wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  The objective of causal research is to test hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships. If the objective is to determine which variable might be causing a certain behavior, i.e., whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between variables, causal research must be undertaken. In order to determine causality, it is important to hold the variable that is assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s) constant and then measure the changes in the other variable(s).
Revised:  . 76. To determine causality, it is important to hold the variable that is assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s) constant and then measure the changes in the other variable(s).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   This type of research is very complex and the researcher can never be completely certain that there are not other factors influencing the causal relationship, especially when dealing with people’s attitudes and motivations.
Revised:  Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods. This type of research is very complex and the researcher can never be completely certain that there are not other factors influencing the causal relationship, especially when dealing with people’s attitudes and motivations.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  References Category:Market research Category:Methods in sociology Category:Quantitative research Category:Scientific metho    
Revised:  References Experiments are typically conducted in laboratories where many or all aspects of the experiment can be tightly controlled to avoid spurious results due to factors other than the hypothesized causative factor(s). Many studies in physics, for example, use this approach. Alternatively, field experiments can be performed, as with medical studies in which subjects may have a great many attributes that cannot be controlled for but in which at least the key hypothesized causative variables can be varied and some of the extraneous attributes can at least be measured. Field experiments also are sometimes used in economics, such as when two different groups of welfare recipients are given two alternative sets of incentives or opportunities to earn income and the resulting effect on their labor supply is investigated. 
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  References Category:Market research Category:Methods in sociology Category:Quantitative research Category:Scientific metho    
Revised:  References Category:Market research Category:Methods in sociology Category:Quantitative research Category:Scientific metho In areas such as economics, most empirical research is done on pre-existing data, often collected on a regular basis by a government. Multiple regression is a group of related statistical techniques that control for (attempt to avoid spurious influence from) various causative influences other than the ones being studied. If the data show sufficient variation in the hypothesized explanatory variable of interest, its effect if any upon the potentially influenced variable can be measured. 
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Causal research, also called explanatory research . is the investigation of (research into) cause-and-effect relationships .Brains, C., Willnat, L,, Manheim, J., Rich, R. 2011.
Revised: Causal research, . is the investigation of (research into) cause-and-effect relationships .Brains, C., Willnat, L,, Manheim, J., Rich, R. 2011.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Causal research, also called explanatory research . is the investigation of (research into) cause-and-effect relationships .Brains, C., Willnat, L,, Manheim, J., Rich, R. 2011.
Revised: Causal research, also called explanatory research . is the investigation of (research into) cause-relationships .Brains, C., Willnat, L,, Manheim, J., Rich, R. 2011.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s)  , and then measure the changes in the  other variable(s)  . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Revised:  To determine causality, Variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s) , and then measure the changes in the other variable(s) . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s)  , and then measure the changes in the  other variable(s)  . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Revised:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable presumed to influence the difference in another variable(s) , and then measure the changes in the other variable(s) . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s)  , and then measure the changes in the  other variable(s)  . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Revised:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s) must be detected , and then measure the changes in the other variable(s) . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s)  , and then measure the changes in the  other variable(s)  . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Revised:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s) , and then the other variable(s) . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s)  , and then measure the changes in the  other variable(s)  . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Revised:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s) , and then measure the changes in the variations from the other variable(s) . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s)  , and then measure the changes in the  other variable(s)  . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Revised:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s) , and then measure the changes in the other variable(s) must be calculated (s) . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s)  , and then measure the changes in the  other variable(s)  . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of data, or by using statistical methods .
