wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:    &        &      &    &    There is a reported gender difference in the expression of the false uniqueness effect.
Revised:  & & & & Sherman, J. W. (1999). Perceiving individuals and groups: Expectancies, dispositional inferences, and causal attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(2), 181–191. URL When asked “are you a better ballroom dancer than the average person?” you might think of your grandfather, your boss, your cousin, or a video you watched online and compare yourself to these, even though they are far from representing the average person. These sub-groups that are based on your knowledge and surroundings might be an unconscious explanation of false uniqueness effect. There is a reported gender difference in the expression of the false uniqueness effect.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:   False consensus effect 
Revised:  Furnham, A.; Dowsett, T. (1993-08-01). "Sex difference in social comparison and uniqueness bias". Personality and Individual Differences. 15 (2): 175–183. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90024-W. ISSN 0191-8869. False consensus effect 
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Starting with the   equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value )   , and the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Revised:  In his 1907 Jahrbuch paper, Einstein first addressed the question of whether the propagation of light is influenced by gravitation, and whether there is any effect of a gravitational field on clocks. In 1911, Einstein returned to this subject, in part because he had realized that certain predictions of his nascent theory were amenable to experimental test. equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value ) , and the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Starting with the   equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value )   , and the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Revised:  Starting with the By the time of his 1911 paper, Einstein and other scientists had offered several alternative demonstrations that the inertial mass of a body increases with its energy content: If the energy increase of the body is , then the increase in its inertial mass is equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value ) , and the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Starting with the   equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value )   , and the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Revised:  Starting with the Einstein asked whether there is an increase of gravitational mass corresponding to the increase in inertial mass, and if there is such an increase, is the increase in gravitational mass precisely the same as its increase in inertial mass? Using the equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value ) , and the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Starting with the   equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value )   , and the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Revised:  Starting with the equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value ) Einstein's argument that falling light acquires energy To show that the equivalence principle necessarily implies the gravitation of energy, Einstein considered a light source separated along the z‑axis by a distance above a receiver in a homogeneous gravitational field having a force per unit mass of 1 A certain amount of electromagnetic energy is emitted by towards According to the equivalence principle, this system is equivalent to a gravitation-free system which moves with uniform acceleration in the direction of the positive z‑axis, with separated by a constant distance from , and the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Starting with the   equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value )   , and the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Revised:  Starting with the equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value ) In the accelerated system, light emitted from takes (to a first approximation) to arrive at But in this time , and the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Starting with the   equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value )   , and the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Revised:  Starting with the equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value ) , the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Starting with the   equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value )   , and the gravitational slowing of the speed of light .
Revised:  Starting with the equivalence principle, Einstein deduced the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, the gravitational bending of light (albeit with the wrong value ) , and the velocity of will have increased by from its velocity when the light was emitted. The energy arriving at will therefore not be the energy but the greater energy given by
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:             By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse  , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Revised:  According to the equivalence principle, the same relation holds for the non-accelerated system in a gravitational field, where we replace by the gravitational potential difference between and so that By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:             By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse  , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Revised:  The energy arriving at is greater than the energy emitted by by the potential energy of the mass in the gravitational field. Hence corresponds to the gravitational mass as well as the inertial mass of a quantity of energy. By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:             By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse  , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Revised:  Einstein's 1911 thought experiment to demonstrate that the energy of gravitational mass must equal the energy of inertial mass To further clarify that the energy of gravitational mass must equal the energy of inertial mass, Einstein proposed the following cyclic process: (a) A light source is situated a distance above a receiver in a uniform gravitational field. A movable mass can shuttle between and (b) A pulse of electromagnetic energy is sent from to The energy is absorbed by (c) Mass is lowered from to releasing an amount of work equal to (d) The energy absorbed by is transferred to This increases the gravitational mass of to a new value (e) The mass is lifted back to , requiring the input of work (e) The energy carried by the mass is then transferred to completing the cycle. By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:             By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse  , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Revised:  Conservation of energy demands that the difference in work between raising the mass and lowering the mass, , must equal or one could potentially define a perpetual motion machine. Therefore, By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:             By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse  , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Revised:  In other words, the increase in gravitational mass predicted by the above arguments is precisely equal to the increase in inertial mass predicted by special relativity. By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:             By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse  , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Revised:  Einstein then considered sending a continuous electromagnetic beam of frequency (as measured at ) from to in a homogeneous gravitational field. The frequency of the light as measured at will be a larger value given by By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:             By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse  , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Revised:  Einstein noted that the above equation seemed to imply something absurd: Given that the transmission of light from to is continuous, how could the number of periods emitted per second from be different from that received at It is impossible for wave crests to appear on the way down from to . The simple answer is that this question presupposes an absolute nature of time, when in fact there is nothing that compels us to assume that clocks situated at different gravitational potentials must be conceived of as going at the same rate. The principle of equivalence implies gravitational time dilation. By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:             By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse  , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Revised:  It is important to realize that Einstein's arguments predicting gravitational time dilation are valid for any theory of gravity that respects the principle of equivalence. This includes Newtonian gravitation. Experiments such as the Pound–Rebka experiment, which have firmly established gravitational time dilation, therefore do not serve to distinguish general relativity from Newtonian gravitation. By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:             By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse  , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Revised:  In the remainder of Einstein's 1911 paper, he discussed the bending of light rays in a gravitational field, but given the incomplete nature of Einstein's theory as it existed at the time, the value that he predicted was half the value that would later be predicted by the full theory of general relativity. (ArXiv version here: arxiv.org/abs/1403.7377.)Ned Wright: Deflection and Delay of Light By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:             By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse  , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Revised:  300px|Consideration of the Ehrenfest paradox led Einstein to consider that gravitation curves spacetime. By 1912, however, Einstein had reached an impasse , realizing that he needed to go beyond the mathematics that he knew and was familiar with.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In January 1994, Diceball was presented in the American International Toy Fair in New York and Daniel Girard, a Diceball inventor, said in an interview to the Montreal Gazette: The Canadian Toy Testing Council (CTTC) , a non-profit agency, that publishes a Toy Report yearly included Diceball in its 1994 report.
