wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  Schoff continues by noting that the author could not have been "a highly educated man" as "is evident from his frequent confusion of Greek and Latin words and his clumsy and sometimes ungrammatical constructions . "  Because of "the absence of any account of the journey up the Nile and across the desert from Coptos", Schoff prefers to pinpoint the author's residence to "Berenice rather than Alexandria".
Revised:  Schoff continues by noting that the author could not have been "a highly educated man" as "is evident from his frequent confusion of Greek and Latin words and his clumsy and sometimes ungrammatical constructions . " . Because of "the absence of any account of the journey up the Nile and across the desert from Coptos", Schoff prefers to pinpoint the author's residence to "Berenice rather than Alexandria".
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  For instance, a "Rhapta" is mentioned as the farthest market down the African coast of "Azania", but there are at least five locations matching the description, ranging from Tanga to south of the Rufiji River delta.
Revised:  For instance, "Rhapta" is mentioned as the farthest market down the African coast of "Azania", but there are at least five locations matching the description, ranging from Tanga to south of the Rufiji River delta.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The name re-surfaces in late medieval Latin as lacca, borrowed from medieval Arabic lakk in turn borrowed from Sanskritic lakh, meaning lac i.e. a red-colored resin native to India used as a lacquer and used also as a red colorant .Sino-Iranica by Berthold Laufer, year 1919, page 476, footnote 9.
Revised:  The name re-surfaces in late medieval Latin as lacca, borrowed from medieval Arabic lakk in turn borrowed from Sanskritic lakh, meaning lac i.e. a red-coloured resin native to India used as a lacquer and used also as a red colorant .Sino-Iranica by Berthold Laufer, year 1919, page 476, footnote 9.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The name re-surfaces in late medieval Latin as lacca, borrowed from medieval Arabic lakk in turn borrowed from Sanskritic lakh, meaning lac i.e. a red-colored resin native to India used as a lacquer and used also as a red colorant .Sino-Iranica by Berthold Laufer, year 1919, page 476, footnote 9.
Revised:  The name re-surfaces in late medieval Latin as lacca, borrowed from medieval Arabic lakk in turn borrowed from Sanskritic lakh, meaning lac i.e. a red-colored resin native to India used as a lacquer and used also as a red colourant .Sino-Iranica by Berthold Laufer, year 1919, page 476, footnote 9.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea describes the trading empire of Himyar and Saba, regrouped under a single ruler, "Charibael" (probably Karab'il Watar Yuhan'em II), who is said to have been on friendly terms with Rome: Ras Hafun in northern Somalia is believed to be the location of the ancient trade center of Opone.
Revised:  The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea describes the trading empire of Himyar and Saba, regrouped under a single ruler, "Charibael" (probably Karab'il Watar Yuhan'em II), who is said to have been on friendly terms with Rome: Ras Hafun in northern Somalia is believed to be the location of the ancient trade centre of Opone.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The Periplus describes the many goods exchanged: The lost port city of Muziris (near present day Kodungallur) in the Chera kingdom, as well as the Early Pandyan Kingdom are mentioned in the Periplus as major centers of trade, pepper and other spices, metal work and semiprecious stones, between Damirica and the Roman Empire.
Revised:  The Periplus describes the many goods exchanged: The lost port city of Muziris (near present day Kodungallur) in the Chera kingdom, as well as the Early Pandyan Kingdom are mentioned in the Periplus as major centres of trade, pepper and other spices, metal work and semiprecious stones, between Damirica and the Roman Empire.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Nationalism Pan-Africanism In the 1930s, Small created a political network during his visit to the Afrique occidentale française (AOF) in the early 1930s .Keller, Kathleen, Colonial Suspects: Suspicion, Imperial Rule, and Colonial Society in Interwar French West Africa, U of Nebraska Press (2018), pp. 17, 104, 173, In June 1931, Small took his mission to Dakar accompanied by his secretary Boubakar Secka.
