wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  Therefore, the most probable derivation of the term "nifo'oti" stems from the resemblance of the weapon's hook to the curved horn ("nifo  ) of a goat ( 'oti ), or from the serrated teeth ("nifo") that formed the weapon's cutting edge ('oti).
Revised:  Therefore, the most probable derivation of the term "nifo'oti" stems from the resemblance of the weapon's hook to the curved horn ("nifo ) of a goat ( "'oti" ), or from the serrated teeth ("nifo") that formed the weapon's cutting edge ('oti).
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  After many cuts, burns, and narrow escapes  he was able to perfect this dance  to the point where he performed it nightly at clubs and shows throughout , not only the San Francisco area but the entire country.
Revised:  After many cuts, burns, and narrow escapes , he was able to perfect this dance to the point where he performed it nightly at clubs and shows throughout , not only the San Francisco area but the entire country.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  After many cuts, burns, and narrow escapes  he was able to perfect this dance  to the point where he performed it nightly at clubs and shows throughout , not only the San Francisco area but the entire country.
Revised:  After many cuts, burns, and narrow escapes he was able to perfect this dance , to the point where he performed it nightly at clubs and shows throughout , not only the San Francisco area but the entire country.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  After many cuts, burns, and narrow escapes  he was able to perfect this dance  to the point where he performed it nightly at clubs and shows throughout , not only the San Francisco area but the entire country.
Revised:  After many cuts, burns, and narrow escapes he was able to perfect this dance to the point where he performed it nightly at clubs and shows throughout not only the San Francisco area but the entire country.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  His dances were done all around San Francisco and even in Florida before he returned to Samoa to bring this part of the Samoan Culture that was unheard of until he preformed. The crowd , that came to find out what he had discovered about Samoa, in America were frightened when they saw him whirling the fire.
Revised:  The crowd in America, which came to find out what he had discovered about Samoa, in America were frightened when they saw him whirling the fire.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He was rewarded for the notices and tourist he encouraged to visit his beloved homeland with the High Chief Title, A'e, from the HEAD OF STATE Malietoa Tanumafili II , As you can see now from what Mrs.
Revised:  He was rewarded for the notices and tourists he encouraged to visit his beloved homeland with the High Chief Title, A'e, from the HEAD OF STATE Malietoa Tanumafili II , As you can see now from what Mrs.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He was rewarded for the notices and tourist he encouraged to visit his beloved homeland with the High Chief Title, A'e, from the HEAD OF STATE Malietoa Tanumafili II , As you can see now from what Mrs.
Revised:  He was rewarded for the notices and tourist he encouraged to visit his beloved homeland with the High Chief Title, A'e, from the head of state Malietoa Tanumafili II , As you can see now from what Mrs.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He was rewarded for the notices and tourist he encouraged to visit his beloved homeland with the High Chief Title, A'e, from the HEAD OF STATE Malietoa Tanumafili II , As you can see now from what Mrs.
Revised:  He was rewarded for the notices and tourist he encouraged to visit his beloved homeland with the High Chief Title, A'e, from the HEAD OF STATE Malietoa Tanumafili II . Mrs.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Tavita Vaoifi wrote, after being married to him for 12 years,  1979 until his death in 1991 , from Cyclone Val, the information about fire not being a part of the "Fireknife Dance" until 1946 is a mistake. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% . , That is added to the knife Tin 1946 by a Samoan knife dancer named Freddie Letuli, later to become Paramount Chief Letuli Olo Misilagi.
Revised:  Tavita Vaoifi wrote, after being married to him for 12 years, from 1979 until his death in 1991 , from Cyclone Val, the information about fire not being a part of the "Fireknife Dance" until 1946 is a mistake. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% . , That is added to the knife Tin 1946 by a Samoan knife dancer named Freddie Letuli, later to become Paramount Chief Letuli Olo Misilagi.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Tavita Vaoifi wrote, after being married to him for 12 years,  1979 until his death in 1991 , from Cyclone Val, the information about fire not being a part of the "Fireknife Dance" until 1946 is a mistake. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% . , That is added to the knife Tin 1946 by a Samoan knife dancer named Freddie Letuli, later to become Paramount Chief Letuli Olo Misilagi.
Revised:  Tavita Vaoifi wrote, after being married to him for 12 years, 1979 until his death in 1991 from Cyclone Val, the information about fire not being a part of the "Fireknife Dance" until 1946 is a mistake. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% . , That is added to the knife Tin 1946 by a Samoan knife dancer named Freddie Letuli, later to become Paramount Chief Letuli Olo Misilagi.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Tavita Vaoifi wrote, after being married to him for 12 years,  1979 until his death in 1991 , from Cyclone Val, the information about fire not being a part of the "Fireknife Dance" until 1946 is a mistake. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% . , That is added to the knife Tin 1946 by a Samoan knife dancer named Freddie Letuli, later to become Paramount Chief Letuli Olo Misilagi.
