Original:  Poe was awarded $ 225.06 as well as an additional $101.42 in court costs. That year English published a novel called 1844, or, The Power of the S.F. Its plot made references to secret societies, and ultimately was about revenge. It included a character named Marmaduke Hammerhead, the famous author of The Black Crow, who uses phrases like "Nevermore" and "lost Lenore." The clear parody of Poe was portrayed as a drunkard, liar, and domestic abuser. Poe's story "The Cask of Amontillado" was written as a response, using very specific references to English's novel. Years later, in 1870, when English edited the magazine The Old Guard, founded by the Poe-defender Charles Chauncey Burr, he found occasion to publish both an anti-Poe article (June 1870) and an article defending Poe's greatest detractor Rufus Wilmot Griswold (October 1870). Edgar Allan Poe and Rufus Wilmot Griswold The writer Rufus Wilmot Griswold first met Poe in Philadelphia in May 1841 while working for the Daily Standard. In a letter dated 29 March 1841, Poe sent Griswold several poems for The Poets and Poetry of America anthology, writing that he would be proud to see "one or two of them in the book". Griswold included three of these poems: "Coliseum", "The Haunted Palace", and "The Sleeper". In November of that year, Poe, who had previously praised Griswold in his "Autography" series as "a gentleman of fine taste and sound judgment", wrote a critical review of the anthology, on Griswold's behalf. Griswold paid Poe for the review and used his influence to have it published in a Boston periodical. The review was generally favourable, although Poe questioned the inclusion of certain authors and the omission of others. Griswold had expected more praise and Poe privately told others he was not particularly impressed by the book, even calling it "a most outrageous humbug" in a letter to a friend. In another letter, this time to fellow writer Frederick W. Thomas, Poe suggested that Griswold's promise to help get the review published was actually a bribe for a favourable review, knowing Poe needed the money. Making the relationship even more strained, only months later, Griswold was hired by George Rex Graham to take up Poe's former position as editor of Graham's Magazine. Griswold, however, was paid more and given more editorial control of the magazine than Poe. Shortly after, Poe began presenting a series of lectures called "The Poets and Poetry of America". Poe openly attacked Griswold in front of his large audience and continued to do so in similar lectures. Another source of animosity between the two men was their competition for the attention of the poet Frances Sargent Osgood in the mid to late 1840s. After Poe's death, Griswold prepared an obituary signed with the pseudonym "Ludwig". First printed in the 9 October 1849, issue of the New York Tribune, it was soon republished many times. Griswold asserted that "few will be grieved" by Poe's death as he had few friends. He claimed that Poe often wandered the streets, either in "madness or melancholy", mumbling and cursing to himself, was easily irritated, was envious of others, and that he "regarded society as composed of villains". Poe's drive to succeed, Griswold wrote, was because he sought "the right to despise a world which galled his self-conceit". Much of this characterization of Poe was copied almost verbatim from that of the fictitious Francis Vivian in The Caxtons by Edward Bulwer-Lytton. Griswold claimed that "among the last requests of Mr. Poe" was that he become his literary executor "for the benefit of his family". Griswold, along with James Russell Lowell and Nathaniel Parker Willis, edited a posthumous collection of Poe's works published in three volumes starting in January 1850. He did not share the profits of his edition with Poe's surviving relatives. This edition included a biographical sketch titled "Memoir of the Author" which has become notorious for its inaccuracy. The "Memoir" depicts Poe as a madman, addicted to drugs and chronically drunk. Many elements were fabricated by Griswold using forged letters as evidence and it was denounced by those who knew Poe, including Sarah Helen Whitman, Charles Frederick Briggs, and George Rex Graham. Some of the information that Griswold asserted or implied was that Poe was expelled from the University of Virginia and that Poe had tried to seduce his guardian John Allan's second wife. Griswold's characterization of Poe and the false information he originated appeared consistently in Poe biographies for the next two decades. Virginia Woolf and Arnold Bennett upright=0.6|Virginia Woolf Arnold Bennett wrote an article called "Is the Novel Decaying?" in 1923 in which, as an example, he criticized Virginia Woolf's characterizations in Jacob's Room. Woolf responded with "Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown" in the Nation and Athenaeum. In her piece, Woolf misquoted Bennett's article and displayed ill temper. She then significantly rewrote "Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown" "to ridicule, patronize, and actually distort Bennett's writing without raising her voice." Though he didn't respond immediately, Bennett later began an anti-Woolf campaign in a weekly column in the Evening Standard, giving negative reviews of three of Woolf's novels. His reviews continued the attack on Woolf's