Revised:  To determine causality, it is important to observe variation in the variable assumed to cause the change in the other variable(s) , and then measure the changes in the other variable(s) . Other confounding influences must be controlled for so they don't distort the results, either by holding them constant in the experimental creation of evidence .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Creation and contention By 2011, the groups Dot Gay Alliance and dotgay LLC had expressed interest in operating the generic top-level domain (gTLD), which became one of approximately 2,000 new gTLDs formally requested in 2012. The .gay gTLD was one of 84 that received applications in the "community-based category". Some officials of conservative Arab nations opposed creation of the gTLD. In 2012, the Saudi Arabian government objected to use of .gay domains, alongside the .baby, .bar, .casino, .islam, .sex., and .wine gTLDs and others. The Saudi communications authority known as the Communications and Information Technology Commission said .gay domains "would promote homosexuality and would be offensive to 'many societies and cultures. In August, The Verge Kimber Streams said "several organized campaigns and petitions were filed against .sex and .gay domains in attempt to communicate large numbers of opposition."
Revised: ===hey ezra
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Category:1991 births Category:  Association football forwards Category:Algerian footballers Category:Algeria international footballers Category:Algerian expatriate footballers Category:Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players Category:Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Tunisia Category:CS Sfaxien players Category:Expatriate footballers in Tunisia Category:MC Alger players Category:Living people Category:People from Boumerdès Province Category:USM El Harrach player
Revised: Category:1991 births Category: Living people Category:Algerian people Category:People from Larbatache Category:People from Khemis El Khechna District Category:People from Boumerdès Province Category:Kabyle people Category: Association football forwards Category:Algerian footballers Category:Algeria international footballers Category:Algerian expatriate footballers Category:Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players Category:Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Tunisia Category:CS Sfaxien players Category:Expatriate footballers in Tunisia Category:MC Alger players Category:Living people Category:People from Boumerdès Province Category:USM El Harrach player
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Category:1991 births Category:  Association football forwards Category:Algerian footballers Category:Algeria international footballers Category:Algerian expatriate footballers Category:Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players Category:Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Tunisia Category:CS Sfaxien players Category:Expatriate footballers in Tunisia Category:MC Alger players Category:Living people Category:People from Boumerdès Province Category:USM El Harrach player
Revised: Category:1991 births Category: Association football forwards Category:Algerian footballers Category:Algeria international footballers Category:Algerian expatriate footballers Category:Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players Category:Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Tunisia Category:CS Sfaxien players Category:Expatriate footballers in Tunisia Category:MC Alger players Category:USM El Harrach player
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Paul Merker ( born Oberlößnitz 1 February 1894 : died Eichwalde 13 May 1969  ) was an activist member of Germany's Communist Party (KPD / Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands) who later became a politician and a top official of East Germany's ruling SED (Socialist Unity Party of Germany/Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands).
Revised: Paul Merker ( 1 February 1894 : died Eichwalde 13 May 1969 ) was an activist member of Germany's Communist Party (KPD / Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands) who later became a politician and a top official of East Germany's ruling SED (Socialist Unity Party of Germany/Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands).
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Paul Merker ( born Oberlößnitz 1 February 1894 : died Eichwalde 13 May 1969  ) was an activist member of Germany's Communist Party (KPD / Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands) who later became a politician and a top official of East Germany's ruling SED (Socialist Unity Party of Germany/Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands).
Revised: Paul Merker ( born Oberlößnitz 1 February 1894 , in Oberlößnitz – 13 May 1969 ) was an activist member of Germany's Communist Party (KPD / Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands) who later became a politician and a top official of East Germany's ruling SED (Socialist Unity Party of Germany/Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands).
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Paul Merker ( born Oberlößnitz 1 February 1894 : died Eichwalde 13 May 1969  ) was an activist member of Germany's Communist Party (KPD / Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands) who later became a politician and a top official of East Germany's ruling SED (Socialist Unity Party of Germany/Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands).
Revised: Paul Merker ( born Oberlößnitz 1 February 1894 : died Eichwalde 13 May 1969 , in Eichwalde ) was an activist member of Germany's Communist Party (KPD / Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands) who later became a politician and a top official of East Germany's ruling SED (Socialist Unity Party of Germany/Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands).
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Resignation, conversion to Roman Catholicism and death Kádár's grave János Kádár held power in Hungary until the "apparat coup" in the spring of 1988,Ivan Volcyes,"Leadership Drift in Hungary:Empirical Observations on a Normative Concept" "the dramatic party conference of May,1988, that swept away the entire Kádár team..."
