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tomekkorbak

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pile-detoxify

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[ "This course is ideal for managers who need better techniques to ‘handle problem people’ or ‘deal with difficult staff’. ", "Its focus is to teach managers more effective ways of managing performance or attitude problems before they become serious and what to do if action is needed. ", "It is packed with many practical tips and techniques and help managers manage all difficult situations confidently and competently." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "NASHVILLE, TN - MAY 10: Juuse Saros #74 replaces Pekka Rinne #35 of the Nashville Predators in net during the first period of Game Seven of the Western Conference Second Round against the Winnipeg Jets during the 2018 NHL Stanley Cup Playoffs at Bridgestone Arena on May 10, 2018 in Nashville, Tennessee. (", "Photo by John Russell/NHLI via Getty Images)\n\nWith the 148th overall pick of the NHL Draft, the Nashville Predators selected Ethan Haider, and he has already been turning heads.", "\n\nHaider was already turning heads during the Nashville Predators development camp this past week, making huge saves in the Future Stars Game, but who exactly is this 17 year old kid that the Preds drafted in the 5th round? ", "We’ll tell you.", "\n\nEthan Haider hails from Maple Grove, Minnesota and stands at 6’2, 207 lbs. ", "He last played for the Minnesota Magicians of the NAHL and is set to play for the Sioux City Musketeers of the USHL next season. ", "He is also committed to play for Clarkson University in the 2020-21 season.", "\n\nHaider had a solid season for the Magicians last year, posting a record of 19-13-2 with a SV% of .926 and a GAA of 2.35 in 37 starts. ", "He was also named the NAHL Midwest Goaltender of the Year a member of the NAHL All-Midwest Division Rookie Team, All Midwest Division Team and the NAHL All-Rookie First Team.", "\n\nWant your voice heard? ", "Join the Predlines team! ", "Write for us!", "\n\nThe youngster still has a lot of hockey left to play before he joins the Nashville Predators and has a fairly small sample size, but he seems to be a real diamond in the rough.", "\n\nAlthough there hasn’t been much tape for me to watch on Haider, he has a very decent size, has a very active glove with good positioning and a great mental game.", "\n\nWe wont see Haider in the NHL for quite a while, but Nashville Predators fans should be excited for what’s to come as we watch Ethan Haider develop in the next few years.", "\n\nIf he plays like he has in the past, and in the Predators Future Stars Game, he could possibly follow Pekka Rinne and Juuse Saros as the next great Nashville Predators goaltender. ", "After all, David Poile does have a very good track record with goaltenders." ]

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[ "Computer hacking, Malware, worms, and other computer related mischief undertaken or caused by people with either benign or malicious intent is of grave concern to businesses, particularly those that rely on expansive computer networks. ", "Indeed, a breach of an organization's network, including even a single computer on that network, may result in direct and indirect financial loss, the latter including loss associated with legal fees, fines, etc. ", "In certain cases, such as when the computer controls industrial processes, harm caused by malicious code may be physical. ", "In other cases where physical harm is remote, emotional and or financial harm may come to the user through loss of critical data and/or by revealing private data to a third party.", "\nMalware, computer viruses and the like are often propagated via one or more computer files. ", "Typically, computer users obtain computer program files in the form of binary code, e.g., compiled source code. ", "Unless the computer user is a programmer himself, it is rare that the source code of a given program is available to determine whether the code is malicious in nature.", "\nOne way to analyze binary code (or executable code) is to launch the executable code in a “sandbox” that is, essentially, an instance of an operating system that is executed for the sole purpose of running the binary code to be analyzed. ", "Using such an approach, even if a given executable program in the form of binary code is malicious, there are no data or other programs that can be impacted because, in the sandbox approach, the operating system is not supporting any other user functionality. ", "Although, the sandbox approach has certain advantages, it may be difficult, in a practical situation to subject every piece of binary code to such a test. ", "In any event, some malicious software might include code that does not actually perform malicious actions for days or even weeks. ", "Accordingly, the sandbox approach has limitations.", "\nThere is therefore a need to provide tools for examining and analyzing binary code in an effort to identify potentially malicious software." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Pizza restaurant, two homes burn\n\nBy Scott Harpersharper@gtowntimes.com\n\nBob Lambert, front, and his wife, Susan, have owned Georgetown Family Pizza on Highway 17 in Maryville section of Georgetown for about nine years.", "\n\nPhotos\n\nPhoto\n\nScott Harper/Times\nA home at 1812 Winyah Street was gutted by fire on Thursday. ", "One of two residents was hospitalized.", "\n\nPhoto\n\nScott Harper/Times\nA fire at 2219 Front Street destroyed a mobile home. ", "A woman resident was taken to the hospital.", "\n\nBob Lambert said when he received a call from his nephew at about 2:30 a.m. Thursday informing him the family business was on fire, he thought it was a joke.", "But, he quickly realized it was real and Georgetown Family Pizza — which he and his wife, Susan, have owned for about nine years — was burning.", "City Fire Chief Joey Tanner said when firefighters arrived they saw smoke coming through the roof of the second floor. ", "Flames were seen coming from a vent on the roof.", "The fire was determined to be under control by 3 a.m. but crews remained on the scene for more than two hours putting out hot spots and working to remove smoke from the building.", "Tanner said the cause of the fire is currently unknown.", "One firefighter had to be transported to the emergency room for possible dehydration, Tanner said. ", "He was treated and released and was back on the fire scene by 5 a.m.Tanner said the rear and second floor of the building is used as an office and apartment. ", "He said it was those areas that received the most damage. ", "However, the restaurant did sustain severe smoke and heat damage.", "Lambert said his wife was the primary operator of the business. ", "He said she was taking the loss very hard.", "“We will try,” Lambert said when asked if he thinks they will rebuild.", "Thursday's fire was the second that destroyed a pizza restaurant in the past ten months. ", "Georgetown's Pizza Hut was destroyed by fire in December and is currently in the beginning stages of rebuilding.", "One month ago today, ten businesses were destroyed by fire in the 700 block of Front Street.", "\n\nHouse gutted on Winyah Street\n\nSome firefighters were still on the scene at Georgetown Family Pizza when they received the call about a fire at 1812 Winyah Street.", "When they arrived smoke was seen billowing from the roof.", "Tanner said the fire started around a wood heater.", "Two people live at the home and one was taken to the hospital to be treated for smoke inhalation, Tanner said.", "The house was completely gutted, Tanner said.", "\n\nMobile home severely damaged\n\nA mobile home on the west end of Front Street was destroyed by fire late Monday night.", "Tanner said the fire at 2219 Front Street was reported just before midnight.", "Although there was no electricity going to the mobile home, there was a 41-year-old woman inside. ", "She was out of the house when firefighters arrived but was transported to the emergency room to be treated for smoke inhalation, Tanner said.", "Tanner said the cause of the fire — which took about 20 minutes to bring under control — is under investigation.", "\n\nComments\n\nNotice about comments:\n\nSouth Strand News is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. ", "We expect our readers to engage in lively, yet civil discourse. ", "We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. ", "Responsibility for the statements posted lies with the person submitting the comment, not South Strand News.", "\n\nIf you find a comment that is objectionable, please click \"report abuse\" and we will review it for possible removal. ", "Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. ", "Read our full terms and conditions." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Tuesday, February 22, 2011\n\nDon't let the fancy name OR the fact that this recipe is what was served at my wedding luncheon fool you. ", "This is a recipe that YOU can make and will be delighted when you do! ", "OR, you could make it and serve it to a crowd and let them be fooled that you're a super fancy cook! ", "Cause it is THAT good!", "\n\nI'll humor you and post two pictures from my wedding day. ", "Since this is my wedding day recipe, after all!", "\n\nMy parents and new in-laws, after eating the Chicken Imperial.", "\n\nDon't they all look so satisfied?!?!?", "\n\nThe basket411 Sisters. ", "Cindy, Lisa-Marie, Kim\n\ncirca 2001\n\nChicken Imperial with Mushroom Bechamel Sauce\n\nFrom: Cindy Sylvester-Dear family friend who made all this chicken for the luncheon" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "- args: [\n \"alea\",\n \"createGenome\",\n \"-snps-indels-separately\",\n \"./test-files/mouse/mm10.fa\",\n \"./test-files/mouse/mgp.v3.snps.rsIDdbSNPv137.vcf.gz\",\n \"./test-files/mouse/mgp.v3.indels.rsIDdbSNPv137.vcf.gz\",\n \"129S1_SvImJ\",\n \"CAST_EiJ\",\n \"./test-files/alea\"\n ]\n job: alea-createGenome-job.json\n tool: ../tools/alea-createGenome.cwl\n doc: General test of command line generation\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Building a research conscious workforce.", "\nWith the aim of building a research conscious workforce, the former Northern and Yorkshire Research and Development office explored the nature and purpose of research and development (R&D) support for NHS staff. ", "Part of the study used a questionnaire to seek healthcare professionals' R&D education and training needs. ", "Some findings were unexpected, such as the significant differences between professional groups' needs and preferences. ", "Recommendations, therefore, include local, flexible R&D education and training programmes." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nIs it bad practice to use a Visual Studio Project folder as a virtual directory in IIS?", "\n\nIs it bad practice to use a Visual Studio Project folder as a virtual directory in IIS when doing development?", "\nInstead, should I copy the files to a separate folder once the application is compiled?", "\n\nA:\n\nProvided you're not using this same environment to push live changes, it's fine for a development setup. ", " Of course if you're on a live website, it's not a good idea at all. ", " I think it's actually a pretty good idea for dev testing, as it saves you the step of having to move the files over to test.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "DESCRIPTION: This proposal represents an attempt to study the molecular basis of altered drug accumulation in cells overexpressing the P- glycoprotein (pGP). ", "This proposal is aimed at evaluating the kinetic differences in drug translocation in cells expressing different levels of pGP generated either by selection in cytotoxic agents or co- selection in G418. ", "Drug translocation will be monitored using fluorescent substrates (doxorubicin, coumarin-vinblastine, COL-FITC) by continuous monitoring of fluorescence. ", "The studies will determine the importance of pHi and the electrical plasma membrane potential in the role of drug translocation and the role of pGP in the generation of these physiological parameters. ", "These parameters will be characterized in cell lines expressing different amounts of pGP. ", "pHi will be modulated by incubation in at different levels of C02 and extracellular HCO3 and membrane potential with ouabain and tri-ethyl-ammonium." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

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[ "Q:\n\nWhat is determined by S-Spec number on Intel CPUs?", "\n\nWhat is determined by S-Spec(sample specification) number on Intel CPUs? ", "For example I have an i7-4790K CPU with S-Spec number SR219, but I have seen pictures of i7-4790K CPUs with S-Spec number QG81. ", "What does this S-Spec number usually mean? ", "Is it different from CPU stepping?", "\n\nA:\n\nWhat does this S-Spec number usually mean? ", "Is it different from CPU stepping?", "\nSee the formal definitions later in this answer.", "\nIn this particular case, the difference is explained on the pages you linked to.", "\n\nThe core stepping is the same for both S-Spec numbers.", "\n\nOne of the S-Spec numbers is for a pre-production engineering sample chip.", "\n\nRelated S-Spec numbers\nIn addition to the SR219 S-Spec, this processor was also manufactured\nwith one pre-production S-Spec number:\n\nSource SR219 (Intel Core i7-4790K)\n\nDefinitions\n\nStepping - This is basically the CPU's version number. ", "Whenever Intel improves the manufacturing process, they make a new stepping. ", "Steppings are typically two characters long (like C0, C1, or E0). ", "It's also sometimes called the revision.", "\n\nCPUID (CPU IDentification) - This is an identification string (like 1067A) that allows software to find out what features your processor supports (stuff like SSE, MMX, VT-X, etc). ", "All processors from the same stepping have the same CPUID.", "\n\nsSpec (specification number) - Unlike CPUID, each stepping of a processor has their own unique 4 or 5 character sSpec string (like SLBBM).", "\n\nSource How to get the CPUID, Stepping, or sSpec for an Intel CPU\n\nHow do I find out the S-Spec number of my CPU?", "\nAccording to Intel physical inspection of the CPU is required:\n\nThe sSpec number, also known as the specification number, is a five\ncharacter string (SL36W or SR0PM for example) printed on the processor\nand processor label.", "\nHow to find the sSpec number:\n\nRead the boxed processor label as shown in Figure 1 below, or\nLook at the markings on the processor as shown in Figure 2 below.", "\n\nFind the sSpec number on the boxed processor label (Figure 1):\n\nFind the sSpec number in the processor markings (Figure 2 - two\nexamples):\n\nNote:\n\nThese sSpec number locations are subject to change. ", "See your processor specification update documentation for the correct location for your specific processor.", "\n\nSource How to Find Your Processor Spec Number\nYou can also use Cpu-Z as follows:\n\nCheck the \"Revision\" field in CPU-Z and make a note of it.", "\n\nThen search for your CPU here http://ark.intel.com/Default.aspx (use the search field on the top-right of the page).", "\n\nClick on the matching result.", "\n\nOn the page you're given, click \"ORDERING / SSPECS / STEPPINGS\" over on the left side.", "\n\nThe view will change.", "\n\nLook for your \"Revision\" (which is actually the \"Stepping\" or \"Step\"), and then you'll be able to find your CPU's sSpec in the \"SPEC\nCode\" column.", "\n\nSource sSpec Number Finder\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Highly pathogenic virus recovered from chickens infected with mildly pathogenic 1986 isolates of H5N2 avian influenza virus.", "\nA combination of in vitro and in vivo selection procedures was used to examine the possibility that certain mildly pathogenic field isolates of avian influenza (AI) virus may contain minority subpopulations of highly pathogenic virus. ", "Two mildly pathogenic H5N2 isolates, A/chicken/New Jersey/12508/86 (NJ12508) and A/chicken/Florida/27716/86 (FL27716), recovered from chickens epidemiologically associated with urban live-bird markets, were cloned in trypsin-free chicken embryo fibroblast cultures. ", "Selected clones were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally (IN/IT) into specific-pathogen-free laying hens, and virus reisolated from the hens that died was serially passed in hens by IN/IT inoculation. ", "Several highly pathogenic reisolates were recovered from hens infected with the cloned NJ12508 or FL27716 virus. ", "A highly pathogenic NJ12508 reisolate killed 19 of 24 IN/IT-inoculated hens, and a FL27716 reisolate killed all 24 inoculated hens; signs and lesions were typical of fowl plague. ", "In contrast, uncloned NJ12508 stock virus killed 1 of 24 hens and FL27716 stock virus killed 4 of 24 hens, and neither produced the complete spectrum of lesions associated with fowl plague. ", "Recovery of highly pathogenic viruses from these isolates demonstrates the coexistence of pathogenically distinct subpopulations of virus. ", "Competition for dominance among such subpopulations could explain the variable pathogenicity of some AI viruses." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Fostering innovation in contaminated sediments management through multicriteria technology assessment and public participation.", "\nManagement of contaminated sediments is problematic and costly. ", "Several new technologies are under development that may in some cases reduce costs and environmental or ecological impacts. ", "However, there are significant barriers to implementing new technologies, including the increased management complexity, the potential for introducing antagonistic or incommensurate objectives that are unfamiliar to stakeholders or regulators, and the difficulty of capturing private, commercial benefits from environmental improvements that may primarily benefit the public. ", "This article identifies several innovative contaminated sediments technologies, discusses the difficulty of proving or quantifying the benefits of new technologies, and presents an agenda for research that would foster partnerships between scientific, government, and public communities of interest for the purpose of improving innovative technology assessment and environmental decision making." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "The cost of bread is forecast to rise after the effects of a dry summer pushed up the price of wheat by 25% to 30%.", "\n\nPrices in stores have already risen in recent months and are likely to continue going up as Associated British Foods (ABF), the owner of Kingsmill, said the impact of its rising costs would be “reflected in our ongoing discussions” with retailers.", "\n\nThe UK wheat harvest was about 13m tonnes in 2018 compared withup to 16m expected in a good year, sending prices up to £190 a tonne compared with £120 a tonne before the Brexit vote in 2016 and £150 after the subsequent fall in sterling.", "\n\n“Our costs have gone up with wheat up by 30% and we have got to talk about that with retailers,” said the ABF finance director, John Bason.", "\n\nThe average price of an 800g white sliced loaf was up more than 8% in July compared with May 2016, the month before the Brexit vote, according to the Office for National Statistics which regularly checks prices in order to calculate overall retail inflation. ", "Its price has jumped from 97p to 105p after a fall in the value of the pound two years ago and this year’srise in the cost of wheat. ", "Pressure on prices has also come from the increase in the legal minimum wage and other factors.", "\n\nShop prices are partly kept in check by heavy competition on basic foods between the major supermarkets and discount grocers Aldi and Lidl and a shift towards own-label bread, away from brands such as Hovis and Kingsmill.", "\n\nMajor supermarkets are also partially insulated from sharp price moves by long-term supplier contracts, but the surge in wheat prices is now being reflected on the shelves.", "\n\nGordon Polson, the director of the Federation of Bakers trade association which represents most of the UK’s biggest break makers, said: “There’s no doubt price increases are in the pipeline. [", "Profit] margins are very, very tight as the industry has acknowledged and it doesn’t take much to tip you into the red.”", "\n\nHe said rises might not flow through immediately but would be reflected in long-term contracts being negotiated between bakers and retailers now this year’s wheat harvest had been completed.", "\n\nCharles Clack, a commodities analyst at Rabobank, said there was likely to be pressure on the cost of bread as wheat prices were likely to remain high for at least six months because of a global shortage." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Introduction\n============\n\nSince the pioneering philosophical approach of [@B63], it has been acknowledged that the senses are embodied. ", "The implication of this approach is that the senses can only be understood by acknowledging the attributes of the body in which they are necessarily situated. ", "In vision, it is obvious that the eyes are in the head and that their viewpoints will be affected by the head's position and orientation. ", "What is perhaps less obvious is that these properties of the eyes' vehicle contribute to processing such \"visual\" judgments as the orientation of the ground plane ([@B80]) and, as we will see, perceived distance. ", "Head position influences the three-dimensional position of the eyes by means of static and dynamic three-dimensional vestibulo-ocular reflexes and through eye height. ", "Information concerning head position is therefore critical to \"externalize\" the information in the retinal images: that is in creating a representation of the external world. ", "Similar arguments apply to the ears, which are also passengers on the head. ", "Head motion can even help to correctly scale the representation of external space, e.g., the distance between objects, which is notoriously hard to extract from static auditory or visual information alone ([@B30]; [@B73]). ", "Information about the body is also needed to interpret tactile information about the world. ", "When the hands explore and interact with objects in the world, it is necessary to take into account the arrangements of the hands and fingers in order to interpret the patterns of pressure sensed by the fingertips. ", "The representation of the body is also needed to interpret the pressure and location of even simple touches on the skin in order to take into account the uneven density of tactile receptors over the surface of the body in the same way as the visual system must take into account the uneven density of photoreceptors in the retina. ", "In this review we will outline some of the interesting, unexpected and fundamental roles that the body plays in determining our perception of the world.", "\n\nThe Effect of Body Orientation on Perceived Distance\n----------------------------------------------------\n\nThings look different when viewed with the head in an unusual orientation. ", "It is amusing, for example, to look out of a tall building and watch people walking on the street below. ", "Their legs seem to move in a strange way and they often look too small, \"like ants,\" suggesting a failure in size-distance constancy when looking straight downward which also extends to the perception of speed ([@B68]). ", "It has long been suspected that body orientation or perceived body orientation may be connected to perhaps the most famous distance-related illusion in psychology: the moon illusion ([@B77]). ", "Casual observation shows that the moon appears smaller when it is in the zenith and viewed by looking straight up than when it is close to the horizon and viewed straight ahead. ", "Although the illusion continues to defy complete explanation ([@B42]; [@B79]; [@B95]), it is usually explained with reference to changes in the moon's perceived distance. ", "We ([@B37]) were the first to measure the effect of posture (and perceived posture) on the perceived distance of objects at biologically significant distances ([@B16]), as opposed to the unknowable distance of celestial bodies. ", "We used the York University Tumbling Room facility ([@B47]) in which the orientation of an observer and the surrounding room can be independently varied (Figures [1A](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"},[B](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "We showed that lying supine causes the opposite wall of the room to appear closer than when viewed from an upright position (Figures [1C](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"},[D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Rotating the room around an upright observer (Figure [1E](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}) produces an illusion of lying supine ([@B47]). ", "Just *feeling* supine due to this illusion turned out to be sufficient to create this shortening of perceived distance ([@B37]). ", "Thus, it is the perceived orientation of the body that is important in interpreting visual cues to distance. ", "This may be related to the geometrical requirement of taking eye orientation---itself dependent on head orientation---into account in order to interpret binocular cues correctly ([@B7]). ", "This unexpected involvement of the body in visual distance perception underscores the importance of the body in interpreting sensory information---it is not a raw sensory signal that leads to perception, but rather the representation in the brain of world features (including the body itself) that is modified in response to sensory input and that determines perception.", "\n\n![**", "The effect of body orientation on perceived distance.** ", "When tested in York University's Tumbling Room Facility **(A,B)**, the perceived distance to the wall opposite was obtained from matching the length of a line projected onto the wall with the length of an iron bar that was only felt **(C)**. ", "The wall was perceived as closer when participants were tilted **(D)** or felt that they were tilted **(E)**. ", "The horizontal dashed line indicates the actual viewing distance. **(", "A)** shows the room from outside and **(B)** shows the view seen from inside---the mannequin and all the other objects were glued to the inside of the room. ", "Data reanalyzed from [@B37].](fpsyg-06-00819-g0001){#F1}\n\nThe Effect of Body Orientation on the Perceived Orientation of Objects\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn the previous section we showed that the body's orientation in pitch (head over heels) affected distance and size perception. ", "Other changes in self-orientation can also lead to errors in perceptual judgments. ", "When the body is rolled to one side (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}), individuals systematically misperceive the orientation of an object relative to gravity. ", "For example, when judging the orientation of a visual line with gravity vertical, estimates are biased toward the body midline ([@B2]; [@B65]). ", "In contrast, when setting a bar to gravity vertical using only touch, there is a bias in the opposite direction, away from the body midline ([@B5]). ", "We ([@B25]; [@B40]) compared visual and manual, touch-based estimates of gravity vertical while the body and head were tilted relative to each other (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n{#F2}\n\nTouch-based orientation judgments were affected more by the orientation of the body (Figure [2B](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}), whereas visual errors were largely driven by head tilt (Figure [2C](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}; [@B33]; [@B88]). ", "Together, these results show that it is over simplistic to refer to the representation of the body as a single unit when considering the effect of self-orientation on perception. ", "Changes in orientation of the head and body can have different effects on different sensory inputs and so they should be taken into account separately: posture is an important factor.", "\n\nThe Effect of Body Orientation on Auditory Localization\n-------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe ability to localize sound in elevation is tricky. ", "What ability we have depends largely on reflections within the external pinna ([@B4]; [@B24]; [@B59]; [@B6]) and is thus bound to the head. ", "Deducing where sounds are in the external world therefore requires taking into account the position and orientation of the head. ", "Errors in sound localization when the head and body are tilted show that head orientation is only partially taken into account ([@B31]; [@B69]). ", "In fact, the perceived elevation of a sound, like the perceived orientation of a line we described above, depends on the perceived orientation of the head, which is determined by several factors.", "\n\nSounds that are played through headphones with no intrinsic location at all can nevertheless be perceived as having an elevation by virtue of their frequency content. ", "This is an example of a cross-modal correspondence ([@B85]), in this case between pitch and perceived elevation, in which \"higher\" frequencies are perceived as coming from \"higher\" in space. ", "But is this elevation defined in head or space coordinates? ", "We showed that such sounds were perceived as lying on an axis defined neither by the head nor gravity but rather that lined up with the perceptual upright ([@B13]). ", "Non-spatial sounds (tones played through headphones) that differed only in their frequency content (either rising or falling frequencies) were presented while observers viewed ambiguous visual motion in either the horizontal or vertical directions created by superimposing two gratings moving in opposite directions (left and right or up and down; Figure [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Observers were tested lying on their sides to separate body and gravitational uprights. ", "A disambiguating effect of sound was found in both directions (up relative to the head and up relative to gravity), suggesting that an auditory upright exists in between the head and gravitational reference frames---a direction very similar to the perceptual upright. ", "The perceptual upright is the orientation in which objects are best identified and represents the brain's best guess of the direction of up derived from a combination of visual and gravity cues ([@B21]) and a tendency to revert to the body midline ([@B65]). ", "As we showed above for the influence of the body in determining perceived distance and orientation of objects, the perceived orientation of the body also determines the layout of auditory space (see also [@B69], who used external sounds). ", "So both visual and auditory perceptions depend on body orientation. ", "What about the perception of touch?", "\n\n![**", "The perceived direction of auditory \"up\" (A)** corresponds to the perceptual upright which is determined by a combination of the body idiotropic vector and gravity with more emphasis on the body ([@B21]). ", "Non-spatial sounds differing only in their frequency content were used to disambiguate ambiguous visual motion created by superimposing two gratings moving in opposite directions either vertically **(B)** or horizontally **(C)** viewed by an observer lying on their side. ", "The effect of sound in shifting the contrast balance for \"ambiguous motion\" from 50:50 provided the horizontal and vertical components of the perceived direction of sound.](fpsyg-06-00819-g0003){#F3}\n\nTactile Responses Depend on the Direction of Gaze\n-------------------------------------------------\n\nThe orientation of the eyes and head are also involved in determining the perceived location of a touch such that the perceived location of a touch is shifted depending on gaze position ([@B34]; [@B75]). ", "Of course the direction of gaze is usually also the point to which attention is directed and attention is known to affect some aspects of tactile perception ([@B64]) in a way that depends on eye position ([@B28]). ", "However, [@B34] found, by overtly orienting attention away from eye position, that attention could account for only about 17% of the effect. ", "Even actions toward a touch are directed toward the shifted perceived position ([@B35]). ", "The effect appears to be equally affected by either eye or head displacement and is therefore best described as relating to gaze, the sum of eye and head position ([@B75]). ", "The perceived location of touch also depends on whether a participant moves their gaze between the presentation of the touch and reporting its perceived location ([@B74]; [@B67]). ", "The perceived location shifts in the same direction as gaze if a gaze change occurs before the report ([@B34]; [@B75]; [@B36]), but in the opposite direction if the person does not move before making their report ([@B44]; [@B74]). ", "What do these strange reversals tell us about the involvement of the body in the coding of touch? ", "We can partially explain these gaze-related shifts in terms of the frame of reference in which touch location is coded. ", "The direction of gaze and the direction in which the body is facing are misperceived toward one another when gaze is held eccentrically: the perceived straight ahead of the body is shifted in the direction of gaze, and the perceived direction of gaze is underestimated and perceived as closer to the body's \"straight ahead\" ([@B43]; [@B66]; [@B96]; [@B38]). ", "Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows how the direction in which the perceived location of touch shifts, may depend on whether it is coded relative to one or other of these misperceived reference directions. ", "Displacements in a gaze-centered frame might also be evoked if the location of touch were attracted toward the direction of gaze. ", "We can therefore conclude that touch is initially coded relative to the body midline but, if the location needs to be remembered during a gaze movement, it is switched to a gaze-based reference frame. ", "Touch localization therefore depends on the orientation of the body and gaze. ", "In next section we consider the effect of body size on the perception of touch.", "\n\n![**", "Localizing a touch on the waist.** ", "During eccentric gaze both the perceived body midline and the perceived direction of gaze are mis-estimated in the directions of the dashed arrows (see text). ", "Localizing a touch relative to one of these reference directions therefore results in the perceived location of touch moving toward that direction **(A)**. ", "For a task in which the location of a perceived touch on the waist is reported without moving gaze, left gaze is associated with a shift (blue area) toward the right and *vice versa* **(B)**. ", "If participants shift gaze before reporting, displacements are in the direction of gaze **(C)**. ", "Data redrawn from [@B74].](fpsyg-06-00819-g0004){#F4}\n\nTactile Responses Depend on the Perceived Size of the Body\n----------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn order to identify the size of an object held against the skin it is necessary to correct for the variation in the density of tactile receptors on that part of the body surface. ", "The object will stretch over an array of receptors on the body. ", "The same size object will extend over a different number of receptors depending on the density of receptors in that area of skin. ", "Receptor density must therefore be taken into account if an object's felt size and proportions are to be accurately determined. ", "In fact, small errors in the perceived size of felt objects are found in which an object felt on an area with a high density of receptors (e.g., the hand) is judged as slightly larger than when the same object is felt on an area with a low density of receptors (e.g., the back). ", "This phenomenon, known as the Weber Illusion ([@B58]), suggests incomplete compensation for the variation in receptor density and the associated distortions of the homunculus found in the primary somatosensory cortex ([@B70]). ", "The perceived size of the body even in adults is rather plastic and can be altered not only in response to normal growth but also in response to altered feedback concerning body size. ", "For example, the perceived position of a limb can be manipulated by applying vibration to the associated tendon organs. ", "If the affected limb is in contact with another body part, for example the tip of the nose, its perceived location in space will be inferred from the distorted position of the limb. ", "Thus, the nose can appear lengthened: the aptly-named Pinocchio Illusion ([@B53]). ", "Such distortions in the size of a body part are passed on to objects felt on the skin ([@B92]). ", "If the body part is extended, an object pressed onto the skin is felt as correspondingly longer. ", "Curiously, when perceived body size is distorted in either direction (made either larger or smaller) tactile sensitivity and acuity are both reduced compared to control conditions with non-tendon vibration and attention maintained constant throughout (Figure [5](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}; [@B19]; but cf. [", "@B94]). ", "Distorting the perceived size of the body represents a major change in the critical, universal reference system of the brain: the body. ", "Disrupting the body reference system has multiple fundamental consequences. ", "But what might a reliable body reference look like?", "\n\n![**", "Participants were made to feel fatter (A) or thinner (B) by vibrating their wrist tendons (black arrows).** ", "Tactile acuity **(C)** and average sensitivity **(D)** on the waist (expressed relative to control trials with vibration on the shoulders, purple arrows) were made worse by either of these manipulations. ", "Data reanalyzed from [@B19].](fpsyg-06-00819-g0005){#F5}\n\nThe Body Reference System\n-------------------------\n\nTactile sensitivity depends on many things. ", "We have demonstrated that it depends on the body representation (Figure [5](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}; [@B19]), and it is very likely that cognitive factors such as attention are also involved ([@B64]; [@B84]; [@B27], [@B28]). ", "An additional factor is that tactile sensitivity can be influenced by simultaneous tactile stimulation on remote areas of the body. ", "This is known as long-range tactile masking ([@B81]; [@B8]; [@B86]) and seems to indicate a precise connection between the representations of certain patches of skin. ", "For example, the sensitivity to touch on one arm can be influenced by long-range masking only by touch on the corresponding point on the other arm (Figure [6A](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}; [@B17]). ", "Likewise touches on the stomach can be affected by simultaneous touch on the corresponding part of the back (Figure [6B](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}; [@B18]). ", "These effects are quantified relative to when the masking stimulus is positioned at another point on the body so that any attentional effects caused by the presence of a second tactile stimulus were controlled. ", "The question then becomes, how are the \"corresponding points\" defined and what can they tell us about the nature of the brain's body schema?", "\n\n{#F6}\n\nIn [@B41] original description of the representation of the body in the brain, they postulate a body schema in a \"canonical posture\" to which the actual posture is later added. ", "The nature of this canonical representation can only be inferred but is presumably based on statistical probabilities of where the various body parts are likely to be ([@B9]), that is a prior with the left arm and leg on the left and *vice versa*. ", "This might correspond to the \"position of orthopedic rest\" ([@B10]), the position that astronauts adopt when relaxed in zero gravity^[1](#fn01){ref-type=\"fn\"}^ although the detailed layout is hard to access. ", "The prior is likely to rely on visual information about the body ([@B78]), which might provide a representation of the type shown in Figure [6C](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"} although the existence of phantom limbs in people born without arms or legs ([@B76]; [@B11]) indicates a genetic component to the body schema. ", "Positioning the limbs in a non-canonical position (e.g., crossed) can provide hints about the canonical arrangement. ", "If a touch is applied to the left hand while it is positioned on the right side of the body, saccades toward the touch will often start off directed toward its expected position on the left side ([@B32]) and reaction times to the touch will be speeded by a visual cue on the left side ([@B3]). ", "More detailed work is required testing many parts of the body (such as the hands, and the upper and lower sections of the limbs) to obtain a more precise impression of the canonical representation. ", "Further, there are likely to be multiple schemas each adapted to a particular aspect of perception ([@B91]; [@B56]).", "\n\nObviously the relationship between the front and back of the torso is fixed in all frames of reference, but for the limbs this is not the case. ", "By varying the position of the limbs relative to each other, we have demonstrated that long-range tactile masking also depends on the position of the limbs in space ([@B17]). ", "Such modulation by posture suggests that long-range tactile masking is a phenomenon at or beyond the point at which the postural body schema is derived rather than at or before the level of the primary somatosensory cortex. ", "The connections between the sides of the body has a neurophysiological correlate in which many somatosensory cells with receptive fields on the arms and hands are responsive to stimuli from either side of the body ([@B48], [@B50]; [@B87]). ", "Such cells thus provide a signal that an arm was touched but do not distinguish which arm: at some level the postural schema seems to have only one arm! ", "There is some indication that cross-body connections might also occur between the legs ([@B29]; [@B49], [@B51]) which suggests that this bilateral representation may include the whole body (Figure [6D](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "We refer to this as a Nasnas body after the monster in *the Book of 1001 Nights*. ", "The Nasnas body may be a somatosensory equivalent to the way that vision is referred to a single cyclopean eye ([@B61]).", "\n\nThe Representation of the Body in Defining the Self\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nThe ability to move one's own body and see that it behaves in the expected way is an important aspect of determining agency ([@B26]; [@B89],[@B90]) and thus in deriving, establishing, and maintaining a sense of ownership of our own body. ", "We established that sensitivity for detecting delay between initiating and seeing a movement was enhanced if the moving body part were seen in its natural orientation (the first-person perspective) as opposed to if it were seen as if it were someone else's hand (from a third-person perspective, [@B45], see Figure [7](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This variation with perspective gives us an objective measure of what the brain regards as the body's first person view. ", "Hand and head movements that are seen from a natural first-person perspective (looking down at the hand or seeing the hand or head in a mirror) are associated with a strong self-advantage, but views of the body from behind or of an arm stretched out toward us in a third-person perspective are not ([@B46]). ", "This suggests that body parts that can be seen in a first-person perspective are preferentially treated as belonging to us ([@B72]). ", "Parts of the body that cannot be seen directly and thus have no representation from a first-person perspective, such as the back of the body, may not be regarded as parts of the self in the same way as parts of the body that can be seen directly. ", "However, this can altered by providing an unusual first-person visual view of the back ([@B22]; [@B54]; [@B83]) demonstrating the role of learning and experience in forming our perception of our \"self.\" ", "The suggestion that vision determines what is regarded as self either directly or from the view in a mirror, is compatible with our representation of the body in the brain as having only a two-dimensional representation of the torso as shown in Figure [6D](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}.", "\n\n![**", "The self-advantage for detecting a delay between moving one's own hand and seeing the movement.** ", "When the hand is seen in the natural perspective (\"self,\" purple bar) the threshold for detecting delay is shorter than when the hand is viewed from the \"not self\" perspective (cyan bar). ", "The improvement is known as the \"self-advantage.\" ", "Data redrawn from [@B45].](fpsyg-06-00819-g0007){#F7}\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nThis review emphasizes the reciprocal nature of the perception of our bodies in the world and the world that we perceive. ", "Multisensory integration operates not only at the level of integrating redundant cues about object properties---such as when auditory and visual cues signal the location of an event ([@B1]; [@B12]) or when cues about the size of an object are conveyed by both vision and touch ([@B23]). ", "Multisensory integration also determines the representation of the body in the brain ([@B62]; [@B71]), and this representation in turn is fundamental in interpreting all sensory information.", "\n\nThe Body in the Brain\n---------------------\n\nWhat is the nature of the body's representation in the brain? ", "Here we are not considering the consciously accessible representation of the body which may be divided into parts known as body mereology ([@B93]) with their various cultural associations and accessible to consciousness ([@B55]). ", "That is better referred to as a body image. ", "Instead we are attempting to access the internal, possibly monstrous, representation(s) to which all sensory information is related at a neurophysiological level. ", "This representation may be fragmented ([@B15]; [@B52]; [@B60]) and apparently illogical in its arrangement. ", "Many converging studies (e.g., [@B20]; [@B78]; [@B82]; [@B57]) suggest that, counterintuitive to the idea of a fragmented, distorted representation, there might be a strong visual component to this representation, at least in normally sighted individuals (see Figure [6C](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "However, the view of the body is limited in the sense that only some parts can be seen at all and mostly from what we might paradoxically think of as an \"odd angle\" (see Figure [6C](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In which case it is not surprising that there is reduced ownership of the back, which is not directly visible ([@B46]), and that perception of the back may be closely linked to the more visible front ([@B18]). ", "Representing the three-dimensional body using the two-dimensional flat mapping process that seems to be so common in the brain ([@B14]) clearly requires some transformations. ", "It is necessary that sensory inputs are connected appropriately so that for example, a stimulus drawn across the body's surface is perceived as moving continuously at a constant speed and without discontinuities as it moves from one side to the other or between regions of high and low acuity. ", "That is, it is necessary that the unconscious, distorted body schema be related to the consciously accessible, three-dimensional body image in some.", "\n\nThe processes involved in creating and using a representation of the body in the brain are summarized in Figure [8](#F8){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The body schema, in some canonical posture, has posture added to it, using information from proprioception and vision. ", "This representation is then situated in space using proprioceptive vision (vision about the body and its relationship with space) and vestibular cues concerning the direction of up ([@B39]). ", "The movement of the body, obtained also from visual and vestibular cues also needs to be taken into account, so that the position of earth-fixed features can be appropriately updated to register their new positions relative to the body both during the movement itself and following repositioning in space.", "\n\n{#F8}\n\nTo consider sensory functioning in isolation of the multisensory context provided by the other senses and without regard to the body of which they are a part has to be regarded as being artificial. ", "It is now the turn of our own bodies to take central stage if we are to understand how we are able to construct our perception of the external world and interact with it.", "\n\nConflict of Interest Statement\n------------------------------\n\nThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.", "\n\nThe core funding for the experiments described in this paper was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) to LH. ", "MC, SD, LF, and LP were partly supported from the NSERC CREATE program. ", "LF, VH, and AH were supported by NSERC post-graduate scholarships. ", "MC, SD, and LF received Ontario Graduate Scholarships.", "\n\nJSC-09551, Skylab Experience Bulletin No. ", "17---Neutral Body Posture in Zero G, NASA-JSC, 7--75 cited in <http://msis.jsc.nasa.gov/sections/section03.htm>\n\n[^1]: Edited by: *Achille Pasqualotto, Sabanci University, Turkey*\n\n[^2]: Reviewed by: *Michiel M. Spapé, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT/Aalto University, Finland; Manuela Ruzzoli, Pompeu Fabra University, Spain*\n\n[^3]: This article was submitted to Cognition, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Cellulosic graft copolymer: poly(methyl methacrylate) with cellulose side chains.", "\nA cellulose macromonomer, N-(15-methacryloyloxypentadecanoyl)-tri-O-acetyl-beta-cellulosylamine (CTA-C15-MA (2); M(2)) with number averaged degree of polymerization (DP(n)) = 13), was copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA; M(1)) to give cellulosic copolymer with CTA side chains, PMMA-g-(CTA-C15) (3-A). ", "An absolute molecular weight determined by multiangle laser light scattering (MALS; M(w,LS)), degree of polymerization of MMA (X) and CTA-C15-MA (Y) of PMMA-g-(CTA-C15) (3-A) were determined to be M(w,LS) = 6.30 x 10(4), X = 4.14 x 10(2), and Y = 3.86. ", "Cellulose graft copolymer with cellulose side chains, PMMA-g-(cellulose-C15) (3-H) was successfully obtained after deacetylation of the copolymer 3-A. Thermal analysis of copolymers 3-A and 3-H by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements revealed that a small amount of CTA and cellulose side chains affected thermal properties of the PMMA main chain." ]

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[ "The most common ways to die probably won't surprise you - many of us have loved ones who were claimed by cancer, heart disease, or other terminal illness. ", "This is a list of the 50 leading causes of death in the world for both men and women, including both natural and unnatural causes. ", "From stroke to heart attack to shark attack, these are the ways most people die.", "\n\nWhat are the most common causes of death? ", "The number one cause of death is cardiovascular disease, which kills more Americans than cancer each year. ", "Do you often wonder how your life is going to end? ", "What is the chances you are going to have a painless, quick death? ", "There are obviously many different ways to die, and you never can tell for certain how you are going to go, but this list gives you the most probable causes of death. ", "After you read this list, try not to get too hung up on it. ", "After all, we are all going one way or another." ]

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[ ".- The Catholic bishops of Pakistan are giving their “full solidarity and support” to Asma Jahangir, a human rights advocate in Pakistan who says her life is being threatened by factions in the country’s ruling establishment and intelligence services.", "\n\nPeter Jacob, executive secretary of the bishops’ Justice and Peace Commission, praised Jahangir’s commitment to “freedom of expression, legality for religious minorities, democracy and the rule of law,” Fides reports.", "\n\nJahangir is the founder and former president of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, a non-governmental organization that is represented in the United Nations Council for Human Rights.", "\n\nShe told Deutche Welle that “extremely reliable” sources have told her that some in the government, including the Inter-Services Intelligence security agency, have planned to kill her.", "\n\n“I am a very responsible person, and I do not usually make these kinds of allegations,” she said. “", "I have been threatened many times in my life but I never went to the police and never made any hue and cry about it. ", "I believe now it is my duty to speak up and say what is needed to be said.”", "\n\nThe Human Rights Commission of Pakistan has expressed “serious concern” about the allegations and has appealed to the international community.", "\n\nThe threats are mainly due to Jahangir’s recent commitment to issues in the West Pakistan province of Baluchistan, a site of rebellion where the armed forces have allegedly committed acts of lawlessness and abuse for some time, Fides news agency says.", "\n\nJahangir has denounced abductions, disappearances and extrajudicial killings of Baluchistan activists. ", "Over 2,000 people are missing, and 550 terrorist acts have taken place in recent years. ", "More than 100,000 people have fled because of the disorder.", "\n\nCatholic lawyer Naeem Shaker called for the condemnation of “any form of intimidation, violence and oppression” against those committed to human rights in Baluchistan." ]

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[ "Pages\n\nI deserve a treat\n\nJune 05, 2012\n\nEarly this morning, after my interview (Hooray for employment!), ", "I decided to have a breakfast again. ", "The first thing that popped in my mind was Cafe Mary Grace. ", "So I walked to Town. ", "Yes, the workplace is just near there (Oh My! ", "the temptations!) ", "It was kinda weird walking around that place at that hour. ", "Nakakapanibago. ", "I actually did a lot of walking today- again, hooray for healthy living!", "\n\nPlanning to order a Chocolate Truffle Cake (It's a must-try, believe me) But then I think they were not yet serving cakes during that time. ", "I didn't bother to ask 'cause it can give me an opportunity to try other pastries on the menu.", "\n\nTsoknut & Grilled Cheese roll and Ensaymada\n\nNext to Greenbelt's, this is my second favorite branch. ", "They are actually the exact opposite of each other. ", "In Greenbelt, they have this mezzanine and high ceiling and its Al fresco has a quite generous space. ", "In ATC, the atmosphere is more \"homey\" with the low ceiling and compact layout.", "\n\nSpot shot of the interior. ", "Yellow walls created more welcoming feeling.", "\n\naccent brick wall\n\nStained Glass displays\n\nLike in any other places- even in vehicles, my favorite area is the window seat.", "\n\nShare This Story\n\nA 26-year old human being from the Philippines. ", "An advocate of well-designed built environment. ", "The street is her playground and inspiration jar. ", "Her views are mostly influenced by Japanese Aesthetics." ]

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[ "@{\n ViewBag.", "Title = \"Form\";\n Layout = \"~/Views/Shared/_LayoutForm.cshtml\";\n}\n<script>\n $(function () {\n initSearchControl({\n id: 'areaSearch',\n name: 'AreaName',\n value :'@Model.", "AreaName',\n displayText : '@this.", "ViewBag.", "AreaText',\n height:280,\n dataSource: @Html.", "Raw(this.", "ViewBag.areaList),\n colModel: [{\n label: 'ID',\n name: 'ID',\n width: 30,\n key: true\n }, {\n label: '区域名称',\n width: 60,\n name: 'areaName'\n }]\n });\n });\n function submitForm(callback) {\n $.submitForm({\n url: \"SubmitForm\",\n data: $('form').serializeForm(),\n callback: callback,\n success: function (data) {\n if(data.indexOf(\"成功\")<0)\n {\n alert(data);\n this.close = false;\n }\n }\n });\n }\n</script>\n<div class=\"page-content\">\n <div class=\"row\">\n <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\n <form class=\"form-horizontal\" style=\"margin-top: 30px\">\n <input type=\"hidden\" name= \"ID\" value=\"@Model.", "ID\" />\n <input type=\"hidden\" name= \"AreaNo\" value=\"@Model.", "AreaNo\" />\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"col-sm-3 col-xs-3\">\n ID\n </label>\n <div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-9\">\n <input id=\"txtId\" readonly type=\"text\" class=\"col-xs-10 col-sm-10\" />\n <script>\n var id = $(\"form input[name='ID']\").val();\n if (id == -1)\n $(\"#txtId\").val(\"新增\");\n else\n $(\"#txtId\").val(id);\n </script>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"col-sm-3 col-xs-3\">\n 窗口名称\n </label>\n <div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-9\">\n <input type=\"text\" name=\"Name\" value=\"@Model.", "Name\" autocomplete=\"off\" class=\"col-xs-10 col-sm-10\" />\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"col-sm-3 col-xs-3\">\n 窗口号\n </label>\n <div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-9\">\n <input type=\"text\" name=\"Number\" value=\"@Model.", "Number\" autocomplete=\"off\" class=\"col-xs-10 col-sm-10\"/>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"col-sm-3 col-xs-3\">\n 窗口状态\n </label>\n <div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-9\">\n <select name=\"State\" class=\"col-xs-10 col-sm-10\">\n @foreach (var item in this.", "ViewBag.", "State)\n { \n <option value=\"@item.", "Value\">@item.", "Name</option>\n }\n </select>\n <script>\n $(\"form select[name='State']\").val(\"@(string.", "IsNullOrEmpty(Model.", "State) ? \"", "1\" : Model.", "State)\"); \n </script>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"col-sm-3 col-xs-3\">\n 呼叫器编号\n </label>\n <div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-9\">\n <input type=\"text\" name=\"CallNumber\" value=\"@Model.", "CallNumber\" autocomplete=\"off\" class=\"col-xs-10 col-sm-10\" />\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"col-sm-3 col-xs-3\">\n 区域名称\n </label>\n <div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-9\">\n <input id=\"areaSearch\" displaymember='areaName' valuemember='ID' type=\"text\" autocomplete=\"off\"\n class=\"col-xs-10 col-sm-10\" />\n </div>\n </div>\n </form>\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n" ]

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[ "The mythologist Joseph Campbell once wrote that Buddhists don’t dream of Christ. ", "His point is simple: if your identity is bound up in a certain set of beliefs, you’re likely not going to be unconsciously invaded by a different figure from another set, especially if you’ve never had contact with that system.", "\n\nCampbell jotted down this idea this well before the Internet, when people of various religions had much less access to different religious systems. ", "Buddhists were much more likely to envision a Bo tree over a crucifix any night.", "\n\nBut do Buddhists see Christian ghosts? ", "The concept of ghosts is universal. ", "In Buddhism, there are even categories of ghosts. ", "Hungry ghosts are beings driven by intense emotional desires, while ghosts as we generally know them in America—apparitions of the deceased—also exist. ", "Taoist hungry ghosts emerge from the ether if their meat casing of a human body died violently or unhappily. ", "In Christianity, the holy spirit is a ghost, but ancestors are ghostly too.", "\n\nThough ghosts are a global phenomenon—there is evidence humans are hardwired to “see” them—Knox College psychology professor Frank T. McAndrew writes that whatever god you worship influences the type of ghost you see. ", "Like Campbell, he recognizes prior belief influences what your eyes behold.", "\n\nFirst McAndrew surveys basic assumptions about the spirit world. ", "Protestants, Catholics, and Muslims, he writes, share a belief in resurrection and judgment, which eventually ends up in a heavenly realm or a hellish domain; Catholics throw in purgatory for good measure. ", "Buddhist and Hindus, while varying slightly depending on region, put stock in reincarnation, which requires a certain waiting period in which the soul might just happen to haunt the living—their own private purgatory.", "\n\nThis, McAndrew speculates, allows each believer to think they’re asserting control over the destiny of their individual ether in the context of the belief system they’ve been raised in. ", "But it turns out that this anxiety-reducing mechanism of an ever-after might actually induce a different kind of paranoia:\n\nCitar\n\nReligion’s talent for easing our anxiety about death may have had the perverse effect of increasing the likelihood that we’ll be on edge about ghosts, spirits and other supernatural beings.", "\n\nReligious believers are twice as likely to believe in ghosts than nonbelievers—and 18 percent of Americans have claimed to have seen one surfing the air. ", "If the believer is Muslim, he’ll likely think he’d spied a Jinn, since the concept of souls becoming ghosts isn’t prominent in Islam, whereas Protestants give credence to the paranormal. ", "Catholics also champion these type of spirits, even as they condemn followers from contacting them through the Ouija board they purchased on Amazon.", "\n\nOne of the most complex assertions on the waiting period between death and rebirth is expressed in the Bardo Thodol, a Tibetan text popularly known as the “book of the dead.” ", "While the validity of this “transitional state” is questionable, the rites associated with it are fascinating—so much so Carl Jung added commentary to W.Y. Evans-Wentz’s translation.", "\n\nJung is skeptical regarding the text’s more grandiose claims, comparing them to “the half-baked literature of European and American spiritualism.” ", "As an interior map of archetypes and psychology, however, he is enthralled. ", "He writes,\n\nCitar\n\nIt is a primordial, universal idea that the dead simply continue their earthly existence and do not know that they are disembodied spirits—an archetypal idea which enters into immediate, visible manifestation whenever anyone sees a ghost. ", "It is significant, too, that ghosts all over the world have certain features in common.", "\n\nThe features, which include a sort of hallucinogenic vision of a hazy figure and often relies on a “feeling” of presence rather than visual proof, are indeed experienced around the planet. ", "As McAndrew points out, prior beliefs influence how you see ghosts and what to make of them. ", "Their function, history, and friendliness (or foreboding nature) are all dependent upon what you previously thought about ghosts.", "\n\nWhich is why the concept continues to fascinate as a psychological construct. ", "The human brain is capable of creating things that do not exist and actually seeing them in front of their own eyes. ", "There’s a saying that life is what you make it. ", "Turns out that death might just be as well.", "\n\nDerek is the author of Whole Motion: Training Your Brain and Body For Optimal Health. ", "Based in Los Angeles, he is working on a new book about spiritual consumerism. ", "Stay in touch on Facebook and Twitter." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nEmbodiments of the present invention generally relate to supported catalysts containing precious group metals and, more particularly, to engine exhaust catalysts containing palladium and gold, and methods of production thereof.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nMany industrial products such as fuels, lubricants, polymers, fibers, drugs, and other chemicals would not be manufacturable without the use of catalysts. ", "Catalysts are also essential for the reduction of pollutants, particularly air pollutants created during the production of energy and by automobiles. ", "Many industrial catalysts are composed of a high surface area support material upon which chemically active metal nanoparticles (i.e., nanometer sized metal particles) are dispersed. ", "The support materials are generally inert, ceramic type materials having surface areas on the order of hundreds of square meters/gram. ", "This high specific surface area usually requires a complex internal pore system. ", "The metal nanoparticles are deposited on the support and dispersed throughout this internal pore system, and are generally between 1 and 100 nanometers in size.", "\nSupported catalysts are quite useful in removing pollutants from vehicle exhausts. ", "Vehicle exhausts contain harmful pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), that contribute to the “smog-effect” that have plagued major metropolitan areas across the globe. ", "Catalytic converters containing supported catalysts and particulate filters have been used to remove such harmful pollutants from the vehicle exhaust. ", "While pollution from vehicle exhaust has decreased over the years from the use of catalytic converters and particulate filters, research into improved supported catalysts has been continuing as requirements for vehicle emission control have become more stringent and as vehicle manufacturers seek to use less amounts of precious metal in the supported catalysts to reduce the total cost of emission control.", "\nThe prior art teaches the use of supported catalysts containing palladium and gold as good partial oxidation catalysts. ", "As such, they have been used extensively in the production of vinyl acetate in the vapor phase by reaction of ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen. ", "See, e.g., U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,022,823. ", "As for vehicle emission control applications, U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,763,309 speculates that palladium-gold might be a good bimetallic candidate for increasing the rate of NO decomposition. ", "The disclosure, however, is based on a mathematical model and is not supported by experimental data. ", "There is also no teaching in this patent that a palladium-gold system will be effective in treating vehicle emissions that include CO and HC.", "\nU.S. patent application Ser. ", "No. ", "11/624,116, now abandoned, and U.S. patent application Ser. ", "No. ", "11/624,128 disclose engine exhaust catalysts containing palladium and gold that have been proven to be effective in treating vehicle emissions that include CO and HC. ", "The process disclosed in these patent applications for producing palladium-gold catalysts involves contacting of a support material such as alumina with metal salt solutions containing palladium and gold, and reducing the palladium and gold ions to metal particles in situ and in the presence of the support material using suitable reducing agents. ", "Suitable reducing agents include one or more of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and hydrazine (N2H4), both of which are hazardous and require special handling and disposal." ]