Revised:  In January 1994, Diceball was presented in the American International Toy Fair in New York and Girard, the Diceball inventor, said in an interview to the Montreal Gazette: The Canadian Toy Testing Council (CTTC) , a non-profit agency, that publishes a Toy Report yearly included Diceball in its 1994 report.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In January 1994, Diceball was presented in the American International Toy Fair in New York and Daniel Girard, a Diceball inventor, said in an interview to the Montreal Gazette: The Canadian Toy Testing Council (CTTC) , a non-profit agency, that publishes a Toy Report yearly included Diceball in its 1994 report.
Revised:  In January 1994, Diceball was presented in the American International Toy Fair in New York and Daniel Girard, a Diceball inventor, said in an interview to the Montreal Gazette: The Canadian Toy Testing Council , a non-profit agency, that publishes a Toy Report yearly included Diceball in its 1994 report.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  In January 1994, Diceball was presented in the American International Toy Fair in New York and Daniel Girard, a Diceball inventor, said in an interview to the Montreal Gazette: The Canadian Toy Testing Council (CTTC) , a non-profit agency, that publishes a Toy Report yearly included Diceball in its 1994 report.
Revised:  In January 1994, Diceball was presented in the American International Toy Fair in New York and Daniel Girard, a Diceball inventor, said in an interview to the Montreal Gazette: The Canadian Toy Testing Council (CTTC) , a non-profit agency, that publishes a toy report yearly included Diceball in its 1994 report.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  Formula retail    is a type of sales activity required by contractual or other arrangements to offer a standardized array of services and/or merchandise, trademark, interior / exterior design and/or uniforms.
Revised:  The term refers to the characteristics of the restaurant rather than its ownership, following a business model controlled by an overseeing corporation. Most formula restaurants are chain restaurants, though this does not have to be the case. is a type of sales activity required by contractual or other arrangements to offer a standardized array of services and/or merchandise, trademark, interior / exterior design and/or uniforms.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Formula retail    is a type of sales activity required by contractual or other arrangements to offer a standardized array of services and/or merchandise, trademark, interior / exterior design and/or uniforms.
Revised:  Formula retail In legal definitions, there may be a minimum number of "substantially identical" restaurants for them to be considered formula restaurants. This number varies across jurisdictions.McCall, ID proposal to amend restriction from "one or more" to "five" (.pdf)San Francisco retail use (11 or more)Port Townsend (14 or more) is a type of sales activity required by contractual or other arrangements to offer a standardized array of services and/or merchandise, trademark, interior / exterior design and/or uniforms.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Town of Jaffrey Planning Board Proposed Zoning Changes Summary, Public Hearing January 22, 2018, Town of Jaffrey, New Hampshire (.pdf)  The definition often refers to "substantially identical to a specified number of other restaurants, " a number which may vary.
Revised: Town of Jaffrey Planning Board Proposed Zoning Changes Summary, Public Hearing January 22, 2018, Town of Jaffrey, New Hampshire (.pdf) This applies to the restaurant industry where menus, ingredients and food preparation may be standardized according to the overseeing corporation's business model, intended to maximize marketing potential. The definition often refers to "substantially identical to a specified number of other restaurants, " a number which may vary.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original: Town of Jaffrey Planning Board Proposed Zoning Changes Summary, Public Hearing January 22, 2018, Town of Jaffrey, New Hampshire (.pdf)  The definition often refers to "substantially identical to a specified number of other restaurants, " a number which may vary.McCall, ID proposal to amend restriction from "one or more" to "five" (. pdf)San Francisco retail use (11 or more)Port Townsend (14 or more) Difference between a formula restaurant and a "chain " There is considerable financial overlap, but "chain restaurant" refers to ownership or franchise , whereas "formula restaurant" refers to the characteristics of the business.