Revised: Nationalism and pan-Africanism In the 1930s, Small created a political network during his visit to the Afrique occidentale française (AOF) in the early 1930s .Keller, Kathleen, Colonial Suspects: Suspicion, Imperial Rule, and Colonial Society in Interwar French West Africa, U of Nebraska Press (2018), pp. 17, 104, 173, In June 1931, Small took his mission to Dakar accompanied by his secretary Boubakar Secka.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Nationalism Pan-Africanism In the 1930s, Small created a political network during his visit to the Afrique occidentale française (AOF) in the early 1930s .Keller, Kathleen, Colonial Suspects: Suspicion, Imperial Rule, and Colonial Society in Interwar French West Africa, U of Nebraska Press (2018), pp. 17, 104, 173, In June 1931, Small took his mission to Dakar accompanied by his secretary Boubakar Secka.
Revised: Nationalism Pan-Africanism In the 1930s, Small created a political network during his visit to the French West Africa (AOF) in the early 1930s .Keller, Kathleen, Colonial Suspects: Suspicion, Imperial Rule, and Colonial Society in Interwar French West Africa, U of Nebraska Press (2018), pp. 17, 104, 173, In June 1931, Small took his mission to Dakar accompanied by his secretary Boubakar Secka.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Nationalism Pan-Africanism In the 1930s, Small created a political network during his visit to the Afrique occidentale française (AOF) in the early 1930s .Keller, Kathleen, Colonial Suspects: Suspicion, Imperial Rule, and Colonial Society in Interwar French West Africa, U of Nebraska Press (2018), pp. 17, 104, 173, In June 1931, Small took his mission to Dakar accompanied by his secretary Boubakar Secka.
Revised: Nationalism Pan-Africanism In the 1930s, Small created a political network during his visit to the Afrique occidentale française (AOF) .Keller, Kathleen, Colonial Suspects: Suspicion, Imperial Rule, and Colonial Society in Interwar French West Africa, U of Nebraska Press (2018), pp. 17, 104, 173, In June 1931, Small took his mission to Dakar accompanied by his secretary Boubakar Secka.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Some of Small's AOF acquitances included Ernest Cherry - an individual infovlved in the LDNR (the League for the Defence of the Negro RaceWeiss,Holger, Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, p. 179, BRILL ( 2013), ) with ties to the French League agaist Colonial Oppression;
Revised:  Some of Small's AOF acquaintances included Ernest Cherry - an individual infovlved in the LDNR (the League for the Defence of the Negro RaceWeiss,Holger, Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, p. 179, BRILL ( 2013), ) with ties to the French League agaist Colonial Oppression;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Some of Small's AOF acquitances included Ernest Cherry - an individual infovlved in the LDNR (the League for the Defence of the Negro RaceWeiss,Holger, Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, p. 179, BRILL ( 2013), ) with ties to the French League agaist Colonial Oppression;
Revised:  Some of Small's AOF acquitances included Ernest Cherry , an individual involved in the League for the Defence of the Negro RaceWeiss,Holger, Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, p. 179, BRILL ( 2013), ) with ties to the French League agaist Colonial Oppression;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Some of Small's AOF acquitances included Ernest Cherry - an individual infovlved in the LDNR (the League for the Defence of the Negro RaceWeiss,Holger, Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, p. 179, BRILL ( 2013), ) with ties to the French League agaist Colonial Oppression;
Revised:  Some of Small's AOF acquitances included Ernest Cherry - an individual infovlved in the LDNR (the League for the Defence of the Negro Race (LDNR),Weiss, Holger (2013) Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, p. 179, BRILL ( 2013), ) with ties to the French League agaist Colonial Oppression;
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Some of Small's AOF acquitances included Ernest Cherry - an individual infovlved in the LDNR (the League for the Defence of the Negro RaceWeiss,Holger, Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, p. 179, BRILL ( 2013), ) with ties to the French League agaist Colonial Oppression;
Revised:  Some of Small's AOF acquitances included Ernest Cherry - an individual infovlved in the LDNR (the League for the Defence of the Negro RaceWeiss,Holger, Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, p. 179, BRILL with ties to the French League agaist Colonial Oppression;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Some of Small's AOF acquitances included Ernest Cherry - an individual infovlved in the LDNR (the League for the Defence of the Negro RaceWeiss,Holger, Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, p. 179, BRILL ( 2013), ) with ties to the French League agaist Colonial Oppression;
Revised:  Some of Small's AOF acquitances included Ernest Cherry - an individual infovlved in the LDNR (the League for the Defence of the Negro RaceWeiss,Holger, Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, p. 179, BRILL ( 2013), ) with ties to the French League against Colonial Oppression;
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Raphael Mensah - was "on a list of individuals suspected of being sympathizers of the revolutionary movement." Small also had links with English speaking Blacks including William Winston - one of those involved in the Garveyist incidents of 1922.
