wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  However, formidable computational requirements of existing approaches often offset these undeniable advantages---particularly in general instrumental variable models with continuous variables .
Revised:  However, formidable computational requirements of existing approaches often offset these undeniable advantages---particularly in general instrumental variable models . However, this flexibility comes at the cost of a ``curse of cardinality'': the number of restrictions on the identified set grows exponentially with the number of points in the support of the endogenous treatment .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  This article introduces a computationally tractable method for estimating bounds on functionals of counterfactual distributions in continuous instrumental variable models . Its potential applications include  randomized trials with imperfect compliance, the evaluation of social programs and, more generally, simultaneous equations models.
Revised:  This article proposes a novel path-sampling approach to this challenge. It is designed for partially identifying causal effects of interest in the most complex models with continuous endogenous treatments. A stochastic process representation allows to seamlessly incorporate assumptions on individual behavior into the model. Some potential applications include randomized trials with imperfect compliance, the evaluation of social programs and, more generally, simultaneous equations models.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Its potential applications include  randomized trials with imperfect compliance, the evaluation of social programs and, more generally, simultaneous equations models. The method does not require functional form restrictions a priori, but can incorporate parametric or nonparametric assumptions into the estimation process. It proceeds by solving an infinite dimensional program on the paths of a system of counterfactual stochastic processes in order to obtain the counterfactual bounds. A novel "sampling of paths"- approach provides the practical solution concept and probabilistic approximation guarantees .
Revised:  Its potential applications include randomized trials with imperfect compliance, the evaluation of social programs , welfare estimation in demand models, and continuous choice models .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  As a demonstration of its capabilities , the method provides informative nonparametric bounds on household expenditures under the sole assumption that expenditure is continuous , showing that partial identification approaches can yield informative bounds under minimal assumptions.
Revised:  As a demonstration , the method provides informative nonparametric bounds on household expenditures under the sole assumption that expenditure is continuous , showing that partial identification approaches can yield informative bounds under minimal assumptions.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  As a demonstration of its capabilities , the method provides informative nonparametric bounds on household expenditures under the sole assumption that expenditure is continuous , showing that partial identification approaches can yield informative bounds under minimal assumptions.
Revised:  As a demonstration of its capabilities , the method provides informative nonparametric bounds on household expenditures under the assumption that expenditure is continuous , showing that partial identification approaches can yield informative bounds under minimal assumptions.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  As a demonstration of its capabilities , the method provides informative nonparametric bounds on household expenditures under the sole assumption that expenditure is continuous , showing that partial identification approaches can yield informative bounds under minimal assumptions. Moreover, it shows that additional monotonicity assumptions lead to considerably tighter bounds, which constitutes a novel assessment of the identificatory strength of such nonparametric assumptions in a unified framework .
Revised:  As a demonstration of its capabilities , the method provides informative nonparametric bounds on household expenditures under the sole assumption that expenditure is continuous . The mathematical contribution is an approach to approximately solving infinite dimensional linear programs on path spaces via sampling .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: In this paper, we propose two distributed algorithms, named Distributed Voting with Beeps (DVB), for multi-choice voting in beep model where each node can communicate with its neighbors merely by sending beep signals.
Revised: In this paper, we propose two distributed algorithms, named Distributed Voting with Beeps (DVB), for multi-choice voting in a setting that each node can communicate with its neighbors merely by sending beep signals.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The two proposed algorithms have simple structures and can be employed in networks having severe constraints on the size of messages. In the first proposed algorithm, the adjacent nodes having the same value form a set called spot.
Revised:  Given its simplicity, the beep communication model is of practical importance in different applications such as system biology and wireless sensor networks. Yet, the distributed majority voting has not been resolved in this setting. In this paper, we propose two algorithms, named Distributed Voting with Beeps, to resolve this problem. In the first proposed algorithm, the adjacent nodes having the same value form a set called spot.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Inferential methods are commonly based on models making various strong assumptions: demography and population structures are supposed a priori known , the evolution of the genetic composition of a population does not affect demography nor population structure, and there is no selection nor interaction between and within genetic strains.
Revised:  Inferential methods are commonly based on models making various strong assumptions: demography and population structures are supposed a priori known , the evolution of the genetic composition of a population does not affect demography nor population structure, and there is no selection nor interaction between and within genetic strains.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We apply our procedure to simulated and real data . We show that the procedure give accurate estimate of the parameters of the model. We finally carry an illustration on real data and analyze the genetic diversity of microsatellites on Y-chromosomes sampled from Central Asia  populations in order to test whether different URLanizations show significantly different fertility.
