wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  Unlike NMT, the attention-aware inference of NAS requires the prediction of the optimal attention distribution. Therefore, an attention-prediction model is constructed to learn the dependency between attention weights and sources.
Revised:  Unlike NMT, NAS is not based on one-to-one transformation. Instead, its attention distribution for the input should be irregular and depend on the content layout of the source documents. To address this matter, we construct an attention-prediction model is constructed to learn the dependency between attention weights and sources.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Therefore, an attention-prediction model is constructed to learn the dependency between attention weights and sources. To apply the attention-aware inference on multi-document summarization, a Hierarchical Transformer (HT) is developed to accept lengthy inputs at the same time project cross-document information. Experiments on WikiSum \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD liu2018generating By refining the regular beam search with the attention-aware inference , significant improvements on the quality of summaries could be further observed.
Revised:  Therefore, an attention-prediction model is constructed to learn the dependency between the optimal attention distribution and the source. By refining the regular beam search with the attention-aware inference , significant improvements on the quality of summaries could be further observed.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Experiments on WikiSum \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD liu2018generating By refining the regular beam search with the attention-aware inference , significant improvements on the quality of summaries could be further observed.
Revised:  Experiments on WikiSum \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD liu2018generating By refining the vanilla beam search with the attention-aware inference , significant improvements on the quality of summaries could be further observed.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Experiments on WikiSum \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD liu2018generating By refining the regular beam search with the attention-aware inference , significant improvements on the quality of summaries could be further observed.
Revised:  Experiments on WikiSum \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD liu2018generating By refining the regular beam search with the attention-aware mechanism , significant improvements on the quality of summaries could be further observed.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Experiments on WikiSum \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD liu2018generating By refining the regular beam search with the attention-aware inference , significant improvements on the quality of summaries could be further observed.
Revised:  Experiments on WikiSum \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD liu2018generating By refining the regular beam search with the attention-aware inference , significant improvements on the quality of summaries could be observed.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Inspired by Google's Neural Machine Translation (NMT) that models the one-to-one alignment in translation tasks with an uniform attention distribution during the inference, this study proposes an attention-aware inference algorithm for Neural Abstractive Summarization (NAS) to regulate generated summaries to attend to source contents with the optimal coverage.
Revised: This paper proposes a novel inference algorithm for Neural Abstractive Summarization (NAS) to regulate generated summaries to attend to source contents with the optimal coverage.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Inspired by Google's Neural Machine Translation (NMT) that models the one-to-one alignment in translation tasks with an uniform attention distribution during the inference, this study proposes an attention-aware inference algorithm for Neural Abstractive Summarization (NAS) to regulate generated summaries to attend to source contents with the optimal coverage. Unlike NMT, NAS is not based on one-to-one transformation. Instead, its attention distribution for the input should be irregular and depend on the content layout of the source documents. To address this matter, we construct an attention-prediction model to learn the dependency between the optimal attention distribution and the source . By refining the vanilla beam searchwith the attention-aware mechanism, significant improvements on the quality of summaries could be observed.
Revised: Inspired by Google's Neural Machine Translation (NMT) that models the one-to-one alignment in translation tasks with an uniform attention distribution during the inference, this study proposes an attention-aware inference algorithm for seq-to-seq models. It corrects beam search step-by-step via the optimal attention distribution to make the generated text attend to source tokens in a controlled way. Experiments show the proposed attention-aware mechanism, significant improvements on the quality of summaries could be observed.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  By refining the vanilla beam searchwith the attention-aware mechanism, significant improvements on the quality of summaries could be observed. Last but not the least, the attention-aware inference has strong universality that can be easily adopted to different hierarchical summarization models to promote the models' performance .
Revised:  By refining the vanilla beam searchwith the attention-aware inference produces summaries rather differently from the beam search, and achieves promising improvements of higher scores and greater conciseness. The algorithm is also proven robust as it remains to outperform beam search significantly even with corrupted attention distributions .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: This paper proposes a novel inference algorithm for seq-to-seq models. It corrects beam search step-by-step via the optimal attention distribution to make the generated text attend to source tokens in a controlled way.
Revised: This study develops a calibrated beam-based algorithm with global awareness for neural abstractive summarization, aiming to improve the local optimality problem of the original beam search in a rigorous way. Specifically, a novel global protocol is proposed based on the attention distribution to make the generated text attend to source tokens in a controlled way.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  It corrects beam search step-by-step via the optimal attention distribution to make the generated text attend to source tokens in a controlled way. Experiments show the proposed attention-aware inferenceproduces summaries rather differently from the beam search , and achieves promising improvements of higher scores and greater conciseness.