Revised: Town of Jaffrey Planning Board Proposed Zoning Changes Summary, Public Hearing January 22, 2018, Town of Jaffrey, New Hampshire (.pdf) Comparison with chain restaurants Difference between a formula restaurant and a "chain " There is considerable financial overlap, but "chain restaurant" refers to ownership or franchise , whereas "formula restaurant" refers to the characteristics of the business.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: McCall, ID proposal to amend restriction from "one or more" to "five" (. pdf)San Francisco retail use (11 or more)Port Townsend (14 or more) Difference between a formula restaurant and a "chain " There is considerable financial overlap, but "chain restaurant" refers to ownership or franchise , whereas "formula restaurant" refers to the characteristics of the business.
Revised: McCall, ID proposal to amend restriction from "one or more" to "five" (. pdf)San Francisco retail use (11 or more)Port Townsend (14 or more) There is considerable financial overlap, but "chain restaurant" refers to ownership or franchise , whereas "formula restaurant" refers to the characteristics of the business.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: McCall, ID proposal to amend restriction from "one or more" to "five" (. pdf)San Francisco retail use (11 or more)Port Townsend (14 or more) Difference between a formula restaurant and a "chain " There is considerable financial overlap, but "chain restaurant" refers to ownership or franchise , whereas "formula restaurant" refers to the characteristics of the business.
Revised: McCall, ID proposal to amend restriction from "one or more" to "five" (. pdf)San Francisco retail use (11 or more)Port Townsend (14 or more) Difference between a formula restaurant and a "chain " Although there is considerable financial overlap, but "chain restaurant" refers to ownership or franchise , whereas "formula restaurant" refers to the characteristics of the business.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: McCall, ID proposal to amend restriction from "one or more" to "five" (. pdf)San Francisco retail use (11 or more)Port Townsend (14 or more) Difference between a formula restaurant and a "chain " There is considerable financial overlap, but "chain restaurant" refers to ownership or franchise , whereas "formula restaurant" refers to the characteristics of the business.
Revised: McCall, ID proposal to amend restriction from "one or more" to "five" (. pdf)San Francisco retail use (11 or more)Port Townsend (14 or more) Difference between a formula restaurant and a "chain " There is considerable financial overlap, "chain restaurant" refers to ownership or franchise , whereas "formula restaurant" refers to the characteristics of the business.
Edit intent: coherence
Original: McCall, ID proposal to amend restriction from "one or more" to "five" (. pdf)San Francisco retail use (11 or more)Port Townsend (14 or more) Difference between a formula restaurant and a "chain " There is considerable financial overlap, but "chain restaurant" refers to ownership or franchise , whereas "formula restaurant" refers to the characteristics of the business.
Revised: McCall, ID proposal to amend restriction from "one or more" to "five" (. pdf)San Francisco retail use (11 or more)Port Townsend (14 or more) Difference between a formula restaurant and a "chain " There is considerable financial overlap, but "chain restaurant" refers to ownership or franchise while "formula restaurant" refers to the characteristics of the business.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  A formula restaurant doesn't need to be a chain but it generally is . Nevertheless, most codified municipal regulation relies on definitions of formula restaurant or formula retail (although non-codified restrictions will sometimes target "chains").
Revised:  A formula restaurant doesn't need to belong to a chain but it generally is . Nevertheless, most codified municipal regulation relies on definitions of formula restaurant or formula retail (although non-codified restrictions will sometimes target "chains").
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A formula restaurant doesn't need to be a chain but it generally is . Nevertheless, most codified municipal regulation relies on definitions of formula restaurant or formula retail (although non-codified restrictions will sometimes target "chains").
Revised:  A formula restaurant doesn't need to be a chain but it generally does . Nevertheless, most codified municipal regulation relies on definitions of formula restaurant or formula retail (although non-codified restrictions will sometimes target "chains").
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Building a Successful Hotel Restaurant, Hotel F&B, 4-Jul-2007First Hospitality Group's Justin Harkey wants hotels to create a new recipe, Hotel Management 13-Apr-2017 Nevertheless, it is often possible for the consumer to identify disguised formula restaurants by their marketing indicator; e.g., intense use of staged photographs on the menu, frequent use of marketing buzzwords (or marketing terms) such as "add" listed under multiple menu items.
Revised: Building a Successful Hotel Restaurant, Hotel F&B, 4-Jul-2007First Hospitality Group's Justin Harkey wants hotels to create a new recipe, Hotel Management 13-Apr-2017 Disguised formula restaurants may be recognized by marketing indicators: intense use of staged photographs on the menu, frequent use of marketing buzzwords (or marketing terms) such as "add" listed under multiple menu items.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Hyper gentrification and the Disappearance of Local Businesses, governing.com Formula restaurants (at least formula fast-food restaurants )  rely on an economic model that encourages the use of disposable tableware. www.skoozeme.com/issues/dontbus.html This in turn relies on training consumers (adults and children) to bus disposables, but not durable tableware.
Revised: Hyper gentrification and the Disappearance of Local Businesses, governing.com Formula restaurants accelerate gentrification but deteriorate quality of life. rely on an economic model that encourages the use of disposable tableware. www.skoozeme.com/issues/dontbus.html This in turn relies on training consumers (adults and children) to bus disposables, but not durable tableware.
Edit intent: meaning-changed