wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  In the present study,  a mathematical model describing the reaction kinetics of the two apoptosis-inducing signaling pathways is developed and used to theoretically investigate their catalase-dependent reactivation. The results show that when only the reaction kinetics is considered, just one of the pathways may be responsible for apoptosis induction.
Revised:  In the present study, a mathematical model describing the reaction kinetics of the two apoptosis-inducing signaling pathways is developed and used to theoretically investigate their catalase-dependent anti-cancer effect of CAP. Our results show that when only the reaction kinetics is considered, just one of the pathways may be responsible for apoptosis induction.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The results show that when only the reaction kinetics is considered, just one of the pathways may be responsible for apoptosis induction. This pathway requires a high catalase concentration (in the order of mM) to be inhibited, which thus can be assumed to be the condition of cancer cells before CAPtreatment, and it can only be reactivated by inactivation of about 99\% of the catalase. This model is a first step into the efforts that should be taken to quantitatively understand the complex mechanisms of the role of CAP and catalase in the apoptosis-inducing signaling pathways, but will need to be further extended before it can capture the entire mechanism. Still, it gives some important insights regarding necessary conditions in order for the proposed mechanism to represent a feasible explanation of selective CAP treatment of cancer cells .
Revised:  The results show that a catalase-dependent reactivation of the two apoptotic pathways of interest is unlikely to contribute to the observed anti-cancer effect of CAP. Thus, we believe that other theories of the underlying cause should be considered and evaluated to gain knowledge about the principles of CAP-induced cancer cell death .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  This 2.6B parameter neural network is  trained to minimize perplexity , an automatic metric that we compare against human judgement of multi-turn conversation quality. To capture this judgement, we propose a human evaluation metric called Sensibleness and Specificity Average (SSA), which captures key elements of good conversation.
Revised:  This 2.6B parameter neural network is trained to minimize perplexity of the next token. We also propose a human evaluation metric called Sensibleness and Specificity Average (SSA), which captures key elements of good conversation.
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Original:  To capture this judgement, we propose a human evaluation metric called Sensibleness and Specificity Average (SSA), which captures key elements of good conversation. Interestingly, our experiments show strong correlation between perplexity and SSA.
Revised:  To capture this judgement, we propose a human evaluation metric called Sensibleness and Specificity Average (SSA), which captures key elements of a human-like multi-turn conversation. Our experiments show strong correlation between perplexity and SSA.
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Original:  Additionally, the full version of Meena (with a filtering mechanism and tuned decoding) scores 79\% SSA, 23\% higher than the next highest scoring chatbot that we evaluated.
Revised:  Additionally, the full version of Meena (with a filtering mechanism and tuned decoding) scores 79\% SSA, 23\% higher in absolute SSA than the existing chatbots we evaluated.
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Original: Causal explanations present an intuitive way to understand the course of events through causal chains, and are widely accepted in cognitive science as the prominent model humans use for explanation. Importantly, causal models can generate opportunity chains , which take the form of `A enables B and B causes C'.
Revised: In this paper we introduce and evaluate a distal explanation model for model-free reinforcement learning agents that can generate explanations for `why' and `why not' questions. Our starting point is the observation that causal models can generate opportunity chains , which take the form of `A enables B and B causes C'.
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Original:  We ground the notion of opportunity chains in human-agent experimental data, where we present participants with explanations from different models and ask them to provide their own explanations for agent behaviour. Results indicate that humans do in-fact use the concept of opportunity chains frequently for describing artificial agent behaviour. Recently, action influence models have been proposed to provide causal explanations for model-free reinforcement learning (RL). While these models can generate counterfactuals---things that did not happen but could have under different conditions---they lack the ability to generate explanations of opportunity chains. We introduce a distal explanation model that can analyse counterfactuals and opportunity chains using decision trees and causal models.
Revised:  We ground the notion of opportunity chains in human-agent experiment, we define a distal explanation model that can analyse counterfactuals and opportunity chains using decision trees and causal models.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We computationally evaluate the model in 6 RL benchmarks using different RL algorithms, and show that our model performs better in task prediction. We report on a study with 90 participants who receive explanations of RL agents behaviour in solving three scenarios: 1) Adversarial;
Revised:  We computationally evaluate the model in 6 RL benchmarks using different reinforcement learning algorithms. From a study with 90 participants who receive explanations of RL agents behaviour in solving three scenarios: 1) Adversarial;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We report on a study with 90 participants who receive explanations of RL agents behaviour in solving three scenarios: 1) Adversarial; 2) Search and rescue; and 3) Human-Agent collaborative scenarios. We investigate the participants' understanding of the agent through task prediction and their subjective satisfaction of the explanations and show that our distal explanation model results in improved outcomes over the three scenarios compared with two baseline explanation models.