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[ "Mark Coleman (hurler)\n\nMark Coleman (born 23 December 1997) is an Irish hurler who plays as a left wing-back for club side Blarney, divisional side Muskerry and at inter-county level with the Cork senior hurling team. ", "Through his underage success, he earned the name Mandingo, where the name has carried forward into senior level.", "\n\nPlaying career\n\nScoil Mhuire gan Smál\n\nColeman first came to prominence as a hurler with Scoil Mhuire Gan Smál in Blarney. ", "Having played hurling in every grade during his time at the school, he usually lined out at midfield on the senior team. ", "On 16 March 2016, he scored nine points as Scoil Mhuire Gan Smál defeated Roscommon CBS by 0-17 to 2-09 to take the All-Ireland title in the third tier Cusack Cup.", "\n\nUniversity College Cork\n\nAfter lining out for the University College Cork freshers' team in his first year at university, Coleman was added to the senior team in advance of the 2020 Fitzgibbon Cup. ", "On 23 February 2019, he won a Fitzgibbon Cup medal after lining out at midfield in UCC's 2-21 to 0-13 defeat of Mary Immaculate College in the final.", "\n\nColeman played in a second successive Fitzgibbon Cup final on 12 February 2020. ", "Lining out at right wing-back, he ended the game with a second successive winners' medal after the 0-18 to 2-11 defeat of the Institute of Technology, Carlow.", "\n\nBlarney\n\nColeman joined the Blarney club at a young age and played in all grades at juvenile and underage levels. ", "On 24 May 2015, he made his championship debut and scored three points from frees in a 2-13 to 0-15 defeat of Kilworth. ", "Coleman has also been selected for divisional side Muskerry in the senior championship.", "\n\nCork\n\nMinor and under-21\n\nColeman first played for Cork at minor level in 2015, however, his sole season in the grade ended without success with a defeat by Limerick. ", "On 23 June 2016, Coleman made his first appearance for the Cork under-21 hurling team, scoring 1-2 in Cork's seven-point defeat by Limerick. ", "He also played in Cork's unsuccessful championship campaign in 2017. ", "On 4 July 2018, Coleman won a Munster medal after scoring three points in Cork's 2-23 to 1-13 defeat of Tipperary in the final. ", "On 26 August 2018, he was at centre-back in Cork's 3-13 to 1-16 All-Ireland final defeat by Tipperary in what was his last game in the grade. ", "Coleman was later nominated for Player of the Year.", "\n\nSenior\n\nColeman made his senior debut for Cork on 9 July 2016, replacing Stephen McDonnell for the final two minutes of an All-Ireland Qualifier against Wexford at Páirc Uí Rinn. ", "He made his first start in a National League defeat of Clare on 11 February 2017, before making his first championship start later that season in a Munster Championship quarter-final against Tipperary. ", "Coleman was a regular starter for Cork's subsequent championship games, with his performance against Waterford in the semi-final earning him the GAA/GPA Player of the Month award. ", "On 9 July 2017, he won his first Munster medal following a 1-25 to 1-20 defeat of Clare in the final. ", "Coleman ended the season with an All-Star award.", "\n\nOn 1 July 2018, Coleman won a second successive Munster medal following a 2-24 to 3-19 defeat of Clare in the final. ", "He ended the season by being nominated for a second consecutive All-Star Award as well as Young Hurler of the Year.", "\n\nCareer statistics\n\nUniversity\n\nClub\n\nDivision\n\nInter-county\n\nHonours\n\nTeam\n\nScoil Mhuire Gan Smál\n All-Ireland Post-Primary Schools Senior C Hurling Championship (1): 2016\n\nUniversity College Cork\nFitzgibbon Cup (2): 2019, 2020\n\nCork\nMunster Senior Hurling Championship (2): 2017, 2018\nMunster Senior Hurling League (1): 2017\nMunster Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 2018\n\nIndividual\n\nAwards\n GAA-GPA All-Star Award (1): 2017\n GAA/GPA Player of the Month (1): June 2017\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nMark Coleman profile at the Cork GAA website\n\nCategory:1997 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Blarney hurlers\nCategory:Muskerry hurlers\nCategory:Cork inter-county hurlers" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAdapt combobox to work on scale\n\nI'm developing a software in c# using Microsft Visual Studio 2017 where I have some comboboxes in it.", "\nEverything works correctly regardless of the screen resolution but, when I set a different scale from 100% all the comboboxes show very small.", "\n \nSee pictures below to better understanding:\n100% Scale: \n\n175% Scale:\n\nAs you can see, combobox looks smaller as much as I get a bigger scale factor in my Windows configuration.", "\nHow can I maintain the same size ratio when I change the scale?", "\nThese are the settings that I have for my comboBox:\n\nAnd this are the settings of my form:\n\nThanks for the help!", "\n\nA:\n\nFinally I found a way that \"solved\" the problem.", "\nAfter creating the .exe file, I make right click and select Properties:\nAfter that, select Compatibility and set this configuration (I'm sorry, my SO is in spanish):\n\nAfter setting this, Windows will rescale correctly.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Binational study of pediatric blood lead levels along the United States/Mexico border.", "\nTo evaluate lead exposure among children living in border communities, the states of Arizona and New Mexico in the United States (US), and the states of Sonora and Chihuahua in Mexico collaboratively requested that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide technical assistance to document pediatric blood lead levels (BLLs) in children living along this part of the US/Mexico border. ", "Two studies were conducted to evaluate BLLs of children aged 1-6 years. ", "In 1998, 1210 children were tested in the Arizona/Sonora study; in 1999, 874 children were tested in New Mexico/Chihuahua. ", "Overall geometric mean BLL was 32.5 microg/l (95% Confidence Interval 31.5-33.5) with BLLs ranging from below limit of detection to 320.0 microg/l. Mean BLLs were higher among children living on the Mexican side of the border (43.2 microg/l) compared to those on the US side (22.3 microg/l). ", "Mean BLLs ranged from 14.9 to 31.2 microg/l at the US sites and from 26.9 to 55.2 microg/l at the Mexican sites. ", "This study used a convenience sample and cannot be considered representative of the general population. ", "Nonetheless, the range of mean BLLs among the sites and especially the higher mean BLLs among children living in the border communities in Mexico suggests different exposures to lead and warrants further attention." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nCopy Paste Multiple Cells Excel VBA\n\nI have tens of individual cells that need to be copied from a daily report to a master sheet every day. ", "The cells that need to be copied are found on different rows in the daily report, and need to be paste into various cells in the master.", "\nMy VBA:\n`Sub COPYCELL()\nDim wbk As Workbook\n\nstrFirstFile = \"c:\\daily_report-2016-07-19.xlsx\"\nstrSecondFile = \"c:\\testbook.xlsx\"\n\nSet wbk = Workbooks.", "Open(strFirstFile)\nWith wbk.", "Sheets(\"(Data)\")\n\n Range(\"C31\", \"D31\", \"E31\").Copy\n\nEnd With\n\nSet wbk = Workbooks.", "Open(strSecondFile)\nWith wbk.", "Sheets(\"Sheet1\")\n Range(\"KD213\", \"KE213\", \"KJ213\").PasteSpecial\n\nEnd With\n\nEnd Sub\n\n`\nSo C31 goes to KD213, D31 to KE213 etc.. but this gives an error since excel can only deal with 2 cells to copy.", "\nAnyone know how to add additional copy cells and destinations?", "\nThanks!", "\n\nA:\n\nHere is a simple way:\nSub COPYCELL()\n\n Dim wbk1 As Workbook, wbk2 As Workbook\n Dim ws1 As Worksheet, ws2 As Worksheet\n\n strFirstFile = \"c:\\daily_report-2016-07-19.xlsx\"\n strSecondFile = \"c:\\testbook.xlsx\"\n\n Set wbk1 = Workbooks.", "Open(strFirstFile)\n Set ws1 = wbk1.Sheets(\"(Data)\")\n\n Set wbk2 = Workbooks.", "Open(strSecondFile)\n Set ws2 = wbk2.Sheets(\"Sheet1\")\n\n With ws2\n\n .Range(\"KD213\").Value = ws1.Range(\"C31\").Value\n .Range(\"KE213\").Value = ws1.Range(\"D31\").Value\n .Range(\"KJ213\").Value = ws1.Range(\"E31\").Value\n\n End With\n\nEnd Sub\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Formby burglar who once knocked himself out on a plant pot jailed again\n\nDecember 4, 2015\n\nGerard Sanders has a history of targeting homes in Birkdale and Formby\n\nA prolific house breaker has been jailed in relation to a burglary in Birkdale.", "\n\nGerard Sanders, 32, has been jailed for offences including a burglary in Cromer Road, Birkdale.", "\n\nSanders is well known for once knocking himself out on a plant pot after jumping out of a window in Formby.", "\n\nin 2010 a 64-year-old Formby man was weeding his front garden when neighbour spotted a man jumping over a back fence and entering the back of the Robinsons’ home in Andrew’s Close.", "\n\nAfter being alerted, the 64-year-old went back into his house and up the stairs to search for the intruder, until Sanders decided to escape by leaping from the bedroom window. ", "The two Formby men both discovered Sanders lying on the driveway, and immediately contacted the emergency services.", "\n\nSanders, who has a lengthy criminal record, woke up to find himself surrounded by police officers and was arrested at the scene before spending the night in hospital.", "\n\nHe later pleaded guilty to attempted burglary and burglary.", "\n\nAt the time Birkdale Neighbourhood Inspector, Jim Atherton, said: “The initial arrest was am excellent example of pro-active police work. “", "Hopefully this will serve as a message to travelling criminals.”", "\n\nIn 2011 Gerard Sanders was found with stolen goods in Bootle which police linked to a burglary on Harrod Drive in Birkdale.", "\n\nThe home had been raided over August 8 and 9 when the owners were away. ", "Sanders, was stopped by officers on Washington Parade in Bootle for a routine check.", "\n\nThe Anfield man was carrying an iPod, digital photo frame and digital camera.", "\n\nOfficers were not happy with the explanation he gave and arrested him. ", "The electronics were linked to the Harrod Drive burglary and Sanders was arrested again on August 11 and charged with receiving stolen goods. ", "At South Sefton Magistrates’ Court, he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 26 weeks in prison." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nShortening an if-else structure in Ruby\n\nI have written something like this, the same if-else logic I knew from Visual Basic 6.0, but I am sure there is a better \"Ruby way\" of writing it. ", "\nCan you please show me how it would look like in Ruby world?", "\n if params[:medication_name].nil?", "\n med_name = 'all'\n elsif params[:medication_name] == 'undefined'\n med_name = 'all'\n else\n med_name = params[:medication_name]\n end\n\nA:\n\nThere are several different ways you could simplify this, for example:\nmed_name = params[:medication_name]\nmed_name = 'all' if med_name.nil? ", "or med_name == 'undefined'\n\nA:\n\nFor your case, something like this:\nmed_name = params[:medication_name] \nmed_name = 'all' if [nil, 'undefined'].include? ", "med_name\n\nFor more general long chains of if/elsif/else, look at case statements. ", " They're overkill in this case, but here's an example:\nmed_name = case params[:med_name]\n when 'undefined', nil \n 'all'\n else\n params[:med_name]\nend\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "\n549 N.W.2d 872 (1996)\n452 Mich. 218\nPACIFIC EMPLOYERS INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellee,\nv.\nMICHIGAN MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant-Appellant, and\nState Farm Mutual Insurance Company, Defendant-Appellee, and\nWest Ottawa Public Schools and Gertrude Witteveen, Defendants.", "\nDocket No. ", "99285, Calendar No. ", "1.", "\nSupreme Court of Michigan.", "\nArgued January 9, 1996.", "\nDecided July 9, 1996.", "\n*873 Cholette, Perkins & Buchanan by Robert E. Attmore, Grand Rapids, for plaintiff.", "\nAllaben, Massie, Vander Weyden & Timmer by Sam F. Massie, Jr., Grand Rapids, for Michigan Mutual Insurance Company.", "\nLinsey, Strain & Worsfold, P.C. by Joseph P. VanderVeen, Grand Rapids, for State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company.", "\n\nOpinion\nLEVIN, Justice.", "\nThe question presented is whether a school district's general liability insurer or its automobile liability insurer is subject to liability for injuries suffered by a child returning from her first day of kindergarten, who was disembarked by a school bus driver at the wrong stop, and who, trying to find her way to her destination, was injured crossing a street at an unfamiliar location.", "\nThe general liability insurer asserts that the injury arose out of the \"use\" of the school *874 bus, while the automobile insurer asserts that the injury did not arise out of the \"use\" of the school bus, but rather was the result of the separate and personal negligent act of the school bus driver.", "\nWe hold that \"use\" of a school bus, as stated in these policies of insurance, includes disembarkation of a kindergartener at a place other than the predetermined bus stop, and that an injury that is foreseeably identifiable with the disembarkation at a place other than the predetermined location, arises out of the \"use\" of the school bus.", "\n\nI\nFive-and-one-half-year-old Amy Doolaard was returning on September 8, 1982, from her first day of kindergarten in the West Ottawa Public Schools on a school bus driven by school system employee Gertrude Witteveen. ", "Amy was wearing a tag on her clothes supplied by the school indicating that she was to be let off the bus at the corner of 156th and Lakewood. ", "Witteveen had been furnished with a list of the students and the locations where they were to be dropped off. ", "She was to check by radio with the school if a tag did not correspond with the list. ", "She did not do so, and mistakenly dropped Amy off at 160th and Perry.", "\nAmy, in an effort to reach her babysitter's house on her own, walked about half a mile along 160th Street to Lakewood Boulevard. ", "When Amy reached Lakewood, she attempted to cross the street, but was struck by an oncoming car. ", "Amy sustained serious and permanent disabling injuries.", "\n\nA\nWest Ottawa had insurance coverage through three carriers. ", "Appellant Michigan Mutual Insurance Company was the general liability carrier providing primary coverage up to one million dollars. ", "The policy was subject to the following exclusions:\nTransportation of Pupils: With respect to the transportation of students or pupils, exclusions (b) and (e) of the policy are replaced by the following:\nThe insurance does not apply to bodily injury or property damage arising out of the ownership, maintenance, operation, use, loading or unloading of any ... automobile... owned, operated or hired by or for the insured.... [Emphasis added.]", "\nThe automobile liability carrier was appellee State Farm Mutual Insurance Company, which provided primary coverage up to $500,000. ", "The policy provided that the insurer agrees:\nTo pay on behalf of the insured all sums which the insured shall be legally obligated to pay as damages because of\n(A) bodily injury sustained by other persons, and\n(B) property damage,\ncaused by accident arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use, including loading or unloading, of the owned motor vehicle.... [Emphasis added.]", "\nSchool Bus, Church and Other Approved Bus Use\nThe coverage applies only while the motor vehicle is used for a \"use\" shown in the exceptions space on the declarations page and during maintenance, inspection, testing or renovation, subject to:\nUse\nBus uses are:\nA. School Bus Use.", "\nSchool Bus Use—means the carrying of persons in connection with school attendance or any school activity of your school or school district. [", "Emphasis added.]", "\nAppellee Pacific Employers Insurance Company was the umbrella carrier, providing coverage up to five million dollars applicable when the primary coverage provided by State Farm or Michigan Mutual is exhausted.", "\n\nB\nJohannes Doolaard, Amy's father and conservator of her estate, brought suit in May 1985 against West Ottawa Public Schools and school bus driver Witteveen for damages resulting from Amy's injuries.", "\nThe excess carrier, Pacific, filed this action seeking a declaratory judgment concerning the liabilities of the insurers. ", "Pacific contended that the general liability insurer, Michigan Mutual, rather than the automobile *875 insurer, State Farm, was the primary insurer. ", "While this action was pending, the underlying law suit was settled.", "\nThe circuit judge ruled, in the present action, that Michigan Mutual was primarily liable for costs incurred in the settlement of the underlying suit. ", "The Court of Appeals affirmed.[1] The Court concluded that \"use\" should be defined narrowly \"to encompass only those injuries arising from the carrying of persons aboard the bus.", "\"[2] Because Amy's injuries occurred five to ten minutes after and about half a mile away from where she alighted from the bus, the Court reasoned that the injuries and damages were not covered by the State Farm policy. ", "The Court drew a distinction between Witteveen's driving of the school bus, which it said involved the \"use\" of the bus, and her \"separate, personal act of discharging Amy Doolaard at the wrong stop.", "\"[3]\n\nII\nThe parties agree that one or the other of the two primary insurers, Michigan Mutual or State Farm, is subject to liability. ", "It is not claimed that neither primary insurer is subject to liability with the result that only the excess carrier provides coverage.", "\nThe question is whether the accident that injured Amy arose, as stated in the State Farm policy, \"out of the ownership, maintenance or use\" of the school bus or whether, as stated in the Michigan Mutual Policy, coverage is excluded because the accident arose \"out of the ownership, maintenance, operation, use, loading or unloading\" of the school bus.", "\nBecause the language in the State Farm policy describing the coverage and the language in the Michigan Mutual Policy describing the exclusion from coverage is essentially parallel, the general rules of construction are of little assistance in resolving this controversy between two (or three) insurers in which the insured has no direct interest. ", "We, nevertheless, note that, in general, exclusionary clauses are construed against the insurer.[4] But, \"[t]his Court cannot create ambiguity where none exists.... Clear and specific exclusions must be given effect.", "\"[5] We also review an exclusion from coverage, bearing in mind that an insurance contract should be read as a whole to effectuate the overall intent of the parties.[6]\n\nIII\nWe turn to a consideration of whether Amy's injury \"arose from\" the \"use\" of the school bus.", "\nThe school bus was \"used\" to transport Amy until shortly before the accident. ", "She was injured after disembarking the bus.", "\nThe tort standard of causation is not determinative of causation in an insurance case.[7] The insured must show more than the minimal \"but for\" causation. ", "See Thornton v. Allstate Ins. ", "Co., 425 Mich. 643, 650, 391 N.W.2d 320 (1986), in which this Court adopted a causation standard set forth in Kangas v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., 64 Mich.App. ", "1, 17, 235 N.W.2d 42 (1975), that stated:\n[W]hile the automobile need not be the proximate cause of the injury, there still must be a causal connection between the injury sustained and the ownership, maintenance or use of the automobile and which causal connection is more than incidental, fortuitous or but for. ", "The injury must be foreseeably identifiable with the normal use, maintenance and ownership of the vehicle.", "\n*876 Other states and commentators have stated essentially comparable standards.[8]\n\nIV\nThe Court of Appeals concluded that \"`[u]se' is narrowly defined to encompass only those injuries arising from the carrying of persons aboard the bus.", "\"[9] While this definition may suffice for a public transit bus that transports passengers from embarkation to disembarkation, the Court of Appeals definition ignores a major aspect of the particular \"use\" to which a school bus is put. ", "A school bus driver is charged both with physically carrying passengers on the bus and with assuring that each child is delivered to a predetermined bus stop. ", "When this driver failed to disembark the child at the correct location, she \"misused\" the bus. ", "The injuries that followed were foreseeably identifiable with the negligent decision to disembark the child at the wrong bus stop.", "\nThe Court of Appeals failed to recognize the scope of the term \"use\" when it held that school bus use under the State Farm policy was limited to the carrying of persons in connection with school attendance.[10] \"Use\" is defined more broadly than the mere carrying of persons and, while it encompasses the \"operation\" of the bus, it may also include a range of activity unrelated to actual driving.[11]\n\nA\nAlthough the State Farm policy does not include the term \"operation,\" \"use\" as \"the carrying of persons\" under the State Farm policy includes at least the operation of school buses. ", "If we were to construe the policy otherwise, even the most obvious negligent driving would not be covered by the State Farm policy, such as where a school bus driver negligently decides to pass despite a double yellow line and that decision results in injuries to persons aboard the school bus.", "\nThe \"use\" of a school bus, even when limited by the State Farm policy to \"carrying of persons in connection with school attendance,\" encompasses the disembarkment of school children at predetermined bus stops. ", "In Burke Co. School Dist. ", "v. Roberts, 220 Ga.App. ", "510, 513, 469 S.E.2d 529 (1996), in which the issue was as here whether the automobile liability insurer or the general liability insurer was responsible for school bus driver negligence in disembarking a young child at an unauthorized bus stop, and the child was struck by an automobile trying to navigate his way home, the Georgia court held that \"the dropping off of the child was *877 unquestionably an act which arose `out of the ownership, maintenance, operation, use,' of the school bus....\"\nState Farm asserts that it is not subject to liability because it was the school bus driver's \"separate, personal act of discharging Amy Doolaard at the wrong stop\" and not her \"use\" of the school bus that caused the injuries. ", "This is not a legally recognizable distinction, however. ", "The school bus driver's charge included disembarking the children at predetermined bus stops, not merely transporting them to and from school. ", "The driver \"used\" the school bus in doing so, even if one characterizes her conduct as a \"separate and personal\" act.", "\nA foreseeably identifiable injury resulting from the failure to disembark a child from the school bus at the predetermined destination is no more beyond the scope of \"use\" under the State Farm Policy because the separate and personal negligence of the school bus driver was involved than a foreseeably identifiable injury caused by the school bus crossing a double yellow line or going through a red light would be excluded from \"use\" under the State Farm policy because the separate and personal negligence of the school bus driver was involved.[12]\n\nB\nOur analysis of the Michigan Mutual policy reinforces our conclusion that State Farm, as the automobile liability insurer, rather than Michigan Mutual, the general liability insurer, is responsible for providing coverage in the circumstances. ", "Michigan Mutual's policy states that \"[t]he insurance does not apply to bodily injury or property damage arising out of ... use ... of any ... automobile....\" Although this exclusion is written in the negative, the language is otherwise virtually identical to that found in the State Farm policy. ", "Accordingly, the analysis in this opinion respecting the provisions concerning coverage in the State Farm policy apply to the virtually mirror-image language of the Michigan Mutual exclusion.", "\nAlso telling is that the language of the Michigan Mutual exclusion is set forth under the heading, \"Transportation of Pupils.\" ", "This heading clearly communicates Michigan Mutual's intention not to provide coverage for the transportation of pupils in particular.", "\n\nV\nOrdinarily an automobile liability insurer would not be responsible for injuries suffered, say, ten minutes after disembarkation, and a quarter of a mile from the place where the passenger was disembarked.[13]\nWe conclude, however, that the term \"use\" in the phrase \"arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use\" of a school bus includes disembarking school children, especially a child at the conclusion of her first day of kindergarten, at the predetermined location. ", "The purpose of transporting a child by a school bus is to assure that the child reaches the predetermined bus stop under the supervision of the school bus driver. ", "Driver Witteveen used the bus to take Amy to the *878 wrong place, and a foreseeably identifiable injury resulted. ", "When a school bus driver disembarks a child at a location other than the predetermined location, the purpose of providing secure school bus transportation may, as here, be significantly defeated.", "\nReversed.", "\nBRICKLEY, C.J., and MICHAEL F. CAVANAGH, BOYLE, RILEY, MALLETT, and WEAVER, JJ., ", "concur.", "\nNOTES\n[1] 204 Mich.App. ", "265, 514 N.W.2d 239 (1994).", "\n[2] Id. at 269, 514 N.W.2d 239.", "\n[3] Id. at 270, 514 N.W.2d 239.", "\n[4] Bianchi v. Automobile Club of Michigan, 437 Mich. 65, 70, 467 N.W.2d 17 (1991).", "\n[5] Auto-Owners Ins. ", "Co. v. Churchman, 440 Mich. 560, 567, 489 N.W.2d 431 (1992); Allstate Ins. ", "Co. v. Freeman, 432 Mich. 656, 666, 443 N.W.2d 734 (1989).", "\n[6] Churchman, n. 5 supra at 566, 489 N.W.2d 431; Fresard v. Michigan Millers Mut. ", "Ins. ", "Co., 414 Mich. 686, 694, 327 N.W.2d 286 (1982).", "\n[7] Vanguard Ins. ", "Co. v. Clarke, 438 Mich. 463, 466, n. 3, 475 N.W.2d 48 (1991); Hernandez v. Protective Casualty Ins., ", "473 So.2d 1241 (Fla., 1985).", "\n[8] After surveying case law construing the phrase \"arising out of the use of\" from its own and other jurisdictions, the Supreme Court of Connecticut stated that for a homeowner's exclusion with that language to apply, \"it is sufficient to show only that the accident or injury `was connected with,' `had its origins in,' `grew out of,' `flowed from,' or `was incident to' the use of the automobile....\" Hogle v. Hogle, 167 Conn. 572, 577, 356 A.2d 172 (1975). ", "See also Classified Ins. ", "Corp. v. Vodinelich, 368 N.W.2d 921, 923 (Minn., 1985) (requiring the injury to be \"a natural and reasonable incident or consequence of the use of the vehicle\"); 6B Appleman, Insurance Law & Practice, § 4317, pp 360-363 (the phrase \"ordinarily understood to mean originating from, incident to, or having connection with the use of the vehicle\").", "\n\nCompare Michigan Mut. ", "Liability Co. v. Ohio Casualty Ins. ", "Co., 123 Mich.App. ", "688, 695, 333 N.W.2d 327 (1983) (adopting the \"flowing from,\" \"growing out of standard\") with Century Mut. ", "Ins. ", "Co. v. League General Ins. ", "Co., 213 Mich.App. ", "114, 119-120, 541 N.W.2d 272 (1995) (rejecting Michigan Mutual as too \"liberal\" and inconsistent with \"the more restrictive causation requirements of Thornton/Kangas \").", "\n[9] 204 Mich.App. ", "at 269, 514 N.W.2d 239.", "\n[10] 204 Mich.App. ", "at 269, 514 N.W.2d 239.", "\n[11] See 1 Long, Liability Insurance, § 4.17, p 4-128 (\"The word `use' has a broader connotation than the words `operate' or `drive'\"). ", "See also Vanguard, n. 7 supra.", "\n\nIn Vanguard, this Court held that the insureds' deaths \"arose out\" of the operation of a vehicle where one of the insureds drove his vehicle into the garage and accidently asphyxiated himself and two members of his family by lowering the garage door while keeping the engine running. ", "We so concluded although the vehicle was not being \"operated\" and was not \"carrying\" anyone anywhere at the time of the injury.", "\nState Farm and Pacific contend that Vanguard is inapposite because the issue in that case was whether this Court would adopt the theory of concurrent or dual causation. ", "Nevertheless, the question presented required this Court to resolve whether the accident fit within the automobile exclusion in the insureds' homeowner policy. ", "See also Allstate Ins. ", "v. Keillor, 450 Mich. 412, 537 N.W.2d 589 (1995).", "\n[12] We do not, however, mean to imply that all negligent acts of a school bus driver necessarily involve the \"use\" of a school bus. ", "Situations can be imagined in which a driver's negligence is so disconnected with the use of the school bus that the injuries suffered could not properly be said to be within the language of the State Farm policy considered in this case.", "\n[13] In USF & G v. Citizens Insurance Co., 201 Mich.App. ", "491, 506 N.W.2d 527 (1993), the Court of Appeals correctly concluded that the defendant, whose general liability insurance policy contained an automobile-use exception virtually identical to the one found in the Michigan Mutual policy, was not required to indemnify the transit company in a case in which a passenger on the bus was hit by a car shortly after getting off.", "\n\nState Farm and Pacific contend that this case is distinguishable from USF & G and others like it because the link between the use of the school bus and Amy's injury was broken because the injury occurred about five to ten minutes after and half a mile from where she alighted from the bus.", "\nAn accident can be no less said to \"flow from\" or \"grow out of\" a school bus driver's misuse of a school bus when the error is of relatively great geographic scope and the child is struck after walking for some distance in an effort to reach home. ", "Nor is such an accident less foreseeable. ", "Regardless of the scope of the mistake, the child was still obliged to walk alone and unaided and face the dangers sought to be avoided by use of the school bus. ", "See Burke Co School Dist, supra at 513, 469 S.E.2d 529.", "\n" ]

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[ "---\nabstract: '[ The Birkhoff Ergodic Theorem concludes that time averages, i.e., Birkhoff averages, $\\mbox{B}_N(f):=\\Sigma_{n=0}^{N-1} f(x_n)/N$ of a function $f$ along a length $N$ ergodic trajectory $(x_n)$ of a function $T$ converge to the space average $\\int f d\\mu$, where $\\mu$ is the unique invariant probability measure. ", "Convergence of the time average to the space average is slow. ", "We use a modified average of $f(x_n)$ by giving very small weights to the “end” terms when $n$ is near $0$ or $N-1$. When $(x_n)$ is a trajectory on a quasiperiodic torus and $f$ and $T$ are $C^\\infty$, our Weighted Birkhoff average (denoted ${\\mbox{WB}}_N(f)$) converges “super” fast to $\\int f d\\mu$ with respect to the number of iterates $N$, i.e. with error decaying faster than $N^{-m}$ for every integer $m$. Our goal is to show that our Weighted Birkhoff average is a powerful computational tool, and this paper illustrates its use for several examples where the quasiperiodic set is one or two dimensional. ", "In particular, we compute rotation numbers and conjugacies (i.e. changes of variables) and their Fourier series, often with 30-digit accuracy. ]{}'", "\nauthor:\n- 'Suddhasattwa Das,'\n- 'Yoshitaka Saiki,'\n- 'Evelyn Sander,'\n- James A Yorke\nbibliography:\n- 'Weighted\\_calc\\_bibliography.bib'\n- '1D\\_bibliography.bib'\ndate:\n- \n- \ntitle:\n- \n- Quantitative Quasiperiodicity\n---\n\n[**Keywords:**]{} Quasiperiodicity, Birkhoff Ergodic Theorem, Hamiltonian Systems, Rotation Number, KAM Tori.", "\n\nIntroduction {#sect:intro}\n============\n\nQuasiperiodicity is a key type of observed dynamical behavior in a diverse set of applications. ", "We say a map $T$ is ($d$-dimensionally) quasiperiodic (for $d\\ge 1$) if (i) $T: {{\\mathbb{T}^d}}\\to {{\\mathbb{T}^d}}$ and (ii) each trajectory is dense in ${{\\mathbb{T}^d}}$ and (iii) there is a continuous choice of coordinates $\\theta=(\\theta_1,\\cdots,\\theta_d)$ and some $\\rho=(\\rho_1,\\cdots,\\rho_d)\\in{{\\mathbb{T}^d}}$ for which the $T$ has the form $$\\label{quasi}\nT(\\theta) = \\theta+\\rho \\bmod1.$$ Condition (ii) can be replaced by saying in dimension $d=1$ that $\\rho$ is irrational and in dimension $d>1$ that all of the coordinates $\\rho_j$ of $\\rho$ are irrational and they are “independent” over the reals; that is if $a=(a_1,\\cdots,a_d)$ is a vector of integers and $\\sum_{j=1}^da_j\\rho_j = 0$, then every $a_j =0$. We then say such a $\\rho$ is [**irrational**]{}.", "\n\nLet $T$ be a $C^\\infty$ quasiperiodic map. ", "The quasiperiodicity persists for most small perturbations by the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theory. ", "We believe that quasiperiodicity is one of only three types of invariant sets with a dense trajectory that can occur in typical smooth maps. ", "The other two types are periodic sets and chaotic sets. ", "See [@sander:yorke:15] for the statement of our formal conjecture of this triumvirate. ", "For example, quasiperiodicity occurs in a system of weakly coupled oscillators, in which there is an invariant smooth attracting torus in phase space with behavior that can be described exclusively by the phase angles of rotation of the system. ", "Indeed, it is the property of the motion being described using only a set of phase angles that always characterizes quasiperiodic behavior. ", "In a now classical set of papers, Newhouse, Ruelle, and Takens demonstrated a route to chaos through a region with quasiperiodic behavior, causing a surge in the study of the motion [@newhouse:ruelle:takens:78]. ", "There is active current interest in development of a systematic numerical and theoretical approach to bifurcation theory for quasiperiodic systems. ", "Our goal in this paper is to present a numerical method for the fast calculation of the limit of Birkhoff averages in quasiperiodic systems, allowing us to compute various key quantities.", "\n\nIf $f$ is integrable and the dynamical system is ergodic on the set in which the trajectory lives, then the Birkhoff Ergodic Theorem asserts that the Birkhoff average $\\mbox{B}_N$ defined as $$\\label{eq:B_N}\n\\mbox{B}_N(f):=\\displaystyle\\sum_{n=0}^{N-1} f(x_n)/N$$ of a function $f$ along an ergodic trajectory $(x_n)$ converges to the space average $\\int f d\\mu$ as $N\\to\\infty$ for $\\mu$-almost every $x_0$, where $\\mu$ is the unique invariant probability measure. ", "In particular for quasiperiodic systems all trajectories with initial point in the ergodic set have the same limit of their Birkhoff averages. ", "We develop a numerical technique for calculating the limit of such averages, where instead of weighting the terms $f(x_n)$ in the average equally, we weight the early and late terms of the set $\\{0,\\dots,N-1 \\}$ much less than the terms with $n\\sim N/2$ in the middle. ", "That is, rather than using the equal weighting $(1/N)$ in the Birkhoff average, we use a weighting function $w(n/N)$.\n\n[**Weighted Birkhoff averaging method.**]{} ", "A function $w:{{\\mathbb{R}}}\\to [0,\\infty)$ will be called a $C^\\infty$ [**weighting function**]{} if $w$ is infinitely differentiable and $w>0$ on $(0,1)$ and $= 0$ elsewhere. ", "The example of such a function that we will use in this paper is in Eq. ", "\\[eqn:weight\\] (Fig. ", "\\[fig:weight\\_exp\\]) defined as $$\\label{eqn:weight}\nw(t) :=\\begin{cases}\n\\exp\\left(\\cfrac{-1}{t(1-t)}\\right), & \\mbox{for } t\\in(0,1)\\\\\n0, & \\mbox{for } t\\notin(0,1).", "\n\\end{cases}$$\n\nSee Eq. ", "\\[eqn:wp\\] for a family of weighting functions $w^{[p]}(t)$ that converge even faster when many digits of precision are required. ", "This is an example of what is often referred to as “window” functions in spectral analysis or a “bump” function in the theory of partitions of unity.", "\n\nFor $d=1$, ${{\\mathbb{T}^d}}$ is a simple closed curve. ", "For a continuous function $f$ and a $C^\\infty$ quasiperiodic map $T$ on ${{\\mathbb{T}^d}}$, let $x_n\\in{{\\mathbb{T}^d}}$ be such that $x_n = T(x_{n-1})$ for all $n\\ge 1$. We define a [**Weighted Birkhoff (${\\mbox{WB}}_N$) average**]{} of $f$ as $$\\label{eqn:QN}\n{\\mbox{WB}}_N(f)(x) :=\\sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \\hat{w}_{n,N}f(x_n),\\mbox{ where }\\hat{w}_{n,N}=\\frac{w(n/N)}{\\sum_{j=0}^{N-1}w(j/N)}.$$\n\nNote that ${\\mbox{WB}}_N(f)$ is indeed an average of the values $f(x_n)$ since $\\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}\\hat{w}_{n,N}=1$.\n\n[**Main convergence result.**]{} ", "The main convergence result we are using is Theorem \\[thm:A\\]. ", "It is proved in [@Das-Yorke] and an outline of the proof is given here in Section \\[sect:nearly-rational\\]. ", "We now state a special case of the theorem that avoids unnecessary terminology and states only the $C^\\infty$ case.", "\n\n[*Assume $f$ and $T$ are $C^\\infty$ and $w$ is a $C^\\infty$ weighting function, then for almost every rotation number $\\rho$ and for every positive integer $m$ there is a constant $C_m >0$ such that* ]{} $$\\left| {\\mbox{WB}}_N(f)(\\theta) - \n\\int f(\\theta) d\\theta \\right| \\le C_m N^{-m}. ", "\n$$\n\nWe refer to the above as [**super-fast**]{} (super polynomial) [**convergence**]{} or [**exponential convergence**]{}. ", "The above constant $C_m$ depends on (i) $w(t)$ and its first $m$ derivatives; (ii) the function $f(t)$ ; and (iii) the rotation number(s) of the quasiperiodic trajectory or more precisely, the small divisors arising out of the rotation vector. ", "Our method of averaging does not give improved convergence results for chaotic systems.", "\n\nIn [@Laskar99; @Laskar93a; @Laskar93b; @Laskar03], Laskar employs a Hanning data weighting function and the analogue of our $\\sin^2$ weighting function for his computations, which lead to the convergence of order $1/N^2$ or $1/N^4$, and $1/N^3$ respectively, (p. 136 in [@Laskar99]) where $N$ is the length of a orbit. ", "Specifically, the weighting function $\\cos^2(\\pi x)$ for $x\\in (-1,1)$ and averages over iterates from $-N$ to $N$. He mentions the $C^{\\infty}$ filter we use in Remark 2 of the appendix of [@Laskar99], p. 146, though he does not use it. ", "There seems to be no advantage to using his lower order methods than $C^{\\infty}$ filter. ", "In particular the programming of both is quite simple. ", "We will compare the two methods in Figs. ", "\\[fig:mid\\_circle2\\], \\[fig:2DMap\\_overview\\](b), \\[fig:circle\\_rotation\\](b), and \\[fig:2DMap\\_lyap\\].", "\n\nOther authors have considered related numerical methods (see Section \\[Relatedmethods\\]), in particular [@seara:villanueva:06; @luque:Rot; @luque:villanueva:14], which we will compare to our approach when we introduce our averaging method in Section \\[sec:methods\\]. ", "See also [@Simo1; @Simo2; @Durand:2002ug; @Baesens:1990vj; @Broer:1993uv; @Vitolo:2011it; @Hanssmann:2012jy; @Sevryuk:2012dv; @Broer:1990ip; @Kuznetsov:2015dl]. ", "We announced some of the results presented here in [@DDSSSWY].", "\n\n[**The Babylonian problem of quasiperiodic rotation numbers.**]{} ", "What constitutes a “big-data” problem depends on the speed of computation available. ", "With this understanding, the first big-data problem was 2500+ years ago when the Babylonians computed the three periods of the moon from data on the position of the moon collected almost daily for many years. ", "The moon’s position through the fixed stars can be viewed as a quasiperiodic trajectory with $d=3$ and their problem was to compute the rotation numbers from such a trajectory, which they did with high accuracy. ", "See [@DSSYQR].", "\n\n[**Applications.**]{} ", "We demonstrate our Weighted Birkhoff averaging method and its convergence rate by computing rotation numbers, conjugacies (i.e. changes of variables), and their Fourier series in dimensions one and two. ", "We will refer to a one-dimensional quasiperiodic curve as a *curve*.", "\n\nWe start by describing our results for a key example of quasiperiodicity: the (circular, planar) restricted three-body problem ([**R3BP**]{}). ", "This is an idealized model of the motion of a planet, a large moon, and an asteroid governed by Newtonian mechanics, in a model studied by Poincar[é]{} [@ThreeBody2; @ThreeBody1]. ", "In particular, we consider a planar three-body problem consisting of two massive bodies (“planet\" and “moon\") moving in circles about their center of mass and a third body (“asteroid\") whose mass is infinitesimal, having no effect on the dynamics of the other two.", "\n\nWe assume that the moon has mass $\\mu$ and the planet mass is $1-\\mu$ where $\\mu = 0.1$, and writing equations in rotating coordinates around the center of mass. ", "Thus the planet remains fixed at $(q_1,p_1) = (-0.1,0)$, and the moon is fixed at $(q_2,p_2)=(0.9,0)$. In these coordinates, the satellite’s location and velocity are given by the [*generalized position vector*]{} $(q_1,q_2)$ and [*generalized velocity vector*]{} $(p_1,p_2)$. The equations of motion are as follows. ", "$${\\displaystyle\n\\begin{array}{rcl}\\label{eqn:ThreeBody}\n\\cfrac{dq_1}{dt} &=& p_1+q_2, \\\\\n\\cfrac{dq_2}{dt} &=& p_2-q_1, \\\\\n\\cfrac{dp_1}{dt} &=& p_2- \\mu\\cfrac{q_1-1+\\mu} {d_{moon}^{\\ 3}} -(1-\\mu)\\cfrac{q_1+ \\mu}{ d_{planet}^{\\ 3}},\\\\\n\\cfrac{dp_2}{dt} &=& -p_1\n-\\mu\\cfrac{ q_2} {d_{moon}^{\\ 3}}\n-(1-\\mu)\\cfrac{q_2}{ d_{planet}^{\\ 3}},\n\\end{array}\n}$$\n\nwhere $$d_{moon}^{\\ 2} = (q_1-1+\\mu)^2+q_2^2$$ $$d_{planet}^{\\ 2} = (q_1+\\mu)^2+q_2^2.$$\n\nThe following function $H$ is a Hamiltonian for this system $$\\label{eqn:Hamiltonian}\nH=\\frac{p_1^2+p_2^2}{2}\n+\\left(p_1q_2-p_2q_1\\right)\n+\\left(-\\frac{1-\\mu}{d_{planet}} - \\frac{\\mu}{d_{moon}}\\right), \n$$ where $p_1=\\dot{q_1}-q_2$ and $p_2=\\dot{q_2}+q_1$ (see [@ThreeBody3] p.59 Eqs. ", "63-66).", "\n\nThe three terms in Eq. ", "\\[eqn:Hamiltonian\\] are resp. ", "the kinetic energy, angular moment, and the potential. ", "For fixed $H$, Poincar[é]{} reduced this problem to the study of the Poincar[é]{} return map for a fixed value of $H$, only considering a discrete trajectory of the values of $(q_1,p_1)$ on the section $q_2=0$ and $dq_2/dt>0$. Thus we consider a map in two dimensions rather than a flow in four dimensions. ", "Fig. ", "\\[fig:3B3\\] shows one possible motion of the asteroid for the full flow. ", "The orbit is spiraling on a torus. ", "The black curve shows the corresponding trajectory on the Poincar[é]{} return map. ", "Fig. ", "\\[fig:3B1\\] shows the Poincar[é]{} return map for the asteroid for a variety of starting points. ", "A variety of orbits are shown, most of which are quasiperiodic invariant curves. ", "An exception is trajectory A in Fig. ", "\\[fig:3B\\_global\\](a), which is an invariant recurrent set consisting of $42$ curves. ", "Each curve is an invariant quasiperiodic curve under the 42$^{nd}$ iterate of the map.", "\n\nOur paper proceeds as follows: In Section \\[sec:Quasi\\], we give the formal definition of quasiperiodicity, rotation number, and the conjugacy map to the rigid rotation. ", "In Section \\[sec:methods\\], we describe our numerical technique in detail. ", "We illustrate our Weighted Birkhoff averaging method for a series of four examples, including an example of a two-dimensionally quasiperiodic map. ", "In all cases, we get fast convergence and are in most cases able to give results with about 30-digit accuracy. ", "Section \\[sect:nearly-rational\\] describes what happens when a rotation number is unusually well approximated by a fraction with small denominator. ", "In such cases we elliptically say the rotation number is “nearly rational”. ", "Finally, Section \\[sec:conclude\\] contains our concluding remarks.", "\n\nQuasiperiodicity {#sec:Quasi}\n================\n\nIn the introduction, we described quasiperiodic motion as motion that could be fully understood through a set of angles of rotation. ", "We now formalize that idea in the following definition.", "\n\n**Quasiperiodicity.** ", "For a dimension $d \\ge 1$, let $\\rho = (\\rho_1,\\rho_2,\\dots, \\rho_d)$ be a vector whose coordinates are irrational and are independent over the integers (see Eq. ", "\\[quasi\\]). ", "The following map $T_{\\rho}: {{\\mathbb{T}^d}}\\to {{\\mathbb{T}^d}}$ is called a [**rigid rotation**]{}: $$\\label{eqn:Rigid_rotation}\nT_{\\rho}(\\theta) = \\theta + \\rho \\bmod 1, \\mbox{ where ``mod'' is applied to each coordinate.}$$ A rigid rotation is the simplest, albeit least interesting example of a map with quasiperiodicity. ", "Since $T_{\\rho}$ gives the same values on opposite sides of the unit cube, we identify the sides and refer to the domain of the rigid rotation as a [**curve**]{} in one dimension and a [**$d$-torus**]{} in dimension $d>1$. In this paper, we will sometimes refer to the curve as a 1-torus. ", "We define a map $T$ on an ambient space ${{\\mathbb{R}}}^D$ to be [**quasiperiodic**]{} if either $T$ or some iterate $T^k$ is topologically conjugate to a rigid rotation. ", "We will assume $k=1$ in the rest of this description. ", "That is, a map $T$ is quasiperiodic if there is a rigid rotation map $T_{\\rho}$ and an invertible [**conjugacy map**]{} (i.e., change of coordinates) $h: {{\\mathbb{T}^d}}\\to {{\\mathbb{R}}}^D$ such that $$T(h(\\theta)) = h(T_{\\rho}(\\theta)). ", "\\label{eqn:conj}$$ A flow has quasiperiodic behavior if its associated Poincar[é]{} return map has quasiperiodic behavior.", "\n\nFor an invertible map $T$ to be quasiperiodic on a curve $C$, it is necessary and sufficient that $T$ has a dense trajectory, as shown in [@TransCircleHomeo]. ", "In general, a one-time differentiable invertible map on a curve without periodic points may not be quasiperiodic. ", "However, if we assume that the map $T$ and the curve $C$ are twice continuously differentiable, then Denjoy [@VanKampen] showed that these conditions are both necessary and sufficient. ", "Furthermore, clearly any rigid irrational rotation map is a real analytic map, but even if we assume that a quasiperiodic function is analytic, Arnold showed that the conjugacy map $h$ may only be continuous for some atypical rotation number. ", "However, Herman (see [@HermanSeminal]) proved that for homeomorphisms on a circle, most conjugacy maps $h$ are analytic. ", "Yamaguchi and Tanikawa [@StdMap1] and Hunt, Khanin, Sinai and Yorke [@HKSY] show that the critical KAM curve may not be $C^2$.\n\n[**Diophantine rotations.**]{} ", "An irrational vector $ \\rho \\in\\mathbb{R}^d$ is said to be [**Diophantine**]{} if for some $\\beta>0$ it is [**Diophantine of class**]{} $\\beta$ (see [@HermanSeminal], Definition 3.1), which means there exists $C_\\beta>0$ such that for every $ k \\in\\mathbb{Z}^d$, $ k \\neq 0$ and every $n\\in\\mathbb{Z}$, $$\\label{eqn:Dioph}\n| k \\cdot \\rho -n|\\geq\\frac{C_\\beta}{\\|k\\|^{d+\\beta}.}$$ We conjecture that [**if the map is analytic, then almost every quasiperiodic torus having a rotation number that is Diophantine (i.e., far from rational) is real analytic.**]{}", "\n\n**Assigning angular coordinates.** ", "Let $(x_n)$ be the forward orbit under $T$, and $( \\theta_n )$ the forward orbit under $T_{\\rho}$. That is, $x_{n+1} = T(x_n)$ and $\\theta_{n+1} = \\theta_n + \\rho \\pmod 1$.\n\nIn all of the $d=1$ examples discussed here, the quasiperiodic curves are simple, closed, convex curves, and hence, angular coordinates can be obtained using polar coordinates $(\\phi,r)$ with respect to a fixed and pre-defined center, where $r$ is uniquely determined by $\\phi$. More generally we may have an image of a quasiperiodic curve or torus that is not an embedding as a closed, convex curve. ", "Such is not needed, since we have a method based on the Takens delay coordinate maps that solves the problem. ", "This general method of obtaining rotation numbers from the image of a quasiperiodic curve is announced in [@DDSSSWY] with a complete description in [@DSSYQR].", "\n\nBecause of our nice embeddings the orbits $(\\theta_n=n\\rho)$, $(x_n)$ and $(\\phi_n)$ are all conjugate and there is a continuous map $V:S^1\\to S^1$ such that $$\\label{eqn:conjugacy1D}\nx_n = h(\\theta_n),\\quad \\phi_n = V(\\theta_n),\\quad \\theta_n=n\\rho\\bmod 1~\\mbox{ for all } n=0,1,2,3,\\ldots$$ Since $V$ is invertible, the following map is periodic. ", "$$\\label{eqn:g_conjugacy}\ng(\\theta) := V(\\theta)-\\theta$$ For example, in Figure \\[fig:results\\_3B\\](a), the angular coordinate $\\phi$ for the quasiperiodic curve $B_1$ of the restricted three-body problem is measured from a point $(q_1,p_1) =(-0.2,0)$.\n\nWeighted Birkhoff averaging ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$ and its applications {#sec:methods}\n================================================================\n\nAs mentioned in Section \\[sect:intro\\], our approach is to modify the regular Birkhoff average in Eq. ", "\\[eq:B\\_N\\] using the weighting function $w$ in Eq. ", "\\[eqn:weight\\] (cf. ", "Fig. ", "\\[fig:weight\\_exp\\]) so that for quasiperiodic dynamical systems, the Weighted Birkhoff average in Eq. ", "\\[eqn:QN\\] convergences much faster to the same limit $\\int f(\\theta)d\\theta$. We will formalize this claim using the main result from the companion paper [@Das-Yorke].", "\n\nA function $w:\\mathbb{R}\\to [0,\\infty)$ is said to be a $C^\\infty$ **bump function** if $w$ is $C^\\infty$ and the support of $w$ is $[0,1]$ and $\\int_\\mathbb{R}w(x)dx \\ne 0$ and $w$ and all of its derivatives vanish at $0$ and $1$.\n\n\\[thm:A\\] For $r \\in[1,\\infty]$, let $X$ be a $C^r$ manifold and $T:X \\to X$ be a $C^r$ map which is $d$-dimensionally quasiperiodic on an invariant set $X_0\\subseteq X$, with invariant probability measure $\\mu$ and a rotation vector of Diophantine class $\\beta (>0)$. Let $f:X \\to \\mathbb{R}^k$ be a $C^{r}$ map. ", "Let $m>1$ be an integer such that $r\\geq d+m(d+\\beta)$, and let $w:{{\\mathbb{R}}}\\to {{\\mathbb{R}}}$ be a $C^{m}$ bump function. ", "Then there is a constant $C_m$ depending upon $w,f,m,M,$ and $\\beta$ but independent of $x_0\\in X_0$ such that $$\\label{eqn:Mm2}\n\\left|({\\mbox{WB}}_Nf)(x_0)- \\int_{X_0}\\!f~d\\mu\\right| \\le C_m N^{-m} ,$$ In particular, if $r=\\infty$ and $w$ is a $C^\\infty$ bump function, then Eq. ", "\\[eqn:Mm2\\] holds for every $m\\in\\mathbb{N}$.\n\nTheorem \\[thm:A\\] is proved in Section \\[sect:nearly-rational\\] in a way that lets us determine what happens when an irrational rotation number is near a rational number.", "\n\n[**Diophantine rotation numbers.**]{} ", "The assumption on the rotation numbers being Diophantine means that the rotation numbers cannot be closely approximated by rational numbers with small denominators. ", "For numbers which are not Diophantine, the trajectories have ergodic properties “close” to periodic orbits and therefore, do not converge slower than the rate $N^{-k}$ for some $k$.\n\n[**Robustness of assumptions.**]{} ", "It is well known that for every $\\beta>0$ the set of Diophantine vectors of class $\\beta$ have full Lebesgue measure in $\\mathbb{R}^d$ (see for example, [@HermanSeminal], 4.1). ", "Thus, the assumption of the rotation number being Diophantine is robust in a measure theoretic sense, i.e., in physical experiments, the rotation number will be Diophantine with probability 1.", "\n\nComputing a rotation number or rotation vector {#sec:Method_Rot}\n----------------------------------------------\n\nWe now show how to apply this averaging method in computation. ", "We observe that $N$ must generally be larger for $\\mathbb{T}^2$ than for $\\mathbb{T}^1$ to get a 30-digit accuracy.", "\n\nAccording to the definition of “quasiperiodicity”, a quasiperiodic map is conjugate to a rigid rotation of the form Eq. ", "\\[eqn:Rigid\\_rotation\\] with rotation vector $\\rho$. However, this vector $\\rho$ is not unique. ", "When the dimension $d=1$, there are two choices of $\\rho$ depending on whether you move clockwise or counterclockwise around the circle, and for $d>1$, it is shown in [@DSSYQR] that there is a set of choices for $\\rho$ which are related to each other by unimodular transformations of $\\mathbb{R}^d$ and are dense in ${{\\mathbb{T}^d}}$. Our goal will be to find any one of these equivalent rotation vectors. ", "The rotation vector of a quasiperiodic trajectory $(y_n)_{n=0}^{N-1}$ can be viewed as the average rotation traversed by the sequence of $d$-vectors $(T(\\theta_n) - \\theta_n) $, which by Eq. ", "\\[eqn:conjugacy1D\\] is equivalent to the average of the angular increments $(\\phi_{n+1}-\\phi_n)$. To make the notion of the angular distance between $\\phi_{n}$ and $\\phi_{n+1}$ consistent, we must make this choice continuously. ", "By conjugating with $(hV^{-1})$ from Eq. ", "\\[eqn:conjugacy1D\\] if necessary, we may assume that the map $T$ is in angular coordinates on ${{\\mathbb{T}^d}}$.\n\nWe then associate with $T$ a continuous map $\\tilde{T}$ on the full Euclidean space $\\mathbb{R}^d$ such that $$\\label{eqn:q_as_cover}\n \\tilde{T}(z) \\pmod 1 = T(z \\pmod 1).$$The map $ \\tilde{T}$ is called a [**lift**]{} of $T$, and $z\\in \\mathbb R^d$ is a lift of $\\phi\\in{{\\mathbb{T}^d}}$.\n\nSince $T$ is invertible, the map $\\tilde{T}(z)-z$ has period one in every coordinate direction. ", "For example, the rigid rotation $T(\\phi) = \\phi + \\rho \\pmod 1,$ for $\\theta$ in ${{\\mathbb{T}^d}}$ has a corresponding lift map $ \\tilde{T}(z) = z + \\rho$. Of course if $\\rho$ was $\\sqrt2$, we would have the same map $T$ as for $\\rho = \\sqrt 2 - 1$ so we define $\\tilde T$ using rotation numbers are in $(0,1)$. Using the lift, we now give a formula for the rotation vector for the trajectory $(y_n)$ starting at $y_0$: $$\\label{eqn:rot_num_defn}\n\\rho(T):=\\lim_{N\\rightarrow\\infty} \\frac{1}{N} \\sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \\left( \\tilde{T}(z_n)-z_n \\right) .$$\n\nThis average converges slowly as $N\\to\\infty$, with order of at most $1/N$. However, since Eq. ", "\\[eqn:rot\\_num\\_defn\\] can be written as a Birkhoff average by writing $f(z_n)=\\tilde{T}(z_n)-z_{n}$, we can apply our method to this function. ", "That is, let $(z_n)_{n=0}^{N-1}$ be an orbit for $ \\tilde{T}$. Our approximation of $\\rho$ is given by the Weighted Birkhoff average of $f$, $$\\label{eqn:weighted_rho}\n{\\mbox{WB}}_N (z_{n+1}-z_n) := \\sum\\limits_{n=0}^{N-1} \\hat{w}_{n,N} (z_{n+1}-z_n)\\rightarrow \\rho \\mbox{ as } N \\to\\infty.$$\n\nConvergence rate of the Weighted Birkhoff average ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$ \n------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn order to illustrate the speed of convergence of our Weighted Birkhoff average ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$ as $N\\rightarrow\\infty$, we introduce four different possible choices for the weighting function $w$, depicted in Fig.", " \\[fig:mid\\_circle\\], and compare the convergence results for computing the rotation number for each of these choices of $w$.\n\n![**", "Variations of different weighting functions**. ", "This is a plot of three non-constant weighting functions from Eq. ", "\\[eqn:weights\\] and below $w_{quad}$ (top), $w_{\\sin^2}$ (second), $w_{\\exp}$ (lowest). ", "Since only the shape matters, they have been rescaled so that each has a peak of approximately $1.0$. []{data-label=\"fig:mid_circle\"}](\\Path weighting.jpeg){height=\".4\\textwidth\"}\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\nw_{equal}(t) & := & 1\\mbox{ (Birkhoff's choice)} \\label{eqn:weights} \\\\\nw_{quad}(t) & := & t (1-t)\\nonumber \\\\\nw_{\\sin^2}(t) & := & \\sin^2(\\pi t) \\nonumber \\\\\nw^{[1]}(t) := w_{\\exp}(t) & := \n& \\exp\\left(\\frac{-1}{t(1-t)} \\right). ", "\\nonumber \\end{aligned}$$\n\nThe weighting functions described above are defined to be $0$ outside $(0,1)$ and equal to the specified function inside $(0,1)$. Recall that the last function in the list, $w_{\\exp}$, is the function used in our calculations. ", "It is the only one in the list that is $C^\\infty$. The others fail to be $C^\\infty$ at $t=0$ and $t=1$. A family of $C^\\infty$ weighting functions can be defined for $p\\ge 1$ as $$\\label{eqn:wp}\nw^{[p]}(t) := \\exp\\left(\\frac\n{-1}{t^p(1-t)^{p}}\\right)\n\\mbox{ for } t\\in(0,1)$$ and $=0$ elsewhere. ", "This paper mainly uses $w= w^{[1]}$. The function $w^{[2]}$ results in an averaging method which converges noticeably faster than $w^{[1]}$ when using 30-digit precision, but not in 15-digit precision. ", "We will write the Weighted Birkhoff averages as $ {\\mbox{WB}}_N^{[1]}$ (or just ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$) and ${\\mbox{WB}}_N^{[2]}$ when using $w^{[1]}$ and $w^{[2]}$ respectively. ", "See Fig. ", "\\[fig:circle\\_rotation\\] where the two are compared.", "\n\nWhen we compute with the first choice of $w$, we recover the truncated sum in the definition of the Birkhoff average. ", "To estimate the error, we expect the difference $f(x_{N+1})-f(x_{N})$ to be of order one, implying that for $w_{equal}$, the error in the average is generally proportional to $N^{-1}$ in our figures. ", "The choice of a particular starting point also creates a similar uncertainty of order $1/N$. Every function $w$ is always positive between $0$ and $1$. For all but the first choice, the function vanishes as $t$ approaches $0$ and $1$. In addition, going down the list, increasing number of derivatives of $w$ vanish for $t \\to 0$ and $t\\to 1$, with all derivatives of $w_{\\exp}$ vanishing at $0$ and $1$. We thus expect the effect of the starting and endpoints to decay at the same rate as this number of vanishing derivatives. ", "Indeed, we find that $w_{quad}$ corresponds approximately to order $1/N^2$ convergence, $w_{\\sin^2}$ to $1/N^3$ convergence, and $w_{\\exp}$ to convergence faster than any polynomial in $1/N$, i.e., for every integer $m$, there is a constant $C>0$ such that for $N$ sufficiently large, $|{\\mbox{WB}}_Nf-\\int fd\\mu|\\leq CN^{-m}$. Figs.", " \\[fig:2DMap\\_overview\\](b) and  \\[fig:mid\\_circle2\\] show this effect. ", "We have not tried other $C^\\infty$ weighting functions.", "\n\nEstimating error when the true rotation number is known\n-------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn order to test the error in the calculation of rotation number, we present two examples below where we know the exact rotation number. ", "This allows us to determine the actual error in the calculation for the ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$ method as $N$ increases. ", "In both cases the error decreases to less than $10^{-31}$ and then it grows as $N$ increases, apparently due to accumulated round-off error.", "\n\n[**Example 1.**]{} ", "Let $(\\theta_n)$ be an orbit under the rigid rotation described in Eq. ", "\\[eqn:Rigid\\_rotation\\] for a rotation by $\\rho = \\sqrt 2 -1$. Assume that what we observe is $\\phi$, a perturbed version of $\\theta$, namely, $$\\label{eqn:nonlinear_rotation}\n\\phi_{n}=\\theta_n+\\alpha\\cos(2\\pi\\theta_n)+\\beta\\sin(2\\pi\\theta_n),\\mbox{ where }\\theta_n= n\\rho\\pmod 1.$$ We use the Weighted Birkhoff average as in Eq. (", "\\[eqn:weighted\\_rho\\]) (changing $y$ to $\\phi$) to obtain an estimate of the rotation number $\\rho$ from this orbit. ", "Fig. ", "\\[fig:intrinsic\\_error\\] shows the results for $\\alpha=0.1$ and $\\beta= 0.2$ in (a) and for the case $\\alpha=0.0$ and $\\beta= 0.0$ in (b).", "\n\n[**Example 2.**]{} ", "Fig. ", "\\[fig:circle\\_rotation\\] shows a geometric version of the problem from the previous example, and again the error in the rotation number is small.", "\n\nFourier coefficients and change of coordinates reconstruction {#sec:Fourier}\n-------------------------------------------------------------\n\nFor a quasiperiodic curve as shown in Fig. ", "\\[fig:results\\_3B\\](a), there are two approaches to representing the curve. ", "Firstly, we can write the coordinates $(X,Y)$ as a function of $\\theta\\in S^1$, or secondly, we can reduce the dimension and represent the points on the curve by an angle $\\phi\\in S^1$, that is, $\\phi(X(\\theta),Y(\\theta))$, which is also $V(\\theta)=\\theta+g(\\theta)$. We have shown $g$ in Fig. ", "\\[fig:results\\_3B\\](b) and the exponential decay of the norm of the Fourier coefficients in Fig. ", "\\[fig:results\\_3B\\](d). ", "We report the Fourier series for the periodic part $g(\\theta)$.\n\nGiven a continuous periodic map $f:S^1\\rightarrow\\mathbb{R}$, the Fourier series representation of $f$ is the following: $$\\label{eqn:sine_cosine_expansion}\n\\mbox{For every }\\theta\\in S^1,\\ f(\\theta)= \\sum_{k=-\\infty}^\\infty a_k e^{i2\\pi k\\theta},$$ where the complex coefficient $a_k$ is given by the formula $$\\label{eqn:a_n}\na_k = \\int_{\\theta\\in S^1} f(\\theta) e^{-i2\\pi k\\theta} d\\theta.$$\n\nIf we only have access to an ergodic orbit $(x_n)$ on a curve, then we cannot use the fast Fourier transform as we only have the function values $f(x_n)$ along a quasiperiodic trajectory, and a rotation number $\\rho$. Using interpolation to get the grid needed to apply a fast Fourier transform introduces significant interpolation errors. ", "So instead, we obtain these coefficients using a Weighted Birkhoff average on a trajectory $(x_n)$ by applying the functional ${\\mbox{WB}}_{N}$. For $k=0$, we find $a_0$ by applying ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$ to the function $1$. Note that for all $k$, $a_{-k}=\\bar{a_{k}}$. For $k>0$, we find $a_k$ as follows: $$\\label{eqn:a_n_from_Q}\na_k = {\\mbox{WB}}_{N} (f(\\theta) e^{-i2\\pi k\\theta}) = \\sum_{n=0}^{N-1} f(x_n) e^{-i2\\pi kn\\rho} \\hat{w}_{n,N}.$$ This is depicted for the R3BP in Fig.", " \\[fig:results\\_3B\\], for the standard map in Fig.", " \\[fig:StdMap\\], for the forced van der Pol equation in Fig.", " \\[fig:vdP\\_global\\]. ", "In all three one-dimensional cases, we depict $|a_k|$ as a function of $k$ for $k\\geq 0$ only, as for all $k$, $|a_{-k}|=|a_k|$. Our main observation is that the Fourier coefficients decay exponentially; that is, for some positive numbers $\\alpha$ and $\\beta$, in dimension one, the Fourier coefficients satisfy $$\\label{eqn:Fourier_decay}\n|a_k| \\le \\alpha e^{- \\beta |k|} \\mbox{ for all }k\\in\\mathbb{Z}.$$ This is characteristic of analytic functions. ", "Therefore, the conjugacy functions of all our examples are effectively, analytic, “effectively” meaning within the precision of our quadruple precision numerics. ", "In two dimensions, the computation of Fourier coefficients is similar, but instead of only having one exponential functions, for each $(j,k)$, we have two linearly independent sets of exponentials. ", "$$e^{i (j x + k y)} \\mbox{ and } e^{i (j x - k y)}.$$ We define $a_{j,k}$ and $a_{j,-k}$ to be the complex-valued coefficients corresponding to these two functions.", "\n\nExamples\n--------\n\n[**The standard map.**]{} ", "The standard map is an area preserving map on the two-dimensional torus, often studied as a typical example of analytic twist maps (see [@StdMap1]). ", "It is defined as follows $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eqn:StdMap}\nS_1\n\\left(\n\\begin{array}{c}\nx \\\\\ny\n\\end{array}\n\\right)\n=\n\\left(\n\\begin{array}{c}\nx+y \\\\\ny+ \\alpha \\sin (x+y)\n\\end{array}\n\\right)\n\\pmod{2\\pi}.\\end{aligned}$$\n\n![**", "Rate of convergence in the rotation number for different weighting functions**. ", "This shows results for the standard map using the same trajectory for each plot. ", "For a given $w$ and a given number of iterates $N$, the rotation number $\\hat{\\rho}$ approximation is calculated for the curve all using the same trajectory. ", "The plotted error of the calculation is the difference $|\\rho-\\hat{\\rho}|$ as a function of $N$. The exponential weighting function $w_{exp}$ allows ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$ to reach a limit by approximately $N=150,000$ at which point it is about $10^{16}$ times more accurate than the next best curve, the $\\sin^2(\\pi t)$ weighting. ", "After that the error fluctuates by approximately $10^{-30}$. The black line indicates the average slope of the bottom-most curve for large $N$ and hence the approximate rate of convergence for the $C^\\infty$ Weighted Birkhoff average. ", "The $\\sin^2(\\pi t)$ weighting curve convergence rate is proportional to $N^{-3.0}.$[]{data-label=\"fig:mid_circle2\"}](\\Path Std_map,rot_num_cnvrgnc.png){height=\".4\\textwidth\"}\n\nIn this paper, we only consider the case $\\alpha=1.0$. Fig.", " \\[fig:StdMap\\_global\\](a) shows the trajectories starting at a variety of different initial conditions plotted in different colors. ", "The shaded set is a large invariant chaotic set with chaotic behavior, but many other invariant sets consist of one or more topological circles, on which the system has quasiperiodic behavior. ", "For example, initial condition $(\\pi,1.65)$ yields chaos while $(\\pi,1.5)$ yields a quasiperiodic trajectory. ", "As is clearly the case here, one-dimensional quasiperiodic sets often occur in families for non-linear processes, structured like the rings of an onion. ", "There are typically narrow bands of chaos between quasiperiodic onion rings. ", "Usually these rings are differentiable images of the $d$-torus. ", "We have computed the rotation number to be $0.12055272197375513300298164369839$ for one such standard map orbit shown in the Fig.", " \\[fig:StdMap\\_global\\](b) using quadruple precision. ", "Fig. ", "\\[fig:mid\\_circle2\\] shows a convergence rate of $O(N^{-8.75})$ in computing the rotation number using ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$. Fig.", " \\[fig:StdMap\\](a) shows the periodic parts $g$ of conjugacies of the quasiperiodic orbit, and Fig.", " \\[fig:StdMap\\](b) shows the absolute values of Fourier coefficients representing an exponential decay.", "\n\n[**The forced Van der Pol oscillator.**]{} ", "Fig.", " \\[fig:vdP\\_global\\](a) shows attracting orbits for the time-$2\\pi/0.83$ map of the following periodically forced Van der Pol oscillator with nonlinear damping [@vdPol_forced] $$\\label{vdPol_forced}\n\\frac{d^2 x}{dt^2}-0.2 \\left( 1-x^2 \\right) \\frac{dx}{dt}+20 x^3=F\\sin \\left(0.83 t \\right),$$ for several values of $F$. While the innermost orbit shown is chaotic, the outer orbits are topological circles with quasiperiodic behavior[^1]. ", "Each curve was assigned the angular coordinates of Eq. ", "\\[eqn:rot\\_num\\_defn\\] by assigning the points on the curve the angle with respect to the origin $(0,0)$. Fig.", " \\[fig:vdP\\_global\\](b) shows the periodic parts $g$ of conjugacies of quasiperiodic orbits, and Fig.", " \\[fig:vdP\\_global\\](c) shows the absolute values of Fourier coefficients representing exponential decays.", "\n\n[**A two-dimensional torus map.**]{} ", "So far, the quasiperiodic sets studied here are closed curves. ", "We now describe an example [@Grebogi:83; @Grebogi:85; @Kim] of a two-dimensional quasiperiodic torus map on $\\mathbb{T}^2$. This is a two-dimensional version of Arnold’s family of one-dimensional maps (see [@Arnold]). ", "The map is given by $(T_1,T_2)$ where $$\\begin{aligned}\nT_1(x,y) = \\left[ x+ \\omega_1 + \\frac{\\epsilon}{2 \\pi} P_1(x,y) \\right] \\pmod 1, \\label{eqn:2D_map} \\\\\nT_2(x,y) = \\left[ y+ \\omega_2 + \\frac{\\epsilon}{2 \\pi} P_2(x,y) \\right] \\pmod 1,\\nonumber\\end{aligned}$$ and $P_i(x,y), i=1,2$ are periodic functions with period one in both variables, defined by: $$P_i(x,y) = \\sum_{j=1}^4 a_{i,j} \\sin (2 \\pi \\alpha_{i,j}), \\mbox{ with } \\alpha_{i,j}= r_j x + s_j y +b_{i,j}.$$ The values of all coefficients are given in Table \\[table\\].", "\n\n Coefficient Value\n --------------------------- -------------------------------------------\n $\\epsilon$ $ 0.4234823$\n \\[1pt\\] $\\omega_1$ $ 0.71151134457776362264681206697006238 $\n \\[2pt\\] $\\omega_2$ $ 0.87735009811261456100917086672849971 $\n \\[1pt\\] $a_{1,j}$ $(-0.268,-0.9106,0.3,-0.04)$\n \\[1pt\\] $a_{2,j}$ $(0.08,-0.56,0.947,-0.4003)$\n \\[1pt\\] $b_{1,j}$ $(0.985,0.504,0.947,0.2334)$\n \\[1pt\\] $b_{2,j}$ $(0.99,0.33,0.29,0.155)$\n \\[1pt\\] $r_j$ $(1,0,1,0)$\n \\[1pt\\] $s_j$ $(0,1,1,-1)$\n \\[1pt\\] Computed $\\rho_1$ $0.718053759982066107095244936117$\n \\[1pt\\] Computed $\\rho_2$ $0.885304666596099792113366824157$\n \\[1pt\\] \n\n : \\[table\\] [**Coefficients for the torus map.**]{} ", "All values are used in quadruple precision, but in this table the repeated zeros on the end of the number are suppressed.", "\n\nThis choice of this function is based on [@Grebogi:83; @Grebogi:85]. ", "The papers use the same form of equation, though the constants are close to but not precisely the same as the ones used previously. ", "This fits with the point of view advocated by these papers: that the constants should be randomly chosen. ", "Since we are using higher precision, we have chosen constants that are irrational to the level of our precision. ", "The forward orbit is dense on the torus, and the map is a nonlinear map which exhibits two-dimensional quasiperiodic behavior.", "\n\nFig.", " \\[fig:2DMap\\_overview\\](a) depicts iterates of the orbit, indicating that it is dense in the torus. ", "We use our Weighted Birkhoff average to compute the two Lyapunov exponents, which have super convergence to zero. ", "Fig.", " \\[fig:2DMap\\_overview\\](b) shows one of them. ", "In terms of method, this is just a matter of changing the function $f$ used in ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$ in Eq. ", "\\[eqn:QN\\]. ", "Likewise, finding rotation numbers in two dimensions uses the same technique as in the one-dimensional case ([*cf.*]{} ", "Fig.", " \\[fig:2DMap\\_overview\\](c)). ", "In all of our calculations, the computation is significantly longer than in dimension one in order to get the same accuracy, perhaps because in dimension two sufficient coverage by a trajectory may vary like the square of the side length of the domain. ", "Fig. ", "\\[fig:2DMap\\_overview\\](b) shows a convergence rate of $O(N^{-10.0})$.\n\nThe reconstructed conjugacy function for the two-dimensional torus is depicted in Fig.", " \\[2DTorus\\_results\\](a). ", "The decay of Fourier coefficients shown in Fig.", " \\[2DTorus\\_results\\](b) displays $\\sqrt{j^2 +k^2}$ on the horizontal axis, and $|a_{j,k}|$ on the vertical axis, where both of these coefficients are complex, meaning that $|\\cdot|$ represents the modulus. ", "Again here, the coefficients decay exponentially, though the decay of coefficients is considerably slower in two dimensions. ", "The data set looks quite a lot more crowded in this case, since there are $10^4$ coefficients and many different values of $(j,k)$ have almost same values of $\\sqrt{j^2 + k^2}$. In addition, the coefficients $a_{j,k}$ generally converge at different exponential rates. ", "This is why there is a strange looking set consisting of an upper and a lower cloud of data in Fig.", " \\[2DTorus\\_results\\](b). ", "While more information on the difference between these coefficients is gained by interactively viewing the data in three dimensions, we have not been able to find a satisfactory static flat projection of this data. ", "We feel that in a still image, the data cloud shown conveys the maximum information.", "\n\n[**The three-body problem revisited.**]{} ", "We have computed trajectories for the Poincar[é]{} return map using an $8^{th}$ order Runge-Kutta method with time step $2\\times 10^{-5}$, in quadruple precision and Fig.", " \\[fig:results\\_3B\\](c) is consistent with 30-digit accuracy of the rotation number (See item 1 below.) ", "for the quasiperiodic orbit of the three-body problem labeled $B_1$ in Fig.", " \\[fig:3B1\\](b). ", "The initial condition for this orbit is $(q_1,q_2,p_1,p_2) = (-0.15, 0, 0, p_2)$ where $p_2\\approx 5.41$ is chosen so that the Hamiltonian is about $-2.63$. While it is more straightforward to obtain a numerical trajectory when the quasiperiodic trajectory is stable, it is also possible when it is a saddle or a repeller. ", "Our Weighted Birkhoff average ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$ approach works equally well for both cases. ", "The extent of convergence of ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$ is limited by the accuracy of the trajectory data.", "We now list results of our numerical methods for the restricted three-body problem.", "\n\n1. ", " The rotation number is $0.063961728757453097164077724400302$, computed to 30-digit accuracy, and Fig.", " \\[fig:results\\_3B\\](c) shows the accuracy plateauing at about 30-digit accuracy.", "\n\n2. ", " We compute 200 terms of the Fourier series, the last 125 of which have magnitude near 0 (i.e., less than $10^{-30}$). ", "There is a conjugacy map $h$ between the first return map and a rigid rotation on the circle. ", "Evaluating the Fourier series allows us to reconstruct the conjugacy map ([*cf.*]{} ", "Fig.", " \\[fig:results\\_3B\\](b)).", "\n\n3. ", " We find that the coefficients for the conjugacy map decrease exponentially fast (see Fig. ", "\\[fig:results\\_3B\\](d)). ", "That is a signature of a real analytic function as in Fig.", " \\[fig:results\\_3B\\](b).", "\n\n4. ", " The high rate of convergence of $O(N^{-15.0})$ for the rotation number in Fig. ", "\\[fig:results\\_3B\\](c) suggests that we have an effective computational method that yields an accuracy that is close to the limit of numeric precision, provided $N$ is sufficiently large.", "\n\n[**Speed of convergence of Fourier series for a conjugacy.**]{} ", "In a separate report [@Siegel], we examine conjugacies of the quasiperiodic curves in the Siegel disk. ", "The map is a simple one-dimensional complex dynamical system $z_{n+1}=f(z_n)$, where $$f(z)=z^2+e^{2\\pi i \\rho}z$$ and $\\rho=(\\sqrt{5}-1)/2$ [@luque:Rot; @Llave-Petrov2008].", "\n\nIt is found (see Fig. ", "3 in [@Siegel]) that the invariant curves get more irregular near the boundary of the disk. ", "While typical smooth quasiperioidc curves require about 70 Fourier coefficients for 30-digit precision, near the boundary of the Siegel disk the curves are much more irregular and can require 24,000 coefficients (or more) for the same precision. ", "The curves thus become increasingly fractal looking near the boundary and the Fourier series converges much more slowly. ", "We remark that we would expect a similar slower convergence when exploring a case like the well known last KAM circle of the Standard Map.", "\n\n[**Sources of error.**]{} ", "We end this subsection by noting a few sources of error in the computation of Fourier coefficients. ", "If the number of iterates $N$ is too small, then we will not have sufficient coverage to get a good approximation of the coefficients, and the problem becomes more acute as the coefficient number $|k|$ grows. ", "If the approximation of the rotation number is not accurate, then we cannot expect the approximations of our Fourier coefficients to be good either, and given an error in the rotation number, there will be a $k_{\\max}$ such that the Fourier coefficients $a_k$ with $|k|>k_{\\max}$ cannot be approximated with any reasonable accuracy. ", "A more subtle form of a error comes from the fact that if the rotation number we are trying to estimate is close to being commensurate with the rotation number, then we will get unexpectedly insufficient coverage of the space when performing iteration. ", "See Section \\[sec:almost\\_rational\\].", "\n\nLyapunov exponents computed as a Weighted average {#sec:Lyap}\n-------------------------------------------------\n\nLyapunov exponents are an important characterization of the dynamics resulting from the map $T$. They measure the rate at which nearby trajectories diverge or converge and can be used to distinguish between chaos and quasiperiodicity, for example, the existence of a positive Lyapunov exponent implies chaos, while for quasiperiodic systems, all $d$ Lyapunov exponents for Eq. ", "\\[quasi\\] are zero. ", "In this section, we will show a way to obtain “super-convergence” to the Lyapunov exponents of a quasiperiodic dynamics on a 2D torus. ", "Since we are considering the dynamics restricted to the torus, we do not calculate the Lyapunov exponents for the normal sub-bundle.", "\n\nLyapunov exponents are usually calculated numerically as an average of logarithms with all terms weighted equally, and the computations are therefore limited by extremely slow convergence rates. ", "For quasiperiodic systems we would expect the error in the exponents to be $O(1/N)$. For 2-dimensional quasiperiodic systems, the Lyapunov exponent can be expressed as a Weighted Birkhoff average (using ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$) and we observe that we obtain the Lyapunov exponents much faster. ", "Figs.", " \\[fig:2DMap\\_lyap\\](a) and \\[fig:2DMap\\_lyap\\](b) show convergence rates of $O(N^{-20.0})$ and $O(N^{-16.7})$ for the computation of the Lyapunov exponents using ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$. (We make no claim that we can prove convergence in (a) is super fast.) ", "Using the Weighted Birkhoff average does not change the limit.", "\n\nRecall that given a $d$-manifold $M$ and a map $T:M\\to M$ with an invariant probability measure $\\mu$, Oseledets’ multiplicative ergodic theorem (see [@Oseledet_MSR]) states that there exists numbers $\\lambda_1 \\leq\\ldots\\leq \\lambda_d$ such that for $\\mu$-almost every point $x$ and every vector $v$ in the tangent space at $x$, the limit $$\\underset{N\\to\\infty}{\\lim}\\frac{\\ln\\|DT^N(x)v\\|}{N}$$ exists and equals one among $\\lambda_1,\\ldots,\\lambda_d$. These numbers are the **Lyapunov exponents** of the map. ", "For the rest of the section, we will assume that we have a quasiperiodic orbit $(x_n)$ filling out a 2-dimensional torus $\\mathbb{T}^2$ and therefore $d=2$ and $M=\\mathbb{T}^2$.\n\nOne of the properties of the largest Lyapunov exponent $\\lambda_2$ is that for almost every vector $v$ in the tangent space at $x_0$, the quantity $N^{-1}\\ln\\|DT^{N}(x_0)v\\|$ converges to $\\lambda_2$. Note that this limit can be expressed as an average along the trajectory $(x_n)$ in the following manner: $$\\frac{\\ln\\|DT^n(x_0)v\\|}{N}=\\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}\\frac{\\ln\\|v_n\\|}{N}, \\mbox{ where }v_n=DT(x_{n-1})\\frac{v_{n-1}}{\\|v_{n-1}\\|}, v_0=v.$$ We obtain the same limit by taking our Weighted Birkhoff average instead of a uniformly weighted average as above. ", "We observe (without proof) that for quasiperiodic orbits, we get super-convergence to the same limit by taking a Weighted Birkhoff average in the following manner: $$\\lambda_2=\\underset{N\\to\\infty}{\\lim}\\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}\\hat{w}_{n,N}\\ \\ln\\|v_n\\|, \\mbox{ where }v_n=DT(x_{n-1})\\frac{v_{n-1}}{\\|v_{n-1}\\|}, v_0=v.$$ See Chapter 3 from [@ChaosBook] for an explanation of this method.", "\n\nOnce we have calculated $\\lambda_2$, $\\lambda_1$ can be obtained from the the sum $\\lambda_1+\\lambda_2$ of the Lyapunov exponents. ", "$\\lambda_1+\\lambda_2$ can be expressed as the Birkhoff average of the function $f_1(x):=\\ln|\\det DT(x)|$. Note that $\\det DT(x_n) > 0$ for an orientation preserving map $T$. Therefore, we have $$\\lambda_1+\\lambda_2=\\underset{N\\to\\infty}{\\lim}\\frac{\\ln|\\det DT^N(x)|}{N}=\\underset{N\\to\\infty}{\\lim}B_N(f_1).$$ As mentioned before, the quantity $\\mbox{B}_N(f_1)$ converges to the limit $\\int_X\\ln|\\det DT(x)|d\\mu(x)$ and we can obtain super-convergence to the same limit using the quantity ${\\mbox{WB}}_N(f_1)$ as written below: $$\\label{eqlyapsum}\n\\lambda_1+\\lambda_2=\\underset{N\\to\\infty}{\\lim}{\\mbox{WB}}_N(f_1)=\\underset{N\\to\\infty}{\\lim}\\sum\\limits_{n=0}^{N-1}\\hat{w}_{n,N}\\ln|\\det DT(x_n)|.$$\n\nRelated methods {#Relatedmethods}\n---------------\n\nSee [@Laskar99; @Laskar93a; @Laskar93b; @Laskar03; @seara:villanueva:06; @luque:villanueva:14] for references to earlier methods for computing Birkhoff averages along a quasiperiodic orbit.", "\n\nFor higher dimensional quasiperiodicity ($d>1$) Laskar [@Laskar99] has an interesting technique of finding the frequency $\\sigma$ that maximizes a function $\\phi(\\sigma)$. That corresponds to our rotation rate $\\rho$. Each evaluation of $\\phi(\\sigma)$ requires application of the window filter (whereas our method uses only one application of ${\\mbox{WB}}$). ", "But his has the advantage of subtracting off this frequency and repeating this method to find the next frequency. ", "Hence he has an automatic method for finding multiple rotation rates. ", "Presumably our method could be combined with his to improve on both methods – when dealing with higher dimensional quasiperiodicity.", "\n\nA. Luque and J. Villanueva [@seara:villanueva:06; @luque:villanueva:14] develop fast methods for obtaining rotation numbers for smooth or analytic functions on a quasiperiodic torus, sometimes with quasiperiodic forcing with several rotation numbers. ", "The paper [@luque:villanueva:14] develops a technique to compute rotation numbers (but not other function integrals) with error satisfying $|error| \\le C_p N^{-p}$ for $N\\geq 2^p$ where $C_p$ is a constant. ", "Their method of computation is defined recursively, with the $p+1^{st}$ method being defined in terms of the $p^{th}$. As $p$ increases the computational complexity increases for fixed $N$. If $\\tau(p,N_p)$ is their computation time when using $N=N_p$, it appears that $\\tau(p,N_p)/N_p\\rightarrow\\infty$ as $p\\rightarrow\\infty$ (and $N_p \\to \\infty)$. In comparison, computation time for our Weighted Birkhoff average is simply proportional to $N$ since it requires a sum of $N$ numbers. ", "Fig. ", "11 from [@luque:villanueva:14] shows the rate of convergence to the rotation number for a quasiperiodic orbit arising from the R3BP. ", "There, they get 30-digit accuracy for the rotation number using approximately $2,000,000$ trajectory points while we get the same accuracy with $20,000$. The rate of convergence of their method is $\\approx N^{-7.8}$. Their methods were extended in [@luque:RotDeriv] to compute the derivatives of the rotation numbers for 1-parameter families of circle diffeomorphisms, and in [@luque:fourier] to compute the Fourier coefficients of the conjugacy function (i.e. the change of variables between the map and rigid rotation).", "\n\n[**Newton methods in the literature.**]{} ", "An alternative approach to our approach for finding a conjugacy is considered in [@Haro; @Cabre; @Llave05; @Huguet]. ", "In the current paper, we are assuming that we are starting with only a set of iterates for a single finite length forward trajectory, rather than having access to the functional form of the defining equation. ", "In contrast, the approach in the papers above assumes access to the full form of the original defining equations. ", "The Fourier series for the conjugacy is obtained and validated by using automatic differentiation. ", "In addition, in this current paper, we assume that we start with a point in an invariant torus with quasiperiodic dynamics, whereas the methods referenced above include a fast Newton’s method for finding invariant tori, Lyapunov multipliers, and invariant stable and unstable manifolds. ", "See also Jorba [@NumericQuasi5].", "\n\nSeveral variants of the Newton’s method have been employed to determine quasiperiodic trajectories in different settings. ", "In [@NumericQuasi3] a variant of Newton’s method was applied to locate periodic or quasi-periodic relative satellite motion in a non-linear, non-conservative setting.", "\n\nA PDE-based approach was taken in [@NumericQuasi4], where the authors defined an invariance equation which involves partial derivatives. ", "The invariant tori are then computed using finite element methods. ", "See also Section 2 in [@NumericQuasi4] for more references on the numerical computation of invariant tori. ", "In [@luque:KAM], the authors used an application of the Newton’s method to compute elliptical, low dimensional invariant tori in Hamiltonian systems.", "\n\nComputing the conjugacy to the rigid rotation is key to the methods of de la Llave et al [@Haro; @Cabre; @Llave05; @Huguet]. ", "They use this to obtain a numerical “proof” of the existence of tori, and, what they call “a posteriori KAM theory”.", "\n\nWhy our method works and when $N$ must be large {#sect:nearly-rational}\n===============================================\n\nWe will assume that we have a $C^\\infty$ quasiperiodic map $F:{{\\mathbb{T}^d}}\\to {{\\mathbb{T}^d}}$ and a $C^M$ map $f:{{\\mathbb{T}^d}}\\to\\mathbb{C}$. To better understand convergence on an averaging method applied to an $f$, write $$f(\\theta) = \\sum_k a_kf_k(\\theta), \\mbox { where } f_k(\\theta) := e^{2\\pi i k\\cdot\\theta}.$$ In particular $a_0 = \\int_{{{\\mathbb{T}^d}}}f.$ ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$ is of course a weighted average of $(f(n\\rho))_{n=0}^{N-1}$ and by Theorem \\[thm:A\\] ${\\mbox{WB}}_N(f)\\to a_0$ as $N\\to\\infty$. Since an averaging process is linear, we can define $\\psi_{N,k,\\rho} = {\\mbox{WB}}_N(f_k) $, a collection of numbers that is independent of the choice of $f$. (More generally one could define $\\psi^{w}_{N,k,\\rho}$ for any weighting function $w$ and the advantages of different choices of $w$ are reflected in the magnitudes $|\\psi^{w}_{N,k,\\rho}|$). ", "They depend only on the averaging method (e.g., ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$), $k$, $N$, and the rotation number $\\rho$. This set encapsulates all errors that arise in the use of ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$. In particular, $f(\\theta) = \\sum_k a_kf_k(\\theta)$, we have $${\\mbox{WB}}_N(f) = a_0+ \\sum_{k\\ne 0} a_k \\psi_{N,k,\\rho}.$$ In particular $\\psi_{N,0,\\rho} = 1$ and for each $k\\ne 0$, $\\lim_{N\\to\\infty}\\psi_{N,k,\\rho}=0$. The rate of convergence to $0$ depends on $\\rho$ and $k$ and convergence can be slow when $e^{2\\pi i k\\cdot\\rho}-1 \\approx 0$, as we show in the next section.", "\n\nTo investigate the effects of the rotation number $\\rho$ on the numerical errors in calculating a Fourier coefficient, we show $\\psi_{N,k,\\rho}={\\mbox{WB}}_{N}(f_k)$ for each $k~(0\\le k \\le 250)$ for two cases of $\\rho=\\sqrt{2}-1$ and $\\pi-3$ in Fig. ", "\\[fig:error-estimate-psi\\]. ", "The figure suggests that $N=10^5$ is sufficient to calculate Fourier coefficients for $\\rho=\\sqrt{2}-1$, whereas for $\\rho=\\pi-3$ even $N=10^5$ is not sufficient.", "\n\nSketch of proof of Theorem \\[thm:A\\] {#sec:proof}\n------------------------------------\n\nHere we sketch a proof that enables us to determine what happens when a rotation number is near a rational number.", "\n\nNote that for any constant $a_0$, ${\\mbox{WB}}_N(a_0 + f)=a_0+ {\\mbox{WB}}_N(f)$ so for simplicity we will assume $f$ has mean $a_0=0$. Let $I$ denote the identity operator and $U$ denote the Koopman operator on $L^2(X,\\mu)$, defined as $$(Uf):x\\mapsto f(F(x)), \\mbox{ for all }f\\in L^2(X,\\mu).$$\n\nThe idea of the proof is to provide two different estimates of the quantity $$\\label{eqn:Q_N_m}\n{\\mbox{WB}}_N(U-I)^m f = \\frac{1}{N}\\sum_{n} w\\left(\\frac{n}{N}\\right) (U-I)^m f(n\\rho).$$\n\nFirst let $m=1$ in Eq. ", "\\[eqn:Q\\_N\\_m\\]. ", "Then $$\\begin{split}\n\\frac{1}{N}\\sum_{n} w\\left(\\frac{n}{N}\\right) (U-I) f(n\\rho) &= \\frac{1}{N}\\sum_{n} w\\left(\\frac{n}{N}\\right) f((n+1)\\rho) - \\frac{1}{N}\\sum_{n} w\\left(\\frac{n}{N}\\right) f(n\\rho) \\\\\n&= \\frac{1}{N}\\sum_{n} \\left[w\\left(\\frac{n+1}{N}\\right) - w\\left(\\frac{n}{N}\\right)\\right] f(n\\rho) \\\\\n\\end{split}$$ Now taking absolute values on both sides give, $$\\left| \\frac{1}{N}\\sum_{n} w\\left(\\frac{n}{N}\\right) (U-I) f(n\\rho) \\right| \\leq \\frac{1}{N}\\|f\\|_{C^0}\\sum_{n} \\left| \\frac{1}{N}w^{(1)}\\left(\\frac{n}{N}\\right) \\right| \\leq \\frac{1}{N}\\|f\\|_{C^0} \\|w^{(1)}\\|_{C^0}.$$ Applying this procedure $m$ times gives a constant $c_m>0$ such that, $$\\label{eqn:QN_U}\n\\left| {\\mbox{WB}}_N(U-I)^m f \\right| \\leq c_m N^{-m}\\|f\\|_{C^0},$$ where $c_m$ depends only on the first $m$ derivatives of $w$.\n\nThe second way to evaluate Eq. ", "\\[eqn:Q\\_N\\_m\\] is by using the Fourier series for $f$. Note that $f$ being $C^M$ implies that there is a constant $C_{f,m}>0$ such that $|a_k|\\leq C_{f,m} \\|k\\|^{-M}$. If $k\\neq 0$, then $${\\mbox{WB}}_N(U-I)^m f_k = (e^{2\\pi i k\\cdot\\rho}-1)^m {\\mbox{WB}}_N f_k.$$ Hence, by Eq. ", "\\[eqn:QN\\_U\\], $$\\label{ineq:psi}\n |\\psi_{N,k}|=\\left|{\\mbox{WB}}_N f_k \\right| \\leq c_m \\left(\\frac{1}{N \\left| e^{2\\pi i k\\cdot\\rho}-1 \\right|} \\right)^m.$$ This implies $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eqn:dio}\n\\left|{\\mbox{WB}}_N (f) \\right| &= \\left| \\sum_{k\\neq 0} a_k {\\mbox{WB}}_N(f_k) \\right| \n\\leq\n\\sum_{k\\neq 0} |a_k| \\left| {\\mbox{WB}}_N(f_k) \\right| \\notag\n\\\\\n& \\leq c_m \\left(\\frac{1}{N}\\right)^{m} \\sum_{k\\neq 0} |a_k|\n\\left| \\frac{1}{e^{2\\pi i k\\cdot\\rho}-1 }\\right|^m. ", "\\end{aligned}$$ The claim of the Theorem now follows from Eq. ", "\\[eqn:Dioph\\] and the decay rate of $|a_k|$.\n\nDifficulties when $\\rho$ is approximately rational. {#", "sec:almost_rational}\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nWhile Theorem \\[thm:A\\] requires $\\rho$ to be Diophantine to get fast convergence of ${\\mbox{WB}}_N(f)$ to $\\int f d\\mu$ (the integral in the Birkhoff Ergodic Theorem), our computations have finite precision so we have to ask what this condition means in a finite precision world. ", "With this in mind, we can restate the Diophantine condition, Ineq. ", "\\[eqn:Dioph\\], saying $\\rho$ is [**Diophantine**]{} (of class $\\beta$) if there is some $\\beta>0$ for which $$\\liminf_{|k|\\to\\infty} |k|^{d+\\beta} \\left| e^{2\\pi i k\\cdot\\rho}-1 \\right|>0.$$ In other words, the values of which $k$ for which $|k|^{d} \\left| e^{2\\pi i k\\cdot\\rho}-1 \\right|$ should not go to $0$ too fast. ", "This idea suggests defining $$\\Delta(k,\\rho):= |k|^d \\left| e^{2\\pi i k\\cdot\\rho}-1 \\right|.$$For fast convergence in computing Fourier series coefficients $a_k$, the quantity $\\Delta(k,\\rho)$ should not be too small for the relevant $k$, those for which $|a_k|$ is likely to be larger than our error threshold, which in this paper is about $10^{-30}$. [**What values of $\\Delta(k,\\rho)$ are we likely to encounter?**]{} ", "For $\\rho_1 := (\\sqrt{5} +1)/2$, the golden mean, we find $$\\min_{k=2,\\cdots,10^6}\\Delta(k,\\rho_1) \\approx 2.655.$$ It appears that $\\displaystyle\\liminf_{|k|\\to\\infty}\\Delta(k,\\rho_1) = 2.809925\\cdots.$ Note the last term in Eq. ", "\\[eqn:dio\\] is similar to $\\Delta$ except for the leading $|k|$. Of course the power $-m$ can greatly multiply the problem of $\\left| e^{2\\pi i k\\cdot\\rho}-1 \\right|$ being small. ", "To offset $\\left| e^{2\\pi i k\\cdot\\rho}-1 \\right|$ being smaller by a factor of 100, we might expect that convergence would require $N$ in Eq. ", "\\[eqn:dio\\] to be larger by a factor of $100$. Of course both are raised to the same power $m$ in these equations. ", "Indeed in Fig. ", "\\[badrotation\\] we must increase N by a factor of $100$ to get 30-digit convergence.", "\n\nAn illustration of the problem can be seen for $\\rho_2 = \\pi-3$ since $\\pi \\approx \\frac{355}{113},$ and $|k|=113$ yields the rather small value $\\Delta(\\pm113,\\rho_2)\\approx 0.021.$ Also $\\Delta(\\pm226,\\rho_2)\\approx 0.085.$ $\\Delta(\\pm339,\\rho_2)\\approx 0.193.$ These suggest slow convergence for those $k$ values. ", "When computing a Fourier series for $f$ using ${\\mbox{WB}}_N$ with this $\\rho$, when $N < 10^7$, we obtain poor values for many Fourier coefficients as we illustrate in Fig. ", "\\[badrotation\\](a).", "\n\n[**Comparing a function to its Fourier series.**]{} ", "To estimate how accurate a computed Fourier series of a function $f: {{\\mathbb{T}^d}}\\to {{\\mathbb{R}}}^1$ is, define $a_k = {\\mbox{WB}}_N(f f_{-k})$ and $f_k(\\theta) := e^{2\\pi i k\\cdot\\theta}$ (where $k\\cdot\\theta$ denotes an inner product in ${{\\mathbb{R}}}^d$), and $$f^{K,N}(\\theta) := \\sum_{|k| \\le K}a_k f_k(\\theta).$$ To test how similar $f$ and $f^{K,N}$ are in the $L^2$ and $L^1$ sense, we compute the errors $$\\label{deltas}\n\\delta^{K,N}_2(f):=\\sqrt{{\\mbox{WB}}_N((f - f^{K,N})^2)} \\mbox{ and }\\delta^{K,N}_1(f):= {\\mbox{WB}}_N(|f - f^{K,N}|).$$ They are calculated in Fig. ", "\\[badrotation\\](b).", "\n\n[**A saw-tooth pattern of errors.**]{} ", "In the above example with $N=10^5$, Fig. ", "\\[badrotation\\] shows a saw-tooth pattern with peaks at multiples of $113$ where the slopes are all the same. ", "Many coefficients have a big error, and all errors here are the result of $\\psi_{N,k}$ when $k$ is a non-zero multiple of $113$. To explain this saw-tooth effect, we note that we have found for this example that $\\psi_{N,k}\\approx 0$ for $N=10^5$, when $k$ is not a multiple of $113$ and in particular $k\\ne 0$, and here we assume all those values are indeed $0$ to simplify computation except for $k=0$ and $|k| = k^*$ for some $k^* \\gg 1$ such as $k^* = 113$.\n\nSuppose we wish to compute the Fourier coefficients of $f$ and determine how accurate the result is. ", "The computed $k^{th}$ coefficient, denoted $\\hat a_k$ is $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\hat a_{|k|}=\\hat a_{\\pm k}={\\mbox{WB}}_N(f(\\theta) e^{\\pm 2\\pi i k\\cdot\\theta}) =\\sum_m a_m\\psi_{N,m\\pm k} \n$$ which has significant contributions from $m\\pm k=0$ and $|m\\pm k|= k^*$. Since $k^* \\gg 1$, we can ignore $a_{\\pm k}$, and we conclude that for small integers $n$, $$\\hat a_{|k^*\\pm n|} \\approx a_{|n|}\\psi_{N,k^*}.$$ On the log-linear plot of the graph, the coefficients $a_k$ are almost linear, so it follows from this equation that the erroneous $\\hat a_{|k^*\\pm n|}$ has the same slope (the absolute value of the derivative), and that each non-zero multiple of $k^*=113$ has the same error pattern. ", "The heights of the peaks are $a_{0}\\psi_{N,m k^*}$ at $k=m k^*$ where $m=1,2,\\cdots$.\n\n[**Remark on Fig. ", "\\[fig:StdMap\\].**]{} ", "The panel (b) of this figure shows a jump in the Fourier series terms at coefficient $|a_{506}|$ (i.e., $k=253$ in that figure). ", "This does not seem to be a numerical artifact. ", "In fact $\\Delta$ does have a local minimum at $506$ but $\\Delta(506,\\rho)= 1.03$ is not particularly small for such minimum. ", "Furthermore, changing the number of iterates (as mentioned in the caption) does not change the graph.", "\n\nConcluding remarks {#sec:conclude}\n==================\n\nWe have developed a straightforward but effective computational tool for quickly computing a large variety of quantities for quasiperiodic orbits. ", "These quantities include rotation vectors, Fourier reconstruction of conjugacy maps, and in some cases Lyapunov exponents. ", "The methods work well in one and higher dimensions. ", "They are effective using both double and quadruple precision, though we have chosen to do most of our calculations in higher precision to show the full possibilities and quick convergence properties of our method.", "\n\nThe literature on quasiperiodicity is vast and windowing techniques analogous to ours are often used. ", "But our goals in this paper are limited: to introduce the $C^\\infty$ Weighted Birkhoff averages ${\\mbox{WB}}_N\\ (={\\mbox{WB}}_N^{[1]})$ and ${\\mbox{WB}}_N^{[2]}$ as numerically useful tools and to present some of its applications.", "\n\nWe note that the computational time for computing our weighting functions $w(t)$ is almost the same as for the weighting function $w_{sin^2}$ that uses $\\sin^2(\\pi t)$. Both are equally easy to program. ", "But convergence is far faster with the Weighted Birkhoff averages, as seen in Figs. ", "\\[fig:mid\\_circle2\\], \\[fig:2DMap\\_overview\\](b), \\[fig:circle\\_rotation\\](b), and \\[fig:2DMap\\_lyap\\].", "\n\nQuasiperiodic orbits can occur in many different situations, for example, subject to periodic forcing (see Luque and Villanueva [@luque:villanueva:14]); as high-dimensional tori that are not simply embedded (see Medvedev et al.", " [@medvedev_lagrangian_2015]); in the presence of noise; etc. ", "The question of whether our methods extend to these situations is worthy of further consideration.", "\n\n[**When must $N$ be large to get convergence?**]{} ", "We have developed some diagnostics in Section \\[sec:almost\\_rational\\] to detect when $N$ must be chosen especially large to get high accuracy – at least for the $d=1$ dimensional cases. ", "Computation of $\\Delta$ can be used to detect cases when $N$ must be large to get accurate values for Fourier coefficients. ", "For example we found that because $\\Delta(\\pm113,\\rho_2)$ is so small, $N$ must be increased by a factor of $100$ to get an accurate Fourier series for the conjugacy map. ", "One might ask if there are other $k$ for which $\\Delta(\\pm113,\\rho_2)$ is quite small. ", "We find $\\Delta(\\pm113,\\rho_2) < \\Delta(k,\\rho_2)$ for all $k\\ne 113$ and $k < 10^7$.\n\n[**Acknowledgments:**]{} We would like to thank Miguel Sanjuán and the referees for many helpful suggestions. ", "YS was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant 17K05360 and JST PRESTO grant JMPJPR16E5. ", "ES was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-1407087. ", "JAY was partially supported by National Research Initiative Competitive grants 2009-35205-05209 and 2008-04049 from the U.S.D.A.\n\n[^1]: As with the standard map, we have specified all non-essential parameters rather than stating the most general form of the Van der Pol equation. ", "Our computed rotation numbers for the three orbits $F=5.0$, $15.0$, and $25.0$ are $0.29206126329199589285577578718959$, $0.37553441113144010884908928083318$ and $0.56235370092685056634419221336154$ respectively.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }

