id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11,579,078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20specificity | Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species.
Biochemist Linus Pauling stated that "Biological specificity is the set of characteristics of living organisms or constituents of living organisms of being special or doing somethin... | Biological specificity | [
"Biology"
] | 1,032 | [
"Evolutionary biology concepts"
] |
11,580,204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream%20sharing | Dream sharing is the process of documenting or discussing both night and daydreams with others. Dreams are novel but realistic simulations of waking social life. One of the primary purposes of sharing dreams is entertainment.
Dream sharing is a strategy that tests and strengthens the bond between people. A dream can b... | Dream sharing | [
"Biology"
] | 729 | [
"Dream",
"Behavior",
"Sleep"
] |
3,350,111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener%E2%80%93Khinchin%20theorem | In applied mathematics, the Wiener–Khinchin theorem or Wiener–Khintchine theorem, also known as the Wiener–Khinchin–Einstein theorem or the Khinchin–Kolmogorov theorem, states that the autocorrelation function of a wide-sense-stationary random process has a spectral decomposition given by the power spectral density of ... | Wiener–Khinchin theorem | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,119 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Theorems in probability theory",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems"
] |
3,352,292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelet%20transform | In mathematics, a wavelet series is a representation of a square-integrable (real- or complex-valued) function by a certain orthonormal series generated by a wavelet. This article provides a formal, mathematical definition of an orthonormal wavelet and of the integral wavelet transform.
Definition
A function is calle... | Wavelet transform | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,306 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Functional analysis",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
3,352,423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20fluoride | Hydrogen fluoride (fluorane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula . It is a very poisonous, colorless gas or liquid that dissolves in water to yield hydrofluoric acid. It is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the form of hydrofluoric acid, and is an important feedstock in the preparation of... | Hydrogen fluoride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,505 | [
"Molecules",
"Salts",
"Industrial gases",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Diatomic molecules",
"Fluorides",
"Matter"
] |
3,352,536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic%20star | An exotic star is a hypothetical compact star composed of exotic matter (something not made of electrons, protons, neutrons, or muons), and balanced against gravitational collapse by degeneracy pressure or other quantum properties.
Types of exotic stars include
quark stars (composed of quarks)
strange stars (compos... | Exotic star | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,707 | [
"Exotic matter",
"Astronomical classification systems",
"Compact stars",
"Star types",
"Matter"
] |
18,193,302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodissociation%20region | In astrophysics, photodissociation regions (or photon-dominated regions, PDRs) are predominantly neutral regions of the interstellar medium in which far ultraviolet photons strongly influence the gas chemistry and act as the most important source of heat. They occur in any region of interstellar gas that is dense and c... | Photodissociation region | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 226 | [
"Interstellar media",
"Outer space",
"Plasma physics",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics",
"Astrophysics stubs",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Outer space stubs",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
18,193,964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-Poincar%C3%A9%20algebra | In physics and mathematics, the κ-Poincaré algebra, named after Henri Poincaré, is a deformation of the Poincaré algebra into a Hopf algebra. In the bicrossproduct basis, introduced by Majid-Ruegg its commutation rules reads:
Where are the translation generators, the rotations and the boosts.
The coproducts ... | K-Poincaré algebra | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 133 | [
"Algebra stubs",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical physics",
"Algebra"
] |
18,195,193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermo-magnetic%20motor | Thermomagnetic motors (also known as Curie wheels, Curie-motors and pyromagnetic motors) convert heat into kinetic energy using the thermomagnetic effect, i.e., the influence of temperature on the magnetic material magnetization.
Historical background
This technology dates back to 19th century, when a number of scie... | Thermo-magnetic motor | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 211 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Engines",
"Electric motors"
] |
18,198,290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft%20story%20building | A soft story building is a multi-story building in which one or more floors have windows, wide doors, large unobstructed commercial spaces, or other openings in places where a shear wall would normally be required for stability as a matter of earthquake engineering design. A typical soft story building is an apartment... | Soft story building | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,047 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Earthquake engineering",
"Earthquake and seismic risk mitigation"
] |
18,199,714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidarabine%20phosphate | Vidarabine phosphate is an adenosine monophosphate nucleotide in which ribose is replaces by an arabinso moiety. It has antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties.