Revised:  It corrects beam search step-by-step via the optimal attention distribution to stipulate how a global optimal hypothesis should attend to the source. A global scoring function is then developed to regulate beam search to generate summaries in a more near-global optimal fashion. This novel design enjoys a distinctive property, i.e. the global attention distribution could be predicted before inference, enabling stepwise improvements on the beam search , and achieves promising improvements of higher scores and greater conciseness.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Experiments show the proposed attention-aware inferenceproduces summaries rather differently from the beam search , and achieves promising improvements of higher scores and greater conciseness.
Revised:  Experiments show the proposed attention-aware inferenceproduces summaries rather differently from the beam search through the global scoring function. Extensive experiments on 9 datasets show that the global-aware inference significantly improves state-of-the-art summarization models even using empirical hyper-parameters.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Here, using maritime traffic data , collected via a global network of Automatic Identification System (AIS ) receivers, we analyze the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic and the containment measures had on the shipping industry, which accounts alone for more than 80\% of the world trade.
Revised:  Here, using maritime traffic data collected via a global network of Automatic Identification System (AIS ) receivers, we analyze the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic and the containment measures had on the shipping industry, which accounts alone for more than 80\% of the world trade.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Here, using maritime traffic data , collected via a global network of Automatic Identification System (AIS ) receivers, we analyze the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic and the containment measures had on the shipping industry, which accounts alone for more than 80\% of the world trade.
Revised:  Here, using maritime traffic data , collected via a global network of AIS receivers, we analyze the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic and the containment measures had on the shipping industry, which accounts alone for more than 80\% of the world trade.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Here, using maritime traffic data , collected via a global network of Automatic Identification System (AIS ) receivers, we analyze the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic and the containment measures had on the shipping industry, which accounts alone for more than 80\% of the world trade.
Revised:  Here, using maritime traffic data , collected via a global network of Automatic Identification System (AIS ) receivers, we analyze the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures had on the shipping industry, which accounts alone for more than 80\% of the world trade.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The mobility index calculation used in this study, has a worldwide extent and is based on the computation of cumulative navigated miles (CNM ) of all ships reporting their position and navigational status via AIS . We compare 2020 mobility levels to those of previous years assuming that an unchanged growth rate would have been achieved, if not for COVID-19.
Revised:  The mobility analysis here presented has a worldwide extent and is based on the computation of cumulative navigated miles (CNM ) of all ships reporting their position and navigational status via AIS . We compare 2020 mobility levels to those of previous years assuming that an unchanged growth rate would have been achieved, if not for COVID-19.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The mobility index calculation used in this study, has a worldwide extent and is based on the computation of cumulative navigated miles (CNM ) of all ships reporting their position and navigational status via AIS . We compare 2020 mobility levels to those of previous years assuming that an unchanged growth rate would have been achieved, if not for COVID-19.
Revised:  The mobility index calculation used in this study, has a worldwide extent and is based on the computation of : CNM of all ships reporting their position and navigational status via AIS . We compare 2020 mobility levels to those of previous years assuming that an unchanged growth rate would have been achieved, if not for COVID-19.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The mobility index calculation used in this study, has a worldwide extent and is based on the computation of cumulative navigated miles (CNM ) of all ships reporting their position and navigational status via AIS . We compare 2020 mobility levels to those of previous years assuming that an unchanged growth rate would have been achieved, if not for COVID-19.
Revised:  The mobility index calculation used in this study, has a worldwide extent and is based on the computation of cumulative navigated miles (CNM ) of all ships reporting their position and navigational status via AIS , number of active and idle ships, and fleet average speed. To highlight significant changes in shipping routes and operational patterns, we also compute and compare global and local density maps. We compare 2020 mobility levels to those of previous years assuming that an unchanged growth rate would have been achieved, if not for COVID-19.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The reduced activity is observable from March to June, when the most severe restrictions were in force , producing a variation of mobility quantified between -5.62\% and -13.77\% for container ships, between +2.28\% and -3.32\% for dry bulk, between -0.22\% and -9.27\% for wet bulk, and between -19.57\% and -42.77\% for passenger shipping.
