wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  For utility functions finite on the  real line, our class represents a minimal set containing simple strategies which also contains the optimizer, under conditions that are substantially milder than the celebrated reasonable asymptotic elasticity condition on the utility function .
Revised:  For utility functions finite on the real line, our class represents a minimal set containing simple strategies which also contains the optimizer, under conditions that are milder than the celebrated reasonable asymptotic elasticity condition on the utility function .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  For utility functions finite on the  real line, our class represents a minimal set containing simple strategies which also contains the optimizer, under conditions that are substantially milder than the celebrated reasonable asymptotic elasticity condition on the utility function . In particular, no condition on the behavior of the utility at -\infty is needed .
Revised:  For utility functions finite on the real line, our class represents a minimal set containing simple strategies which also contains the optimizer, under conditions that are substantially milder than the celebrated reasonable asymptotic elasticity condition on the utility function .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Our motivation was to verify the conjecture that in durational setting, the bisimulation equivalence checking problem becomes more tractable  (which is the case, e.g., over communication-free nets).
Revised:  Our motivation was to verify the conjecture that in durational setting, the bisimulation equivalence checking problem becomes more tractable than in ordinary setting (which is the case, e.g., over communication-free nets).
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: This is the first delivery of the Financial Bubble Experiment that our group has recently launched within the Financial Crisis Observatory (FCO) at ETH Zurich URL 
Revised: This is the first delivery of the Financial Bubble Experiment that our group has recently launched within the Financial Crisis Observatory (FCO) at ETH Zurich URL In that initial report, we diagnosed and announced three bubbles on three different assets. In this latest release of 23 December 2009 in this ongoing experiment, we add a diagnostic of a new bubble developing on a fourth asset.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: An optimal investment problem is solved for an insider who has access to noisy information related to a future stock price, but who does not know the stock price drift. The drift is filtered from a combination of price observations and the privileged information, fusing a partial information scenario with enlargement of filtration techniques. We apply a variant of the Kalman-Bucy filter to infer a signal, given a combination of an observation process and some additional information. This converts the combined partial and inside information model to a full information model, and the associated investment problem for HARA utility is explicitly solved via duality methods. We consider the cases in which the agent has information on the terminal value of the Brownian motion driving the stock, and on the terminal stock price itself. Comparisons are drawn with the classical partial information case without insider knowledge. The parameter uncertainty results in stock price inside information being more valuable than Brownian information, and perfect knowledge of the future stock price leads to infinite additional utility. This is in contrast to the conventional case in which the stock drift is assumed known, in which perfect information of any kind leads to unbounded additional utility, since stock price information is then indistinguishable from Brownian information .
Revised: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors pending corrections .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: We apply a Coupled Markov Chain approach to model rating transitions and thereby default probabilities of companies. We estimate parameters by applying a maximum likelihood estimation using a large set of historical ratings.
Revised: We propose a Markov chain model for credit rating changes. We do not use any distributional assumptions on the asset values of the rated companies but directly model the rating transitions process. The parameters of the model are estimated by a maximum likelihood estimation using a large set of historical ratings.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We estimate parameters by applying a maximum likelihood estimation using a large set of historical ratings. Given the parameters the model can be used to simulate scenarios for joint rating changes of a set of companies, enabling the use of contemporary risk managementtechniques. We obtain scenarios for the payment streams generated by CDX contracts and portfolios of such contracts. This allows for assessing the risk of the current position held and design portfolios which are optimal relative to the risk preferences of the investor .
Revised:  We estimate parameters by applying a maximum likelihood approach using historical rating transitions and heuristic global optimization techniques. We benchmark the model against a GLMM model in the context of bond portfolio risk management. The proposed model yields stronger dependencies and higher risks than the GLMM model. As a result, the risk optimal portfolios are more conservative than the decisions resulting from the benchmark model .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: There is little objective insight about various statistical aspects regarding the nature of occurrences of 3-10 and Pi-helices. Comprehensive set of reasons behind the existence of 3-10 and Pi-helices can only be obtained if the occurrence profile of these on the primary structure is unambiguously described from the perspectives of sequence, structure and evolution. Although studies about the compositional and energetic profile of 3-10 and Pi-helices aren't uncommon, merely that doesn't tell us why these (rather unstable) structures are found in the proteins at the first place. Considering all the non-redundant protein structures across all the major structural classes, the present study attempts to find the probabilistic distributions that describe several facets of the occurrence of these rare secondary structures in proteins.
