wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  We then apply the method to data from experiments with highly migratory human-derived natural killer (NK) cells and nearly stationary K562 tumor cells as targets that are dispersed in a 3-dimensional collagen matrix. Although NK cells find and attack K562 cells with high efficiency, we show that the attacks are consistent with a target-blind random walk.
Revised:  We then apply the method to data from experiments with highly migratory human-derived natural killer (NK) cells and nearly stationary K562 tumor cells to the system, we find a repulsive interaction between K562 cells with high efficiency, we show that the attacks are consistent with a target-blind random walk.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Although NK cells find and attack K562 cells with high efficiency, we show that the attacks are consistent with a target-blind random walk. NK cells achieve their high attack efficiency by combining high migration speeds with high degrees of directional persistence .
Revised:  Although NK cells find and attack K562 and NK cells for one of the donors. By contrast, we find attractive interactions between NK cells and an IL-15-secreting variant of K562 tumor cells .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:   We provide a freely available Python implementation of the p-value method that may serve as a general tool for extracting the interaction rules in collective systems of self-driven agents.
Revised:  We therefore speculate that NK cells find wild-type tumor cells only by chance, but are programmed to leave a target quickly after a close encounter. We provide a freely available Python implementation of the p-value method that may serve as a general tool for extracting the interaction rules in collective systems of self-driven agents.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a challenging situation where governing authorities are faced with the complex decision of what the appropriate measures are given the existing information , and how much containment can be justified given the uncertainties involved with the future development of the spread of infection.
Revised: A pandemic creates a challenging situation where governing authorities are faced with the complex decision of what the appropriate measures are given the existing information , and how much containment can be justified given the uncertainties involved with the future development of the spread of infection.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a challenging situation where governing authorities are faced with the complex decision of what the appropriate measures are given the existing information , and how much containment can be justified given the uncertainties involved with the future development of the spread of infection. A typical course of action usually involves waiting until a critical condition is reached and then using this to justify implementing severely restrictive measures.
Revised: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a challenging situation where governing authorities are faced with the complex decision of what the appropriate measures are given the existing information .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between the relatively mild measures that are typically deemed more acceptable by the public and more popular by the politicians, and the maximally restrictive lock-down strategies , which some countries have had to implement to avert catastrophic spread of infection .
Revised:  we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between the relatively mild social distancing measures and the maximally restrictive lock-down strategies , which some countries have had to implement to avert catastrophic spread of infection .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between the relatively mild measures that are typically deemed more acceptable by the public and more popular by the politicians, and the maximally restrictive lock-down strategies , which some countries have had to implement to avert catastrophic spread of infection .
Revised:  we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between the relatively mild measures that are typically deemed more acceptable by the public and more popular by the politicians, and the maximally restrictive lock-down strategies .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Our proposed strategy involves dividing cities and regions in countries and implementing containment at the level of such sub-populations . Since our analysis is based on small numbers (with the relevant data taken from the reported infection cases in Germany on 17 March 2020), it also means that it is doubly beneficial to impose drastic isolation measures for relatively small communities (villages, cities, parts of large cities)
Revised:  Our proposed strategy involves partitioning the population into smaller isolated sub-populations . Since our analysis is based on small numbers (with the relevant data taken from the reported infection cases in Germany on 17 March 2020), it also means that it is doubly beneficial to impose drastic isolation measures for relatively small communities (villages, cities, parts of large cities)
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Our proposed strategy involves dividing cities and regions in countries and implementing containment at the level of such sub-populations . Since our analysis is based on small numbers (with the relevant data taken from the reported infection cases in Germany on 17 March 2020), it also means that it is doubly beneficial to impose drastic isolation measures for relatively small communities (villages, cities, parts of large cities) early on even if it seems disproportionate at the time , to forego the likely need for future drastic measures .
Revised:  Our proposed strategy involves dividing cities and regions in countries and implementing containment at the level of such sub-populations within which, while social distancing is practised as much as possible to reduce the contact rate, a relatively normal lifestyle is maintained. As a rule of thumb, the optimal size of the sub-populations can be obtained by dividing the total population size by the best estimate of the number of infected individuals at the time , to forego the likely need for future drastic measures .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Building on the key observation that the stochastic evolution of a process such as the spread of infection has a finite extinction probability even when it is expected to grow exponentially on average , we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between the relatively mild social distancing measures and the maximally restrictive lock-down strategies.
