wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage    ,     vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Revised:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) The interaction between the loudspeakers and the room (room acoustics) plays an important part in sound quality. Sound vibrations are reflected from walls, floor and ceiling, and are affected by the contents of the room. Room dimensions can create standing waves at particular (usually low) frequencies. There are devices and materials for room treatment that affect sound quality. Soft materials, such as draperies and carpets, can absorb higher frequencies, whereas hard walls and floors can cause excess reverberation. , vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage    ,     vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Revised:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage Sound sources Audiophiles play music from a variety of sources including phonograph records, compact discs (CDs), and digital audio files that are either uncompressed or are losslessly compressed, such as FLAC, DSD, Windows Media Audio 9 Lossless and Apple Lossless (ALAC), in contrast to lossy compression, such as in MP3 encoding. From the early 1990s, CDs were the most common source of high-quality music. Nevertheless, turntables, tonearms, and magnetic cartridges are still used, despite the difficulties of keeping records free from dust and the delicate set-up associated with turntables. , vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage    ,     vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Revised:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage The 44.1 kHz sampling rate of the CD format, in theory, restricts CD information losses to above the theoretical upper-frequency limit of human hearing – 20 kHz, see Nyquist limit. Nonetheless, newer formats such as FLAC, ALAC, DVD-Audio and Super Audio Compact Disc (SACD) have sampling rates of 88.2 kHz, 96 kHz or even 192 kHz. , vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage    ,     vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Revised:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage CD audio signals are encoded in 16-bit values. Some higher-definition consumer formats such as HDCD-encoded CDs, DVD-Audio, and SA-CD contain 20-bit , vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage    ,     vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Revised:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage , 24-bit and even 32-bit audio streams. With more bits more dynamic range is possible; 20 bit dynamic range is theoretically 120 dB—the limit of most consumer electronic playback equipment. vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage    ,     vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Revised:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage , SACDs and DVD-Audio have up to 5.1 to 6.1 surround sound. Although both high-res optical formats have failed, there has been a resurgence in high-res digital files. SACD can be stored as a DSD file, and DVD-Audio can be stored as a FLAC or ALAC file. FLAC is the most widely used digital format for high-res with up to 8 channels and a maximum depth of 32 bit, and 655,350 Hz sampling rate. Uncompressed formats such as WAV and AIFF files can store audio CDs with no compression. vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage    ,     vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Revised:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage , Amplifiers A preamplifier selects among several audio inputs, amplifies source-level signals (such as those from a turntable), and allows the listener to adjust the sound with volume and tone controls. Many audiophile-oriented preamplifiers lack tone controls. A power amplifier takes the "line-level" audio signal from the preamplifier and drives the loudspeakers. An integrated amplifier combines the functions of power amplification with input switching and volume and tone control. Both pre/power combinations and integrated amplifiers are widely used by audiophiles. vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage    ,     vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
Revised:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage , Audiophile amplifiers are available based on solid-state (semiconductor) technology, vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers.
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Original:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage    ,     vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubesfor solid state amplifiers. Also vacuum-tube amplifiers often have higher total harmonic distortion, require rebiasing, are less reliable, generate more heat, are less powerful, and cost more. There is also continuing debate about the proper use of negative feedback in amplifier design . Controversies There is substantial controversy on   the subject of audiophile components;
Revised:  (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions. ) In the amplification stage , vacuum-tube (valve) technology, or hybrid technology—semiconductors and vacuum tubes . Controversies There is substantial controversy on the subject of audiophile components;
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  There is also continuing debate about the proper use of negative feedback in amplifier design . Controversies There is substantial controversy on   the subject of audiophile components;
Revised:  There is also continuing debate about the proper use of negative feedback in amplifier design . Dedicated amplifiers are also commonly used by audiophiles to drive headphones, especially those with high impedance and/or low sensitivity, or electrostatic headphones. There is substantial controversy on the subject of audiophile components;
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  There is also continuing debate about the proper use of negative feedback in amplifier design . Controversies There is substantial controversy on   the subject of audiophile components;
Revised:  There is also continuing debate about the proper use of negative feedback in amplifier design . Controversies Loudspeakers The cabinet of the loudspeaker is known as the enclosure. There are a variety of loudspeaker enclosure designs, including sealed cabinets (acoustic suspension), ported cabinets (bass-reflex), transmission line, infinite baffle, and horn loaded. The enclosure plays a major role in the sound of the loudspeaker. the subject of audiophile components;
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  There is also continuing debate about the proper use of negative feedback in amplifier design . Controversies There is substantial controversy on   the subject of audiophile components;
Revised:  There is also continuing debate about the proper use of negative feedback in amplifier design . Controversies There is substantial controversy on The drivers that produce the sound are referred to as tweeters, midranges, and woofers. Driver designs include dynamic, electrostatic, plasma, ribbon, planar, ionic, and servo-actuated. Drivers are made from a variety of materials including paper pulp, polypropylene, kevlar, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, and vapor-deposited diamond. the subject of audiophile components;
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  There is also continuing debate about the proper use of negative feedback in amplifier design . Controversies There is substantial controversy on   the subject of audiophile components;
Revised:  There is also continuing debate about the proper use of negative feedback in amplifier design . Controversies There is substantial controversy on The direction and intensity of the output of a loudspeaker, called dispersion or polar response, has a large effect on its sound. Various methods are employed to control the dispersion. These methods include monopolar, bipolar, dipolar, 360-degree, horn, waveguide, and line source. These terms refer to the configuration and arrangement of the subject of audiophile components;
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  There is also continuing debate about the proper use of negative feedback in amplifier design . Controversies There is substantial controversy on   the subject of audiophile components; many have asserted that the occasionally high cost produces no measurable improvement in audio reproduction. For example, skeptic James Randi, through his foundation One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, has offered a prize of $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate that $      7,250 audio cables "are any better than ordinary audio cables".