characterizations, saying "Mrs. Woolf (in my opinion) told us ten thousand things about Mrs. Dalloway, but did not show us Mrs. Dalloway." His essay "The Progress of the Novel" for the journal The Realist was a refutation of "Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown". Of Woolf, he says ""I regard her alleged form as the absence of form, and her psychology as an uncoordinated mass of interesting details, none of which is truly original." Although the two writers met socially and acted with civility, each recorded the meetings harshly in their respective journals. On Bennett's death, Woolf wrote in her diary, ""Queer how one regrets the dispersal of anybody who seemed—as I say—genuine; who had direct contact with life—for he abused me; and I yet rather wished him to go on abusing me; and me abusing him." Vladimir Nabokov and Edmund Wilson The feud between Vladimir Nabokov and Edmund Wilson began in 1965. After a twenty-five year friendship which was at times strained due to Nabokov's disdain for Wilson's political views and then later by Wilson's criticism of Lolita, the two writers ultimately fell out over the translation of Alexander Pushkin's Eugene Onegin. In 1964, Nabokov published his translation of the Russian classic, which he felt conformed scrupulously to the sense of the poem while completely eschewing melody and rhyme. Wilson's review of Nabokov's translation in the New York Review of Books was cutting and disparaging. In his book The Feud, Alex Beam describes Wilson's review as "an overlong, spiteful, stochastically accurate, generally useless but unfailingly amusing hatchet job". Rejoinders and rebuttals spread from New York Review to Encounter and the New Statesman. Other writers, such as Anthony Burgess, Robert Lowell, V. S. Pritchett, Robert Graves, and Paul Fussell joined in the dispute. Years later, hearing that Wilson was ill, Nabokov wrote to him, saying that he no longer held a "grudge for your incomprehensible incomprehension of Pushkin's and Nabokov's Onegin." Norman Mailer and Gore Vidal In 1971, Gore Vidal compared Norman Mailer to Charles Manson in Vidal's review of The Prisoner of Sex. When the two writers were guests on the same episode of The Dick Cavett Show, Mailer punched Vidal in the hospitality room, then brought up the review again on the live show. Six years later at a party, Mailer threw a drink in Vidal's face and followed it with a punch. Vidal is said to have responded, "Norman, once again words have failed you." Gore Vidal and Truman Capote Gore Vidal and Truman Capote were competitive acquaintances who were, initially, cordial. Their first open argument began at a party hosted by Tennessee Williams. Williams said, "They began to criticize each other's work. Gore told Truman he got all of his plots out of Carson McCullers and Eudora Welty. Truman said 'Well, maybe you get all of yours from the Daily News.' And so the fight was on." In 1975 Vidal sued Capote for slander over the accusation that he had been thrown out of the White House for being drunk, putting his arm around the first lady and then insulting Mrs. Kennedy's mother. Capote's defense was damaged when Lee Radziwill refused to testify on Capote's behalf. Despite her prior deposition, Radziwill said, "I do not recall ever discussing with Truman Capote the incident or the evening which I understand is the subject of this lawsuit." Ultimately, Capote offered a pro forma apology and the suit was settled out of court. Vidal responded to news of Capote's death by calling it "a wise career move". John Updike, Tom Wolfe, Norman Mailer, and John Irving Because of the success of Tom Wolfe's best selling novel, Bonfire of the Vanities, there was widespread interest in his next book. This novel took him more than 11 years to complete; A Man in Full was published in 1998. The book's reception was not universally favorable, though it received glowing reviews in Time, Newsweek, The Wall Street Journal, and elsewhere. Noted author John Updike wrote a critical review for The New Yorker, complaining that the novel "amounts to entertainment, not literature, even literature in a modest aspirant form." His comments sparked an intense war of words in the print and broadcast media among Wolfe and Updike, and authors John Irving and Norman Mailer who also entered the fray, with Irving saying in a television interview, "He's not a writer...You couldn't teach that bleeping bleep to bleeping freshmen in a bleeping freshman English class!." In 2001, Wolfe published an essay referring to these three authors as "My Three Stooges" which he reprinted in his collection Hooking Up. In it, he implies that Updike, Mailer, and Irving were jealous of his success because their own recent books had not been bestsellers. Sinclair Lewis and Theodore Dreiser In 1927, Theodore Dreiser and Sinclair Lewis's soon-to-be wife Dorothy Thompson spent some time together while they were both visiting Russia. The next year, Thompson published The New Russia. Several months later, Dreiser published Dreiser Looks at Russia. Thompson and Lewis accused Dreiser of plagiarizing portions of Thompson's work, which Dreiser denied and claimed instead that Thompson had used material of his. In June 1930, Lewis and Dreiser were in contention for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Lewis won, the first American to be awarded