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[ "/*\n * SonarQube Scanner for Jenkins\n * Copyright (C) 2007-2019 SonarSource SA\n * mailto:info AT sonarsource DOT com\n *\n * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\n * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\n * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\n * version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.", "\n *\n * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ", " See the GNU\n * Lesser General Public License for more details.", "\n *\n * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License\n * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,\n * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.", "\n */\npackage org.sonarsource.scanner.jenkins.pipeline;\n\nimport hudson.", "Extension;\nimport hudson.security.csrf.", "CrumbExclusion;\nimport java.io.", "IOException;\nimport javax.servlet.", "FilterChain;\nimport javax.servlet.", "ServletException;\nimport javax.servlet.http.", "HttpServletRequest;\nimport javax.servlet.http.", "HttpServletResponse;\n\nimport static org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.isEmpty;\n\n@Extension\npublic class SonarQubeWebHookCrumbExclusion extends CrumbExclusion {\n\n @Override\n public boolean process(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {\n String pathInfo = req.getPathInfo();\n if (isEmpty(pathInfo)) {\n return false;\n }\n pathInfo = pathInfo.endsWith(\"/\") ? ", "pathInfo : (pathInfo + '/');\n if (!", "pathInfo.equals(getExclusionPath())) {\n return false;\n }\n chain.doFilter(req, resp);\n return true;\n }\n\n public String getExclusionPath() {\n return \"/\" + SonarQubeWebHook.", "URLNAME + \"/\";\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "SwissCham Southern Africa\n\nSwissCham Southern Africa (SCSA). ", "SCSA is also a member of SwissCham, the Association of Swiss Foreign Trade Chambers since 1935. ", "SCSA is also part of SwissCham–Africa, which is the Swiss African Chamber of Commerce for Trade and Investments for Swiss Companies and Institutions promoting Trade and Investments in African Countries, Switzerland and Europe.", "\n\nHistory \nThe 1956 formed Swiss–South African Association (SSAA) was merged into the Swiss–South African Chamber of Commerce (founded in 1996 and based in Zug).", "\n\nSee also\n Swiss abroad\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n \n\nCategory:South Africa–Switzerland relations\nCategory:Business organisations based in Switzerland\nCategory:Organizations established in 1956\nCategory:Organizations established in 1996\nCategory:Organizations established in 2003\nCategory:International friendship associations" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Nicholas III Kőszegi\n\nNicholas (III) Kőszegi (; died early 1314) was a Hungarian lord in the early 14th century, who served as Master of the treasury in 1307 and from 1311 to 1314.", "\n\nFamily\nNicholas was born around 1285 into the powerful and wealthy Kőszegi family, as one of the two sons of Gregory. ", "His younger brother was Andrew. ", "His father was killed by a lightning strike in 1297, leaving the child Nicholas as the heir of his grandfather Ivan, who had established a province in Western Transdanubia independently of the royal power. ", "Nicholas had no descendants.", "\n\nCareer\nNicholas first appeared in contemporary records in February 1307, when he was referred to as Master of the treasury in the court of Otto of Bavaria, one of the pretenders to the Hungarian throne, whose aspirations was supported by Ivan Kőszegi. ", "Nicholas lost the dignity still in that year, as Otto was captured and imprisoned by Ladislaus Kán in the following months. ", "Ivan Kőszegi died on 5 April 1308. ", "Nicholas inherited his power and positions; he became hereditary ispán of Vas, Sopron, Zala – and possibly Moson and Győr – counties until his death. ", "He owned various castles in the region, for instance Kőszeg, Borostyánkő (today Bernstein, Austria), Sárvár and Bikug (near Deutschkreutz), in addition to the Pannonhalma Archabbey.", "\n\nAbandoning the political orientation of his grandfather, Nicholas participated in that Diet in Pest on 27 November 1308, where Otto's rival, Charles of Anjou was unanimously proclaimed king. ", "His uncle, Henry also attended the assembly. ", "In June 1309, Henry Kőszegi confirmed his oath of allegiance to Charles on behalf of himself, his grandnephew Nicholas and their familiares. ", "Historian Attila Zsoldos argues Henry acted as paterfamilias in this capacity, but Nicholas represented the Ivan branch within the Kőszegi kinship. ", "After Henry's death in 1310, Nicholas became head of the family. ", "After Matthew Csák's open face turning against Charles, Nicholas was made Master of the treasury in the spring of 1311, sometimes in March or April. ", "He held the position until his death.", "\n\nOn 23 January 1312, Nicholas Kőszegi confirmed his previously concluded alliance with the House of Habsburg in Fürstenfeld (), beyond his own person, on behalf of his brother Andrew, his uncle Bishop Nicholas of Győr and the sons of the late Henry, John and Peter \"the Duke\". ", "In accordance with the document, Nicholas had a meeting with Frederick I, Duke of Austria sometimes earlier in Wiener Neustadt. ", "The document emphasizes that Nicholas and his family were equally committed to serving Charles I too, simultaneously maintaining a good relationship with Frederick the Fair. ", "Nicholas Kőszegi tried to stabilize his power in the borderlands and took a neutral position in Charles' unification war against the provincial lords; he did not send soldiers to the royal army, but did not rebel against the king, when Charles waged war with the powerful oligarch Matthew Csák in the early 1310s. ", "Nicholas died in early 1314, leaving no male descendants. ", "He was succeeded by Andrew, who renewed their grandfather's violent behavior and raids against the royal power, causing the family's downfall in 1317.", "\n\nIn hagiography\nThe circumstances of Nicholas' death appears in the 15th-century legend of Blessed Maurice Csák, although with many false data and interpretation. ", "Accordingly, Maurice, who related to the Kőszegis from his maternal side, wished to recover his previously abandoned goods in order to donate them to the Virgin Mary monastery, located on an island of the Danube, but \"king\" Nicholas [\"son of George\"] refused his request after their conversation [in the autumn of 1313]. ", "In response, Maurice prophesied that Nicholas will die within half a year because of his \"harshness\". ", "For the specified time, Nicholas fell ill and called \"his sons\" [sic!], ", "Bishop Nicholas of Győr and Andrew, and ordered them to hand over the goods for the monastery, according to Maurice's request, who predicted his death and thus \"he has a holy and prophetic soul\".", "\n\nReferences\n\nSources \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n\nCategory:1280s births\nCategory:1314 deaths\nCategory:Masters of the treasury (Kingdom of Hungary)\nNicholas 03\nCategory:13th-century Hungarian people\nCategory:14th-century Hungarian people" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "1. ", "Field\nThe present disclosure relates to a vehicle installation structure.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nFor example, an electrically driven vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or an EV includes plural high-voltage electrical apparatuses such as an inverter that controls a traction motor and a DC-DC converter for voltage control. ", "Because heat generation occurs in those high-voltage electrical apparatuses, a structure is employed in which cooling air is introduced to an electrical unit that includes the high-voltage electrical apparatuses and the high-voltage electrical apparatuses are cooled by heat exchange with the cooling air.", "\nAs an example of such a kind of a technique, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. ", "2007-8403 discloses a cooling device for an electrical unit for a vehicle. ", "In this cooling device, the high-voltage electrical apparatuses are mounted on heat dissipating plates.", "\nFurther, in a position opposed to the heat dissipating plate on which the inverter is mounted, the heat dissipating plate on which the DC-DC converter is mounted and the heat dissipating plate on which a power converter for driving an auxiliary apparatus are adjacently arranged such that the heat dissipating plate for the DC-DC converter is positioned upstream and the heat dissipating plate for the power converter is positioned downstream. ", "In addition, those opposed heat dissipating plates are coupled together by a side wall member so as to cover a side of heat dissipating fins on a back surface side, and a path of cooling air is thereby formed with those opposed heat dissipating plates and the side wall member. ", "Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. ", "2007-8403 discloses that such a configuration enables the manufacturing cost to be reduced and the device to be made compact." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "\n161 N.J. Super. ", "137 (1978)\n390 A.2d 1228\nARTHUR CARINE, ANNE MARIE CARINE, JOSEPH TRAMUTOLA, ROBERT MASSA, THEODORE SCHMIDT, MARY LICATA, JOSEPH LICATA, ROSALYN LOBEL, ANITA HIRSH AND LEO KAZAZIAN, PLAINTIFFS,\nv.\nCLIFFSIDE PARK BOARD OF EDUCATION AND ANDREW L. NEMEC, BUILDING INSPECTOR OF THE BOROUGH OF CLIFFSIDE PARK, DEFENDANTS.", "\nSuperior Court of New Jersey, Law Division.", "\nDecided July 10, 1978.", "\n*138 Mr. Joseph C. Woodcock, Jr., for plaintiffs (Messrs. Vaccaro, Osborne & Curran, attorneys).", "\nMr. Robert M. Jacobs for defendant Cliffside Park Board of Education (Messrs. Winne, Banta, Rizzi & Harrington, attorneys).", "\nMr. Sheldon M. Liebowitz for defendant Building Inspector Nemec (Messrs. Liebowitz, Krafte & Liebowitz, attorneys).", "\nCASSIDY, J.J.D.R.C. (temporarily assigned).", "\nThis matter came before the court on a complaint in lieu of prerogative writs. ", "Plaintiffs are owners of property located on Riverview Avenue, Cliffside Park, New Jersey. ", "Defendant board of education is the owner of property located on the southerly side of Riverview Avenue, and defendant Andrew L. Nemec was, and is, the building inspector of Cliffside Park.", "\nThe premises in question owned by the board is known as Lot 36, Block 59 on the tax assessment map of Cliffside Park and situated in a one-family residential zone area. ", "The board maintains and uses the said premises as an athletic field, adjacent to the high school.", "\nPrior to June 1977 the board removed a wooden grandstand used for spectators attending athletic events. ", "On or about October 3, 1977 the board constructed a new grandstand on the premises.", "\nPlaintiffs allege the following violations: (1) the said grandstand was constructed without a building permit from Building Inspector Nemec, allegedly in violation of the local zoning ordinance, and (2) no notice was given to the adjacent property owners within 200 feet of the construction.", "\nFactually, it appears that an application to construct a permanent steel grandstand was submitted to the State Board of Education which approved the plans on June *139 17, 1977. ", "This application was submitted in accordance with N.J.S.A. 18A:18A-16 which provided:\nAll plans and specifications for the erection, alteration, improvement or repair of public schoolhouses shall be drawn by or under the supervision of an appropriate officer employed by the board to whom such power shall have been delegated by the board of education.", "\nNo contract for the erection of any building or any part thereof by any board of education of any school district shall be entered into until the plans and specifications therefor have been submitted to, and approved by, the State board and no change in any such plans or specifications, so approved, shall be made unless the same shall have been submitted to, and approved by, the State board. ", "A copy of all plans and specifications, and all changes therein, so approved, shall be filed forthwith with the State board.", "\nFollowing the State Board's approval, the stands were constructed. ", "No application was made to the zoning board or to the building inspector by the board of education, which relied upon the approval of the State Board of Education.", "\nPlaintiffs contend that according to Roman Catholic Diocese of Newark v. Ho-Ho-Kus, 42 N.J. 556 (1964), public schools are subject to local zoning.", "\nHowever, that finding must be viewed in light of the recently enacted N.J.S.A. 18A:18A-49 and also the facts and circumstances of the case before the court dealing with the issuance of a building permit. ", "N.J.S.A. 18A:18A-49 states:\nNo board of education of any school district shall be required to secure the approval of its plans and specifications for the erection or alteration of any school building or vocational school building or any part thereof by the municipality in which the building is located; nor shall any board of education or any board of education of a county vocational school or any contractor doing work in connection with school buildings or county vocational school buildings be required to secure a building permit from the municipality.", "\nThe statute unequivocally does not require a municipal building permit to be issued. \"", "State preemption of a *140 specific legislative subject may be inferred when the matter controlled by statute necessitates a uniform state scheme.\" ", "Cedar Park Cemetery v. Hayes, 132 N.J. Super. ", "572 (Law Div. ", "1975).", "\nPlaintiffs also argue that the grandstand in question does not come under the statute in that it is not an integral part of the school building. ", "They contend that the athletic field is a mere \"accessory.\" ", "They further assert that the grandstand is an accessory to the athletic field accessory. ", "The court finds this contention without merit. ", "This court holds that the adjacent athletic facilities are an integral part of the school building under the meaning of the statute.", "\nPlaintiffs also raise the issue of notice concerning the residents within 200 feet. ", "The statute is silent as to the notice requirement and it is the opinion of the court that if a notice requirement was necessary, the legislature would have so provided for it in the statute.", "\nDefendants have complied with N.J.S.A. 18A:18A-16 regarding submission of plans to the State Board for its approval, and since N.J.S.A. 18A:18A-49 does not require a municipal building permit be issued, judgment is hereby entered in favor of defendants.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Photographs on display in Riney Art Gallery\n\nA collection of photographs by Lisa Perez Miller is currently on exhibit through Feb. 1 in the Pratt Community College Riney Art Gallery located in the Riney Student Conference Center.", "\n\nPhotography is a hobby for Miller, who enjoys shooting a variety of subjects, including landscapes, architecture, animals, flowers and people. ", "Having taken thousands of photos, Miller continues to develop her skills as a photographer, experimenting with composition, special effects and unique subjects.", "\n\n\"I love the creative challenge which photography offers both behind the camera and in photo editing,\" Miller said.", "\n\nMiller is the vice president of students/enrollment management at the college and serves as a non-profit organization director and a civic volunteer.", "\n\nShe received her undergraduate degree from Kansas State University and a graduate degree from Wichita State University and is a native of Humboldt. ", "Lisa and her husband Mike have resided in Pratt since the fall of 1983.", "\n\nThe gallery will be open during PCC's regular business hours Monday through Friday 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. and by appointment. ", "To schedule an appointment contact Jody Jorns at extension 179.", "\n\nAdditional exhibits will be on campus in the Delmar Riney Gallery this spring as well.", "\n\nFor a detailed list of upcoming exhibits, visit http://prattcc.edu/5461-2012- 2013-art-gallery-schedule, or perform a search on the main page for \"2012-2013 art exhibit\". ", "The schedule will be the first result listed." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Designing a user-friendly trademark policy for some of the world’s most recognizable marks\n\nLegal documents are intended to be precise and comprehensive. ", "Unfortunately, they’re often not very accessible. ", "Lawyers are used to communicating with other lawyers with jargon that is well-defined in law, but can often be difficult for others to understand. ", "This complicated language is particularly problematic with online policies that are intended for audiences of varying ages and nationalities. ", "To make matters worse, legal documents often have large chunks of fine print, which are difficult to read on a computer screen (not to mention, on a phone!). ", "The Wikimedia Foundation is looking to break this pattern with a new trademark policy\n\nLegal documents are intended to be precise and comprehensive. ", "Unfortunately, they’re often not very accessible. ", "Lawyers are used to communicating with other lawyers with jargon that is well-defined in law, but can often be difficult for others to understand. ", "This complicated language is particularly problematic with online policies that are intended for audiences of varying ages and nationalities. ", "To make matters worse, legal documents often have large chunks of fine print, which are difficult to read on a computer screen (not to mention, on a phone!).", "\n\nThe Wikimedia Foundation is looking to break this pattern with a new trademark policy by using plain language and borrowing visualization techniques from information design. ", "Information design focuses on improving user experience to effectively communicate information using images, color coding, typography, and white space.", "\n\nWe are currently preparing a draft trademark policy based on input from Wikimedia community members in an effort to develop a document that truly reflects the values of the Wikimedia community. ", "Our goal with the new policy is to make it easy for community members to use the Wikimedia marks. ", "In addition to making the policy more permissive, the WMF legal team is looking to make it clear and intuitive. ", "The policy should be straightforward and easy for anyone to navigate when looking to use a Wikimedia mark.", "\n\nOne way the legal team has sought to make the trademark policy more accessible is by applying various readability indices to determine the reading level needed to understand the text. ", "The legal team tried to avoid legalese and strived to use short sentences and simple words. ", "The current draft only requires a reading level of an average 12 or 13 year old. ", "Lowering the readability score of the text will make it simpler to translate and, therefore, more accessible to international audiences.", "\n\nAnother way the legal team has tried to make the policy more accessible is by developing a user-friendly summary. ", "The summary highlights the most important points in the policy and directs users to relevant portions of the text for additional information. ", "This summary, along with the improved readability and translatability, should make the draft much more accessible and ultimately usable.", "\n\nThe team is also looking for alternative ways to communicate the information in the policy to reinforce the text. ", "A few weeks ago, we partnered with legal information researchers Stefania Passera, Helena Haapio, and Margaret Hagan to organize a two-part Legal Design Jam at Stanford Institute of Design and the Embassy Network. ", "The goal of these sessions was to brainstorm about how to make our trademark policy more user-friendly using colors, visuals and various information design methods. ", "We brought together two groups of professionals and students with law, design, computer science and policy backgrounds to work on this problem.", "\n\nBoth legal design sessions began with a presentation by Stefania Passera regarding different information design techniques that can improve the usability of legal documents. ", "Yana Welinder, who is leading the trademarks work and the policy update in the legal team, then presented the trademark policy draft. ", "She focused on community interests that drive the document to make sure that the legal design participants appreciated the importance and practicality of the document. ", "The draft was divided into sections and reviewed in groups of four to five participants. ", "Each group spent time discussing a portion of the draft, highlighting the key concepts and thinking about how those concepts should be visualized effectively.", "\n\nIn the first session, the legal design participants identified that the user-friendly summary contained a complicated list of trademark uses that could be broken down into three main categories. ", "The WMF legal team wanted to emphasize the ease with which we hope community members will be able to use the trademarks under the new policy. ", "At the same time, the trademark policy should be clear when uses require a trademark license. ", "The legal design participants chose to represent the different trademark uses in the summary with the traffic light colors that commonly indicate go (green), caution (yellow) and stop (red). ", "Using this color scheme, we developed a shorter summary to indicate when trademark use does not require permission (green), when permission must be sought (yellow) and a few uses that are prohibited (red). ", "We then used the same color-scheme in symbols throughout the policy to help readers navigate the document in the same way.", "\n\nThe legal design participants also introduced well-known symbols to visualize other sections of the policy. ", "For example, a warning sign was chosen to represent reporting of trademark violations and a pen to represent future revisions to the policy. ", "We are mindful that some symbols and colors may not have the same meaning worldwide. ", "Which is why we hope that the international Wikimedia community will help us adopt globally meaningful symbols as they review and discuss the policy during the consultation period that will begin soon.", "\n\nWe are now wikifying the designs that were developed in the legal design sessions so that community members can discuss them on Meta-Wiki. ", "Once that discussion opens, please join in and give your feedback about this work in the consultation on the policy draft. ", "You can also leave your thoughts in comments on this blog in the meantime. ", "What do you think about this process? ", "Have we overlooked anything important? ", "We look forward to getting the community’s feedback on this.", "\n\n3 Comments on Designing a user-friendly trademark policy for some of the world’s most recognizable marks\n\nHi Lane, Thanks for your comment! ", "We have really tried to design the draft policy around making this type of work easier for community members. ", "We will release it shortly and I’d love to get your thoughts on whether the draft addresses your concerns.", "\n\nThanks for doing this. ", "I and my community need this policy so that we can host small community events with guidance on how to advertise ourselves as a grassroots community effort that complies with and sets a model for respect for trademark law.", "\n\nArchives\n\nWork at Wikimedia\n\nWork with the foundation that supports Wikipedia and its sister projects around the world.", "\nApply and join us\n\nWikimedia Foundation\n\nThe Wikimedia Foundation, Inc is a nonprofit charitable organization dedicated to encouraging the growth, development and distribution of free, multilingual content, and to providing the full content of these wiki-based projects to the public free of charge. ", "Get Involved | Log In\n\nWikimedia Projects\n\nThe Wikimedia Foundation operates some of the largest collaboratively edited reference projects in the world.", "\n\nWikimedia Movement Affiliates\n\nThe Wikimedia projects have an international scope, and the Wikimedia movement has already made a significant impact throughout the world. ", "To continue this success on an organizational level, Wikimedia is building an international network of associated organizations." ]

