wanyu/IteraTeR_full_sent huggingface dataset:
Original:  Although there is an established field that studies safety certification and convergence guarantee of complex software systems for decision-making during design-time , the uncertainty in run-time conditions and the unknown future deployment environments of autonomous systems as well as the complexity of learning-based perception systems make the generalisation of the verification results from design-time  to run-time problematic.
Revised:  Although there is an established field that studies safety certification and convergence guarantee of complex software systems for decision-making during design-time , the uncertainty in run-time conditions and the unknown future deployment environments of autonomous systems as well as the complexity of learning-based perception systems make the generalisation of the verification results from design-time verification to run-time problematic.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Governments require regional or national lockdowns in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, which causes large economic stagnation in wide areas because the declines of the lockdowns diffuse to other regions through supply chains.
Revised: Governments require regional or national lockdowns in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, governments have often required regional or national lockdowns, which have caused extensive economic stagnation over broad areas as the shock of the lockdowns diffuse to other regions through supply chains.
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Governments require regional or national lockdowns in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, which causes large economic stagnation in wide areas because the declines of the lockdowns diffuse to other regions through supply chains.
Revised: Governments require regional or national lockdowns in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, which causes large economic stagnation in wide areas because the declines of the lockdowns has diffused to other regions through supply chains.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This study examines how governments mitigate the economic losses when they are obliged to implement lockdowns , using supply-chain data for 1.6 million firms in Japan.
Revised:  Using supply-chain data for 1.6 million firms in Japan, this study examines how governments mitigate the economic losses when they are obliged to implement lockdowns , using supply-chain data for 1.6 million firms in Japan.
Edit intent: style
Original:  This study examines how governments mitigate the economic losses when they are obliged to implement lockdowns , using supply-chain data for 1.6 million firms in Japan. We find that the coordinated, i.e., simultaneous, lockdowns have less GDP losses than the incoordinated lockdownsthrough the test of all combinations of two-region lockdowns .
Revised:  This study examines how governments mitigate the economic losses when they are obliged to implement lockdowns . Through tests of all combinations of two-region lockdowns, we find that coordinated, i.e., simultaneous, lockdowns have less GDP losses than the incoordinated lockdownsthrough the test of all combinations of two-region lockdowns .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Furthermore, we test practical scenarios in which  47 regions are imposed lockdowns in three months and find that if nation-wide lockdowns are coordinated , the GDP losses are less than the uncoordinatedlockdowns .
Revised:  Furthermore, we test practical scenarios in which Japan's 47 regions are imposed lockdowns in three months and find that if nation-wide lockdowns are coordinated , the GDP losses are less than the uncoordinatedlockdowns .
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Furthermore, we test practical scenarios in which  47 regions are imposed lockdowns in three months and find that if nation-wide lockdowns are coordinated , the GDP losses are less than the uncoordinatedlockdowns .
Revised:  Furthermore, we test practical scenarios in which 47 regions impose lockdowns over three months and find that if nation-wide lockdowns are coordinated , the GDP losses are less than the uncoordinatedlockdowns .
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Furthermore, we test practical scenarios in which  47 regions are imposed lockdowns in three months and find that if nation-wide lockdowns are coordinated , the GDP losses are less than the uncoordinatedlockdowns .
Revised:  Furthermore, we test practical scenarios in which 47 regions are imposed lockdowns in three months and find that GDP losses are lower if nationwide lockdowns are coordinated , the GDP losses are less than the uncoordinatedlockdowns .
Edit intent: clarity
Original: Understanding the dynamics of patents and trademarks is a key aspect of tracking innovative progress/ egress. This paper empirically explores the chronological Hurst exponent (CHE) , an approach that calculates the Hurst exponent over an increasing duration of time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics , in the monthly numbers of United States patent and trademark applications from 1977 to 2016.
Revised: Understanding the dynamics of patents and trademarks is a key aspect of tracking innovative progress/ regress. Using exploratory statistics, the analysis uses a novel tool to leverage the long-range dependency (LRD) intrinsic to PTA to resolve when such factor(s) may have caused significant disruptions in the evolution of the indices, and thus give insight into substantive economic growth dynamics. Approach: This paper explores the use of the Chronological Hurst Exponent (CHE) , an approach that calculates the Hurst exponent over an increasing duration of time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics , in the monthly numbers of United States patent and trademark applications from 1977 to 2016.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  This paper empirically explores the chronological Hurst exponent (CHE) , an approach that calculates the Hurst exponent over an increasing duration of time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics , in the monthly numbers of United States patent and trademark applications from 1977 to 2016.