the prize. Several months after the ceremony, the writers encountered each other at the Metropolitan Club at a dinner honoring Boris Pilnyak. After much drinking, Lewis rose to give the welcome speech, but instead declared he "did not care to speak in the presence of a man who has stolen three thousand words from my wife's book." After dinner, Dreiser approached Lewis and asked him to take back his statement. When Lewis repeated it, Dreiser recalls, "I smacked him. And I asked him if he wanted to say it again. He said it again. So I smacked him again." When another guest intervened, Dreiser left, saying "I'll meet you any time, anywhere. This thing isn't settled." The fight made headlines around the world, even being referred to as "the slap heard round the world". C. P. Snow and F. R. Leavis British scientist and novelist C. P. Snow delivered The Two Cultures, the first part of an influential 1959 Rede Lecture, on 7 May 1959 . Snow's lecture condemned the British educational system as having, since the Victorian era, over-rewarded the humanities (especially Latin and Greek) at the expense of scientific and engineering education, despite such achievements having been so decisive in winning the Second World War for the Allies. The literary critic F. R. Leavis was incensed by Snow's implication that, in the alliance between the sciences and the humanities, literary intellectuals were the "junior partner". Leavis called Snow a "public relations man" for the scientific establishment in his essay Two Cultures?: The Significance of C. P. Snow, published in The Spectator in 1962 and wrote "as a novelist he doesn't exist...utterly without a glimmer of what creative literature is or why it matters." The article attracted a great deal of negative correspondence in the magazine's letters pages and some of Snow's friends suggested that he sue Leavis for defamation. Although Snow chose not to engage with Leavis, others defended Snow. In the United States, a reviewer for The New Republic declared Leavis was acting out of "pure hysteria" and was displaying "persecution mania". Lillian Hellman and Mary McCarthy Mary McCarthy's feud with Lillian Hellman had simmered since the late 1930s over ideological differences, particularly the questions of the Moscow Trials and of Hellman's support for the "Popular Front" with Stalin. Then, in a 1979 television interview, McCarthy, long Hellman's political adversary and the object of her negative literary judgment, said of Hellman that "every word she writes is a lie, including 'and' and 'the'." Hellman responded by filing a US$ 2,500,000 defamation suit against McCarthy, interviewer Dick Cavett, and PBS.
Revised:  Poe was awarded $ 225.06 as well as an additional $101.42 in court costs. That year English published a novel called 1844, or, The Power of the S.F. Its plot made references to secret societies, and ultimately was about revenge. It included a character named Marmaduke Hammerhead, the famous author of The Black Crow, who uses phrases like "Nevermore" and "lost Lenore." The clear parody of Poe was portrayed as a drunkard, liar, and domestic abuser. Poe's story "The Cask of Amontillado" was written as a response, using very specific references to English's novel. Years later, in 1870, when English edited the magazine The Old Guard, founded by the Poe-defender Charles Chauncey Burr, he found occasion to publish both an anti-Poe article (June 1870) and an article defending Poe's greatest detractor Rufus Wilmot Griswold (October 1870). Edgar Allan Poe and Rufus Wilmot Griswold The writer Rufus Wilmot Griswold first met Poe in Philadelphia in May 1841 while working for the Daily Standard. In a letter dated 29 March 1841, Poe sent Griswold several poems for The Poets and Poetry of America anthology, writing that he would be proud to see "one or two of them in the book". Griswold included three of these poems: "Coliseum", "The Haunted Palace", and "The Sleeper". In November of that year, Poe, who had previously praised Griswold in his "Autography" series as "a gentleman of fine taste and sound judgment", wrote a critical review of the anthology, on Griswold's behalf. Griswold paid Poe for the review and used his influence to have it published in a Boston periodical. The review was generally favorable, although Poe questioned the inclusion of certain authors and the omission of others. Griswold had expected more praise and Poe privately told others he was not particularly impressed by the book, even calling it "a most outrageous humbug" in a letter to a friend. In another letter, this time to fellow writer Frederick W. Thomas, Poe suggested that Griswold's promise to help get the review published was actually a bribe for a favorable review, knowing Poe needed the money. Making the relationship even more strained, only months later, Griswold was hired by George Rex Graham to take up Poe's former position as editor of Graham's Magazine. Griswold, however, was paid more and given more editorial control of the magazine than Poe. Shortly after, Poe began presenting a series of lectures called "The Poets and Poetry of America". Poe openly attacked Griswold in front of his large audience and continued to do so in similar lectures. Another source of animosity between the two men was their competition for the attention of the poet Frances Sargent Osgood in the mid to late 1840s. After