Revised:  Tavita Vaoifi wrote, after being married to him for 12 years, 1979 until his death in 1991 , from Cyclone Val, the information about fire not being a part of the "Fireknife Dance" until 1946 is a mistake. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% That is added to the knife Tin 1946 by a Samoan knife dancer named Freddie Letuli, later to become Paramount Chief Letuli Olo Misilagi.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The Hispanic Marches or Spanish Marches (, , Aragonese and , , ), also known as the March of Barcelona, were a military buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania, established by Charlemagne in 795 as a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus and the Frankish Carolingian Empire (Duchy of Gascony, the Duchy of Aquitaine and Carolingian Septimania).
Revised:  The Hispanic March or Spanish March (, , Aragonese and , , ), also known as the March of Barcelona, were a military buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania, established by Charlemagne in 795 as a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus and the Frankish Carolingian Empire (Duchy of Gascony, the Duchy of Aquitaine and Carolingian Septimania).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The Hispanic Marches or Spanish Marches (, , Aragonese and , , ), also known as the March of Barcelona, were a military buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania, established by Charlemagne in 795 as a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus and the Frankish Carolingian Empire (Duchy of Gascony, the Duchy of Aquitaine and Carolingian Septimania).
Revised:  The Hispanic Marches or Spanish Marches (, , Aragonese and , , ), also known as the March of Barcelona, was a military buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania, established by Charlemagne in 795 as a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus and the Frankish Carolingian Empire (Duchy of Gascony, the Duchy of Aquitaine and Carolingian Septimania).
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It included Basques in its north-western valleys, Jews,On the Role of the Jews in the Establishment of the Hispanic Marches (768-814) : STUDIES IN THE HISTORY, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE OF. / Bachrach, Bernard S. and a large Occitano-Romance-speaking Hispano-Roman population (Occitans and Catalans) governed by the Visigothic Code, all of them under the influence of Al-Andalus culture, since their lords had vowed allegiance to Cordoban rulers until Pepin's conquest of Andalusian Septimania (759).
Revised:  It included Basques in its north-western valleys, Jews,On the Role of the Jews in the Establishment of the Hispanic March (768-814) : STUDIES IN THE HISTORY, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE OF. / Bachrach, Bernard S. and a large Occitano-Romance-speaking Hispano-Roman population (Occitans and Catalans) governed by the Visigothic Code, all of them under the influence of Al-Andalus culture, since their lords had vowed allegiance to Cordoban rulers until Pepin's conquest of Andalusian Septimania (759).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Counties that at various times formed part of the Marches included: Ribagorza (initially including Pallars), Urgell, Cerdanya, Perelada, Empúries, Besalú, Ausona (Osona), Barcelona, Girona (March of Hispania) and, Conflent, Roussillon, Vallespir and Fenollet (March of Gothia).
Revised:  Counties that at various times formed part of the March included: Ribagorza (initially including Pallars), Urgell, Cerdanya, Perelada, Empúries, Besalú, Ausona (Osona), Barcelona, Girona (March of Hispania) and, Conflent, Roussillon, Vallespir and Fenollet (March of Gothia).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  While Navarre and Aragon have sometimes been depicted within the Hispanic Marches , they were not part of it, but they came under the Carolingian area of influence between 794 and 806 within the Basque (also rendered as "Gascon") marches, or Duchy of Vasconia.
Revised:  While Navarre and Aragon have sometimes been depicted within the Hispanic March , they were not part of it, but they came under the Carolingian area of influence between 794 and 806 within the Basque (also rendered as "Gascon") marches, or Duchy of Vasconia.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Origins Marca Hispanica and Gothia The Hispanic Marches resulted from the expansion south of the Frankish realm from their heartland in Neustria and Austrasia starting with Charles Martel in 732 and after various decades fighting between the Franks and Umayyads (Saraceni) in the Iberian Peninsula.
Revised:  Origins Marca Hispanica and Gothia The Hispanic March resulted from the expansion south of the Frankish realm from their heartland in Neustria and Austrasia starting with Charles Martel in 732 and after various decades fighting between the Franks and Umayyads (Saraceni) in the Iberian Peninsula.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  After being defeated by the Moors in the 816 Battle of Pancorbo, Pamplona, now led by the native Basque lord Iñigo Arista, broke away from the Hispanic Marches , with the County of Aragon following suit shortly thereafter in 820.