See also
Vidarabine
References
Nucleotides | Vidarabine phosphate | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 55 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemistry"
] |
18,200,485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnaert%20function | The Minnaert function is a photometric function used to interpret astronomical observations and remote sensing data for the Earth. It was named after the astronomer Marcel Minnaert. This function expresses the radiance factor (RADF) as a function the phase angle (), the photometric latitude () and the photometric longi... | Minnaert function | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 216 | [
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Observational astronomy",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Equations of astronomy"
] |
18,200,701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korringa%E2%80%93Kohn%E2%80%93Rostoker%20method | The Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker (KKR) method is used to calculate the electronic band structure of periodic solids. In the derivation of the method using multiple scattering theory by Jan Korringa and the derivation based on the Kohn and Rostoker variational method, the muffin-tin approximation was used. Later calculations ... | Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker method | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,008 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Computational physics",
"Electronic structure methods",
"Computational chemistry"
] |
18,203,720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20degree%20theory | In mathematics, topological degree theory is a generalization of the winding number of a curve in the complex plane. It can be used to estimate the number of solutions of an equation, and is closely connected to fixed-point theory. When one solution of an equation is easily found, degree theory can often be used to pro... | Topological degree theory | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 244 | [
"Algebraic topology",
"Topology stubs",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Differential topology",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime"
] |
18,204,005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich%20Kohlenbach | Ulrich Wilhelm Kohlenbach (born 27 July 1962 in Frankfurt am Main) is a German mathematician and professor of algebra and logic at the Technische Universität Darmstadt. His research interests lie in the field of proof mining.
Kohlenbach was president of the German Association for Mathematical Logic and for Basic Resea... | Ulrich Kohlenbach | [
"Mathematics"
] | 371 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical logicians"
] |
18,204,479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connected%20Urban%20Development | Connected Urban Development (CUD) is a private-public partnership, initiated in 2006 by Cisco in cooperation with the cities of Amsterdam, San Francisco, and Seoul, to work towards a further reduction of carbon emissions through improvements in the efficiency of the urban infrastructure. It follows on Cisco's commitmen... | Connected Urban Development | [
"Engineering"
] | 297 | [
"Urban planning",
"Architecture"
] |
18,205,060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20law | Transport law (or transportation law) is the area of law dealing with transport. The laws can apply very broadly at a transport system level or more narrowly to transport things or activities within that system such as vehicles, things and behaviours. Transport law is generally found in two main areas:
Legislation o... | Transport law | [
"Physics"
] | 921 | [
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Transport law"
] |
16,987,262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville%20Ridge | The Louisville Ridge, often now referred to as the Louisville Seamount Chain, is an underwater chain of over 70 seamounts located in the Southwest portion of the Pacific Ocean. As one of the longest seamount chains on Earth it stretches some from the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge northwest to the Tonga-Kermadec Trench, wher... | Louisville Ridge | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 853 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
16,993,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moody%20chart | In engineering, the Moody chart or Moody diagram (also Stanton diagram) is a graph in non-dimensional form that relates the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor fD, Reynolds number Re, and surface roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe. It can be used to predict pressure drop or flow rate down such a pipe.
Hi... | Moody chart | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 629 | [
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
16,993,965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced%20derivative | In mathematics, the reduced derivative is a generalization of the notion of derivative that is well-suited to the study of functions of bounded variation. Although functions of bounded variation have derivatives in the sense of Radon measures, it is desirable to have a derivative that takes values in the same space as... | Reduced derivative | [
"Mathematics"
] | 613 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Differential calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
16,994,785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propellants%2C%20Explosives%20and%20Rocket%20Motor%20Establishment | Propellants, Explosives and Rocket Motor Establishment, usually known for brevity as PERME, operated at two sites:
Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills, known from 1977 as PERME Waltham Abbey
Rocket Propulsion Establishment established at RAF Westcott in 1946, also known as PERME Westcott
RAF Spadeadam, also known as... | Propellants, Explosives and Rocket Motor Establishment | [
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 98 | [
"Rocketry",
"Rocketry stubs",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
4,540,869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20code | A Radio code is any code that is commonly used over a telecommunication system such as Morse code, brevity codes and procedure words.
Brevity code
Brevity codes are designed to convey complex information with a few words or codes. Specific brevity codes include:
ACP-131
Aeronautical Code signals
ARRL Numbered Ra... | Radio code | [
"Technology"
] | 489 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Telecommunications"
] |
4,541,666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20tracking%20velocimetry | Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is a velocimetry method i.e. a technique to measure velocities and trajectories of moving objects. In fluid mechanics research these objects are neutrally buoyant particles that are suspended in fluid flow. As the name suggests, individual particles are tracked, so this technique is ... | Particle tracking velocimetry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,260 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Chemical engineering",
"Quantity",
"Measurement",
"Size",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
4,542,797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20well%20pump | A water well pump is a pump that is used in extracting water from a water well.
Deep well pumps extract groundwater from subterranean aquifers, offering a reliable source of water independent of municipal networks. These pumps, often submersible and powered by electricity, can access water reserves located much deeper... | Water well pump | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 178 | [
"Pumps",
"Hydrology",
"Turbomachinery",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Water wells",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
4,543,610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop%20braid%20group | The loop braid group is a mathematical group structure that is used in some models of theoretical physics to model the exchange of particles with loop-like topologies within three dimensions of space and time.