Revised:  With few exceptions, a generally reduced activity is observable from March to June, when the most severe restrictions were in force , producing a variation of mobility quantified between -5.62\% and -13.77\% for container ships, between +2.28\% and -3.32\% for dry bulk, between -0.22\% and -9.27\% for wet bulk, and between -19.57\% and -42.77\% for passenger shipping.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The reduced activity is observable from March to June, when the most severe restrictions were in force , producing a variation of mobility quantified between -5.62\% and -13.77\% for container ships, between +2.28\% and -3.32\% for dry bulk, between -0.22\% and -9.27\% for wet bulk, and between -19.57\% and -42.77\% for passenger shipping.
Revised:  The reduced activity is observable from March to June, when the most severe restrictions were in force . We quantify a variation of mobility quantified between -5.62\% and -13.77\% for container ships, between +2.28\% and -3.32\% for dry bulk, between -0.22\% and -9.27\% for wet bulk, and between -19.57\% and -42.77\% for passenger shipping.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The reduced activity is observable from March to June, when the most severe restrictions were in force , producing a variation of mobility quantified between -5.62\% and -13.77\% for container ships, between +2.28\% and -3.32\% for dry bulk, between -0.22\% and -9.27\% for wet bulk, and between -19.57\% and -42.77\% for passenger shipping.
Revised:  The reduced activity is observable from March to June, when the most severe restrictions were in force , producing a variation of mobility between -5.62\% and -13.77\% for container ships, between +2.28\% and -3.32\% for dry bulk, between -0.22\% and -9.27\% for wet bulk, and between -19.57\% and -42.77\% for passenger shipping.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The reduced activity is observable from March to June, when the most severe restrictions were in force , producing a variation of mobility quantified between -5.62\% and -13.77\% for container ships, between +2.28\% and -3.32\% for dry bulk, between -0.22\% and -9.27\% for wet bulk, and between -19.57\% and -42.77\% for passenger shipping. The presented study is unprecedented for the uniqueness and completeness of the employed AIS dataset, which comprises a trillion AIS messages broadcast worldwide by 50000 ships, a figure that closely parallels the documented size of the world merchant fleet.
Revised:  The reduced activity is observable from March to June, when the most severe restrictions were in force , producing a variation of mobility quantified between -5.62\% and -13.77\% for container ships, between +2.28\% and -3.32\% for dry bulk, between -0.22\% and -9.27\% for wet bulk, and between -19.57\% and -42.77\% for passenger traffic. This study is unprecedented for the uniqueness and completeness of the employed AIS dataset, which comprises a trillion AIS messages broadcast worldwide by 50000 ships, a figure that closely parallels the documented size of the world merchant fleet.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The presented study is unprecedented for the uniqueness and completeness of the employed AIS dataset, which comprises a trillion AIS messages broadcast worldwide by 50000 ships, a figure that closely parallels the documented size of the world merchant fleet.
Revised:  The presented study is unprecedented for the uniqueness and completeness of the employed dataset, which comprises a trillion AIS messages broadcast worldwide by 50000 ships, a figure that closely parallels the documented size of the world merchant fleet.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Traditional and ubiquitous response formats such as Likert and Visual Analogue Scales require condensation of responses into discrete or point values-but sometimes a range of options may better represent the correct answer.
Revised:  Traditional and ubiquitous response formats such as Likert and Visual Analogue Scales require condensation of responses into discrete point values - but sometimes a range of options may better represent the correct answer.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We discuss its potential in the context of survey research, describing how this approach can capture and quantify valuable information arising from multiple sources of response uncertainty-which would be lost using conventional approaches--while preserving a high degree of response-efficiency.
Revised:  We discuss its potential in the context of survey research, describing how this approach can capture and quantify valuable information that would be lost using conventional approaches--while preserving a high degree of response-efficiency.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We discuss its potential in the context of survey research, describing how this approach can capture and quantify valuable information arising from multiple sources of response uncertainty-which would be lost using conventional approaches--while preserving a high degree of response-efficiency.
Revised:  We discuss its potential in the context of survey research, describing how this approach can capture and quantify valuable information arising from multiple sources of response uncertainty-which would be lost using conventional approaches, while preserving a high degree of response-efficiency.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:   We then report a validation study, which utilizes our recently introduced open-source software (DECSYS) to administer an electronic interval-valued survey.