Poe's death, Griswold prepared an obituary signed with the pseudonym "Ludwig". First printed in the 9 October 1849, issue of the New York Tribune, it was soon republished many times. Griswold asserted that "few will be grieved" by Poe's death as he had few friends. He claimed that Poe often wandered the streets, either in "madness or melancholy", mumbling and cursing to himself, was easily irritated, was envious of others, and that he "regarded society as composed of villains". Poe's drive to succeed, Griswold wrote, was because he sought "the right to despise a world which galled his self-conceit". Much of this characterization of Poe was copied almost verbatim from that of the fictitious Francis Vivian in The Caxtons by Edward Bulwer-Lytton. Griswold claimed that "among the last requests of Mr. Poe" was that he become his literary executor "for the benefit of his family". Griswold, along with James Russell Lowell and Nathaniel Parker Willis, edited a posthumous collection of Poe's works published in three volumes starting in January 1850. He did not share the profits of his edition with Poe's surviving relatives. This edition included a biographical sketch titled "Memoir of the Author" which has become notorious for its inaccuracy. The "Memoir" depicts Poe as a madman, addicted to drugs and chronically drunk. Many elements were fabricated by Griswold using forged letters as evidence and it was denounced by those who knew Poe, including Sarah Helen Whitman, Charles Frederick Briggs, and George Rex Graham. Some of the information that Griswold asserted or implied was that Poe was expelled from the University of Virginia and that Poe had tried to seduce his guardian John Allan's second wife. Griswold's characterization of Poe and the false information he originated appeared consistently in Poe biographies for the next two decades. Virginia Woolf and Arnold Bennett upright=0.6|Virginia Woolf Arnold Bennett wrote an article called "Is the Novel Decaying?" in 1923 in which, as an example, he criticized Virginia Woolf's characterizations in Jacob's Room. Woolf responded with "Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown" in the Nation and Athenaeum. In her piece, Woolf misquoted Bennett's article and displayed ill temper. She then significantly rewrote "Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown" "to ridicule, patronize, and actually distort Bennett's writing without raising her voice." Though he didn't respond immediately, Bennett later began an anti-Woolf campaign in a weekly column in the Evening Standard, giving negative reviews of three of Woolf's novels. His reviews continued the attack on Woolf's characterizations, saying "Mrs. Woolf (in my opinion) told us ten thousand things about Mrs. Dalloway, but did not show us Mrs. Dalloway." His essay "The Progress of the Novel" for the journal The Realist was a refutation of "Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown". Of Woolf, he says ""I regard her alleged form as the absence of form, and her psychology as an uncoordinated mass of interesting details, none of which is truly original." Although the two writers met socially and acted with civility, each recorded the meetings harshly in their respective journals. On Bennett's death, Woolf wrote in her diary, ""Queer how one regrets the dispersal of anybody who seemed—as I say—genuine; who had direct contact with life—for he abused me; and I yet rather wished him to go on abusing me; and me abusing him." Vladimir Nabokov and Edmund Wilson The feud between Vladimir Nabokov and Edmund Wilson began in 1965. After a twenty-five year friendship which was at times strained due to Nabokov's disdain for Wilson's political views and then later by Wilson's criticism of Lolita, the two writers ultimately fell out over the translation of Alexander Pushkin's Eugene Onegin. In 1964, Nabokov published his translation of the Russian classic, which he felt conformed scrupulously to the sense of the poem while completely eschewing melody and rhyme. Wilson's review of Nabokov's translation in the New York Review of Books was cutting and disparaging. In his book The Feud, Alex Beam describes Wilson's review as "an overlong, spiteful, stochastically accurate, generally useless but unfailingly amusing hatchet job". Rejoinders and rebuttals spread from New York Review to Encounter and the New Statesman. Other writers, such as Anthony Burgess, Robert Lowell, V. S. Pritchett, Robert Graves, and Paul Fussell joined in the dispute. Years later, hearing that Wilson was ill, Nabokov wrote to him, saying that he no longer held a "grudge for your incomprehensible incomprehension of Pushkin's and Nabokov's Onegin." Norman Mailer and Gore Vidal In 1971, Gore Vidal compared Norman Mailer to Charles Manson in Vidal's review of The Prisoner of Sex. When the two writers were guests on the same episode of The Dick Cavett Show, Mailer punched Vidal in the hospitality room, then brought up the review again on the live show. Six years later at a party, Mailer threw a drink in Vidal's face and followed it with a punch. Vidal is said to have responded, "Norman, once again words have failed you." Gore Vidal and Truman Capote Gore Vidal and Truman Capote were competitive acquaintances who were, initially, cordial. Their first open argument began at a party hosted by Tennessee Williams. Williams said, "They