Revised:  We report on a study with 90 human participants, we show that our distal explanation model results in improved outcomes over the three scenarios compared with two baseline explanation models.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We investigate the participants' understanding of the agent through task prediction and their subjective satisfaction of the explanations and show that our distal explanation model results in improved outcomes over the three scenarios compared with two baseline explanation models.
Revised:  We investigate the participants' understanding of the agent through task prediction and their subjective satisfaction of the explanations and show that our distal explanation model results in improved outcomes over three scenarios compared with two baseline explanation models.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We introduce a new saddlepoint density and tail area approximation to improve on the accuracy of the extant asymptotics. It features relative error of order O(m^{-1}) for m=n( T - 1 ) with n being the cross-sectional dimension and T the time-series dimension.
Revised:  We introduce a new saddlepoint density and tail area approximation feature relative error of order O(m^{-1}) for m=n( T - 1 ) with n being the cross-sectional dimension and T the time-series dimension.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The main theoretical tool is the tilted-Edgeworth technique . It yields a density approximation that is always non-negative, does not need resampling, and is accurate in the tails.
Revised:  The main theoretical tool is the tilted-Edgeworth technique in a non-identically distributed setting. The density approximation is always non-negative, does not need resampling, and is accurate in the tails.
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Original:  Monte Carlo experiments show that, for the spatial panel data model with fixed effects and T = 2, the saddlepoint approximation yields accuracy improvements over the routinely applied first-order asymptotics and Edgeworth expansions, in small to moderate sample sizes, while preserving analytical tractability.
Revised:  Monte Carlo experiments illustrating its good performance over first-order asymptotics and Edgeworth expansions, in small to moderate sample sizes, while preserving analytical tractability.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Monte Carlo experiments show that, for the spatial panel data model with fixed effects and T = 2, the saddlepoint approximation yields accuracy improvements over the routinely applied first-order asymptotics and Edgeworth expansions, in small to moderate sample sizes, while preserving analytical tractability.
Revised:  Monte Carlo experiments show that, for the spatial panel data model with fixed effects and T = 2, the saddlepoint approximation yields accuracy improvements over the routinely applied first-order asymptotics and Edgeworth expansions, while preserving analytical tractability.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our saddlepoint density and tail area approximation feature relative error of order O( m^{-1 n(T-1)  with n being the cross-sectional dimension and T the time-series dimension.
Revised:  Our saddlepoint density and tail area approximation feature relative error of order O( 1/( n(T-1) with n being the cross-sectional dimension and T the time-series dimension.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Our saddlepoint density and tail area approximation feature relative error of order O( m^{-1 n(T-1)  with n being the cross-sectional dimension and T the time-series dimension.
Revised:  Our saddlepoint density and tail area approximation feature relative error of order O( m^{-1 n(T-1) )) with n being the cross-sectional dimension and T the time-series dimension.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We provide an algorithm and Monte Carlo experiments illustrating its good performance over first-order asymptotics and Edgeworth expansions , while preserving analytical tractability .
Revised:  We provide an algorithm and Monte Carlo experiments on density approximation and testing in the presence of nuisance parameters illustrate the good performance of our approximation over first-order asymptotics and Edgeworth expansions , while preserving analytical tractability .
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Original:  An empirical application on the investment-saving relationship in OECD  countries shows disagreement between testing results based on first-order asymptotics and saddlepoint techniques.
Revised:  An empirical application on the investment-saving relationship in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries shows disagreement between testing results based on first-order asymptotics and saddlepoint techniques.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Here, I extract a macroscopic non-identity law from physics. Using this tool, I show visual awareness possesses a recurrent projection pathway from brain to observed object, and that the postponed out-of-body projection, whether superimposed onto or separated from its original, is a conscious visual outcome.
Revised:  Here, I extract a macroscopic non-identity law , was extracted from physics and applied into the analysis of the visual dynamics related to naturalistic observation of night-shot still life. I show that visual awareness possesses a recurrent projection pathway from brain to observed object, and that the postponed out-of-body projection, whether superimposed onto or separated from its original, is a conscious visual outcome.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Using this tool, I show visual awareness possesses a recurrent projection pathway from brain to observed object, and that the postponed out-of-body projection, whether superimposed onto or separated from its original, is a conscious visual outcome.