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[ "/*\n * Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>\n * Routines for Sound Blaster mixer control\n *\n *\n * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify\n * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or\n * (at your option) any later version.", "\n *\n * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ", " See the\n * GNU General Public License for more details.", "\n *\n * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software\n * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA\n *\n */\n\n#include <linux/io.h>\n#include <linux/delay.h>\n#include <linux/time.h>\n#include <sound/core.h>\n#include <sound/sb.h>\n#include <sound/control.h>\n\n#undef IO_DEBUG\n\nvoid snd_sbmixer_write(struct snd_sb *chip, unsigned char reg, unsigned char data)\n{\n\toutb(reg, SBP(chip, MIXER_ADDR));\n\tudelay(10);\n\toutb(data, SBP(chip, MIXER_DATA));\n\tudelay(10);\n#ifdef IO_DEBUG\n\tsnd_printk(KERN_DEBUG \"mixer_write 0x%x 0x%x\\n\", reg, data);\n#endif\n}\n\nunsigned char snd_sbmixer_read(struct snd_sb *chip, unsigned char reg)\n{\n\tunsigned char result;\n\n\toutb(reg, SBP(chip, MIXER_ADDR));\n\tudelay(10);\n\tresult = inb(SBP(chip, MIXER_DATA));\n\tudelay(10);\n#ifdef IO_DEBUG\n\tsnd_printk(KERN_DEBUG \"mixer_read 0x%x 0x%x\\n\", reg, result);\n#endif\n\treturn result;\n}\n\n/*\n * Single channel mixer element\n */\n\nstatic int snd_sbmixer_info_single(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)\n{\n\tint mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;\n\n\tuinfo->type = mask == 1 ? ", "SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN : SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;\n\tuinfo->count = 1;\n\tuinfo->value.integer.min = 0;\n\tuinfo->value.integer.max = mask;\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic int snd_sbmixer_get_single(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)\n{\n\tstruct snd_sb *sb = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tint reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;\n\tint shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;\n\tint mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;\n\tunsigned char val;\n\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\tval = (snd_sbmixer_read(sb, reg) >> shift) & mask;\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\tucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = val;\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic int snd_sbmixer_put_single(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)\n{\n\tstruct snd_sb *sb = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tint reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;\n\tint shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0x07;\n\tint mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;\n\tint change;\n\tunsigned char val, oval;\n\n\tval = (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] & mask) << shift;\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\toval = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, reg);\n\tval = (oval & ~(mask << shift)) | val;\n\tchange = val !", "= oval;\n\tif (change)\n\t\tsnd_sbmixer_write(sb, reg, val);\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\treturn change;\n}\n\n/*\n * Double channel mixer element\n */\n\nstatic int snd_sbmixer_info_double(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)\n{\n\tint mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;\n\n\tuinfo->type = mask == 1 ? ", "SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN : SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;\n\tuinfo->count = 2;\n\tuinfo->value.integer.min = 0;\n\tuinfo->value.integer.max = mask;\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic int snd_sbmixer_get_double(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)\n{\n\tstruct snd_sb *sb = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tint left_reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;\n\tint right_reg = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;\n\tint left_shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0x07;\n\tint right_shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 19) & 0x07;\n\tint mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;\n\tunsigned char left, right;\n\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\tleft = (snd_sbmixer_read(sb, left_reg) >> left_shift) & mask;\n\tright = (snd_sbmixer_read(sb, right_reg) >> right_shift) & mask;\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\tucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = left;\n\tucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = right;\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic int snd_sbmixer_put_double(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)\n{\n\tstruct snd_sb *sb = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tint left_reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;\n\tint right_reg = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;\n\tint left_shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0x07;\n\tint right_shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 19) & 0x07;\n\tint mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;\n\tint change;\n\tunsigned char left, right, oleft, oright;\n\n\tleft = (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] & mask) << left_shift;\n\tright = (ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] & mask) << right_shift;\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\tif (left_reg == right_reg) {\n\t\toleft = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, left_reg);\n\t\tleft = (oleft & ~((mask << left_shift) | (mask << right_shift))) | left | right;\n\t\tchange = left !", "= oleft;\n\t\tif (change)\n\t\t\tsnd_sbmixer_write(sb, left_reg, left);\n\t} else {\n\t\toleft = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, left_reg);\n\t\toright = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, right_reg);\n\t\tleft = (oleft & ~(mask << left_shift)) | left;\n\t\tright = (oright & ~(mask << right_shift)) | right;\n\t\tchange = left !", "= oleft || right !", "= oright;\n\t\tif (change) {\n\t\t\tsnd_sbmixer_write(sb, left_reg, left);\n\t\t\tsnd_sbmixer_write(sb, right_reg, right);\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\treturn change;\n}\n\n/*\n * DT-019x / ALS-007 capture/input switch\n */\n\nstatic int snd_dt019x_input_sw_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)\n{\n\tstatic const char * const texts[5] = {\n\t\t\"CD\", \"Mic\", \"Line\", \"Synth\", \"Master\"\n\t};\n\n\treturn snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 5, texts);\n}\n\nstatic int snd_dt019x_input_sw_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)\n{\n\tstruct snd_sb *sb = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tunsigned char oval;\n\t\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\toval = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, SB_DT019X_CAPTURE_SW);\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\tswitch (oval & 0x07) {\n\tcase SB_DT019X_CAP_CD:\n\t\tucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = 0;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_DT019X_CAP_MIC:\n\t\tucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = 1;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_DT019X_CAP_LINE:\n\t\tucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = 2;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_DT019X_CAP_MAIN:\n\t\tucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = 4;\n\t\tbreak;\n\t/* To record the synth on these cards you must record the main. ", " */\n\t/* Thus SB_DT019X_CAP_SYNTH == SB_DT019X_CAP_MAIN and would cause */\n\t/* duplicate case labels if left uncommented. */", "\n\t/* case SB_DT019X_CAP_SYNTH:\n\t *\tucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = 3;\n\t *\tbreak;\n\t */\n\tdefault:\n\t\tucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = 4;\n\t\tbreak;\n\t}\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic int snd_dt019x_input_sw_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)\n{\n\tstruct snd_sb *sb = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tint change;\n\tunsigned char nval, oval;\n\t\n\tif (ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] > 4)\n\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\tswitch (ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0]) {\n\tcase 0:\n\t\tnval = SB_DT019X_CAP_CD;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase 1:\n\t\tnval = SB_DT019X_CAP_MIC;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase 2:\n\t\tnval = SB_DT019X_CAP_LINE;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase 3:\n\t\tnval = SB_DT019X_CAP_SYNTH;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase 4:\n\t\tnval = SB_DT019X_CAP_MAIN;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tdefault:\n\t\tnval = SB_DT019X_CAP_MAIN;\n\t}\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\toval = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, SB_DT019X_CAPTURE_SW);\n\tchange = nval !", "= oval;\n\tif (change)\n\t\tsnd_sbmixer_write(sb, SB_DT019X_CAPTURE_SW, nval);\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\treturn change;\n}\n\n/*\n * ALS4000 mono recording control switch\n */\n\nstatic int snd_als4k_mono_capture_route_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,\n\t\t\t\t\t struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)\n{\n\tstatic const char * const texts[3] = {\n\t\t\"L chan only\", \"R chan only\", \"L ch/2 + R ch/2\"\n\t};\n\n\treturn snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);\n}\n\nstatic int snd_als4k_mono_capture_route_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,\n\t\t\t\tstruct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)\n{\n\tstruct snd_sb *sb = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tunsigned char oval;\n\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\toval = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, SB_ALS4000_MONO_IO_CTRL);\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\toval >>= 6;\n\tif (oval > 2)\n\t\toval = 2;\n\n\tucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = oval;\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic int snd_als4k_mono_capture_route_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,\n\t\t\t\tstruct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)\n{\n\tstruct snd_sb *sb = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tint change;\n\tunsigned char nval, oval;\n\n\tif (ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] > 2)\n\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\toval = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, SB_ALS4000_MONO_IO_CTRL);\n\n\tnval = (oval & ~(3 << 6))\n\t | (ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] << 6);\n\tchange = nval !", "= oval;\n\tif (change)\n\t\tsnd_sbmixer_write(sb, SB_ALS4000_MONO_IO_CTRL, nval);\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\treturn change;\n}\n\n/*\n * SBPRO input multiplexer\n */\n\nstatic int snd_sb8mixer_info_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)\n{\n\tstatic const char * const texts[3] = {\n\t\t\"Mic\", \"CD\", \"Line\"\n\t};\n\n\treturn snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);\n}\n\n\nstatic int snd_sb8mixer_get_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)\n{\n\tstruct snd_sb *sb = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tunsigned char oval;\n\t\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\toval = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, SB_DSP_CAPTURE_SOURCE);\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\tswitch ((oval >> 0x01) & 0x03) {\n\tcase SB_DSP_MIXS_CD:\n\t\tucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = 1;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_DSP_MIXS_LINE:\n\t\tucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = 2;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tdefault:\n\t\tucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = 0;\n\t\tbreak;\n\t}\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic int snd_sb8mixer_put_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)\n{\n\tstruct snd_sb *sb = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tint change;\n\tunsigned char nval, oval;\n\t\n\tif (ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] > 2)\n\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\tswitch (ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0]) {\n\tcase 1:\n\t\tnval = SB_DSP_MIXS_CD;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase 2:\n\t\tnval = SB_DSP_MIXS_LINE;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tdefault:\n\t\tnval = SB_DSP_MIXS_MIC;\n\t}\n\tnval <<= 1;\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\toval = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, SB_DSP_CAPTURE_SOURCE);\n\tnval |= oval & ~0x06;\n\tchange = nval !", "= oval;\n\tif (change)\n\t\tsnd_sbmixer_write(sb, SB_DSP_CAPTURE_SOURCE, nval);\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\treturn change;\n}\n\n/*\n * SB16 input switch\n */\n\nstatic int snd_sb16mixer_info_input_sw(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)\n{\n\tuinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN;\n\tuinfo->count = 4;\n\tuinfo->value.integer.min = 0;\n\tuinfo->value.integer.max = 1;\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic int snd_sb16mixer_get_input_sw(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)\n{\n\tstruct snd_sb *sb = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tint reg1 = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;\n\tint reg2 = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;\n\tint left_shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0x0f;\n\tint right_shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0x0f;\n\tunsigned char val1, val2;\n\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\tval1 = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, reg1);\n\tval2 = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, reg2);\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\tucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = (val1 >> left_shift) & 0x01;\n\tucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = (val2 >> left_shift) & 0x01;\n\tucontrol->value.integer.value[2] = (val1 >> right_shift) & 0x01;\n\tucontrol->value.integer.value[3] = (val2 >> right_shift) & 0x01;\n\treturn 0;\n} \n\nstatic int snd_sb16mixer_put_input_sw(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)\n{\n\tstruct snd_sb *sb = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tint reg1 = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;\n\tint reg2 = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;\n\tint left_shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0x0f;\n\tint right_shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0x0f;\n\tint change;\n\tunsigned char val1, val2, oval1, oval2;\n\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\toval1 = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, reg1);\n\toval2 = snd_sbmixer_read(sb, reg2);\n\tval1 = oval1 & ~((1 << left_shift) | (1 << right_shift));\n\tval2 = oval2 & ~((1 << left_shift) | (1 << right_shift));\n\tval1 |= (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] & 1) << left_shift;\n\tval2 |= (ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] & 1) << left_shift;\n\tval1 |= (ucontrol->value.integer.value[2] & 1) << right_shift;\n\tval2 |= (ucontrol->value.integer.value[3] & 1) << right_shift;\n\tchange = val1 !", "= oval1 || val2 !", "= oval2;\n\tif (change) {\n\t\tsnd_sbmixer_write(sb, reg1, val1);\n\t\tsnd_sbmixer_write(sb, reg2, val2);\n\t}\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->mixer_lock, flags);\n\treturn change;\n}\n\n\n/*\n */\n/*\n */\nint snd_sbmixer_add_ctl(struct snd_sb *chip, const char *name, int index, int type, unsigned long value)\n{\n\tstatic struct snd_kcontrol_new newctls[] = {\n\t\t[SB_MIX_SINGLE] = {\n\t\t\t.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,\n\t\t\t.info = snd_sbmixer_info_single,\n\t\t\t.get = snd_sbmixer_get_single,\n\t\t\t.put = snd_sbmixer_put_single,\n\t\t},\n\t\t[SB_MIX_DOUBLE] = {\n\t\t\t.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,\n\t\t\t.info = snd_sbmixer_info_double,\n\t\t\t.get = snd_sbmixer_get_double,\n\t\t\t.put = snd_sbmixer_put_double,\n\t\t},\n\t\t[SB_MIX_INPUT_SW] = {\n\t\t\t.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,\n\t\t\t.info = snd_sb16mixer_info_input_sw,\n\t\t\t.get = snd_sb16mixer_get_input_sw,\n\t\t\t.put = snd_sb16mixer_put_input_sw,\n\t\t},\n\t\t[SB_MIX_CAPTURE_PRO] = {\n\t\t\t.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,\n\t\t\t.info = snd_sb8mixer_info_mux,\n\t\t\t.get = snd_sb8mixer_get_mux,\n\t\t\t.put = snd_sb8mixer_put_mux,\n\t\t},\n\t\t[SB_MIX_CAPTURE_DT019X] = {\n\t\t\t.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,\n\t\t\t.info = snd_dt019x_input_sw_info,\n\t\t\t.get = snd_dt019x_input_sw_get,\n\t\t\t.put = snd_dt019x_input_sw_put,\n\t\t},\n\t\t[SB_MIX_MONO_CAPTURE_ALS4K] = {\n\t\t\t.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,\n\t\t\t.info = snd_als4k_mono_capture_route_info,\n\t\t\t.get = snd_als4k_mono_capture_route_get,\n\t\t\t.put = snd_als4k_mono_capture_route_put,\n\t\t},\n\t};\n\tstruct snd_kcontrol *ctl;\n\tint err;\n\n\tctl = snd_ctl_new1(&newctls[type], chip);\n\tif (! ", "ctl)\n\t\treturn -ENOMEM;\n\tstrlcpy(ctl->id.name, name, sizeof(ctl->id.name));\n\tctl->id.index = index;\n\tctl->private_value = value;\n\tif ((err = snd_ctl_add(chip->card, ctl)) < 0)\n\t\treturn err;\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\n/*\n * SB 2.0 specific mixer elements\n */\n\nstatic struct sbmix_elem snd_sb20_controls[] = {\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Master Playback Volume\", SB_DSP20_MASTER_DEV, 1, 7),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"PCM Playback Volume\", SB_DSP20_PCM_DEV, 1, 3),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Synth Playback Volume\", SB_DSP20_FM_DEV, 1, 7),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"CD Playback Volume\", SB_DSP20_CD_DEV, 1, 7)\n};\n\nstatic unsigned char snd_sb20_init_values[][2] = {\n\t{ SB_DSP20_MASTER_DEV, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP20_FM_DEV, 0 },\n};\n\n/*\n * SB Pro specific mixer elements\n */\nstatic struct sbmix_elem snd_sbpro_controls[] = {\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Master Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DSP_MASTER_DEV, SB_DSP_MASTER_DEV, 5, 1, 7),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"PCM Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DSP_PCM_DEV, SB_DSP_PCM_DEV, 5, 1, 7),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"PCM Playback Filter\", SB_DSP_PLAYBACK_FILT, 5, 1),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Synth Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DSP_FM_DEV, SB_DSP_FM_DEV, 5, 1, 7),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"CD Playback Volume\", SB_DSP_CD_DEV, SB_DSP_CD_DEV, 5, 1, 7),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Line Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DSP_LINE_DEV, SB_DSP_LINE_DEV, 5, 1, 7),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Mic Playback Volume\", SB_DSP_MIC_DEV, 1, 3),\n\t{\n\t\t.name = \"Capture Source\",\n\t\t.type = SB_MIX_CAPTURE_PRO\n\t},\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Capture Filter\", SB_DSP_CAPTURE_FILT, 5, 1),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Capture Low-Pass Filter\", SB_DSP_CAPTURE_FILT, 3, 1)\n};\n\nstatic unsigned char snd_sbpro_init_values[][2] = {\n\t{ SB_DSP_MASTER_DEV, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP_PCM_DEV, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP_FM_DEV, 0 },\n};\n\n/*\n * SB16 specific mixer elements\n */\nstatic struct sbmix_elem snd_sb16_controls[] = {\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Master Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_MASTER_DEV, (SB_DSP4_MASTER_DEV + 1), 3, 3, 31),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"PCM Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_PCM_DEV, (SB_DSP4_PCM_DEV + 1), 3, 3, 31),\n\tSB16_INPUT_SW(\"Synth Capture Route\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_INPUT_LEFT, SB_DSP4_INPUT_RIGHT, 6, 5),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Synth Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_SYNTH_DEV, (SB_DSP4_SYNTH_DEV + 1), 3, 3, 31),\n\tSB16_INPUT_SW(\"CD Capture Route\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_INPUT_LEFT, SB_DSP4_INPUT_RIGHT, 2, 1),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"CD Playback Switch\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, 2, 1, 1),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"CD Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_CD_DEV, (SB_DSP4_CD_DEV + 1), 3, 3, 31),\n\tSB16_INPUT_SW(\"Mic Capture Route\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_INPUT_LEFT, SB_DSP4_INPUT_RIGHT, 0, 0),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Mic Playback Switch\", SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, 0, 1),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Mic Playback Volume\", SB_DSP4_MIC_DEV, 3, 31),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Beep Volume\", SB_DSP4_SPEAKER_DEV, 6, 3),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Capture Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_IGAIN_DEV, (SB_DSP4_IGAIN_DEV + 1), 6, 6, 3),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_OGAIN_DEV, (SB_DSP4_OGAIN_DEV + 1), 6, 6, 3),\n\tSB16_INPUT_SW(\"Line Capture Route\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_INPUT_LEFT, SB_DSP4_INPUT_RIGHT, 4, 3),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Line Playback Switch\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, 4, 3, 1),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Line Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_LINE_DEV, (SB_DSP4_LINE_DEV + 1), 3, 3, 31),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Mic Auto Gain\", SB_DSP4_MIC_AGC, 0, 1),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"3D Enhancement Switch\", SB_DSP4_3DSE, 0, 1),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Tone Control - Bass\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_BASS_DEV, (SB_DSP4_BASS_DEV + 1), 4, 4, 15),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Tone Control - Treble\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_TREBLE_DEV, (SB_DSP4_TREBLE_DEV + 1), 4, 4, 15)\n};\n\nstatic unsigned char snd_sb16_init_values[][2] = {\n\t{ SB_DSP4_MASTER_DEV + 0, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_MASTER_DEV + 1, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_PCM_DEV + 0, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_PCM_DEV + 1, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_SYNTH_DEV + 0, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_SYNTH_DEV + 1, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_INPUT_LEFT, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_INPUT_RIGHT, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_SPEAKER_DEV, 0 },\n};\n\n/*\n * DT019x specific mixer elements\n */\nstatic struct sbmix_elem snd_dt019x_controls[] = {\n\t/* ALS4000 below has some parts which we might be lacking,\n\t * e.g. snd_als4000_ctl_mono_playback_switch - check it! */", "\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Master Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DT019X_MASTER_DEV, SB_DT019X_MASTER_DEV, 4, 0, 15),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"PCM Playback Switch\",\n\t\t SB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2, SB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2, 2, 1, 1),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"PCM Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DT019X_PCM_DEV, SB_DT019X_PCM_DEV, 4, 0, 15),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Synth Playback Switch\",\n\t\t SB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2, SB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2, 4, 3, 1),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Synth Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DT019X_SYNTH_DEV, SB_DT019X_SYNTH_DEV, 4, 0, 15),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"CD Playback Switch\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, 2, 1, 1),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"CD Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DT019X_CD_DEV, SB_DT019X_CD_DEV, 4, 0, 15),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Mic Playback Switch\", SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, 0, 1),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Mic Playback Volume\", SB_DT019X_MIC_DEV, 4, 7),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Beep Volume\", SB_DT019X_SPKR_DEV, 0, 7),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Line Playback Switch\",\n\t\t SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, 4, 3, 1),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Line Playback Volume\",\n\t\t SB_DT019X_LINE_DEV, SB_DT019X_LINE_DEV, 4, 0, 15),\n\t{\n\t\t.name = \"Capture Source\",\n\t\t.type = SB_MIX_CAPTURE_DT019X\n\t}\n};\n\nstatic unsigned char snd_dt019x_init_values[][2] = {\n { SB_DT019X_MASTER_DEV, 0 },\n { SB_DT019X_PCM_DEV, 0 },\n { SB_DT019X_SYNTH_DEV, 0 },\n { SB_DT019X_CD_DEV, 0 },\n { SB_DT019X_MIC_DEV, 0 },\t/* Includes PC-speaker in high nibble */\n { SB_DT019X_LINE_DEV, 0 },\n { SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, 0 },\n { SB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2, 0 },\n { SB_DT019X_CAPTURE_SW, 0x06 },\n};\n\n/*\n * ALS4000 specific mixer elements\n */\nstatic struct sbmix_elem snd_als4000_controls[] = {\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"PCM Playback Switch\",\n\t\t SB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2, SB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2, 2, 1, 1),\n\tSB_DOUBLE(\"Synth Playback Switch\",\n\t\t SB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2, SB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2, 4, 3, 1),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Mic Boost (+20dB)\", SB_ALS4000_MIC_IN_GAIN, 0, 0x03),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Master Mono Playback Switch\", SB_ALS4000_MONO_IO_CTRL, 5, 1),\n\t{\n\t\t.name = \"Master Mono Capture Route\",\n\t\t.type = SB_MIX_MONO_CAPTURE_ALS4K\n\t},\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Mono Playback Switch\", SB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2, 0, 1),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Analog Loopback Switch\", SB_ALS4000_MIC_IN_GAIN, 7, 0x01),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"3D Control - Switch\", SB_ALS4000_3D_SND_FX, 6, 0x01),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Digital Loopback Switch\",\n\t\t SB_ALS4000_CR3_CONFIGURATION, 7, 0x01),\n\t/* FIXME: functionality of 3D controls might be swapped, I didn't find\n\t * a description of how to identify what is supposed to be what */\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"3D Control - Level\", SB_ALS4000_3D_SND_FX, 0, 0x07),\n\t/* FIXME: maybe there's actually some standard 3D ctrl name for it?? */", "\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"3D Control - Freq\", SB_ALS4000_3D_SND_FX, 4, 0x03),\n\t/* FIXME: ALS4000a.pdf mentions BBD (Bucket Brigade Device) time delay,\n\t * but what ALSA 3D attribute is that actually? \"", "Center\", \"Depth\",\n\t * \"Wide\" or \"Space\" or even \"Level\"? ", "Assuming \"Wide\" for now... */\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"3D Control - Wide\", SB_ALS4000_3D_TIME_DELAY, 0, 0x0f),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"3D PowerOff Switch\", SB_ALS4000_3D_TIME_DELAY, 4, 0x01),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"Master Playback 8kHz / 20kHz LPF Switch\",\n\t\t SB_ALS4000_FMDAC, 5, 0x01),\n#ifdef NOT_AVAILABLE\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"FMDAC Switch (Option ?)\", ", "SB_ALS4000_FMDAC, 0, 0x01),\n\tSB_SINGLE(\"QSound Mode\", SB_ALS4000_QSOUND, 1, 0x1f),\n#endif\n};\n\nstatic unsigned char snd_als4000_init_values[][2] = {\n\t{ SB_DSP4_MASTER_DEV + 0, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_MASTER_DEV + 1, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_PCM_DEV + 0, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_PCM_DEV + 1, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_SYNTH_DEV + 0, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_SYNTH_DEV + 1, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_SPEAKER_DEV, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_INPUT_LEFT, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DSP4_INPUT_RIGHT, 0 },\n\t{ SB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2, 0 },\n\t{ SB_ALS4000_MIC_IN_GAIN, 0 },\n};\n\n/*\n */\nstatic int snd_sbmixer_init(struct snd_sb *chip,\n\t\t\t struct sbmix_elem *controls,\n\t\t\t int controls_count,\n\t\t\t unsigned char map[][2],\n\t\t\t int map_count,\n\t\t\t char *name)\n{\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\tstruct snd_card *card = chip->card;\n\tint idx, err;\n\n\t/* mixer reset */\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&chip->mixer_lock, flags);\n\tsnd_sbmixer_write(chip, 0x00, 0x00);\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->mixer_lock, flags);\n\n\t/* mute and zero volume channels */\n\tfor (idx = 0; idx < map_count; idx++) {\n\t\tspin_lock_irqsave(&chip->mixer_lock, flags);\n\t\tsnd_sbmixer_write(chip, map[idx][0], map[idx][1]);\n\t\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->mixer_lock, flags);\n\t}\n\n\tfor (idx = 0; idx < controls_count; idx++) {\n\t\terr = snd_sbmixer_add_ctl_elem(chip, &controls[idx]);\n\t\tif (err < 0)\n\t\t\treturn err;\n\t}\n\tsnd_component_add(card, name);\n\tstrcpy(card->mixername, name);\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nint snd_sbmixer_new(struct snd_sb *chip)\n{\n\tstruct snd_card *card;\n\tint err;\n\n\tif (snd_BUG_ON(!chip || !", "chip->card))\n\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\n\tcard = chip->card;\n\n\tswitch (chip->hardware) {\n\tcase SB_HW_10:\n\t\treturn 0; /* no mixer chip on SB1.x */\n\tcase SB_HW_20:\n\tcase SB_HW_201:\n\t\tif ((err = snd_sbmixer_init(chip,\n\t\t\t\t\t snd_sb20_controls,\n\t\t\t\t\t ARRAY_SIZE(snd_sb20_controls),\n\t\t\t\t\t snd_sb20_init_values,\n\t\t\t\t\t ARRAY_SIZE(snd_sb20_init_values),\n\t\t\t\t\t \"CTL1335\")) < 0)\n\t\t\treturn err;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_HW_PRO:\n\tcase SB_HW_JAZZ16:\n\t\tif ((err = snd_sbmixer_init(chip,\n\t\t\t\t\t snd_sbpro_controls,\n\t\t\t\t\t ARRAY_SIZE(snd_sbpro_controls),\n\t\t\t\t\t snd_sbpro_init_values,\n\t\t\t\t\t ARRAY_SIZE(snd_sbpro_init_values),\n\t\t\t\t\t \"CTL1345\")) < 0)\n\t\t\treturn err;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_HW_16:\n\tcase SB_HW_ALS100:\n\tcase SB_HW_CS5530:\n\t\tif ((err = snd_sbmixer_init(chip,\n\t\t\t\t\t snd_sb16_controls,\n\t\t\t\t\t ARRAY_SIZE(snd_sb16_controls),\n\t\t\t\t\t snd_sb16_init_values,\n\t\t\t\t\t ARRAY_SIZE(snd_sb16_init_values),\n\t\t\t\t\t \"CTL1745\")) < 0)\n\t\t\treturn err;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_HW_ALS4000:\n\t\t/* use only the first 16 controls from SB16 */\n\t\terr = snd_sbmixer_init(chip,\n\t\t\t\t\tsnd_sb16_controls,\n\t\t\t\t\t16,\n\t\t\t\t\tsnd_sb16_init_values,\n\t\t\t\t\tARRAY_SIZE(snd_sb16_init_values),\n\t\t\t\t\t\"ALS4000\");\n\t\tif (err < 0)\n\t\t\treturn err;\n\t\tif ((err = snd_sbmixer_init(chip,\n\t\t\t\t\t snd_als4000_controls,\n\t\t\t\t\t ARRAY_SIZE(snd_als4000_controls),\n\t\t\t\t\t snd_als4000_init_values,\n\t\t\t\t\t ARRAY_SIZE(snd_als4000_init_values),\n\t\t\t\t\t \"ALS4000\")) < 0)\n\t\t\treturn err;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_HW_DT019X:\n\t\terr = snd_sbmixer_init(chip,\n\t\t\t\t snd_dt019x_controls,\n\t\t\t\t ARRAY_SIZE(snd_dt019x_controls),\n\t\t\t\t snd_dt019x_init_values,\n\t\t\t\t ARRAY_SIZE(snd_dt019x_init_values),\n\t\t\t\t \"DT019X\");\n\t\tif (err < 0)\n\t\t\treturn err;\n\t\tbreak;\n\tdefault:\n\t\tstrcpy(card->mixername, \"???\");", "\n\t}\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\n#ifdef CONFIG_PM\nstatic unsigned char sb20_saved_regs[] = {\n\tSB_DSP20_MASTER_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP20_PCM_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP20_FM_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP20_CD_DEV,\n};\n\nstatic unsigned char sbpro_saved_regs[] = {\n\tSB_DSP_MASTER_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP_PCM_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP_PLAYBACK_FILT,\n\tSB_DSP_FM_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP_CD_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP_LINE_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP_MIC_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP_CAPTURE_SOURCE,\n\tSB_DSP_CAPTURE_FILT,\n};\n\nstatic unsigned char sb16_saved_regs[] = {\n\tSB_DSP4_MASTER_DEV, SB_DSP4_MASTER_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_3DSE,\n\tSB_DSP4_BASS_DEV, SB_DSP4_BASS_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_TREBLE_DEV, SB_DSP4_TREBLE_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_PCM_DEV, SB_DSP4_PCM_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_INPUT_LEFT, SB_DSP4_INPUT_RIGHT,\n\tSB_DSP4_SYNTH_DEV, SB_DSP4_SYNTH_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW,\n\tSB_DSP4_CD_DEV, SB_DSP4_CD_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_LINE_DEV, SB_DSP4_LINE_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_MIC_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP4_SPEAKER_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP4_IGAIN_DEV, SB_DSP4_IGAIN_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_OGAIN_DEV, SB_DSP4_OGAIN_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_MIC_AGC\n};\n\nstatic unsigned char dt019x_saved_regs[] = {\n\tSB_DT019X_MASTER_DEV,\n\tSB_DT019X_PCM_DEV,\n\tSB_DT019X_SYNTH_DEV,\n\tSB_DT019X_CD_DEV,\n\tSB_DT019X_MIC_DEV,\n\tSB_DT019X_SPKR_DEV,\n\tSB_DT019X_LINE_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW,\n\tSB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2,\n\tSB_DT019X_CAPTURE_SW,\n};\n\nstatic unsigned char als4000_saved_regs[] = {\n\t/* please verify in dsheet whether regs to be added\n\t are actually real H/W or just dummy */\n\tSB_DSP4_MASTER_DEV, SB_DSP4_MASTER_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW,\n\tSB_DSP4_PCM_DEV, SB_DSP4_PCM_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_INPUT_LEFT, SB_DSP4_INPUT_RIGHT,\n\tSB_DSP4_SYNTH_DEV, SB_DSP4_SYNTH_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_CD_DEV, SB_DSP4_CD_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_MIC_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP4_SPEAKER_DEV,\n\tSB_DSP4_IGAIN_DEV, SB_DSP4_IGAIN_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DSP4_OGAIN_DEV, SB_DSP4_OGAIN_DEV + 1,\n\tSB_DT019X_OUTPUT_SW2,\n\tSB_ALS4000_MONO_IO_CTRL,\n\tSB_ALS4000_MIC_IN_GAIN,\n\tSB_ALS4000_FMDAC,\n\tSB_ALS4000_3D_SND_FX,\n\tSB_ALS4000_3D_TIME_DELAY,\n\tSB_ALS4000_CR3_CONFIGURATION,\n};\n\nstatic void save_mixer(struct snd_sb *chip, unsigned char *regs, int num_regs)\n{\n\tunsigned char *val = chip->saved_regs;\n\tif (snd_BUG_ON(num_regs > ARRAY_SIZE(chip->saved_regs)))\n\t\treturn;\n\tfor (; num_regs; num_regs--)\n\t\t*val++ = snd_sbmixer_read(chip, *regs++);\n}\n\nstatic void restore_mixer(struct snd_sb *chip, unsigned char *regs, int num_regs)\n{\n\tunsigned char *val = chip->saved_regs;\n\tif (snd_BUG_ON(num_regs > ARRAY_SIZE(chip->saved_regs)))\n\t\treturn;\n\tfor (; num_regs; num_regs--)\n\t\tsnd_sbmixer_write(chip, *regs++, *val++);\n}\n\nvoid snd_sbmixer_suspend(struct snd_sb *chip)\n{\n\tswitch (chip->hardware) {\n\tcase SB_HW_20:\n\tcase SB_HW_201:\n\t\tsave_mixer(chip, sb20_saved_regs, ARRAY_SIZE(sb20_saved_regs));\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_HW_PRO:\n\tcase SB_HW_JAZZ16:\n\t\tsave_mixer(chip, sbpro_saved_regs, ARRAY_SIZE(sbpro_saved_regs));\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_HW_16:\n\tcase SB_HW_ALS100:\n\tcase SB_HW_CS5530:\n\t\tsave_mixer(chip, sb16_saved_regs, ARRAY_SIZE(sb16_saved_regs));\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_HW_ALS4000:\n\t\tsave_mixer(chip, als4000_saved_regs, ARRAY_SIZE(als4000_saved_regs));\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_HW_DT019X:\n\t\tsave_mixer(chip, dt019x_saved_regs, ARRAY_SIZE(dt019x_saved_regs));\n\t\tbreak;\n\tdefault:\n\t\tbreak;\n\t}\n}\n\nvoid snd_sbmixer_resume(struct snd_sb *chip)\n{\n\tswitch (chip->hardware) {\n\tcase SB_HW_20:\n\tcase SB_HW_201:\n\t\trestore_mixer(chip, sb20_saved_regs, ARRAY_SIZE(sb20_saved_regs));\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_HW_PRO:\n\tcase SB_HW_JAZZ16:\n\t\trestore_mixer(chip, sbpro_saved_regs, ARRAY_SIZE(sbpro_saved_regs));\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_HW_16:\n\tcase SB_HW_ALS100:\n\tcase SB_HW_CS5530:\n\t\trestore_mixer(chip, sb16_saved_regs, ARRAY_SIZE(sb16_saved_regs));\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_HW_ALS4000:\n\t\trestore_mixer(chip, als4000_saved_regs, ARRAY_SIZE(als4000_saved_regs));\n\t\tbreak;\n\tcase SB_HW_DT019X:\n\t\trestore_mixer(chip, dt019x_saved_regs, ARRAY_SIZE(dt019x_saved_regs));\n\t\tbreak;\n\tdefault:\n\t\tbreak;\n\t}\n}\n#endif\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.000659778481349349, 0.000637053104583174, 0.0005785227986052632, 0.0011747482931241393, 0.005969723220914602, 0.001221814309246838, 0.006072305608540773, 0.0018348562298342586, 0.001735003781504929, 0.0018923961324617267, 0.0007739231805317104, 0.0023625146131962538, 0.0029391758143901825, 0.002998391631990671, 0.0025207779835909605, 0.002160032046958804, 0.003411300014704466, 0.0009951763786375523, 0.0011144912568852305, 0.0006198475603014231, 0.0006621187785640359, 0.0006241712835617363, 0.0029942207038402557, 0.000966035237070173, 0.00742203276604414 ]

[ "/*\n * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.", "\n */\n\npackage com.android.dx.cf.code;\n\nimport com.android.dx.rop.cst.", "Constant;\nimport com.android.dx.rop.cst.", "ConstantPool;\nimport com.android.dx.rop.cst.", "CstDouble;\nimport com.android.dx.rop.cst.", "CstFloat;\nimport com.android.dx.rop.cst.", "CstInteger;\nimport com.android.dx.rop.cst.", "CstInvokeDynamic;\nimport com.android.dx.rop.cst.", "CstKnownNull;\nimport com.android.dx.rop.cst.", "CstLiteralBits;\nimport com.android.dx.rop.cst.", "CstLong;\nimport com.android.dx.rop.cst.", "CstType;\nimport com.android.dx.rop.type.", "Type;\nimport com.android.dx.util.", "Bits;\nimport com.android.dx.util.", "ByteArray;\nimport com.android.dx.util.", "Hex;\nimport java.util.", "ArrayList;\n\n/**\n * Bytecode array, which is part of a standard {@code Code} attribute.", "\n */\npublic final class BytecodeArray {\n /** convenient no-op implementation of {@link Visitor} */\n public static final Visitor EMPTY_VISITOR = new BaseVisitor();\n\n /** {@code non-null;} underlying bytes */\n private final ByteArray bytes;\n\n /**\n * {@code non-null;} constant pool to use when resolving constant\n * pool indices\n */\n private final ConstantPool pool;\n\n /**\n * Constructs an instance.", "\n *\n * @param bytes {@code non-null;} underlying bytes\n * @param pool {@code non-null;} constant pool to use when\n * resolving constant pool indices\n */\n public BytecodeArray(ByteArray bytes, ConstantPool pool) {\n if (bytes == null) {\n throw new NullPointerException(\"bytes == null\");\n }\n\n if (pool == null) {\n throw new NullPointerException(\"pool == null\");\n }\n\n this.bytes = bytes;\n this.pool = pool;\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets the underlying byte array.", "\n *\n * @return {@code non-null;} the byte array\n */\n public ByteArray getBytes() {\n return bytes;\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets the size of the bytecode array, per se.", "\n *\n * @return {@code >= 0;} the length of the bytecode array\n */\n public int size() {\n return bytes.size();\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets the total length of this structure in bytes, when included in\n * a {@code Code} attribute. ", "The returned value includes the\n * array size plus four bytes for {@code code_length}.", "\n *\n * @return {@code >= 4;} the total length, in bytes\n */\n public int byteLength() {\n return 4 + bytes.size();\n }\n\n /**\n * Parses each instruction in the array, in order.", "\n *\n * @param visitor {@code null-ok;} visitor to call back to for\n * each instruction\n */\n public void forEach(Visitor visitor) {\n int sz = bytes.size();\n int at = 0;\n\n while (at < sz) {\n /*\n * Don't record the previous offset here, so that we get to see the\n * raw code that initializes the array\n */\n at += parseInstruction(at, visitor);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Finds the offset to each instruction in the bytecode array. ", "The\n * result is a bit set with the offset of each opcode-per-se flipped on.", "\n *\n * @see Bits\n * @return {@code non-null;} appropriately constructed bit set\n */\n public int[] getInstructionOffsets() {\n int sz = bytes.size();\n int[] result = Bits.makeBitSet(sz);\n int at = 0;\n\n while (at < sz) {\n Bits.set(result, at, true);\n int length = parseInstruction(at, null);\n at += length;\n }\n\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Processes the given \"work set\" by repeatedly finding the lowest bit\n * in the set, clearing it, and parsing and visiting the instruction at\n * the indicated offset (that is, the bit index), repeating until the\n * work set is empty. ", "It is expected that the visitor will regularly\n * set new bits in the work set during the process.", "\n *\n * @param workSet {@code non-null;} the work set to process\n * @param visitor {@code non-null;} visitor to call back to for\n * each instruction\n */\n public void processWorkSet(int[] workSet, Visitor visitor) {\n if (visitor == null) {\n throw new NullPointerException(\"visitor == null\");\n }\n\n for (;;) {\n int offset = Bits.findFirst(workSet, 0);\n if (offset < 0) {\n break;\n }\n Bits.clear(workSet, offset);\n parseInstruction(offset, visitor);\n visitor.setPreviousOffset(offset);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Parses the instruction at the indicated offset. ", "Indicate the\n * result by calling the visitor if supplied and by returning the\n * number of bytes consumed by the instruction.", "\n *\n * <p>In order to simplify further processing, the opcodes passed\n * to the visitor are canonicalized, altering the opcode to a more\n * universal one and making formerly implicit arguments\n * explicit. ", "In particular:</p>\n *\n * <ul>\n * <li>The opcodes to push literal constants of primitive types all become\n * {@code ldc}.", "\n * E.g., {@code fconst_0}, {@code sipush}, and\n * {@code lconst_0} qualify for this treatment.</li>\n * <li>{@code aconst_null} becomes {@code ldc} of a\n * \"known null.", "\"</li>\n * <li>Shorthand local variable accessors become the corresponding\n * longhand. ", "E.g. {@code aload_2} becomes {@code aload}.</li>\n * <li>{@code goto_w} and {@code jsr_w} become {@code goto}\n * and {@code jsr} (respectively).</li>\n * <li>{@code ldc_w} becomes {@code ldc}.</li>\n * <li>{@code tableswitch} becomes {@code lookupswitch}.", "\n * <li>Arithmetic, array, and value-returning ops are collapsed\n * to the {@code int} variant opcode, with the {@code type}\n * argument set to indicate the actual type. ", "E.g.,\n * {@code fadd} becomes {@code iadd}, but\n * {@code type} is passed as {@code Type.", "FLOAT} in that\n * case. ", "Similarly, {@code areturn} becomes\n * {@code ireturn}. (", "However, {@code return} remains\n * unchanged.</li>\n * <li>Local variable access ops are collapsed to the {@code int}\n * variant opcode, with the {@code type} argument set to indicate\n * the actual type. ", "E.g., {@code aload} becomes {@code iload},\n * but {@code type} is passed as {@code Type.", "OBJECT} in\n * that case.</li>\n * <li>Numeric conversion ops ({@code i2l}, etc.) ", "are left alone\n * to avoid too much confustion, but their {@code type} is\n * the pushed type. ", "E.g., {@code i2b} gets type\n * {@code Type.", "INT}, and {@code f2d} gets type\n * {@code Type.", "DOUBLE}. ", "Other unaltered opcodes also get\n * their pushed type. ", "E.g., {@code arraylength} gets type\n * {@code Type.", "INT}.</li>\n * </ul>\n *\n * @param offset {@code >= 0, < bytes.size();} offset to the start of the\n * instruction\n * @param visitor {@code null-ok;} visitor to call back to\n * @return the length of the instruction, in bytes\n */\n public int parseInstruction(int offset, Visitor visitor) {\n if (visitor == null) {\n visitor = EMPTY_VISITOR;\n }\n\n try {\n int opcode = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset);\n int info = ByteOps.opInfo(opcode);\n int fmt = info & ByteOps.", "FMT_MASK;\n\n switch (opcode) {\n case ByteOps.", "NOP: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(opcode, offset, 1, Type.", "VOID);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ACONST_NULL: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstKnownNull.", "THE_ONE, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ICONST_M1: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstInteger.", "VALUE_M1, -1);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ICONST_0: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstInteger.", "VALUE_0, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ICONST_1: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstInteger.", "VALUE_1, 1);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ICONST_2: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstInteger.", "VALUE_2, 2);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ICONST_3: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstInteger.", "VALUE_3, 3);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ICONST_4: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstInteger.", "VALUE_4, 4);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ICONST_5: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstInteger.", "VALUE_5, 5);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LCONST_0: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstLong.", "VALUE_0, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LCONST_1: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstLong.", "VALUE_1, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FCONST_0: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstFloat.", "VALUE_0, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FCONST_1: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstFloat.", "VALUE_1, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FCONST_2: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstFloat.", "VALUE_2, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "DCONST_0: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstDouble.", "VALUE_0, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "DCONST_1: {\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 1,\n CstDouble.", "VALUE_1, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "BIPUSH: {\n int value = bytes.getByte(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 2,\n CstInteger.make(value), value);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "SIPUSH: {\n int value = bytes.getShort(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 3,\n CstInteger.make(value), value);\n return 3;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LDC: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n Constant cst = pool.get(idx);\n int value = (cst instanceof CstInteger) ?", "\n ((CstInteger) cst).getValue() : 0;\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 2, cst, value);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LDC_W: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedShort(offset + 1);\n Constant cst = pool.get(idx);\n int value = (cst instanceof CstInteger) ?", "\n ((CstInteger) cst).getValue() : 0;\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC, offset, 3, cst, value);\n return 3;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LDC2_W: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedShort(offset + 1);\n Constant cst = pool.get(idx);\n visitor.visitConstant(ByteOps.", "LDC2_W, offset, 3, cst, 0);\n return 3;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ILOAD: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 2, idx,\n Type.", "INT, 0);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LLOAD: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 2, idx,\n Type.", "LONG, 0);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FLOAD: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 2, idx,\n Type.", "FLOAT, 0);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "DLOAD: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 2, idx,\n Type.", "DOUBLE, 0);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ALOAD: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 2, idx,\n Type.", "OBJECT, 0);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ILOAD_0:\n case ByteOps.", "ILOAD_1:\n case ByteOps.", "ILOAD_2:\n case ByteOps.", "ILOAD_3: {\n int idx = opcode - ByteOps.", "ILOAD_0;\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 1, idx,\n Type.", "INT, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LLOAD_0:\n case ByteOps.", "LLOAD_1:\n case ByteOps.", "LLOAD_2:\n case ByteOps.", "LLOAD_3: {\n int idx = opcode - ByteOps.", "LLOAD_0;\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 1, idx,\n Type.", "LONG, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FLOAD_0:\n case ByteOps.", "FLOAD_1:\n case ByteOps.", "FLOAD_2:\n case ByteOps.", "FLOAD_3: {\n int idx = opcode - ByteOps.", "FLOAD_0;\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 1, idx,\n Type.", "FLOAT, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "DLOAD_0:\n case ByteOps.", "DLOAD_1:\n case ByteOps.", "DLOAD_2:\n case ByteOps.", "DLOAD_3: {\n int idx = opcode - ByteOps.", "DLOAD_0;\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 1, idx,\n Type.", "DOUBLE, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ALOAD_0:\n case ByteOps.", "ALOAD_1:\n case ByteOps.", "ALOAD_2:\n case ByteOps.", "ALOAD_3: {\n int idx = opcode - ByteOps.", "ALOAD_0;\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 1, idx,\n Type.", "OBJECT, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "IALOAD: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IALOAD, offset, 1, Type.", "INT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LALOAD: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IALOAD, offset, 1, Type.", "LONG);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FALOAD: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IALOAD, offset, 1,\n Type.", "FLOAT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "DALOAD: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IALOAD, offset, 1,\n Type.", "DOUBLE);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "AALOAD: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IALOAD, offset, 1,\n Type.", "OBJECT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "BALOAD: {\n /*\n * Note: This is a load from either a byte[] or a\n * boolean[].", "\n */\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IALOAD, offset, 1, Type.", "BYTE);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "CALOAD: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IALOAD, offset, 1, Type.", "CHAR);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "SALOAD: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IALOAD, offset, 1,\n Type.", "SHORT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ISTORE: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 2, idx,\n Type.", "INT, 0);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LSTORE: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 2, idx,\n Type.", "LONG, 0);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FSTORE: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 2, idx,\n Type.", "FLOAT, 0);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "DSTORE: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 2, idx,\n Type.", "DOUBLE, 0);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ASTORE: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 2, idx,\n Type.", "OBJECT, 0);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ISTORE_0:\n case ByteOps.", "ISTORE_1:\n case ByteOps.", "ISTORE_2:\n case ByteOps.", "ISTORE_3: {\n int idx = opcode - ByteOps.", "ISTORE_0;\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 1, idx,\n Type.", "INT, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LSTORE_0:\n case ByteOps.", "LSTORE_1:\n case ByteOps.", "LSTORE_2:\n case ByteOps.", "LSTORE_3: {\n int idx = opcode - ByteOps.", "LSTORE_0;\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 1, idx,\n Type.", "LONG, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FSTORE_0:\n case ByteOps.", "FSTORE_1:\n case ByteOps.", "FSTORE_2:\n case ByteOps.", "FSTORE_3: {\n int idx = opcode - ByteOps.", "FSTORE_0;\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 1, idx,\n Type.", "FLOAT, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "DSTORE_0:\n case ByteOps.", "DSTORE_1:\n case ByteOps.", "DSTORE_2:\n case ByteOps.", "DSTORE_3: {\n int idx = opcode - ByteOps.", "DSTORE_0;\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 1, idx,\n Type.", "DOUBLE, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ASTORE_0:\n case ByteOps.", "ASTORE_1:\n case ByteOps.", "ASTORE_2:\n case ByteOps.", "ASTORE_3: {\n int idx = opcode - ByteOps.", "ASTORE_0;\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 1, idx,\n Type.", "OBJECT, 0);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "IASTORE: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IASTORE, offset, 1, Type.", "INT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LASTORE: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IASTORE, offset, 1,\n Type.", "LONG);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FASTORE: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IASTORE, offset, 1,\n Type.", "FLOAT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "DASTORE: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IASTORE, offset, 1,\n Type.", "DOUBLE);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "AASTORE: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IASTORE, offset, 1,\n Type.", "OBJECT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "BASTORE: {\n /*\n * Note: This is a load from either a byte[] or a\n * boolean[].", "\n */\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IASTORE, offset, 1,\n Type.", "BYTE);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "CASTORE: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IASTORE, offset, 1,\n Type.", "CHAR);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "SASTORE: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IASTORE, offset, 1,\n Type.", "SHORT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "POP:\n case ByteOps.", "POP2:\n case ByteOps.", "DUP:\n case ByteOps.", "DUP_X1:\n case ByteOps.", "DUP_X2:\n case ByteOps.", "DUP2:\n case ByteOps.", "DUP2_X1:\n case ByteOps.", "DUP2_X2:\n case ByteOps.", "SWAP: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(opcode, offset, 1, Type.", "VOID);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "IADD:\n case ByteOps.", "ISUB:\n case ByteOps.", "IMUL:\n case ByteOps.", "IDIV:\n case ByteOps.", "IREM:\n case ByteOps.", "INEG:\n case ByteOps.", "ISHL:\n case ByteOps.", "ISHR:\n case ByteOps.", "IUSHR:\n case ByteOps.", "IAND:\n case ByteOps.", "IOR:\n case ByteOps.", "IXOR: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(opcode, offset, 1, Type.", "INT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LADD:\n case ByteOps.", "LSUB:\n case ByteOps.", "LMUL:\n case ByteOps.", "LDIV:\n case ByteOps.", "LREM:\n case ByteOps.", "LNEG:\n case ByteOps.", "LSHL:\n case ByteOps.", "LSHR:\n case ByteOps.", "LUSHR:\n case ByteOps.", "LAND:\n case ByteOps.", "LOR:\n case ByteOps.", "LXOR: {\n /*\n * It's \"opcode - 1\" because, conveniently enough, all\n * these long ops are one past the int variants.", "\n */\n visitor.visitNoArgs(opcode - 1, offset, 1, Type.", "LONG);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FADD:\n case ByteOps.", "FSUB:\n case ByteOps.", "FMUL:\n case ByteOps.", "FDIV:\n case ByteOps.", "FREM:\n case ByteOps.", "FNEG: {\n /*\n * It's \"opcode - 2\" because, conveniently enough, all\n * these float ops are two past the int variants.", "\n */\n visitor.visitNoArgs(opcode - 2, offset, 1, Type.", "FLOAT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "DADD:\n case ByteOps.", "DSUB:\n case ByteOps.", "DMUL:\n case ByteOps.", "DDIV:\n case ByteOps.", "DREM:\n case ByteOps.", "DNEG: {\n /*\n * It's \"opcode - 3\" because, conveniently enough, all\n * these double ops are three past the int variants.", "\n */\n visitor.visitNoArgs(opcode - 3, offset, 1, Type.", "DOUBLE);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "IINC: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n int value = bytes.getByte(offset + 2);\n visitor.visitLocal(opcode, offset, 3, idx,\n Type.", "INT, value);\n return 3;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "I2L:\n case ByteOps.", "F2L:\n case ByteOps.", "D2L: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(opcode, offset, 1, Type.", "LONG);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "I2F:\n case ByteOps.", "L2F:\n case ByteOps.", "D2F: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(opcode, offset, 1, Type.", "FLOAT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "I2D:\n case ByteOps.", "L2D:\n case ByteOps.", "F2D: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(opcode, offset, 1, Type.", "DOUBLE);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "L2I:\n case ByteOps.", "F2I:\n case ByteOps.", "D2I:\n case ByteOps.", "I2B:\n case ByteOps.", "I2C:\n case ByteOps.", "I2S:\n case ByteOps.", "LCMP:\n case ByteOps.", "FCMPL:\n case ByteOps.", "FCMPG:\n case ByteOps.", "DCMPL:\n case ByteOps.", "DCMPG:\n case ByteOps.", "ARRAYLENGTH: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(opcode, offset, 1, Type.", "INT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "IFEQ:\n case ByteOps.", "IFNE:\n case ByteOps.", "IFLT:\n case ByteOps.", "IFGE:\n case ByteOps.", "IFGT:\n case ByteOps.", "IFLE:\n case ByteOps.", "IF_ICMPEQ:\n case ByteOps.", "IF_ICMPNE:\n case ByteOps.", "IF_ICMPLT:\n case ByteOps.", "IF_ICMPGE:\n case ByteOps.", "IF_ICMPGT:\n case ByteOps.", "IF_ICMPLE:\n case ByteOps.", "IF_ACMPEQ:\n case ByteOps.", "IF_ACMPNE:\n case ByteOps.", "GOTO:\n case ByteOps.", "JSR:\n case ByteOps.", "IFNULL:\n case ByteOps.", "IFNONNULL: {\n int target = offset + bytes.getShort(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitBranch(opcode, offset, 3, target);\n return 3;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "RET: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n visitor.visitLocal(opcode, offset, 2, idx,\n Type.", "RETURN_ADDRESS, 0);\n return 2;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "TABLESWITCH: {\n return parseTableswitch(offset, visitor);\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LOOKUPSWITCH: {\n return parseLookupswitch(offset, visitor);\n }\n case ByteOps.", "IRETURN: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IRETURN, offset, 1, Type.", "INT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LRETURN: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IRETURN, offset, 1,\n Type.", "LONG);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FRETURN: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IRETURN, offset, 1,\n Type.", "FLOAT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "DRETURN: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IRETURN, offset, 1,\n Type.", "DOUBLE);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ARETURN: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(ByteOps.", "IRETURN, offset, 1,\n Type.", "OBJECT);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "RETURN:\n case ByteOps.", "ATHROW:\n case ByteOps.", "MONITORENTER:\n case ByteOps.", "MONITOREXIT: {\n visitor.visitNoArgs(opcode, offset, 1, Type.", "VOID);\n return 1;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "GETSTATIC:\n case ByteOps.", "PUTSTATIC:\n case ByteOps.", "GETFIELD:\n case ByteOps.", "PUTFIELD:\n case ByteOps.", "INVOKEVIRTUAL:\n case ByteOps.", "INVOKESPECIAL:\n case ByteOps.", "INVOKESTATIC:\n case ByteOps.", "NEW:\n case ByteOps.", "ANEWARRAY:\n case ByteOps.", "CHECKCAST:\n case ByteOps.", "INSTANCEOF: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedShort(offset + 1);\n Constant cst = pool.get(idx);\n visitor.visitConstant(opcode, offset, 3, cst, 0);\n return 3;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "INVOKEINTERFACE: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedShort(offset + 1);\n int count = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 3);\n int expectZero = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 4);\n Constant cst = pool.get(idx);\n visitor.visitConstant(opcode, offset, 5, cst,\n count | (expectZero << 8));\n return 5;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "INVOKEDYNAMIC: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedShort(offset + 1);\n // Skip to must-be-zero bytes at offsets 3 and 4\n CstInvokeDynamic cstInvokeDynamic = (CstInvokeDynamic) pool.get(idx);\n visitor.visitConstant(opcode, offset, 5, cstInvokeDynamic, 0);\n return 5;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY: {\n return parseNewarray(offset, visitor);\n }\n case ByteOps.", "WIDE: {\n return parseWide(offset, visitor);\n }\n case ByteOps.", "MULTIANEWARRAY: {\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedShort(offset + 1);\n int dimensions = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 3);\n Constant cst = pool.get(idx);\n visitor.visitConstant(opcode, offset, 4, cst, dimensions);\n return 4;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "GOTO_W:\n case ByteOps.", "JSR_W: {\n int target = offset + bytes.getInt(offset + 1);\n int newop =\n (opcode == ByteOps.", "GOTO_W) ? ", "ByteOps.", "GOTO :\n ByteOps.", "JSR;\n visitor.visitBranch(newop, offset, 5, target);\n return 5;\n }\n default: {\n visitor.visitInvalid(opcode, offset, 1);\n return 1;\n }\n }\n } catch (SimException ex) {\n ex.addContext(\"...at bytecode offset \" + Hex.u4(offset));\n throw ex;\n } catch (RuntimeException ex) {\n SimException se = new SimException(ex);\n se.addContext(\"...at bytecode offset \" + Hex.u4(offset));\n throw se;\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Helper to deal with {@code tableswitch}.", "\n *\n * @param offset the offset to the {@code tableswitch} opcode itself\n * @param visitor {@code non-null;} visitor to use\n * @return instruction length, in bytes\n */\n private int parseTableswitch(int offset, Visitor visitor) {\n int at = (offset + 4) & ~3; // \"at\" skips the padding.", "\n\n // Collect the padding.", "\n int padding = 0;\n for (int i = offset + 1; i < at; i++) {\n padding = (padding << 8) | bytes.getUnsignedByte(i);\n }\n\n int defaultTarget = offset + bytes.getInt(at);\n int low = bytes.getInt(at + 4);\n int high = bytes.getInt(at + 8);\n int count = high - low + 1;\n at += 12;\n\n if (low > high) {\n throw new SimException(\"low / high inversion\");\n }\n\n SwitchList cases = new SwitchList(count);\n for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n int target = offset + bytes.getInt(at);\n at += 4;\n cases.add(low + i, target);\n }\n cases.setDefaultTarget(defaultTarget);\n cases.removeSuperfluousDefaults();\n cases.setImmutable();\n\n int length = at - offset;\n visitor.visitSwitch(ByteOps.", "LOOKUPSWITCH, offset, length, cases,\n padding);\n\n return length;\n }\n\n /**\n * Helper to deal with {@code lookupswitch}.", "\n *\n * @param offset the offset to the {@code lookupswitch} opcode itself\n * @param visitor {@code non-null;} visitor to use\n * @return instruction length, in bytes\n */\n private int parseLookupswitch(int offset, Visitor visitor) {\n int at = (offset + 4) & ~3; // \"at\" skips the padding.", "\n\n // Collect the padding.", "\n int padding = 0;\n for (int i = offset + 1; i < at; i++) {\n padding = (padding << 8) | bytes.getUnsignedByte(i);\n }\n\n int defaultTarget = offset + bytes.getInt(at);\n int npairs = bytes.getInt(at + 4);\n at += 8;\n\n SwitchList cases = new SwitchList(npairs);\n for (int i = 0; i < npairs; i++) {\n int match = bytes.getInt(at);\n int target = offset + bytes.getInt(at + 4);\n at += 8;\n cases.add(match, target);\n }\n cases.setDefaultTarget(defaultTarget);\n cases.removeSuperfluousDefaults();\n cases.setImmutable();\n\n int length = at - offset;\n visitor.visitSwitch(ByteOps.", "LOOKUPSWITCH, offset, length, cases,\n padding);\n\n return length;\n }\n\n /**\n * Helper to deal with {@code newarray}.", "\n *\n * @param offset the offset to the {@code newarray} opcode itself\n * @param visitor {@code non-null;} visitor to use\n * @return instruction length, in bytes\n */\n private int parseNewarray(int offset, Visitor visitor) {\n int value = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n CstType type;\n switch (value) {\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_BOOLEAN: {\n type = CstType.", "BOOLEAN_ARRAY;\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_CHAR: {\n type = CstType.", "CHAR_ARRAY;\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_DOUBLE: {\n type = CstType.", "DOUBLE_ARRAY;\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_FLOAT: {\n type = CstType.", "FLOAT_ARRAY;\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_BYTE: {\n type = CstType.", "BYTE_ARRAY;\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_SHORT: {\n type = CstType.", "SHORT_ARRAY;\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_INT: {\n type = CstType.", "INT_ARRAY;\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_LONG: {\n type = CstType.", "LONG_ARRAY;\n break;\n }\n default: {\n throw new SimException(\"bad newarray code \" +\n Hex.u1(value));\n }\n }\n\n // Revisit the previous bytecode to find out the length of the array\n int previousOffset = visitor.getPreviousOffset();\n ConstantParserVisitor constantVisitor = new ConstantParserVisitor();\n int arrayLength = 0;\n\n /*\n * For visitors that don't record the previous offset, -1 will be\n * seen here\n */\n if (previousOffset >= 0) {\n parseInstruction(previousOffset, constantVisitor);\n if (constantVisitor.cst instanceof CstInteger &&\n constantVisitor.length + previousOffset == offset) {\n arrayLength = constantVisitor.value;\n\n }\n }\n\n /*\n * Try to match the array initialization idiom. ", "For example, if the\n * subsequent code is initializing an int array, we are expecting the\n * following pattern repeatedly:\n * dup\n * push index\n * push value\n * *astore\n *\n * where the index value will be incrimented sequentially from 0 up.", "\n */\n int nInit = 0;\n int curOffset = offset+2;\n int lastOffset = curOffset;\n ArrayList<Constant> initVals = new ArrayList<Constant>();\n\n if (arrayLength !", "= 0) {\n while (true) {\n boolean punt = false;\n\n // First, check if the next bytecode is dup.", "\n int nextByte = bytes.getUnsignedByte(curOffset++);\n if (nextByte !", "= ByteOps.", "DUP)\n break;\n\n /*\n * Next, check if the expected array index is pushed to\n * the stack.", "\n */\n parseInstruction(curOffset, constantVisitor);\n if (constantVisitor.length == 0 ||\n !(", "constantVisitor.cst instanceof CstInteger) ||\n constantVisitor.value !", "= nInit)\n break;\n\n // Next, fetch the init value and record it.", "\n curOffset += constantVisitor.length;\n\n /*\n * Next, find out what kind of constant is pushed onto\n * the stack.", "\n */\n parseInstruction(curOffset, constantVisitor);\n if (constantVisitor.length == 0 ||\n !(", "constantVisitor.cst instanceof CstLiteralBits))\n break;\n\n curOffset += constantVisitor.length;\n initVals.add(constantVisitor.cst);\n\n nextByte = bytes.getUnsignedByte(curOffset++);\n // Now, check if the value is stored to the array properly.", "\n switch (value) {\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_BYTE:\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_BOOLEAN: {\n if (nextByte !", "= ByteOps.", "BASTORE) {\n punt = true;\n }\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_CHAR: {\n if (nextByte !", "= ByteOps.", "CASTORE) {\n punt = true;\n }\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_DOUBLE: {\n if (nextByte !", "= ByteOps.", "DASTORE) {\n punt = true;\n }\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_FLOAT: {\n if (nextByte !", "= ByteOps.", "FASTORE) {\n punt = true;\n }\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_SHORT: {\n if (nextByte !", "= ByteOps.", "SASTORE) {\n punt = true;\n }\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_INT: {\n if (nextByte !", "= ByteOps.", "IASTORE) {\n punt = true;\n }\n break;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "NEWARRAY_LONG: {\n if (nextByte !", "= ByteOps.", "LASTORE) {\n punt = true;\n }\n break;\n }\n default:\n punt = true;\n break;\n }\n if (punt) {\n break;\n }\n lastOffset = curOffset;\n nInit++;\n }\n }\n\n /*\n * For singleton arrays it is still more economical to\n * generate the aput.", "\n */\n if (nInit < 2 || nInit !", "= arrayLength) {\n visitor.visitNewarray(offset, 2, type, null);\n return 2;\n } else {\n visitor.visitNewarray(offset, lastOffset - offset, type, initVals);\n return lastOffset - offset;\n }\n }\n\n\n /**\n * Helper to deal with {@code wide}.", "\n *\n * @param offset the offset to the {@code wide} opcode itself\n * @param visitor {@code non-null;} visitor to use\n * @return instruction length, in bytes\n */\n private int parseWide(int offset, Visitor visitor) {\n int opcode = bytes.getUnsignedByte(offset + 1);\n int idx = bytes.getUnsignedShort(offset + 2);\n switch (opcode) {\n case ByteOps.", "ILOAD: {\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 4, idx,\n Type.", "INT, 0);\n return 4;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LLOAD: {\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 4, idx,\n Type.", "LONG, 0);\n return 4;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FLOAD: {\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 4, idx,\n Type.", "FLOAT, 0);\n return 4;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "DLOAD: {\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 4, idx,\n Type.", "DOUBLE, 0);\n return 4;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ALOAD: {\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ILOAD, offset, 4, idx,\n Type.", "OBJECT, 0);\n return 4;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ISTORE: {\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 4, idx,\n Type.", "INT, 0);\n return 4;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "LSTORE: {\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 4, idx,\n Type.", "LONG, 0);\n return 4;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "FSTORE: {\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 4, idx,\n Type.", "FLOAT, 0);\n return 4;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "DSTORE: {\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 4, idx,\n Type.", "DOUBLE, 0);\n return 4;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "ASTORE: {\n visitor.visitLocal(ByteOps.", "ISTORE, offset, 4, idx,\n Type.", "OBJECT, 0);\n return 4;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "RET: {\n visitor.visitLocal(opcode, offset, 4, idx,\n Type.", "RETURN_ADDRESS, 0);\n return 4;\n }\n case ByteOps.", "IINC: {\n int value = bytes.getShort(offset + 4);\n visitor.visitLocal(opcode, offset, 6, idx,\n Type.", "INT, value);\n return 6;\n }\n default: {\n visitor.visitInvalid(ByteOps.", "WIDE, offset, 1);\n return 1;\n }\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Instruction visitor interface.", "\n */\n public interface Visitor {\n /**\n * Visits an invalid instruction.", "\n *\n * @param opcode the opcode\n * @param offset offset to the instruction\n * @param length length of the instruction, in bytes\n */\n public void visitInvalid(int opcode, int offset, int length);\n\n /**\n * Visits an instruction which has no inline arguments\n * (implicit or explicit).", "\n *\n * @param opcode the opcode\n * @param offset offset to the instruction\n * @param length length of the instruction, in bytes\n * @param type {@code non-null;} type the instruction operates on\n */\n public void visitNoArgs(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n Type type);\n\n /**\n * Visits an instruction which has a local variable index argument.", "\n *\n * @param opcode the opcode\n * @param offset offset to the instruction\n * @param length length of the instruction, in bytes\n * @param idx the local variable index\n * @param type {@code non-null;} the type of the accessed value\n * @param value additional literal integer argument, if salient (i.e.,\n * for {@code iinc})\n */\n public void visitLocal(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n int idx, Type type, int value);\n\n /**\n * Visits an instruction which has a (possibly synthetic)\n * constant argument, and possibly also an\n * additional literal integer argument. ", "In the case of\n * {@code multianewarray}, the argument is the count of\n * dimensions. ", "In the case of {@code invokeinterface},\n * the argument is the parameter count or'ed with the\n * should-be-zero value left-shifted by 8. ", "In the case of entries\n * of type {@code int}, the {@code value} field always\n * holds the raw value (for convenience of clients).", "\n *\n * <p><b>Note:</b> In order to avoid giving it a barely-useful\n * visitor all its own, {@code newarray} also uses this\n * form, passing {@code value} as the array type code and\n * {@code cst} as a {@link CstType} instance\n * corresponding to the array type.</p>\n *\n * @param opcode the opcode\n * @param offset offset to the instruction\n * @param length length of the instruction, in bytes\n * @param cst {@code non-null;} the constant\n * @param value additional literal integer argument, if salient\n * (ignore if not)\n */\n public void visitConstant(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n Constant cst, int value);\n\n /**\n * Visits an instruction which has a branch target argument.", "\n *\n * @param opcode the opcode\n * @param offset offset to the instruction\n * @param length length of the instruction, in bytes\n * @param target the absolute (not relative) branch target\n */\n public void visitBranch(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n int target);\n\n /**\n * Visits a switch instruction.", "\n *\n * @param opcode the opcode\n * @param offset offset to the instruction\n * @param length length of the instruction, in bytes\n * @param cases {@code non-null;} list of (value, target)\n * pairs, plus the default target\n * @param padding the bytes found in the padding area (if any),\n * packed\n */\n public void visitSwitch(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n SwitchList cases, int padding);\n\n /**\n * Visits a newarray instruction.", "\n *\n * @param offset offset to the instruction\n * @param length length of the instruction, in bytes\n * @param type {@code non-null;} the type of the array\n * @param initVals {@code non-null;} list of bytecode offsets\n * for init values\n */\n public void visitNewarray(int offset, int length, CstType type,\n ArrayList<Constant> initVals);\n\n /**\n * Set previous bytecode offset\n * @param offset offset of the previous fully parsed bytecode\n */\n public void setPreviousOffset(int offset);\n\n /**\n * Get previous bytecode offset\n * @return return the recored offset of the previous bytecode\n */\n public int getPreviousOffset();\n }\n\n /**\n * Base implementation of {@link Visitor}, which has empty method\n * bodies for all methods.", "\n */\n public static class BaseVisitor implements Visitor {\n\n /** offset of the previously parsed bytecode */\n private int previousOffset;\n\n BaseVisitor() {\n previousOffset = -1;\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitInvalid(int opcode, int offset, int length) {\n // This space intentionally left blank.", "\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitNoArgs(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n Type type) {\n // This space intentionally left blank.", "\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitLocal(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n int idx, Type type, int value) {\n // This space intentionally left blank.", "\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitConstant(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n Constant cst, int value) {\n // This space intentionally left blank.", "\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitBranch(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n int target) {\n // This space intentionally left blank.", "\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitSwitch(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n SwitchList cases, int padding) {\n // This space intentionally left blank.", "\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitNewarray(int offset, int length, CstType type,\n ArrayList<Constant> initValues) {\n // This space intentionally left blank.", "\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void setPreviousOffset(int offset) {\n previousOffset = offset;\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public int getPreviousOffset() {\n return previousOffset;\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Implementation of {@link Visitor}, which just pays attention\n * to constant values.", "\n */\n class ConstantParserVisitor extends BaseVisitor {\n Constant cst;\n int length;\n int value;\n\n /** Empty constructor */\n ConstantParserVisitor() {\n }\n\n private void clear() {\n length = 0;\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitInvalid(int opcode, int offset, int length) {\n clear();\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitNoArgs(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n Type type) {\n clear();\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitLocal(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n int idx, Type type, int value) {\n clear();\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitConstant(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n Constant cst, int value) {\n this.cst = cst;\n this.length = length;\n this.value = value;\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitBranch(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n int target) {\n clear();\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitSwitch(int opcode, int offset, int length,\n SwitchList cases, int padding) {\n clear();\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void visitNewarray(int offset, int length, CstType type,\n ArrayList<Constant> initVals) {\n clear();\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public void setPreviousOffset(int offset) {\n // Intentionally left empty\n }\n\n /** {@inheritDoc} */\n @Override\n public int getPreviousOffset() {\n // Intentionally left empty\n return -1;\n }\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nXSLT for dynamic XML Dynamic Nesting\n\nI have a script that creates XML documents dynamically. ", "That means the children-depth is unknown. ", "Is it possible to create XSLT for a dynamically XML document when children level is unknown?", "\nExample#1: \n<root>\n <object type=\"set\">\n <name>Test1</name>\n <object type=\"set\">\n <name>Test11</name>\n </object>\n </object>\n\n <object type=\"set\">\n <name>Test2</name>\n </object>\n</root>\n\nOutput#1:\n<html>\n <body>\n <div>Test1\n <div>Test11</div>\n </div>\n <div>Test2</div>\n </body>\n</html>\n\nExample#2 (children change):\n<root>\n <object type=\"set\">\n <name>Test1</name>\n <object type=\"set\">\n <name>Test11</name>\n <object type=\"set\">\n <name>Test111</name>\n </object>\n </object>\n </object>\n\n <object type=\"set\">\n <name>Test2</name>\n <object type=\"set\">\n <name>Test22</name>\n </object>\n </object>\n</root>\n\nOutput#2:\n<html>\n <body>\n <div>Test1\n <div>Test11\n <div>Test111</div>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div>Test2\n <div>Test22</div>\n </div>\n </body>\n</html>\n\nA:\n\nThis should give you the desired results:\n<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?", ">\n<xsl:stylesheet version=\"1.0\" xmlns:xsl=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform\">\n <xsl:output method=\"xml\" indent=\"yes\"/>\n\n <xsl:template match=\"/\">\n <html>\n <body>\n <xsl:apply-templates />\n </body>\n </html>\n </xsl:template>\n\n <xsl:template match=\"object\">\n <div>\n <xsl:value-of select=\"./name\"/>\n <xsl:apply-templates />\n </div>\n </xsl:template>\n\n <xsl:template match=\"name\" />\n\n</xsl:stylesheet>\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nStyling a Textblock autogenerated in a ContentPresenter\n\nAs I saw, a lot of people ran into this exact problem but I can't understand why my case is not working and it is starting to drive me crazy.", "\nContext: I have a DataGrid which is to be colored according to the values of each cell. ", "Hence, I have a dynamic style resolving the actual template to be used for each cell. ", "Backgrounds now work accordingly.", "\nNew problem: when I have a dark background, I want the font color to be white and the font weight to be bold so the text is correctly readable. ", "And... I can't style it correctly.", "\nI read some Stackoverflow posts about that:\nThis one fits my problem but doesn't provide me any working solution\nThis one is also clear and detail but... duh\nThis is almost the same problem as me but... Solution does not work\nHere is what I tried so far:\n<!-- ", "Green template-->\n <ControlTemplate x:Key=\"Green\" TargetType=\"{x:Type tk:DataGridCell}\">\n <Grid Background=\"Green\">\n <ContentPresenter\n HorizontalAlignment=\"Center\"\n VerticalAlignment=\"Center\">\n <ContentPresenter.", "Resources>\n <Style BasedOn=\"{StaticResource BoldCellStyle}\" TargetType=\"{x:Type TextBlock}\" />\n </ContentPresenter.", "Resources>\n </ContentPresenter>\n </Grid>\n </ControlTemplate>\n\nDoes not work. ", "Background is green, but text stays in black & not bold.", "\nBTW, the BoldCellStyle is as easy as it can be:\n<Style x:Key=\"BoldCellStyle\" TargetType=\"{x:Type TextBlock}\">\n <Setter Property=\"FontWeight\" Value=\"Bold\"/>\n <Setter Property=\"Foreground\" Value=\"White\" />\n</Style>\n\nOkay. ", "Second try (which is a real stupid one but well...)\n<!-- ", "Green template -->\n <ControlTemplate x:Key=\"Green\" TargetType=\"{x:Type tk:DataGridCell}\">\n <Grid Background=\"Green\">\n <ContentPresenter\n HorizontalAlignment=\"Center\"\n VerticalAlignment=\"Center\">\n <ContentPresenter.", "Resources>\n <Style x:Key=\"BoldCellStyle\" TargetType=\"{x:Type TextBlock}\">\n <Setter Property=\"FontWeight\" Value=\"Bold\"/>\n <Setter Property=\"Foreground\" Value=\"White\" />\n </Style>\n\n </ContentPresenter.", "Resources>\n </ContentPresenter>\n </Grid>\n </ControlTemplate>\n\nDoesn't work either.", "\nThen, I tried to play with the ContentPresenter's properties:\n<!-- ", "Green template -->\n<ControlTemplate x:Key=\"Green\" TargetType=\"{x:Type tk:DataGridCell}\">\n <Grid Background=\"Green\">\n <ContentPresenter TextElement.", "FontWeight=\"Bold\" TextElement.", "Foreground=\"White\" TextBlock.", "Foreground=\"White\"\n HorizontalAlignment=\"Center\"\n VerticalAlignment=\"Center\" />\n </Grid>\n</ControlTemplate>\n\nAnd... As you can expect, this does not even work.", "\nIntrigued, I used Snoop to browse all the components of my interface.", "\nIn the first two cases, Snoop actually shows me that each cell is a Grid with a ContentPresenter containing a TextBlock and the actual Style but... The TextBlock's properties do not apply and FontWeight is still normal.", "\nLast case, even more shocking, I can see that snoop shows me that we actually have a ContentPresenter with the right properties (ie TextElement.", "FontWeight=\"Bold\"), but the autogenerated TextBlock under is - still - not styled.", "\nI can't get what am I missing here. ", "I tried as you can see almost all I could possibly do here, and the TextBlocks keep being non-formatted.", "\nAny idea here? ", "Thanks again!", "\n\nA:\n\nThe DataGridColumns that derive from DataGridBoundColumn (all except DataGridTemplateColumn) has a property ElementStyle that is applied to the TextBlock when it is created. ", "For e.g. DataGridTextColumn It looks like this\nstatic DataGridTextColumn()\n{\n ElementStyleProperty.", "OverrideMetadata(typeof(DataGridTextColumn),\n new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(DefaultElementStyle));\n // ...\n}\n\nIt overrides the metadata for ElementStyle and provides a new default value, DefaultElementStyle, which basically just sets the default margin for the TextBlock. ", " \npublic static Style DefaultElementStyle\n{\n get\n {\n if (_defaultElementStyle == null)\n {\n Style style = new Style(typeof(TextBlock));\n // Use the same margin used on the TextBox to provide space for the caret\n style.", "Setters.", "Add(new Setter(TextBlock.", "MarginProperty, new Thickness(2.0, 0.0, 2.0, 0.0)));\n style.", "Seal();\n _defaultElementStyle = style;\n }\n return _defaultElementStyle;\n }\n}\n\nThis style is set in code everytime a new DataGridCell is created with element.", "Style = style; and this is overriding the Style you are trying to set, even if you try to set it implicitly.", "\nAs far as I know, you'll have to repeat this for your columns\n<DataGridTextColumn Header=\"Column 1\" ElementStyle=\"{StaticResource BoldCellStyle}\" .../>\n<DataGridTextColumn Header=\"Column 2\" ElementStyle=\"{StaticResource BoldCellStyle}\" .../>\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Jules Zvunka\n\nJules Zvunka (born 17 August 1941 in Le Ban-Saint-Martin, Moselle) is a retired French football player and manager.", "\n\nHe is the brother of Georges Zvunka and Victor Zvunka and played for Metz and Olympique Marseille.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Manager profile\n Player profile\n\nCategory:1941 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Sportspeople from Moselle (department)\nCategory:French footballers\nCategory:Association football defenders\nCategory:FC Metz players\nCategory:Olympique de Marseille players\nCategory:Ligue 1 players\nCategory:French football managers\nCategory:Olympique de Marseille managers\nCategory:Pays d'Aix FC managers" ]

