wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  rather than abstract models constructed to interpret certain selected abstract%DIFDELCMD < [%%% situational%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% relations between individuals.”%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Defense by Henryk Skolimowski (1930-2018) Skolimowski opened his contribution to The Philosophy of Karl Popper in 1974 with a quote from Popper's 1963 Conjectures and Refutations to highlight how central to Popper's philosophy was his situational logic.The quote asserts that great philosophers “tried to solve urgent and concrete problems” in their own “contemporary problem-situation.” Philosophers were great because of their “sensitivity to problems.” All reasoners are “students of problems.”.
Revised:  rather than abstract models constructed to interpret certain selected abstract%DIFDELCMD < [%%% situational%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% relations between individuals.”%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% 
Edit intent: coherence
Original: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Skolimowski's contribution reconstructed and analyzed the “knowledge-situation” that produced Popper's situational logic by applying that very logic. He located two distinct knowledge-situations in which Popper reacted against what he found to be breakdowns of philosophy.
Revised: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% 
Edit intent: coherence
Original: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% In the 1930s, Popper opposed positivists and empiricists in an academic context much like that in which Russell opposed the synthetic philosophy he attributed to Dewey: instrumentalism, positivism, historicism, holism. Popper rejected the instrumentalist effort to found new knowledge on inductive facts: “protocol statements depicting the ultimate components of the structure of the empirical world.” He replaced such continuing factors with conceptual but objective and testable units: conjectures and refutations.
Revised: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% 
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Skolimowski observed that, by the 1960s, Popper's knowledge-situation had changed. His minority position rejecting the ultimate reality of knowable natural kinds had become conventional wisdom—at least in philosophy if not in science. The instrumentalists had been defeated by those who followed Popper in basing knowledge on testability.
Revised: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% 
Edit intent: coherence
Original: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% In the 1960s Popper opposed philosophers like Thomas Kuhn, who tried to found new knowledge on the subjective popularity of conceptual frameworks, competing paradigms based on incompatible and untestable premises. Popper challenged such logical analysis by identifying three distinct kinds of objective knowledge as universal continuing factors crossing paradigms. They operate in distinct problem situations: 1)empirical facts and observations are known in a psychological world of material entities; 2) problems are analyzed using conjectures and refutations known in a sociological world of mental entities; 3) “ideas in the objective sense, that is the%DIFDELCMD < [%%% third%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% world of possible objects of thought or the world of objective contents of thought.
Revised: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < [%%% third%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% world of possible objects of thought or the world of objective contents of thought.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  3) “ideas in the objective sense, that is the%DIFDELCMD < [%%% third%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% world of possible objects of thought or the world of objective contents of thought.
Revised:  3) “ideas in the objective sense, that is the%DIFDELCMD < [%%% %DIFDELCMD < ] %%% world of possible objects of thought or the world of objective contents of thought.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  3) “ideas in the objective sense, that is the%DIFDELCMD < [%%% third%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% world of possible objects of thought or the world of objective contents of thought.
Revised:  3) “ideas in the objective sense, that is the%DIFDELCMD < [%%% third%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% situation of type C''. This situation is then analysed ''In a situation of type C, the appropriate thing to do is X.'' The rationality principle may then be called upon: ''agents always act appropriately to their situation'' Finally we have the explanadum: ''(therefore) A did X.''Koertge, N. (1975),
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Original:  " Skolimowski supported Popper's three worlds conjecture by rejecting the possibility of unchanging universal linguistic categories. “… if there are innate concepts (categories, linguistic universals%DIFDELCMD < [%%% defining properties%DIFDELCMD < ]%%% ), then there is no growth of concepts;
Revised:  " Skolimowski supported Popper's %DIFDELCMD < [%%% defining properties%DIFDELCMD < ]%%% ), then there is no growth of concepts;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  “… if there are innate concepts (categories, linguistic universals%DIFDELCMD < [%%% defining properties%DIFDELCMD < ]%%% ), then there is no growth of concepts;
Revised:  “… if there are innate concepts (categories, linguistic universals%DIFDELCMD < [%%% %DIFDELCMD < ]%%% ), then there is no growth of concepts;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  “… if there are innate concepts (categories, linguistic universals%DIFDELCMD < [%%% defining properties%DIFDELCMD < ]%%% ), then there is no growth of concepts; if there is growth of concepts, then there are no innate concepts; but in fact there is growth of concepts, therefore there are no innate concepts.”