Revised:  This paper empirically explores the chronological Hurst exponent (CHE) to explore the LRD using overlapping time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics , in the monthly numbers of United States patent and trademark applications from 1977 to 2016.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  This paper empirically explores the chronological Hurst exponent (CHE) , an approach that calculates the Hurst exponent over an increasing duration of time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics , in the monthly numbers of United States patent and trademark applications from 1977 to 2016.
Revised:  This paper empirically explores the chronological Hurst exponent (CHE) , an approach that calculates the Hurst exponent over an increasing duration of time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics in the monthly numbers of United States patent and trademark applications from 1977 to 2016.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  This paper empirically explores the chronological Hurst exponent (CHE) , an approach that calculates the Hurst exponent over an increasing duration of time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics , in the monthly numbers of United States patent and trademark applications from 1977 to 2016.
Revised:  This paper empirically explores the chronological Hurst exponent (CHE) , an approach that calculates the Hurst exponent over an increasing duration of time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics , in the monthly PTA time-series spanning 1977 to 2016.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:   The CHE is found to increase in a clear 3-period S-curve pattern, achieving persistence ( Period 3: H~1) from non-persistence ( Period 1: H~0.5).
Revised:  Results/Discussion: The CHE is found to increase in a clear 3-period S-curve pattern, achieving persistence ( Period 3: H~1) from non-persistence ( Period 1: H~0.5).
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  For patents, Period 2, the time-varying period, occurred over a span of 10 years (1980-1990), while it was much sharper (3 years) for trademarks (1977-1980).
Revised:  For patents, the inflection occurred over a span of 10 years (1980-1990), while it was much sharper (3 years) for trademarks (1977-1980).
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Based on these data, it is hypothesized that the rapid augmentation in exogenous variables (such as increasing R&D expenditure or specific policy initiatives (viz. , Bayh Dole, Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind the increase of persistencyduring Period 2. Post-1990s exogenic variables led to the maintenance of the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric.
Revised:  Conclusions/Originality/Value: This analysis suggests (in part) that the rapid augmentation in exogenous variables (such as increasing R&D expenditure or specific policy initiatives (viz. , Bayh Dole, Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind the increase of persistencyduring Period 2. Post-1990s exogenic variables led to the maintenance of the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  Based on these data, it is hypothesized that the rapid augmentation in exogenous variables (such as increasing R&D expenditure or specific policy initiatives (viz. , Bayh Dole, Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind the increase of persistencyduring Period 2. Post-1990s exogenic variables led to the maintenance of the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric.
Revised:  Based on these data, it is hypothesized that the rapid augmentation in R&D expenditure or specific policy initiatives (viz. , Bayh Dole, Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind the increase of persistencyduring Period 2. Post-1990s exogenic variables led to the maintenance of the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Based on these data, it is hypothesized that the rapid augmentation in exogenous variables (such as increasing R&D expenditure or specific policy initiatives (viz. , Bayh Dole, Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind the increase of persistencyduring Period 2. Post-1990s exogenic variables led to the maintenance of the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric.
Revised:  Based on these data, it is hypothesized that the rapid augmentation in exogenous variables (such as increasing R&D expenditure and the introduction of the various patent directed policy acts (e.g., Bayh-Dole , Bayh Dole, Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind the increase of persistencyduring Period 2. Post-1990s exogenic variables led to the maintenance of the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  Based on these data, it is hypothesized that the rapid augmentation in exogenous variables (such as increasing R&D expenditure or specific policy initiatives (viz. , Bayh Dole, Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind the increase of persistencyduring Period 2. Post-1990s exogenic variables led to the maintenance of the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric.
Revised:  Based on these data, it is hypothesized that the rapid augmentation in exogenous variables (such as increasing R&D expenditure or specific policy initiatives (viz. , Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind the increase of persistencyduring Period 2. Post-1990s exogenic variables led to the maintenance of the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  Based on these data, it is hypothesized that the rapid augmentation in exogenous variables (such as increasing R&D expenditure or specific policy initiatives (viz. , Bayh Dole, Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind the increase of persistencyduring Period 2. Post-1990s exogenic variables led to the maintenance of the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric.
Revised:  Based on these data, it is hypothesized that the rapid augmentation in exogenous variables (such as increasing R&D expenditure or specific policy initiatives (viz. , Bayh Dole, Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind persistency, latent in PTA. The post-1990s exogenic factors seem to be simply maintaining the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  After the events of January 6  2021, Parler has been progressively deplatformed, with its app being removed from popular mobile stores and the entire website being taken down by their hosting provider.