The basic operations which generate a loop braid group for n loops are exchanges of two adjacent loops, and ... | Loop braid group | [
"Mathematics"
] | 350 | [
"Topology stubs",
"Topology"
] |
420,302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical%20efficiency | In mechanical engineering, mechanical efficiency is a dimensionless ratio that measures the efficiency of a mechanism or machine in transforming the power input to the device to power output. A machine is a mechanical linkage in which force is applied at one point, and the force does work moving a load at another poin... | Mechanical efficiency | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 324 | [
"Mechanical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Mechanisms (engineering)"
] |
420,335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal%20machine | The term ideal machine refers to a hypothetical mechanical system in which energy and power are not lost or dissipated through friction, deformation, wear, or other inefficiencies. Ideal machines have the theoretical maximum performance, and therefore are used as a baseline for evaluating the performance of real mach... | Ideal machine | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 417 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
420,361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive%20tracer | A radioactive tracer, radiotracer, or radioactive label is a synthetic derivative of a natural compound in which one or more atoms have been replaced by a radionuclide (a radioactive atom). By virtue of its radioactive decay, it can be used to explore the mechanism of chemical reactions by tracing the path that the rad... | Radioactive tracer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,552 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Medicinal radiochemistry",
"Radiobiology",
"Radiopharmaceuticals",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"Nuclear physics",
"Biochemistry",
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Radioactivity"
] |
420,737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin%20pest | Tin pest is an autocatalytic, allotropic transformation of the element tin, which causes deterioration of tin objects at low temperatures. Tin pest has also been called tin disease, tin blight, tin plague, or tin leprosy. It is an autocatalytic process, accelerating once it begins. It was first documented in the scient... | Tin pest | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,035 | [
"Periodic table",
"Properties of chemical elements",
"Allotropes",
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"Corrosion",
"Materials",
"Electrochemistry",
"nan",
"Materials degradation",
"Matter"
] |
420,912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20multi-mission%20operations%20system | The advanced multi-mission operations system (AMMOS) is a common set of services and tools created by the Interplanetary Network Directorate, a division of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, for use in JPL's operation of spacecraft. These tools include a means by which mission planning and analysis can be undertaken, as we... | Advanced multi-mission operations system | [
"Engineering"
] | 153 | [
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
421,121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%20barrier | The Coulomb barrier, named after Coulomb's law, which is in turn named after physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, is the energy barrier due to electrostatic interaction that two nuclei need to overcome so they can get close enough to undergo a nuclear reaction.
Potential energy barrier
This energy barrier is given ... | Coulomb barrier | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 751 | [
"Nuclear chemistry",
"Nuclear fusion",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
421,149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscope | An endoscope is an inspection instrument composed of image sensor, optical lens, light source and mechanical device, which is used to look deep into the body by way of openings such as the mouth or anus. A typical endoscope applies several modern technologies including optics, ergonomics, precision mechanics, electroni... | Endoscope | [
"Biology"
] | 2,713 | [
"Medical devices",
"Medical technology"
] |
421,341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio%20test | In mathematics, the ratio test is a test (or "criterion") for the convergence of a series
where each term is a real or complex number and is nonzero when is large. The test was first published by Jean le Rond d'Alembert and is sometimes known as d'Alembert's ratio test or as the Cauchy ratio test.
The test
The us... | Ratio test | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,961 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Convergence tests",
"Articles containing proofs"
] |
421,597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractive%20effort | In railway engineering, the term tractive effort describes the pulling or pushing capability of a locomotive. The published tractive force value for any vehicle may be theoretical—that is, calculated from known or implied mechanical properties—or obtained via testing under controlled conditions. The discussion herein ... | Tractive effort | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,162 | [
"Vehicles",
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
421,914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive%20rhythm%20and%20divisive%20rhythm | In music, the terms additive and divisive are used to distinguish two types of both rhythm and meter:
A divisive (or, alternately, multiplicative) rhythm is a rhythm in which a larger period of time is divided into smaller rhythmic units or, conversely, some integer unit is regularly multiplied into larger, equal uni... | Additive rhythm and divisive rhythm | [
"Physics"
] | 2,104 | [
"Spacetime",
"Rhythm and meter",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
421,940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg%27s%20law | In many areas of science, Bragg's law, Wulff–Bragg's condition, or Laue–Bragg interference are a special case of Laue diffraction, giving the angles for coherent scattering of waves from a large crystal lattice. It describes how the superposition of wave fronts scattered by lattice planes leads to a strict relation bet... | Bragg's law | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,142 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"X-rays",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography",
"Diffraction",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
422,481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy%20equivalence | In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative constant and the units of measurement. The principle is described by the physicist Albert Einstein's formula: . In a reference frame where the system is movi... | Mass–energy equivalence | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 8,862 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Size",
"Special relativity",
"Energy (physics)",
"Theory of relativity",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
422,567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fehling%27s%20solution | In organic chemistry, Fehling's solution is a chemical reagent used to differentiate between water-soluble carbohydrate and ketone () functional groups, and as a test for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, supplementary to the Tollens' reagent test. The test was developed by German chemist Hermann von Fehling in ... | Fehling's solution | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 947 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Redox",
"Coordination complexes",
"Coordination chemistry",
"Biochemistry detection methods",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Chemical tests",
"Carbohydrate chemistry",
"Carbohydrate methods",
"Analytical reagents"
] |
422,711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivariant%20map | In mathematics, equivariance is a form of symmetry for functions from one space with symmetry to another (such as symmetric spaces). A function is said to be an equivariant map when its domain and codomain are acted on by the same symmetry group, and when the function commutes with the action of the group. That is, app... | Equivariant map | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,460 | [
"Group actions",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Geometry",
"Representation theory",
"Symmetry"
] |
423,207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20spiral%20toroid | Electron Power Systems, Inc. of Acton, Massachusetts, United States, claims to have developed a technology for maintaining small stable plasma toroids called electron spiral toroids (ESTs) which remain stable in Earth's atmosphere without the use of any special magnetic fields. They claim to have created these toroids ... | Electron spiral toroid | [
"Physics"
] | 311 | [
"Plasma technology and applications",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Plasma physics"
] |
423,387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifreeze%20protein | Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in temperatures below the freezing point of water. AFPs bind to small ice crystals to inhibit the growth and recrystallization of ice that would oth... | Antifreeze protein | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,011 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Cryobiology"
] |
15,291,723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical%20control%20system | A hierarchical control system (HCS) is a form of control system in which a set of devices and governing software is arranged in a hierarchical tree. When the links in the tree are implemented by a computer network, then that hierarchical control system is also a form of networked control system.