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[ "Introduction\n============\n\nIn late March and early April 2009, an outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) infection was detected in Mexico. ", "At first, it was called \\'swine influenza\\' but, subsequently the name was changed to influenza A (H1N1) by the WHO\\'s recommendation. ", "On June 11, 2009, the WHO raised its pandemic alert level to the highest level, phase 6, indicating widespread community transmission throughout at least two continents[@B1]. ", "In Korea, as of January 19, 2010, there have been 218 deaths in patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1), since the first case was identified on May 2, 2009[@B2].", "\n\nHigh rates of infection, morbidity and mortality have been noted among children and young adults across the globe. ", "About 78% of the patients with influenza A (H1N1) were younger than 30 years old[@B3] with the most reported cases in the age range of 14 to 20 years. ", "In Korea, the number of reported cases among students increased rapidly since the middle of October 2009[@B4].", "\n\nThe symptoms of influenza A (H1N1) were known not to be different from those of common viral respiratory illnesses or seasonal inf luenza, though the real-time RT-PCR test can differentiate between them. ", "To investigate the clinical characteristics of children of the pandemic influenza in the winter of 2009, we reviewed the medical records of 149 children who had admitted to our institution.", "\n\nSubjects and methods\n====================\n\n1. ", "Subjects\n-----------\n\nFrom September to December 2009, in Kosin University Gospel Hospital, 1,037 children under the 19 years of age presented with influenza like illness were tested for 2009 influenza A (H1N1) by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt RT-PCR) method. ", "Among them, 545 patients (52.6%) were confirmed. ", "Only 149 patients (27.3%) of them were admitted to pediatric ward or cared at emergency room more than 6 hours, and their medical records were available to study symptoms, contact history with a confirmed case, and complications on follow-up. ", "Of the 149 patients, 79 cases underwent laboratory exams including inflammatory indicators and chest radiograms, as they had been cared at pediatric ward more than 2 days.", "\n\n2. ", "Methods\n----------\n\n### 1) Collection of specimen for diagnosis\n\nSterile swabs with cotton tips and wooden shafts were inserted into the oral cavity of the patients. ", "The throat swab was rubbed on the tonsillar surface or the pharyngeal mucosa that presented the most secretion under visual inspection. ", "The swab was removed from the mouth and the tip of the swab was carefully inserted into a bottle containing 1 ml of virus transport media.", "\n\n### 2) Real time RT-PCR assay\n\n#### (1) Extraction of RNA and synthesis of cDNA\n\nRespiratory specimens were put into the Abbott m2000sp automatic sample preparation machine (Abbott Molecular Inc., Des Plaines, Illinois, USA) and RNAs were extracted using the Abbott mTM sample preparation system. ", "Viral RNA was reverse transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA) using a swine-lineage influenza A (H1N1) generic primer. ", "The subsequent PCR amplification and real-time detection of cDNA are performed on Abbott\\'s m2000rt amplification machine.", "\n\n#### (2) Used probes and condition for real-time RT-PCR\n\nEach RNA extract sample was tested by separate primer/probe sets: InfA, Universal swine (swFluA), Swine H1 (swH1) and RNaseP (RP). ", "The RNaseP primer and probe set targets the human RNaseP gene and thus served as an internal positive control for human nucleic acid.", "\n\n### 3) Criteria of positive reaction\n\nThe test for H1N1 influenza A virus is regarded positive if the specimen is positive to either swFluA or swH1 probe, with a concomitant positive reaction to both InfA and RNaseP (RP) probes.", "\n\n### 4) Data collection\n\nMedical charts of the patients who were confirmed as novel H1N1 influenza A under the age of 19 were reviewed in terms of demographic features, presenting symptoms, and risk factors for influenza. ", "Fever was defined as a temperature of ≥37.8℃. ", "Body temperature was measured mainly at the forehead or retroauricular area by feverscan (Thermofocus®) and occasionally in the ear by infrared tympanic membrane temperature thermometer (Thermoscan® PRO-LT, Thermoscan, Minnesota, USA). ", "For patients who were admitted, studies of peripheral blood counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), creatine phosphokinase and simple chest X-ray findings were analyzed. ", "To gain additional information about complication or development of secondary patients within the households, a telephone call was given to each family.", "\n\nResults\n=======\n\n1. ", "Characteristics of the patients\n----------------------------------\n\nThe mean age of the 149 patients was 7.0 (±4.1) years with a range of 2 months to 18 years. ", "Patients are most predominant in the age group of 6-18 years (n=91, 61.1%). ", "Of the 149 patients, 58 were younger than 6 years, and among the seven patients who had bronchial asthma 6 were in the age group of 6-18 years. ", "Accordingly, the proportion of patients considered to belong to a \\'high risk group\\' based on age and underlying medical condition was 43.0% (64/149).", "\n\nDuring the 4 months period, there was 1 patient in September, and there were 41 in October 89 in November and 18 in December. ", "So, the numbers of new patients increased rapidly from September to reach a peak in November, then declined rapidly ([Fig. ", "1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n23 (15.4%) of the 149 patients had close contact history with confirmed cases mostly from kindergarten or school (n=13), family (n=7) and their relatives (n=3). ", "The remaining 126 (84.6%) had no known history of contact with confirmed cases.", "\n\n2. ", "Presenting symptoms and signs of the patients\n------------------------------------------------\n\nOf the 149 patients, the most common symptom was fever (n=144, 96.7%). ", "The next common symptoms were cough (n=109, 73.2%), rhinorrhea (n=55, 36.9%), sore throat (n=47, 31.5%), headache (n=26, 17.4%) and sputum (n=21, 14.1%) in descending order of frequency. ", "Other symptoms included were vomiting (n=13, 8.7%), abdominal pain (n=11, 7.4%), dizziness (n=9, 6.1%), dyspnea (n=6, 4.0%), myalgia (n=5, 3.4%), chill (n=4, 2.7%), stuffiness (n=4, 2.7%), diarrhea (n=2, 1.3%), stridor (n=2, 1.3%), nausea (n=1, 0.7%), convulsion (n=1, 0.7%), and skin rashes (n=1, 0.7%) ([Fig. ", "2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "On physical examination of the 149 patients, injected tonsillar pharyngeal mucosa were noticed in 20 patients (13.4%), and rales or wheezings were present in 10 patients (6.7%).", "\n\n3. ", "Hematologic and biochemical laboratory findings\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nOf the 149 patients, 79 were admitted to pediatric ward, and a complete blood counts were made with peripheral blood. ", "68 (86.1%) of them showed leukocyte count in the range of 4,000×12,000/µL, while 9 (11.4%) showed under 4,000/µL and 2 (2.5%) showed above 12,000/µL. Patients had thrombocytopenia less than 150,000/µL in 10.1% (8/79). ", "ESR were increased above 15 mm/hr in 17.7% (14/79). ", "Serum levels of HS-CRP showed under the 0.75 mg/dL in 49.4%, between 0.75 to 5.0 mg/dL in 36.7%, above 5.0 mg/dL in 13.9%. ", "No patient showed serum levels of AST and ALT more than 100 IU/L. Serum levels of creatine phosphokinase were checked in 40 patients, and 12 (30%) of them had values more than the upper reference range of 130 U/L ([Table 2](#T2){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n4. ", "Chest radiographic findings of the patients\n----------------------------------------------\n\nChest X-rays were performed in 82 patients at the time of admission or at first visit, Among them, 59 (72.0%) had normal findings, while 18 (22.0%) presented images compatible with pneumonia ([Table 3](#T3){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Those 18 cases were able to classify into three main radiographic patterns; multifocal bronchopneumonia (n=11), single or multisegmental lobar pneumonia (n=5), and diffuse interstitial pneumonia (n=2). ", "Two patients with lobar pneumonia associated with atelectasis and emphysema in one case, and pleural effusion in the other.", "\n\n5. ", "Clinical course and intra-familial transmissibility\n------------------------------------------------------\n\nOf the 149 patients, 79 (53.0%) were admitted and 70 (47.0%) were taken care of at emergency room for more than 6 hours. ", "Only one patient with multi-segmental lobar pneumonia associated with atelectasis and emphysema required oxygen inhalation through facemask for a day on the first day of admission. ", "None of the patients required mechanical ventilation or admission to an intensive care unit.", "\n\nThe average length of hospital stay of the patients was 4 days (range of 2-9 days). ", "Body temperatures were available to monitor for 4 consecutive days in 48 patients and 5 days in 30 patients. ", "Average body temperatures on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th hospital day were 38.75±0.65℃, 38.08±0.87℃, 37.51±0.76℃, 37.00±0.63℃ and 36.85±0.61℃, respectively, showing rapid defervescence from the 3rd hospital day ([Fig. ", "3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Distribution of documented temperatures of 77 patients upon initial visits were ≥40℃ in 2.6% (2/77), 39.0-39.9℃ in 40.2% (31/77), 38.0-38.9℃ in 44.2% (34/77) and \\< 38.0℃ in 13.0% (10/77).", "\n\nMost of the pneumonic lesions observed on chest radiographs of the 18 cases were undetectable within 9 days of admission. ", "All of the 149 patients had no remaining symptoms or complications on follow up visits at OPD or according to telephone surveys.", "\n\nAs two families had concurrent infections in their brothers, the rate of concurrent infection among the total 147 families was 1.4% (2/147). ", "In sixteen families, twenty infected patients developed secondarily within the households. ", "These 20 new patients were comprised of younger siblings (n=7, 35%), mothers (n=6, 30%), elder siblings (n=4, 20%) and fathers (n=3, 15%). ", "The mean generation time or serial interval time (time from the onset of symptoms in the primary case until the onset of symptoms in a secondary case) was 3.4 (±0.7) days. ", "Most of these data were collected by follow-up telephone interviews with their parents.", "\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nAnnual morbidity due to influenza is highest in children, in whom the attack rates are often 30-50%[@B5]. ", "Recent studies have documented that infants and young children without underlying medical conditions are hospitalized for influenza-attributable illnesses at rates of 6-15%[@B6]. ", "Persons under the age of 30 years had little evidence of cross-reactive antibodies to the pandemic Influenza A (H1N1), whereas 39 of 115 persons (34%) born before 1950 had preexisting cross-reactive antibodies[@B7]. ", "Serologic studies of persons who received vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccines suggest that seasonal influenza vaccines will not provide protection against novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. ", "Among adults, cross-reactive antibodies to novel influenza A (H1N1) virus at titers that correlate with protection from illness in studies of seasonal influenza vaccine was detected in 6-9% of those aged 18-64 years and in 33% of those aged \\>60 years[@B8].", "\n\nThe above-mentioned facts might be the reason why novel influenza A (H1N1) is more common in young ages. ", "The median and average age released from the study of people less than 18 years by the Korean CDC on October 29, 2009 was 7.5 and 8.9 years, respectively[@B2]. ", "In our institution, both of the median and average age of the patients were 7.0 years.", "\n\nThe clinical diagnostic criteria may have similar diagnostic accuracy to that provided by the current rapid diagnostic tests. ", "The criteria for the clinical diagnosis of influenza consists of a fever greater than 37.8℃ plus two or more URI symptoms (cough, sore throat, nasal symptoms, myalgia, headache, malaise)[@B9]. ", "Among our 149 patients, 77 (51.6%) were compatible with these criteria.", "\n\nSeveral rapid antigen and immunofluorescent antibody tests are available for the diagnosis of influenza virus infection. ", "The sensitivity of these tests varies widely, and although some assays are able to distinguish between influenza A and B viruses, they are not able to distinguish between pandemic and seasonal strains of H1N1 influenza A. However, the specificity of these rapid antigen tests seems to be much higher compared to its sensitivity. ", "In our survey, all positive cases for influenza A with rapid antigen test showed positive to rt RT-PCR tests, though the details are not presented here. ", "Confirmation can be made only by rt RT-PCR or culture. ", "Viral culture is too slow to help guide management, and a negative viral culture does not exclude pandemic H1N1 influenza A infection.", "\n\nThe most common clinical symptoms surveyed in all age groups by Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Investigation Team in USA were fever (94%), cough (92%) and sore throat (66%). ", "In addition, 25% of patients had diarrhea and 25% had vomiting[@B10]. ", "The two most common symptoms of fever (96.7%) and cough (73.2%) in our patients was not different from the WHO and CDC reports. ", "However, the low frequencies of gastrointestinal symptoms and general symptoms such as chill, myalgia and malaise in our subjects need further investigation as to whether these symptoms are truly rare in children or may not be reported by young children and improperly recorded by physicians in a busy outpatient or emergency environment.", "\n\nThe Center for Disease Control in Korea surveyed 2,417 patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza A from May to August 19, 2009. ", "The most common clinical findings of the patients were cough (78.1%), fever (77.2%), sore throat (51.12%), rhinorrhea (46.0%), headache (37.4%), myalgia (23.6%), sputum (15.8%), nausea (9.8%), diarrhea (9.3%) and vomiting (5.3%). ", "The average body temperature of the 1,842 patients who had documented temperature upon initial visit was 38.1(±0.9)℃[@B11]. ", "Average body temperatures on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd hospital days in our cases were 38.8±0.7℃, 38.1±0.9℃ and 37.5±0.8℃, respectively. ", "On a review of body temperatures of our 77 patients 42.9% (33/77) had temperatures equal to or higher than 39.0℃.", "\n\nLaboratory tests including complete blood counts and biochemical tests performed at the time of admission were found to fall within the reference values in most of our cases. ", "The serum AST, ALT values were elevated very minimally in a few. ", "One noticeable feature is that 6 of the 40 patients (15%) have values of serum creatine phosphokinase higher than 512 IU/L which could be attributed to accompanying rhabdomyositis, however, none of those patients was documented to have myalgia. ", "One report from Mexico showed 10 of the 16 patients had increased creatine kinase levels (62%) and 5 of them had very high values ranging from 1,099 to 5,122 IU/L[@B12].", "\n\nComplications of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) were similar to seasonal Influenza A (H1N1). ", "Children younger than 2 years old, adults 65 years of age or older, pregnant women and women up to 2 weeks postpartum and persons with certain medical conditions are regarded as high risk groups for severe complications[@B13]. ", "Some of these patients experienced a sudden and very rapid deterioration in their clinical condition, usually on day 5 or 6 following the onset of symptoms[@B14]. ", "Clinical deterioration is characterized by primary viral pneumonia, and failure of multiple organs including the heart, kidneys and liver.", "\n\nThe CDC of the United States documented that children less than 6 years of age are at high risk of complications from influenza[@B13]. ", "However, observation thereafter showed that children less than 2 years of age had a significantly greater risk of hospitalization[@B14]. ", "Children taking long-term aspirin therapy or persons with blood disorders such as sickle cell disease or chronic neurological and neuromuscular disorders, neurodevelopmental condition or obesity also have increased risk of hospitalization or morbidity[@B9], [@B15], [@B17]. ", "In our study, 64 out of 149 patients (43.0%) were classifiable as belonging to a \\'high risk group\\'. ", "Most of our patients showed rapid defervescence with an oral antiviral agent, oseltamivir (Tamiflu®). ", "In a small proportion of patients, the drug was not given because of mild symptom or discontinued because of vomiting.", "\n\nThe mean time interval between infection of a primary case and one of its secondary cases (the mean generation time) of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) was known to be 2.5-3.0 days[@B18]. ", "After close contact most patients presented symptom in 1-4 days[@B19] with mean incubation of 1.4 days, (95% CI: 1.0-1.8 days)[@B8], [@B18]. ", "The mean generation time within the households in our study was 3.4 (±0.7) days.", "\n\nNeurological long-term pulmonary complication or fatal course did not occur in our patients, however, the number of patients in our study was not enough to say that the 2009 influenza A virus, H1N1 subtype have without risk. ", "Further study will elucidate the severity or epidemiology of the novel influenza A (H1N1) which is expected to continue to spread beyond pandemic.", "\n\n{#F1}\n\n{#F2}\n\n{#F3}\n\n###### \n\nDistribution of 149 Patients by Age and Gender\n\n![](", "kjped-53-886-i001)\n\n###### \n\nLaboratory Findings of Admitted Patients\n\n![](", "kjped-53-886-i002)\n\n###### \n\nClassification of Chest X-ray Findings of Children with 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1)\n\n![](", "kjped-53-886-i003)\n" ]

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[ "April 26, 2017 Chicago | July 11, 2017 Boston | Nov. 9, 2017 San Francisco | The Women Adviser Summit is uniquely designed for the sophisticated female adviser who wants to take her personal and professional self to the next level.", "\n\nEditorial\n\nOur inaugural 40 Under 40\n\nLadies and gentlemen, I present to you our inaugural class of 40 Under 40.", "\n\nIn choosing the talented young professionals profiled here on the pages of InvestmentNews, we went beyond assets under management or production.", "\n\nInstead, we opted to base our picks on more meaningful — albeit, more subjective — measures of success. ", "I'm talking about such measures as accomplishment, contribution, leadership and promise.", "\n\nThough they come from different backgrounds, one thing you will find in common among all of the men and women featured on Pages 10 to 22 is that they already have achieved a high level of accomplishment and, more importantly, they all show promise of even greater success down the road.", "\n\nTrust me, these are the folks who will give keynotes at conferences, head up important industry initiatives and raise the stature of the planning profession in the eyes of the general public.", "\n\nA YEAR OF PLANNING\n\nBelieve it or not, the issue that you have in your hands right now has been in the making for more than a year. ", "It's true. ", "It's been a year of conceptualizing, planning, designing and developing. ", "From our newsroom to our marketing team to our web developers, this has truly been an effort of love and teamwork.", "\n\nA special shout-out goes to Christina Nelson, InvestmentNews' series/features editor, whose leadership and organizational skills kept this project's many moving parts chugging along. ", "Also, to our web developer David Rankin, who spent countless hours listening to a roomful of wild-eyed editors tossing about their ideas and, somehow, made the good ones work and the bad ones go away.", "\n\nI'd also like to thank our 40 Under 40. ", "Not only did so many of you graciously come to our offices in New York to be photographed and videotaped (on your own dime!), ", "but you all took the time to provide us with selfies and to answer our many questions that allowed us to get to know you better.", "\n\nTo really experience the depth and breadth of this project, I urge all of you to visit our website at InvestmentNews.com/40. ", "There, you will find expanded profiles, cool infographics, videos and so much more.", "\n\nWe also are launching a robust social media campaign around this project. ", "For example, you can communicate directly with many of our 40 Under 40 on Twitter using the hashtag #IN40. ", "And we've set up a great photo album featuring all of the honorees on InvestmentNews' Facebook page." ]

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[ "After a record year for gun sales in 2013, the market has experienced a dramatic reversal of fortune in 2014 as gun companies are having trouble managing the expectations of stockholders.", "\n\nIn the recent quarter, Smith & Wesson, one of the largest American manufacturers of guns, saw sales drop 23 percent to $31.9 million and overall profit fall 45 percent to $14.6 million. ", "Their shares slipped nearly 15 percent once the news of the decline in sales spread to investors. ", "Sales of modern sporting rifles, long guns, and handguns also saw decreases in overall sales. ", "Sturm Ruger saw comparable drops in their sales and both companies are grasping at straws to find the reason for the decline.", "\n\nExecutives for Smith & Wesson and Sturm Ruger have said that high inventory is to blame for the lows sales, which suggests either a low demand for the product or too much supply. ", "Sturm Ruger went a step further by suggesting that a lack of guns with \"cool\" appeal were being manufactured, which is supposed to explain the small demand for new firearms.", "\n\nStudies have shown that the gun business doees well when lawmakers propose new legislation for gun control because of concerns that guns will become harder to purchase. ", "For example, the Sandy Hook shootings corresponded with an influx of gun purchases because of President Barack Obama's push for additional gun regulations. ", "Gun executives have been quick to point out that hunting season is arriving, an annual period that produces an uptick in gun purchases.", "\n\n\"We're hitting the brakes, and we have the most desirable products, and we are coming into the busiest season,\" said James Debney Smith & Wesson's chief executive. \"", "I think we are going to be in a great spot.\"", "\n\nThe sale of guns is unlikely to slow down anytime soon, national tragedy or not. ", "If regulation on gun control does go through, it will be interesting to see how not just the sale of guns, but the marketing of them, is affected.", "\n\nTAG Guns, Legislation\n\nⓒ 2018 TECHTIMES.com All rights reserved. ", "Do not reproduce without permission." ]

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[ "I bought AC9260 with pcie (Bacause my ROG strix X370 F mainboard has only one M.2 slot, 960EVO use it)\n\nI install and update my bios and install driver 20.10.02 new driver pro/set\n\nbut there is problem with connection\n\nac9260 can find wifi ssid and connection\n\nbut can access internet. ", "so I click on diagonose button and that said\n\nThere is problem with 'wireless adapter or access point problem' and cant use 'default gate way'\n\nI think driver still cant suport ryzen or I have no idea about this problem\n\ndoes anybody use ac9260 on ryzen?", "\n\n// I connect pci card to PCIE X16 and tried PCIE X2 but same problem" ]

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[ "CASSIE WORKMAN: GIANTESS\n\nAfter being abducted by a troll, a girl must realise her destiny, and escape. ", "What lies beyond his kingdom is a mystery, so she will need the strength of a giantess.", "\n\nCreated by the multi-award-winning comedian Cassie Workman, Giantess is a story of self acceptance. ", "Interweaving music, comedy, storytelling and illustration, Cassie’s one-person-show explores the anguish of coming to terms with a gender identity that doesn’t match your body." ]

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[ "Category: Growth\n\nI spent a chunk of last week caring for my dear friend Barbara after she had surgery. ", "I have never had surgery and really had no idea what to expect. ", "I just knew that this is one of my best friends and I wanted to be there for her and so I volunteered to be her main person for the first few days. ", "What I know in hindsight is that this is no small task nor should it be taken lightly. ", "And…it’s not for everyone. ", "So I’ve compiled a list of what I learned in the hope that it will help others – both caregivers and people about to have surgery – so that they can make the best decisions about who is in their space at this tender time.", "\n\nDO’s\n\n1-Play to Your Strengths\n\nFor example if you don’t have the best bedside manner but you make a really mean chicken soup, volunteer to make meals, but don’t sign up to be the hand holder for your friend or family member when she’s getting prepped for surgery. ", "If you decide to take on the “job” of caregiver, go for it wholeheartedly and no holds barred. ", "Be on board. ", "If rubbing somebody’s feet makes you squeamish, find someone who is great at giving massage to come sit with the patient while you have a little break.", "\n\n2 – Take Your Job Seriously\n\nRemember that you are the gatekeeper and that your job, to the best of your ability, is to filter all the personalities, energies and information that the patient is being bombarded with. ", "You are an advocate for the patient. ", "You’re another set of eyes and ears, don’t be afraid to take notes or even record the doctor when they are speaking. ", "In my experience, nobody minded when I asked for clarification on certain things or had questions about the aftercare instructions. ", "In general, I felt that the hospital preferred that I was there as a go-between for Barbara.", "\n\n3 – Be Gentle with the Patient!", "\n\nEven if you’ve never had surgery before, it’s important to note that the days leading up to surgery, immediately after the operation, and the days shortly after the procedure can be a very tender and vulnerable time for the patient and her family. ", "My friend Barbara kept saying that the veils were thin. ", "I think she was referring to the fact that all of her defenses were stripped away and this can be a time where fear and powerlessness are magnified. ", "Be especially gentle and kind with your loved one. ", "This is definitely where a nurturing and gentle caregiver will be preferred over somebody with very little bedside manner. ", "Let that person run errands for you or help in other ways.", "\n\n4 – Have Food in the House\n\nDo have lots of yummy and nourishing snacks available in the house for the patient after surgery. ", "Don’t assume that the patient only wants to eat soup or bland foods. ", "In fact, I knew Barbara was feeling better on day two when she started fantasizing about lasagna!", "\n\n5 – Rest\n\nEncourage the patient to have many breaks and to rest quietly. ", "It can get a little overwhelming with friends and family calling, texting, and stopping by. ", "No matter how wonderful it is to be reminded how loved she is, my little Energizer Bunny needed quiet time so that she could recharge. ", "One of my best memories was playing my Dragon Drum for Barbara while she napped. ", "Also in this category, do encourage the patient to take her 3 AM pain pill and go right back to sleep. ", "You do not want her to get chatty, nip that right in the bud. ", "You need your sleep too!", "\n\n6 – Show Some Emotion\n\nLet yourself have feelings. ", "Your friend will appreciate someone else expressing themselves; it’s not just the patient who is feeling an overwhelming amount of emotion. ", "Once all the forms were signed and Barbara came out of the bathroom in her cloth gown and paper cap, s*** got real and I couldn’t help myself, the tears just flowed. ", "Barbara held my hand and it was a very loving moment. ", "Also, don’t be afraid to share a laugh – always good medicine (where appropriate, see below.)", "\n\nDON’Ts\n\nA lot of these will seem like a giant “Duh!” ", "to most of you but I assure you these were either learned the hard way or witnessed.", "\n\n1 – Don’t Forget to Eat\n\nDon’t eat the patient’s yummy nourishing snacks! ", "And don’t underestimate how hungry you as the caregiver might get. ", "It’s important to think ahead if you can and if you have that luxury, stock the refrigerator for you as well. ", "When well-meaning friends text and ask what they can bring you can also say that the patient is very hungry and wants chocolate and almonds (even if they’re really for you!)", "\n\n2 – Friends Don’t Let Friends Drive to Surgery\n\nDo not, repeat do not, let the patient drive herself to the hospital on surgery day with you in the passenger seat. ", "The patient has a lot on her mind and will be distracted. ", "When she tries to back up into a very tiny space it will not go well. ", "Avoid this scenario by insisting upon driving.", "\n\n3. ", "Laughter is Good Medicine Except When Patient is Nervous/Crabby\n\nDon’t make too many jokes right before surgery. ", "Usually the patient will not appreciate you making references to your giant pimple on your face and asking the surgeon if they have any medical recommendations for you. ", "Once again, the patient will not think this is funny. ", "Neither will the doctor.", "\n\n4. ", "Let It Roll\n\nDon’t take anything the patient says prior, during, or after surgery personally. ", "A lot of emotions can come up. ", "It’s best to encourage the patient not to make any long-lasting, life-changing decisions in this general window of time. ", "The patient’s mood could be perceived as erratic – something seemingly harmless like a little elderly man pushing a motorcycle up a hill could drive the patient into a murderous rant. ", "Best to just soothingly reassure the patient that you hate that motorcyclist too…there, there. ", "The patient will have almost zero recollection of what they said or asked for. ", "For example when your friend/patient asks you to mince garlic in her lemon water she might actually mean ginger and will look at you like you have sprouted a second head when you ask her if she really wants you to put garlic in her tea. (", "Actually, as I write this, it occurs to me that this section could be written for perimenopause too…aaack.)", "\n\n5. ", "Don’t Be A Jerk\n\nIn her tender time post-surgery, do not give the patient any books regarding her medical condition or tell her stories about people who have died from the same medical condition. ", "Right? ", "Also in this category, do not judge any type of procedure or follow-up care the patient decides upon afterwards. ", "This may take an attitude of trust on your part, but I assure you most people think long and hard and confer with their doctors and their loved ones before they decide on any follow-up treatments and it is OUR job as a supportive community to love our friends and family members through all of their decisions without judgment or opinion unless asked. ", "And even then, people, use your heads. ", "Remember…this is a tender time. ", "Tread lightly! ", "No bombarding the patient with statistics and medical data.", "\n\n6. ", "Don’t Forget What a Sacred Window of Time you are Sharing Together\n\nTake as much opportunity as you possibly can in the surprisingly busy days post surgery to reassure your loved one what an absolute gift it is, and continues to be, to spend time with them. ", "To hold their hand, to do their laundry, to steam there garlic tea, to warm up their soup, to stroke their hair, to give them a kiss, to cry with them, to laugh with them, to drive them around, and to just be in their presence. ", "It is a rare gift to share so intimately with another and I am grateful to have had this bonding time with my sweet friend of 26 years.", "\n\nIsn’t she cute?", "\n\nHuge thank you to my family and friends for supporting me in making this trip happen, kids got shuffled, pet/house sitter bent backwards, drum carrier got fedexed so I could bring it with me on the plane, friends held space for me and said healing prayers for Barbara. ", "I know it’s cliche but it truly takes a village.", "\n\nShare this:\n\nLike this:\n\nUdaipur, November 2015.", "\nTraveling in Udaipur. ", "Early morning breakfast. ", "Nice looking man nods good morning and asks waiter for coffee “now”. ", "Soon he is talking to the two men eating breakfast with their baby. ", "A conversation starts up and the coffee drinking man says he lives in Santa Cruz. ", "The couple say they are from The Bay Area and one of them grew up in Santa Cruz. ", "This gets my attention as I have just spent the last three years splitting my time between Boulder and Santa Cruz. ", "I have to say something right!? ", "Before you know it we are all sharing synchronistic connections and stories. ", "The solo gentleman brings his wife up to join the party (by now we are all clustering around each other excitedly) and we share MORE common threads. “", "You worked at Levi’s? ", "I did too!” “", "Your kids were born at Alta Bates? ", "So was my daughter!” ", "The end result is an invitation for all of us to dine together that evening for Thanksgiving dinner. ", "One of the dads is Indian born and takes the initiative to find us the perfect Indian restaurant that serves traditional Indian thali – a platter with tiny metal bowls filled with delicious bites of delectable vegetarian fare. ", "As plans are made and some of us disperse for showers or planned adventures, Kate and I finish our coffee/tea with the couple from Santa Cruz. ", "They are talking about how they love their beach home – having lived there for a year after retiring and moving from the East Bay. ", "They love the flowers, their garden, the Monterey Bay. ", "And just like that, as we speak of dolphins and whales, I feel the tears start to sting my eyelids. ", "Part of me thinks “Oh no, not here!” ", "and part of me just notices the tears – no stopping them. ", "Let them come.", "\n\nRishikesh, January 2015.", "\n\nI began this year in India as a married woman. ", "When friends hear I’m officially divorced, almost all of them say ” Wow that was so fast!” ", "and I think to myself “Maybe for you.” ", "I can see their point. ", "I guess it does seem fast from the outside looking in.", "\n\nI have never worked harder to keep a relationship going than this one. ", "Ever. ", "And somewhere along the line it started feeling like I was caught in a rip current and the water was going up my nose and pressing me hard but I kept holding on to a tree root and shouting “hang on!” ", "All the while the waves were crashing into my face and I kept clinging. ", "We were both exhausted. ", "And at some point, in April to be exact, I let go. ", "This ending has been years in the making.", "\n\nRishikesh, December. ", "2015.", "\n\n11 women are joining us in India. ", "Like individual tributaries, they flow separately and we will all meet in Rishikesh tomorrow; joining together to form one Radiant Tribe. ", "As I type, some of us are in the air, flying over the top of the world in an arctic airstream. ", "This is the first time I have been in India as a single woman. ", "I wonder, as I prepare for our group’s arrival, what lives for each of them – what stories do they have to share? ", "All the individual flavors and colors of them – of all of us – that will soon blend together into a beautiful masala. ", "A lot of our time together will be spent on the banks of the Ganges – in fire ceremony, bathing and making offerings to the river. ", "Mata Ganga – Mother Ganges. ", "The only Hindu goddess that takes the form of water, residing in Shiva’s matted locks, Ganga is fluid in her grace.", "\n\nIndia 2015.", "\n\nAlways a land of powerful transformation for me. ", "In my experience, the easiest way for me to traverse India – literally and figuratively – is to cultivate and maintain an attitude of surrender. ", "No agenda. ", "Magical experiences happen for me on days where I have no attachment to plans and I can flow from one experience to the next.", "\n\nAs my tears well up and spill out in Udaipur, grieving the loss of my ocean town, and another layer of grief regarding the end of my marriage, my new friends draw closer. ", "The woman shares that she too mourns the loss of a relationship and even now, 20 years later, she can feel unexpected grief. ", "As she tears up, her husband hands her a tissue. ", "They invite me to visit them in CA. ", "Generous with their compassion.", "\n\nI can’t think of a better place for me to mark the end of this year than in Rishikesh. ", "I never want to will a relationship into being again. ", "Ever. ", "I am finding that it’s easier to go with the current vs. hang on to the banks. ", "The river that had been pummeling me over the past two years swept me up in its arms and carried me down, out of the froth and I floated. ", "I’m on a rich and beautiful ride. ", "Yes, sometimes it can get bumpy but it keeps moving and I lift up my feet so I can float better.", "\n\nIn the next 10 days I will be sitting in ceremony releasing that which no longer serves, washing away past experiences and baptizing myself anew – creating the next chapter of my life and witnessing and supporting our group to do the same.", "I feel safe in the rhythm and flow of ever-changing life. – ", "Louise Hay\n\nLike this:\n\nOur two arms together say everything. ", "So different and yet similar. ", "Here she is at 16, tender skin with battle scars. ", "There I am, with my semi-colon tattoo I got when I didn’t know what else to do, how else to support my girl when she didn’t think she wanted to live. ", "I just couldn’t believe the story was going to end this way! ", "Spoiler Alert: The guy doesn’t get the girl in the end. ", "But I do. ", "Get the girl. ", "At least for now. ", "For a little more time. ", "And I’ll settle for that.", "\n\nWhen I brought Lili home from the hospital at three days old, I knew then that I didn’t have a clue about parenting. ", "How was I going to keep this tiny human being alive? ", "I’m embarrassed when I see these photos of her first day home. ", "The first one is of me crying, looking like a child myself, holding her. ", "The second photo is me, back in my hospital gown (that’s right, I changed BACK into my hospital gown even though I was at HOME) and got right into bed. ", "I wished I could have stayed at the hospital, where the nurses knew what to do and I was supervised at all times.", "\n\nI look 14. ", "And terrified.", "\n\nBack in my hospital gown.", "\n\nFrom the moment I knew I was pregnant, I loved Lili. ", "That was the first thing I said when the doctor placed her on my chest: “I love her.” ", "I look back at the early years of raising her and I ache over the mistakes I made – some big, some smaller. ", "But there were also shining moments too, where my natural instincts to nurture and protect and supply entertainment were present. ", "Parenting has been a humbling experience to say the least. ", "One that has broken my heart open and brought me to my knees many times over.", "Lili was just three days into her 15th year when her dad and I made the impossible decision to sign custody of her over to strangers. ", "Before he signed on the dotted line, her dad looked up at me, hand shaking and asked “Are you sure we’re doing the right thing?” ", "All I could say was “I don’t know.” ", "But I knew that we couldn’t keep her safe anymore. ", "Lili was clinically depressed and anxious and her self-harming behavior had become extremely dangerous, and possibly life-threatening.", "\n\nThe year leading up to this decision to send her away, and the first several months of her being gone, were the hardest time of my adult life. ", "I fell apart. ", "I would see friends at the grocery store and turned away to avoid conversation. ", "I sobbed when friends posted pictures on Facebook of their daughters dressed up for homecoming, celebrating “normal” milestones that we weren’t having.", "\n\nI couldn’t make sense of what was happening in my life and I certainly couldn’t control it, so I had to surrender. ", "I didn’t do it readily or gracefully. ", "In fact, I was a wee bit rebellious at first. ", "I was advised to “do my work” by the therapists at the program Lili was in and let her do hers. ", "I hated when they would say that! ", "I was sad. ", "I was grieving. ", "My daughter was gone. ", "I was angry. ", "I didn’t want to do any “work”. ", "And truth be told, I was fucking exhausted. ", "I needed a break.", "\n\nI spent 3 months in Santa Cruz on the beach. ", "I went to yoga, I spent time with my other kids, and I started to “do my work.” ", "Which meant excavating some old territory that I really would rather not have looked at, like my childhood and my marriage(s) and mistakes I made as a parent. ", "As a mom, I’ve had to sit in the fire of my own guilt and shame around choices I’ve made, even as I understand that I was doing the best I could. ", "Rough terrain. ", "Although there were many days of darkness, my mantra became: “I trust the universe” because even though my life seemed tragic (to me), I wanted to believe, needed to believe, there was a greater reason for what was happening.", "\n\nWhile Lili was learning more about herself and getting honest, I was taking a long look at my life and noticing what was and wasn’t working in it. ", "She and I are both at turning points in our lives. ", "After 20 months of hard-ass work, Lili is graduating from her program and coming home and my marriage is ending. ", "My divorce is final next month. ", "I’ve done this as consciously and kindly as possible and I’m proud of how Andy and I have both shown up, with a few bumps along the way, but mostly, with open hearts, love and respect.", "\n\nWhen Anna Yarrow said she had some sessions open for her Spirit and Bone project, I was excited to have a photo representation of this potent time. ", "The words “Spirit” and “Bone” are strong – and sinewy and bloody – kind of like the past couple of years. ", "Gritty. ", "And Lion hearted. ", "The hero’s journey down into the abyss and back up again. ", "I have grieved what I thought I knew, who I thought I was, what I thought the future held. ", "I am more open to what actually IS now, and I look forward to welcoming my daughter home – who she has become, what she is showing up as and beginning this new chapter in my life as well.", "\n\nPhoto by Anna Yarrow\n\nShare this:\n\nLike this:\n\nHarbin Hot Springs. ", "My soul-home. ", "My screen saver. ", "My compass. ", "My place of healing and refuge. ", "My recurring dream. ", "My holy land. ", "When I arrive, the first thing I do is go to the water spout at the cold plunge and sprinkle water over my head – 7 times – one for each chakra. ", "Then I drink, deeply. ", "I get naked as fast as I possibly can and jump into the swimming pool so I can float on my back and look up at the tall Poplar trees. ", "They are a talisman for me, reminding me to stand strongly rooted in the earth, reach for the sky, and bend gracefully to the breezes that blow. ", "I’m home.", "\n\nAt 25 I was a naive, wide-eyed girl who had just realized my life-long dream of moving to California. ", "It was the Summer of 1990 and a friend brought me up to Harbin. ", "It was love at first sight. ", "And I’ve been going ever since.", "\n\nI’ve spent half of my life here. ", "I’ve gone in all seasons. ", "I’ve spent New Year’s Eve shivering in the warm pool as it snowed, pulling Tarot cards for the coming year. ", "I’ve camped in the Fall, listening to the acorns, pop like gunshots, as they drop from the mighty oaks and explode on the tent platform. ", "I’ve slept under the summer sky, counting shooting stars, and holed up in hotel rooms listening to the Spring rain.", "\n\nI’m naked and exposed at Harbin, literally and figuratively. ", "Anything that has been “living” inside of me surfaces. ", "I’ve encountered the Wounded Masculine and the Divine Feminine, I’ve met the Priest and the Whore. ", "All inside of me. ", "Harbin is a portal place, a sacred chakra spot, and in my experience, Harbin provides me with every opportunity to heal whatever is needing to come up. ", "7 years ago, I was on beta blockers for severe arrhythmia (irregular heart beat) and I was depressed that I needed to be on medication. ", "I hiked up to the tea house with 2 friends and prayed for the “shield to be removed that protected my heart.” ", "I walked back down to the pools and never took another beta blocker again. ", "True story.", "\n\nIn his yoga classes, Peter would refer to the waters of Harbin as mother’s milk and if the pools are Harbin’s breasts, then the waterfall slit in the rocks, along the sacred path, hidden in a tangle of fig roots, is Harbin’s yoni. ", "A place I’ve brought my most raw and unedited prayers to. ", "I’ve come to Harbin at my most tender and broken, taking refuge in the waters. ", "I’ve showed up in my fullest expression of joyful, playful ME. ", "Harbin has received me in all ways, always.", "\n\nI’ve been a starving student, escaping the San Francisco fog. ", "I’ve been a single woman, a married woman, a young mother. ", "I’ve shared laughter and popcorn in the Harbin kitchen. ", "I’ve knitted on the sun deck, beaded in the Blue Room cafe, I’ve journaled in my tent. ", "Toned in the meadow, I’ve sang, danced, prayed, chanted, sat, meditated, laughed, cried. ", "I brought my children there and camped (which they hated.) ", "I went to the meadow and sat inside a circle I made of my grandparents’ ash, thanking them for their love. ", "Comforted that they will be part of this sacred land.", "\n\nI can’t count the list of people I’ve gone up to Harbin with – old friends, new friends, women’s groups, boyfriends, husbands. ", "I’ve met poets, artists and strangers that feel like family at Harbin. ", "I’ve had the deepest conversations with people and never seen them again. ", "I’ve gone up by myself and been lonely, I’ve gone with friends and been lonely. ", "I’ve been there alone and felt such contenment and peace, knowing that death could knock on my door and I would rise up gladly and leave immediately – my soul complete and filled with the natural beauty of Harbin’s land.", "\n\nThis year, for my 50th birthday, friends who know and love me gave me money to use at Harbin and I bought a life-time membership. ", "I finally felt ready for commitment (smile.) ", "I got up to Harbin 3 times this year – once for my annual Spring trip with women friends, once for a HAI workshop and R&R and lastly, in July, for some one-on-one time with Barbara, a soul sister who has been coming to Harbin longer than I have and we share a deep and profound love of Harbin as well as laugh our heads off when we’re there.", "\n\nThis past weekend, Harbin was burned in a fire. ", "The text I received on Saturday said it all: “Sis, Harbin is gone.” ", "Pictures of the landscape stand my hair on end. ", "My heart hurts. ", "This fire did not happen to me, I know that. ", "My heart goes out to all the beings (plant, animal, human) that are affected by this major event. ", "And still, I mourn the loss of my temple home. ", "Harbin reconnected me with my past. ", "She is showing me my future. ", "And she taught me to identify, appreciate and require presence.", "\n\nI know how the sun looks dappling through the giant fig leaves, it is in my cellular memory how the candles flicker in the hot pool, I have sat in the garden lulled by the buzz of the bees in the apple blossoms as I watch dew evaporate off of a blade of grass. ", "My body knows the feeling of the plaster temple floor warming my back. ", "I can close my eyes and hear the night frogs croaking down by the bridge. ", "I can smell the honeysuckle that rings the gazebo. ", "This land, this place is in my DNA. ", "I don’t know what will happen to Harbin, if it will be rebuilt or not. ", "But I can say that if it does get rebuilt, I will care for the land lovingly, with the tenderest of touches, as if I was tending to a beloved hospice patient. ", "I will bathe her body and swathe her in the softest of cloths. ", "I will whisper my gratitude and joy to her, to be able to give back even a portion of what she has given to me. ", "I will thank her for giving me my lover. ", "And I will kiss her softly. ", "Everywhere.", "\n\nManzanita Tree – This plant has many characteristics of the Divine Feminine. ", "Its bark continually peels back, like the skin of a snake, revealing rich, smooth color under its layers. ", "Thus it is in a constant state of rebirth and transformation, dying to the old and letting go, while simultaneously bearing flowers and fruits. ", "The Triple Goddess Tarot\n\nLike this:\n\n“When we are heavy with the world’s sadness, call to us through Hawk’s cry, reminding us to look up and beyond, trusting in Spirit’s great design.” ", "Tiphaine Bonetti\n\nFor years I have related to the hawk and have felt that hawk was one of my special animals. ", "I would have dreams of hawks and sightings – close encounters. ", "There is a connection between Hawk and Kundalini energy, some say hawk comes into your life only after Kundalini energy is activated.", "\n\nFour years ago, my friend, Lance Gentry, was diagnosed with a stage 4 brain tumor. ", "During the last year of his life, he saw many hawks and started to feel that they were messengers. ", "We had some email conversations about hawk medicine and that’s when I started calling him “Brother Hawk”.", "\n\nAround this time, Nancy and I would go for hikes and have heart-to-heart discussions about our life. ", "I prayed for my life to have meaning and wished there was something I could do for Lance and his family. ", "Nancy prayed for Lance.", "\n\n“This powerful bird [hawk] can awaken visionary power and lead you to your life purpose. ", "It is the messenger bird, and wherever is shows up, pay attention. ", "There is a message coming.” ", "from Animal Speak, by Ted Andrews.", "\n\nIn the Spring before Lance’s death, I got to spend more time with him, giving him Reiki and quietly sitting with him. ", "I was able to let all the words I wanted to say to him, and all the love I felt for him flow through my hands, through my touch. ", "His gift to me was that he received that love. ", "We got to communicate without words…and share sacred time together…the biggest exchange of LOVE I had ever experienced with another human being that I wasn’t related to. ", "It was a soul love, without form or expectation.", "\n\nThe day Lance died was a beautiful hot June day. ", "He was at home, in his bed, made peaceful with morphine. ", "A friend of Lance’s stopped by to see him and brought a hawk wing, not knowing that Lance had an affiliation with hawk, but feeling called to do it. ", "Lance died 10 hours later, surrounded by dear friends and Nancy holding him in the bed and his mother by his side.", "\n\nThere was a beautiful ceremony for his life at the Shambala Center – a buddhist center here in town. ", "His body lay in a cardboard casket. ", "He wore his favorite hat and favorite T-shirt that said “Love More, Fear Less”. ", "The hawk wing was placed on his chest. ", "We kept Lance’s body on dry ice for 3 days and friends took turns staying with him so he was never alone, sleeping with him in shifts. ", "It’s hard to describe the holy atmosphere of the place in the middle of the night, sitting in solitude with Lance, candles flickering, watching the room start to lighten with the morning sun.", "\n\n“I Am Always Watching” by Amelie Gentry\n\nAfter Lance died, so many people reported fantastic hawk sightings, myself included. ", "Nancy had one experience with the kids where a hawk came flying right down the middle of the street towards them, at eye level, and flew right past them. ", "They all felt that they had just had a visitation from Lance.", "\n\nI am missing Lance and really missing that beautiful heart of his. ", "It’s hard to lose something that feels that sweet. ", "I had a dream about Lance the other day, and there he was in my dream, so loving and kind, smiling. ", "It was good to feel him again. ", "One thing I committed to, after Lance died, was to always let the people in my life know how much I love them…Lance taught me about being loving. ", "He taught me that there is beauty and grace in openly loving people and not hiding it. ", "After Reiki he would often say “I love you” and it felt so good to hear it from him. ", "His face was open and radiant and all the love in his heart came pouring out of his eyes.", "\n\nShare this:\n\nLike this:\n\nMy husband shared an article with me about a whale “Varvara” who journeyed from Russia to Mexico and back again on a completely new migratory path – solo – setting a record for the longest migration ever for a mammal.", "\n\nWhat made this she-whale venture into the watery deep, without familiar landmarks or celestial navigation, creating a brand new migratory pattern, eschewing the ancient wisdom of her mother? ", "The article states: “she made her way from Russia to Alaska by swimming straight across the Bering Sea, an area with deep water and little in the way of landmarks to guide her. ", "Instead of retracing her steps on the return journey, she swam a new path”.", "\n\n“Varvara” I whisper to myself. ", "Something about this story touches a chord in my own mammal heart, and I can feel it beat faster as I shiver with wonder and awe at the enormity and solitude of this epic quest. ", "Something else, deeper still, thrums with recognition as I see my life unfold, making its own unique arc, separate from my mother’s path. ", "Forging my way into the deep, the dark, the uncharted. ", "I am sure there were many times that my mother wondered if I was lost, and sent prayers up to the starry sky that I would find my way.", "\n\nI think of my own daughter, who has not taken any route I have painstakingly laid out for her. ", "She has stroked a new path – and I have wrung my hands and wept when I couldn’t see her, lost in the high seas of her choosing. ", "But I know, on a deep inner level, that my girl must be given the freedom to go her own way – trusting her own sonar, feeling the inner turnings of her compass. ", "And I must as well, setting out for more unknown, no manual, no familiar land mass, stepping into the mystery. ", "Re-birthing again and again and again.", "\n\nOn the eve of the new moon, Kelley Rosano has this to say about change: “What happens when you have one foot in the boat (new life) and one foot on the dock (old life)? ", "Yes, your butt ends up in the water. ", "We do not have to know how the future will work out to move forward. ", "You are being asked to have courage, faith and trust. ", "You may begin a new life, a new career and a new relationship. ", "These can be better than your wildest imagination.", "\n\nThe ego goes into fear because it can’t control what is happening. ", "Control is an illusion. ", "The only thing we can control is our response to what is happening. ", "The ego is going into fear because you have never been here before. ", "You are charting new territory. ", "So, when the ego pulls up past occurrences that are fear based to understand your current experience. ", "This too is an illusion.”", "\n\nShare this:\n\nLike this:\n\nThree years ago, over the course of three months, I lost 3 friends. ", "They didn’t die, they dumped me. ", "All of these relationships ended abruptly and each one of them came as a surprise to me. ", "I’d love to have a nice new age explanation for why these friendships ended – like, it was time for anything and anyone that doesn’t serve to end – but all I really know, is that they did. ", "End that is.", "\n\nI didn’t want anyone to know that someone I had considered one of my closest friends no longer wanted to be in relationship with me. ", "You know that phrase “You’re only as sick as your secrets?” ", "well I kept this a secret for a long time. ", "Only my husband and one or two close friends knew. ", "Recently, as I was confessing all of this to another friend, she shared that she had recently had some friendships end too. “", "There’s no term for friend divorce.” ", "she said. ", "As we spoke, I realized that I’ve been carrying a sense of shame about these endings and feeling very secretive about it. ", "I can feel guilt and hurt, but carrying shame is toxic. ", "Why is it that the very thing I am embarrassed about in myself, I can accept and understand in somebody else? ", "I wonder if other women are walking around feeling shame about friendships that have ended.", "\n\nsad me, feeling vulnerable, 3 years ago\n\nA few weeks ago, I was in a group that was studying with Ann Drucker, and we were discussing the shaman practice of “dismemberment.” ", "In a shamanic journey, it can be common to experience dismemberment by one’s spirit guide. ", "This is a unique experience for each person, but it’s common to be literally torn apart, limb from limb, or eaten/ingested so that there is nothing left of you. ", "The spirit guide does this with great intention and service to the individual, in order to tear down and clear away the old, what no longer serves, ego.", "\n\nMake no mistake about it – enlightenment is a destructive process. ", "It has nothing to do with becoming better or being happier. ", "Enlightenment is the crumbling away of untruth. ", "It’s seeing through the facade of pretense. ", "It’s the complete eradication of everything we imagined to be true. – ", "Adyashanti\n\nI started thinking about my past relationships and wondered if on some energetic, karmic plane, these particular friendships were dismemberment gifts to me. ", "I have no idea, but I can say that looking at these endings with this lens is comforting. ", "I felt totally naked, exposed, raw when these friendships ended – one in particular. ", "She wrote me an email and said terrible things to me about my character – things I would never have thought a friend would say – I did feel like my heart was ripped open – the same way a Jaguar spirit animal might eat my flesh. ", "But what if that was the gift? ", "I hardly ever know why things happen the way they do…that’s actually one thing I’m looking forward to when I die – I hope I get let in on the mysteries of life! ", "But I do trust the universe. ", "And I do trust that these friendships ended for a reason.", "\n\nFast forward to last week, sitting in my car, on the phone with a friend, both of us confessing about our ended relationships and both of us realizing that we carry shame and secrecy around this. ", "As we talked, she gave me a gift. ", "She said “People are complex. ", "We have our faults. ", "We’re not perfect. ", "But I know this, if any one of those people reached out to you today and asked if you would meet with them, you would say “yes”, wouldn’t you?” ", "I said “Of course!” ", "and just like that, I re-membered myself. ", "I RE-MEMBERED myself! ", "All the shame, all the embarrassement, all the secrecy I’d been carrying for years started to lift. ", "Yes, I am imperfect. ", "I am horribly hormonal sometimes. ", "Ugh. ", "I am flawed. ", "But I am also unflinching in crisis. ", "I am always, always willing to try again. ", "I have a gentle and kind heart. ", "And my friend reminded me, to re-member who I am. ", "I AM. ", "And that is another gift of the shamanic spirit guide, after they dismember you, they re-member you so that you are complete. ", "Whole. ", "It took me awhile to remember myself, years to be exact, but I am more whole today because of those friendships.", "\n\nThese days, I am filled with gratitude for the women in my life. ", "I am blessed to experience the level of intimacy in my relationships that I do. ", "I feel humbled with the abundance of love that is beamed at me, regularly! ", "I’m still me, I didn’t suddenly become the greatest person in the world. ", "I do keep working on myself and try to own my shit, when I’m aware of it. ", "The one common thread that all my relationships have currently is the quality of “leaning in.” ", "I can truly lean in to my friends and they can lean in to me. ", "Each of them have seen me in my rawness, my vulnerability and my imperfection and loved me anyway. ", "Inspite of. ", "Because of. ", "Deep gratitude to the women in my life – all of them. ", "Past. ", "Present. ", "Future.", "\n\nI’m FREE!", "\n\nand PS – thank you to my husband who midwifed me through all my grief during that time, even as he struggled to understand what the big deal was. ", "I love you.", "\n\nShare this:\n\nLike this:\n\nThis story is about love, all the good ones are. ", "And forgiveness. ", "Before there was that, an incredible amount of wrong-doing happened, because it seems we always hurt the ones we love most, don’t we? ", "As I type on this wintry night in Colorado, the coyotes howl right outside my back door, the sky darkest ink on this new moon. ", "The last few months have been a blur – a kaleidoscope of beautiful experiences colliding into one another and creating a smear of bright colors. ", "I haven’t had the time to stop and fully reflect on each moment and give them the time they deserve. ", "Each experience is worthy of its own chapter, so perhaps this post is just an outline for future writings, each experience building upon the next and setting the stage. ", "Here goes the continuous stream of miracles:\n\nDecember 11th, my 50th birthday. ", "Friends gathered and a book was presented to me, with photos and writings from loved ones. ", "My god-daughter fanning me in the native american tradition with a hawk’s wing, her beautiful mother holding the smoldering cedar. ", "That night, on that birthday, for whatever reason, I was able to receive all the love directed my way and feel full.", "\n\nEarly January, Varanasi, India – under a full moon, on a sandbar in the Ganges, sitting with friends and strangers around a fire, I chant prayers for others, for my family, for myself, and make offerings with sweets, flowers and incense. ", "Of all my experiences in India, this remains one of the most generous and beautiful ones and I come back to it in my mind again and again. ", "I am not always given the gift of knowing how special something is in the moment, and this was one of those moments, one to remember and re-tell.", "\n\nMid January, Rishikesh, India I dipped in the frigid waters of Mata Ganga (Mother Ganges) with my 80 year old mother. ", "The night before I had led our group through a Kundalini yoga kriya called the Hour of Your Death and the next morning I led us in a rebirthing. ", "Smiles were wide, hearts were light and my mother and I embraced in the yoga room as everyone danced to Here Comes The Sun by George Harrison. ", "My birth had not been an easy one 50 years prior and this day felt like a do-over for both of us. ", "We all took our newly born selves down to the water for a dip. ", "There was a chilly fog that made things look even more mystical than they already felt. ", "I felt like daughter and mother all in one, watching over my mother gripping the chain in the rushing water. ", "We submerged, coming up baptized.", "\n\nEarly February, Boulder, Colorado. ", "My daughter came home for the first time in 10 months. ", "The breath I had been holding all this time, slowly exhaled as I felt her presence once again in my house, heard her voice, followed her trail of clothes. ", "She was home for a family occasion, the Bar Mitzvah of my son, her brother. ", "Family and friends came to witness this rite of passage. ", "My children’s father and I, divorced now for 11 years, put aside old quarrels and came together, united in our love for our children. ", "My husband (of almost 10 years) and I shyly presented ourselves at a family dinner where I would see friends and relatives that I hadn’t seen or spoken to since the divorce. ", "Both grandfathers have died in the past 11 years and they were honored and spoken of. ", "Both grandmothers are alive and well and graced us with their presence. ", "In front of the congregation and our community, I released my baby and blessed him into manhood. ", "Symbolic of course, but powerfully potent like all ritual can be. ", "I felt it. ", "He did too.", "\n\nLast weekend, family therapy at my daughter’s school. ", "My ex-husband, my husband, my daughter and son and me. ", "We all showed up with vulnerability and an unflinching commitment to do our work. ", "There were moments of despair, pain, tears and also such compassion and tenderness. ", "The weekend was deep and hard. ", "The weekend was light and full of love. ", "Forgiveness was the oil that kept us all on track, even if sometimes we looked like the most sorry-assed jalopy on the lot. ", "On the last night, before I had to leave, I held my daughter for over an hour, stroking her hair and singing to her. ", "Rearranging my DNA. ", "Deeply comforting. ", "Another rebirth. ", "Our own ceremony.", "\n\nShare this:\n\nLike this:\n\nThis is my first post since May – I don’t even know how that could have happened, but in part, it’s due to writer’s block, which happened the day I signed up for a writer’s workshop in Esalen next July. ", "Another reason I haven’t written is that I have been on a summer vacation at the beach. ", "This summer I needed to relax and restore myself. ", "I wrote myself a perscription, this is what it said: Have Fun. ", "And that’s what I did. ", "I went to yoga, rode my bike, ate good food, swam, paddled, played, parented, visited with friends and family, made new friends. ", "I went for a lot of walks with Andy and Ruby (my dog) and slowly, slowly, my nerves thickened, and my muscles toned and my heart started to reconnect itself.", "\n\nMy daughter hasn’t lived at home since April 23 (who’s counting?) ", "I miss her terribly. ", "Even to write this I can feel the sting of tears behind my eye lids. ", "She’s away, receiving support, getting better. ", "We are here, receiving help, getting better. ", "I guess I haven’t felt much like writing since she’s been gone. ", "Grief is a parasitic creature, living off of my creative resources. ", "I’ve been in an intimate relationship with Grief this year, and I’ve danced all the steps – from disbelief, anger, resentment, refusal to despair, collapse, surrender. ", "Grief brought her gifts ridiculously early, on the very first day of Lili leaving, I was able to see them. ", "I continue to be touched by the kindness of others, the compassion of mothers, the love of my children. ", "But it still hurts – in an open-mouthed “O” of shock at times. ", "Some days I can’t even handle the grocery store because it’s too painful to see somebody who doesn’t know about my life, or does know and asks me about it.", "\n\nFor me, the first chakra, the root, is about being grounded. ", "It’s my sense of place in the world and what makes me feel the safest and most secure. ", "It’s my energetic “home base” and my connection to the earth. ", "When my first chakra is open I feel a sense of well-being and peace. ", "It reminds me of a song my Grandmother used to sing to me:\n\nThe year’s at the Spring, the day’s at the morn, morning’s at 7, the hillside’s dew pearled. ", "The lark on the wing, the snail on the thorn, God’s in his heaven, all’s right with the world.", "\n\nHome Sweet Home\n\nThis is a photo from 2 summers ago, we were all together in Santa Cruz. ", "This is my first chakra picture. ", "In the picture, I’m happy being a mama, I’m smiling at my husband, the kids are clamoring around me, and my world is complete.", "\n\nThese days, I feel like an amputee – learning to live without a limb, something’s missing, someone’s missing. ", "And I trust the universe. ", "I trust my girl’s path. ", "I trust mine. (", "most of the time) I’m standing on this earth, feet planted, my lioness heart pounding in my chest.", "\n\nShare this:\n\nLike this:\n\nI once heard a woman say that as soon as she sat on her yoga mat, she was home. ", "I will go one step further and say, when I sit and connect to my heart, I am home. ", "There’s a lot going on right now for me around the concept of ‘home.’ ", "For years I have prayed to be a “Citizen of the World” living the life of a gypsy, meeting people from different countries and learning about their cultures. ", "I imagined I would have a home base somewhere (Colorado? ", "California?) ", "but most of the time I would be off having adventures – sometimes by myself, sometimes with Andy and sometimes with the kids. ", "As I write this, I think it sounds like the musings of a young girl and perhaps sounds immature. ", "Yet, these “adventures” I’m referring to stem from a deep desire to be of service, to connect from the heart with humanity, to experience the “oneness” in all things and to show this world to my kids. ", "To expand my boundaries into the unfamiliar, because in doing so, I get out of my ‘self’ with a small ‘s’ and see that I am a drop of water in a vast beautiful ocean.", "\n\nI once went to a homeopathist for a consultation. ", "After several hours of questions, she gave me my personal remedy – not for an ailment, but for who I am: Falco peregrinus.", "\n\nKnow what that is? ", "Falcon. ", "Peregrin Falcon. ", "I looked it up. ", "Falco Peregrinus is Latin for Falcon Wanderer. ", "Yup. ", "Sounds about right. ", "I’ve lived in 2 countries and 11 states, and moved over 23 times. ", "In some Native American culture, Falcon is referred to as “The Stranger.” ", "I can relate.", "\n\nAndy and I drove out to California this summer on our 3rd annual road trip. ", "Just us. ", "No cell phone service, no computers. ", "Just the two of us, a great playlist and a lot of sky.", "\n\nBig Sky (somewhere in Utah)\n\nWant to know what’s living for your partner? ", "Sit in a car with them for 2 days. ", "And listen, really listen, to what they have to say. ", "Turns out, sweetie has been phoning it in on our daily life. (", "I knew it!) ", "I’ve been extra busy with kids, India, death work while he’s been busy with work but with a growing dissatisfaction with his time off. ", "This is a guy who is feeling his mortality, a man who loves the ocean and has never lived near one. ", "A man nearing retirement who has never had the luxury of time to himself. ", "I’m all about freedom (falcon, remember?) ", "I never want to feel trapped and sure as hell don’t want my partner to feel trapped.", "\n\nFor the next hour, somewhere in Utah, under the vast expanse of sky, I listened to my husband talk about how unhappy he was in his daily life. ", "How he longs to live near the ocean before he gets too old to appreciate it. ", "How he’s lived in Boulder for the past 28 years and how he’s ready to leave. ", "A life lived for others…wives, companies, children – and now maybe it’s his turn…\n\nThe blessing of this talk was that I heard – really heard – him. ", "I took it seriously. ", "I love him and want him to be happy. ", "I want us to both feel free, never trapped. ", "Andy’s conclusion was that he could never live in CA because I wasn’t ready to make a permanent move – yet. ", "And so, he was trapped. ", "Stuck. ", "Grounded.", "\n\nLong story short…we signed a year lease on a beach cottage in Santa Cruz. ", "Over the next year, Andy will live there two thirds time. ", "I’ll be there at least a third of the year. ", "This means we will be spending some time apart. ", "This means that sometimes I will be living in Boulder without Andy. ", "As much as I consider myself a free spirit, I have been surprisingly challenged by this new arrangement. ", "My beliefs around home, marriage and parenting are crumbling and there is no manual for this! ", "Where is my manual!!! (", "shaking fist!) ", "Once again, I am pioneering a different vision of what is “normal” (I don’t think there is a normal per se) and I can’t find the “how to” manual.", "\n\nHome Sweet Home in Santa Cruz\n\nWhen I am in Santa Cruz, I feel suspended in amber – like I have stepped out of my “real” life into a fantasy life I have dreamed up for myself. ", "I have a beautiufl yoga practice in Santa Cruz with an amazing community that has welcomed me. ", "I ride my bike everywhere. ", "I have a beach house where every thing in it has been carefully chosen by Andy and me. ", "I sit at the harbor and watch dolphins (yes, dolphins) play in the surf. ", "I surf! ", "I paddleboard. ", "I am going to learn the ukelele and paddle the outrigger canoe with other women on Thursday mornings.", "\n\nWhen I’m in Santa Cruz, on a long weekend with Andy, I miss my kids. ", "half of my heart longs to be with them. ", "When Andy and I are apart, I am loving that he is filling up at the beach, giving himself the gift of being near the ocean and I am missing him and looking forward to the time we will be back together. ", "When I am in India, skyping from outer space, nothing could be more poignant that calling my children and getting the answering machine. ", "It’s rare that we are ALL together and when it happens, I cherish it. ", "Heart overflowing.", "\n\n“There is nothing from outside. ", "Try to understand that. ", "All is in you. ", "You are the storehouse of your totality.”" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Not such a bad performance. ", "Enough there to be optimistic about. ", "Forwards were really good for parts but as yet, can't keep up the intensity for long (enough) periods. ", "Gillet tried hard but looks to me that being a middle forward isn't his game. ", "He was often manhandled by their middle forwards.", "\n\nBacks were okay. ", "Bird was ok except for a few mistakes early on. ", "I watch him play and think he would make a good #13. ", "In the centers he merely runs hard and makes good metres. ", "Isaako needs a rocket! ", "No doubt talented but goes missing.", "\n\nOats may well be our most valuable player.", "\n\nAs others have pointed out, our problem is #9, 7, 6, and 1. ", "Boyd talked the talk in the off season so well he had me fooled. ", "But no, based on last night and last season, he is no longer an NRL standard fullback. ", "That Macca is considered QLDs best (available) #9 is scary. ", "He is a tackling machine but not much else. ", "Milford has been going backward for some years now. ", "On last night's performance, his ball playing hasn't improved but his running game regressed. ", "Nikorima is Nikorima. ", "We know what he brings to the table. ", "Does some good things but being an organizing half isn't his game and that given he is partnered with a 5/8 whose game isn't organizing, it magnifies both their deficiencies.", "\n\nMain worry for me is the time Gillet, Boyd, Macca, Milford and Bird are on the books for. ", "I wonder how soon Bennett knew he was on the outer. ", "Can't believe the length of time these guys are signed for. ", "Well, Milford and Bird have just been let-downs but the others should be on the books this year and the club have an option on next year at most!", "\n\nClick to expand...\n\nNews flash, milf was our best player last year and is only one game back from surgery.", "\n\nI agree on both points, but at least they both bust their guts every time they step on the field.", "\n\nI think one of our biggest problems is our captain is the complete opposite. ", "His attitude absolutely stinks. ", "He shows no desperation and no ticker.", "\n\nMcCullough, as slow as he is, gave chase all the way on Scott even though he knew he was never going to get him. ", "Boyd gave up.", "\n\nBoyd gave up on Kaufusi, Kaufusi dropped the ball anyway.", "\nBoyd gave up on another of their try scorers, even when he was close enough to put pressure on him if he wanted to.", "\nI believe Boyd wanted nothing to do with tackling Bromwich, otherwise I just don’t understand how he falls for a dummy and gets stepped when all the support players were comfortably covered.", "\nThere is a break and Oates, the opposite winger, is there in support but Boyd, the fullback, is no where to be seen.", "\n\nIt’s just terrible leadership, is toxic to team culture and stunts the development and success of such a young and impressionable squad.", "\n\nIt’s no surprise the teams that have strong squads and sustained success have strong leaders providing the kids with someone to look up to and aspire to emulate. ", "We simply don’t have that.", "\n\nClick to expand...\n\nI don't think anyone is going to deny that Macca has a huge heart. ", "He just lacks the vision and the skill.", "\n\nThe question then is why can't we.? ", "Do we sign dumbcunts who can't learn a system?.", "\nBellamys' structures are simple enough. ", "We were supposed to be training at 30% above game speed for months, we had the ball in hand at training months earlier than normal and our style didn't change from last year so we really don't have an excuse.", "\nNo doubt we had a dig and kept aiming up, let's hope the improvement comes quickly.", "\n\nClick to expand...\n\nCan't help but fully agree with this. ", "There's too many excuses for this team. ", "It's only Round 1 is a bullshit excuse. ", "We looked lost, disorganised and flustered in attack. ", "No cohesion, what's the point of pre season training? ", "I'm sick and tired of the excuses. ", "The great teams don't make excuses, they go out there and get the job done. ", "It's not like our team hasn't played together ever before. ", "It's ridiculous the mediocrity that is seeping into the fans and the club and team.", "\n\nGive them time? ", "Please lol. ", "There were a few positives to take out from last night like us hanging in there, we defended well in parts and our 2nd half attack looked ok but other than that? ", "Garbage. ", "Lodge attacking the legs of Munster in the 1st minute was just stupid, it shouldn't happen and the Storm score off that. ", "Milf throwing a hospital pass to Bird and then Bird fumbling and Storm pick it up and score, again that shouldn't happen because Milf has been playing 1st grade for 5 years now and should have vision to know NOT to throw those kind of passes. ", "It would of been 16-0 half time is Kaufusi didn't drop it while going for the try. ", "Storm butchered a few chances so we were lucky to be only 10-0 down, it wasn't all our hard work in D.\n\nC'mon guys, some of you need to get real. ", "I can accept the loss, wasn't expecting us to beat the Storm but we ALL should expect BETTER. ", "Much better. ", "The Storm forwards were making so many post contact metres, we just couldn't bring them down and that's because the Storm are ruthless EVERY second of EVERY minute and are just hungry to **** demolish teams. ", "When our forwards ran, we were mostly brought down immediately or pushed back or put on our back for a slow play the ball, and why is that? ", "Because we aren't hungry mentally and were probably intimidated by the Storm and just bent over. ", "We definitely tried hard, no doubt but we all know we can and should do better.", "\n\nTPJ was almost jogging when he hit the ball up, c'mon wtf is that? ", "If he's carrying an injury, fair enough, sit him out and put someone else in. ", "What happened to a forward running very hard and at pace? ", "Why all the side stepping by a forward and running sideways? ", "It's embarrassing as a fan to see the Storm simply toy with us, it honestly looked like a training drill at times and if you're honest you will admit that. ", "It looked like we were boys against men and I'm sick of it. ", "Again, I'm ok with losing a game and can understand we can't win every game but why all the excuses for this team? ", "Why are we accepting mediocrity? ", "Bullshit excuses? ", "It's Seibold's first game, the team needs time to click and figure out structures and systems.", "\n\nNo, they are professional athletes who train almost every day. ", "They had since December when Seibold came in to figure out how to attack and defend in his system but you don't need to learn a system to learn how to run very hard and get up for a quick play the ball. ", "You don't need to learn a system to know not to attack a kickers legs and cost your team a penalty and then a try and get suspended for 2 matches. ", "You don't need to learn a system for your 5/8 to have vision to know when not to throw a pass because the defense is on your outside man. ", "Some of the things this team lacks is confidence and common sense. ", "I'm not saying our season is done, it's only 1 game I understand that but I'm just over all these excuses some of you make for this team.", "\n\nLodge should definitely contest the charge or grading whatever. ", "He makes contact with Munster on the hip but due to Munster rising it looked way worse than it was. ", "10 weeks on the sideline, available for the Blues.", "\n\nCan't help but fully agree with this. ", "There's too many excuses for this team. ", "It's only Round 1 is a bullshit excuse. ", "We looked lost, disorganised and flustered in attack. ", "No cohesion, what's the point of pre season training? ", "I'm sick and tired of the excuses. ", "The great teams don't make excuses, they go out there and get the job done. ", "It's not like our team hasn't played together ever before. ", "It's ridiculous the mediocrity that is seeping into the fans and the club and team.", "\n\nGive them time? ", "Please lol. ", "There were a few positives to take out from last night like us hanging in there, we defended well in parts and our 2nd half attack looked ok but other than that? ", "Garbage. ", "Lodge attacking the legs of Munster in the 1st minute was just stupid, it shouldn't happen and the Storm score off that. ", "Milf throwing a hospital pass to Bird and then Bird fumbling and Storm pick it up and score, again that shouldn't happen because Milf has been playing 1st grade for 5 years now and should have vision to know NOT to throw those kind of passes. ", "It would of been 16-0 half time is Kaufusi didn't drop it while going for the try. ", "Storm butchered a few chances so we were lucky to be only 10-0 down, it wasn't all our hard work in D.\n\nC'mon guys, some of you need to get real. ", "I can accept the loss, wasn't expecting us to beat the Storm but we ALL should expect BETTER. ", "Much better. ", "The Storm forwards were making so many post contact metres, we just couldn't bring them down and that's because the Storm are ruthless EVERY second of EVERY minute and are just hungry to **** demolish teams. ", "When our forwards ran, we were mostly brought down immediately or pushed back or put on our back for a slow play the ball, and why is that? ", "Because we aren't hungry mentally and were probably intimidated by the Storm and just bent over. ", "We definitely tried hard, no doubt but we all know we can and should do better.", "\n\nTPJ was almost jogging when he hit the ball up, c'mon wtf is that? ", "If he's carrying an injury, fair enough, sit him out and put someone else in. ", "What happened to a forward running very hard and at pace? ", "Why all the side stepping by a forward and running sideways? ", "It's embarrassing as a fan to see the Storm simply toy with us, it honestly looked like a training drill at times and if you're honest you will admit that. ", "It looked like we were boys against men and I'm sick of it. ", "Again, I'm ok with losing a game and can understand we can't win every game but why all the excuses for this team? ", "Why are we accepting mediocrity? ", "Bullshit excuses? ", "It's Seibold's first game, the team needs time to click and figure out structures and systems.", "\n\nNo, they are professional athletes who train almost every day. ", "They had since December when Seibold came in to figure out how to attack and defend in his system but you don't need to learn a system to learn how to run very hard and get up for a quick play the ball. ", "You don't need to learn a system to know not to attack a kickers legs and cost your team a penalty and then a try and get suspended for 2 matches. ", "You don't need to learn a system for your 5/8 to have vision to know when not to throw a pass because the defense is on your outside man. ", "Some of the things this team lacks is confidence and common sense. ", "I'm not saying our season is done, it's only 1 game I understand that but I'm just over all these excuses some of you make for this team.", "\n\nCan't help but fully agree with this. ", "There's too many excuses for this team. ", "It's only Round 1 is a bullshit excuse. ", "We looked lost, disorganised and flustered in attack. ", "No cohesion, what's the point of pre season training? ", "I'm sick and tired of the excuses. ", "The great teams don't make excuses, they go out there and get the job done. ", "It's not like our team hasn't played together ever before. ", "It's ridiculous the mediocrity that is seeping into the fans and the club and team.", "\n\nClick to expand...\n\nConsidering that was the first game our spine has played together since the final against the Dragons, I'm not surprised.", "\n\nTPJ was almost jogging when he hit the ball up, c'mon wtf is that? ", "If he's carrying an injury, fair enough, sit him out and put someone else in. ", "What happened to a forward running very hard and at pace? ", "Why all the side stepping by a forward and running sideways? ", "It's embarrassing as a fan to see the Storm simply toy with us, it honestly looked like a training drill at times and if you're honest you will admit that. ", "It looked like we were boys against men and I'm sick of it. ", "Again, I'm ok with losing a game and can understand we can't win every game but why all the excuses for this team? ", "Why are we accepting mediocrity? ", "Bullshit excuses? ", "It's Seibold's first game, the team needs time to click and figure out structures and systems.", "\n\nClick to expand...\n\nThis reply had a lot of good points in it except almost everything in this paragraph.", "\n\nTPJ was hitting the line hard, if that's jogging to you, well I assume you are Usain Bolt. ", "The other forwards could have run harder but you try and sprint after not having the ball for the first 10-15 minutes and tackling yourself to a standstill in that time and THEN sprint into the line. ", "That first 20 minutes took all the steam out of the Broncs and if you think the Storm or anyone else would have been any different in round 1 if the roles were reversed, I'd be astonished.", "\n\nIt did look like training drills for the Storm, there is a reason they are one of the two best sides in the comp and have been for a very long time, they know what everyone needs to do and they do it well. ", "That continuity is there because they have had the same coach and same game plan for over ten years and are allowed to make it work by the current refereeing model. ", "The Broncs have a new coach and new systems after a disrupted off season. ", "I'd be surprised if many times did better than the Broncs last night if they had the same upheaval. ", "Whether you like it or not, this side needs time to gel and there WERE some clear new plays on show at times last night, it is just that they didn't come off.", "\n\nYou say you are ok with losing a game and then discount the LEGITIMATE reasons why they lost, so are you REALLY ok with losing a game?", "\n\nConsidering that was the first game our spine has played together since the final against the Dragons, I'm not surprised.", "\n\nWere people honestly expecting us to hit the ground running?", "\n\nClick to expand...\n\nYes. ", "I expected them to play well with an allowance for the usual early season roughness. ", "Melbourne hit the ground running, they weren't perfect but from the outset looked pretty good. ", "There's no **** excuse for the Bronco's, plenty of them have played a lot of games together. ", "There were quite a lot of times we looked as though we'd just met and decided to kick a footy around but Melbourne, despite staff changes were so much better in a structural sense. ", "Maybe Bellamy is really that much better than any other coach.", "\n\nCan't help but fully agree with this. ", "There's too many excuses for this team. ", "It's only Round 1 is a bullshit excuse. ", "We looked lost, disorganised and flustered in attack. ", "No cohesion, what's the point of pre season training? ", "I'm sick and tired of the excuses. ", "The great teams don't make excuses, they go out there and get the job done. ", "It's not like our team hasn't played together ever before. ", "It's ridiculous the mediocrity that is seeping into the fans and the club and team.", "\n\nGive them time? ", "Please lol. ", "There were a few positives to take out from last night like us hanging in there, we defended well in parts and our 2nd half attack looked ok but other than that? ", "Garbage. ", "Lodge attacking the legs of Munster in the 1st minute was just stupid, it shouldn't happen and the Storm score off that. ", "Milf throwing a hospital pass to Bird and then Bird fumbling and Storm pick it up and score, again that shouldn't happen because Milf has been playing 1st grade for 5 years now and should have vision to know NOT to throw those kind of passes. ", "It would of been 16-0 half time is Kaufusi didn't drop it while going for the try. ", "Storm butchered a few chances so we were lucky to be only 10-0 down, it wasn't all our hard work in D.\n\nC'mon guys, some of you need to get real. ", "I can accept the loss, wasn't expecting us to beat the Storm but we ALL should expect BETTER. ", "Much better. ", "The Storm forwards were making so many post contact metres, we just couldn't bring them down and that's because the Storm are ruthless EVERY second of EVERY minute and are just hungry to **** demolish teams. ", "When our forwards ran, we were mostly brought down immediately or pushed back or put on our back for a slow play the ball, and why is that? ", "Because we aren't hungry mentally and were probably intimidated by the Storm and just bent over. ", "We definitely tried hard, no doubt but we all know we can and should do better.", "\n\nTPJ was almost jogging when he hit the ball up, c'mon wtf is that? ", "If he's carrying an injury, fair enough, sit him out and put someone else in. ", "What happened to a forward running very hard and at pace? ", "Why all the side stepping by a forward and running sideways? ", "It's embarrassing as a fan to see the Storm simply toy with us, it honestly looked like a training drill at times and if you're honest you will admit that. ", "It looked like we were boys against men and I'm sick of it. ", "Again, I'm ok with losing a game and can understand we can't win every game but why all the excuses for this team? ", "Why are we accepting mediocrity? ", "Bullshit excuses? ", "It's Seibold's first game, the team needs time to click and figure out structures and systems.", "\n\nNo, they are professional athletes who train almost every day. ", "They had since December when Seibold came in to figure out how to attack and defend in his system but you don't need to learn a system to learn how to run very hard and get up for a quick play the ball. ", "You don't need to learn a system to know not to attack a kickers legs and cost your team a penalty and then a try and get suspended for 2 matches. ", "You don't need to learn a system for your 5/8 to have vision to know when not to throw a pass because the defense is on your outside man. ", "Some of the things this team lacks is confidence and common sense. ", "I'm not saying our season is done, it's only 1 game I understand that but I'm just over all these excuses some of you make for this team.", "\n\nClick to expand...\n\n100%. ", "Our spine is the same and still the same crap. ", "No direction, poor kicking and kicking options and last tackle options are atrocious.", "\nThe excuse of they need to gel blah blah is poor. ", "They are professionals and they should be hitting the ground running.", "\nOf course I’m not writing them off but they have to lift 10fold to be consistent. ", "It’s the first game but they need to be going already, not by round 10.", "\n\nThis reply had a lot of good points in it except almost everything in this paragraph.", "\n\nTPJ was hitting the line hard, if that's jogging to you, well I assume you are Usain Bolt. ", "The other forwards could have run harder but you try and sprint after not having the ball for the first 10-15 minutes and tackling yourself to a standstill in that time and THEN sprint into the line. ", "That first 20 minutes took all the steam out of the Broncs and if you think the Storm or anyone else would have been any different in round 1 if the roles were reversed, I'd be astonished.", "\n\nIt did look like training drills for the Storm, there is a reason they are one of the two best sides in the comp and have been for a very long time, they know what everyone needs to do and they do it well. ", "That continuity is there because they have had the same coach and same game plan for over ten years and are allowed to make it work by the current refereeing model. ", "The Broncs have a new coach and new systems after a disrupted off season. ", "I'd be surprised if many times did better than the Broncs last night if they had the same upheaval. ", "Whether you like it or not, this side needs time to gel and there WERE some clear new plays on show at times last night, it is just that they didn't come off.", "\n\nYou say you are ok with losing a game and then discount the LEGITIMATE reasons why they lost, so are you REALLY ok with losing a game?", "\n\nClick to expand...\n\nAppreciate the response mate and I respect your views and opinion. ", "I respectfully disagree on most parts though. ", "To me, TPJ was not running full pelt into the defense, I remember one run in the 2nd half where he threw himself into the defense and made 10-15 metres and it was great. ", "Last night, he wasn't really running hard and rather than running hard, pumping his legs to get the post contact metres and a quick play the ball, he'd jostle into the line and look for the off load every time. ", "I appreciate him wanting to offload and yes we need that but it's clear to see he is still hampered by his hammies so maybe if he's not completely 100%, we shouldn't risk him and allow him to overcome that?", "\n\nThis side has been together for years. ", "Bird needs time to gel with the rest of the players because he hasn't really played with us but he was ok last night other than that fumble. ", "He tried. ", "Staggs needs time to gel with us because he too hasn't played many games with us but Macca, Boyd, Milf, Offa, Oates, Isaako, Glenn etc have been together for a year and more plus pre season training etc. ", "I wasn't expecting a 40-0 win but my expectations are obviously different to yours, whether I'm unrealistic or not is not the point, the point is we have different views and that's okay. ", "I expect more from this team.", "\n\nAm I ok with losing? ", "Absolutely. ", "I am disappointed obviously but understand we can't win every game but we can play to a certain standard every game regardless of systems, structures and injuries to go very close to winning every game. ", "We got ourselves to 16-12 and put ourselves in a great position to win the game, but laziness and bad decision making allowed Bromwich is score the try and the game was then over. ", "It was mentally and physically soft. ", "Pure and simple but it's a long season and I'm looking forward to how we improve next game with Lodge and Roberts out. ", "I want to see how mentally tough this team is and what all the pre season hype is about with us.", "\n\nYes. ", "I expected them to play well with an allowance for the usual early season roughness. ", "Melbourne hit the ground running, they weren't perfect but from the outset looked pretty good. ", "There's no **** excuse for the Bronco's, plenty of them have played a lot of games together. ", "There were quite a lot of times we looked as though we'd just met and decided to kick a footy around but Melbourne, despite staff changes were so much better in a structural sense. ", "Maybe Bellamy is really that much better than any other coach.", "\n\nBroncosHQ.com\n\nBroncosHQ.com is a fan forum made and maintained by Brisbane Broncos fans; and has no official affiliation with the Brisbane Broncos Rugby League Football Club beyond the advertising displayed on the website.", "\n\nEstablished 2001.", "\n\nAll opinions expressed are that of the member posting them, and not BroncosHQ. ", "Posts may not be re-produced without author consent." ]