Revised:  We apply our procedure to simulated data from a toy model, and to real data by analyzing the genetic diversity of microsatellites on Y-chromosomes sampled from Central Asia populations in order to test whether different URLanizations show significantly different fertility.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We finally carry an illustration on real data and analyze the genetic diversity of microsatellites on Y-chromosomes sampled from Central Asia  populations in order to test whether different URLanizations show significantly different fertility.
Revised:  We finally carry an illustration on real data and analyze the genetic diversity of microsatellites on Y-chromosomes sampled from Central Asia human populations in order to test whether different URLanizations show significantly different fertility.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We performed three different user studies to test effectiveness of different deceptive strategies and our adaptive algorithm in the long run. The statistical evaluation of these studies showed that the proposed adaptive deceptive algorithm did deceive humans in the long run and it is more effective than a random choice of deceptive strategies.
Revised:  We performed a user study to test our proposed adaptive deceptive algorithm did deceive humans in the long run and it is more effective than a random choice of deceptive strategies.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We  extract beat-to-beat HR and SBP during a 10 min interval from 30 controls and 30 POTS patients .
Revised:  We analyze data from 28 control subjects and 28 POTS patients who underwent HUT. We extract beat-to-beat HR and SBP during a 10 min interval from 30 controls and 30 POTS patients .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We employ Uniform Phase Empirical Mode Decomposition (UPEMD) extracting 0.1 Hz stationary modes from both signals and use  k-means clustering to analyze the outcomes.
Revised:  We employ Uniform Phase Empirical Mode Decomposition (UPEMD) to extract 0.1 Hz stationary modes from both signals and use k-means clustering to analyze the outcomes.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We employ Uniform Phase Empirical Mode Decomposition (UPEMD) extracting 0.1 Hz stationary modes from both signals and use  k-means clustering to analyze the outcomes.
Revised:  We employ Uniform Phase Empirical Mode Decomposition (UPEMD) extracting 0.1 Hz stationary modes from both signals and use random forest machine learning and k-means clustering to analyze the outcomes.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Results show that the amplitude of the 0.1 Hz oscillations is higher in POTS patients and that the phase response between the two signals is faster . POTS is associated with an increase in 0.1 Hz oscillations in SBP and HR . The best disease indicator is the phase response between the two signals significant both at rest and HUT . The 0.1 Hz phase response and oscillation amplitude metrics provide new markers that can improve POTS diagnostic ,
Revised:  Results show that the amplitude of the 0.1 Hz oscillations is higher in POTS patients and that the phase response between the two signals is shorter (p < 0.005) . POTS is associated with an increase in 0.1 Hz oscillations in SBP and HR . The best disease indicator is the phase response between the two signals significant both at rest and HUT . The 0.1 Hz phase response and oscillation amplitude metrics provide new markers that can improve POTS diagnostic ,
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Results show that the amplitude of the 0.1 Hz oscillations is higher in POTS patients and that the phase response between the two signals is faster . POTS is associated with an increase in 0.1 Hz oscillations in SBP and HR . The best disease indicator is the phase response between the two signals significant both at rest and HUT . The 0.1 Hz phase response and oscillation amplitude metrics provide new markers that can improve POTS diagnostic ,
Revised:  Results show that the amplitude of the 0.1 Hz oscillations is higher in POTS patients and that the phase response between the two signals is faster . POTS is associated with an increase in the amplitude of SBP and HR . The best disease indicator is the phase response between the two signals significant both at rest and HUT . The 0.1 Hz phase response and oscillation amplitude metrics provide new markers that can improve POTS diagnostic ,
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Results show that the amplitude of the 0.1 Hz oscillations is higher in POTS patients and that the phase response between the two signals is faster . POTS is associated with an increase in 0.1 Hz oscillations in SBP and HR . The best disease indicator is the phase response between the two signals significant both at rest and HUT . The 0.1 Hz phase response and oscillation amplitude metrics provide new markers that can improve POTS diagnostic ,
Revised:  Results show that the amplitude of the 0.1 Hz oscillations is higher in POTS patients and that the phase response between the two signals is faster . POTS is associated with an increase in 0.1 Hz oscillations in SBP and HR 0.1 Hz oscillation and a shortening of the phase between the two signals significant both at rest and HUT . The 0.1 Hz phase response and oscillation amplitude metrics provide new markers that can improve POTS diagnostic ,
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Results show that the amplitude of the 0.1 Hz oscillations is higher in POTS patients and that the phase response between the two signals is faster . POTS is associated with an increase in 0.1 Hz oscillations in SBP and HR . The best disease indicator is the phase response between the two signals significant both at rest and HUT . The 0.1 Hz phase response and oscillation amplitude metrics provide new markers that can improve POTS diagnostic ,
Revised:  Results show that the amplitude of the 0.1 Hz oscillations is higher in POTS patients and that the phase response between the two signals is faster . POTS is associated with an increase in 0.1 Hz oscillations in SBP and HR . The best disease indicator is the phase response between the two signals . The 0.1 Hz phase response and oscillation amplitude metrics provide new markers that can improve POTS diagnostic ,
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Results show that the amplitude of the 0.1 Hz oscillations is higher in POTS patients and that the phase response between the two signals is faster . POTS is associated with an increase in 0.1 Hz oscillations in SBP and HR . The best disease indicator is the phase response between the two signals significant both at rest and HUT . The 0.1 Hz phase response and oscillation amplitude metrics provide new markers that can improve POTS diagnostic , eliminating the need for postural change , which often is associated with dizziness or fainting .