Overview
A human-bui... | Hierarchical control system | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,208 | [
"Robotics engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Control engineering",
"Robot architectures",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
15,291,970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schur%E2%80%93Weyl%20duality | Schur–Weyl duality is a mathematical theorem in representation theory that relates irreducible finite-dimensional representations of the general linear and symmetric groups. Schur–Weyl duality forms an archetypical situation in representation theory involving two kinds of symmetry that determine each other. It is named... | Schur–Weyl duality | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,139 | [
"Representation theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Tensors"
] |
15,292,435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermally%20stimulated%20current%20spectroscopy | Thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy (not to be confused with thermally stimulated depolarization current) is an experimental technique which is used to study energy levels in semiconductors or insulators (organic or inorganic). Energy levels are first filled either by optical or electrical injection usually... | Thermally stimulated current spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 949 | [
"Instrumental analysis",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
15,293,846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pople%20notation | The Pople notation is named after the Nobel laureate John Pople and is a simple method of presenting second-order spin coupling systems in NMR.
The notation labels each (NMR active) nucleus with a letter of the alphabet. The difference in chemical shift, δ, relative to the J-coupling between nuclei mirrors the separat... | Pople notation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 319 | [
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance stubs",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
15,294,873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroosmotic%20pump | An electroosmotic pump is used for generating flow or pressure by use of an electric field. One application of this is removing liquid flooding water from channels and gas diffusion layers and direct hydration of the proton exchange membrane in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of the proton exchange membrane fuel ... | Electroosmotic pump | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 513 | [
"Pumps",
"Microfluidics",
"Microtechnology",
"Turbomachinery",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics"
] |
15,295,573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowler%20process | The Fowler process is an industry and laboratory route to fluorocarbons, by fluorinating hydrocarbons or their partially fluorinated derivatives in the vapor phase over cobalt(III) fluoride.
Background
The Manhattan Project required the production and handling of uranium hexafluoride for uranium enrichment, whether b... | Fowler process | [
"Chemistry"
] | 961 | [
"Chemical process engineering",
"Chemical processes",
"nan"
] |
10,147,895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosion%20protection | Explosion protection is used to protect all sorts of buildings and civil engineering infrastructure against internal and external explosions or deflagrations. It was widely believed until recently that a building subject to an explosive attack had a chance to remain standing only if it possessed some extraordinary resi... | Explosion protection | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 658 | [
"Explosion protection",
"Combustion engineering",
"Explosions"
] |
10,148,651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal%20combustion%20products | Coal combustion products (CCPs), also called coal combustion wastes (CCWs) or coal combustion residuals (CCRs), are categorized in four groups, each based on physical and chemical forms derived from coal combustion methods and emission controls:
Fly ash is captured after coal combustion by filters (bag houses), elect... | Coal combustion products | [
"Physics"
] | 8,398 | [
"Materials",
"Waste",
"Matter"
] |
10,155,189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAT5 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) refers to two highly related proteins, STAT5A and STAT5B, which are part of the seven-membered STAT family of proteins. Though STAT5A and STAT5B are encoded by separate genes, the proteins are 90% identical at the amino acid level. STAT5 proteins are involved i... | STAT5 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,000 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Immune system",
"Gene expression",
"Signal transduction",
"Organ systems",
"Molecular genetics",
"Induced stem cells",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Proteins",
"Neurochemistry",
"Transcription factors"
] |
10,158,085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny%20Krinov | Yevgeny Leonidovich Krinov () (3 March 1906 – 2 January 1984), D.G.S., was a Soviet Russian astronomer and geologist, born in Otyassy () village in the Morshansky District of the Tambov Governorate of the Russian Empire. Krinov was a renowned meteorite researcher; the mineral Krinovite, discovered in 1966, was named a... | Yevgeny Krinov | [
"Physics"
] | 409 | [
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Tunguska event"
] |
10,158,584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kicker%20magnet | Kicker magnets are dipole magnets used to rapidly switch a particle beam between two paths. Conceptually similar to a railroad switch in function, a kicker magnet must switch on very rapidly, then maintain a stable magnetic field for some minimum time. Switch-off time is also important, but less critical.