Revised:  After being defeated by the Moors in the 816 Battle of Pancorbo, Pamplona, now led by the native Basque lord Iñigo Arista, broke away from the Hispanic March , with the County of Aragon following suit shortly thereafter in 820.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The Counts of Barcelona then became the principal representatives of Frankish authority in the Hispanic Marches. The Marches included various outlying smaller territories, each ruled by a lesser miles with his armed retainers and who theoretically owed allegiance through the Count to the Emperor.
Revised:  The Counts of Barcelona then became the principal representatives of Frankish authority in the Hispanic March. The March included various outlying smaller territories, each ruled by a lesser miles with his armed retainers and who theoretically owed allegiance through the Count to the Emperor.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The early history of Andorra in the Pyrenees provides a fairly typical example of a lordship of the region, and is the only modern survivor of the Hispanic Marches that has not been incorporated into either France or Spain.
Revised:  The early history of Andorra in the Pyrenees provides a fairly typical example of a lordship of the region, and is the only modern survivor of the Hispanic March that has not been incorporated into either France or Spain.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:    Systematic selection for applications requiring multiple criteria is more complex.
Revised:  It is essential that a designer should have a thorough knowledge of the properties of the materials and their behavior under working conditions. Some of the important characteristics of materials are : strength, durability, flexibility, weight, resistance to heat and corrosion, ability to cast, welded or hardened, machinability, electrical conductivity, etc.General Considerations of Machine Design, Mechanical Engineering Community Systematic selection for applications requiring multiple criteria is more complex.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  For example, a rod which should be stiff and light requires a material with high Young's modulus and low density . If the rod will be pulled in tension, the specific modulus, or modulus divided by density , will determine the best material.
Revised:  For example, a rod which should be stiff and light requires a material with high Young's modulus and low density indicates the best material, whereas for a plate the cube root of stiffness divided by density , will determine the best material.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  If the rod will be pulled in tension, the specific modulus, or modulus divided by density , will determine the best material. But because a plate's bending stiffness scales as its thickness cubed , the best material for a stiff and light plate is determined by the cube root of stiffness divided by density .
Revised:  If the rod will be pulled in tension, the specific modulus, or modulus divided by density is the best indicator, since a plate's bending stiffness scales as its thickness cubed , the best material for a stiff and light plate is determined by the cube root of stiffness divided by density .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  But because a plate's bending stiffness scales as its thickness cubed , the best material for a stiff and light plate is determined by the cube root of stiffness divided by density .
Revised:  But because a plate's bending stiffness scales as its thickness cubed . Similarly, again considering both stiffness and lightness, for a rod that will be pulled in tension the specific modulus, or modulus divided by density .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  But because a plate's bending stiffness scales as its thickness cubed , the best material for a stiff and light plate is determined by the cube root of stiffness divided by density . For a stiff beam in bending the material index is  .  Ashby plots Plot of Young  modulus vs density.
Revised:  But because a plate's bending stiffness scales as its thickness cubed , the best material for a stiff and light plate is determined by the cube root of stiffness divided by density should be considered, whereas for a beam that will be subject to bending, the material index is . Ashby plots Plot of Young modulus vs density.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  For a stiff beam in bending the material index is  .  Ashby plots Plot of Young  modulus vs density.
Revised:  For a stiff beam in bending the material index is . Reality often presents limitations, and the utilitarian factor must be taken in consideration. The cost of the ideal material, depending on shape, size and composition, may be prohibitive, and the demand, the commonality of frequently utilized and known items, its characteristics and even the region of the market dictate its availability. Ashby plots Plot of Young modulus vs density.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Cost issues Cost of materials plays a very significant role in their selection. The most straightforward way to weight cost against properties is to develop a monetary metric for properties of parts. For example, life cycle assessment can show that the net present value of reducing the weight of a car by 1 kg averages around $5, so material substitution which reduces the weight of a car can cost up to $5 per kilogram of weight reduction more than the original material. However, the geography- and time-dependence of energy, maintenance and other operating costs, and variation in discount rates and usage patterns (distance driven per year in this example) between individuals, means that there is no single correct number for this. For commercial aircraft, this number is closer to $450/kg, and for spacecraft, launch costs around $20,000/kg dominate selection decisions.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Thus as energy prices have increased and technology has improved, automobiles have substituted increasing amounts of light weight magnesium and aluminium alloys for steel, aircraft are substituting carbon fiber reinforced plastic and titanium alloys for aluminium, and satellites have long been made out of exotic composite materials.