Revised:  Results show that the amplitude of the 0.1 Hz oscillations is higher in POTS patients and that the phase response between the two signals is faster . POTS is associated with an increase in 0.1 Hz oscillations in SBP and HR . The best disease indicator is the phase response between the two signals significant both at rest and HUT . The 0.1 Hz phase response and oscillation amplitude metrics provide new markers that can improve POTS diagnostic augmenting the existing diagnosis protocol only analyzing the change in heart rate .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Emanation graphs of grade k , introduced by Hamedmohseni, Rahmati, and Mondal, are plane spanners made by shooting 2^{k+1}  rays from each given point, where the shorter rays stop the longer ones upon collision.
Revised: An emanation graph of grade k , introduced by Hamedmohseni, Rahmati, and Mondal, are plane spanners made by shooting 2^{k+1} rays from each given point, where the shorter rays stop the longer ones upon collision.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Emanation graphs of grade k , introduced by Hamedmohseni, Rahmati, and Mondal, are plane spanners made by shooting 2^{k+1}  rays from each given point, where the shorter rays stop the longer ones upon collision.
Revised: Emanation graphs of grade k on a set of points is a plane spanner made by shooting 2^{k+1} rays from each given point, where the shorter rays stop the longer ones upon collision.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Emanation graphs of grade k , introduced by Hamedmohseni, Rahmati, and Mondal, are plane spanners made by shooting 2^{k+1}  rays from each given point, where the shorter rays stop the longer ones upon collision.
Revised: Emanation graphs of grade k , introduced by Hamedmohseni, Rahmati, and Mondal, are plane spanners made by shooting 2^{k+1} equally spaced rays from each given point, where the shorter rays stop the longer ones upon collision.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Emanation graphs of grade k , introduced by Hamedmohseni, Rahmati, and Mondal, are plane spanners made by shooting 2^{k+1}  rays from each given point, where the shorter rays stop the longer ones upon collision.
Revised: Emanation graphs of grade k , introduced by Hamedmohseni, Rahmati, and Mondal, are plane spanners made by shooting 2^{k+1} rays from each point, where the shorter rays stop the longer ones upon collision.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We introduce a method of simplification for emanation graphs of grade k= 2 , which makes it a competent spanner for many possible use cases such as network visualizationand geometric routing.
Revised:  We introduce a method of simplification for emanation graphs of grade one were studied by Mondal and Nachmanson in the context of network visualization. They proved that the spanning ratio of such a graph is bounded by ( 2 , which makes it a competent spanner for many possible use cases such as network visualizationand geometric routing.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We introduce a method of simplification for emanation graphs of grade k= 2 , which makes it a competent spanner for many possible use cases such as network visualizationand geometric routing. In particular, the simplification reduces the number of Steiner points by half and also significantly decreases the total)\approx 3.41.
Revised:  We introduce a method of simplification for emanation graphs of grade k= 2 +\sqrt{2)\approx 3.41.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We also explore emanation graphs of grade two, which may have twice the } number of edges , without increasing the spanning ratio. Exact methods of simplification along with mathematical proofs on properties of the simplified graph is provided. We compare simplified emanation graphs against Shewchuk's constrained Delaunay triangulations on both synthetic and real-life datasets.
Revised:  We also explore emanation graphs of grade two, which may have twice the } number of edges compared to grade one graphs. We introduce a method of simplification that makes it an interesting geometric graph to be used for network visualization and geometric routing. In particular, we compare simplified emanation graphs against Shewchuk's constrained Delaunay triangulations on both synthetic and real-life datasets.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We have developed a statistical technique to test the model assumption of binary regime switching extension of the geometric L\'{e a new discriminating statistics.