An injecti... | Kicker magnet | [
"Physics"
] | 460 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental physics"
] |
222,676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20acids%20and%20bases | A Lewis acid (named for the American physical chemist Gilbert N. Lewis) is a chemical species that contains an empty orbital which is capable of accepting an electron pair from a Lewis base to form a Lewis adduct. A Lewis base, then, is any species that has a filled orbital containing an electron pair which is not invo... | Lewis acids and bases | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,889 | [
"Acid–base chemistry",
"Acids",
"Equilibrium chemistry",
"nan",
"Bases (chemistry)"
] |
222,685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilithium | Dilithium, Li2, is a strongly electrophilic, diatomic molecule comprising two lithium atoms covalently bonded together. Li2 has been observed in the gas phase.
It has a bond order of 1, an internuclear separation of 267.3 pm and a bond energy of 102 kJ/mol or 1.06 eV in each bond.
The electron configuration of Li2 m... | Dilithium | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 375 | [
"Periodic table",
"Properties of chemical elements",
"Allotropes",
"Materials",
"Matter"
] |
222,834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%20airport | A model airport is a scale model of an airport.
While airport models have been around, in a way, since airfields were open to the public, early model airports were basically restricted to public showcases about the airport and its surroundings to the public; these were usually located inside the airport themselves.
Si... | Model airport | [
"Physics"
] | 443 | [
"Scale modeling"
] |
223,011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratology | Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development in organisms during their life span. It is a sub-discipline in medical genetics which focuses on the classification of congenital abnormalities in dysmorphology caused by teratogens and also in pharmacology and toxicology. Teratogens are substances t... | Teratology | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 4,037 | [
"Radiation health effects",
"Behavior",
"Developmental biology",
"Reproduction",
"Radiation effects",
"Teratogens",
"Radioactivity"
] |
223,160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gantt%20chart | A Gantt chart is a bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. It was designed and popularized by Henry Gantt around the years 1910–1915. Modern Gantt charts also show the dependency relationships between activities and the current schedule status.
Definition
A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a... | Gantt chart | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,260 | [
"Design engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Civil engineering",
"Spacetime",
"Technical drawing",
"Schedule (project management)"
] |
223,239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euratom | The European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) is an international organisation established by the Euratom Treaty on 25 March 1957 with the original purpose of creating a specialist market for nuclear power in Europe, by developing nuclear energy and distributing it to its member states while selling the surplu... | Euratom | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,647 | [
"International nuclear energy organizations",
"Nuclear organizations",
"Radiation protection organizations"
] |
223,352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator | An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature. Occasionally, a linear alternator or a rotating armature with a stationary magn... | Alternator | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 3,066 | [
"Physical systems",
"Electrical generators",
"Machines"
] |
223,361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20regulator | In electronics, a linear regulator is a voltage regulator used to maintain a steady voltage. The resistance of the regulator varies in accordance with both the input voltage and the load, resulting in a constant voltage output. The regulating circuit varies its resistance, continuously adjusting a voltage divider netwo... | Linear regulator | [
"Physics"
] | 3,063 | [
"Voltage",
"Physical quantities",
"Voltage regulation"
] |
223,407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switched-mode%20power%20supply | A switched-mode power supply (SMPS), also called switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, switched power supply, or simply switcher, is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently.