Revised:  Building on the observation that the stochastic evolution of a process such as the spread of infection has a finite extinction probability even when it is expected to grow exponentially on average , we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between the relatively mild social distancing measures and the maximally restrictive lock-down strategies.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Building on the key observation that the stochastic evolution of a process such as the spread of infection has a finite extinction probability even when it is expected to grow exponentially on average , we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between the relatively mild social distancing measures and the maximally restrictive lock-down strategies.
Revised:  Building on the key observation that the spread of an infection is subject to stochastic fluctuations when infection numbers are small , we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between the relatively mild social distancing measures and the maximally restrictive lock-down strategies.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Building on the key observation that the stochastic evolution of a process such as the spread of infection has a finite extinction probability even when it is expected to grow exponentially on average , we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between the relatively mild social distancing measures and the maximally restrictive lock-down strategies.
Revised:  Building on the key observation that the stochastic evolution of a process such as the spread of infection has a finite extinction probability even when it is expected to grow exponentially on average , we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between relatively mild social distancing measures and the maximally restrictive lock-down strategies.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Building on the key observation that the stochastic evolution of a process such as the spread of infection has a finite extinction probability even when it is expected to grow exponentially on average , we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between the relatively mild social distancing measures and the maximally restrictive lock-down strategies. Our proposed strategy involves partitioning the population into smaller isolated sub-populations within which, while social distancing is practised as much as possible to reduce the contact rate, a relatively normal lifestyle is maintained.
Revised:  Building on the key observation that the stochastic evolution of a process such as the spread of infection has a finite extinction probability even when it is expected to grow exponentially on average , we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between the relatively mild social distancing measures and maximally restrictive lockdown strategies. The key innovation of our proposed strategy is its ability to recruit stochastic effects such as spontaneous extinction and fluctuations in timing to contain the epidemic, even when infection numbers in the population as a whole are not small and their spatial distribution is unknown. It involves partitioning the population into smaller isolated sub-populations within which, while social distancing is practised as much as possible to reduce the contact rate, a relatively normal lifestyle is maintained.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Building on the observation that the spread of an infection is subject to stochastic fluctuations when infection numbers are small, we propose a strategy of containment that falls in between relatively mild social distancing measures and maximally restrictive lockdown strategies. The key innovation of our proposed strategy is its ability to recruit stochastic effects such as spontaneous extinction and fluctuations in timing to contain the epidemic , even when infection numbers in the population as a whole are not small and their spatial distribution is unknown.
Revised: Using a stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) meta-population model of disease transmission, we present analytical calculations and numerical simulations dissecting the interplay between stochasticity and the division of a population into mutually independent sub-populations. We show that subdivision activates two stochastic effects---extinction and desynchronization---diminishing the overall impact of the outbreak , even when infection numbers in the population as a whole are not small and their spatial distribution is unknown.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The key innovation of our proposed strategy is its ability to recruit stochastic effects such as spontaneous extinction and fluctuations in timing to contain the epidemic , even when infection numbers in the population as a whole are not small and their spatial distribution is unknown. It involves partitioning the population into smaller isolated sub-populations within which, while social distancing is practiced as much as possible to reduce the contact rate, a relatively normal lifestyle is maintained. As a rule of thumb, the optimal size of the sub-populations can be obtained by dividing the total population size by the best estimate of the number of infected individuals at the time of the implementation of this containment strategy .
Revised:  The key innovation of our proposed strategy is its ability to recruit stochastic effects such as spontaneous extinction and fluctuations in timing to contain the epidemic , even when the optimal size of the sub-populations can be obtained by dividing the total population size by the best estimate of the number of infected individuals at the time of the implementation of this containment strategy .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  As a rule of thumb, the optimal size of the sub-populations can be obtained by dividing the total population size by the best estimate of the number of infected individuals at the time of the implementation of this containment strategy .
Revised:  As a rule of thumb, the total population has already left the stochastic regime and the basic reproduction number is not altered by the subdivision. Both effects are quantitatively captured by our theoretical estimates, allowing us to determine their individual contributions to the observed reduction of the peak of the epidemic .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  It is known that at the threshold of the pandemic spreading the growth is exponential with a doubling time Td between 1.8 and 2.8 days. However it is not known how different containment policies determine different epidemic growth curves.