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[ "President Trump took a jab at Fox News anchor Shep Smith who is leaving after 23 years. ", "Smith shocked fellow employees when he quit on-air on Friday afternoon. ", "He had just signed a new multi-million dollar contract a few months ago.", "\n\nSpeculation about what caused the sudden departure came down to the fact that Smith was tired of battling it out with his fellow Fox News anchors over President Trump. ", "Smith made so secret of the fact that he was anti-Trump. ", "He often editorialized on-air to criticize the president.", "\n\nPresident Trump commented on the departure of Shepard Smith with some funny one-liners mocking the Fox News anchor:\n\n‘Is he leaving? ", "Oh, that’s a shame.’", "\n\n‘Is he leaving because of bad ratings? ", "Is he leaving because of me?’", "\n\n‘He had terrible ratings. ", "Is he leaving ’cause of his ratings? ", "I mean, if he’s leaving, I assume he’s leaving because he had bad ratings. ", "He had the worst ratings on Fox.’", "\n\nTrump on Shep Smith leaving Fox News: “I assume it was because of bad ratings.” ", "pic.twitter.com/7itL9OIQt5 — Tom Elliott (@tomselliott) October 11, 2019\n\nAfter 23 years as an anchor on Fox News, the far-left Shep Smith announced that he’d be leaving the network, effective immediately.", "\n\nShep said good bye to his followers this afternoon: “Recently I asked the company to allow me to leave FOX News and begin a new chapter. ", "After requesting that I stay, they graciously obliged. ", "The opportunities afforded this guy from small town Mississippi have been many. ", "It’s been an honor and a privilege to report the news each day to our loyal audience in context and with perspective, without fear or favor. ", "I’ve worked with the most talented, dedicated and focused professionals I know and I’m proud to have anchored their work each day — I will deeply miss them.” ", "Watch: https://twitter.com/ndrew_lawrence/status/1182748239658999811?s=20\n\nDo You Support Amy Coney Barrett For Supreme Court Justice?", "\n\nYes No Just show the results\n\nEnter your email to see the results... *\n\nPhone This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.", "\n\nCompleting this poll entitles you to 100 Percent Fed Up updates free of charge. ", "You may opt out at anytime with a single click. ", "Here's our Privacy Policy.", "\n\nThe Never-Trump, liberal host helped Fox News to check a box in their promise to be “fair and balanced” in their coverage of the news. ", "Shep Smith didn’t disappoint—he approached negative news like the phony Trump-Russian collusion story about President Trump with the same level of excitement a child waking up to find Christmas presents under the tree. ", "His enthusiasm for “gotcha” news when it came to Trump, members of his family, or his administration was unmatched.", "\n\n#BREAKING: Shep Smith stepping down at Fox News Smith: “Recently I asked the company to allow me to leave FOX News and begin a new chapter. ", "After requesting that I stay, they graciously obliged.\" ", "pic.twitter.com/RVC1ojCS12 — Sara Fischer (@sarafischer) October 11, 2019\n\nFellow Never-Trump Fox News host Neil Cavuto was apparently stunned by the news of Smith’s departure, telling his viewers he was ‘heartbroken’ by the news.", "\n\nNEIL CAVUTO looks stunned at Shep Smith's decision to leave. \"", "Whoa,\" he just told viewers. \"", "I'm Neil Cavuto and, like you, I'm a little stunned and a little heartbroken.\" — ", "Michael M. Grynbaum (@grynbaum) October 11, 2019\n\nHollywood Reporter – Fox News president Jay Wallace, who was once Smith’s producer, said in a statement: “Shep is one of the premier newscasters of his generation and his extraordinary body of work is among the finest journalism in the industry. ", "His integrity and outstanding reporting from the field helped put Fox News on the map, and there is simply no better breaking news anchor who has the ability to transport a viewer to a place of conflict, tragedy, despair or elation through his masterful delivery.”", "\n\nWallace continued: “We are proud of the signature reporting and anchoring style he honed at Fox News, along with everything he accomplished here during his monumental 23-year tenure. ", "While this day is especially difficult as his former producer, we respect his decision and are deeply grateful for his immense contributions to the entire network.”", "\n\nThe 3 p.m. hour on Fox News will be hosted by “a series of rotating anchors … until a new dayside news program is announced,” the network said.", "\n\nWhat do you think? ", "Will you miss the Fox News host or are you happy to see him leave? ", "Share your thoughts with us in the comment section below." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nLaravel 5/ 5.4 paginator is not working in NGINX production environement\n\nIn my local environment i did $items = Model::paginate(10); and it worked. ", "Then i pushed it to production and when i click on the pagination links it displays page 1 again and again. ", "then i did dd($items). ", "i found that the current Page property of length aware pagination is not changing when i change the address to /items?page=*. ", "How to make current page property change accordingly or there is some thing else? ", "thanks in advance\n\nA:\n\nI am using ubuntu 16.04 nginx server. ", "The problem was that $_GET session variables were not being set properly. ", "so what I did was inside /etc/nginx/sites-available/default and inside location / block/ directive I changed try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string; to try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; and it worked. ", "Or see Laravel 5 - NGINX Server Config Issue with URL Query Strings\n\n" ]

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[ "Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, Chillicothe, Ohio, has preserved 5 earth works, Mound City Group, Hopeton Earthworks, High Bank Works, Hopewell Mound Group, and Seip Earthworks from the Hopewell culture that flourished in the woodlands of eastern North America between 200 B.C. and A.D. 500. ", "The Mound City Group also has an interesting museum with a collection of artifacts that is well worth seeing. ", "The Ohio River Valley has been inhabited for over 12,000 years. ", "http://www.nps.gov/hocu/http://www.stateparks.com/hopewell_culture.html" ]

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[ "This Old Man Came Rolling Home\n\nA Winnipeg man who turned an East Kildonan garage into an impromptu passion pit paid a stiff price yesterday for his heavy petting session with a stuffed toy dog.", "\n\nThe 27-year-old man pleaded guilty to mischief and break, enter and theft and was sentenced to six months in jail.", "\n\nCourt heard Winnipeg police were called shortly before 6 p.m. on March 26 after a Chelsea Avenue resident spotted the man breaking into her garage. ", "The man exited the garage a short time later and moved on to a neighbour’s garage, where he stole a lawn mower, a mountain bike, a blanket and a stuffed toy dog.", "\n\nThe man eventually returned to the first garage, where police found him nearly two hours later passed out inside a boat.", "\n\n“He was lying there with his genitalia exposed next to the stuffed dog,” said Crown attorney John Peden. “", "While the police report doesn’t describe it this way, the dog might be appropriately characterized as now being anatomically correct, as opposed to its condition before he removed it.”", "\n\nI can’t even begin to understand what that means. ", "It sounds like he fucked a stuffed toy, but no one would do that, right?" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nDetect whether iPhone is displaying time in 12-Hour or 24-Hour Mode?", "\n\nHow can you detect whether iPhone is displaying time in 12-Hour or 24-Hour Mode?", "\nI currently monitor the current region for changes, however that's not the only setting that affects how times are displayed. ", "The 24-hour toggle in the date & time settings overrides the current regions settings.", "\nIs there any way to detect this 12/14 hour setting?", "\n\nA:\n\nI've figured out a decent way of determining this with a little function I've added to a category of NSLocale. ", "It appears to be pretty accurate and haven't found any problems with it while testing with several regions.", "\n@implementation NSLocale (Misc)\n- (BOOL)timeIs24HourFormat {\n NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];\n [formatter setDateStyle:NSDateFormatterNoStyle];\n [formatter setTimeStyle:NSDateFormatterShortStyle];\n NSString *dateString = [formatter stringFromDate:[NSDate date]];\n NSRange amRange = [dateString rangeOfString:[formatter AMSymbol]];\n NSRange pmRange = [dateString rangeOfString:[formatter PMSymbol]];\n BOOL is24Hour = amRange.location == NSNotFound && pmRange.location == NSNotFound;\n [formatter release];\n return is24Hour;\n}\n@end\n\n" ]

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[ "How do you buy a health insurance plan? ", "If you just settle with the plan your agent sells or are happy knowing you have bought the cheapest plan, there is a bit of unlearning and a lot of learning in store for you. ", "A health insurance policy packs in several features and caveats. ", "To give you a ready comparison, we designed Mint SecureNow Mediclaim Ratings (MSMR). ", "The full ratings along with the methodology can be seen here: http://www.livemint.com/mediratings.", "\n\nIn the ratings, for family floater plans, we have considered two sum insured amounts ( ₹ 10 lakh and ₹ 20 lakh) and three age categories in each—eldest insured member is 35, 45 or 65 years old. ", "For individual plans, the sum assured amounts are ₹ 5 lakh, ₹ 10 lakh and ₹ 20 lakh. ", "The ages covered are 35, 45, 65 and 70 years.", "\n\nThis week, we spotlight individual policies with sum assured Rs.5 lakh, where the person is 35 years old.", "\n\nWe also explain some of the important aspects that one should look at while choosing a policy.", "\n\nLet’s look at disease-wise capping. ", "Other than the waiting period, insurers will also specify the amount that they would pay for specified illnesses. ", "For instance, most insurance companies specify caps on cataract. ", "That’s because the cost of treatment varies from ₹ 10,000 to ₹ 1 lakh. ", "So, in order to limit its risk, an insurer may institute caps. ", "Other than that, insurers may also want to limit their liability on major illnesses. ", "Insurers do this to bring their risk down, which may get reflected through cheaper premium. ", "We, however, prefer a comprehensive plan with fewer sub-limits, hence lower the sub-limit, higher the score." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Q:\n\nSetting up a dynamic web project with maven and eclipse\n\nI am setting up a web project with maven and eclipse\nI followed the steps given here \nJava Dynamic Web project with Maven and Eclipse\nNow in my eclipse IDE I have a web project with the maven directory structure, I have installed m2e plugin. ", "On doing right click on the project I see a maven option. ", "\nNow I am a little confused. ", "How do I clean build and run the project? ", "In the tutorials on \nthe net I see a black command prompt where developers run some commands. ", "Is something else to be done?. ", "Do I have to install\nmaven in my windows system? ", "Won't I be able to do all the process from within eclipse?", "\n\nA:\n\nHow do I clean build and run the project?", "\n\nYou will find on the option here\nright-click on the project --> Run as --> Maven clean/build/install\n\nMaven Clean will fire the mvn clean command\nMaven Install will fire the mvn install\nMaven Build . ", "Thats just a generic interface to define custom goals\nand properties for a new maven build configuration.", "\n\nIn the tutorials on the net I see a black command prompt where developers run some commands. ", "Is something else to be done?. ", "Do I have to install maven in my windows system?", "\n\nThat is completely your choice, if you are comfortable with using the maven from command prompt then yes you will have to install maven in your operating system also. ", "Otherwise if you just going to use maven from within eclipse, then you don't have to set it up on your OS at all\n\nWon't I be able to do all the process from within eclipse?", "\n\nYes you can, but sometimes some other commands have to be used besides clean/install , like the deploy command, or any-other , for that, take a look into the Maven Build option. ", "You can make custom configurations here from within eclipse and fire any maven command with arguments as you like.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0007316033588722348, 0.0015440109418705106, 0.0006626102258451283, 0.001744339824654162, 0.0006115177529864013, 0.0007184712449088693, 0.002696722513064742, 0.0006789775216020644, 0.0014789137057960033, 0.012513812631368637, 0.000889141287188977, 0.0006115177529864013, 0.0007184712449088693, 0.002696722513064742, 0.0006910174270160496, 0.0009122476913034916, 0.0006623630761168897, 0.001033531385473907, 0.0019954426679760218 ]

[ "Synthetic porcine secretin is highly accurate in pancreatic function testing in individuals with chronic pancreatitis.", "\nThe secretin stimulation test is the most sensitive and specific test for pancreatic function. ", "It is usually performed using biologically derived porcine secretin. ", "Several shortages of biologic porcine secretin have occurred in the past few years. ", "The aim of this study was to compare synthetic porcine secretin to biologic porcine secretin in pancreatic function testing in subjects with chronic pancreatitis. ", "Twelve patients with a previously abnormal secretin stimulation test were enrolled. ", "After an overnight fast, each patient underwent a secretin stimulation test on 2 consecutive days using 1 CU/kg biologic porcine secretin or 0.2 [microg/kg synthetic porcine secretin in a randomized fashion. ", "The peak bicarbonate concentration in duodenal juice was used as a measure of pancreatic function. ", "The peak bicarbonate concentration (mean +/- SD) obtained by using biologic porcine secretin and synthetic porcine secretin were 70 +/- 25 mEq/L and 68 +/- 31 mEq/L, respectively (p = 0.58, paired t test; R = 0.964). ", "The accuracy of synthetic porcine secretin in diagnosing pancreatic insufficiency was 100% when compared with biologic porcine secretin. ", "We conclude that synthetic porcine secretin is highly accurate and safe in pancreatic function testing. ", "The 100% purity, excellent diagnostic accuracy, and ready availability make synthetic porcine secretin an attractive choice for secretin stimulation testing." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0020734635181725025, 0.0023026755079627037, 0.0006488248473033309, 0.0005888489540666342, 0.0008776953327469528, 0.0009182145586237311, 0.0006718785152770579, 0.0017083317507058382, 0.0006301272078417242, 0.0007013378199189901, 0.0006328977178782225, 0.0005682340124621987 ]

[ "Copper-mediated, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 3-iodochromones, thiochromones, and quinolones with ethyl bromodifluoroacetate.", "\nThe palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 3-iodochromones, thiochromones, and quinolones with ethyl bromodifluoroacetate in the presence of a copper mediator is reported. ", "Under optimized conditions, all reactions worked well and provided difluoro-containing products in moderate to excellent yields." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0011377485934644938, 0.0008486142614856362, 0.0005524586304090917 ]

[ "Factor XI-dependent reciprocal thrombin generation consolidates blood coagulation when tissue factor is not available.", "\nFeedback activation of factor XI by thrombin is a likely alternative for tissue factor-dependent propagation of thrombus formation. ", "However, the hypothesis that thrombin can initiate and propagate its formation in a factor XI-dependent and platelet-dependent manner has not been tested in a plasma milieu. ", "We investigated thrombin generation in recalcified platelet-rich plasma activated with varying amounts of thrombin or factor VIIa. ", "Thrombin initiates and propagates dose-dependently thrombin generation only when platelets and plasma factor XI are present. ", "Incubation of thrombin-activated platelets with a tissue factor neutralizing antibody had no effect on thrombin formation, indicating that platelet-associated tissue factor, if present at all, is not involved. ", "In the absence of factor VIII, thrombin could not initiate its own formation, whereas factor VIIa-induced thrombin generation was reduced. ", "Collagen strongly stimulated both thrombin-initiated and factor VIIa-initiated thrombin generation. ", "These findings support the notion that platelet-localized feedback activation of factor XI by thrombin plays an important role in maintaining normal hemostasis as well as in sustaining thrombus formation when the TF pathway is inhibited by tissue factor pathway inhibitor." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0010760833974927664, 0.0008600283181294799, 0.0007233272772282362, 0.0006728874868713319, 0.0009964462369680405, 0.0007710224599577487, 0.0008870033198036253, 0.000877991842571646, 0.000675640651024878 ]

[ "This is my latest project, I bet you know by now that when I get an idea in my head I get almost obsessed. ", "I think it's quite rare that the stores get it just right, maybe you like the idea but not the style or vice versa. ", "To get it right you have to do it yourself. ", "The t-shirt was actually just a test, what I was really trying to do is something you'll see soon!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.005882760975509882, 0.0005661437753587961, 0.0020018210634589195, 0.007473793812096119 ]

[ "Light-emitting properties of recombinant semi-synthetic aequorins and recombinant fluorescein-conjugated aequorin for measuring cellular calcium.", "\n15 kinds of recombinant semi-synthetic aequorins and a recombinant fluorescein-conjugated aequorin were prepared and their properties in Ca(2+)-triggered luminescence were studied. ", "The semi-synthetic aequorins showed a wide range of Ca(2+)-sensitivity. ", "The luminescence intensity of a high-sensitivity type (hcp-aequorin) was greater than 10(4)-times that of a low-sensitivity type (n-aequorin) at pCa 6.0-6.5. ", "The fluorescein-conjugated aequorin exhibited fluorescence in addition to the Ca(2+)-triggered luminescence, thus it can be used to visualize the diffusion and distribution of aequorin in cells. ", "The data obtained, particularly the Ca(2+)-sensitivity curves, are useful in selecting a suitable semi-synthetic aequorin for an experiment." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0007196684018708766, 0.0007277430850081146, 0.0006465140613727272, 0.0006023928872309625, 0.0006354337092489004, 0.0005240196478553116 ]

[ "/* ******************************************************************************\n * Copyright (c) 2006-2016 XMind Ltd. and others.", "\n * \n * This file is a part of XMind 3. ", "XMind releases 3 and\n * above are dual-licensed under the Eclipse Public License (EPL),\n * which is available at http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html\n * and the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), \n * which is available at http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html\n * See https://www.xmind.net/license.html for details.", "\n * \n * Contributors:\n * XMind Ltd. - initial API and implementation\n *******************************************************************************/\n/**\n * \n */\npackage org.xmind.core.internal.tests;\n\nimport org.xmind.core.*;", "\nimport org.xmind.core.io.*;", "\n\n/**\n * @author Frank Shaka\n *\n */\npublic class WorkbookTestCaseBase {\n\n /**\n * @param storage\n * @return\n */\n protected IWorkbook createWorkbook(IStorage storage) {\n return Core.getWorkbookBuilder().createWorkbook(storage);\n }\n\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.042038604617118835, 0.0010147937573492527, 0.0005733121652156115, 0.004668836947530508, 0.0009615815943107009, 0.0009410761413164437 ]

[ "Test us - FREE. ", "No obligation, no payment details required.", "\n\nActor - Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, Deathstalker 2, Supervixens, Attack Of The 60-Foot Centerfold, Every Girl Should Have One, Night Of The Scarecrow (as The Warlock), Maximum Revenge, Click (TV series)[more...]\n\nJohn LaZar is an American actor of both stage and screen, best remembered for his lead role as Ronnie 'Z-man' Barzell in the 1970s Russ Meyer film Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, co-written by Meyer and Roger Ebert.", "\nLaZar grew up in San Francisco, California and is of Mediterranean and Native American heritage. ", "He trained at the American Conservatory Theatre and has studied acting with Uta Hagen. ", "A veteran of many Shakespearean stage productions, Lazar is also a martial arts expert and fencer.", "\nLaZar later appeared in Russ Meyer's Supervixens and Roger Corman's Deathstalker II." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0007942488882690668, 0.0006266915006563067, 0.0007618658128194511, 0.0008622597670182586, 0.0006506753852590919, 0.0011366187827661633, 0.0008972542127594352 ]

[ "\" Previously on Gotham...\" \" Uncle Frank.\" \"", "Maybe you want to tell me where the hell you've been since I was a kid.\" \"", "TheCourtis asecretsociety.\" \"", "If it's so secret, how do you know about them?\" \"", "Your father and I were both members.\" \"", "Itwasadrunkdriver!\" \"", "I watched him die.\" \"", "My brother was making trouble and they killed him.\" \"", "One cannot deny love.\" \"", "I... don't...\" \"love you.\" \"", "Look who's alive.\" \"", "I just remembered.\" \"", "There's someone I need to kill.\" \" ", "The clone is in place.\" \" ", "What about Bruce Wayne?\" \"", "Heshouldbe waking up as we speak.\" \"", "I've always done whatever the Court has asked of me.\" \"", "What aren't you telling me?\" \"", "This city is on the brink of chaos.\" \"", "Seems like judgment came to Gotham earlier than expected.\" \"", "Members of the Ruling Council,\" \"Gotham has fallen ill.\" \"", "Violence and crime continue to spread like an unstoppable disease.\" \"", "Drastic action must be taken.\" \"", "To that end, a weapon is being built.\" \"", "A weapon intended to be unleashed on Gotham so that the city may be cleansed and rebuilt by us.\" \"", "The Head of our Court asks that we reach a unanimous vote to proceed.\" \"", "Judgment has been passed.\" \"", "Gotham must fall.\" \"", "I want to speak with whoever's in charge.\" \"", "That would be me.\" \"", "Is the Court of Owls behind my abduction?\" \"", "The Court is a tool.\" \"", "Nothing more.\" \"", "You won't get away with this.\" \"", "People will know I'm gone.\" \"", "We've taken precautions to ensure your absence won't be noticed.\" \"", "My clone.\" \"", "He's in Gotham pretending to be me, isn't he?\" \"", "Alfred will figure it out.\" \"", "Perhaps.\" \"", "But by that time,\" \"I'm hoping we've accomplished our goal.\" \"", "Which is what?\" \"", "I need your help, Bruce.\" \"", "Eat.\" \"", "You're going to need your strength.\" \"", "We'll begin soon.\" \"", "Aubrey James, the once and...\" \"All right, come on people, come on.\" \"", "Let's get back to work.\" \"", "Joe, shut that off.\" \"", "Can you believe this nonsense?\" \"", "After all that's said and done, who's back in charge?\" \"", "Aubrey James.\" \"", "The original crook himself.\" \"", "How was the cabin?\" \"", "What?\" \"", "You and your uncle.\" \"", "You must've had a lot to catch up on.\" \"", "Oh, yeah.\" \"", "Any word on Nygma?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "But after gassing the cadets and dangling me over an empty stairwell, he just disappeared.\" \"", "No riddles, puzzles or singing telegrams, yet.\" \"", "Who's, uh, \"Michael Ness\"?\" \"", "The drunk driver who hit and killed my father when I was nine.\" \"", "Something my uncle said got me thinking.\" \" ", "What do you got?\" \" ", "Not much.\" \"", "He was convicted of vehicular manslaughter.\" \"", "Got six years.\" \"", "Then got his ticket punched in a prison stabbing a few months in.\" \"", "Silver lining.\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "But I pulled his medical file from Blackgate, found something that wasn't in the original case file.\" \"", "He had \"chronic persistent hepatitis.\"\" \"", "I was gonna ask Lee what it was when she got in.\" \"", "Chronic persistent hepatitis is a non-progressive form of liver inflammation.\" \"", "How do you know that?\" \"", "You kidding?\" \"", "It's known as the Irish Curse.\" \"", "With chronic inflammation, you cannot drink.\" \"", "Nothing, not a drop.\" \"", "Not even beer.\" \"", "Well, this guy didn't get the memo.\" \"", "His blood alcohol was off the charts the night of the accident.\" \"", "You're not hearing me.\" \"", "If this guy had chronic liver inflammation, if he blew a 0.1 on a blood alcohol test, he'd be dead before he got behind the wheel.\" \"", "If that's true, then someone dummied the report.\" \"", "Can you do some digging?\" \"", "Find out who this guy was?\" \"", "Sure, but...\" \"Hey.\" \"", "Where you going?\" \"", "Ta-da!\" \"", "Pretty cool, huh?\" \"", "I told you the whole estate was abandoned... can you believe it?\" \" ", "As a matter of fact, I can.\" \" ", "You know, the fresh air will do you good.\" \"", "It smells like rotting death in here.\" \" ", "Oh.\" \"", "I think someone's hungry.\" \" ", "What are you doing?\" \"", "Stop it!\" \"", "I... told you I am fine!\" \"", "I am a grown man, for crying out loud!\" \"", "And you're hungry.\" \"", "Ah...\" \"What's with you and all the plants?\" \"", "Oh, they're my friends.\" \"", "Your friends?\" \" ", "Yeah.\" \" ", "Wonderful.\" \"", "You know, plants make better friends than most people.\" \"", "And some of them helped save your life.\" \"", "It's broth.\" \"", "I even put in some white willow for your fever.\" \" ", "What is wrong with you?\" \" ", "For the millionth time,\" \"I need to get back to Gotham!\" \"", "What's the rush?\" \"!\" \"", "I was betrayed and shot.\" \"", "I should be plotting my revenge, building an army, not drinking pinecone juice with the... crazy plant lady.\" \"", "So build an army.\" \"", "No one's stopping you.\" \"", "And I could even help if you weren't being such a jerk.\" \"", "Jerk.\" \"", "Fine.\" \"", "I need you to deliver a message to Gabe.\" \"", "Who's Gabe?\" \"", "He's a moron.\" \"", "But... he is a loyal moron.\" \"", "And every army starts with one single loyal soldier.\" \"\"", "Please.\"\" \"", "Please?\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "Fine.\" \"", "Thank you for meeting me.\" \"", "Why here?\" \"", "It's public, open, easy to spot if anyone's watching us.\" \"", "The driver who hit my father's car that night wasn't drunk.\" \"", "I think he did it on purpose, and someone made it look like an accident.\" \"", "Easy enough for the Court.\" \"", "So let's say I believe you.\" \"", "What do you want from me?\" \"", "I have just learned something\" \"I am still having trouble believing.\" \"", "A weapon is en route, headed for Gotham.\" \"", "A weapon the Court intends to use to destroy the city.\" \"", "What are you talking about?\" \"", "You said the Court controls Gotham.\" \"", "Why would they want to destroy it?\" \"", "This isn't the Court as a whole.\" \"", "It's limited to a number of high-ranking members, fanatics who believe the city needs to be cleansed.\" \"", "And you really think they're capable of this?\" \"", "They've done it before.\" \"", "Twice in the city's history they've laid waste to Gotham.\" \"", "It's no bluff.\" \"", "So how do we stop it?\" \"", "I have no idea.\" \"", "I don't even know what the weapon is.\" \"", "But that's exactly what I'm going to find out.\" \" ", "I can help.\" \" ", "No.\" \"", "The Court knows\" \"I reached out to you, but that's all.\" \"", "We need to keep it that way, in case I'm discovered.\" \"", "Be careful, Uncle Frank.\" \"", "I'm sorry, I didn't mean to intrude.\" \"", "I saw you earlier.\" \"", "Who was that man you were with?\" \"", "My Uncle Frank.\" \"", "I thought you two were estranged.\" \"", "We recently reconnected.\" \"", "Good for you.\" \"", "I've been coming here a lot.\" \"", "The other day I saw this... little old man, must have been in his 90s, all dressed up, standing in front of his wife's grave... smiling.\" \"", "I couldn't understand what there was to smile about.\" \"", "And then it occurred to me.\" \"", "They shared a whole life together.\" \"", "I'm sorry.\" \"", "How do you do that?\" \"", "How do you just... move on, leaving so much destruction in your wake?\" \"", "I wish I could do that.\" \" ", "Yeah?\" \" ", "Hey.\" \"", "That driver that hit and killed your father that night was a career scumbag.\" \"", "What'd you find out?\" \"", "He did a stretch for grand theft auto, among other things, and get this... the high-priced lawyer who got him his plea was paid for by none other than Carmine Falcone.\" \"", "Okay, that's... easy.\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "Okay, that's enough.\" \"", "Oh, Boss, I can't believe it.\" \"", "You know that everyone thinks you're dead.\" \" ", "Yes.\" \" ", "And that Barbara's running things?\" \"", "Gabe, this might go faster if you just listen.\" \"", "I need to build an army to exact my revenge, and to take back my throne.\" \"", "Will you help me?\" \"", "Of course I will.\" \"", "When the guys hear that you're still alive, they'll come running.\" \"", "I'll make sure of it.\" \"", "What do you want me to do?\" \"", "That.\" \"", "I want you to do that, Gabe.\" \"", "Right.\" \"", "I got it.\" \"", "No problem.\" \"", "Hey...\" \"Um... there's something off about him.\" \"", "No argument there.\" \"", "I don't trust him.\" \"", "Gabe?\" \"", "He's a human Labrador.\" \"", "You whistle, he comes running.\" \"", "Trust me, he's loyal.\" \"", "I have this perfume.\" \"", "One whiff, and a man will do anything I ask.\" \"", "Including telling the truth.\" \"", "Look, now that Gabe is here,\" \"I'm afraid this is where we part ways.\" \"", "I have an army to build, a war to plan, and we really do not know each other that well.\" \"", "You understand.\" \"", "No.\" \"", "Maybe you can ask one of your plants.\" \"", "I do not trust you.\" \"", "I saved your life.\" \"", "My men are on their way.\" \"", "You trust him?\" \"", "But I...\" \"I thought we were friends.\" \"", "Friends?\" \"", "Friends.\" \"", "Oh.\" \"", "You're being serious.\" \"", "Look, don't take this the wrong way, but you are a bit of a freak.\" \"", "Did she tell you not to trust me?\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "Why?\" \"", "Smart girl.\" \"", "Shall we begin?\" \"", "The temple is some sort of maze, is that it?\" \"", "Everything is a maze, Bruce.\" \"", "The only difference is whether we realize our place within it.\" \"", "Given enough time, I will find a way out.\" \"", "How much time?\" \"", "How long have you been blindly running down the corridors of your life only to end up in the same place?\" \"", "It's time to pick a direction.\" \"", "You can speak in cryptic riddles all you want.\" \"", "I'm not scared of you.\" \"", "But you are scared of something, aren't you?\" \"", "Sit.\" \"", "Let me show you what I have to offer.\" \"", "You have some nerve showing up here.\" \"", "We need to talk.\" \"", "Alone.\" \"", "No, we don't.\" \"", "You took my son from me.\" \"", "And you took my father away from me.\" \"", "I'd say that makes us even.\" \"", "Your father was killed by a drunk driver.\" \"", "No, he wasn't.\" \"", "The driver wasn't drunk.\" \"", "He hit us on purpose.\" \"", "But I think you know that because you paid for his lawyer.\" \"", "Still think we have nothing to talk about?\" \"", "If you have a question for me, son... why not go ahead and ask it?\" \"", "Did you order the hit on my father?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "I respected your father.\" \"", "Much more than the son he left behind.\" \"", "But someone did.\" \"", "It was a hit?\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "The Court of Owls.\" \"", "What do you know about them?\" \"", "I know my uncle is a member.\" \" ", "Are you?\" \" ", "No.\" \"", "But we've built a partnership which has been mutually beneficial over the years.\" \"", "You mean you do their bidding.\" \"", "Everyone does the Court's bidding.\" \"", "Some of us just know it.\" \"", "The person who came to you... a member of the Court?\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "Who was it?\" \"", "Who ordered the hit on my father?\" \"", "I want a name.\" \"", "Frank Gordon.\" \"", "Your uncle.\" \"", "Hello, Jim.\" \"", "Thought we could use a drink.\" \"", "Is it true?\" \"", "Did you order the hit on my father?\" \"", "Carmine called the Court after you left.\" \"", "You shouldn't have gone there.\" \"", "It'll raise suspicions.\" \"", "Is it true?\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "Why?\" \"", "I already told you... your father was determined to expose the Court and became a risk.\" \"", "Simple as that.\" \"", "So you had him killed?\" \"", "Your own brother?\" \"", "You want to shoot me, Jim?\" \"", "You'd be doing me a favor.\" \"", "But it won't change anything.\" \"", "The only thing we can do now is finish what Peter started and bring down the Court.\" \"", "It's what he would have wanted.\" \"", "What my father would have wanted is for justice to be done.\" \"", "So do I.\" \"Frank Gordon, you're under arrest for the murder of Peter Gordon.\" \"", "Turn around.\" \"", "Turn around!\" \"", "Have you not been listening?\" \"", "You have the right to remain silent.\" \"", "Anything you say can and will be used against you\" \" in a court of law.\" \" ", "Arrest me\" \" and it's over.\" \" ", "You have the right to an attorney.\" \"", "Stopping them is the only thing that matters.\" \"", "My father mattered!\" \"", "Dock 9C.\" \"It's where the weapon will be arriving.\" \"", "It's all I've been able to find out.\" \"", "I need to speak with the Court, try to buy some time.\" \"", "You need to find out when the weapon will be arriving, and you need to do it without the Court finding out you're involved.\" \"", "Otherwise... we're both dead.\" \"", "Make a choice, Jim.\" \"", "I didn't think you had it in you.\" \"", "I know.\" \"", "You never did.\" \"", "Oh, boo-hoo.\" \"", "Is that what this is about?\" \"", "No one gave you a gold star for thuggery?\" \"", "If you're gonna kill me, then get on with it already.\" \"", "I ain't gonna kill you.\" \"", "We're gonna auction off that right to the highest bidder.\" \"", "We?\" \"", "That would be my sales force.\" \"", "If he had just listened to me, but no.\" \"", "Nobody listens to Ivy...\" \"Whoa.\" \"", "That's a lot to take in.\" \"", "Tell me about it.\" \"", "A secret organization that controls all of Gotham?\" \"", "If that's true, somebody should tell 'em they're doing a pretty terrible job.\" \"", "He told you all this at the cabin?\" \"", "Most of it.\" \"", "The weapon intended to destroy the city... that's a new wrinkle he threw at me today.\" \"", "Quite the family reunion you're having.\" \"", "I didn't mean to involve you in all this,\" \"I just don't know who to trust anymore.\" \"", "Way I see it, as hard as it was to hear what Falcone had to say, at least he confirmed the existence of the Court.\" \"", "So I take my uncle at his word?\" \"", "You work the lead.\" \"", "Check the docks.\" \"", "But that's just me.\" \"", "I tend to give apocalyptic warnings of mass destruction the benefit of the doubt.\" \"", "But it wasn't my father who was killed.\" \"", "So if you want to go after your uncle for what he did,\" \"I got your back.\" \"", "He says the Court has destroyed the city twice before in its history.\" \"", "We can't take that chance.\" \"", "I'll call Judge Bam Bam, get a warrant.\" \"", "We'll hit the docks and start kicking in doors today.\" \"", "No.\" \"", "He was very clear.\" \"", "The Court can't know\" \"I'm looking into this.\" \"", "The GCPD cannot be involved.\" \"", "So who do we know who can raid the docks who won't raise questions and isn't connected to the GCPD?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "No, no, no, no, no.\" \"", "Hmm.\" \"", "Feels a little light.\" \"", "And, you know...\" \"Mommy's gonna need a new pair of stilettos.\" \"", "Capisce?\" \"", "Who's next?\" \"", "Barbara Queen.\" \"", "Jim, what an unpleasant surprise.\" \"", "Let me guess, do I hear a favor coming on?\" \"", "I've been waiting a long time for you to begin your journey.\" \"", "The only journey I'm going to take is back home.\" \"", "Back to Gotham.\" \"", "Then we share the same destination.\" \"", "What are those?\" \"", "Acupuncture needles?\" \"", "Of a sort.\" \"", "Think of them as keys.\" \"", "A way to open the mind to that which it locks away, even from itself.\" \"", "What are the symbols on the ends?\" \"", "You said you wanted to return to Gotham.\" \"", "Here we are.\" \"", "Oh, come on, Tom.\" \" ", "It wasn't that bad.\" \" ", "Oh, no?\" \"", "Childish drivel.\" \"", "I thought the acting was fine, the music was lovely.\" \"", "What about you, Bruce?\" \"", "Sorry, Mom, I agree with Dad.\" \"", "It was kinda lame.\" \"\"", "Kinda lame\"?\" \"", "There's no such word as \"kinda.\"\" \"", "Dad?\" \"", "Mom?\" \"", "Give me your money!\" \"", "How'd you... how'd you do that?\" \"", "How did you do that?\" \"", "What was that place?\" \" ", "A memory.\" \" ", "No.\" \"", "No, it was real.\" \"", "The mind can do far more than recall memories.\" \"", "If one knows how, you can experience them, relive them as if they were happening for the first time.\" \"", "You're saying we were inside my mind?\" \"", "One is always inside their own mind.\" \"", "Pretending we are separate from it, that is the falsehood.\" \"", "Why would you show me that?\" \"", "Why would you take me back there?\" \"", "You've never left that alley, Bruce.\" \"", "Not really.\" \"", "And for you to be able to accept what it is\" \"I have to teach, you need to.\" \"", "Rest.\" \"", "We'll try again soon.\" \"", "Torture is fun.\" \"", "However, I need to know what is coming into dock 9C.\" \"I told you, there is no dock 9C.\" \" I can't tell you what I don't...\" \" What you don't know.\" \"", "Yes, I've heard that one.\" \"", "Now tell me something I haven't heard.\" \"", "You don't know what they're capable of.\" \"", "Even when Don Falcone was running things, he never asked questions about what came into 9C.\" \"In case you haven't heard,\" \"Don Falcone ain't running things, baby.\" \"", "Now, what is coming... into dock 9C?\" \"", "Something already came in last week,\" \" but they picked it up.\" \"", "Okay?\" \" ", "Oh?\" \"", "The crate, it's still over there.\" \"", "I swear, that's all I know.\" \"", "I swear.\" \"", "So, you must have a phone number to alert them when things arrive.\" \"", "Huh?\" \"", "What do you say we give 'em a little call?\" \"", "'Cause I would love an introduction.\" \"", "Get him!\" \"", "I-I swear,\" \"I didn't tell her nothin'!\" \"", "Make sure you get him from all sides.\" \"", "Potential bidders need to know that he's alive and well.\" \"", "Once we get these delivered, the auction can begin.\" \"", "Forgot these in the car.\" \"", "Cannolis from Alberto's, boss.\" \"", "Thank God.\" \"", "I'm starved.\" \"", "Alberto's are my favorite...\" \"Looks like you got yourself into quite the pickle.\" \"", "You're sitting right next to me.\" \"", "I think our fates are somewhat intertwined.\" \"", "Oh, no.\" \"", "I'll be fine.\" \"", "What?\" \"", "What are you talking about?\" \"", "Totally fine.\" \"", "If you have a plan, tell me.\" \"", "Tell me.\" \"", "What?\" \"", "You want me to beg?\" \"", "Is that it?\" \"", "I want you to be nice to me.\" \"", "Nice to you?\" \"", "Yes!\" \"", "Is that so much to ask?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "No, it's not.\" \"", "Okay, I'll be nice.\" \"", "I promise.\" \"", "Now, what is your plan?\" \"", "Lay it on me.\" \"", "Watch and learn.\" \"", "Oh, yoo-hoo.\" \"", "Canolli guy.\" \"", "Hey, quick question.\" \"", "If I had information, like, really good information that would get you a ton more money for Penguin, would you let me go?\" \"", "I don't know.\" \"", "Maybe.\" \"", "What is it?\" \"", "Oh, I can't tell you in front of...\" \"Let me whisper it in your ear.\" \"", "Do you like my perfume?\" \"", "You'll do anything I ask?\" \"", "Super.\" \"", "Kill them all.\" \"", "Wait!\" \"", "Stop!\" \"", "Get his gun.\" \"", "Grab the gun!\" \"", "Give it to me.\" \"", "Give it to him!\" \"", "And tell him to untie us.\" \"", "Untie us!\" \"", "You don't have to yell.\" \"", "Sorry.\" \"", "I just got so caught up in the moment.\" \"", "You know,\" \"I like the idea of an auction, Gabe.\" \"", "I think I'll auction you off to myself.\" \"", "Piece by bloody piece.\" \"", "Carmine told us Jim came to him asking questions about his father's death.\" \"", "What exactly does he know?\" \"", "Only what Carmine knew.\" \"", "That I gave the order to have Peter killed.\" \"", "Nothing can lead back to the Court.\" \"", "After all these years, why would he start looking into this now?\" \"", "I don't know.\" \"", "Believe me, this is the last thing I wanted.\" \"", "Which is why I'm here.\" \"", "I know my nephew.\" \"", "Jim won't stop until one of us is dead.\" \"", "Unfortunate.\" \"", "He would have made a powerful ally in what lies ahead.\" \"", "In that case, you know what you have to do.\" \"", "James Gordon must be killed.\" \" ", "Barbara called.\" \" ", "What'd she say?\" \"", "Apparently, dock 9C is being guarded by a blade-wielding psychopath who almost killed them.\" \"", "Of course it is.\" \"", "Did she find out if anything was coming in?\" \"", "That's the thing, it already has.\" \"", "I thought your uncle said the weapon wasn't in the city yet.\" \"", "He did.\" \"", "Which means either he's lying or he didn't know.\" \"", "Either way, we have to assume the Court already has it.\" \" ", "We still don't even know what \"it\" is.\" \" ", "We know one thing.\" \"", "Barbara said the crate that she saw was stamped with Indian Hill.\" \"", "So something from the freak factory is gonna wipe out the city?\" \"", "Gordon.\" \"", "We need to talk.\" \"", "Did you know the weapon is here?\" \"", "What?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "What the hell is going on, Frank?\" \"", "We're running out of time.\" \"", "I'm at my house.\" \"", "Come alone and come quickly.\" \"", "I trusted you, Gabe.\" \"", "And how did you repay that loyalty?\" \"", "Betrayal.\" \"", "Not for nothing, but I was there after your mother was killed when no one else was.\" \"", "And how'd you repay me?\" \"", "By passing me over.\" \"", "Wow.\" \"", "A valid point.\" \"", "Perhaps we forget that loyalty must be extended before it can be returned.\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "You were loyal to me once, Gabe.\" \"", "I wonder, could you be again?\" \"", "Yes!\" \"", "Oh, boss.\" \"", "I'd swear an oath on my dead mother's grave right now.\" \"", "God rest her soul.\" \"", "No need for anything so dramatic.\" \"", "Ivy, would you mind ensuring that Gabe's oath of loyalty is noble and true?\" \"", "If what is what now?\" \"", "Make him smell your perfume.\" \"", "Right.\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "Um, raise your right hand.\" \"", "Do you swear to be loyal and true to Penguin?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "Ouch.\" \"", "I don't understand.\" \"", "Why not?\" \"", "Why can't he be loyal?\" \"", "Go ahead, answer.\" \"", "I never was.\" \"", "I only followed you out of fear.\" \"", "We all did.\" \"", "Actually, I can live with that.\" \"", "Fear and respect... management 101.\" \"", "No one ever respected you.\" \"", "We always saw you for what you really are.\" \"", "A tiny freak who used to hold an umbrella.\" \"", "Nothing more.\" \"", "A freak?\" \"", "A... freak?\" \"", "A freak?\" \"!\" \"", "No!\" \"", "A freak!\" \"", "A freak!\" \"", "A freak!\" \"", "Thanks for coming.\" \"", "The weapon the Court is planning to use on Gotham came from Indian Hill.\" \"", "Any idea what it might be?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "Like I said, I had no idea that it had already arrived.\" \"", "It's clear that the Court no longer trusts me.\" \"", "Then why call me down here?\" \"", "I'm supposed to kill you.\" \"", "Which leaves us... where?\" \"", "That's up to you.\" \"", "I need someone to replace me on the Court.\" \"", "Someone who can find out what the weapon is and how to stop it.\" \"", "Someone I can trust.\" \"", "You need to join the Court of Owls, Jim.\" \"", "It's the only way.\" \"", "You just said they want me dead.\" \"", "They still want you on the Court.\" \"", "They just don't seen now how it's possible, but I do.\" \"", "At some point, a woman named\" \"Kathryn is going to call to ask if you are dead.\" \"", "And when she does,\" \"I suggest you pick up.\" \"", "And tell her what?\" \"", "That you blame me for your father's death.\" \"", "I gave the order to have him killed, and I deserved what I got.\" \"", "What are you talking about?\" \"", "You have his strength, Jim.\" \"", "You can finish what he started.\" \"", "For both of us.\" \"", "He would have been so proud of you.\" \"", "No!\" \"", "Please!\" \"", "Please.\" \"", "I'm sorry.\" \"", "I'll do whatever you want.\" \"", "Just please don't make me go back there!\" \"", "Give me your money!\" \"", "No!\" \"", "I have so much to teach you, Bruce.\" \"", "But your pain... it blocks you from who I need you to become.\" \"", "Who Gotham needs you to become.\" \"", "If one's feelings and emotions are strong enough, their consequences can follow you back into the real world.\" \"", "I don't know what you want from me.\" \"", "Over the centuries, we've tried to end the cycle of crime and violence that plagues Gotham, only for it to start up again.\" \"", "And do you know why it does?\" \"", "People are afraid.\" \"", "And fear breeds hopelessness.\" \"", "I'm supposed to believe you care about the people of Gotham?\" \"", "I do.\" \"", "Very much.\" \"", "Which is where you come in.\" \"", "Gotham needs something I believe only you can provide.\" \"", "What?\" \"", "A protector, Bruce.\" \"", "I can't protect Gotham.\" \"", "Not by myself.\" \"", "No one can.\" \"", "Perhaps.\" \"", "But if you were to become a symbol, a symbol against fear, then Gotham can be reborn.\" \"", "Okay, I admit it.\" \"", "I might have lost my temper there a little bit.\" \"", "Sorry about that.\" \"", "It's okay.\" \"", "I don't know why I let him get to me.\" \"", "Sticks and stones, right?\" \"", "Hmm.\" \"", "Words always hurt me way more than sticks or stones.\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "Me, too.\" \"", "So does this mean you're giving up your plans for revenge?\" \"", "I can't take on Nygma and Barbara and the rest of them by myself.\" \"", "Who said anything about taking them on by yourself?\" \"", "Selina told me some pretty crazy stories about people she met down in Indian Hill.\" \"", "Said you wanted to build an army, right?\" \"", "Well, what about an army of freaks?\" \"", "What kind of freaks?\" \"", "Kathryn, I presume.\" \"", "Detective Gordon.\" \"", "I can't say I'm entirely surprised.\" \"", "I killed my uncle.\" \"", "I make no apologies for it.\" \"", "We understand.\" \"", "Good.\" \"", "Maybe it's time we meet.\" \"", "Agreed.\"" ]