Revised:  Using this tool, I show visual awareness possesses a postponed recurrent out-of-body projection, whether superimposed onto or separated from its original, is a conscious visual outcome.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Using this tool, I show visual awareness possesses a recurrent projection pathway from brain to observed object, and that the postponed out-of-body projection, whether superimposed onto or separated from its original, is a conscious visual outcome. These findings suggest that visual creatures possesses a gift of not only subjectively imaging in response to the messenger of original but also projecting the image back onto the original.
Revised:  Using this tool, I show visual awareness possesses a recurrent projection pathway from brain to observed object, and that the postponed out-of-body projection, suggesting that visual system possesses an instinct of not only subjectively imaging in response to the messenger of original but also projecting the image back onto the original.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  These findings suggest that visual creatures possesses a gift of not only subjectively imaging in response to the messenger of original but also projecting the image back onto the original. The recurrent projection provides a foundation for understanding the subjectivity and intentionality of consciousness and the relationships between original, conscious outcome and expression, and paves the way for scientific research involving consciousness .
Revised:  These findings suggest that visual creatures possesses a gift of not only subjectively imaging in response to the messenger of original but also projecting the image back onto its original or to a specific place according to the cue of the afferent messenger-light pathway of the original. It likewise provides a foundation for understanding the subjectivity and intentionality of consciousness and the relationships between original, conscious outcome and expression, and paves the way for scientific research involving consciousness .
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Original:  The recurrent projection provides a foundation for understanding the subjectivity and intentionality of consciousness and the relationships between original, conscious outcome and expression, and paves the way for scientific research involving consciousness .
Revised:  The recurrent projection provides a foundation for understanding the subjectivity and intentionality of consciousness as well as the isomorphic relations between original, conscious outcome and expression, and paves the way for scientific research involving consciousness .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The recurrent projection provides a foundation for understanding the subjectivity and intentionality of consciousness and the relationships between original, conscious outcome and expression, and paves the way for scientific research involving consciousness .
Revised:  The recurrent projection provides a foundation for understanding the subjectivity and intentionality of consciousness and the relationships between original, conscious outcome and expression, and paves the way for scientific research on consciousness and facilitates the integration of humanities and natural science .
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Original: Consciousness is an explicit outcome of brain activity ; however, it is reputed to be inapprehensible in physical terms. Here, a new logic tool, the non-identity law, was extracted from physics and applied into the analysis of the visual dynamics related to  naturalistic observation of  night-shot still life.
Revised: Consciousness is an explicit outcome of brain activity . However, the link between consciousness and the material world remains to be explored. We applied a new logic tool, the non-identity law, was extracted from physics and applied into the analysis of the visual dynamics related to naturalistic observation of night-shot still life.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  I show that visual awareness possesses a postponed  recurrent out-of-body projection , suggesting that visual system possesses an instinct of not only subjectively imaging but also projecting the image back onto its original or to a specific place according to the cue of the afferent messenger-light pathwayof the original.
Revised:  We show that visual awareness possesses a postponed recurrent out-of-body projection , suggesting that visual system possesses an instinct of not only subjectively imaging but also projecting the image back onto its original or to a specific place according to the cue of the afferent messenger-light pathwayof the original.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  I show that visual awareness possesses a postponed  recurrent out-of-body projection , suggesting that visual system possesses an instinct of not only subjectively imaging but also projecting the image back onto its original or to a specific place according to the cue of the afferent messenger-light pathwayof the original.
Revised:  I show that visual awareness possesses a postponed , recurrent out-of-body projection , suggesting that visual system possesses an instinct of not only subjectively imaging but also projecting the image back onto its original or to a specific place according to the cue of the afferent messenger-light pathwayof the original.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  I show that visual awareness possesses a postponed  recurrent out-of-body projection , suggesting that visual system possesses an instinct of not only subjectively imaging but also projecting the image back onto its original or to a specific place according to the cue of the afferent messenger-light pathwayof the original.