Revised:  and Raphael Mensah, a man "on a list of individuals suspected of being sympathizers of the revolutionary movement." Small also had links with English speaking Blacks including William Winston - one of those involved in the Garveyist incidents of 1922.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Raphael Mensah - was "on a list of individuals suspected of being sympathizers of the revolutionary movement." Small also had links with English speaking Blacks including William Winston - one of those involved in the Garveyist incidents of 1922.
Revised:  Raphael Mensah - was "on a list of individuals suspected of being sympathizers of the revolutionary movement." Small also had links with English-speaking Blacks including William Winston - one of those involved in the Garveyist incidents of 1922.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Raphael Mensah - was "on a list of individuals suspected of being sympathizers of the revolutionary movement." Small also had links with English speaking Blacks including William Winston - one of those involved in the Garveyist incidents of 1922.
Revised:  Raphael Mensah - was "on a list of individuals suspected of being sympathizers of the revolutionary movement." Small also had links with English speaking Blacks including William Winston , one of those involved in the Garveyist incidents of 1922.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  In 1947, the country's first elections for a seat on the Legislative Council were held . Backed by his trade union, Small was victorious, beating I. M. Garba Jahumpa and Sheikh Omar Faye.
Revised:  In 1947, the first elections were held for a seat on the Legislative Council were held . Backed by his trade union, Small was victorious, beating I. M. Garba Jahumpa and Sheikh Omar Faye.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In 1947, the country's first elections for a seat on the Legislative Council were held . Backed by his trade union, Small was victorious, beating I. M. Garba Jahumpa and Sheikh Omar Faye.
Revised:  In 1947, the country's first elections for a seat on the Legislative Council . Backed by his trade union, Small was victorious, beating I. M. Garba Jahumpa and Sheikh Omar Faye.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In 1947, the country's first elections for a seat on the Legislative Council were held . Backed by his trade union, Small was victorious, beating I. M. Garba Jahumpa and Sheikh Omar Faye.
Revised:  In 1947, the country's first elections for a seat on the Legislative Council were held . Backed by his trade union, Small was victorious, defeating I. M. Garba Jahumpa and Sheikh Omar Faye.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  He was  appointed to the Executive Council on 11 December 1947. He was reappointed to the council on 18 January 1951 and 12 June 1951.
Revised:  He was appointed to the Executive Council on 11 December 1947, and was later reappointed to the council on 18 January 1951 and 12 June 1951.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Small's trade unionism inspired Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof, who went on to organise and lead the historic Bread and Butter Demonstration of 1959 that paved the way for Gambia's independence.
Revised:  Small's trade unionism inspired Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof, who went on to organise and lead the Bread and Butter Demonstration of 1959 that paved the way for Gambia's independence.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Small's trade unionism inspired Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof, who went on to organise and lead the historic Bread and Butter Demonstration of 1959 that paved the way for Gambia's independence.
Revised:  Small's trade unionism inspired Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof, who went on to organise and lead the historic Bread and Butter Demonstration of 1959 that paved the way for Gambian independence.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  hegemon". For example, "On the third month, when (the growth phase, ) of the moon began to wane, the duke of Chow [i.e., Duke of Zhou] commenced the foundations, and proceeded to build the new great city of Lǒ" (tr. Legge 1865:434).
Revised:  hegemon". For example, "On the third month, when (the growth phase, ) of the moon began to wane, the duke of Chow [i.e., Duke of Zhou] commenced the foundations, and proceeded to build the new great city of Lǒ" .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  A wheelwright sees Duke Huan of Qi with books by dead sages and says, "what you are reading there is nothing but the [] chaff and dregs of the men of old!" (tr. Watson 1968:152).