Revised:  “… if there are innate concepts (categories, linguistic universals%DIFDELCMD < [%%% defining properties%DIFDELCMD < ]%%% Metaphysical Research Program for the Human Sciences", Inquiry, 18 (1975), 437–62.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Skolimowski followed his summary of agreements with Popper by criticizing Popper's effort to relate his world 2 and world 3. He argued that Popper had “failed to provide a theory of objective mind.” Popper's response to Skolimowski started with praising the accuracy of the latter's presentation of his own philosophy:“ Professor Skolimowski’s paper surprised me by the degree of his understanding of what has been so often misunderstood.”
Revised:  References Popper's response to Skolimowski started with praising the accuracy of the latter's presentation of his own philosophy:“ Professor Skolimowski’s paper surprised me by the degree of his understanding of what has been so often misunderstood.”
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  He argued that Popper had “failed to provide a theory of objective mind.” Popper's response to Skolimowski started with praising the accuracy of the latter's presentation of his own philosophy:“ Professor Skolimowski’s paper surprised me by the degree of his understanding of what has been so often misunderstood.” “Skolimowski’s summing up of my 'methodological period' again seems to me excellent.”. But his response to Skolimowski's critique finds his critic failing to understand.
Revised:  He argued that Popper had “failed to provide a theory of objective mind.” 
Edit intent: clarity
Original: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% The result is that Popper and Skolimowski—both experts in Popper's situational logic—ended up disagreeing over the defining properties of abstract entities for which operational tests appear to be impossible. These colleagues were no more able to reach consensus on situational logic able to produce reliable knowledge for instrumental problem solving than Dewey and Russell arguing from incompatible paradigms.
Revised: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Category:Philosophy of social science Category:Logic Category:Analysi
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Original:  The term  was coined by Gunther Eysenbach in 2004 for the first time along with coining, Infodemiology, a new branch of science-based research .
Revised:  The term , along with the term infodemiology, was coined by Gunther Eysenbach in 2004 for the first time along with coining, Infodemiology, a new branch of science-based research .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares   the results to the countries' official surveillance data .
Revised:  Infoveillance can detect disease outbreaks faster than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares the results to the countries' official surveillance data .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares   the results to the countries' official surveillance data .
Revised:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with minimal costs involved . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares the results to the countries' official surveillance data .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares   the results to the countries' official surveillance data .
Revised:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Types of infoveillance Infoveillance methods may be either passive or active. Traditional infoveillance data like search engine queries and website navigation behavior are considered passive, as they attempt to recognize trends automatically, without action (or often even awareness) on the part of the internet users who are generating the data for analysis. Active infoveillance occurs when users choose to respond to a survey, enter symptoms into a website or app, or otherwise participate directly in surveillance efforts by contributing additional information. the results to the countries' official surveillance data .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares   the results to the countries' official surveillance data .
Revised:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares Examples the results to the countries' official surveillance data .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares   the results to the countries' official surveillance data .
Revised:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares Google Health Trends Beginning in 2008, Google used aggregated search query data to detect influenza trends and compared the results to the countries' official surveillance data .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares   the results to the countries' official surveillance data .
Revised:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares the results to countries' official surveillance data .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares   the results to the countries' official surveillance data . The primary research behind the Google Flu Trend can be found in Ginsberg et al. 's work. In light of evidence  showing that Google Flu Trends was occasionally over-estimating flu rates, researchers have also proposed a series of more advanced and better-performing approaches to flu modeling from Google search queries.
Revised:  The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved, revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies . Google Flu Trends Google uses the query information to detect the flu trends and it compares the results to the countries' official surveillance data with the goal of predicting the spread of the flu. In light of evidence showing that Google Flu Trends was occasionally over-estimating flu rates, researchers have also proposed a series of more advanced and better-performing approaches to flu modeling from Google search queries.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  's work. In light of evidence  showing that Google Flu Trends was occasionally over-estimating flu rates, researchers have also proposed a series of more advanced and better-performing approaches to flu modeling from Google search queries.
Revised:  's work. In light of evidence that emerged in 2013 showing that Google Flu Trends was occasionally over-estimating flu rates, researchers have also proposed a series of more advanced and better-performing approaches to flu modeling from Google search queries.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  's work. In light of evidence  showing that Google Flu Trends was occasionally over-estimating flu rates, researchers have also proposed a series of more advanced and better-performing approaches to flu modeling from Google search queries.