Revised:  I show that visual awareness possesses a postponed recurrent out-of-body projection pathway and that the out-of-body projection is superimposed onto the original, which is reciprocally verified by vision and touch. This suggests that the visual system instinctually not only represents the subjective image (brain-generated imagery) but also projects the image back onto its original or to a specific place according to the cue of the afferent messenger-light pathwayof the original.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  I show that visual awareness possesses a postponed  recurrent out-of-body projection , suggesting that visual system possesses an instinct of not only subjectively imaging but also projecting the image back onto its original or to a specific place according to the cue of the afferent messenger-light pathwayof the original.
Revised:  I show that visual awareness possesses a postponed recurrent out-of-body projection , suggesting that visual system possesses an instinct of not only subjectively imaging but also projecting the image back onto the original or to a specific place according to the cue of the afferent messenger-light pathwayof the original.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  I show that visual awareness possesses a postponed  recurrent out-of-body projection , suggesting that visual system possesses an instinct of not only subjectively imaging but also projecting the image back onto its original or to a specific place according to the cue of the afferent messenger-light pathwayof the original. It likewise provides a foundation for understanding the subjectivity and intentionality of consciousness as well as the isomorphic relations between original, experience, and  expression.
Revised:  I show that visual awareness possesses a postponed recurrent out-of-body projection , suggesting that visual system possesses an instinct of not only subjectively imaging but also projecting the image back onto its original or to a specific place according to the cues of the manipulated afferent messenger light signaling pathway. This finding provides a foundation for understanding the subjectivity and intentionality of consciousness as well as the isomorphic relations between original, experience, and expression.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The probability of being invited increases with the size of the host department and if the scholar belongs to it. Having a coauthor in the host department increases the probability of being invited and accepting the invitation, whereas the distance between the host department and invited scholar reduces the probability of being invited and accepting the invitation.
Revised:  The probability of being invited increases with the size of the host department . Young and low-quality scholars have a higher probability of accepting an invitation. The distance between the host department and invited scholar reduces the probability of being invited and accepting the invitation.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In this study, we conduct 13 semi-structured interviews and survey 508 individuals from a variety of backgrounds to discover and categorize how home IoT devices have affected interpersonal relationships .
Revised:  In this study, we conduct 13 semi-structured interviews and survey 508 individuals from a variety of backgrounds to discover and categorize how consumer IoT devices are affecting interpersonal relationships in the United States .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  This paper describes our design and implementation for accelerating the Dyninst binary analysis infrastructure with multithreading. Our goal is to parallelize a commonly used set of binary analysis capabilities, making it easier to parallelize different binary analysis applications. New parallel binary analysis capabilities include constructing control flow graphs , analyzing loop nesting, parsing debugging information, and performing data flow analysis such as register liveness analysis and program slicing.
Revised:  This paper describes our design and implementation for accelerating the task of constructing control flow graphs , analyzing loop nesting, parsing debugging information, and performing data flow analysis such as register liveness analysis and program slicing.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  New parallel binary analysis capabilities include constructing control flow graphs , analyzing loop nesting, parsing debugging information, and performing data flow analysis such as register liveness analysis and program slicing. We cover 146K lines of source codein Dyninst and its software dependencies .
Revised:  New parallel binary analysis capabilities include constructing control flow graphs (CFGs) from binaries with multithreading. Existing research focuses on addressing challenging code constructs encountered during constructing CFGs, including functions sharing code, jump table analysis, non-returning functions, and tail calls. However, existing analyses do not consider the complex interactions between concurrent analysis of shared code, making it difficult to extend existing serial algorithms to be parallel .
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Original:  A systematic methodology to guide the parallelization is essential: we used data race detection tools to identify unsafe parallelism and employed performance profiling tools to pinpoint performance bottlenecks that merit attention. This methodology guided us to design a new parallel analysis for constructing control flow graphs and identify thread-safety issues widely spread in the codebase .
Revised:  A systematic methodology to guide the design of parallel algorithms is essential. We abstract the task of constructing CFGs as repeated applications of several core CFG operations regarding to creating functions, basic blocks, and edges. We then derive properties among CFG operations, including operation dependency, commutativity, monotonicity. These operation properties guide our design of a new parallel analysis for constructing control flow graphs and identify thread-safety issues widely spread in the codebase .
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Original:  Binary analysis applications are significantly accelerated with the new parallel Dyninst : we achieve 8X for a performance analysis tool and 7X for a software forensic tool with 16 hardware threads.
Revised:  Binary analysis applications are significantly accelerated with the new parallel Dyninst : we achieve 8\times for a performance analysis tool and 7X for a software forensic tool with 16 hardware threads.
Edit intent: meaning-changed