Revised:  A wheelwright sees Duke Huan of Qi with books by dead sages and says, "what you are reading there is nothing but the [] chaff and dregs of the men of old!" .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Schuessler (2007:290, 417) reconstructs hun "'spiritual soul' which makes a human personality" and po "vegetative or animal soul ... which accounts for growth and physiological functions" as Middle Chinese γuən and pʰak from Old Chinese *wûn and *phrâk.
Revised:  reconstructs hun "'spiritual soul' which makes a human personality" and po "vegetative or animal soul ... which accounts for growth and physiological functions" as Middle Chinese γuən and pʰak from Old Chinese *wûn and *phrâk.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Etymologically, lunar and spiritual po < pʰak < *phrâk are cognate with bai < bɐk < *brâk "white" (Matisoff 1980, Yü 1981, Carr 1985) .
Revised:  Etymologically, lunar and spiritual po < pʰak < *phrâk are cognate with bai < bɐk < *brâk "white" .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Since pò is the 'bright' soul, hún is the 'dark' soul and therefore cognate to yún 'cloud' Carr 1985:62 , perhaps in the sense of 'shadowy' because some believe that the hún soul will live after death in a world of shadows Eberhard 1967:17 . (2007:290) + Chinese-English dictionary translations of hun and po Dictionary Hun Po Giles (1912) The soul, that part of the soul (as opp. to ) which goes to heaven and is able to leave the body, carrying with it an appearance of physical form;
Revised:  Since pò is the 'bright' soul, hún is the 'dark' soul and therefore cognate to yún 'cloud' , perhaps in the sense of 'shadowy' because some believe that the hún soul will live after death in a world of shadows Eberhard 1967:17 . (2007:290) + Chinese-English dictionary translations of hun and po Dictionary Hun Po Giles (1912) The soul, that part of the soul (as opp. to ) which goes to heaven and is able to leave the body, carrying with it an appearance of physical form;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Since pò is the 'bright' soul, hún is the 'dark' soul and therefore cognate to yún 'cloud' Carr 1985:62 , perhaps in the sense of 'shadowy' because some believe that the hún soul will live after death in a world of shadows Eberhard 1967:17 . (2007:290) + Chinese-English dictionary translations of hun and po Dictionary Hun Po Giles (1912) The soul, that part of the soul (as opp. to ) which goes to heaven and is able to leave the body, carrying with it an appearance of physical form;
Revised:  Since pò is the 'bright' soul, hún is the 'dark' soul and therefore cognate to yún 'cloud' Carr 1985:62 , perhaps in the sense of 'shadowy' because some believe that the hún soul will live after death in a world of shadows . (2007:290) + Chinese-English dictionary translations of hun and po Dictionary Hun Po Giles (1912) The soul, that part of the soul (as opp. to ) which goes to heaven and is able to leave the body, carrying with it an appearance of physical form;
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Since pò is the 'bright' soul, hún is the 'dark' soul and therefore cognate to yún 'cloud' Carr 1985:62 , perhaps in the sense of 'shadowy' because some believe that the hún soul will live after death in a world of shadows Eberhard 1967:17 . (2007:290) + Chinese-English dictionary translations of hun and po Dictionary Hun Po Giles (1912) The soul, that part of the soul (as opp. to ) which goes to heaven and is able to leave the body, carrying with it an appearance of physical form;
Revised:  Since pò is the 'bright' soul, hún is the 'dark' soul and therefore cognate to yún 'cloud' Carr 1985:62 , perhaps in the sense of 'shadowy' because some believe that the hún soul will live after death in a world of shadows Eberhard 1967:17 . + Chinese-English dictionary translations of hun and po Dictionary Hun Po Giles (1912) The soul, that part of the soul (as opp. to ) which goes to heaven and is able to leave the body, carrying with it an appearance of physical form;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Since pò is the 'bright' soul, hún is the 'dark' soul and therefore cognate to yún 'cloud' Carr 1985:62 , perhaps in the sense of 'shadowy' because some believe that the hún soul will live after death in a world of shadows Eberhard 1967:17 . (2007:290) + Chinese-English dictionary translations of hun and po Dictionary Hun Po Giles (1912) The soul, that part of the soul (as opp. to ) which goes to heaven and is able to leave the body, carrying with it an appearance of physical form;