Revised:  After the storming of the US Capitol on January 6 2021, Parler has been progressively deplatformed, with its app being removed from popular mobile stores and the entire website being taken down by their hosting provider.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  After the events of January 6  2021, Parler has been progressively deplatformed, with its app being removed from popular mobile stores and the entire website being taken down by their hosting provider.
Revised:  After the events of January 6 , 2021, Parler has been progressively deplatformed, with its app being removed from popular mobile stores and the entire website being taken down by their hosting provider.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  After the events of January 6  2021, Parler has been progressively deplatformed, with its app being removed from popular mobile stores and the entire website being taken down by their hosting provider.
Revised:  After the events of January 6 2021, Parler has been progressively deplatformed, as its app was removed from Apple/Google Play stores and the entire website being taken down by their hosting provider.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  In this paper , we provide the first data-driven characterization of Parler. We collected 120M posts from 2.1M users posted between 2018 and 2020 as well as metadata from 12M user profiles.
Revised:  This paper presents a dataset of 183M Parler posts made by 4M users between August 2018 and 2020 as well as metadata from 12M user profiles.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  As a feasible solution to these issues, in this paper, we propose a new methodology to automatically deform elastic rods into 2D desired shapes . For that, we present an efficient vision-based controller that uses a deep autoencoder network  to compute a compact representation of the object's infinite dimensional shape.
Revised:  As a feasible solution to these issues, in this paper, we propose a new methodology to automatically deform elastic rods into 2D desired shapes is presented. An efficient vision-based controller that uses a deep autoencoder network to compute a compact representation of the object's infinite dimensional shape.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  For that, we present an efficient vision-based controller that uses a deep autoencoder network  to compute a compact representation of the object's infinite dimensional shape. To deal with the (typically unknown) mechanical properties of the object, we use an online algorithm that approximates the sensorimotor mapping between the robot's configuration and the object's shape features .
Revised:  For that, we present an efficient vision-based controller that uses a deep autoencoder network to compute a compact representation of the object's infinite-dimensional shape. An online algorithm that approximates the sensorimotor mapping between the robot's configuration and the object's shape features .
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  To deal with the (typically unknown) mechanical properties of the object, we use an online algorithm that approximates the sensorimotor mapping between the robot's configuration and the object's shape features . Our new approach has the capability to compute the rod's centerline from raw visual data in real-time ;
Revised:  To deal with the (typically unknown) mechanical properties of the object, we use an online algorithm that approximates the sensorimotor mapping between the robot's configuration and the object's shape features is used to deal with the latter's (typically unknown) mechanical properties. The proposed approach computes the rod's centerline from raw visual data in real-time ;
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  The proposed framework was tailored to glioblastoma, a type of malignant tumor characterized by its diffuse infiltration into the surrounding brain tissue, which poses significant challenge to treatment target and tumor burden estimation based on conventional structural MRI.
Revised:  The proposed framework is tailored to glioblastoma, a type of malignant tumor characterized by its diffuse infiltration into the surrounding brain tissue, which poses significant challenge to treatment target and tumor burden estimation based on conventional structural MRI.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  The proposed framework was tailored to glioblastoma, a type of malignant tumor characterized by its diffuse infiltration into the surrounding brain tissue, which poses significant challenge to treatment target and tumor burden estimation based on conventional structural MRI.
Revised:  The proposed framework was tailored to glioblastoma, a type of malignant tumor characterized by its diffuse infiltration into the surrounding brain tissue, which poses significant challenge to treatment target and tumor burden estimation using conventional structural MRI.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We evaluated the model on a glioblastoma dataset with the available pre-operative multiparametric MRI and recurrence MRI . EMReDL was shown to effectively segment the infiltrated tumor from the partially labelled region of potential infiltration.
Revised:  We evaluated the model on a glioblastoma dataset with the pre-operative multiparametric MRI and recurrence MRI . EMReDL was shown to effectively segment the infiltrated tumor from the partially labelled region of potential infiltration.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  We evaluated the model on a glioblastoma dataset with the available pre-operative multiparametric MRI and recurrence MRI . EMReDL was shown to effectively segment the infiltrated tumor from the partially labelled region of potential infiltration.
Revised:  We evaluated the model on a glioblastoma dataset with the available pre-operative multiparametric and recurrence MRI . EMReDL was shown to effectively segment the infiltrated tumor from the partially labelled region of potential infiltration.
