  steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) -based brain-computer interface (BCI) has attracted much attention due to its high information transfer rate (ITR) and increasing number of targets.
Revised: Recently, brain-computer interface (BCI) systems developed based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) -based brain-computer interface (BCI) has attracted much attention due to its high information transfer rate (ITR) and increasing number of targets.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Recently,  steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) -based brain-computer interface (BCI) has attracted much attention due to its high information transfer rate (ITR) and increasing number of targets.
Revised: Recently, steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) -based brain-computer interface (BCI) has attracted much attention due to their high information transfer rate (ITR) and increasing number of targets.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Here, we propose a model where a spiking recurrent network  drives a read-out layer . Plastic synapses follow common Hebbian learning rules. The dynamics of the  recurrent network is constrained to encode time while the read-out neurons encode space.
Revised:  Here, we propose a model where a spiking recurrent network drives a read-out layer : the dynamics of the recurrent network is constrained to encode time while the read-out neurons encode space.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  The dynamics of the  recurrent network is constrained to encode time while the read-out neurons encode space. Space is then linked with time through Hebbian learning. Here we demonstrate that the model is able to learn spatiotemporal dynamics on a timescale that is behaviorally relevant . Learned sequences are robustly replayed during a regime of spontaneous activity.
Revised:  The dynamics of the recurrent network is constrained to encode time while the read-out neurons to encode another dimension, such as space or a phase. Different spatiotemporal patterns can be learned and encoded through the synaptic weights to the read-out neurons that follow common Hebbian learning rules. We demonstrate that the model is able to learn spatiotemporal dynamics on a timescale that is behaviorally relevant . Learned sequences are robustly replayed during a regime of spontaneous activity.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Here we demonstrate that the model is able to learn spatiotemporal dynamics on a timescale that is behaviorally relevant . Learned sequences are robustly replayed during a regime of spontaneous activity.
Revised:  Here we demonstrate that the model is able to learn spatiotemporal dynamics on time scales that are behaviourally relevant and we show that the learned sequences are robustly replayed during a regime of spontaneous activity.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We regress alpha and beta over size and other factors for individual stocks in Standard & Poor 500,  for randomly generated portfolios , and for Standard Poor 400 Mid-Cap and 600 Small-Cap.
Revised:  We regress alpha and beta over size and other factors for individual stocks in Standard & Poor 500, and for randomly generated portfolios , and for Standard Poor 400 Mid-Cap and 600 Small-Cap.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We regress alpha and beta over size and other factors for individual stocks in Standard & Poor 500,  for randomly generated portfolios , and for Standard Poor 400 Mid-Cap and 600 Small-Cap.
Revised:  We regress alpha and beta over size and other factors for individual stocks in Standard & Poor 500, for randomly generated portfolios Poor 400 Mid-Cap and 600 Small-Cap.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We regress alpha and beta over size and other factors for individual stocks in Standard & Poor 500,  for randomly generated portfolios , and for Standard Poor 400 Mid-Cap and 600 Small-Cap. The novelty of our research is that we compare exchange-traded funds (ETFs) consisting of large-, mid- and small-cap stocks, including international ETFs.
Revised:  We regress alpha and beta over size and other factors for individual stocks in Standard & Poor 500, for randomly generated portfolios , and for Standard . In addition, we compare exchange-traded funds (ETFs) consisting of large-, mid- and small-cap stocks, including international ETFs.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We regress alpha and beta over sizeand other factors for individual stocks in Standard Poor 500, and for randomly generated portfolios. In addition, we compare exchange-traded funds (ETFs) consisting of large-, mid- and small-cap stocks , including international ETFs. Conclusions: Size and market exposure (beta) are inversely related (strong evidence for ETFs and portfolios, weaker evidence for individual stocks) .
Revised:  We regress alpha and beta over sizeand other factors for individual stocks in Standard A rank-based model of competing Brownian particles, introduced in (Banner, Fernholz, Karatzas, 2005), captures the dependence of stock dynamics on size: Small stocks have higher growth rate but higher volatility than large stocks, on average. However, in this model, geometric returns of stocks have Gaussian tails. We modify this model using Capital Asset Pricing Model: The market exposure depends on the rank, and the benchmark moves as a general L\'evy process. We show that this model fits real market data. We discuss stability and long-term convergence .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: A rank-based model of competing Brownian particles, introduced in (Banner, Fernholz, Karatzas, 2005), captures the dependence of stock dynamics on size: Small stocks have higher growth rate but higher volatility than large stocks, on average. However, in this model, geometric returns of stocks have Gaussian tails. We modify this model using Capital Asset Pricing Model : The market exposure depends on the rank, and the benchmark moves as a general L\'evy process.
Revised: The purpose of this short note is to state the Capital Asset Pricing Model : The market exposure depends on the rank, and the benchmark moves as a general L\'evy process.
Edit intent: coherence