began to criticize each other's work. Gore told Truman he got all of his plots out of Carson McCullers and Eudora Welty. Truman said 'Well, maybe you get all of yours from the Daily News.' And so the fight was on." In 1975 Vidal sued Capote for slander over the accusation that he had been thrown out of the White House for being drunk, putting his arm around the first lady and then insulting Mrs. Kennedy's mother. Capote's defense was damaged when Lee Radziwill refused to testify on Capote's behalf. Despite her prior deposition, Radziwill said, "I do not recall ever discussing with Truman Capote the incident or the evening which I understand is the subject of this lawsuit." Ultimately, Capote offered a pro forma apology and the suit was settled out of court. Vidal responded to news of Capote's death by calling it "a wise career move". John Updike, Tom Wolfe, Norman Mailer, and John Irving Because of the success of Tom Wolfe's best selling novel, Bonfire of the Vanities, there was widespread interest in his next book. This novel took him more than 11 years to complete; A Man in Full was published in 1998. The book's reception was not universally favorable, though it received glowing reviews in Time, Newsweek, The Wall Street Journal, and elsewhere. Noted author John Updike wrote a critical review for The New Yorker, complaining that the novel "amounts to entertainment, not literature, even literature in a modest aspirant form." His comments sparked an intense war of words in the print and broadcast media among Wolfe and Updike, and authors John Irving and Norman Mailer who also entered the fray, with Irving saying in a television interview, "He's not a writer...You couldn't teach that bleeping bleep to bleeping freshmen in a bleeping freshman English class!." In 2001, Wolfe published an essay referring to these three authors as "My Three Stooges" which he reprinted in his collection Hooking Up. In it, he implies that Updike, Mailer, and Irving were jealous of his success because their own recent books had not been bestsellers. Sinclair Lewis and Theodore Dreiser In 1927, Theodore Dreiser and Sinclair Lewis's soon-to-be wife Dorothy Thompson spent some time together while they were both visitng Russia. The next year, Thompson published The New Russia. Several months later, Dreiser published Dreiser Looks at Russia. Thompson and Lewis accused Dreiser of plagiarizing portions of Thompson's work, which Dreiser denied and claimed instead that Thompson had used material of his. In June 1930, Lewis and Dreiser were in contention for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Lewis won, the first American to be awarded the prize. Several months after the ceremony, the writers encountered each other at the Metropolitan Club at a dinner honoring Boris Pilnyak. After much drinking, Lewis rose to give the welcome speech, but instead declared he "did not care to speak in the presence of a man who has stolen three thousand words from my wife's book." After dinner, Dreiser approached Lewis and asked him to take back his statement. When Lewis repeated it, Dreiser recalls, "I smacked him. And I asked him if he wanted to say it again. He said it again. So I smacked him again." When another guest intervened, Dreiser left, saying "I'll meet you any time, anywhere. This thing isn't settled." The fight made headlines around the world, even being referred to as "the slap heard round the world". C. P. Snow and F. R. Leavis British scientist and novelist C. P. Snow delivered The Two Cultures, the first part of an influential 1959 Rede Lecture, on 7 May 1959 . Snow's lecture condemned the British educational system as having, since the Victorian era, over-rewarded the humanities (especially Latin and Greek) at the expense of scientific and engineering education, despite such achievements having been so decisive in winning the Second World War for the Allies. The literary critic F. R. Leavis was incensed by Snow's implication that, in the alliance between the sciences and the humanities, literary intellectuals were the "junior partner". Leavis called Snow a "public relations man" for the scientific establishment in his essay Two Cultures?: The Significance of C. P. Snow, published in The Spectator in 1962 and wrote "as a novelist he doesn't exist...utterly without a glimmer of what creative literature is or why it matters." The article attracted a great deal of negative correspondence in the magazine's letters pages and some of Snow's friends suggested that he sue Leavis for defamation. Although Snow chose not to engage with Leavis, others defended Snow. In the United States, a reviewer for The New Republic declared Leavis was acting out of "pure hysteria" and was displaying "persecution mania". Lillian Hellman and Mary McCarthy Mary McCarthy's feud with Lillian Hellman had simmered since the late 1930s over ideological differences, particularly the questions of the Moscow Trials and of Hellman's support for the "Popular Front" with Stalin. Then, in a 1979 television interview, McCarthy, long Hellman's political adversary and the object of her negative literary judgment, said of Hellman that "every word she writes is a lie, including 'and' and 'the'." Hellman responded by filing a US$ 2,500,000 defamation suit against McCarthy, interviewer Dick Cavett, and PBS.
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