Revised:  The information captured by the response interval may represent a possible response range - i.e., a conjunctive set, such as the real numbers between three and six. Alternatively, it may reflect uncertainty in respect to a distinct response - i.e., a disjunctive set, such as a confidence interval. We then report a validation study, which utilizes our recently introduced open-source software (DECSYS) to administer an electronic interval-valued survey.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:   We then report a validation study, which utilizes our recently introduced open-source software (DECSYS) to administer an electronic interval-valued survey. This is designed to explore how interval-values reflect experimental manipulations of response (un)certainty across multiple contexts.
Revised:  We then report a validation study, which utilizes our recently introduced open-source software (DECSYS) to administer an electronic interval-valued survey responses reflect experimental manipulations of response (un)certainty across multiple contexts.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Results consistently indicated that respondents used interval widths effectively-to communicate uncertainty (e.g. lack of available information), ambiguity (e.g. lack of clarity in question phrasing), and inherent variability in their responses.
Revised:  Results consistently indicate that respondents used interval widths effectively-to communicate uncertainty (e.g. lack of available information), ambiguity (e.g. lack of clarity in question phrasing), and inherent variability in their responses.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Interestingly, intervals also provided insight into respondents' reasoning about different types of uncertainties, suggesting a tendency to underestimate lack of available information relative to observable variability when making a stimulus judgement .
Revised:  Interestingly, our results also provide insight into respondents' reasoning about different types of uncertainties, suggesting a tendency to underestimate lack of available information relative to observable variability when making a stimulus judgement .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Interestingly, intervals also provided insight into respondents' reasoning about different types of uncertainties, suggesting a tendency to underestimate lack of available information relative to observable variability when making a stimulus judgement .
Revised:  Interestingly, intervals also provided insight into respondents' reasoning about the different aforementioned types of intervals - we replicate a tendency towards overconfidence for those representing epistemic uncertainty (i.e., disjunctive sets), but find intervals representing inherent range (i.e., conjunctive sets) to be well-calibrated .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Conventional sparse retrieval methods such as TF-IDF and BM25 are simple and efficient, but solely rely on lexical overlap without semantic matching. Recent dense retrieval methods learn latent representations to tackle the lexical mismatch problem, while being more computationally expensive and insufficient for exact matching as they embed the text sequence into a single vector with limited capacity. In this paper, we present Generation-Augmented Retrieval (GAR) , a query expansion method that augments a query with relevant contexts through text generation  .
Revised: We propose Generation-Augmented Retrieval (GAR) , a query expansion method that augments a query with relevant contexts through text generation .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We demonstrate on open-domain question answering that the generated contexts significantly enrich the semantics of the queries and thus GAR with sparse representations (BM25) achieves comparable or better performance than the state-of-the-art dense  methods such as DPR \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD karpukhin2020dense .
Revised:  We demonstrate that the generated contexts significantly enrich the semantics of the queries and thus GAR with sparse representations (BM25) achieves comparable or better performance than the state-of-the-art dense methods such as DPR \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD karpukhin2020dense .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We demonstrate on open-domain question answering that the generated contexts significantly enrich the semantics of the queries and thus GAR with sparse representations (BM25) achieves comparable or better performance than the state-of-the-art dense  methods such as DPR \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD karpukhin2020dense .
Revised:  We demonstrate on open-domain question answering that the generated contexts substantially enrich the semantics of the queries and thus GAR with sparse representations (BM25) achieves comparable or better performance than the state-of-the-art dense methods such as DPR \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD karpukhin2020dense .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We demonstrate on open-domain question answering that the generated contexts significantly enrich the semantics of the queries and thus GAR with sparse representations (BM25) achieves comparable or better performance than the state-of-the-art dense  methods such as DPR \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD karpukhin2020dense .
Revised:  We demonstrate on open-domain question answering that the generated contexts significantly enrich the semantics of the queries and GAR with sparse representations (BM25) achieves comparable or better performance than the state-of-the-art dense methods such as DPR \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD karpukhin2020dense .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  We demonstrate on open-domain question answering that the generated contexts significantly enrich the semantics of the queries and thus GAR with sparse representations (BM25) achieves comparable or better performance than the state-of-the-art dense  methods such as DPR \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD karpukhin2020dense .
Revised:  We demonstrate on open-domain question answering that the generated contexts significantly enrich the semantics of the queries and thus GAR with sparse representations (BM25) achieves comparable or better performance than state-of-the-art dense methods such as DPR \mbox{%DIFAUXCMD karpukhin2020dense .
Edit intent: fluency