Edit intent: fluency
Original:  We evaluated the model on a glioblastoma dataset with the available pre-operative multiparametric MRI and recurrence MRI . EMReDL was shown to effectively segment the infiltrated tumor from the partially labelled region of potential infiltration.
Revised:  We evaluated the model on a glioblastoma dataset with the available pre-operative multiparametric MRI and recurrence MRI available. EMReDL showed to effectively segment the infiltrated tumor from the partially labelled region of potential infiltration.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A new differential abundance test is introduced in this paper to address these challenges, referred to as the robust differential abundance (RDB) test  . Compared with existing methods, the RDB test 1) is simple and computationally efficient, 2) is robust to prevalent zero counts in compositional datasets, 3) can take the data's compositional nature into account, and 4) has a theoretical guarantee to control false discoveries in a general setting.
Revised:  This study introduces a new differential abundance test is introduced in this paper to address these challenges, referred to as the robust differential abundance (RDB) test . Compared with existing methods, the RDB test 1) is simple and computationally efficient, 2) is robust to prevalent zero counts in compositional datasets, 3) can take the data's compositional nature into account, and 4) has a theoretical guarantee to control false discoveries in a general setting.
Edit intent: clarity
Original:  A new differential abundance test is introduced in this paper to address these challenges, referred to as the robust differential abundance (RDB) test  . Compared with existing methods, the RDB test 1) is simple and computationally efficient, 2) is robust to prevalent zero counts in compositional datasets, 3) can take the data's compositional nature into account, and 4) has a theoretical guarantee to control false discoveries in a general setting.
Revised:  A new differential abundance test , the robust differential abundance (RDB) test . Compared with existing methods, the RDB test 1) is simple and computationally efficient, 2) is robust to prevalent zero counts in compositional datasets, 3) can take the data's compositional nature into account, and 4) has a theoretical guarantee to control false discoveries in a general setting.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  A new differential abundance test is introduced in this paper to address these challenges, referred to as the robust differential abundance (RDB) test  . Compared with existing methods, the RDB test 1) is simple and computationally efficient, 2) is robust to prevalent zero counts in compositional datasets, 3) can take the data's compositional nature into account, and 4) has a theoretical guarantee to control false discoveries in a general setting.
Revised:  A new differential abundance test is introduced in this paper to address these challenges, referred to as the robust differential abundance (RDB) test , to address these challenges . Compared with existing methods, the RDB test 1) is simple and computationally efficient, 2) is robust to prevalent zero counts in compositional datasets, 3) can take the data's compositional nature into account, and 4) has a theoretical guarantee to control false discoveries in a general setting.
Edit intent: coherence
Original:  A new differential abundance test is introduced in this paper to address these challenges, referred to as the robust differential abundance (RDB) test  . Compared with existing methods, the RDB test 1) is simple and computationally efficient, 2) is robust to prevalent zero counts in compositional datasets, 3) can take the data's compositional nature into account, and 4) has a theoretical guarantee to control false discoveries in a general setting.
Revised:  A new differential abundance test is introduced in this paper to address these challenges, referred to as the robust differential abundance (RDB) test . Compared with existing methods, the RDB test 1) is simple and computationally efficient, 2) is robust to prevalent zero counts in compositional datasets, 3) can take the data's compositional nature into account, and 4) has a theoretical guarantee of controlling false discoveries in a general setting.
Edit intent: fluency
Original: Finding a maximum independent set is a fundamental NP-hard problem  . Given an unweighted graph, this problem asks for a maximum cardinality set of pairwise non-adjacent vertices.
Revised: Finding a maximum independent set is a fundamental NP-hard problem that is used in many real-world applications . Given an unweighted graph, this problem asks for a maximum cardinality set of pairwise non-adjacent vertices.
Edit intent: meaning-changed
Original:  They either (1) aim to decompose the graph into two or more connected components which can then be solved independently, or (2) try to remove vertices that hinder the application of a reduction rule which can lead to smaller graphs. Our experimental evaluation on a large set of real-world instances indicates that our strategies are able to improve the performance of the state-of-the-art branch-and-reduce algorithm by Akiba and Iwata .
Revised:  They either (1) aim to decompose the graph into two or more connected components which can then be solved independently, or (2) try to remove vertices that hinder the application of a reduction rule . Our experiments on a large set of real-world instances indicates that our strategies are able to improve the performance of the state-of-the-art branch-and-reduce algorithm by Akiba and Iwata .
Edit intent: clarity