Revised:  Since pò is the 'bright' soul, hún is the 'dark' soul and therefore cognate to yún 'cloud' Carr 1985:62 , perhaps in the sense of 'shadowy' because some believe that the hún soul will live after death in a world of shadows Eberhard 1967:17 . (2007:290) + Chinese-English dictionary translations of hun and po Dictionary Hun Po Giles The soul, that part of the soul (as opp. to ) which goes to heaven and is able to leave the body, carrying with it an appearance of physical form;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Chao and Yang (1947) the soul (of a living person or of the dead) the physical side of the soul Karlgren (1957) spiritual soul (as opp. to ) the animal soul of man (as opp. to ) Lin (1972) Soul;
Revised:  Chao and Yang the soul (of a living person or of the dead) the physical side of the soul Karlgren (1957) spiritual soul (as opp. to ) the animal soul of man (as opp. to ) Lin (1972) Soul;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Chao and Yang (1947) the soul (of a living person or of the dead) the physical side of the soul Karlgren (1957) spiritual soul (as opp. to ) the animal soul of man (as opp. to ) Lin (1972) Soul;
Revised:  Chao and Yang (1947) the soul (of a living person or of the dead) the physical side of the soul Karlgren spiritual soul (as opp. to ) the animal soul of man (as opp. to ) Lin (1972) Soul;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Chao and Yang (1947) the soul (of a living person or of the dead) the physical side of the soul Karlgren (1957) spiritual soul (as opp. to ) the animal soul of man (as opp. to ) Lin (1972) Soul;
Revised:  Chao and Yang (1947) the soul (of a living person or of the dead) the physical side of the soul Karlgren (1957) spiritual soul (as opp. to ) the animal soul of man (as opp. to ) Lin Soul;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  , the baser spirits or animal forces (Taoism) the baser animal spirits of man, contrasted with finer elements three finer spirits and seven animal spirits), the two together conceived as animating the human body Liang (1992) a soul;
Revised:  , the baser spirits or animal forces (Taoism) the baser animal spirits of man, contrasted with finer elements three finer spirits and seven animal spirits), the two together conceived as animating the human body Liang a soul;
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In the following examples, all Chinese-English translation equivalents are from DeFrancis (2003) . Joseph Needham and Lu Gwei-djen, eminent historians of science and technology in China (1974:88) , define hun and po in modern terms.
Revised:  In the following examples, all Chinese-English translation equivalents are from DeFrancis . Joseph Needham and Lu Gwei-djen, eminent historians of science and technology in China (1974:88) , define hun and po in modern terms.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In the following examples, all Chinese-English translation equivalents are from DeFrancis (2003) . Joseph Needham and Lu Gwei-djen, eminent historians of science and technology in China (1974:88) , define hun and po in modern terms.
Revised:  In the following examples, all Chinese-English translation equivalents are from DeFrancis (2003) . Joseph Needham and Lu Gwei-djen, eminent historians of science and technology in China , define hun and po in modern terms.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Farzeen Baldrian-Hussein (2008:521) cautions about hun and po translations: "Although the term "souls" is often used to refer to them, they are better seen as two types of vital entities, the source of life in every individual.
Revised:  Farzeen Baldrian-Hussein cautions about hun and po translations: "Although the term "souls" is often used to refer to them, they are better seen as two types of vital entities, the source of life in every individual.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  History Based on Zuozhuan usages of hun and po in four historical contexts, Yü (1987:370) extrapolates that po was the original name for a human soul, and the dualistic conception of hun and po "began to gain currency in the middle of the sixth century" BCE.
Revised:  History Based on Zuozhuan usages of hun and po in four historical contexts, Yü extrapolates that po was the original name for a human soul, and the dualistic conception of hun and po "began to gain currency in the middle of the sixth century" BCE.
Edit intent: clarity