Revised: Resignation, final months and death Kádár's grave János Kádár held power in Hungary until the "apparat coup" in the spring of 1988,Ivan Volcyes,"Leadership Drift in Hungary:Empirical Observations on a Normative Concept" "the dramatic party conference of May,1988, that swept away the entire Kádár team..."
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: The Washington Post,"Hungary's Janos Kadar retired from party posts" According to Miklós Németh's testimony, some months before his death Kádár asked a Roman Catholic priest to hear his confession, which indicates that he probably experienced a conversion from his former atheism to Roman Catholicism .movil.religionenlibertad.comblogs.reuters.comcatholicherald.co.um
Revised: The Washington Post,"Hungary's Janos Kadar retired from party posts" According to Miklós Németh's testimony, some months before his death Kádár asked a Roman Catholic priest to hear his confession, which some have theorised as a sign of a possible revelation and conversion to Christianity .movil.religionenlibertad.comblogs.reuters.comcatholicherald.co.um
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   In 18th- and 19th-century schools, slate was extensively used for blackboards and individual writing slates, for which slate or chalk pencils were used.
Revised:  Fine slate can be used as a whetstone to hone knives. In 18th- and 19th-century schools, slate was extensively used for blackboards and individual writing slates, for which slate or chalk pencils were used.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Category: Revolution-based civil wars Category: 20th century in Laos Category: Anti-communism Category:Cold War conflicts Category: Foreign relations of Laos Category:History of Laos Category:Hmong-American culture and history Category:Politics of Laos Category: Vietnam War Category:Wars involving LaosCategory:Wars involving Thailand Category:Wars involving the United States Category:Wars involving Vietnam Category:Laos –
Revised: Category: 20th century in Laos Category: Anti-communism Category:Cold War conflicts Category: Foreign relations of Laos Category:History of Laos Category:Hmong-American culture and history Category:Politics of Laos Category: Vietnam War Category:Wars involving LaosCategory:Wars involving Thailand Category:Wars involving the United States Category:Wars involving Vietnam Category:Laos –
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Category: Revolution-based civil wars Category: 20th century in Laos Category: Anti-communism Category:Cold War conflicts Category: Foreign relations of Laos Category:History of Laos Category:Hmong-American culture and history Category:Politics of Laos Category: Vietnam War Category:Wars involving LaosCategory:Wars involving Thailand Category:Wars involving the United States Category:Wars involving Vietnam Category:Laos –
Revised: Category: Revolution-based civil wars Category: 20th century in Laos Category: Foreign relations of Laos Category:History of Laos Category:Hmong-American culture and history Category:Politics of Laos Category: Vietnam War Category:Wars involving LaosCategory:Wars involving Thailand Category:Wars involving the United States Category:Wars involving Vietnam Category:Laos –
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Category: Revolution-based civil wars Category: 20th century in Laos Category: Anti-communism Category:Cold War conflicts Category: Foreign relations of Laos Category:History of Laos Category:Hmong-American culture and history Category:Politics of Laos Category: Vietnam War Category:Wars involving LaosCategory:Wars involving Thailand Category:Wars involving the United States Category:Wars involving Vietnam Category:Laos –
Revised: Category: Revolution-based civil wars Category: 20th century in Laos Category: Anti-communism Category:Cold War conflicts Category: Foreign relations of Laos Category:History of Laos Category:Hmong-American culture and history Category:Politics of Laos Category: Laos –
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Thus, at lower oxygen saturation, more carbon dioxide is carried in this carbaminohemoglobin . This increase in carrying capacity for carbon dioxide in low oxygen levels explains the Haldane effect.
Revised:  Thus, at lower oxygen saturation, more carbaminohemoglobin is formed. These dynamics explain the relative difference in hemoglobin's affinity for carbon dioxide in low oxygen levels explains the Haldane effect.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: The Haldane effect is a property of hemoglobin first described by John Scott Haldane . Oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces carbon dioxide from hemoglobin which increases the removal of carbon dioxide .