Revised: Considering all available non-redundant protein structures across all the major structural classes, the present study attempts to find the probabilistic distributions that describe several facets of the occurrence of these rare secondary structures in proteins.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Considering all the non-redundant protein structures across all the major structural classes, the present study attempts to find the probabilistic distributions that describe several facets of the occurrence of these rare secondary structures in proteins.
Revised:  Considering all the non-redundant protein structures across all the major structural classes, the present study attempts to find the probabilistic distributions that describe several facets of the occurrence of 3(10) and Pi-helices in proteins.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Probabilistic profiling of the occurrence of 3-10 and Pi-helices reveal their presence to follow Poisson flow on the sequence. With extensive analysis from varying standpoints we prove here that, such Poisson flows suggest the 3-10-helices and especially Pi-helices to be evidences of nature's mistakes on folding pathways.
Revised:  Probabilistic profiling of the occurrence of 3-10 and Pi-helices reveal their presence to follow Poisson flow on the primary structure; implying that, their occurrence profile is rare, random and accidental. Structural class-specific statistical analyses of sequence intervals between consecutive occurrences of 3(10) and Pi-helices to be evidences of nature's mistakes on folding pathways.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  With extensive analysis from varying standpoints we prove here that, such Poisson flows suggest the 3-10-helices and especially Pi-helices to be evidences of nature's mistakes on folding pathways. This hypothesis is further supported by results of critical evolutionary analysis on 20 major protein domain families, which reveal the definitive trend that proteins try to dispose these structures off during evolution, in favor of alpha-helices. Alongside these unexpected and significant results } , a new algorithm to differentiate between related sequences is proposed here that reliably studies evolutionary distance with respect to protein secondary structures.
Revised:  With extensive analysis from varying standpoints we prove here that, such Poisson flows suggest the 3-10-helices and especially Pi-helices revealed that these could be best described by gamma and exponential distributions, across structural classes. Comparative study of normalized percentage of non-glycine and non-proline residues in 3(10), Pi and alpha-helices revealed a considerably higher proportion of 3(10) and Pi-helix residues in disallowed, generous and allowed regions of Ramachandran map. Probe into these findings in the light of evolution suggested clearly that 3(10) and Pi-helices should appropriately be viewed as evolutionary intermediates on long time scale, for not only the } , a new algorithm to differentiate between related sequences is proposed here that reliably studies evolutionary distance with respect to protein secondary structures.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Alongside these unexpected and significant results } , a new algorithm to differentiate between related sequences is proposed here that reliably studies evolutionary distance with respect to protein secondary structures.
Revised:  Alongside these unexpected and significant results }-helical conformation but also for the 'turns', equiprobably. Hence, accidental and random nature of occurrences of 3(10) and Pi-helices, and their evolutionary non-conservation, could be described and explained from an invariant quantitative framework. Extent of correctness of two previously proposed hypotheses on 3(10) and Pi-helices, have been investigated too. Alongside these , a new algorithm to differentiate between related sequences is proposed here that reliably studies evolutionary distance with respect to protein secondary structures.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In this paper we prove that when the dividend function is positive and concave, then the boundary  tends to 0 as time tends to t_d^- and is non-increasing in a left-hand neighbourhood of t_d.
Revised:  In this paper we prove that when the dividend function is positive and concave, then the boundary is non-increasing in a left-hand neighbourhood of t_d, and tends to 0 as time tends to t_d^- and is non-increasing in a left-hand neighbourhood of t_d.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In this paper we prove that when the dividend function is positive and concave, then the boundary  tends to 0 as time tends to t_d^- and is non-increasing in a left-hand neighbourhood of t_d. We also show that the exercise boundary is continuous and a high contact principle holds in such a neighbourhood when the dividend function is moreover linearin a neighbourhood of 0.
Revised:  In this paper we prove that when the dividend function is positive and concave, then the boundary tends to 0 as time tends to t_d^- with a speed that we can characterize. When the dividend function is linear in a neighbourhood of zero, then we show continuity of the exercise boundary is continuous and a high contact principle holds in such a neighbourhood when the dividend function is moreover linearin a neighbourhood of 0.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We also show that the exercise boundary is continuous and a high contact principle holds in such a neighbourhood when the dividend function is moreover linearin a neighbourhood of 0.