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0.000925688655115664, 0.0007810668321326375, 0.0007126167765818536, 0.0008016499341465533, 0.0009312007459811866, 0.000925688655115664, 0.09578162431716919, 0.0009292777976952493, 0.0005602534511126578, 0.0006244164542295039, 0.0008441462996415794, 0.0007819131715223193, 0.0008441181853413582, 0.0007660383707843721, 0.0005751215503551066, 0.0006715779891237617, 0.0008039330714382231, 0.0026071141473948956, 0.0032524156849831343, 0.003401041030883789, 0.0009132165578193963, 0.000621121609583497, 0.001078034401871264, 0.0007662306888960302, 0.0006905650952830911, 0.0008812680607661605, 0.001832160516642034, 0.004206362180411816, 0.0009242767700925469, 0.001314201857894659, 0.7756587862968445, 0.001869255444034934, 0.029984120279550552, 0.6139781475067139, 0.3087131381034851, 0.0008245092467404902, 0.0015359349781647325, 0.0059059238992631435, 0.07347100973129272, 0.014789054170250893, 0.0007211304036900401, 0.0005881318356841803, 0.0007325005135498941, 0.10755612701177597, 0.7047561407089233, 0.001395117724314332, 0.0007695349049754441, 0.0008046281873248518, 0.08295267820358276, 0.0007387712830677629, 0.0006508317310363054, 0.0007662306888960302, 0.0057627675123512745, 0.0007831021212041378, 0.0006227917619980872, 0.0931076779961586, 0.0016626131255179644, 0.0006472168606705964, 0.0007420034962706268, 0.6553880572319031, 0.0007952675223350525, 0.0007504248642362654, 0.7096840739250183, 0.0007191699696704745, 0.0008959783590398729, 0.000707403349224478, 0.0010611573234200478, 0.0008786122780293226, 0.0030555950943380594, 0.0006149084074422717, 0.0006518911104649305, 0.000594913843087852, 0.0006440406432375312, 0.11606045067310333, 0.001002783770672977, 0.0006148688844405115, 0.0010366430506110191, 0.000925688655115664, 0.0008441181853413582, 0.5987587571144104, 0.0009349804022349417, 0.001122876419685781, 0.001309845712967217, 0.002700397977605462, 0.0006722051184624434, 0.0008662252803333104, 0.4632766544818878, 0.0007694506202824414, 0.0006321450346149504, 0.0007749850628897548, 0.000608544098213315, 0.0006142544443719089, 0.0007149254088290036, 0.0010576401837170124, 0.0009556654840707779, 0.0008441462996415794, 0.0011948581086471677, 0.1354823112487793, 0.04096612706780434, 0.0006742978584952652, 0.0008740770281292498, 0.0007347916252911091, 0.12432248890399933, 0.0006859585992060602, 0.0006919825682416558, 0.012541200965642929, 0.0034630761947482824, 0.0008441181853413582, 0.0019395013805478811, 0.000916897552087903, 0.0009556335862725973, 0.0014030580641701818, 0.001627714023925364, 0.001154793193563819, 0.00204210402444005, 0.0006717193755321205, 0.0006529057864099741, 0.0007855278090573847, 0.031193170696496964, 0.0008210946689359844, 0.14551390707492828, 0.0011996300891041756, 0.5063400864601135, 0.6416202783584595, 0.760056734085083, 0.002537983702495694, 0.8476220965385437, 0.8476220965385437, 0.8476220965385437, 0.0005531149217858911, 0.0007300185970962048, 0.0007101916708052158, 0.0008441181853413582, 0.000630839029327035, 0.0008579460554756224, 0.001180690829642117, 0.8434858918190002, 0.0007494942401535809, 0.0006419876008294523, 0.0008530229679308832, 0.0006875703111290932, 0.0005788879352621734, 0.002426078310236335, 0.0008993268711492419, 0.09777550399303436, 0.0038695966359227896, 0.0006851000944152474, 0.08291802555322647, 0.0007040472119115293, 0.0009279833175241947, 0.29529839754104614, 0.4250973165035248, 0.0007810668321326375, 0.0024181699845939875, 0.0006365760345943272, 0.0006611701683141291, 0.0006839066627435386, 0.002537983702495694, 0.0007535904296673834, 0.0006230230792425573, 0.0006722749676555395, 0.0008091392228379846, 0.0009975704597309232, 0.06914571672677994, 0.002537983702495694, 0.0030060389544814825, 0.1611425280570984, 0.023104805499315262, 0.0007841901388019323, 0.004143684636801481, 0.0008749093976803124, 0.0007857056334614754, 0.003044667886570096, 0.005130259785801172, 0.0024377109948545694, 0.0007695011445321143, 0.0006489568622782826, 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[ "IL-6 mediated alterations on immobile behavior of rats in the forced swim test via ERK1/2 activation in specific brain regions.", "\nInterleukin-6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine, is well known as a mediator in early stage inflammatory immune reactions. ", "In recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that IL-6 is concomitant with the occurrence of major depression. ", "However, the identification of the role of IL-6, as either an illness causation or immunotherapy in depression, remains to be further established. ", "In the present study, 5-week old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used along with the forced swim test (FST) and pharmacological techniques. ", "The data show that rats subjected to 3-day intra-amygdala or intra-hippocampus, but not intra-frontal cortex, IL-6 treatments manifested a significant increase in the immobility time (IMT) in the FST. ", "In addition, there was no obvious difference in body temperature between normal and 3-day IL-6 treated rats. ", "Conversely, the rats receiving 3-day intra-amygdala or intra-hippocampus IL-6 inhibitor treatment expressed a significant reduction in IMT in the FST. ", "Moreover, the 3-day IL-6 treated rats treated with SL 327, a blood-brain barrier penetrating MEK inhibitor, prior to the FST showed a significant decrease in the IL-6 elevated IMT. ", "In addition, the results in the Western blot analysis were in parallel with those in the behavioral tests. ", "Taken together, the results show that the immobile behavior of rats in the FST could be modulated by IL-6 via the amygdala or the hippocampus. ", "Furthermore, the Erk1/2 activation in the amygdala or hippocampus seemed to play a role in the IL-6 mediated immobile behavioural alterations of rats in the FST." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0015344350831583142, 0.0012987660011276603, 0.0006838851259090006, 0.0006700672092847526, 0.0016727979527786374, 0.0013259862316772342, 0.0007532182498835027, 0.0027308929711580276, 0.0009431280777789652, 0.0006353328935801983, 0.002301998669281602, 0.004749194253236055 ]

[ "Q:\n\nCan't open Azure VM Port\n\nI'm trying to open port 8080 on an Azure VM so that I can access SSAS through Power BI from my local computer. ", "I have added an inbound rule to the network security group on azure portal as per https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/nsg-quickstart-portal and I've also added an inbound rule on the firewall of the VM itself. ", "\nHowever, when I go to canyouseeme.org it can't see port 8080. ", "\nAny ideas what I'm doing wrong?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe solution was to redeploy the VM after opening the ports on the Azure portal.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0008384058601222932, 0.0005684109055437148, 0.0006910987431183457, 0.0007784556946717203, 0.0006607364630326629, 0.0019954426679760218 ]

[ "Recent insights in the use of nanocarriers for the oral delivery of bioactive proteins and peptides.", "\nBioactive proteins and peptides have been used with either prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, presenting inherent advantages as high specificity and biocompatibility. ", "Nanocarriers play an important role in the stabilization of proteins and peptides, offering enhanced buccal permeation and protection while crossing the gastrointestinal tract. ", "Moreover, preparation of nanoparticles as oral delivery systems for proteins/peptides may include tailored formulation along with functionalization aiming bioavailability enhancement of carried proteins or peptides. ", "Oral delivery systems, namely buccal delivery systems, represent an interesting alternative route to parenteric delivery systems to carry proteins and peptides, resulting in higher comfort of administration and, therefore, compliance to treatment. ", "This paper outlines an extensive overview of the existing publications on proteins/peptides oral nanocarriers delivery systems, with special focus on buccal route. ", "Manufacturing aspects of most commonly used nanoparticles for oral delivery (e.g. polymeric nanoparticles using synthetic or natural polymers and lipid nanoparticles) advantages and limitations and potential applications of nanoparticles as proteins/peptides delivery systems will also be thoroughly addressed." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0005497400416061282, 0.0005365399410948157, 0.0006254152394831181, 0.0005399256478995085, 0.000593860459048301, 0.0005665729404427111, 0.0005191370728425682 ]

[ "'use strict';\n\nvar request = require('../');\nvar t = require('chai').assert;\n\ndescribe('Cookie', function () {\n it('should work with custom cookie jar', function (done) {\n const j = request.jar();\n var url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies/set?k2=v2&k1=v1';\n request({\n url,\n jar: j,\n json: true\n }, function (err, response, body) {\n t.strictEqual(response.statusCode, 200);\n var cookies = j.getCookies(url);\n t.strictEqual(cookies.length, 2);\n t.strictEqual(cookies.filter(c => c.key === 'k1')[0].value, 'v1');\n t.strictEqual(cookies.filter(c => c.key === 'k2')[0].value, 'v2');\n done();\n });\n });\n});" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.001088480232283473 ]

[ "386 + 15*b - 4*b - 9*b.", "\n2*b - 386\nCollect the terms in 37*i - 3*i**3 + 4 + 2*i**3 + 18 + 3*i**3.", "\n2*i**3 + 37*i + 22\nCollect the terms in -71*z**3 + 76*z + 411*z**3 - 76*z.", "\n340*z**3\nCollect the terms in -2 + 2 + 7625380*o**2 - 7625376*o**2.", "\n4*o**2\nCollect the terms in -5*d + 1324*d**3 + 5*d - 558*d**3 - 660*d**3.", "\n106*d**3\nCollect the terms in -4 + 1701*i + 2 - 6324*i.", "\n-4623*i - 2\nCollect the terms in 3*q**2 + 44*q - 4*q**2 + 30*q.", "\n-q**2 + 74*q\nCollect the terms in -4*y**2 - 28*y + 5*y - 14*y - 2 + y**2.", "\n-3*y**2 - 37*y - 2\nCollect the terms in 1095 - 3618 + 1429 + 3*f + 1094.", "\n3*f\nCollect the terms in 88*p - 312*p - 57*p - 548*p.", "\n-829*p\nCollect the terms in 82*v - 667*v - 128*v - 581*v.", "\n-1294*v\nCollect the terms in -27*o**2 - 22*o**2 + 58*o**2 + 154*o**2.", "\n163*o**2\nCollect the terms in 620*t**3 + 258*t**3 - 855*t**3.", "\n23*t**3\nCollect the terms in 43 - 14*r**3 + 208 - 278 + 27.", "\n-14*r**3\nCollect the terms in 801*o**2 - 1439*o**2 + 706*o**2.", "\n68*o**2\nCollect the terms in 5*x**3 + 3341 - 6694 - x**3 + 3353.", "\n4*x**3\nCollect the terms in -17 + 16*s + 42 - 12 - 13.", "\n16*s\nCollect the terms in 110989*o**2 + 111064*o**2 + 2 - 2 - 222055*o**2.", "\n-2*o**2\nCollect the terms in -29096*p + 14566*p + 14550*p.", "\n20*p\nCollect the terms in -18958 - 2*h + 9484 + 9474.", "\n-2*h\nCollect the terms in 1 - v + 5597*v**3 - 326*v**3 - v + 0*v.", "\n5271*v**3 - 2*v + 1\nCollect the terms in 15 + 58*h + 103 - 118.", "\n58*h\nCollect the terms in 48*t + 82*t - 148*t.", "\n-18*t\nCollect the terms in -6*h - 672 - 669 + 2008 - 667.", "\n-6*h\nCollect the terms in -12*m**3 - 17*m**3 - 13*m**3 - 9*m**3 + 49*m**3.", "\n-2*m**3\nCollect the terms in -800*u**3 + 81*u**3 - 236*u**3.", "\n-955*u**3\nCollect the terms in -28619*l**2 - 28625*l**2 + 57235*l**2.", "\n-9*l**2\nCollect the terms in 306*r**3 - 369*r**2 + 369*r**2.", "\n306*r**3\nCollect the terms in -15 + 6*n - 8*n + 13*n.", "\n11*n - 15\nCollect the terms in 4 - 4 - 48*w**2 - 1193*w**2.", "\n-1241*w**2\nCollect the terms in 5698*l + 6646*l - 4222*l.", "\n8122*l\nCollect the terms in 2019*x - 13 + 13666*x + 13.", "\n15685*x\nCollect the terms in -80341*t + 80360*t + 2 - 2.", "\n19*t\nCollect the terms in -6*l**3 - 17*l**3 + 7*l**3 - 10*l**3 - 139.", "\n-26*l**3 - 139\nCollect the terms in 10*x + 13*x + 11*x - 39*x + 7*x.", "\n2*x\nCollect the terms in 7106*j**2 + 7093*j**2 - 21303*j**2 + 7097*j**2.", "\n-7*j**2\nCollect the terms in -153*c**3 - 6 + 0*c**2 - 2*c**2 + 2.", "\n-153*c**3 - 2*c**2 - 4\nCollect the terms in -2127868 + 2127868 + 207*b**2.", "\n207*b**2\nCollect the terms in 89 + 101 - 10*k + 9*k.", "\n-k + 190\nCollect the terms in 39 - 202*z + 16 + 146*z.", "\n-56*z + 55\nCollect the terms in 5 + 5 + 41*x - 11*x + 9*x.", "\n39*x + 10\nCollect the terms in 21*l - 19*l + 23*l - 2*l - 10*l + 29*l.", "\n42*l\nCollect the terms in -3 + 405*q + 1 + 2.", "\n405*q\nCollect the terms in -16 - 13 - 8*p + 20*p.", "\n12*p - 29\nCollect the terms in -5*u**2 + 8*u**2 + 7*u**2 + 7*u**2.", "\n17*u**2\nCollect the terms in -44*v - 1059*v**3 + 1058*v**3 + 84*v - 40*v.", "\n-v**3\nCollect the terms in -z**3 - 628*z**2 + 628*z**2 + z**3 + 2*z**3.", "\n2*z**3\nCollect the terms in -2*l + 119 + 129 + 120 - 368.", "\n-2*l\nCollect the terms in -571303*w - 571300*w + 1142592*w.", "\n-11*w\nCollect the terms in -4*f - 19 + 25*f - 14*f - 12*f + 6*f.", "\nf - 19\nCollect the terms in -220 - 293 + 3*u - u + 2*u.", "\n4*u - 513\nCollect the terms in 17*b**2 + 90965407 - 90965407.", "\n17*b**2\nCollect the terms in -23*j**2 + 25*j**2 + 54*j**2 + 6*j**2.", "\n62*j**2\nCollect the terms in 191*c**2 - 48*c**2 + 10*c**2 - 52*c**2 + 2*c**3.", "\n2*c**3 + 101*c**2\nCollect the terms in 27052*w**3 - 54062*w**3 + 27003*w**3.", "\n-7*w**3\nCollect the terms in 3 - 118 - 27218*b**2 + 27218*b**2 - 2*b**3.", "\n-2*b**3 - 115\nCollect the terms in -760*w**2 + 753*w**2 - 1920*w**2 - 700*w**2.", "\n-2627*w**2\nCollect the terms in -26*q**2 + 22*q**2 + 2*q**2 + 2*q**2 + 388*q**3.", "\n388*q**3\nCollect the terms in 0*p + 313309*p**3 - 313312*p**3 + 0*p.", "\n-3*p**3\nCollect the terms in -58*z**2 - 36*z**2 - 50*z**2 + 281*z**2.", "\n137*z**2\nCollect the terms in 96409*z**3 + 96412*z**3 - 289234*z**3 + 96408*z**3.", "\n-5*z**3\nCollect the terms in 0*b**2 - 160 + 443 - 283 + 5*b**2.", "\n5*b**2\nCollect the terms in -39092*v + 377*v**2 + 78181*v - 39089*v.", "\n377*v**2\nCollect the terms in -25 + 0 + 1885*c**2 + 25.", "\n1885*c**2\nCollect the terms in 0 + 51180*z + 0.", "\n51180*z\nCollect the terms in -61 - 104*l + 101*l - 40 + 9.", "\n-3*l - 92\nCollect the terms in 4*b**3 - 65*b**2 + 33*b**2 + 170 + 32*b**2.", "\n4*b**3 + 170\nCollect the terms in -8*y + 1 + 88*y - 48*y.", "\n32*y + 1\nCollect the terms in 26*j - 71291 + 35570 + 35721.", "\n26*j\nCollect the terms in -596*b**2 + 9*b**3 + 0 + 596*b**2 + 0.", "\n9*b**3\nCollect the terms in -589*i - 2 + 589*i + 2 - 337*i**3.", "\n-337*i**3\nCollect the terms in -494 - 2*w**3 - 492 - 559 + 111.", "\n-2*w**3 - 1434\nCollect the terms in 4*h + 2175844 - 2175844.", "\n4*h\nCollect the terms in 58*h**2 - 50*h**2 + 6*h - 6*h - 59*h**2.", "\n-51*h**2\nCollect the terms in 254*h**2 + 271*h**2 + 503*h**2.", "\n1028*h**2\nCollect the terms in 150*k**3 + 0*k - 271*k**3 + 57*k**3 + 0*k + 56*k**3.", "\n-8*k**3\nCollect the terms in 341 - 100*f**3 + 5*f**3 - 340 - 90*f**3.", "\n-185*f**3 + 1\nCollect the terms in 4852*h**3 - 4854*h**3 + 45*h - 20*h - 25*h.", "\n-2*h**3\nCollect the terms in -59*x**2 + 125*x**2 + 51*x**2.", "\n117*x**2\nCollect the terms in -32*w**2 + 24*w**2 + 1 + 137*w**2.", "\n129*w**2 + 1\nCollect the terms in -1052 + 8*x**2 + 391 - 9*x**2.", "\n-x**2 - 661\nCollect the terms in 15*j + 6901662 - 6901662.", "\n15*j\nCollect the terms in 19*y**3 + 109*y**3 + 24*y**3.", "\n152*y**3\nCollect the terms in -14*d + 32*d + 9*d + 3*d + 34*d.", "\n64*d\nCollect the terms in -1336*f**3 - 1343*f**3 + 2673*f**3.", "\n-6*f**3\nCollect the terms in 265 - 135 + 3*a - 137.", "\n3*a - 7\nCollect the terms in -h + 1748*h**3 + 2*h - 1674*h**3 - 1.", "\n74*h**3 + h - 1\nCollect the terms in 13454*s + 13450*s - 26901*s.", "\n3*s\nCollect the terms in 60 - 80*r - 159*r + 3 - 152*r.", "\n-391*r + 63\nCollect the terms in -2 + 536*h**3 - 5*h**2 + 5*h**2 + 317*h**3.", "\n853*h**3 - 2\nCollect the terms in -67 + 0 + 24 - 3 - 3*w**2 + 46.", "\n-3*w**2\nCollect the terms in 26*q - 2 + 2 + 76*q + 34*q.", "\n136*q\nCollect the terms in 97*o - 2 - 159*o + 2 + 286*o.", "\n224*o\nCollect the terms in -33*p + 98*p + 663*p - 188*p.", "\n540*p\nCollect the terms in 7 - 5 + 2*j**2 + 803*j**3 - 2*j + 2*j.", "\n803*j**3 + 2*j**2 + 2\nCollect the terms in -251*l**3 + 970*l - 512*l - 458*l.", "\n-251*l**3\nCollect the terms in 163795*l**3 - 81892*l**3 - 81900*l**3.", "\n3*l**3\nCollect the terms in -937*v**3 + 40*v - 4*v + 977*v**3.", "\n40*v**3 + 36*v\nCollect the terms in -842 - 33*s**3 + 842 + 36*s**3.", "\n3*s**3\nCollect the terms in -422*u**2 + 186*u**2 + 238*u**2.", "\n2*u**2\nCollect the terms in -335*d + 138*d + 199*d.", "\n2*d\nCollect the terms in -p - 4*p - 1776*p**3 - 1390*p**3.", "\n-3166*p**3 - 5*p\nCollect the terms in -739*o + 0 + 1 + 1 - 705*o.", "\n-1444*o + 2\nCollect the terms in 6*c + 4*c - 2*c - 5*c + 28*c.", "\n31*c\nCollect the terms in -10*y - 2311 - 2309 + 4620 + 3*y.", "\n-7*y\nCollect the terms in 13*v**2 - 56*v**3 - 13*v**2 - 23*v**3 + 73*v**3.", "\n-6*v**3\nCollect the terms in -17*h + 32 - 14 + h - 18 + 14*h.", "\n-2*h\nCollect the terms in -6*b + 17*b - 14*b - 13*b + 13*b.", "\n-3*b\nCollect the terms in -1217*p**3 - 1000*p**3 + 2590*p**3.", "\n373*p**3\nCollect the terms in 3289357*h - 6*h**3 - 1644679*h - 1644678*h.", "\n-6*h**3\nCollect the terms in -74 + 89*o**2 + 147 - 89*o**2 + 2*o**3 - 73.", "\n2*o**3\nCollect the terms in 169*m**3 - 341*m**3 + 68*m**2 + 177*m**3.", "\n5*m**3 + 68*m**2\nCollect the terms in 5 + 1669*n - 611*n - 4 + 1.", "\n1058*n + 2\nCollect the terms in -18*h**3 - 2*h - 2*h + 16*h**2 - 16*h**2.", "\n-18*h**3 - 4*h\nCollect the terms in 1028*r**2 - 613*r**2 + 137*r + 1186*r**2.", "\n1601*r**2 + 137*r\nCollect the terms in 4*h**3 - 6*h**3 - h**3 + 2*h**3 + 16*h**2.", "\n-h**3 + 16*h**2\nCollect the terms in -10 - 28 - 1163*o**2 + 1164*o**2.", "\no**2 - 38\nCollect the terms in -47*j + 85*j - 47*j + 9.", "\n-9*j + 9\nCollect the terms in -466 - 465 - 166*s**3 + 229*s**3 + 931.", "\n63*s**3\nCollect the terms in 60001*p**3 - 29972*p**3 - 30025*p**3.", "\n4*p**3\nCollect the terms in -571 - z**2 + 2878 + 2090 + 7*z**3.", "\n7*z**3 - z**2 + 4397\nCollect the terms in 5 - 6 + 538*i + 557*i**2 - 538*i.", "\n557*i**2 - 1\nCollect the terms in 843*l**3 - 147*l**3 + 3*l - 3*l.", "\n696*l**3\nCollect the terms in -17*r + 8*r - 2 + 2 - 18*r.", "\n-27*r\nCollect the terms in -6411 - 345*u**2 + 12826 - 6415.", "\n-345*u**2\nCollect the terms in 2051 - 38*a**3 - 2051 - 2*a.", "\n-38*a**3 - 2*a\nCollect the terms in 40192*a**3 - 201" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Bob Kessler is a harmonica colorist…\n\nUsing the well-loved sound of the pocket-sized instrument, he warps, reshapes, layers and loops live on stage to create something new yet familiar. ", "His musical approach celebrates the harmonica's undeniable ability to connect with the hearts of an audience and extends the range of a solo performance to the orchestral. ", "Rhythmic figures and drones from the at-times-otherworldly bass harmonica combine with its more common cousins, the diatonic harmonica (often called \"blues harps\") to create a live music experience informed by jazz, world music, modern classical and minimalism." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "This is part one in a two-part series due to the sheer amount of data we found on this threat and threat actor. ", "This particular attack was a combined spearphishing and exploit attempt. ", "As we’ve seen in the past, this can be a very effective combination.", "\n\nIn this specific example the attackers targeted a feature within Microsoft Word — Visual Basic Scripting for Applications. ", "While basic, the Office Macro attack vector is obviously still working quite effectively. ", "When the victim opens the Word document, an On-Open macro fires, which results in downloading an executable and launching it on the victim’s machine. ", "This threat actor has particularly lavish tastes. ", "This threat actor seem to target high-profile, money-rich industries such as banking, oil, television, and jewelry.", "\n\nDiscovering the threat\n\nThe VRT has hundreds of feeds of raw threat intelligence, ranging from suspicious URLs, files, hashes, etc. ", "We take that intelligence data and apply selection logic to it to identify samples that are worthy of review. ", "Using various methods from machine learning to dynamic sandbox analysis, we gather details about the samples – producing indicator of compromise (IOC), and alerts made up of multiple IOCs.", "\n\nDuring our analysis we took the last 45 days’ worth of samples, and clustered them together based on a matching set of alert criteria. ", "This process reduced over a million detailed sample reports to just over 15 thousand sample clusters that exhibit similar behavior. ", "Using this pattern of similar behavior, we were capable of identifying families of malware. ", "This led us to discover a Microsoft Word document that downloaded and executed a secondary sample, which began beaconing to a command and control server.", "\n\nThe Malicious Word documents & Associated Phishing campaign\n\nThe attacks we uncovered are an extremely targeted spear phish in the form of an invoice, purchase order, or receipt, written specifically for the recipient. ", "For instance, the following is an example message we observed that purportedly came from “Maesrk”, the shipping company.", "\n\nStarting Friday, July 19, 2013 at 14:45 GMT, Cisco TRAC spotted a new spam campaign likely propagated by the Zeus botnet. ", "The initial burst of spam was very short in duration and it’s possible this was intended to help hide the campaign, since it appears to be targeted towards users of a Trusteer product called Rapport. ", "Within minutes of the campaign starting, we were seeing millions of messages.", "\n\nThis spam impersonated a security update from Trusteer. ", "Attached to this file was the “RaportUpdate” file, which contained a trojan. ", "We’ve identified this specific trojan as Fareit. ", "This file is designed to impersonate an update to the legitimate Rapport product, which, as described by Trusteer, “Protects end users against Man-in-the-Browser malware and phishing attacks. ", "By preventing attacks, such as Man-in-the-Browser and Man-in-the-Middle, Trusteer Rapport secures credentials and personal information and stops online fraud and account takeover.”", "\n\nIt’s important to note that while this end-point solution is designed to protect against browser-based threats, this specific attack is email-based. ", "If the user downloads and executes the attachment via their mail client, it could bypass their browser and the protections of a legitimate Rapport client, entirely. ", "If an end user is tricked into running malicious software for an attack via an avenue the attacker can reasonably predict, it becomes much easier to bypass network security devices and software.", "\n\nOn June 6, 2013, malwaretracker.com released an analysis of Microsoft Office-based malware that was exploiting a previously unknown vulnerability that was patched by MS12-060. ", "The samples provided were alleged to be targeting Tibetan and Chinese Pro-Democracy Activists. ", "On June 7, 2013, Rapid7 released an analysis of malware dubbed ‘KeyBoy,’ also exploiting unknown vulnerabilities in Microsoft Office, similarly patched by MS12-060, but allegedly targeting interests in Vietnam and India. ", "The indicators of compromise (IoCs) listed by Rapid7 match some of the indicators of compromise listed previously by malwaretracker.com.", "\n\nIn the days leading up to #OpUSA, security professionals were busy making preparations for the supposed flood of new attacks coming on 7 May 2013. ", "As we mentioned on 1 May 2013, publicly announced attacks of this nature can have highly volatile credibility. ", "In some cases, the announcements exist only for the purpose of gaining notoriety. ", "In other cases, they are enhanced by increased publicity. ", "By 4 May 2013, speculation arose that #OpUSA was a trap; this likely caused some potential participants to rethink their plans to join. ", "Posts similar to the one below were made on Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube. ", "Read More »\n\nMicrosoft has released a “Microsoft fix it” as a temporary mitigation for this issue on systems which require IE8. ", "At this time, multiple sites have been observed hosting pages which exploit this vulnerability. ", "Users of IE8 who cannot update to IE9+ are urged to apply the Fix It immediately.", "\n\nUpdate 5/6/2013:\n\nAn exploit for this bug is now publicly available within the metasploit framework. ", "Users of the affected browser should consider updating to IE9+ or using a different browser until a patch is released. ", "Given the nature of this vulnerability additional exploitation is likely.", "\n\nAt the end of April a Watering Hole–style attack was launched from a United States Department of Labor website. ", "Many are theorizing that this attack may have been an attempt to use one compromised organization to target another. ", "Visitors to specific pages hosting nuclear-related content at the Department of Labor website were also receiving malicious content loaded from the domain dol.ns01.us. ", "Initially it appeared that this attack used CVE-2012-4792 to compromise vulnerable machines; however, Microsoft is now confirming that this is indeed a new issue. ", "This issue is being designated CVE-2013-1347 and is reported to affect all versions of Internet Explorer 8.", "\n\nSome of the individuals posting to this site, including the moderators, work for Cisco Systems. ", "Opinions expressed here and in any corresponding comments are the personal opinions of the original authors, not of Cisco. ", "The content is provided for informational purposes only and is not meant to be an endorsement or representation by Cisco or any other party. ", "This site is available to the public. ", "No information you consider confidential should be posted to this site. ", "By posting you agree to be solely responsible for the content of all information you contribute, link to, or otherwise upload to the Website and release Cisco from any liability related to your use of the Website. ", "You also grant to Cisco a worldwide, perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free and fully-paid, transferable (including rights to sublicense) right to exercise all copyright, publicity, and moral rights with respect to any original content you provide. ", "The comments are moderated. ", "Comments will appear as soon as they are approved by the moderator." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Specificity of renotropin receptors in murine Wilms tumor model.", "\nContralateral kidneys, removed forty-eight hours after unilateral nephrectomy, contain renotropic growth factors with different effects on normal kidney and Wistar/Furth rat Wilms tumor. ", "Receptors on tumor cells bind factors which, when eluted followed by in vivo bioassay, stimulate the growth of Wilms tumor. ", "Receptors on normal kidney cortex cells bind factors which, when eluted, produce kidney hypotrophy in nontumor-bearing rats." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Recognizing that exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is a key to child survival, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that \"infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life to achieve optimal growth, development and health.", "\"[@b1] To assess EBF, WHO, the United Nations Children\\'s Fund (UNICEF),[@b2]^,^[@b3] and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)[@b4] use an indicator defined as the percentage of children under 6 months of age who are being exclusively breastfed at a point in time. ", "A recent and valuable report from WHO, *World Health Statistics 2013*, includes that indicator for most countries of the world under the label \"exclusively breastfed **for** the first 6 months of life.", "\"[@b5]\n\nThus, a discrepancy exists between the recommendation and the indicator. ", "The programmatic recommendation is stated as a duration of EBF, but the indicator is stated as the prevalence of EBF in an age group at a point in time. ", "To be more specific, the recommendation is that every child should be exclusively breastfed until reaching the 6-month anniversary of its birth, that is, for a duration of 6 months. ", "The indicator, however, describes whether children under 6 months of age are currently being exclusively breastfed at the time that the survey is taken; in other words, it describes the prevalence of EBF. ", "The recommendation and the indicator are misaligned. ", "Moreover, the labeling of the indicator in the WHO report is ambiguous, depending crucially on the preposition \"for,\" and thus is easily misinterpreted.", "\n\nThe prevalence indicator yields much higher levels of EBF than a more direct indicator of duration would imply. ", "For example, the WHO report gives an estimate of 52% for Ethiopia in the time interval 2005--2012. ", "As explained below, Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data can produce an indicator that measures actual duration. ", "When applied to the Ethiopia data, this measure implies that the percentage of children who were being exclusively breastfed 6 months after their birth was 23%, less than half of the prevalence value of 52%.", "\n\nIt is useful to review the basic DHS data on breastfeeding. ", "DHS surveys do not include a question such as \"how long did you breastfeed \\[name\\]?\" ", "Whenever such a question has been asked, the responses are heavily heaped on multiples of 3 months, and especially multiples of 6 months, and thus are nearly useless for analysis. ", "Instead, all DHS surveys use a current status question about the most recent child born in the past 36 months: \"Are you currently breastfeeding \\[name\\]?\" ", "A \"yes\" response is followed by other questions on additional liquids or solid foods in the past 24 hours, making it possible to determine whether the child is being breastfed exclusively or with supplementary liquids or solids. ", "The reference to the past 24 hours adds specificity, but it is of course possible that the child was given supplements at some earlier time and has moved in and out of the criteria for exclusive breastfeeding. ", "The question is restricted to children who are living with the mother (the respondent) at the time of the survey, under the assumption that children not living with their mother are not being breastfed.", "\n\nDHS reports the percentage of children who are being exclusively breastfed at the time of the survey for various age ranges. ", "The [Table](#t01){ref-type=\"table\"} provides some numbers that appear in the report on the Ethiopia 2011 DHS survey.[@b6] For the age range 0--5 months (that is, less than 6 months) the percentage of children currently being exclusively breastfed is 52.0%. ", "It is clear that this is the source of the figure of 52% for Ethiopia that is given in the WHO report.", "\n\n###### TABLE. ", "Percentage of Children Currently Being Exclusively Breastfed (% EBF), by Elapsed Months (*a*) Between the Child\\'s Month of Birth and the Month of Interview\n\n ***a*** **% EBF** **n**\n --------- ----------- -------\n 0--1 70.3 363\n 2--3 55.3 479\n 4--5 31.8 406\n 6--8 16.9 608\n 0--5 52.0 1,248\n\nNumbers of children (n) are weighted. ", "Limited to children who are living with the mother at the time of interview. ", "Source: Ethiopia 2011 Demographic and Health Survey.", "\n\nIn another table in the same report, the median duration of exclusive breastfeeding is given as 2.3 months. ", "The calculation of the median requires smoothing and interpolation, but the methods are not sophisticated.[@b7] The same logic that underlies the calculation of the median duration of breastfeeding, and the same smoothing and interpolation techniques, could easily produce an indicator that would correspond to the WHO recommendation for 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding. ", "Applying this approach to the Ethiopia 2011 DHS survey (and setting aside the matter of EBF interruptions noted above), it can be estimated that 23% of children had been exclusively breastfed for 6 months at the time of that survey.", "\n\nAnalysis of data from Ethiopia indicates that about 23% of children had been exclusively breastfed for 6 months at the time of the survey vs. 52% of children who were currently being exclusively breastfed.", "\n\nBesides the DHS, the other major program of population-based surveys is UNICEF\\'s Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). ", "These surveys gather data on EBF in a very similar fashion to that of the DHS and could also generate the same indicator of the duration of EBF.", "\n\nThe extent to which EBF is reaching 6 months should be the indicator on center stage instead of the currently used prevalence indicator.", "\n\nThe currently used prevalence indicator has some advantages and has a legitimate role. ", "Because it includes the entire sample of infants less than 6 months old, it has more statistical stability. ", "Moreover, the health benefits of EBF are greater for the earlier months of life, and the prevalence indicator tends to give more weight to early EBF than the duration-to-6 months indicator. ", "Still, if we want to promote 6 months of EBF, the extent to which EBF is reaching 6 months should be the indicator on center stage.", "\n\nThe author acknowledges helpful comments from Shea Rutstein, Monica Kothari, and Lindsay Mallick.", "\n\n**Competing Interests:** None declared.", "\n\n**Peer Reviewed**\n\n**Cite this article as:** Pullum TW. ", "Exclusive breastfeeding: aligning the indicator with the goal. ", "Glob Health Sci Pact. ", "2014;2(3):355-356. ", "http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00061\n\n**First published online:** 2014 Aug 5\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Introduction {#s1}\n============\n\nIncreased molecular viscosity may be a cardiovascular risk factor \\[[@R01]\\]. ", "Molecular viscosity is an important factor for development and progression of heart disease \\[[@R02], [@R03]\\]. ", "According to non-Newtonian behavior, the molecular viscosity is velocity gradient-dependent. ", "Its value varies along the course of the arterial vessels. ", "There is a need to apply capable non-Newtonian models in order to capture the main flow characteristics at low strain rates \\[[@R04]\\]. ", "Furthermore, little research has focused on the exact role of molecular viscosity at low strain rates under oscillating flows. ", "In cases where either the flow slow or it is disturbed, the atherosclerosis shows preference to low wall shear stress (WSS) and/or its gradients \\[[@R05]\\]. ", "The temporal variation during cardiac pulse wave has been proposed as an atherogenic factor \\[[@R06]\\]. ", "Complex geometry vessels promote flow disturbances with low time-averaged WSS (AWSS) and high WSS temporal oscillations \\[[@R06]\\]. ", "The oscillatory shear index (OSI) and the relative residence time (RRT), indicating the residence time molecules are in contact with endothelium, are promising tools for identifying regions of possible atherosclerosis localization \\[[@R07]\\].", "\n\nElevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) co-localized with atherosclerotic plaque development was reported \\[[@R08]\\]. ", "The human aortic arch is highly complex geometry exposing high curvatures and the flow behavior requires extensive analyses. ", "Elucidating the LDL site concentration under physiological oscillating flow is a step of paramount importance \\[[@R08], [@R09]\\]. ", "The localization of atherosclerotic regions in the normal left coronary artery was reported \\[[@R10]\\]. ", "A highly bend arterial vessel was numerically analyzed to elucidate the localization of atherosclerotic lesions under steady flow conditions \\[[@R11]\\]. ", "Elevated LDL luminal surface did not co-locate to the sites of the lowest WSS.", "\n\nFour non-Newtonian models, namely power law \\[[@R12]\\], Carreau \\[[@R12]\\], Casson \\[[@R13]\\], non-Newtonian power law \\[[@R12]\\] plus the Newtonian one are compared under oscillating flow conditions for the normal aorta. ", "These models were previously analyzed under steady flow conditions \\[[@R14]\\]. ", "Non-Newtonian flow models in human right coronary arteries were also examined \\[[@R15]\\]. ", "To the best of our knowledge, little research has been done concerning the biomechanical parameters of molecular viscosity models, AWSS, OSI, and RRT in relation to the LDL distribution within the normal human aortic arch under oscillating flow. ", "Furthermore, it is still unclear which of these factors best spot the prone to atheroma regions.", "\n\nMethods {#s2}\n=======\n\nThe normal human aortic arch centreline was generated using appropriate computer-aided design (CAD) software. ", "The daughter vessels centerlines were generated and placed at the appropriate aortic arch centerline locations. ", "Vessel cross-sections taken every 1.0 mm were set perpendicular to aorta and its daughter centerlines. ", "The 3D geometry model is shown in [Figure 1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The ascending aorta diameter at its entrance measured 3.477 cm, the descending aorta outlet was 3.076 cm, while the outlet diameters of the brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery segments were 1.435, 1.273, and 1.433 cm, respectively. ", "The computational grid generator ANSYS Meshing (ANSYS Workbench 13) was utilized. ", "The computational grid was created using tetrahedral for the main lumen volume and prismatic elements layers near endothelial wall in order to improve the accuracy and resolution of blood flow wall properties. ", "Details of the sparse computational grid are shown in [Figure 1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "Mesh independence study was performed using 0.9, 1.5 and 2.0 million computational cells grids. ", "The 1.5 million cells grid gave mesh independent solution for the examined parameters. ", "An extended time period of five cardiac cycles was simulated in order to avoid period dependencies.", "\n\n{#F1}\n\nFive different blood viscosity models (the Newtonian and four non-Newtonian molecular viscosity models) were tested in the present study and are summarized in equations (a)-(e) of [Figure 2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}.", "\n\n{#F2}\n\nThe numerical code Fluent solved the governing Navier-Stokes equations \\[[@R10], [@R16]\\]. ", "The assumptions made about the flow were that it was 3D, unsteady, laminar, isothermal, with no external forces applied on it while the aortic arch wall was comprised of non-elastic and impermeable material. ", "For the LDL solution problem, the flow equations were coupled with mass transport equation (semi-permeable walls) and solved under steady flow conditions. ", "The convection-diffusion equation is presented in equation (f) of [Figure 2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, in which C mg/mL is the LDL concentration, and $\\overset{\\rightarrow}{J}$ is the LDL diffusion flux, calculated using equation (g) of [Figure 2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}.", "\n\nIn equation (f) and (g) ([Fig. ", "2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}), D m^2^/s is the LDL diffusion coefficient. ", "It was assumed the molecular diffusivity was 15.0 × 10^-12^ m^2^/s \\[[@R11], [@R17], [@R18]\\]. ", "The diffusivity was assumed isotropic throughout. ", "Pulsatile inflow boundary condition was calculated using user-defined functions (UDFs) subroutines, written in ANSI C programming language. ", "Convergence was achieved when all velocity component, mass and energy changes, from iteration to iteration, attained values less than 10^-6^.\n\nFlow conditions {#s2a}\n---------------\n\nThe inlet pulse wave is shown in [Fig. ", "3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, while the pulse period of this waveform is 800.0 ms. ", "Blood outflow discharges were calculated using a slightly modified version of the Murray's law. ", "The power index value for the Murray's law was set to 2.4.", "\n\n{#F3}\n\nMass conditions {#s2b}\n---------------\n\nA uniform flow velocity of 0.05 m/s and constant concentration Co of LDL (1.3 mg/mL) were set at the ascending aorta orifice. ", "At artery outlets, the gradient of LDL along the vessels was set equal to zero (Newmann condition). ", "The boundary conditions can be described using equation (h) of [Figure 2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, where C~w~ mg/mL is the endothelial surface (wall) concentration, V~w~ is the infiltration velocity, and n is the direction normal to the wall. ", "The condition described in equation (h) stated that the LDL (KC~w~) mass entering from endothelium to vessel walls was determined from the difference of mass carried to vessel by infiltration (C~w~V~w~) and the mass diffusing back to the main flow (*D*(∂*C*/∂*n*)) \\[[@R10]\\]. ", "The infiltration velocity V~w~ was set to 0.6 × 10^-8^ m/s \\[[@R19]\\]. ", "The endothelial permeability K was 2.0 × 10^-10^ m/s \\[[@R10]\\]. ", "The components of the WSS possibly had different effects upon endothelial cells.", "\n\nThe AWSS (N/m^2^) is defined in equation (i) of [Figure 2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, where $\\text{|}W\\overset{\\rightarrow}{S}S\\text{|}$ is the instantaneous WSS magnitude (N/m^2^) and T (s) is the pulse period. ", "The averaged wall shear stress vector (AWSSV) (N/m^2^) is defined in equation (j) of [Figure 2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}.", "\n\nOSI calculated the differences between AWSS and AWSSV. ", "OSI showed the WSS vector deflection from flow predominant direction during the cardiac cycle. ", "Thus, OSI was calculated using equation (k) of [Figure 2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The OSI values varied between 0.0 (for no cyclic variation of WSS vector) to 0.5 (for 180.0° deflection) of WSS direction. ", "The OSI needed modification for capturing the atheromatic flow regions of low WSS and high OSI at the same site of the arterial system.", "\n\nThe RRT was calculated using equation (l) of [Figure 2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"} \\[[@R07]\\]. ", "The RRT parameter combined the effects of OSI and AWSS.", "\n\nResults {#s3}\n=======\n\nAll non-Newtonian models qualitatively predict similar behavior. ", "However, these patterns differ in quantitative terms. ", "The power law yields low molecular viscosity at low strain rates, considerably smaller than 0.00345 kg/m/s, widely accepted Newtonian molecular viscosity. ", "In contrary, the Carreau and Casson law yield molecular viscosity higher to Newtonian law at all strain rates. ", "At very low strain rates, the Carreau, Casson and the non-Newtonian power law models yield values approaching 0.010 kg/m/s. The Carreau and Casson law curves are very steep at the strain rate region less than 100.01/s. In the non-Newtonian power law, the steepness is relatively moderate.", "\n\nAWSS (N/m^2^) contours are shown in [Figure 4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "Low AWSS values develop at the concave parts of the curved flow regions, most noticeable at the downstream flow region of the left subclavian artery as well as at the first quarter of the concave descending aorta. ", "Increased AWSS develops at the convex part of the ascending aorta (very end of it) as well as at the first quarter of the convex part of the descending aorta. ", "In between these two locations, the AWSS lowers its value, although these values are still higher than those at the opposite site of the aorta (concave site).", "\n\n{#F4}\n\nHigh OSI indicates possible atheromatic location. ", "OSI values higher than 0.2 tends to cover large aorta endothelial regions ([Fig. ", "5](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "High OSI and low AWSS develop at the concave part downstream to left subclavian artery. ", "High OSI endothelium regions \\> 0.2 tend to collocate (but not always) with low AWSS regions. ", "However, there are exceptions of this rule. ", "For example, high OSI and AWSS values develop at the outer part of the ascending aorta ([Figs. ", "4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [5](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n{#F5}\n\nThere is a need to further investigate the actual atheromatic localization in the aorta. ", "For this reason, the RRT factor is introduced \\[[@R07]\\]. ", "The RRT factor combines the effects of OSI and AWSS (equation (l) of [Fig. ", "2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "High RRT indicates regions of possible atheromatic localization, denoting that the blood molecules will spend relatively more time at specific endothelium regions. ", "High RRT value indicates that AWSS is low and at the same time OSI is high. ", "Concave sites compared to convex ones are regions of high RRT values ([Fig. ", "6](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "High RRT values \\> 15.0 develop at the concave part of the aortic arch downstream to left subclavian artery. ", "Two distinct rings of high RRT, similar to the OSI rings of [Figure 5](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}, appear at the middle descending aorta part. ", "The RRT pattern distribution ([Fig. ", "6](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}) is closer to AWSS than to OSI. ", "Additionally, RRT is by definition inversely proportional to the AWSSV (equations (j), (k) and (l) of [Fig. ", "2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n{#F6}\n\nNormalized LDL concentrations C~w~/C~o~ using non-Newtonian power law model are shown in [Figure 7](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}, revealing LDL topography. ", "Derived results of the normalized peak LDL reach 35.0% higher than entrance for the concave site. ", "The convex site exhibits LDL values ranging from 17.0% to 19.0%. ", "Elevated LDL regions occur downstream to the left subclavian artery. ", "Daughter vessels show elevated LDL concentration because of the low velocity values.", "\n\n{#F7}\n\nEndothelial LDL increases with decreasing WSS ([Fig. ", "8](#F8){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "As WSS reduces to zero, the LDL increases at higher rate. ", "High LDL occurs at 0.3 N/m^2^ or smaller. ", "The LDL concentration depends on other factors as well.", "\n\n{#F8}\n\nDirect comparison of the LDL with the RRT, AWSS and OSI distribution using the non-Newtonian power law is shown in [Figure 9](#F9){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The LDL pattern shown in [Figure 9a](#F9){ref-type=\"fig\"} is similar to the RRT one ([Fig. ", "9b](#F9){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "High LDL endothelium regions, which are located at the concave aorta site, are well predicted with high RRT regions. ", "Good comparison is also detected for the low LDL endothelium regions and low RRT at the convex site. ", "The transitional region between high and low LDL distribution is also well predicted with the RRT factor. ", "Low AWSS predicts the high LDL concentration at the concave aorta site as well as at the convex aorta site ([Fig. ", "9c](#F9){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Furthermore, the transitional zone between high and low LDL is well predicted. ", "However, the AWSS distribution shows that the affected concave site of the aorta exhibits uniform low AWSS (without patches of high AWSS). ", "This is not the case for the RRT distribution. ", "The RRT takes into account the OSI values ([Fig. ", "9d](#F9){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and modifies accordingly the distribution.", "\n\n{#F9}\n\nRelationships between time AWSSV and AWSS for the applied blood flow models are shown in [Figure 10](#F10){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The differences show the degree deflection from blood flow predominant direction. ", "Non-Newtonian blood flow models show that high magnitude differences between these two biomechanical quantities appear at low AWSS values \\< 0.8 N/m^2^.\n\n{#F10}\n\nThe relationships between OSI and AWSSV are shown in [Figure 11](#F11){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "It is evident that as the AWSSV approaches zero, the OSI increases and this is captured with all models. ", "AWSSV values of less than 0.5 N/m^2^ yield a steep increase to the OSI values. ", "Therefore, high OSI is related to low AWSSV.", "\n\n{#F11}\n\nDiscussion {#s4}\n==========\n\nThe biomechanical flow parameters of AWSS, AWSSV, OSI, and RRT elucidate the endothelial surfaces prone to atherosclerosis. ", "Four non-Newtonian oscillating molecular viscosity models plus the Newtonian were analyzed. ", "The mass transport of the LDL is also solved in conjunction to the blood flow under steady flow. ", "Henceforth, the comparison of the LDL distribution with the tested flow parameters during the cardiac cycle using non-Newtonian blood behavior will possibly give a better understanding in spotting the prone to atherosclerosis aorta regions.", "\n\nEndothelial regions at the outer walls of the main ascending-descending aorta yield high molecular viscosity values. ", "Low strain rates appear in these regions and are captured by the viscosity models. ", "Molecular viscosity affects AWSS distribution and is considered (at low values) favorable for atherosclerosis genesis and development. ", "Morphological alterations are activated via WSS magnitude and WSS orientation \\[[@R20]\\]. ", "Low WSS values \\< 1.5 N/m^2^ are known to favor atherosclerosis.", "\n\nHigh WSS favors endothelial cell elongation \\[[@R21]\\], while low WSS yields to polygonal shapes. ", "The WSS interacts with the endothelial cells and subsequently with the arterial wall permeability. ", "High AWSS develops at the convex parts of the curved flow regions. ", "Low AWSS develops at the concave parts, most noticeable at the downstream flow region of the left subclavian artery.", "\n\nLow OSI values denote minimal change in the flow direction \\[[@R22]\\]. ", "Large OSI values cause endothelial dysfunction because the instantaneous WSS vector alters its direction during pulse wave. ", "Endothelial regions of low AWSS and high OSI coexist in many parts. ", "Analysis shows that low OSI and high AWSS values develop at the convex part of the ascending aorta. ", "Nearly all non-Newtonian blood flow models capture the just described flow behavior. ", "The inverse correlation between AWSS and OSI is further reinforced after performing statistical analysis between AWSS and OSI results for all examined flow models. ", "Person coefficients between OSI and AWSS have negative values for all models: -0.221 (power law), -0.287 (Carreau), -0.337 (Casson), -0.272 (non-Newtonian power law) and -0.358 (Newtonian model) ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "OSI tends to exhibit high values in regions where AWSSV values are low. ", "This becomes apparent from [Figure 11](#F11){ref-type=\"fig\"} as well as from the OSI-AWSSV Pearson coefficient in [Table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "These coefficients are: -0.784 (power law), -0.721 (Carreau), -0.721 (Casson), -0.784 (non-Newtonian power law) and -0.731 (Newtonian). ", "Pearson coefficients are higher between OSI and AWSSV to OSI and AWSS and are statistically significant for a P \\< 0.01. ", "Their relatively low values arise because none of the examined biomechanical parameters have a clearly linear correlation with another one. ", "Thus, the Pearson coefficient is used as marker for macroscopic behavior estimation and not as a part of linear regression process.", "\n\n###### Pearson Correlation Factors Between Transient Blood Flow Properties\n\n AWSS (Pa) AWSSV (Pa) OSI RRT\n ------------------------- ----------- ------------ -------- --------\n Power law \n   AWSS (Pa) 1 0.735 -0.221 -0.244\n   AWSSV (Pa) 1 -0.784 -0.444\n   OSI 1 0.542\n   RRT 1\n Casson \n   AWSS (Pa) 1 0.836 -0.337 -0.272\n   AWSSV (Pa) 1 -0.721 -0.386\n   OSI 1 0.565\n   RRT 1\n Newtonian \n   AWSS (Pa) 1 0.836 -0.358 -0.305\n   AWSSV (Pa) 1 -0.731 -0.418\n   OSI 1 0.605\n   RRT 1\n Carreau \n   AWSS (Pa) 1 0.816 -0.287 -0.212\n   AWSSV (Pa) 1 -0.721 -0.340\n   OSI 1 0.490\n   RRT 1\n Non-Newtonian power law \n   AWSS (Pa) 1 0.759 -0.272 -0.229\n   AWSSV (Pa) 1 -0.784 -0.406\n   OSI 1 0.523\n   RRT 1\n\nCorrelations are statistically significant at the 0.01 level for all the examined parameters.", "\n\nLow AWSS regions, \\< 0.8 N/m^2^, exhibit high AWSSV variation for all viscosity models ([Fig. ", "10](#F10){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "However, the positive Pearson correlation factors, which vary from 0.735 for power law to 0.836 for Casson and Newtonian ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}), indicate proportional relationship, when AWSS hurdles a \"limit\" value close to 0.8 N/m^2^.\n\nHigh RRT, emerging from simultaneous low AWSS and high OSI, denotes that the blood molecules spend relatively more time at specific endothelium regions and as a result give rise to atheroma genesis and progression. ", "All non-Newtonian models qualitatively predict similar RRT distribution. ", "Concave sites develop high RRT values compared to convex sites. ", "High RRT values \\< 15.0 are present at the concave part of the aortic arch downstream to left subclavian artery. ", "RRT has negative correlation with AWSS and AWSSV, whereas its behavior is proportional to OSI for all models ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "A question arises as to which of the physical parameters better describes the possible atherosclerotic aorta regions. ", "Ground evidence is needed to support that high RRT value best describes the possible atherosclerotic aorta regions.", "\n\nThe backing to the above question comes from the coupled solution of flow and mass transfer equation. ", "According to prevailing theories, low WSS and high OSI are responsible for atherosclerosis process. ", "The RRT calculation requires relatively less central processing time since the mass flow transport is not incorporated. ", "Therefore, it is a more flexible biomechanical factor for atherosclerosis localization. ", "It is the contact time between LDL and endothelial surface and the subsequent interaction which really matters and this is exactly what the RRT does. ", "Wherever and whenever the flow is disturbed the mass entering or exiting the arterial wall is substantially affected \\[[@R23]\\]. ", "Near wall path velocities affect LDL elevation. ", "Concave sides are mostly responsible for elevated LDL ([Fig. ", "7](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Convex sides mostly result in low LDL concentration. ", "Low LDL regions cover relatively large endothelium areas. ", "Results show that the RRT is, relatively, a satisfactory biomechanical factor since its distribution is closer to the LDL distribution. ", "For the concave aorta site, the peak LDL value is 35.0% higher than its entrance value. ", "For the convex site, this value is 18.0%.", "\n\nPrevious investigations \\[[@R24]\\] indicate that the flow pattern is crucial for plaque formation. ", "However, increased LDL values are developed wherever high curvature effects are encountered. ", "The velocity streamlines using the non-Newtonian power law model at time instants, 1) t = 0.075 s, 2) t = 0.150 s, 3) t = 0.250 s and 4) t = 0.60 s, are shown in [Figure 12](#F12){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The velocity streamline time and spatial variability, especially in regions where OSI and RRT attain high values, give rise to elevated LDL (not shown). ", "Centrifugal forces acting on the flow are forcing part of the bulk of fluid to move towards concave side, noticeable at the downstream flow region of the left subclavian artery (not shown). ", "The WSS vectors using the non-Newtonian power law model are shown in [Figure 13](#F13){ref-type=\"fig\"}.", "\n\n{#F12}\n\n{#F13}\n\nFurther analysis is needed to capture the arterial wall deflection (elastic material) during the cardiac pulse. ", "Altered geometry seriously affects the involved biomechanical parameters. ", "The incorporation of fluid-structure interaction with the mass transport within the human arterial wall will give a better inside into atherosclerosis genesis and development.", "\n\nConclusion {#s4a}\n----------\n\nAll four non-Newtonian molecular viscosity blood flow models yield a consistent aorta pattern for AWSSV, OSI, and RRT. ", "The abilities of non-Newtonian blood flow models are mostly seen in satisfactorily capturing the molecular viscosity at low strain rate values. ", "The non-Newtonian power law blood flow model approximates the flow parameters in a more satisfactory way. ", "High AWSS develops at the convex parts of the curved flow regions, most noticeable at the convex part of the ascending aorta. ", "High OSI and low AWSS develop at the concave parts of the curved flow regions, most noticeable at the downstream flow region of the left subclavian artery as well as at the concave ascending aorta. ", "High OSI and low AWSS regions do not always collocate.", "\n\nHigh RRT and molecular viscosity values appear in the downstream flow region of the left subclavian artery. ", "High RRT values emerge as an appropriate tool for identifying possible plaque localization. ", "The RRT is relatively a satisfactory biomechanical factor since its distribution is closer to the LDL.", "\n\nThe LDL elevation of the luminal surface side determines the amount of its quantity transported to the arterial wall. ", "Concave aortic arch sites are regions prone to atherosclerosis. ", "Convex parts are not. ", "High LDL endothelium regions are well predicted with high RRT values. ", "Equally well comparison is detected at the convex site. ", "Furthermore, the transitional region between high and low LDL distribution is also well predicted with RRT. ", "For the concave aorta site, the peak LDL value is 35.0% higher than its entrance value. ", "For the convex site, this value is 18.0%.", "\n\nConflict of Interest {#s5}\n====================\n\nThe authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "var ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar call = require('./_iter-call');\nvar isArrayIter = require('./_is-array-iter');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar getIterFn = require('./core.get-iterator-method');\nvar BREAK = {};\nvar RETURN = {};\nvar exports = module.exports = function (iterable, entries, fn, that, ITERATOR) {\n var iterFn = ITERATOR ? ", "function () { return iterable; } : getIterFn(iterable);\n var f = ctx(fn, that, entries ? ", "2 : 1);\n var index = 0;\n var length, step, iterator, result;\n if (typeof iterFn !", "= 'function') throw TypeError(iterable + ' is not iterable!');", "\n // fast case for arrays with default iterator\n if (isArrayIter(iterFn)) for (length = toLength(iterable.length); length > index; index++) {\n result = entries ? ", "f(anObject(step = iterable[index])[0], step[1]) : f(iterable[index]);\n if (result === BREAK || result === RETURN) return result;\n } else for (iterator = iterFn.call(iterable); !(", "step = iterator.next()).done;) {\n result = call(iterator, f, step.value, entries);\n if (result === BREAK || result === RETURN) return result;\n }\n};\nexports.", "BREAK = BREAK;\nexports.", "RETURN = RETURN;\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to get the name of a named num in R?", "\n\nI am trying to access the name of a named num in R. My list looks like this:\ncorrelationCoeffs\n\nLine H.points.per.game V.points.per.game H.fg.made.per.game V.fg.made.per.game\n0.3724764838 0.2315726001 0.2315726001 0.2156721183 0.2156721183 \n\nI know how to access specific numbers and specific entries as so:\ncorrelationCoeffs[[\"Line\"]]\n 0.3724764838\ncorrelationCoeffs[\"Line\"]\n Line\n 0.3724764838\n\nBut I am looking to access the actual name for a given index (for example, given index 1, I want to get \"Line\" as the result).", "\n\nA:\n\nUsing names() and supplying the index can help with that. ", " \nnames(correlationCoeffs[index]) \n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0009449854260310531, 0.0008296153391711414, 0.0005791870644316077, 0.0005536151584237814 ]

[ "/* crypto/dh/dh_kdf.c */\n/*\n * Written by Stephen Henson for the OpenSSL project.", "\n */\n/* ====================================================================\n * Copyright (c) 2013 The OpenSSL Project. ", " All rights reserved.", "\n *\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n * are met:\n *\n * 1. ", "Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.", "\n *\n * 2. ", "Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in\n * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the\n * distribution.", "\n *\n * 3. ", "All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this\n * software must display the following acknowledgment:\n * \"This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project\n * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (", "http://www.openssl.org/)\"\n *\n * 4. ", "The names \"OpenSSL Toolkit\" and \"OpenSSL Project\" must not be used to\n * endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n * prior written permission. ", "For written permission, please contact\n * openssl-core@openssl.org.", "\n *\n * 5. ", "Products derived from this software may not be called \"OpenSSL\"\n * nor may \"OpenSSL\" appear in their names without prior written\n * permission of the OpenSSL Project.", "\n *\n * 6. ", "Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following\n * acknowledgment:\n * \"This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project\n * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/)\"\n *\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY\n * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\n * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. ", " IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR\n * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,\n * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT\n * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;\n * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)\n * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,\n * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED\n * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.", "\n * ====================================================================\n */\n\n#include <e_os.h>\n\n#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_CMS\n#include <string.h>\n#include <openssl/dh.h>\n#include <openssl/evp.h>\n#include <openssl/asn1.h>\n#include <openssl/cms.h>\n\n/* Key derivation from X9.42/RFC2631 */\n\n#define DH_KDF_MAX (1L << 30)\n\n/* Skip past an ASN1 structure: for OBJECT skip content octets too */\n\nstatic int skip_asn1(unsigned char **pp, long *plen, int exptag)\n{\n const unsigned char *q = *pp;\n int i, tag, xclass;\n long tmplen;\n i = ASN1_get_object(&q, &tmplen, &tag, &xclass, *plen);\n if (i & 0x80)\n return 0;\n if (tag !", "= exptag || xclass !", "= V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL)\n return 0;\n if (tag == V_ASN1_OBJECT)\n q += tmplen;\n *plen -= q - *pp;\n *pp = (unsigned char *)q;\n return 1;\n}\n\n/*\n * Encode the DH shared info structure, return an offset to the counter value\n * so we can update the structure without reencoding it.", "\n */\n\nstatic int dh_sharedinfo_encode(unsigned char **pder, unsigned char **pctr,\n ASN1_OBJECT *key_oid, size_t outlen,\n const unsigned char *ukm, size_t ukmlen)\n{\n unsigned char *p;\n int derlen;\n long tlen;\n /* \"magic\" value to check offset is sane */\n static unsigned char ctr[4] = { 0xF3, 0x17, 0x22, 0x53 };\n X509_ALGOR atmp;\n ASN1_OCTET_STRING ctr_oct, ukm_oct, *pukm_oct;\n ASN1_TYPE ctr_atype;\n if (ukmlen > DH_KDF_MAX || outlen > DH_KDF_MAX)\n return 0;\n ctr_oct.data = ctr;\n ctr_oct.length = 4;\n ctr_oct.flags = 0;\n ctr_oct.type = V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING;\n ctr_atype.type = V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING;\n ctr_atype.value.octet_string = &ctr_oct;\n atmp.algorithm = key_oid;\n atmp.parameter = &ctr_atype;\n if (ukm) {\n ukm_oct.type = V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING;\n ukm_oct.flags = 0;\n ukm_oct.data = (unsigned char *)ukm;\n ukm_oct.length = ukmlen;\n pukm_oct = &ukm_oct;\n } else\n pukm_oct = NULL;\n derlen = CMS_SharedInfo_encode(pder, &atmp, pukm_oct, outlen);\n if (derlen <= 0)\n return 0;\n p = *pder;\n tlen = derlen;\n if (!", "skip_asn1(&p, &tlen, V_ASN1_SEQUENCE))\n return 0;\n if (!", "skip_asn1(&p, &tlen, V_ASN1_SEQUENCE))\n return 0;\n if (!", "skip_asn1(&p, &tlen, V_ASN1_OBJECT))\n return 0;\n if (!", "skip_asn1(&p, &tlen, V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING))\n return 0;\n if (CRYPTO_memcmp(p, ctr, 4))\n return 0;\n *pctr = p;\n return derlen;\n}\n\nint DH_KDF_X9_42(unsigned char *out, size_t outlen,\n const unsigned char *Z, size_t Zlen,\n ASN1_OBJECT *key_oid,\n const unsigned char *ukm, size_t ukmlen, const EVP_MD *md)\n{\n EVP_MD_CTX mctx;\n int rv = 0;\n unsigned int i;\n size_t mdlen;\n unsigned char *der = NULL, *ctr;\n int derlen;\n if (Zlen > DH_KDF_MAX)\n return 0;\n mdlen = EVP_MD_size(md);\n EVP_MD_CTX_init(&mctx);\n derlen = dh_sharedinfo_encode(&der, &ctr, key_oid, outlen, ukm, ukmlen);\n if (derlen == 0)\n goto err;\n for (i = 1;; i++) {\n unsigned char mtmp[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];\n EVP_DigestInit_ex(&mctx, md, NULL);\n if (!", "EVP_DigestUpdate(&mctx, Z, Zlen))\n goto err;\n ctr[3] = i & 0xFF;\n ctr[2] = (i >> 8) & 0xFF;\n ctr[1] = (i >> 16) & 0xFF;\n ctr[0] = (i >> 24) & 0xFF;\n if (!", "EVP_DigestUpdate(&mctx, der, derlen))\n goto err;\n if (outlen >= mdlen) {\n if (!", "EVP_DigestFinal(&mctx, out, NULL))\n goto err;\n outlen -= mdlen;\n if (outlen == 0)\n break;\n out += mdlen;\n } else {\n if (!", "EVP_DigestFinal(&mctx, mtmp, NULL))\n goto err;\n memcpy(out, mtmp, outlen);\n OPENSSL_cleanse(mtmp, mdlen);\n break;\n }\n }\n rv = 1;\n err:\n if (der)\n OPENSSL_free(der);\n EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(&mctx);\n return rv;\n}\n#endif\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0009339951793663204, 0.0016104019014164805, 0.0006133944261819124, 0.0006145641673356295, 0.0006059443112462759, 0.0019042458152398467, 0.0005905030411668122, 0.0020277355797588825, 0.0005838233046233654, 0.0007609714521095157, 0.0006525760400108993, 0.0006257673376239836, 0.002371828304603696, 0.0006335349753499031, 0.0015641155187040567, 0.0006049750954844058, 0.0006851013749837875, 0.0067198630422353745, 0.0024784954730421305, 0.0017014851327985525, 0.010427038185298443, 0.0014690106036141515, 0.0014690106036141515, 0.0022154892794787884, 0.008299203589558601, 0.00344478921033442, 0.0016917652683332562, 0.03130761906504631, 0.0077109369449317455 ]

[ "Q:\n\nForms as modal windows\n\ni got a form and i want to show it as window dialog and able to submit it via dialog\nhow i do that? ", "what module i need?", "\nalso, how can i make that i get unique class for each form element?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe Popups module is awesome for this.", "\nYou can easily target a page (with your form), and it puts the content of the page in the popup. ", "It opens it similarly to a lightbox, but it does not open a new browser window.", "\n\nA:\n\nDrupal has a module for modals.", "\nAs for the unique class names in your form, this article may be helpful.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0007806248613633215, 0.000684924831148237, 0.0006438123527914286, 0.0006373567739501595, 0.0007316166302189231, 0.0007279213750734925, 0.000867814349476248, 0.0005368235870264471, 0.0019954426679760218 ]

[ "This invention relates to underwater communication and more specifically to a distributed lift system for a signal cable used in radio communication between a submerged submarine and a surface vessel.", "\nA major problem in submarine operation is radio communication while submerged. ", "The severe attenuation of electromagnetic waves in seawater requires that an antenna be placed at or very near the surface of water. ", "The systems currently used for this purpose are either a floating wire antenna or an antenna cable with a single hydrodynamic lifter attached near the free end of the cable. ", "The floating wire system places very severe restrictions on operating depth and speed. ", "The single lift system is better than the floating wire system, but it is also considered inadequate, partly because its size makes it diffficult to handle and stow and partly because its single catenary requires excessive lengths of cable as the submarine goes deeper.", "\nIt is thus desirable to improve the speed-depth performance of buoyant cable systems used on submarines to provide radio frequency services while submerged below periscope depth or for some other similar purposes." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0.0005819721263833344, 0.0010782305616885424, 0.0006775225047022104, 0.0006413210066966712, 0.0006725563434883952, 0.0007426277734339237, 0.0006950436509214342 ]