Revised:  It is known that at the threshold of the pandemic spreading at its threshold is exponential but it is not known how different containment policies determine different epidemic growth curves.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  However it is not known how different containment policies determine different epidemic growth curves. We have used our skills in the studies of growth processes out of equilibrium in quantum complex oxides and biological systems to quantify the data of the Covid-19 pandemic spread in the three countries in the first 28 days after threshold .
Revised:  However it is not known how to quantify the data of the Covid-19 pandemic spread in the three countries in the first 28 days after threshold .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We identify a first pre threshold phase, a second threshold phase and a third arrested phase regime . The third phase follow the Ostwald rule where in the course of time one phase transforms into another metastable phase with a similar free energy .
Revised:  We identify a first pre threshold phase, a second threshold phase and a third arrested phase regime following the Ostwald growth, where in the course of time one phase transforms into another metastable phase with a similar free energy .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The third phase follow the Ostwald rule where in the course of time one phase transforms into another metastable phase with a similar free energy . Similar arrested growth processes were previously observed in oxygen interstitials diffusion in layered perovskites and in crystallization of proteins.
Revised:  The third phase follow the Ostwald rule where in the course of time one phase transforms into another metastable phase with a similar free energy as observed in oxygen interstitials diffusion in layered perovskites and in crystallization of proteins.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The results provide a quantitative measure of the efficiency of different containment policies which will be very helpful to control the today Covid 19 world wide pandemic spreading .
Revised:  The results provide a quantitative measure of the efficiency and speed of the adopted containment policy, which is very helpful not only to monitor the Covid-19 pandemic spreading but also for other countries to choose the best containment policy. The results show that the policy based in joint confinement, targeted tests and tracking positive cases is the most rapid pandemic containment policy in fact we have found for China, South Korea, and Italy the values of the success s factor 9, 5, 32 respectively where the lowest s value indicates the best containment policy .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In particular, we overcome a key bottleneck of previous IPMs applying to maxflow (Madry 2013, Madry 2016, Cohen M\k{a Liu Sidford 2019 , Axiotis M\k{a ), which make progress by maximizing the energy of local \ell_2 norm minimizing electric flows.
Revised:  In particular, we overcome a key bottleneck of previous advances in IPMs for maxflow (Madry 2013, Madry 2016, Cohen M\k{a Liu Sidford 2019 , Axiotis M\k{a ), which make progress by maximizing the energy of local \ell_2 norm minimizing electric flows.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In particular, we overcome a key bottleneck of previous IPMs applying to maxflow (Madry 2013, Madry 2016, Cohen M\k{a Liu Sidford 2019 , Axiotis M\k{a ), which make progress by maximizing the energy of local \ell_2 norm minimizing electric flows.
Revised:  In particular, we overcome a key bottleneck of previous IPMs applying to maxflow (Madry 2013, Madry 2016, Liu Sidford 2019 , Axiotis M\k{a ), which make progress by maximizing the energy of local \ell_2 norm minimizing electric flows.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In particular, we overcome a key bottleneck of previous IPMs applying to maxflow (Madry 2013, Madry 2016, Cohen M\k{a Liu Sidford 2019 , Axiotis M\k{a ), which make progress by maximizing the energy of local \ell_2 norm minimizing electric flows.
Revised:  In particular, we overcome a key bottleneck of previous IPMs applying to maxflow (Madry 2013, Madry 2016, Cohen M\k{a Liu Sidford 2019 ), which make progress by maximizing the energy of local \ell_2 norm minimizing electric flows.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The nearest and next-to-nearest neighbour spacings between buzzard nests in the Teutoburger Wald around Bielefeld, as gathered in the years2000--2019, are compared with Ginibre random matrix ensembles as well as the Poisson spacing distributionin two dimensions.