Revised:  We also show that the exercise boundary is continuous and a high contact principle in the left-hand neighbourhood of t_d. When it is globally linear, then right-continuity of the boundary and the high contact principle are proved to hold globally. Finally, we show how all the previous results can be extended to multiple dividend payment dates in that case.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The influence of Markovian, as well as spatially and temporally correlated (non-Markovian) noise on the generation of entanglement across distinct chromophores (site entanglement) and different excitons (mode entanglement) is studied for different injection mechanisms, like thermal and coherent laser excitation.
Revised:  The influence of Markovian, as well as spatially and temporally correlated (non-Markovian) noise on the generation of entanglement across distinct chromophores (site entanglement) and different excitonic eigenstates (mode entanglement) is studied for different injection mechanisms, like thermal and coherent laser excitation.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The influence of Markovian, as well as spatially and temporally correlated (non-Markovian) noise on the generation of entanglement across distinct chromophores (site entanglement) and different excitons (mode entanglement) is studied for different injection mechanisms, like thermal and coherent laser excitation.
Revised:  The influence of Markovian, as well as spatially and temporally correlated (non-Markovian) noise on the generation of entanglement across distinct chromophores (site entanglement) and different excitons (mode entanglement) is studied for different injection mechanisms, including thermal and coherent laser excitation.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  While quantum information processing tends to favor maximal entanglement, near unit EET is achieved when the initial part of the evolution displays intermediate values of both forms of entanglement which is the result of an intricate interplay between coherent and noisy processes in these complex systems .
Revised:  While quantum information processing tends to favor maximal entanglement, near unit EET is achieved as the result of an intricate interplay between coherent and noisy processes where the initial part of the evolution displays intermediate values of both forms of entanglement which is the result of an intricate interplay between coherent and noisy processes in these complex systems .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  While quantum information processing tends to favor maximal entanglement, near unit EET is achieved when the initial part of the evolution displays intermediate values of both forms of entanglement which is the result of an intricate interplay between coherent and noisy processes in these complex systems .
Revised:  While quantum information processing tends to favor maximal entanglement, near unit EET is achieved when the initial part of the evolution displays intermediate values of both forms of entanglement .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   Here we introduce the novel concept of community landscapes and ModuLand, an integrative framework determining overlapping network modules as hills of the community landscape and including several widely used modularization methods as special cases.
Revised:  Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we introduce the novel concept of community landscapes and ModuLand, an integrative framework determining overlapping network modules as hills of the community landscape and including several widely used modularization methods as special cases.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:   Here we introduce the novel concept of community landscapes and ModuLand, an integrative framework determining overlapping network modules as hills of the community landscape and including several widely used modularization methods as special cases.
Revised:  Here we introduce the novel concept of community landscapes and ModuLand, an integrative framework determining overlapping network modules as hills of an influence function-based, centrality-type community landscape, and including several widely used modularization methods as special cases.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Decision making in the presence of randomness is an important problem, particularly in finance. Often, decision makers base their choices on the values of `risk measures' or `nonlinear expectations'; it is important to understand how these decisions evolve through time. In this paper, we consider how these decisions are affected by the use of a moving horizon, and the possible inconsistencies that this creates.
Revised: We consider portfolio selection when decisions based on a dynamic risk measure are affected by the use of a moving horizon, and the possible inconsistencies that this creates.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  One of the key components of extrinsically activated apoptosis is the death receptor Fas, which, on binding to its cognate ligand  , oligomerize to form the death-inducing signaling complex , a pivotal trigger of apoptosis .
Revised:  A key component of extrinsically activated apoptosis is the death receptor Fas, which, on binding to its cognate ligand , oligomerize to form the death-inducing signaling complex , a pivotal trigger of apoptosis .
Edit intent: style
Original:  One of the key components of extrinsically activated apoptosis is the death receptor Fas, which, on binding to its cognate ligand  , oligomerize to form the death-inducing signaling complex , a pivotal trigger of apoptosis .
Revised:  One of the key components of extrinsically activated apoptosis is the death receptor Fas, which, on binding to its cognate ligand FasL , oligomerize to form the death-inducing signaling complex , a pivotal trigger of apoptosis .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  One of the key components of extrinsically activated apoptosis is the death receptor Fas, which, on binding to its cognate ligand  , oligomerize to form the death-inducing signaling complex , a pivotal trigger of apoptosis .