Like other power supplies, a SMPS transfers power from a DC o... | Switched-mode power supply | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 5,604 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Voltage regulation",
"Electronic engineering",
"Voltage",
"Power electronics"
] |
224,300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowen%20ratio | The Bowen ratio is used to describe the type of heat transfer for a surface that has moisture. Heat transfer can either occur as sensible heat (differences in temperature without evapotranspiration) or latent heat (the energy required during a change of state, without a change in temperature). The Bowen ratio is gene... | Bowen ratio | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 358 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Metrics",
"Engineering ratios",
"Quantity",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
224,301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary%20layer | In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is the thin layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface formed by the fluid flowing along the surface. The fluid's interaction with the wall induces a no-slip boundary condition (zero velocity at the wall). The flow velocity then monotonically increa... | Boundary layer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 5,556 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Boundary layers",
"Thermodynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
224,312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapse%20rate | The lapse rate is the rate at which an atmospheric variable, normally temperature in Earth's atmosphere, falls with altitude. Lapse rate arises from the word lapse (in its "becoming less" sense, not its "interruption" sense). In dry air, the adiabatic lapse rate (i.e., decrease in temperature of a parcel of air that r... | Lapse rate | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,881 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mathematical objects",
"Meteorological quantities",
"Vertical distributions",
"Civil engineering",
"Mathematical relations",
"Fluid mechanics"
] |
224,636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry | Supersymmetry is a theoretical framework in physics that suggests the existence of a symmetry between particles with integer spin (bosons) and particles with half-integer spin (fermions). It proposes that for every known particle, there exists a partner particle with different spin properties. There have been multiple ... | Supersymmetry | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 8,092 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"History of science and technology",
"History of science",
"Theoretical physics",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Particle physics",
"nan",
"Supersymmetry",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Symmetry"
] |
225,256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon%20carbide | Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum (), is a hard chemical compound containing silicon and carbon. A wide bandgap semiconductor, it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite, but has been mass-produced as a powder and crystal since 1893 for use as an abrasive. Grains of silicon carbide can ... | Silicon carbide | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 6,405 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Metallurgy",
"Materials",
"Gemstones",
"Ceramic engineering",
"Inorganic silicon compounds",
"Refractory materials",
"Synthetic materials",
"Semiconductor materials",
"Group IV semiconductors",
"Electronic engineering",
"Ceramic materials",
"E... |
225,617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20law%20of%20thermodynamics | The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed system at thermodynamic equilibrium approaches a constant value when its temperature approaches absolute zero. This constant value cannot depend on any other parameters characterizing the system, such as pressure or applied magnetic field. At absolute ... | Third law of thermodynamics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,454 | [
"Thermodynamics",
"Laws of thermodynamics"
] |
7,864,709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%27s%20function%20%28many-body%20theory%29 | In many-body theory, the term Green's function (or Green function) is sometimes used interchangeably with correlation function, but refers specifically to correlators of field operators or creation and annihilation operators.
The name comes from the Green's functions used to solve inhomogeneous differential equations,... | Green's function (many-body theory) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,055 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
7,864,782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruent%20melting | Congruent melting occurs during melting of a compound when the composition of the liquid that forms is the same as the composition of the solid. It can be contrasted with incongruent melting. This generally happens in two-component systems. To take a general case, let A and B be the two components and AB a stable solid... | Congruent melting | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 310 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science stubs",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
7,867,682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Longuet-Higgins | Hugh Christopher Longuet-Higgins (11 April 1923 – 27 March 2004) was a British theoretical chemist and cognitive scientist. He was the Professor of Theoretical Chemistry at the University of Cambridge for 13 years until 1967 when he moved to the University of Edinburgh to work in the developing field of cognitive scien... | Christopher Longuet-Higgins | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,124 | [
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Physical chemists",
"Theoretical chemists"
] |
7,867,823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential%20determining%20ion | When placed into solution, salts begin to dissolve and form ions. This is not always in equal proportion, due to the preference of an ion to be dissolved in a given solution. The ability of an ion to preferentially dissolve (as a result of unequal activities) over its counterion is classified as the potential determini... | Potential determining ion | [
"Chemistry"
] | 404 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Surface science",
"Colloids"
] |
7,868,623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insensitive%20nuclei%20enhanced%20by%20polarization%20transfer | Insensitive nuclei enhancement by polarization transfer (INEPT) is a signal enhancement method used in NMR spectroscopy. It involves the transfer of nuclear spin polarization from spins with large Boltzmann population differences to nuclear spins of interest with lower Boltzmann population differences. INEPT uses J-co... | Insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,210 | [
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
7,869,764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse%20relaxation-optimized%20spectroscopy | Transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy (TROSY) is an experiment in protein NMR spectroscopy that allows studies of large molecules or complexes.
The application of NMR to large molecules is normally limited by the fact that the line widths generally increase with molecular mass. Larger molecules have longer rota... | Transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy | [
"Chemistry"
] | 351 | [
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance stubs"
] |
7,869,937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20software | Almost all radio stations today use some form of broadcast automation. Although some only use small scripts in audio players, a more robust solution is using a full radio automation suite. There are many commercial and free radio automation packages available.
Radio software history
Radio software allows AM and FM bro... | Radio software | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,036 | [
"Broadcast engineering",
"Electronic engineering"
] |
7,870,034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20logic | In mathematical logic, algebraic logic is the reasoning obtained by manipulating equations with free variables.
What is now usually called classical algebraic logic focuses on the identification and algebraic description of models appropriate for the study of various logics (in the form of classes of algebras that con... | Algebraic logic | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,084 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical logic",
"Algebraic logic"
] |
19,220,750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22-Dihydroergocalciferol | 22-Dihydroergocalciferol is a form of vitamin D, also known as vitamin D4. It has the systematic name (5Z,7E)-(3S)-9,10-seco-5,7,10(19)-ergostatrien-3-ol.
Vitamin D4 is found in certain mushrooms, being produced from ergosta-5,7-dienol (22,23-dihydroergosterol) instead of ergosterol.