Revised:  Thus as energy prices have increased and technology has improved, automobiles have substituted increasing amounts of lightweight magnesium and aluminium alloys for steel, aircraft are substituting carbon fiber reinforced plastic and titanium alloys for aluminium, and satellites have long been made out of exotic composite materials.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Example A common method for choosing an appropriate material is an “Ashby chart”. By plotting a performance index for a specific case of loading on the Ashby chart, a material with maximum performance can be selected.
Revised:  General method for using an Ashby chart Utilizing an "Ashby chart" is a common method for choosing the appropriate material. First, three different sets of variables are identified: Material variables are the inherent properties of a material such as density, modulus, yield stress, and many others. Free variables are quantities that can change during the loading cycle, for example, applied force. Design variables are limits imposed on the design, such as how thick the beam can be or how much it can deflect Next, an equation for the performance index is derived. This equation numerically quantifies how desirable the material will be for a specific situation. By convention, a higher performance index denotes a better material. Lastly, the performance index is plotted on the Ashby chart, a material with maximum performance can be selected.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  By plotting a performance index for a specific case of loading on the Ashby chart, a material with maximum performance can be selected. The performance index takes into consideration the dimensional constraints, material constraints, and free variable constraints of a specific application. The following example will show the how to come up with the performance index and how to plot and interpret the Ashby chart.
Revised:  By plotting a performance index for a specific case of loading on the Ashby chart.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   This examplewill take into consideration a beam that will undergo two different loads with the goal of minimizing weight  .
Revised:  This examplewill take into consideration a beam that will undergo two different loads with the goal of minimizing weight Performance index during tension In the first situation the beam experiences two forces: the weight of gravity and tension . The material variables are density and strength . Assume that the length and tension are fixed, making them design variables. Lastly the cross sectional area is a free variable. The objective in this situation is to minimize the weight by choosing a material with the best combination of material variables .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The parameters for the beam can be organized into categories. These categories are material variables, which include density, modulus, and yield stress, free variables which are variables that can change during the loading cycle, for example applied force. The final category is design variables which usually are a limit of how thick the beam can be , how much it can deflect, or any other limiting factor for the specific application.
Revised:  The stress in the beam is measured as whereas weight is described by . Deriving a performance index requires that all free variables are removed, leaving only design variables and material variables. In this case that means that must be removed. The axial stress equation can be rearranged to give . Substituting this into the weight equation gives . Next, the material variables and design variables are grouped separately, giving .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  For this loading cycle, the stress in the beam is measured as , where is the load and is the cross sectional area. The weight is measure as  , where is the density, and is the length.
Revised:  Since both and are fixed, and since the goal is to minimize , then the ratio should be minimized. By convention, however, the performance index is always a quantity which should be maximized. Therefore, the resulting equation is , where is the density, and is the length.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The weight is measure as  , where is the density, and is the length. By looking at the equation, we see that for a fixed length of , the material variablesare and . There is one free variable , , and a variable that needs to be minimized, . In order to find the performance index, an equation for w in terms of fixed and material variables needs to be found.
Revised:  The weight is measure as , where is the density, and is the moment of inertia. This is shown in Figure 2. Using the weight equation above and solving for the free variables, the solution arrived at is , where is the length and is the height of the beam. Assuming that , , and a variable that needs to be minimized, . In order to find the performance index, an equation for w in terms of fixed and material variables needs to be found.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  There is one free variable , , and a variable that needs to be minimized, . In order to find the performance index, an equation for w in terms of fixed and material variables needs to be found.
Revised:  There is one free variable , , and are fixed design variables, the performance index for bending becomes . In order to find the performance index, an equation for w in terms of fixed and material variables needs to be found.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  There is one free variable , , and a variable that needs to be minimized, . In order to find the performance index, an equation for w in terms of fixed and material variables needs to be found. This means that the variable A has to somehow be replaced. By rearranging the axial stress equation , can be represented as . Substituting this into the weight equation, , gives an equation for weight that has only fixed and material variables   .
Revised:  There is one free variable , , and a variable that needs to be minimized, . 400px|center|Figure 2. Beam under bending stress. Trying to minimize weight .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  By rearranging the axial stress equation , can be represented as . Substituting this into the weight equation, , gives an equation for weight that has only fixed and material variables   .
Revised:  By rearranging the axial stress equation , can be represented as . Substituting this into the weight equation, , gives an equation for weight that has only fixed and material variables Selecting the best material overall At this point two performance indices that have been derived: for tension and for bending . The first step is to create a log-log plot and add all known materials in the appropriate locations. However, the performance index equations must be modified before being plotted on the log-log graph. .
Edit intent: meaning-changed