Revised:  's work. In light of evidence showing that Google Flu Trends sometimes substantially overestimated actual flu rates, researchers have also proposed a series of more advanced and better-performing approaches to flu modeling from Google search queries.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  's work. In light of evidence  showing that Google Flu Trends was occasionally over-estimating flu rates, researchers have also proposed a series of more advanced and better-performing approaches to flu modeling from Google search queries.
Revised:  's work. In light of evidence showing that Google Flu Trends was occasionally over-estimating flu rates, researchers proposed a series of more advanced and better-performing approaches to flu modeling from Google search queries.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   Flu Detector Flu Detector was developed by Vasileios Lampos et al. at the University of Bristol.
Revised:  Research has also cast doubt on the accuracy of some of these predictions. Google has continued this work to track and predict the COVID-19 pandemic, creating an open dataset on COVID-related search queries for use by researchers. Flu Detector Flu Detector was developed by Vasileios Lampos et al. at the University of Bristol.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  It is an application of Machine Learning that firstly uses Feature Selection to automatically extract flu-related terms from Twitter content and then uses those terms to compute a flu-score for several UK regions based on geolocated tweets.
Revised:  It was an application of Machine Learning that firstly uses Feature Selection to automatically extract flu-related terms from Twitter content and then uses those terms to compute a flu-score for several UK regions based on geolocated tweets.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  It is an application of Machine Learning that firstly uses Feature Selection to automatically extract flu-related terms from Twitter content and then uses those terms to compute a flu-score for several UK regions based on geolocated tweets.
Revised:  It is an application of machine learning that first used feature selection to automatically extract flu-related terms from Twitter content and then uses those terms to compute a flu-score for several UK regions based on geolocated tweets.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It is an application of Machine Learning that firstly uses Feature Selection to automatically extract flu-related terms from Twitter content and then uses those terms to compute a flu-score for several UK regions based on geolocated tweets.
Revised:  It is an application of Machine Learning that firstly uses Feature Selection to automatically extract flu-related terms from Twitter content and then used those terms to compute a flu-score for several UK regions based on geolocated tweets.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Mood of the Nation Mood of the Nation was developed by Vasileios Lamposet al. at the University of Bristol. It performs mood analysis on tweets geo-located in various regions of the United Kingdom  computing on a daily basis scores for four types of emotion: anger, fear, joy and sadness   .
Revised:  Mood of the Nation Mood of the Nation was also developed by Lampos' team. It performed mood analysis on tweets geo-located in various regions of the United Kingdom computing on a daily basis scores for four types of emotion: anger, fear, joy and sadness .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  It performs mood analysis on tweets geo-located in various regions of the United Kingdom  computing on a daily basis scores for four types of emotion: anger, fear, joy and sadness   .
Revised:  It performs mood analysis on tweets geo-located in various regions of the United Kingdom computing on a daily basis scores for four types of emotion: anger, fear, joy and sadness Privacy issues The rise of infoveillance brings up questions about privacy. Privacy concerns are partially dependent on the level of analysis and how data are collected and managed. For instance, individuals may be re-identifiable from search query datasets that have not been properly de-identified. Privacy concerns are increased if data analysis is not done automatically and if search trajectories of individual users are examined .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Year Host Sports Disciplines Competitors Dates Events Nations Top Nation Ref Total Men Women I 1924 Chamonix , France 6 9 258 247 11 25 January – 5 February 1924 16 16 II 1928 St. Moritz , Switzerland 4 8 464 438 26 11–19 February 1928 14 25 III 1932 Lake Placid , United States 4 7 252 231 21 4–15 February 1932 14 17 IV 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Germany 4 8 646 566 80 6–16 February 1936 17 28 1940 Awarded to Sapporo, Japan;