Revised:  There is also continuing debate about the proper use of negative feedback in amplifier design . Controversies There is substantial controversy on the various drivers in the enclosure. 7,250 audio cables "are any better than ordinary audio cables".
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  For example, skeptic James Randi, through his foundation One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, has offered a prize of $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate that $      7,250 audio cables "are any better than ordinary audio cables".
Revised:  For example, skeptic James Randi, through his foundation One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, has offered a prize of $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate that $ The positioning of loudspeakers in the room has a strong influence on the sound experience. Loudspeaker output is influenced by interaction with room boundaries, particularly bass response, and high frequency transducers are directional, or "beaming". 7,250 audio cables "are any better than ordinary audio cables".
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  For example, skeptic James Randi, through his foundation One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, has offered a prize of $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate that $      7,250 audio cables "are any better than ordinary audio cables".
Revised:  For example, skeptic James Randi, through his foundation One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, has offered a prize of $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate that $ Accessories Audiophiles use a wide variety of accessories and fine-tuning techniques, sometimes referred to as "tweaks", to improve the sound of their systems. These include power conditioner filters to "clean" the electricity, equipment racks to isolate components from floor vibrations, specialty power and audio cables, loudspeaker stands (and footers to isolate speakers from stands), and room treatments. 7,250 audio cables "are any better than ordinary audio cables".
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  For example, skeptic James Randi, through his foundation One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, has offered a prize of $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate that $      7,250 audio cables "are any better than ordinary audio cables".
Revised:  For example, skeptic James Randi, through his foundation One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, has offered a prize of $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate that $ There are several types of room treatment. Sound-absorbing materials may be placed strategically within a listening room to reduce the amplitude of early reflections, and to deal with resonance modes. Other treatments are designed to produce diffusion, reflection of sound in a scattered fashion. Room treatments can be expensive and difficult to optimize. 7,250 audio cables "are any better than ordinary audio cables".
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  For example, skeptic James Randi, through his foundation One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, has offered a prize of $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate that $      7,250 audio cables "are any better than ordinary audio cables".
Revised:  For example, skeptic James Randi, through his foundation One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, has offered a prize of $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate that $ Headphones 7,250 audio cables "are any better than ordinary audio cables".
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  For example, skeptic James Randi, through his foundation One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, has offered a prize of $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate that $      7,250 audio cables "are any better than ordinary audio cables".
Revised:  For example, skeptic James Randi, through his foundation One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, has offered a prize of $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate that $ Headphones are regularly used by audiophiles. These products can be remarkably expensive, some over $10,000, but in general are much cheaper than comparable speaker systems. They have the advantage of not requiring room treatment, and being usable without requiring others to listen at the same time. Newer canalphones can be driven by the less powerful outputs found on portable music players. Design variety For music storage, digital formats offer an absence of clicks, pops, wow, flutter, acoustic feedback, and rumble, compared to vinyl records. Depending on the format, digital can also have a higher signal-to-noise ratio, a wider dynamic range, less total harmonic distortion, and a flatter and more extended frequency response. Despite this, vinyl records remain popular, and discussion about the relative merits of analog and digital sound continues (see Analog sound vs. digital sound). (Note that vinyl records may be mastered differently from their digital versions.) In the amplification stage, vacuum-tube electronics remain popular, despite most other applications having since abandoned tubes for solid state amplifiers. Also vacuum-tube amplifiers often have higher total harmonic distortion, require rebiasing, are less reliable, generate more heat, are less powerful, and cost more. There is also continuing debate about the proper use of negative feedback in amplifier design. Controversies There is substantial controversy on the subject of audiophile components; many have asserted that the occasionally high cost produces no measurable improvement in audio reproduction. For example, skeptic James Randi, through his foundation One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, has offered a prize of $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate that 7,250 audio cables "are any better than ordinary audio cables".