See also
Forms of vitamin D, the ... | 22-Dihydroergocalciferol | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 157 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemistry"
] |
19,220,980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentative%20hydrogen%20production | Fermentative hydrogen production is the fermentative conversion of organic substrates to H2. Hydrogen produced in this manner is often called biohydrogen. The conversion is effected by bacteria and protozoa, which employ enzymes. Fermentative hydrogen production is one of several anaerobic conversions.
Dark vs phot... | Fermentative hydrogen production | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 526 | [
"Catalysis",
"Biofuels technology",
"Cellular respiration",
"Chemical engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Biochemistry",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Fermentation"
] |
19,221,718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhelic%20arc | A subhelic arc is a rare halo, formed by internal reflection through ice crystals, that curves upwards from the horizon and touches the tricker arc above the anthelic point. Subhelic arcs result from ray entrance and exit through prism end faces with two intermediate internal reflections.
Formation
A subhelic arc is ... | Subhelic arc | [
"Physics"
] | 258 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Atmospheric optical phenomena",
"Earth phenomena"
] |
19,228,918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolaasin | Tolaasin, a toxic secretion by Pseudomonas tolaasii, is the cause of bacterial brown blotch disease of edible mushrooms. Tolaasin is composed of 18 amino acids, including a beta-hydroxy-octanoic acid chain located at the N terminus. Tolaasin is a 1985 Da lipodepsipeptide non-host specific toxin. In addition to forming... | Tolaasin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 278 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Peptides"
] |
19,230,473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROX | PROX is an acronym for PReferential OXidation, that refers to the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a gas mixture by a catalyst. It is intended to remove trace amounts of CO from H2/CO/CO2 mixtures produced by steam reforming and water-gas shift. An ideal PROX catalyst preferentially oxidizes carbon monoxide... | PROX | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 744 | [
"Catalysis",
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Inorganic reactions",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
2,449,329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twyman%E2%80%93Green%20interferometer | A Twyman–Green interferometer is a variant of the Michelson interferometer principally used to test optical components. It was introduced in 1918 by Frank Twyman and Arthur Green.
Fig. 1 illustrates a Twyman–Green interferometer set up to test a lens. Light from a laser is expanded by a diverging lens (not shown), the... | Twyman–Green interferometer | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 251 | [
"Interferometers",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
2,449,393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range%20of%20motion | Range of motion (or ROM) is the linear or angular distance that a moving object may normally travel while properly attached to another.
In biomechanics and strength training, ROM refers to the angular distance and direction a joint can move between the flexed position and the extended position. The act of attempting ... | Range of motion | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 631 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
1,767,692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%20activation | Neutron activation is the process in which neutron radiation induces radioactivity in materials, and occurs when atomic nuclei capture free neutrons, becoming heavier and entering excited states. The excited nucleus decays immediately by emitting gamma rays, or particles such as beta particles, alpha particles, fission... | Neutron activation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,022 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Materials science",
"Waves",
"Radiation",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Radiation effects"
] |
1,769,024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condeep | Condeep is a make of gravity-based structure for oil platforms invented and patented by engineer Olav Mo in 1972, which were fabricated by Norwegian Contractors in Stavanger, Norway. Condeep is an abbreviation for concrete deep water structure. A Condeep usually consists of a base of concrete oil storage tanks from whi... | Condeep | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 575 | [
"Oil platforms",
"Petroleum technology",
"Natural gas technology",
"Structural engineering"
] |
1,770,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active%20Cylinder%20Control | Daimler AG's Active Cylinder Control (ACC) is a variable displacement technology. It debuted in 2001 on the 5.8 L V12 in the CL600 and S600. Like Chrysler's later Multi-Displacement System, General Motors' Active Fuel Management, and Honda's Variable Cylinder Management, it deactivates one bank of the engine's cylinder... | Active Cylinder Control | [
"Technology"
] | 213 | [
"Engine technology",
"Engines"
] |
18,208,818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubroboletus%20legaliae | Rubroboletus legaliae, previously known as Boletus splendidus, B. satanoides, and B. legaliae is a basidiomycete fungus of the family Boletaceae. It is poisonous, with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms, and is related to Rubroboletus satanas.
Boletus legaliae was described by Czech mycologist Albert Pilát in 196... | Rubroboletus legaliae | [
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 644 | [
"Poisonous fungi",
"Fungi",
"Toxicology",
"Fungus species"
] |
18,208,899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIKE%20BASIN | MIKE BASIN is an extension of ArcMap (ESRI) for integrated water resources management and planning. It provides a framework for managers and stakeholders to address multi-sectoral allocation and environmental issues in river basins. It is designed to investigate water sharing issues at international or interstate level... | MIKE BASIN | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 186 | [
"Hydrology",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
18,209,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIKE%20FLOOD | is a computer program that simulates inundation for rivers, flood plains and urban drainage systems. It dynamically couples 1D (MIKE 11 and Mouse) and 2D (MIKE 21) modeling techniques into one single tool. MIKE FLOOD is developed by DHI.