Revised:  Year Host Sports Disciplines Competitors Dates Events Nations Top Nation Ref Total Men Women I 1924 Chamonix 6 9 258 247 11 25 January – 5 February 1924 16 16 II 1928 St. Moritz , Switzerland 4 8 464 438 26 11–19 February 1928 14 25 III 1932 Lake Placid , United States 4 7 252 231 21 4–15 February 1932 14 17 IV 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Germany 4 8 646 566 80 6–16 February 1936 17 28 1940 Awarded to Sapporo, Japan;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Year Host Sports Disciplines Competitors Dates Events Nations Top Nation Ref Total Men Women I 1924 Chamonix , France 6 9 258 247 11 25 January – 5 February 1924 16 16 II 1928 St. Moritz , Switzerland 4 8 464 438 26 11–19 February 1928 14 25 III 1932 Lake Placid , United States 4 7 252 231 21 4–15 February 1932 14 17 IV 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Germany 4 8 646 566 80 6–16 February 1936 17 28 1940 Awarded to Sapporo, Japan;
Revised:  Year Host Sports Disciplines Competitors Dates Events Nations Top Nation Ref Total Men Women I 1924 Chamonix , France 6 9 258 247 11 25 January – 5 February 1924 16 16 II 1928 St. Moritz 4 8 464 438 26 11–19 February 1928 14 25 III 1932 Lake Placid , United States 4 7 252 231 21 4–15 February 1932 14 17 IV 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Germany 4 8 646 566 80 6–16 February 1936 17 28 1940 Awarded to Sapporo, Japan;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Year Host Sports Disciplines Competitors Dates Events Nations Top Nation Ref Total Men Women I 1924 Chamonix , France 6 9 258 247 11 25 January – 5 February 1924 16 16 II 1928 St. Moritz , Switzerland 4 8 464 438 26 11–19 February 1928 14 25 III 1932 Lake Placid , United States 4 7 252 231 21 4–15 February 1932 14 17 IV 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Germany 4 8 646 566 80 6–16 February 1936 17 28 1940 Awarded to Sapporo, Japan;
Revised:  Year Host Sports Disciplines Competitors Dates Events Nations Top Nation Ref Total Men Women I 1924 Chamonix , France 6 9 258 247 11 25 January – 5 February 1924 16 16 II 1928 St. Moritz , Switzerland 4 8 464 438 26 11–19 February 1928 14 25 III 1932 Lake Placid 4 7 252 231 21 4–15 February 1932 14 17 IV 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Germany 4 8 646 566 80 6–16 February 1936 17 28 1940 Awarded to Sapporo, Japan;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Year Host Sports Disciplines Competitors Dates Events Nations Top Nation Ref Total Men Women I 1924 Chamonix , France 6 9 258 247 11 25 January – 5 February 1924 16 16 II 1928 St. Moritz , Switzerland 4 8 464 438 26 11–19 February 1928 14 25 III 1932 Lake Placid , United States 4 7 252 231 21 4–15 February 1932 14 17 IV 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Germany 4 8 646 566 80 6–16 February 1936 17 28 1940 Awarded to Sapporo, Japan;
Revised:  Year Host Sports Disciplines Competitors Dates Events Nations Top Nation Ref Total Men Women I 1924 Chamonix , France 6 9 258 247 11 25 January – 5 February 1924 16 16 II 1928 St. Moritz , Switzerland 4 8 464 438 26 11–19 February 1928 14 25 III 1932 Lake Placid , United States 4 7 252 231 21 4–15 February 1932 14 17 IV 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 4 8 646 566 80 6–16 February 1936 17 28 1940 Awarded to Sapporo, Japan;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  8 February 1948 22 28 VI 1952 Oslo , Norway 4 8 694 585 109 14–25 February 1952 22 30 VII 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo , Italy 4 8 821 687 134 26 January –
Revised:  8 February 1948 22 28 VI 1952 Oslo 4 8 694 585 109 14–25 February 1952 22 30 VII 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo , Italy 4 8 821 687 134 26 January –
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  8 February 1948 22 28 VI 1952 Oslo , Norway 4 8 694 585 109 14–25 February 1952 22 30 VII 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo , Italy 4 8 821 687 134 26 January –
Revised:  8 February 1948 22 28 VI 1952 Oslo , Norway 4 8 694 585 109 14–25 February 1952 22 30 VII 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 4 8 821 687 134 26 January –
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  5 February 1956 24 32 VIII 1960 Squaw Valley , United States 4 8 665 521 144 18–28 February 1960 27 30 IX 1964 Innsbruck , Austria 6 10 1091 892 199 29 January –
Revised:  5 February 1956 24 32 VIII 1960 Squaw Valley 4 8 665 521 144 18–28 February 1960 27 30 IX 1964 Innsbruck , Austria 6 10 1091 892 199 29 January –
Edit intent: clarity