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Cerf, Vinton; Dalal, Yogen; Sunshine, Carl (December 1974), , Specification of Internet Transmission Control Protocol Today, the term Internet most commonly refers to the global system of interconnected computer networks, though it may also refer to any group of smaller networks.
Revised:  Today, the term Internet most commonly refers to the global system of interconnected computer networks, though it may also refer to any group of smaller networks.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  "Roads and Crossroads of Internet History" by Gregory Gromov. 1995 The third site was the Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics Center at the University of California, Santa Barbara, followed by the University of Utah Graphics Department.
Revised:  The third site was the Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics Center at the University of California, Santa Barbara, followed by the University of Utah Graphics Department.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  In 1974, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn used the term internet as a shorthand for internetwork in , , Vinton Cerf, Yogen Dalal, Carl Sunshine, Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program (December 1974) and later RFCs repeated this use.
Revised:  In 1974, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn used the term internet as a shorthand for internetwork in , and later RFCs repeated this use.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  NSFNET: A Partnership for High-Speed Networking, Final Report 1987–1995, Karen D. Frazer, Merit Network, Inc., 1995 The NSFNet expanded into academic and research organizations in Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Japan in 1988–89.
Revised:  The NSFNet expanded into academic and research organizations in Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Japan in 1988–89.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Since 1995, the Internet has tremendously impacted culture and commerce, including the rise of near instant communication by email, instant messaging, telephony (Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP), two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide WebHow the web went world wide , Mark Ward, Technology Correspondent, BBC News. Retrieved 24 January 2011. with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking services, and online shopping sites.
Revised:  Since 1995, the Internet has tremendously impacted culture and commerce, including the rise of near instant communication by email, instant messaging, telephony (Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP), two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking services, and online shopping sites.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  "Bush administration annexes internet" , Kieren McCarthy, The Register, 1 July 2005 The Internet Society (ISOC) was founded in 1992 with a mission to "assure the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world".
Revised:  The Internet Society (ISOC) was founded in 1992 with a mission to "assure the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world".
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2020 (24th Edition/July 2020) ; International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 2017a, Key ICT indicators for developed and developing countries and the world (totals and penetration rates). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database Mobile Internet connectivity has played an important role in expanding access in recent years especially in Asia and the Pacific and in Africa.
Revised:  Mobile Internet connectivity has played an important role in expanding access in recent years especially in Asia and the Pacific and in Africa.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Ron Brown, Fax invades the mail market, New Scientist , Vol. 56, No. 817 (Oct., 26, 1972), pp. 218–21.Herbert P. Luckett, What's News: Electronic-mail delivery gets started, Popular Science , Vol. 202, No. 3 (March 1973); page 85 Pictures, documents, and other files are sent as email attachments.
Revised:  Pictures, documents, and other files are sent as email attachments.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Several neologisms exist that refer to Internet users: Netizen (as in "citizen of the net") refers to those actively involved in improving online communities, the Internet in general or surrounding political affairs and rights such as free speech,netizen , Dictionary. comThe Net and Netizens by Michael Hauben , Columbia University.
Revised:  Several neologisms exist that refer to Internet users: Netizen (as in "citizen of the net") refers to those actively involved in improving online communities, the Internet in general or surrounding political affairs and rights such as free speech,netizen , Dictionary. com
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Collectively, members and practitioners of such sects construct viable virtual communities of faith, exchanging personal testimonies and engaging in the collective study via email, on-line chat rooms, and web-based message boards." Patricia M. Thornton, "The New Cybersects: Resistance and Repression in the Reform era. " In Elizabeth Perry and Mark Selden, eds., Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance (second edition) (London and New York: Routledge, 2003), pp. 149–50.
Revised:  Collectively, members and practitioners of such sects construct viable virtual communities of faith, exchanging personal testimonies and engaging in the collective study via email, on-line chat rooms, and web-based message boards." 
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  "The New Digital Economy: How it will transform business" , Oxford Economics, 2 July 2011 While much has been written of the economic advantages of Internet-enabled commerce, there is also evidence that some aspects of the Internet such as maps and location-aware services may serve to reinforce economic inequality and the digital divide.
Revised:  While much has been written of the economic advantages of Internet-enabled commerce, there is also evidence that some aspects of the Internet such as maps and location-aware services may serve to reinforce economic inequality and the digital divide.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  "E-commerce will make the shopping mall a retail wasteland" ZDNet, 17 January 2013"‘Free Shipping Day’ Promotion Spurs Late-Season Online Spending Surge, Improving Season-to-Date Growth Rate to 16 Percent vs. Year Ago" Comscore, 23 December 2012"The Death of the American Shopping Mall" The Atlantic – Cities, 26 December 2012 Author Andrew Keen, a long-time critic of the social transformations caused by the Internet, has focused on the economic effects of consolidation from Internet businesses.
Revised:  Author Andrew Keen, a long-time critic of the social transformations caused by the Internet, has focused on the economic effects of consolidation from Internet businesses.
Edit intent: clarity