Revised:  One of the key components of extrinsically activated apoptosis is the death receptor Fas, which, on binding to its cognate ligand , oligomerize to form the death-inducing signaling complex .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Motivated by recent experimental data demonstrating the capacity of Fas to self-stabilize in their signaling forms , we propose a mathematical model of death ligand-receptor interaction that exhibits hysteresis. This provides an upstream mechanism for bistability in apoptosis, which is seen to be a consequence of biologically observed receptor trimerization.
Revised:  Motivated by recent experimental data demonstrating the capacity of Fas to self-stabilize in their signaling forms , we propose a mathematical model of death ligand-receptor dynamics where FasL acts as a clustering agent for Fas, which form locally stable signaling platforms through proximity-induced receptor interactions. Significantly, the model exhibits hysteresis, providing an upstream mechanism for bistability in apoptosis, which is seen to be a consequence of biologically observed receptor trimerization.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  This provides an upstream mechanism for bistability in apoptosis, which is seen to be a consequence of biologically observed receptor trimerization. We analyze the bistabilitythresholds of the model, which furthermore possesses robustness of bistability , and provide a model assessment criterion using tools from algebraic geometry .
Revised:  This provides an upstream mechanism for bistability and robustness. At low receptor concentrations, the bistability is contingent on the trimerism of FasL. Moreover, irreversible bistability , and provide a model assessment criterion using tools from algebraic geometry .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We analyze the bistabilitythresholds of the model, which furthermore possesses robustness of bistability , and provide a model assessment criterion using tools from algebraic geometry .
Revised:  We analyze the bistabilitythresholds of the model, which furthermore possesses robustness of bistability , representing a committed cell death decision, emerges at high concentrations, which may be achieved through receptor pre-association or localization onto membrane lipid rafts. Thus, our model provides a novel theory for these observed biological phenomena within the unified context of bistability. Importantly, as Fas interactions initiate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, our model also suggests a mechanism by which cells may function as bistable life/death switches independently of any such dynamics in their downstream components .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Our results strongly suggest a role for Fas and other death receptors in generating robust threshold switching between coherent life and death states. Discussion includes an analogy with ferromagnetism and the generalization of self-stabilization to other apoptotic complexes such as the apoptosome .
Revised:  Our results strongly suggest a role for Fas and other death receptors in deciding cell fate and add to the signal processing capabilities attributed to receptor clustering .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  it is applied to the IIP (indices of industrial production) data in Japan. The random matrix theory is adopted to eliminate statistical noises out of the original data.
Revised:  it is applied to the IIP (indices of industrial production) data for Japan. Statistical noise arising from finiteness of the time series data is carefully removed by making use of the random matrix theory is adopted to eliminate statistical noises out of the original data.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Here our particular attention is given to relationship between final demand and intermediate production . Also we observe distinctive external stimuli on the Japanese economy exerted by the current global economic crisis.
Revised:  Here a correlation matrix constructed from the two modes describes genuine interindustrial correlations in a statistically meaningful way. Further it enables us to quantitatively discuss the relationship between shipments of final demand goods and production of intermediate goods in a linear response framework. We also investigate distinctive external stimuli on the Japanese economy exerted by the current global economic crisis.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Those stimuli are derived from residual of moving-averaged fluctuations of the IIP left over after subtracting the long-period components due to the business cycles .
Revised:  Those stimuli are derived from residual of moving-averaged fluctuations of the IIP left over after subtracting the long-period components arising from inherent business cycles. The observation reveals that the fluctuation-dissipation theory is applicable to an economic system that is supposed to be far from physical equilibrium .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We show that if DNA configurational entropy is restricted, divalent counterions can cause DNA reentrant condensation similar to that caused by tri- or tetra-valent counterions.
Revised:  Although divalent counterions cannot condense free DNA molecules in solution, we show that if DNA configurational entropy is restricted, divalent counterions can cause DNA reentrant condensation similar to that caused by tri- or tetra-valent counterions.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We formulate the master equation as a quantum many-body variational problem and employ a Hartree ansatz to obtain a system of coupled nonlinear difference equations .
Revised:  We map the system onto a quantum spin system whose dynamics is generated by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Making an ansatz for the solution as a tensor product state leads to nonlinear partial differential equations that describe the dynamics of the system .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  We discuss the role of the spatial dependence due to the non-local feedback mechanism , and we consider the effects of spatially heterogeneous enzymatic activity  .
Revised:  We discuss the role of the spatial dependence due to the non-local feedback mechanism , and we consider the effects of spatially heterogeneous enzymatic activity . Finally, we consider multistability in a model of several types of correlated post-translational modifications .
Edit intent: meaning-changed