MIKE FLOOD is accepted by US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for use ... | MIKE FLOOD | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 156 | [
"Hydrology",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
18,209,184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALL%20%28complexity%29 | In computability and complexity theory, ALL is the class of all decision problems.
Relations to other classes
ALL contains all of the complex classes of decision problems, including RE and co-RE, and uncountably many languages that are neither RE nor co-RE. It is the largest complexity class, containing all other comp... | ALL (complexity) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 79 | [
"Mathematical problems",
"Undecidable problems",
"Computational problems"
] |
18,210,373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20traveller%20problem | In computer science and graph theory, the Canadian traveller problem (CTP) is a generalization of the shortest path problem to graphs that are partially observable. In other words, a "traveller" on a given point on the graph cannot see the full graph, rather only adjacent nodes or a certain "realization restriction."
... | Canadian traveller problem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,753 | [
"Computational problems in graph theory",
"PSPACE-complete problems",
"Computational mathematics",
"Graph theory",
"Computational problems",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical problems",
"NP-complete problems"
] |
18,212,581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIKE%2021 | MIKE 21 is a computer program that simulates flows, waves, sediments and ecology in rivers, lakes, estuaries, bays, coastal areas and seas in two dimensions. It was developed by DHI.
Simulation engines
MIKE 21 comprises three simulation engines:
Single Grid: the -dependent non-linear equations of continuity and cons... | MIKE 21 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 249 | [
"Hydrology",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydrology stubs",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
18,212,880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIKE%2021C | MIKE 21C is a computer program that simulates the development in the river bed and channel plan form in two dimensions. MIKE 21C was developed by DHI. MIKE 21C uses curvilinear finite difference grids.
Simulated processes with MIKE 21C include bank erosion, scouring and shoaling brought about by activities such as con... | MIKE 21C | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 868 | [
"Hydrology",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
18,213,407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic%20capillary%20electrophoresis | Kinetic capillary electrophoresis or KCE is capillary electrophoresis of molecules that interact during electrophoresis.
KCE was introduced and developed by Professor Sergey Krylov and his research group at York University, Toronto, Canada. It serves as a conceptual platform for development of homogeneous chemical aff... | Kinetic capillary electrophoresis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 257 | [
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Biochemical separation processes",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Electrophoresis"
] |
5,985,207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion%20of%20the%20universe | The expansion of the universe is the increase in distance between gravitationally unbound parts of the observable universe with time. It is an intrinsic expansion, so it does not mean that the universe expands "into" anything or that space exists "outside" it. To any observer in the universe, it appears that all but th... | Expansion of the universe | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 7,077 | [
"Physical cosmological concepts",
"Cosmogony",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Big Bang",
"General relativity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
5,987,201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmitoylcarnitine | Palmitoylcarnitine is an ester derivative of carnitine involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. During the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), fatty acids undergo a process known as β-oxidation to produce energy in the form of ATP. β-oxidation occurs primarily within mitochondria, however the mitochondrial membrane preve... | Palmitoylcarnitine | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 609 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Organic compounds",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Cellular processes",
"Metabolism",
"Biochemistry",
"Lipids"
] |
5,987,626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryl%20hydrocarbon%20receptor%20nuclear%20translocator | The ARNT gene encodes the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein that forms a complex with ligand-bound aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and is required for receptor function. The encoded protein has also been identified as the beta subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible fact... | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 317 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
5,988,464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid%20metabolism | Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural and functional lipids, such as those involved in the construction of cell membranes. In animals, these fats are obtained from food and are synthesized by the liver... | Lipid metabolism | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,807 | [
"Lipid biochemistry",
"Lipid metabolism",
"Metabolism"
] |
12,510,214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbochemistry | Carbochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the transformation of coal (bituminous coal, coal tar, anthracite, lignite, graphite, and charcoal) into useful products and raw materials. The processes that are used in carbochemistry include degasification processes such as carbonization and coking, gasification... | Carbochemistry | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 243 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"nan"
] |
12,511,846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunyakovsky%20conjecture | The Bunyakovsky conjecture (or Bouniakowsky conjecture) gives a criterion for a polynomial in one variable with integer coefficients to give infinitely many prime values in the sequence It was stated in 1857 by the Russian mathematician Viktor Bunyakovsky. The following three conditions are necessary for to have t... | Bunyakovsky conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,495 | [
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Unsolved problems in number theory",
"Number theory"
] |
1,162,543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20efficiency | The term quantum efficiency (QE) may apply to incident photon to converted electron (IPCE) ratio of a photosensitive device, or it may refer to the TMR effect of a magnetic tunnel junction.
This article deals with the term as a measurement of a device's electrical sensitivity to light. In a charge-coupled device (CCD)... | Quantum efficiency | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,423 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Molecular physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantum electronics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Metrics",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Quantity",
"Engineering ratios",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nanotechnology",
"Spectroscopy",
"Physical proper... |
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