Revised: The Haldane effect is a property of hemoglobin first described by John Scott Haldane , within which oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces carbon dioxide from hemoglobin which increases the removal of carbon dioxide .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces carbon dioxide from hemoglobin which increases the removal of carbon dioxide . This property is the Haldane effect . Consequently, oxygenated blood has a reduced affinity for carbon dioxide.
Revised:  Oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces carbon dioxide from hemoglobin which increases the removal of carbon dioxide . Consequently, oxygenated blood has a reduced affinity for carbon dioxide.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: Events The violence began in 1958 with the 1958 Grozny riots, starting as a conflict between a Russian sailor and an Ingush youngster over a girl (a fiance of the Ingush yougster ), in which the Russian was fatally injured.
Revised: Events The violence began in 1958 with the 1958 Grozny riots, starting as a conflict between a Russian sailor and an Ingush youngster over a girl (a fiancé of the Ingush yougster ), in which the Russian was fatally injured.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Events The violence began in 1958 with the 1958 Grozny riots, starting as a conflict between a Russian sailor and an Ingush youngster over a girl (a fiance of the Ingush yougster ), in which the Russian was fatally injured.
Revised: Events The violence began in 1958 with the 1958 Grozny riots, starting as a conflict between a Russian sailor and an Ingush youngster over a girl (a fiance of the Ingush youngster ), in which the Russian was fatally injured.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  On June 12, 1989 Christina Orr-Cahall, the director of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, cancelled “ The Perfect Moment, ” which was scheduled to open there on June 30.
Revised:  On June 12, 1989 Christina Orr-Cahall, the director of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, cancelled The Perfect Moment, ” which was scheduled to open there on June 30.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  On June 12, 1989 Christina Orr-Cahall, the director of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, cancelled “ The Perfect Moment, ” which was scheduled to open there on June 30.
Revised:  On June 12, 1989 Christina Orr-Cahall, the director of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, cancelled “ The Perfect Moment, which was scheduled to open there on June 30.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Censorship In March 1990, anti-pornography advocates in Cincinnati Ohio, the Citizens for Community Values, launched a campaign to pressure the Contemporary Arts Center (CAC) to cancel “ The Perfect Moment.
Revised:  Censorship In March 1990, anti-pornography advocates in Cincinnati Ohio, the Citizens for Community Values, launched a campaign to pressure the Contemporary Arts Center (CAC) to cancel The Perfect Moment.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  ” Cincinnati law enforcement ordered four hundred visitors from the museum to leave while they videotaped Mapplethorpe's photographs as evidence to support obscenity charges brought against Dennis Barrie, the director of the CAC, and against the CAC.
Revised:  Cincinnati law enforcement ordered four hundred visitors from the museum to leave while they videotaped Mapplethorpe's photographs as evidence to support obscenity charges brought against Dennis Barrie, the director of the CAC, and against the CAC.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  ” Cincinnati law enforcement ordered four hundred visitors from the museum to leave while they videotaped Mapplethorpe's photographs as evidence to support obscenity charges brought against Dennis Barrie, the director of the CAC, and against the CAC.
Revised:  ” Cincinnati law enforcement ordered 400 visitors from the museum to leave while they videotaped Mapplethorpe's photographs as evidence to support obscenity charges brought against Dennis Barrie, the director of the CAC, and against the CAC.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Category:1975 births Category:2017 deaths Category: People from Lake Worth Beach, Florida Category:Baseball players from Florida Category:  Colorado Rockies players Category: Philadelphia Phillies players Category:Major League Baseball pitchers Category: Bridgeport Bluefish players Category:Atlantic City Surf players Category:Palm Beach State College alumn
Revised: Category:1975 births Category:2017 deaths Category: Atlantic City Surf players Category:Baseball players from Florida Category: Colorado Rockies players Category: Philadelphia Phillies players Category:Major League Baseball pitchers Category: Bridgeport Bluefish players Category:Atlantic City Surf players Category:Palm Beach State College alumn
Edit intent: coherence