Revised:  We have developed a novel statistical technique for jump detection and volatility estimation in a return time series data using a threshold method. Since we derive the threshold and the volatility estimator simultaneously by solving an implicit equation, we obtain unprecedented accuracy across a wide range of parameter values. Using this method, the increments attributed to jumps have been removed from a large collection of historical data of Indian sectoral indices. Subsequently, we test the presence of regime switching dynamics in the volatility coefficient using a new discriminating statistics.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In contrast with much of the existing literature which assumes coefficients to evolve according to a random walk, this specification does not restrict the form that the time-variation in coefficients can take .
Revised:  In contrast with much of the existing literature which assumes coefficients to evolve according to a random walk, a hierarchical mixture model on the TVPs is introduced. The resulting model closely mimics a random coefficients specification which groups the TVPs into several regimes. These flexible mixtures allow for TVPs that feature a small, moderate or large number of structural breaks .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We show how a torque balance (commonly overlooked in implementations of the vertex model)  places a geometric constraint on the stress in the neighbourhood of cellular trijunctions, and requires cell edges to be orthogonal to the links of a dual network that connect neighbouring cell centres and thereby triangulate the monolayer .
Revised:  We show how a torque balance (commonly overlooked in implementations of the vertex model) requires each internal vertex to lie at the orthocentre of the triangle formed by neighbouring edge centroids. Torque balance also places a geometric constraint on the stress in the neighbourhood of cellular trijunctions, and requires cell edges to be orthogonal to the links of a dual network that connect neighbouring cell centres and thereby triangulate the monolayer .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We show how a torque balance (commonly overlooked in implementations of the vertex model)  places a geometric constraint on the stress in the neighbourhood of cellular trijunctions, and requires cell edges to be orthogonal to the links of a dual network that connect neighbouring cell centres and thereby triangulate the monolayer . Torque balance also requires each internal vertex to be the orthocentre of the triangle formed by neighbouring edge centroids .
Revised:  We show how a torque balance (commonly overlooked in implementations of the vertex model) places a geometric constraint on the stress in the neighbourhood of cellular trijunctions, and requires cell edges to be orthogonal to the links of a dual network that connect neighbouring cell centres and thereby triangulate the monolayer .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: To meet the increasing requirements for wireless communications, unlicensed access is being accepted as one of the most significant solutions to improve resource availability and system scalability in 5G NR, which is called NR-based Access to Unlicensed Spectrum (NR-U) . As an OFDM system, 5G will face the problem of high Cubic Metric (CM).
Revised: In NR-based Access to Unlicensed Spectrum (NR-U) . As an OFDM system, 5G will face the problem of high Cubic Metric (CM).
Edit intent: coherence
Original: To meet the increasing requirements for wireless communications, unlicensed access is being accepted as one of the most significant solutions to improve resource availability and system scalability in 5G NR, which is called NR-based Access to Unlicensed Spectrum (NR-U) . As an OFDM system, 5G will face the problem of high Cubic Metric (CM). To satisfy the usage rules of Occupied Channel Bandwidth (OCB) of unlicensed spectrum, NR-U's PRACH and PUCCH , which are composed of CAZAC sequences, have to use some sequence repetition mechanisms in frequency domain , which brings more serious CM problems.
Revised: To meet the increasing requirements for wireless communications, unlicensed access is being accepted as one of the most significant solutions to improve resource availability and system scalability in 5G NR, which is called NR-based Access to Unlicensed Spectrum (NR-U) of 5G system, to satisfy the rules of Occupied Channel Bandwidth (OCB) of unlicensed spectrum, NR-U's PRACH and PUCCH , which are composed of CAZAC sequences, have to use some sequence repetition mechanisms in frequency domain , which brings more serious CM problems.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  To satisfy the usage rules of Occupied Channel Bandwidth (OCB) of unlicensed spectrum, NR-U's PRACH and PUCCH , which are composed of CAZAC sequences, have to use some sequence repetition mechanisms in frequency domain , which brings more serious CM problems.
Revised:  To satisfy the usage rules of Occupied Channel Bandwidth (OCB) of unlicensed spectrum, the channels of PRACH and PUCCH , which are composed of CAZAC sequences, have to use some sequence repetition mechanisms in frequency domain , which brings more serious CM problems.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To satisfy the usage rules of Occupied Channel Bandwidth (OCB) of unlicensed spectrum, NR-U's PRACH and PUCCH , which are composed of CAZAC sequences, have to use some sequence repetition mechanisms in frequency domain , which brings more serious CM problems.
Revised:  To satisfy the usage rules of Occupied Channel Bandwidth (OCB) of unlicensed spectrum, NR-U's PRACH and PUCCH have to use some sequence repetition mechanisms in frequency domain , which brings more serious CM problems.
Edit intent: coherence