Revised: A deeper understanding of the processes underlying the distribution of animals in space is crucial for both basic and applied ecology. The Common buzzard (Buteo buteo) is a highly aggressive, territorial bird of prey that interacts strongly with its intra- and interspecific competitors. We propose and use random matrix theory to quantify the strength and range of repulsion as a function of the buzzard population density, thus providing a novel approach to model density dependence. As an indicator of territorial behaviour, we perform a large-scale analysis of the distribution of buzzard nests in an area of 300 square kilometres around the Teutoburger Wald around Bielefeld, as gathered in the years2000--2019, are compared with Ginibre random matrix ensembles as well as the Poisson spacing distributionin two dimensions.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: The nearest and next-to-nearest neighbour spacings between buzzard nests in the Teutoburger Wald around Bielefeld, as gathered in the years2000--2019, are compared with Ginibre random matrix ensembles as well as the Poisson spacing distributionin two dimensions. Our goal is a phenomenological description of some structural aspects in the territorial behaviour of these birds. To capture intermediate spacings between Ginibre and Poisson, we also compare to numerically generated two-dimensional Coulomb gases at different temperatures, which interpolate between the two.
Revised: The nearest and next-to-nearest neighbour spacings between buzzard nests in the Teutoburger Wald , Germany, as gathered over a period of 20 years. The nearest and next-to-nearest neighbour spacing distribution between nests is compared to the two-dimensional Poisson distribution, originating from uncorrelated random variables, to the complex eigenvalues of random matrices, which are strongly correlated, and to a two-dimensional Coulomb gases at different temperatures, which interpolate between the two.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  To capture intermediate spacings between Ginibre and Poisson, we also compare to numerically generated two-dimensional Coulomb gases at different temperatures, which interpolate between the two. We find a stronger repulsion between nearest neighbours than between next-to-nearest ones, for more than the first half of the observed period.
Revised:  To capture intermediate spacings between Ginibre and Poisson, we also compare to numerically generated two-dimensional Coulomb gas interpolating between these two. A one-parameter fit to a time-moving average reveals a significant increase of repulsion between neighbouring nests, as a function of the observed period.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We find a stronger repulsion between nearest neighbours than between next-to-nearest ones, for more than the first half of the observed period. The increase of the absolute density of nests observed in that area over the monitored period of time leads to an increase of repulsion among neighbouring nests.
Revised:  We find a stronger repulsion between nearest neighbours than between next-to-nearest ones, for more than the first half of the observed increase in absolute population density over the monitored period of time leads to an increase of repulsion among neighbouring nests.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The increase of the absolute density of nests observed in that area over the monitored period of time leads to an increase of repulsion among neighbouring nests. Central to our approach is the use of well-established ideas from universal spatial structures, which suggest to employ a family of interpolating distributions with only one free parameter that parametrises the repulsionand that correlates well with the concepts from population ecology.
Revised:  The increase of the absolute density of nests observed in that area over the monitored period of time , thereby proving an unexpected yet simple model for density-dependent spacing of predator territories. A similar effect is obtained for next-to-nearest neighbours, albeit with weaker repulsion, indicating a short-range interaction. Our results show that random matrix theory might be useful in the context of population ecology.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We explore the effectiveness of strategies aimed either at containing or maximizing the impact of a spread, based respectively on removing span-cores of high cohesiveness or duration to decrease the epidemic risk, or on seeding the process from such structures.
Revised:  To assess the relevance of such structures, we explore the effectiveness of strategies aimed either at containing or maximizing the impact of a spread, based respectively on removing span-cores of high cohesiveness or duration to decrease the epidemic risk, or on seeding the process from such structures.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The effectiveness of such strategies is assessed in a variety of empirical data sets and against a number of baselines that use only static information on the centrality of nodes and static concepts of coreness  .
Revised:  The effectiveness of such strategies is assessed in a variety of empirical data sets and against a number of baselines that use only static information on the centrality of nodes and static concepts of coreness , as well as to a baseline based on a temporal centrality measure .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The scope of this work is to test whether using different polarization states for excitation light can affect the detected signal levels in 2P LSM imaging of  biological samples with a spatially unordered dye population.
Revised:  The scope of this work is to test whether using different polarization states for excitation light can affect the detected signal levels in 2P LSM imaging of typical biological samples with a spatially unordered dye population.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We compared the fluorescence signals obtained using different polarization states with various fluorophores (fluorescein, EGFP and GCaMP6s) and different samples (liquid solution and fixed or living zebrafish larvae).
Revised:  Supported by a theoretical model, we compared the fluorescence signals obtained using different polarization states with various fluorophores (fluorescein, EGFP and GCaMP6s) and different samples (liquid solution and fixed or living zebrafish larvae).
Edit intent: meaning-changed