[ "The quality food for puppies or balanced food does not should be the excellent recognized logo nor the most steeply-priced economically, it should simply comprise the precise components and the main nutrition the ’s for the dog to eat.", "\n\nThe fact is that there’s a fantastic ignorance on the way to understand if the food/ balanced you have got chosen is of precise quality or no. ", "Remember that each dog has specific needs, younger puppies want extra power than older puppies. ", "As food is the main nutrition of your dog energy so we should not compromise on this issue.", "\n\nIf you are a dog lover and want to keep your puppy happy you must subscript bark box, which provides each month a box of surprising gifts for your best friend (puppy). ", "You must follow some barkbox detailed review if you are a dog lover.", "\n\nMerrick Grain Free Dry Dog Food\n\nThe Meals for puppies with meat and animal derivatives. ", "Among its elements with farm-sparkling culmination and greens like sweet potatoes, blueberries, peas and more. ", "The composition of this up keeps food gives first-class and a wealthy taste of flavor for our pet.", "\n\nThis kind of fabric is best to avoid breaking if our canine has a bent to attempt to dig on its surface. ", "Likewise, the packing prevents the food from drying out or from obtaining a part of the environmental humidity. ", "In this way, it’s going to continue to be the same as the first day for an extended time. ", "It incorporates omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids resource in a healthful skin and coat for puppies.", "\n\nInstinct Original Grain Free Recipe Natural Dry Dog Food\n\nThis dry meal stands out for its healthful omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids for a tender and bright coat. ", "In addition to its high percentage of moisture, this product includes 7% protein and 4% fats. ", "Within the components of this dog food the share of herbal substances with added vitamins and minerals.", "\n\nIt also consists of cereals, minerals, and fish and there by way of products. ", "It is, therefore, an entire food and whose taste regularly likes our pets. ", "Being soft, it’s far very comfortable to eat up by puppies whose dental issues make it tough to devour. ", "The meals are one 100% free from corn, wheat, soy, chemicals, and artificial shades & preservatives.", "\n\nTaste of the Wild High Prairie Canine\n\nThe product incorporates natural foods with the exceptional quantity of nutrients & minerals; end result and veggies as the herbal antioxidant and fatty acid combo for skin and coat. ", "There is also a high percentage of meat and animal with the aid of merchandise. ", "It is, consequently, a whole food where the presence of crude protein predominates.", "\n\nAmong its additives, its high content material of vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E stands out. ", "Similarly, there is a presence of iron, iodine, and zinc, among other elements and usually in the form of compounds. ", "Food specifically indicated to achieve a greater contribution of power.", "\n\nAs it is not encouraged for upkeep in taking or for sedentary animals, if we’ve got more than one dog, we must be aware of the power necessities of every dog. ", "Its composition highlights the presence of meat and animal derivatives. ", "As it is the perfect product which emphasizes the excessive content material of protein, perfect to provide power.", "\n\nLikewise, it is a product that favors the care of bones and muscle tissue, while assisting the increase and protects the digestive machine of our dog. ", "This product is offered in a size of 30lb, a resistant material that protects the food from oxidation, humidity, and heat.", "\n\nCastor and Pollux Organix\n\nThis product has a composition in which its choice of meats, chicken, and beef stands out. ", "It also has different vital substances inclusive of rice, greens, carrots, corn, and wheat. ", "It is, therefore, a food whose taste will satisfy our pet.", "\n\nIt has a high protein content and rice favors the nice absorption of strength. ", "Similarly, the cereals of its composition desire the fitness of the pores and skin and hair.", "\n\nGreens, then again, facilitate digestion. ", "This food is offered in a bag of 5.25 kilos. ", "It’s far an adequate feed for its maintenance intake with the aid of animals of various sizes. ", "The indicated dose for every dog has calculated in a simple manner thanks to the table that may be discovered on the product label.", "\n\nThe food will provide each protein and fat to the dog. ", "All this is what a dog wishes to keep wholesome existence for growing without any issue. ", "And the food is full of nutrients and minerals. ", "It’s for a food that you will purchase again without any doubts.", "\n\nMy name is Jennifer Johnson and I am a skin care specialist. ", "I am one of the youngest specialists in Asia who is teaching nearly about 5000 students around the world. ", "I am the owner of http://infoaging.org/ where I share skin care product review with all my audience." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "The GLAAD Media Awards welcomed Oscar winners like Patricia Arquette, Emmy winners like Jill Soloway and Jeffrey Tambor and a parade of stars wearing \"&\" pins, all showing their support of acceptance and equality for the LGBTQ community. ", "While politics did dominate talk on the stage inside the Beverly Hilton on Saturday night, there were moments of levity delivered as trophies were handed out across a range of categories including film, television and media in a program hosted by comedian Cameron Esposito.", "\n\nTop awards went to Arquette, honored with a Vanguard prize, Troye Sivan with the Stephen F. Kolzak Award, and best picture Oscar winner Moonlight, which took home outstanding film in wide release. ", "The film's Tarell Alvin McCraney and Trevante Rhodes were on hand to accept from Mary J. Blige. ", "Soloway and her Transparent crew took home the Outstanding Comedy series trophy.", "\n\nAn East Coast installment of the awards is scheduled to take place in New York on May 6 at the New York Hilton Midtown.", "\n\nThe 28th annual GLAAD Media Awards will air on Logo Thursday, April 6 at 10 p.m. ET/PT.", "\n\nA list of L.A. winners follows." ]

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[ "Nanowires are a viable device option for continuing complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) scaling. ", "Stacked nanowires provide area efficiency, i.e., increasing drive current at a given layout area.", "\nOne drawback to the stacked nanowire design is that the minimum device width is the periphery of each of one nanowire stack. ", "However, it is desired in some applications to have the flexibility to adjust the effective device width beyond the integral number of nanowire stacks. ", "For instance, one example is static random access memory (SRAM) in which the ratio of n-channel field effect transistor (NFET) and p-channel FET (PFET) device widths may be a decimal, say 1.5 instead of 1 or 2. ", "Such a device configuration cannot be achieved using current processing technology.", "\nTherefore, there is a need for forming stacked nanowire devices with tunable effective device width." ]

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[ "LS4 and LS6 series\n\nAMS Flight is the possessor of the LS4 and the LS6 series models know how and AMS continues to care for these world popular and pilots like gliders. ", "AMS Flight has all of the LS4 series and many of the LS6 and LS9 series production tools, means airframe parts moulds, except of the LS6 series fuselage moulds set, while these tools are used by the company DG Flugzeugbau to manufacture LS8 and LS10 fuselages out.", "\n\nSpare parts, drawings and technical support of LS4 and LS6 series are available at AMS Flight. ", "Manuals, technical modifications and technical drawings of the LS4 and LS6 series of Schneider company are scanned and largely all in pdf format so can be sent simple to the gliders owners and to the service workshops. ", "DG Flugzeugbau is a parallel company which provides technical support to owners of gliders of LS4 and LS6 series but it does not have the necessary production tools for the airframe spare parts supply.", "\n\nToday, the AMS Flight is willing to sell the tools of LS4, LS6 and LS9 series gliders, technical and certification documentation including manufacturing technology to an interested buyer.", "\n\nFrom LS4 to LS4-b\n\nLS4 series gliders are models LS4, LS4-a and LS4-b.\n\nGiven the initial continued interest in the type, the LS4-b has been putted back in the production by the AMS Flight. ", "AMS Flight manufactured two LS4-b’s in 2008. ", "Than in the years 2009 and 2010, AMS Flight needed to reorganize itself in the direction of reducing the volume of production and in this process decision was taken to stop the serial production of LS4-b’s.", "\n\nThe LS4 was manufactured by Rolladen-Schneider Flugzeugbau GmbH between 1980 and 2003. ", "The LS4, successor to the LS1 in the Standard Class, made its first flight in 1980. ", "It is the third most produced non-military glider, after the Grunau Baby and the Blanik basic trainers. ", "A total of 1,050 were built until the end of the year 2008.", "\n\nThis type consolidated Rolladen-Schneider's reputation for well rounded sailplanes that are both easy to fly and top performers. ", "It is docile enough for beginners and its performance is only slightly below the later standard class sailplanes. ", "It can be concluded that “LS4/LS4-a/LS4-b” is a real world standard class glider.", "\n\nThe LS4-b introduces next improvements to previous models:\n\nnew results from crash tests became the basis for the design of the safety cockpit\n\nthe landing gear is not only robust but is able to absorb high sink speeds\n\nthe wing shells are made in carbon as well\n\nthe instrument panel tilts up with the canopy\n\nit has an optional tail fin water ballast system\n\nas an option winglets can be fitted to the LS4-b; this modification makes circling even easier – especially at high wing landing\n\nAll those “typical LS” details are the reason that clubs now use the LS4-b universally for all purposes from instruction to cross-country flying and many of the individual pilots flying LS4-b just for joy it as well.", "\n\nFrom LS6 to LS6-18W\n\nLS6 series is a 15 meter and 18 meter single-seat flapped glider manufactured by Rolladen-Schneider Flugzeugbau GmbH between 1984 and 2003.", "\n\nThe prototype of the LS6, successor to the LS3, made its first flight in 1983. ", "Having entered production one year later, the LS6 had as well an uncommonly long production run into 2003. ", "A total of 375 of all versions were built.", "\n\nA watershed design, the LS6 introduced carbon reinforced plastic as a structural material in LS-gliders, thin profiles for wings and empennage, wing extensions and other features that have been retained in all subsequent types developed by the company. ", "The resilience of the design is well illustrated by the fact that the LS8 is essentially a 'standardized' LS6. ", "The Akaflieg Darmstadt D41, the LS9 and the Akaflieg Köln LS11, all have wings built in the LS6 moulds base. ", "LS10 wing is very similar to the wing of LS6.", "\n\nBettering the record of the LS4 in the Standard Class, the LS6 dominated the 15 meter Class FAI over nearly a decade, winning the first two places at the 1985 World Gliding Championship at Rieti in Italy, the first three places at the 1987 Worlds at Banalla in Australia, the first four places in the 1991 World Championships at Uvalde in the United States and the first two places in the 1993 World Championships at Borlänge in Sweden.", "\n\nThe type consolidated Rolladen-Schneider's reputation for well rounded, easy to fly gliders that do well in any conditions, being known for its superb handling, tolerance of piloting technique and environment (turbulence, rain, contamination by insects) as well as for good glide ratios over a wide speed range.", "\n\nThe LS6 is succeeded by the LS10.", "\n\nVariants of LS6 series are:\n\nLS6\n\nLS6-a - with a new construction for the elevator employing an aramid / corrugated paper sandwich, and a modified ballasting system, namely larger water ballast bags and an optional tank in the vertical fin for center of gravity corrections.", "\n\nLS6-b - (1987) introduced a lighter and stronger construction for the wing shells employing a glass, foam and carbon sandwich. ", "A ballast system with independent valves in each wing was offered as an option. ", "The LS6-b and all subsequent versions reverted to the original carbon / aramid elevator.", "\n\nLS6-c - major redesign, the most important novelty being the interchangeable wing tips allowing a span extension to 17.5 meter. ", "This longer span required a larger rudder, increasing the overall length by eighteen centimeter. ", "Concurrently, the cockpit was reinforced for increased crash safety and the allowable weight of non-lifting parts was increased. ", "At the same time the control and ballast systems were brought up to a new standard shared with the Ls7: fully automatic control hook-ups, a mass-balanced flaperon drive system (previous versions having anti-flutter dampers), airbrake locks relocated in the wings, a trigger-activated trim system in place of the trim wheel, a new ballast system that did away with plumbing inside the fuselage and Mylar seals for all control surfaces.", "\n\nLS6-c18 - reduction in ballast capacity to 100 liter to accommodate the 18 meter wing extensions with winglets and an increase in maximum speed up to 280 km/h.\n\nLS6-18w - further convergence with the LS8 winglets for the 15 meter span and stronger spars allowing an increase in ballast capacity to 140 liter.", "\n\nManuals LS4\n\nTech. ", "documentation\n\nTech. ", "data\n\nManuals LS6\n\nCertificates\n\nSpecial offer\n\nInstrument panel DG-300, DG-303, DG-600, DG-800\n\nThe instrument panel is suitable for installation in several models of DG series gliders DG: DG-300, DG-600 and DG-800S (till the serial number 8-88)." ]

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[ " NUMBER 13-10-00465-CV\n\n COURT OF APPEALS\n\n THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS\n\n CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG\n____________________________________________________________\n\nRELIANCE TRUST COMPANY, APPELLANT,\n\n v.\n\nJOSE LUIS CRUZ, ET AL., ", " APPELLEES.", "\n____________________________________________________________\n\n On Appeal from the 206th District Court\n of Hidalgo County, Texas.", "\n____________________________________________________________\n\n MEMORANDUM OPINION\n Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Rodriguez and Vela\n Memorandum Opinion Per Curiam\n\n Appellant perfected an appeal from a judgment entered by the 206th District Court\n\nof Hidalgo County, Texas, in cause number C-2882-07-D. Appellant has filed an\n\nunopposed motion to dismiss the appeal on grounds that appellant no longer wishes to\n\nprosecute the appeal. ", "Appellant requests that this Court dismiss the appeal.", "\n\f The Court, having considered the documents on file and appellant=s unopposed\n\nmotion to dismiss the appeal, is of the opinion that the motion should be granted. ", "See\n\nTEX. ", "R. APP. ", "P. 42.1(a). ", "Appellant=s motion to dismiss is granted, and the appeal is\n\nhereby DISMISSED. ", "In accordance with the agreement of the parties, costs are taxed\n\nagainst the party incurring same. ", "See TEX. ", "R. APP. ", "P. 42.1(d) (\"Absent agreement of the\n\nparties, the court will tax costs against the appellant.\"). ", "Having dismissed the appeal at\n\nappellant's request, no motion for rehearing will be entertained, and our mandate will\n\nissue forthwith.", "\n\n\n\n PER CURIAM\n\nDelivered and filed the\n21st day of October, 2010.", "\n\n\n\n\n 2\n\f" ]

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[ "StarSeries S6 - One of the Most Hyped Events of 2018\n\nOct 4, 2018\n\nStarSeries S6 is shaping up to be one of the most special and unique events of 2018. ", "In many ways, the hype and storylines for this tournament are almost more abundant, pressing and compelling than those crafted at the major. ", "This is, counter-intuitively, due to the lack of elite teams across the field. ", "With a $300k prize pool, surprisingly, there is no Astralis, FaZe, Na`Vi, Liquid or even MIBR present. ", "The major and its subsequent tournaments in ESL One New York 2018 and BLAST Istanbul have forced the finely tuned systems of CS:GO’s most dominate to rest and re-adjust. ", "Unlike in seasons where we would see sides blitz at an opportunity for a $125k first place prize, many of the top dogs are favouring rest and time-off in the wake of Astralis’s success with such an approach. ", "This is just the beginning of teams becoming more conscious and active in taking time off.", "\n\nFor the viewers, this represents a huge series of wins. ", "First and foremost, with breaks in their high-pressure gauntlet of games, we’ll likely see increased longevity in line-ups and level of overall play, and variance in this play. ", "Cloud9 won the Boston major, then immediately launched into full seasonal play without break, competing in 2-3 large international LANs a month until their roster fractured beyond repair. ", "The North Americans never came themselves a chance to recoup or pivot and set themselves up to explode. ", "Whether or not the roster moves that happened would’ve happened regardless is besides the point. ", "Undoubtedly though, they suffered a series of damaging upsets in quick succession because of their inability to evolve and ready availability of demos.", "\n\nIn contrast, Astralis won the Major, participated soon-after at the one-day, more novel BLAST Istanbul, and will now take a full month long break. ", "They will not be at StarSeries S6, or EPICENTRE at the end of the month and will give themselves, and importantly other teams, a chance to breathe.", "\n\nThe integral flip-side to top teams taking rest, and where it ties back into StarSeries S6 is not only will we see better play in the long-term from the top teams themselves, but will also give more of a platform to the contenders below. ", "In the absence of apex predators, we will see - just as we are at StarSeries - a far wider set of teams and talent at a scale they aren’t normally given an opportunity to compete at. ", "This will as a result, make those lower tiered teams better, putting more pressure on the top sides to evolve, driving the overall level of play and making for a far healthier competitive ecosystem.", "\n\nAt StarSeries S6 specifically, the number of rich, dense narratives is overwhelming. ", "In the wake of the major which saw many of these teams like Complexity, Tyloo, Vega, BIG and Hellraisers perform at an above-average level, StarSeries is their chance at validation. ", "With a Bo3 Swiss group, there is little in way of excuses for poor performances, and if a Complexity really is at that bottom of the top ten level, then StarSeries is a seminal chance to prove it.", "\n\nThis importance will be amplified more-so for Mousesports who will be one of the few teams not taking the rest-focussed approach of other top sides, looking to roll straight from Stockholm, to London, to New York and now to Kiev. ", "They are, in-theory, the highest ranked team at the event and given their incredible win in New York over Liquid in a full Bo5, the ‘favourites’ to win. ", "With a storm of rumours circling their roster, a lack of time to shift style, and potential over-reliance on individual form, their position may only serve as one to be subverted.", "\n\nIn-attendance will also be the new-look roster of Renegades decked-out with the hot domestic talents of Gratisfaction and Liazz. ", "They will be looking to trial the two regional superstars on a big stage in likely more gruelling Bo3 group play than they’ve ever before seen. ", "Similarly, North will be trialing their two new acquisitions in gade and Cadian, both attempting to hurriedly integrate and structure the ever volatile North core. ", "While the majority of their Stockholm-winning roster remains in-tact, their style and in-game operations could look totally different with cadian at the helm. ", "This represents the first time the likes of Kjaerbye, valde, and aizy - elite Danish riflers - have ever been under the command of a hungry, untested and ‘fresh’ IGL in cadian. ", "They to, will either be looking forward to a honeymoon period or humbling learning experience in Kiev.", "\n\nThese aforementioned sides just begin to scratch at the surface of StarSeries’s team narratives, and are all foregrounded with the intensely low differential of overall skill on-paper. ", "Many teams are unknown quantities on LAN and the Bo3 Swiss format will really seperate those that are on the rise and international contenders from the online specialist in-attendance. ", "This filtering dynamic of a usually volatile, random bracket of play is invaluable for building a more stable ecosystem, giving experience to those that need it the most and creating a reference point for future endeavours. ", "It also serves as a nice contrast to the usual participants who however elite they may be, also lack the novelty of a new side and can sometimes constrain curiosity for the more casual fan.", "\n\nAll of this makes StarSeries S6 one of the most hyped events of the year. ", "We get to see a field of teams run amok in an excellent system and without the parents being home to stop them. ", "While we obviously want elite teams at as many events as possible, StarSeries S6 seems to be a more realised variation of the popular Dreamhack opens, making for a more diverse, entertaining and healthy competitive system of play.", "\n\nAll characters and artwork shown are for parody and remain the property of their respective copyright owners.", "\n\nRivalry Limited, is regulated by the Isle of Man Gambling Supervision Commission under a Licence issued under the Online Gambling Regulations Act 2001 on 2018/01/19. ", "Rivalry Limited -\nClinch's House, Lord Street, Douglas, Isle of Man, IM99 1RZ - 131470C.\nAll debts are enforceable in Law on the Isle of Man. ", "Rivalry Limited strictly prohibits access and services to those under the legal age of Eighteen (18)." ]

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[ "Coleophora amasicola\n\nColeophora amasicola is a moth of the family Coleophoridae that is endemic to Turkey.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\namasicola\nCategory:Endemic fauna of Turkey\nCategory:Moths described in 1942\nCategory:Moths of Turkey" ]

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[ "Two documentaries released this month examine Roy Marcus Cohn, the notorious lawyer and political fixer who first made headlines working for communist-hunting Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy in the 1950s: Matt Tyrnauer’s “Where’s My Roy Cohn?” ", "and Ivy Meeropol’s “Bully. ", "Victim. ", "Coward. ", "The Story of Roy Cohn.”", "\n\nWhile Cohn had no children, the films feature interviews with the last family members alive who knew him — including me. ", "My father — Cohn’s first cousin — refused to talk to Cohn. ", "But while studying history at Brown University, I interviewed Cohn about the 1954 Army-McCarthy hearings (which explored whether the U.S. Army was pressured to give preferential treatment to a former McCarthy aide and friend of Cohn’s).", "\n\nWe met regularly during the following decade as I started my career in journalism and I found him both repulsive and fascinating. ", "Then, in what turned out to be Cohn’s final year of life, I shadowed him for a Vanity Fair story published in 1987.", "\n\nAlso Read: 'Where's My Roy Cohn?' ", "Director Explains How McCarthy's Counsel and Trump Are 'Cut From the Same Cloth' (Video)\n\nCohn is increasingly mentioned because his shadow looms over the Oval Office. ", "Here are five things you might not know about him:\n\n1. ", "Cohn had an outsize influence on American history for more than 30 years.", "\n\nHe started as a prosecutor of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg in the early 1950s; he then became chief counsel to McCarthy, who led witch hunts against people suspected of being Communists; in 1973, Cohn met Donald Trump and began grooming him to become a national figure; President Reagan welcomed him to the White House in the 1980s after he became one of the first people on the East Coast to line up big donors for Reagan’s campaign.", "\n\nCohn advised everyone from Catholic archbishops to Mafia clients like Anthony “Fat Tony” Salerno and Gambino family boss Paul Castellano. ", "Cohn helped an upstart Australian publisher named Rupert Murdoch connect with American power brokers. ", "It’s impossible to imagine anyone today with so much influence for so long in the law, the media, the Mob, the Church, plus Democratic and Republican politics.", "\n\n2. ", "Cohn made headlines going after “homosexuals” and “perverts” in the federal government — but around his friends, he made no secret of being gay.", "\n\nTyrnauer makes clear that Cohn brought male lovers to Republican events, and no one uttered a word. ", "Even a 1986 “60 Minutes” segment danced around the question of whether he was gay. ", "This is unimaginable now, with dozens of publications and websites vying to out a homophobic, closeted gay person.", "\n\nInterviewing Cohn in 1985, I asked about persistent rumors that he had AIDS. “", "It’s a smear campaign,” he said. ", "Then his thin lips pursed in a smile and he fixed his pale blue eyes on me. “", "Of course,” he added, “I have been a high-risk candidate.” (", "In fact, he did die the following year of AIDS-related complications, at age 59.)", "\n\nAlso Read: 'Where's My Roy Cohn?' ", "Film Review: A Timely Doc About Lawyer, Power Broker and Trump Mentor\n\n3. ", "Cohn was influenced by two very different women.", "\n\nMy relatives couldn’t stand Roy’s overbearing mother, Dora Marcus Cohn. ", "She was the original helicopter parent — long before anyone knew that term — fussing over her only son’s grades, appearance and relationships. ", "When Dora and her husband had dinner guests, princeling Roy sat at the table and held forth, even at age 7. ", "When Roy went to sleepaway camp, Dora rented a room down the road. ", "He lived with his mother until she died, when he was 40.", "\n\nThat’s when her sister — my grandmother, Libby Marcus — stepped in as Cohn’s maternal influence. ", "His beloved Aunt Libby was an extrovert who was ahead of her time: She didn’t judge his sexuality. ", "Also, she believed that family came first, even if a relative had abhorrent political views. ", "She hobnobbed at Cohn’s parties — chatting up Andy Warhol, Norman Mailer, George Steinbrenner and, of course, young Donald Trump.", "\n\n4. ", "A family tragedy motivated Cohn.", "\n\nMy grandfather Bernard Marcus — Roy’s uncle — was president of a bank that expanded across New York City in the 1920s. ", "He was a philanthropist, but couldn’t get respect from the city’s WASP upper crust. ", "Bank of United States, as it was called, imploded in the Panic of 1930. ", "Other bankers wouldn’t help the Jewish executive, and he became the scapegoat for the financial turmoil. ", "He was sentenced to Sing Sing, the only banker who went to prison over the financial collapse. ", "As an elementary school kid, Cohn visited his Uncle Bernie in Sing Sing: That left Cohn determined to beat the Establishment.", "\n\nAlso Read: Politico Takes Heat for Blaming Roy Cohn's Death by AIDS on His 'Decadent Homosexual Lifestyle'\n\n5. ", "Cohn’s descendants have an eerie connection with director Ivy Meeropol.", "\n\nWhen I met Ivy, I felt chills. ", "I grew up hearing about my grandfather wrongly being sent to Sing Sing. ", "Meanwhile, Ivy grew up hearing that Roy Cohn was responsible for a tragedy in her own family. ", "He used every method available — legal, extralegal and illegal — to prosecute her grandparents, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, for espionage.", "\n\nThe evidence indicated that Ethel was, at most, a bit player in a plot to provide top-secret U.S. military information to the Soviet Union — and she was the mother of two little boys. ", "My vile, vicious, malicious cousin didn’t care. ", "Both of Ivy’s grandparents went to the electric chair. ", "In Sing Sing." ]

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[ "200 F.3d 1177 (8th Cir. ", "2000)\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,V.BARBARA LYNN LEWIS, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT\nNo. ", "99-1882\nUNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT\nSubmitted: November 16, 1999Filed: January 31, 2000\n\nAppeal from the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota.", "\nBefore Wollman, Chief Judge, Lay and Bowman, Circuit Judges.", "\n\nPer Curiam\n\n1\nAn indictment was filed against Barbara Lynn Lewis (\"Lewis\") on October 7, 1998, charging her with two counts of harboring an illegal alien and one count of conspiracy to do the same. ", "Lewis entered a guilty plea on all three counts. ", "The district court sentenced Lewis to 120 months, comprised of consecutive sentences of forty-six months, thirty-seven months, and thirty-seven months.1 On appeal, Lewis argues that the sentencing court erred in four ways: first, by imposing consecutive rather than concurrent sentences; second, by refusing a three-point reduction for the crimes being \"other than for profit\"; third, by upwardly adjusting for restraint of victim; and fourth, by double-counting conduct when calculating the sentence. ", "For the following reasons, we vacate the sentence and remand for resentencing.", "\n\n\n2\nFactual findings made at sentencing are reviewed for clear error. ", "See United States v. Alaniz, 148 F.3d 929, 937 (8th Cir.), ", "cert. ", "denied, 119 S. Ct. ", "604 (1998); United States v. Kime, 99 F.3d 870, 885 (8th Cir. ", "1996); United States v. KRCIC, 186 F.3d 178, 181 (2d Cir. ", "1999). ", "In its detailed March 23, 1999, Sentencing Memorandum and Order, the district court made findings noting the egregious facts in this case and providing its interpretation of the United States Sentencing Guidelines Manual (\"U.S.S.G.\" or \"Guidelines\"), specifically its denial of a three-point \"other than for profit\" reduction pursuant to § 2L1.1(b)(1) and its imposition of an upward adjustment for restraint of victim under § 3A1.3. ", "This court has carefully reviewed the record and the district court's findings and we find no clear error in either of these determinations.", "\n\n\n3\nLewis' challenge to imposition of consecutive sentences, however, implicates the application of the Guidelines and we review such application de novo. ", "See United States v. O'Kane, 155 F.3d 969, 971 (8th Cir. ", "1998). ", "The Guidelines detail a methodology a court must follow when sentencing a defendant. ", "See U.S.S.G. § 1B1.1 (1995). ", "The first step in the process is to determine the applicable offense guideline for the convictions. ", "Step two is to determine the base offense level for each count according to that applicable guideline. ", "Step three is to apply adjustments to each base offense level and calculate adjusted base offense levels. ", "After steps one through three have been applied to each count of conviction, a sentencing court turns to step four, § 3D, which governs the process for multiple count cases.", "\n\n\n4\nCritical to this appeal is U.S.S.G. § 3D which outlines a process for determining a single offense level to encompass multiple counts. ", "Section 3D1.1(a) provides that \"[w]hen a defendant is convicted of more than one count, the court shall: (1) Group the counts resulting in conviction into distinct Groups of Closely Related Counts (\"Groups\") by applying the rules specified in § 3D1.2.\" ", "Id. at § 3D1.1(a)(1) (emphasis added). ", "Section 3D1.2 states that \"[a]ll counts involving substantially the same harm shall be grouped together into a single Group.\" ", "Id. at § 3D1.2 (emphasis added). ", "Offenses involve \"substantially the same harm\" if they \"involve the same victim and two or more acts or transactions connected by a common criminal objective or constituting part of a common scheme or plan.\" ", "Id. at § 3D1.2(b).", "\n\n\n5\nWe find the three counts in this case involve \"substantially the same harm\" because all three involve the same victim, Robert Lee Warner (\"Warner\"), substantially the same time frame, 1994 through 1997, and the same conduct, the concealment and harboring of Warner in South Dakota. ", "Consequently, pursuant to the Guidelines the three counts should have been grouped.", "\n\n\n6\nWhile the district court provided a detailed explanation of its findings and conclusions in its Sentencing Memorandum and Order, it did not address the issue of grouping. ", "It is clear, however, that the district court did not group and instead treated each offense discretely. ", "This failure to group the offenses was a fundamental error by the district court, consequently, Lewis' sentence in this case must be set aside and the case remanded for resentencing.", "\n\n\n7\nDue to this initial error and because Lewis' remaining claims relate to departures that occur post-grouping when properly calculating a sentence, we do not reach the remaining claims.", "\n\n\n8\nThe government argues that Lewis will receive the same ten year sentence regardless of grouping and thus, the sentence should be affirmed. ", "Despite the possibility that the district court may impose the same sentence after recalculation, the Guidelines prescribe the proper process for sentencing and we must adhere to that process and follow the directives of both Congress and the Sentencing Commission.", "\n\n\n9\nFurthermore, there is the possibility that the sentence may change upon recalculation, in part, because a number of the challenges raised in this appeal may be resolved by that recalculation. ", "For example, Lewis argues that the district court improperly used the same conduct to both upwardly adjust the sentence under § 3A1.2 and to depart under §§ 5K2.4 and 5K2.8. ", "While we express no opinion regarding these challenges, any double-counting issue may not survive resentencing. ", "Consequently, it would be inefficient for this court to determine what alternative sentences might result following proper grouping.", "\n\n\n10\nWhile it is unclear what specific effect the failure to group may have had on the sentence imposed in this case, it is clear that proper grouping could affect Lewis' sentence. ", "Under the circumstances, we vacate the sentence and direct the district court to calculate the sentence anew, consistent with this decision and proper grouping under the Guidelines.", "\n\n\n\nNOTE:\n\n\n1\n The district court applied the 1995 U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual pursuant to the probation officer's recommendation that the more current version would create an ex post facto problem. ", "Neither party challenges this application.", "\n\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.", "\n// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html\n/*\n**********************************************************************\n* Copyright (c) 2002-2014, International Business Machines Corporation\n* and others. ", " All Rights Reserved.", "\n**********************************************************************\n* Date Name Description\n* 01/14/2002 aliu Creation.", "\n**********************************************************************\n*/\n\n#include \"unicode/utypes.h\"\n\n#if !", "UCONFIG_NO_TRANSLITERATION\n\n#include \"tridpars.h\"\n#include \"hash.h\"\n#include \"mutex.h\"\n#include \"transreg.h\"\n#include \"uassert.h\"\n#include \"ucln_in.h\"\n#include \"unicode/parsepos.h\"\n#include \"unicode/translit.h\"\n#include \"unicode/uchar.h\"\n#include \"unicode/uniset.h\"\n#include \"unicode/unistr.h\"\n#include \"unicode/utrans.h\"\n#include \"util.h\"\n#include \"uvector.h\"\n\nU_NAMESPACE_BEGIN\n\nstatic const UChar ID_DELIM = 0x003B; // ;\nstatic const UChar TARGET_SEP = 0x002D; // -\nstatic const UChar VARIANT_SEP = 0x002F; // /\nstatic const UChar OPEN_REV = 0x0028; // (\nstatic const UChar CLOSE_REV = 0x0029; // )\n\n//static const UChar EMPTY[] = {0}; // \"\"\nstatic const UChar ANY[] = {65,110,121,0}; // \"Any\"\nstatic const UChar ANY_NULL[] = {65,110,121,45,78,117,108,108,0}; // \"Any-Null\"\n\nstatic const int32_t FORWARD = UTRANS_FORWARD;\nstatic const int32_t REVERSE = UTRANS_REVERSE;\n\nstatic Hashtable* SPECIAL_INVERSES = NULL;\nstatic UInitOnce gSpecialInversesInitOnce = U_INITONCE_INITIALIZER;\n\n/**\n * The mutex controlling access to SPECIAL_INVERSES\n */\nstatic UMutex LOCK = U_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;\n\nTransliteratorIDParser::Specs::Specs(const UnicodeString& s, const UnicodeString& t,\n const UnicodeString& v, UBool sawS,\n const UnicodeString& f) {\n source = s;\n target = t;\n variant = v;\n sawSource = sawS;\n filter = f;\n}\n\nTransliteratorIDParser::SingleID::SingleID(const UnicodeString& c, const UnicodeString& b,\n const UnicodeString& f) {\n canonID = c;\n basicID = b;\n filter = f;\n}\n\nTransliteratorIDParser::SingleID::SingleID(const UnicodeString& c, const UnicodeString& b) {\n canonID = c;\n basicID = b;\n}\n\nTransliterator* TransliteratorIDParser::SingleID::createInstance() {\n Transliterator* t;\n if (basicID.length() == 0) {\n t = createBasicInstance(UnicodeString(TRUE, ANY_NULL, 8), &canonID);\n } else {\n t = createBasicInstance(basicID, &canonID);\n }\n if (t !", "= NULL) {\n if (filter.length() !", "= 0) {\n UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;\n UnicodeSet *set = new UnicodeSet(filter, ec);\n if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {\n delete set;\n } else {\n t->adoptFilter(set);\n }\n }\n }\n return t;\n}\n\n\n/**\n * Parse a single ID, that is, an ID of the general form\n * \"[f1] s1-t1/v1 ([f2] s2-t3/v2)\", with the parenthesized element\n * optional, the filters optional, and the variants optional.", "\n * @param id the id to be parsed\n * @param pos INPUT-OUTPUT parameter. ", " On input, the position of\n * the first character to parse. ", " On output, the position after\n * the last character parsed.", "\n * @param dir the direction. ", " If the direction is REVERSE then the\n * SingleID is constructed for the reverse direction.", "\n * @return a SingleID object or NULL\n */\nTransliteratorIDParser::SingleID*\nTransliteratorIDParser::parseSingleID(const UnicodeString& id, int32_t& pos,\n int32_t dir, UErrorCode& status) {\n\n int32_t start = pos;\n\n // The ID will be of the form A, A(), A(B), or (B), where\n // A and B are filter IDs.", "\n Specs* specsA = NULL;\n Specs* specsB = NULL;\n UBool sawParen = FALSE;\n\n // On the first pass, look for (B) or (). ", " If this fails, then\n // on the second pass, look for A, A(B), or A().", "\n for (int32_t pass=1; pass<=2; ++pass) {\n if (pass == 2) {\n specsA = parseFilterID(id, pos, TRUE);\n if (specsA == NULL) {\n pos = start;\n return NULL;\n }\n }\n if (ICU_Utility::parseChar(id, pos, OPEN_REV)) {\n sawParen = TRUE;\n if (!", "ICU_Utility::parseChar(id, pos, CLOSE_REV)) {\n specsB = parseFilterID(id, pos, TRUE);\n // Must close with a ')'\n if (specsB == NULL || !", "ICU_Utility::parseChar(id, pos, CLOSE_REV)) {\n delete specsA;\n pos = start;\n return NULL;\n }\n }\n break;\n }\n }\n\n // Assemble return results\n SingleID* single;\n if (sawParen) {\n if (dir == FORWARD) {\n SingleID* b = specsToID(specsB, FORWARD);\n single = specsToID(specsA, FORWARD);\n // Null pointers check\n if (b == NULL || single == NULL) {\n\t\tdelete b;\n\t\tdelete single;\n\t\tstatus = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;\n\t\treturn NULL;\n }\n single->canonID.append(OPEN_REV)\n .append(b->canonID).append(CLOSE_REV);\n if (specsA !", "= NULL) {\n single->filter = specsA->filter;\n }\n delete b;\n } else {\n SingleID* a = specsToID(specsA, FORWARD);\n single = specsToID(specsB, FORWARD);\n // Check for null pointer.", "\n if (a == NULL || single == NULL) {\n\t\tdelete a;\n\t\tdelete single;\n\t\tstatus = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;\n\t\treturn NULL;\n }\n single->canonID.append(OPEN_REV)\n .append(a->canonID).append(CLOSE_REV);\n if (specsB !", "= NULL) {\n single->filter = specsB->filter;\n }\n delete a;\n }\n } else {\n // assert(specsA !", "= NULL);\n if (dir == FORWARD) {\n single = specsToID(specsA, FORWARD);\n } else {\n single = specsToSpecialInverse(*specsA, status);\n if (single == NULL) {\n single = specsToID(specsA, REVERSE);\n }\n }\n // Check for NULL pointer\n if (single == NULL) {\n\t\tstatus = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;\n\t\treturn NULL;\n }\n single->filter = specsA->filter;\n }\n\n delete specsA;\n delete specsB;\n\n return single;\n}\n\n/**\n * Parse a filter ID, that is, an ID of the general form\n * \"[f1] s1-t1/v1\", with the filters optional, and the variants optional.", "\n * @param id the id to be parsed\n * @param pos INPUT-OUTPUT parameter. ", " On input, the position of\n * the first character to parse. ", " On output, the position after\n * the last character parsed.", "\n * @return a SingleID object or null if the parse fails\n */\nTransliteratorIDParser::SingleID*\nTransliteratorIDParser::parseFilterID(const UnicodeString& id, int32_t& pos) {\n\n int32_t start = pos;\n\n Specs* specs = parseFilterID(id, pos, TRUE);\n if (specs == NULL) {\n pos = start;\n return NULL;\n }\n\n // Assemble return results\n SingleID* single = specsToID(specs, FORWARD);\n if (single !", "= NULL) {\n single->filter = specs->filter;\n }\n delete specs;\n return single;\n}\n\n/**\n * Parse a global filter of the form \"[f]\" or \"([f])\", depending\n * on 'withParens'.", "\n * @param id the pattern the parse\n * @param pos INPUT-OUTPUT parameter. ", " On input, the position of\n * the first character to parse. ", " On output, the position after\n * the last character parsed.", "\n * @param dir the direction.", "\n * @param withParens INPUT-OUTPUT parameter. ", " On entry, if\n * withParens is 0, then parens are disallowed. ", " If it is 1,\n * then parens are requires. ", " If it is -1, then parens are\n * optional, and the return result will be set to 0 or 1.", "\n * @param canonID OUTPUT parameter. ", " The pattern for the filter\n * added to the canonID, either at the end, if dir is FORWARD, or\n * at the start, if dir is REVERSE. ", " The pattern will be enclosed\n * in parentheses if appropriate, and will be suffixed with an\n * ID_DELIM character. ", " May be NULL.", "\n * @return a UnicodeSet object or NULL. ", " A non-NULL results\n * indicates a successful parse, regardless of whether the filter\n * applies to the given direction. ", " The caller should discard it\n * if withParens !", "= (dir == REVERSE).", "\n */\nUnicodeSet* TransliteratorIDParser::parseGlobalFilter(const UnicodeString& id, int32_t& pos,\n int32_t dir,\n int32_t& withParens,\n UnicodeString* canonID) {\n UnicodeSet* filter = NULL;\n int32_t start = pos;\n\n if (withParens == -1) {\n withParens = ICU_Utility::parseChar(id, pos, OPEN_REV) ? ", "1 : 0;\n } else if (withParens == 1) {\n if (!", "ICU_Utility::parseChar(id, pos, OPEN_REV)) {\n pos = start;\n return NULL;\n }\n }\n\n ICU_Utility::skipWhitespace(id, pos, TRUE);\n\n if (UnicodeSet::resemblesPattern(id, pos)) {\n ParsePosition ppos(pos);\n UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;\n filter = new UnicodeSet(id, ppos, USET_IGNORE_SPACE, NULL, ec);\n /* test for NULL */\n if (filter == 0) {\n pos = start;\n return 0;\n }\n if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {\n delete filter;\n pos = start;\n return NULL;\n }\n\n UnicodeString pattern;\n id.extractBetween(pos, ppos.getIndex(), pattern);\n pos = ppos.getIndex();\n\n if (withParens == 1 && !", "ICU_Utility::parseChar(id, pos, CLOSE_REV)) {\n pos = start;\n return NULL;\n }\n\n // In the forward direction, append the pattern to the\n // canonID. ", " In the reverse, insert it at zero, and invert\n // the presence of parens (\"A\" <-> \"(A)\").", "\n if (canonID !", "= NULL) {\n if (dir == FORWARD) {\n if (withParens == 1) {\n pattern.insert(0, OPEN_REV);\n pattern.append(CLOSE_REV);\n }\n canonID->append(pattern).append(ID_DELIM);\n } else {\n if (withParens == 0) {\n pattern.insert(0, OPEN_REV);\n pattern.append(CLOSE_REV);\n }\n canonID->insert(0, pattern);\n canonID->insert(pattern.length(), ID_DELIM);\n }\n }\n }\n\n return filter;\n}\n\nU_CDECL_BEGIN\nstatic void U_CALLCONV _deleteSingleID(void* obj) {\n delete (TransliteratorIDParser::SingleID*) obj;\n}\n\nstatic void U_CALLCONV _deleteTransliteratorTrIDPars(void* obj) {\n delete (Transliterator*) obj;\n}\nU_CDECL_END\n\n/**\n * Parse a compound ID, consisting of an optional forward global\n * filter, a separator, one or more single IDs delimited by\n * separators, an an optional reverse global filter. ", " The\n * separator is a semicolon. ", " The global filters are UnicodeSet\n * patterns. ", " The reverse global filter must be enclosed in\n * parentheses.", "\n * @param id the pattern the parse\n * @param dir the direction.", "\n * @param canonID OUTPUT parameter that receives the canonical ID,\n * consisting of canonical IDs for all elements, as returned by\n * parseSingleID(), separated by semicolons. ", " Previous contents\n * are discarded.", "\n * @param list OUTPUT parameter that receives a list of SingleID\n * objects representing the parsed IDs. ", " Previous contents are\n * discarded.", "\n * @param globalFilter OUTPUT parameter that receives a pointer to\n * a newly created global filter for this ID in this direction, or\n * NULL if there is none.", "\n * @return TRUE if the parse succeeds, that is, if the entire\n * id is consumed without syntax error.", "\n */\nUBool TransliteratorIDParser::parseCompoundID(const UnicodeString& id, int32_t dir,\n UnicodeString& canonID,\n UVector& list,\n UnicodeSet*& globalFilter) {\n UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;\n int32_t i;\n int32_t pos = 0;\n int32_t withParens = 1;\n list.removeAllElements();\n UnicodeSet* filter;\n globalFilter = NULL;\n canonID.truncate(0);\n\n // Parse leading global filter, if any\n withParens = 0; // parens disallowed\n filter = parseGlobalFilter(id, pos, dir, withParens, &canonID);\n if (filter !", "= NULL) {\n if (!", "ICU_Utility::parseChar(id, pos, ID_DELIM)) {\n // Not a global filter; backup and resume\n canonID.truncate(0);\n pos = 0;\n }\n if (dir == FORWARD) {\n globalFilter = filter;\n } else {\n delete filter;\n }\n filter = NULL;\n }\n\n UBool sawDelimiter = TRUE;\n for (;;) {\n SingleID* single = parseSingleID(id, pos, dir, ec);\n if (single == NULL) {\n break;\n }\n if (dir == FORWARD) {\n list.addElement(single, ec);\n } else {\n list.insertElementAt(single, 0, ec);\n }\n if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {\n goto FAIL;\n }\n if (!", "ICU_Utility::parseChar(id, pos, ID_DELIM)) {\n sawDelimiter = FALSE;\n break;\n }\n }\n\n if (list.size() == 0) {\n goto FAIL;\n }\n\n // Construct canonical ID\n for (i=0; i<list.size(); ++i) {\n SingleID* single = (SingleID*) list.elementAt(i);\n canonID.append(single->canonID);\n if (i !", "= (list.size()-1)) {\n canonID.append(ID_DELIM);\n }\n }\n\n // Parse trailing global filter, if any, and only if we saw\n // a trailing delimiter after the IDs.", "\n if (sawDelimiter) {\n withParens = 1; // parens required\n filter = parseGlobalFilter(id, pos, dir, withParens, &canonID);\n if (filter !", "= NULL) {\n // Don't require trailing ';', but parse it if present\n ICU_Utility::parseChar(id, pos, ID_DELIM);\n\n if (dir == REVERSE) {\n globalFilter = filter;\n } else {\n delete filter;\n }\n filter = NULL;\n }\n }\n\n // Trailing unparsed text is a syntax error\n ICU_Utility::skipWhitespace(id, pos, TRUE);\n if (pos !", "= id.length()) {\n goto FAIL;\n }\n\n return TRUE;\n\n FAIL:\n UObjectDeleter *save = list.setDeleter(_deleteSingleID);\n list.removeAllElements();\n list.setDeleter(save);\n delete globalFilter;\n globalFilter = NULL;\n return FALSE;\n}\n\n/**\n * Convert the elements of the 'list' vector, which are SingleID\n * objects, into actual Transliterator objects. ", " In the course of\n * this, some (or all) entries may be removed. ", " If all entries\n * are removed, the NULL transliterator will be added.", "\n *\n * Delete entries with empty basicIDs; these are generated by\n * elements like \"(A)\" in the forward direction, or \"A()\" in\n * the reverse. ", " THIS MAY RESULT IN AN EMPTY VECTOR. ", " Convert\n * SingleID entries to actual transliterators.", "\n *\n * @param list vector of SingleID objects. ", " On exit, vector\n * of one or more Transliterators.", "\n * @return new value of insertIndex. ", " The index will shift if\n * there are empty items, like \"(Lower)\", with indices less than\n * insertIndex.", "\n */\nvoid TransliteratorIDParser::instantiateList(UVector& list,\n UErrorCode& ec) {\n UVector tlist(ec);\n if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {\n goto RETURN;\n }\n tlist.setDeleter(_deleteTransliteratorTrIDPars);\n\n Transliterator* t;\n int32_t i;\n for (i=0; i<=list.size(); ++i) { // [sic]: i<=list.size()\n // We run the loop too long by one, so we can\n // do an insert after the last element\n if (i==list.size()) {\n break;\n }\n\n SingleID* single = (SingleID*) list.elementAt(i);\n if (single->basicID.length() !", "= 0) {\n t = single->createInstance();\n if (t == NULL) {\n ec = U_INVALID_ID;\n goto RETURN;\n }\n tlist.addElement(t, ec);\n if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {\n delete t;\n goto RETURN;\n }\n }\n }\n\n // An empty list is equivalent to a NULL transliterator.", "\n if (tlist.size() == 0) {\n t = createBasicInstance(UnicodeString(TRUE, ANY_NULL, 8), NULL);\n if (t == NULL) {\n // Should never happen\n ec = U_INTERNAL_TRANSLITERATOR_ERROR;\n }\n tlist.addElement(t, ec);\n if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {\n delete t;\n }\n }\n\n RETURN:\n\n UObjectDeleter *save = list.setDeleter(_deleteSingleID);\n list.removeAllElements();\n\n if (U_SUCCESS(ec)) {\n list.setDeleter(_deleteTransliteratorTrIDPars);\n\n while (tlist.size() > 0) {\n t = (Transliterator*) tlist.orphanElementAt(0);\n list.addElement(t, ec);\n if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {\n delete t;\n list.removeAllElements();\n break;\n }\n }\n }\n\n list.setDeleter(save);\n}\n\n/**\n * Parse an ID into pieces. ", " Take IDs of the form T, T/V, S-T,\n * S-T/V, or S/V-T. If the source is missing, return a source of\n * ANY.", "\n * @param id the id string, in any of several forms\n * @return an array of 4 strings: source, target, variant, and\n * isSourcePresent. ", " If the source is not present, ANY will be\n * given as the source, and isSourcePresent will be NULL. ", " Otherwise\n * isSourcePresent will be non-NULL. ", " The target may be empty if the\n * id is not well-formed. ", " The variant may be empty.", "\n */\nvoid TransliteratorIDParser::IDtoSTV(const UnicodeString& id,\n UnicodeString& source,\n UnicodeString& target,\n UnicodeString& variant,\n UBool& isSourcePresent) {\n source.setTo(ANY, 3);\n target.truncate(0);\n variant.truncate(0);\n\n int32_t sep = id.indexOf(TARGET_SEP);\n int32_t var = id.indexOf(VARIANT_SEP);\n if (var < 0) {\n var = id.length();\n }\n isSourcePresent = FALSE;\n\n if (sep < 0) {\n // Form: T/V or T (or /V)\n id.extractBetween(0, var, target);\n id.extractBetween(var, id.length(), variant);\n } else if (sep < var) {\n // Form: S-T/V or S-T (or -T/V or -T)\n if (sep > 0) {\n id.extractBetween(0, sep, source);\n isSourcePresent = TRUE;\n }\n id.extractBetween(++sep, var, target);\n id.extractBetween(var, id.length(), variant);\n } else {\n // Form: (S/V-T or /V-T)\n if (var > 0) {\n id.extractBetween(0, var, source);\n isSourcePresent = TRUE;\n }\n id.extractBetween(var, sep++, variant);\n id.extractBetween(sep, id.length(), target);\n }\n\n if (variant.length() > 0) {\n variant.remove(0, 1);\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Given source, target, and variant strings, concatenate them into a\n * full ID. ", " If the source is empty, then \"Any\" will be used for the\n * source, so the ID will always be of the form s-t/v or s-t.\n */\nvoid TransliteratorIDParser::STVtoID(const UnicodeString& source,\n const UnicodeString& target,\n const UnicodeString& variant,\n UnicodeString& id) {\n id = source;\n if (id.length() == 0) {\n id.setTo(ANY, 3);\n }\n id.append(TARGET_SEP).append(target);\n if (variant.length() !", "= 0) {\n id.append(VARIANT_SEP).append(variant);\n }\n // NUL-terminate the ID string for getTerminatedBuffer.", "\n // This prevents valgrind and Purify warnings.", "\n id.append((UChar)0);\n id.truncate(id.length()-1);\n}\n\n/**\n * Register two targets as being inverses of one another. ", " For\n * example, calling registerSpecialInverse(\"NFC\", \"NFD\", TRUE) causes\n * Transliterator to form the following inverse relationships:\n *\n * <pre>NFC => NFD\n * Any-NFC => Any-NFD\n * NFD => NFC\n * Any-NFD => Any-NFC</pre>\n *\n * (Without the special inverse registration, the inverse of NFC\n * would be NFC-Any.) ", " Note that NFD is shorthand for Any-NFD, but\n * that the presence or absence of \"Any-\" is preserved.", "\n *\n * <p>The relationship is symmetrical; registering (a, b) is\n * equivalent to registering (b, a).", "\n *\n * <p>The relevant IDs must still be registered separately as\n * factories or classes.", "\n *\n * <p>Only the targets are specified. ", " Special inverses always\n * have the form Any-Target1 <=> Any-Target2. ", " The target should\n * have canonical casing (the casing desired to be produced when\n * an inverse is formed) and should contain no whitespace or other\n * extraneous characters.", "\n *\n * @param target the target against which to register the inverse\n * @param inverseTarget the inverse of target, that is\n * Any-target.getInverse() => Any-inverseTarget\n * @param bidirectional if TRUE, register the reverse relation\n * as well, that is, Any-inverseTarget.getInverse() => Any-target\n */\nvoid TransliteratorIDParser::registerSpecialInverse(const UnicodeString& target,\n const UnicodeString& inverseTarget,\n UBool bidirectional,\n UErrorCode &status) {\n umtx_initOnce(gSpecialInversesInitOnce, init, status);\n if (U_FAILURE(status)) {\n return;\n }\n\n // If target == inverseTarget then force bidirectional => FALSE\n if (bidirectional && 0==target.caseCompare(inverseTarget, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT)) {\n bidirectional = FALSE;\n }\n\n Mutex lock(&LOCK);\n\n UnicodeString *tempus = new UnicodeString(inverseTarget); // Used for null pointer check before usage.", "\n if (tempus == NULL) {\n\tstatus = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;\n\treturn;\n }\n SPECIAL_INVERSES->put(target, tempus, status);\n if (bidirectional) {\n\ttempus = new UnicodeString(target);\n\tif (tempus == NULL) {\n\t\tstatus = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;\n\t\treturn;\n\t}\n SPECIAL_INVERSES->put(inverseTarget, tempus, status);\n }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------\n// Private implementation\n//----------------------------------------------------------------\n\n/**\n * Parse an ID into component pieces. ", " Take IDs of the form T,\n * T/V, S-T, S-T/V, or S/V-T. If the source is missing, return a\n * source of ANY.", "\n * @param id the id string, in any of several forms\n * @param pos INPUT-OUTPUT parameter. ", " On input, pos is the\n * offset of the first character to parse in id. On output,\n * pos is the offset after the last parsed character. ", " If the\n * parse failed, pos will be unchanged.", "\n * @param allowFilter2 if TRUE, a UnicodeSet pattern is allowed\n * at any location between specs or delimiters, and is returned\n * as the fifth string in the array.", "\n * @return a Specs object, or NULL if the parse failed. ", " If\n * neither source nor target was seen in the parsed id, then the\n * parse fails. ", " If allowFilter is TRUE, then the parsed filter\n * pattern is returned in the Specs object, otherwise the returned\n * filter reference is NULL. ", " If the parse fails for any reason\n * NULL is returned.", "\n */\nTransliteratorIDParser::Specs*\nTransliteratorIDParser::parseFilterID(const UnicodeString& id, int32_t& pos,\n UBool allowFilter) {\n UnicodeString first;\n UnicodeString source;\n UnicodeString target;\n UnicodeString variant;\n UnicodeString filter;\n UChar delimiter = 0;\n int32_t specCount = 0;\n int32_t start = pos;\n\n // This loop parses one of the following things with each\n // pass: a filter, a delimiter character (either '-' or '/'),\n // or a spec (source, target, or variant).", "\n for (;;) {\n ICU_Utility::skipWhitespace(id, pos, TRUE);\n if (pos == id.length()) {\n break;\n }\n\n // Parse filters\n if (allowFilter && filter.length() == 0 &&\n UnicodeSet::resemblesPattern(id, pos)) {\n\n ParsePosition ppos(pos);\n UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;\n UnicodeSet set(id, ppos, USET_IGNORE_SPACE, NULL, ec);\n if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {\n pos = start;\n return NULL;\n }\n id.extractBetween(pos, ppos.getIndex(), filter);\n pos = ppos.getIndex();\n continue;\n }\n\n if (delimiter == 0) {\n UChar c = id.charAt(pos);\n if ((c == TARGET_SEP && target.length() == 0) ||\n (c == VARIANT_SEP && variant.length() == 0)) {\n delimiter = c;\n ++pos;\n continue;\n }\n }\n\n // We are about to try to parse a spec with no delimiter\n // when we can no longer do so (we can only do so at the\n // start); break.", "\n if (delimiter == 0 && specCount > 0) {\n break;\n }\n\n UnicodeString spec = ICU_Utility::parseUnicodeIdentifier(id, pos);\n if (spec.length() == 0) {\n // Note that if there was a trailing delimiter, we\n // consume it. ", " So Foo-, Foo/, Foo-Bar/, and Foo/Bar-\n // are legal.", "\n break;\n }\n\n switch (delimiter) {\n case 0:\n first = spec;\n break;\n case TARGET_SEP:\n target = spec;\n break;\n case VARIANT_SEP:\n variant = spec;\n break;\n }\n ++specCount;\n delimiter = 0;\n }\n\n // A spec with no prior character is either source or target,\n // depending on whether an explicit \"-target\" was seen.", "\n if (first.length() !", "= 0) {\n if (target.length() == 0) {\n target = first;\n } else {\n source = first;\n }\n }\n\n // Must have either source or target\n if (source.length() == 0 && target.length() == 0) {\n pos = start;\n return NULL;\n }\n\n // Empty source or target defaults to ANY\n UBool sawSource = TRUE;\n if (source.length() == 0) {\n source.setTo(ANY, 3);\n sawSource = FALSE;\n }\n if (target.length() == 0) {\n target.setTo(ANY, 3);\n }\n\n return new Specs(source, target, variant, sawSource, filter);\n}\n\n/**\n * Givens a Spec object, convert it to a SingleID object. ", " The\n * Spec object is a more unprocessed parse result. ", " The SingleID\n * object contains information about canonical and basic IDs.", "\n * @return a SingleID; never returns NULL. ", " Returned object always\n * has 'filter' field of NULL.", "\n */\nTransliteratorIDParser::SingleID*\nTransliteratorIDParser::specsToID(const Specs* specs, int32_t dir) {\n UnicodeString canonID;\n UnicodeString basicID;\n UnicodeString basicPrefix;\n if (specs !", "= NULL) {\n UnicodeString buf;\n if (dir == FORWARD) {\n if (specs->sawSource) {\n buf.append(specs->source).append(TARGET_SEP);\n } else {\n basicPrefix = specs->source;\n basicPrefix.append(TARGET_SEP);\n }\n buf.append(specs->target);\n } else {\n buf.append(specs->target).append(TARGET_SEP).append(specs->source);\n }\n if (specs->variant.length() !", "= 0) {\n buf.append(VARIANT_SEP).append(specs->variant);\n }\n basicID = basicPrefix;\n basicID.append(buf);\n if (specs->filter.length() !", "= 0) {\n buf.insert(0, specs->filter);\n }\n canonID = buf;\n }\n return new SingleID(canonID, basicID);\n}\n\n/**\n * Given a Specs object, return a SingleID representing the\n * special inverse of that ID. ", " If there is no special inverse\n * then return NULL.", "\n * @return a SingleID or NULL. ", " Returned object always has\n * 'filter' field of NULL.", "\n */\nTransliteratorIDParser::SingleID*\nTransliteratorIDParser::specsToSpecialInverse(const Specs& specs, UErrorCode &status) {\n if (0!=specs.source.caseCompare(ANY, 3, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT)) {\n return NULL;\n }\n umtx_initOnce(gSpecialInversesInitOnce, init, status);\n if (U_FAILURE(status)) {\n return NULL;\n }\n\n UnicodeString* inverseTarget;\n\n umtx_lock(&LOCK);\n inverseTarget = (UnicodeString*) SPECIAL_INVERSES->get(specs.target);\n umtx_unlock(&LOCK);\n\n if (inverseTarget !", "= NULL) {\n // If the original ID contained \"Any-\" then make the\n // special inverse \"Any-Foo\"; otherwise make it \"Foo\".", "\n // So \"Any-NFC\" => \"Any-NFD\" but \"NFC\" => \"NFD\".", "\n UnicodeString buf;\n if (specs.filter.length() !", "= 0) {\n buf.append(specs.filter);\n }\n if (specs.sawSource) {\n buf.append(ANY, 3).append(TARGET_SEP);\n }\n buf.append(*inverseTarget);\n\n UnicodeString basicID(TRUE, ANY, 3);\n basicID.append(TARGET_SEP).append(*inverseTarget);\n\n if (specs.variant.length() !", "= 0) {\n buf.append(VARIANT_SEP).append(specs.variant);\n basicID.append(VARIANT_SEP).append(specs.variant);\n }\n return new SingleID(buf, basicID);\n }\n return NULL;\n}\n\n/**\n * Glue method to get around access problems in C++. ", " This would\n * ideally be inline but we want to avoid a circular header\n * dependency.", "\n */\nTransliterator* TransliteratorIDParser::createBasicInstance(const UnicodeString& id, const UnicodeString* canonID) {\n return Transliterator::createBasicInstance(id, canonID);\n}\n\n/**\n * Initialize static memory. ", "Called through umtx_initOnce only.", "\n */\nvoid U_CALLCONV TransliteratorIDParser::init(UErrorCode &status) {\n U_ASSERT(SPECIAL_INVERSES == NULL);\n ucln_i18n_registerCleanup(UCLN_I18N_TRANSLITERATOR, utrans_transliterator_cleanup);\n\n SPECIAL_INVERSES = new Hashtable(TRUE, status);\n if (SPECIAL_INVERSES == NULL) {\n\tstatus = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;\n\treturn;\n }\n SPECIAL_INVERSES->setValueDeleter(uprv_deleteUObject);\n}\n\n/**\n * Free static memory.", "\n */\nvoid TransliteratorIDParser::cleanup() {\n if (SPECIAL_INVERSES) {\n delete SPECIAL_INVERSES;\n SPECIAL_INVERSES = NULL;\n }\n gSpecialInversesInitOnce.reset();\n}\n\nU_NAMESPACE_END\n\n#endif /* #if !", "UCONFIG_NO_TRANSLITERATION */\n\n//eof\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Wednesday, 8 April 2009\n\nA while ago, I wrote a post about how irritating the language of business can be (read it here). ", "I cringe when I hear people using choice buzzwords to try to impress in the world of business, particularly at my own workplace. ", "I feel like a volcano waiting to erupt and have to exercise monumental control not to yell:\n\n“Speak English to me.”", "\n\nEqually irritating is the use of idioms from the world of American sport in British business, particularly from baseball. ", "I understand that in America two businessmen, who almost certainly watch baseball all the time, would use choice phrases from that sport because they would both understand the meaning perfectly.", "\n\nIn Britain, however, we do not watch baseball and the vast majority of businessmen have absolutely no idea what the terminology means.", "\n\nI remember the first time I watched a baseball game. ", "I was in Trinidad and there was a curfew, so I had little choice but to watch TV. ", "There was nothing on at all, apart from a baseball game on an American sports channel. ", "So I watched the entire game.", "\n\nI have to admit that I actually enjoyed it and, more surprisingly, I understood it. ", "I wouldn’t say that I was an expert by any means, but I found it entertaining enough to watch it on a couple of subsequent trips to the US. ", "As I watched, I was pleasantly surprised to hear some of the idioms. ", "As a teenager, I loved the song “Paradise By Dashboard Light” by Meat Loaf from the album “Bat Out Of Hell” but I thought that radio announcer section of that song was just gibberish and couldn’t fathom the meaning in the context of the song. ", "Watching that first baseball game in Trinidad was an epiphany; I knew exactly what was happening in the song because I understood what was meant by:\n\nBottom of the ninth\n\nBatter steps up to the plate\n\nHere’s the play at the plate\n\nBunted down the third base line\n\nI listened to the song again and pictured in my head what was going on in the car and at the baseball game – and it all made sense.", "\n\nUnfortunately I am in a minority because, although baseball is played in Britain, it is an amateur sport with a very small audience. ", "The likelihood that it is watched regularly by British businessmen is slim at best.", "\n\nSo why do people use baseball idioms in the UK?", "\n\nI want to know why they simply cannot speak to me in terms that I can relate to. ", "Here are the most irritating, with my interpretation of what they mean:\n\nWill you play ball?", "\n\nWill you go along with my insane plan?", "\n\nThey threw a curveball.", "\n\nThey came up with something totally unexpected (as customers sometimes do).", "\n\nThat job you were assigned. ", "Have you completed a home run?", "\n\nThat job you were supposed to do. ", "Was it a complete success?", "\n\nCan you field these questions?", "\n\nSomebody is going to ask a bunch of difficult questions that I can’t answer, so will you make yourself look like a fool instead of me by answering them?", "\n\nThey are going to strike out on the deal.", "\n\nThey are not going to sign the contract (probably because it is full of baseball idioms that they don’t understand).", "\n\nI want you to play hardball.", "\n\nI want you to be tough with them (because I'm trying to give the impression that I'm nice).", "\n\nCan you give me a ballpark figure?", "\n\nCan you guess for me? ", "I am incapable of doing so and I want somebody to blame when your estimates are way out.", "\n\nThree strikes and you’re out.", "\n\nIf you make three mistakes you are sacked. ", "So please don’t punch me again for using baseball idioms.", "\n\nI want you to cover all bases.", "\n\nI want you to prepare for all possible outcomes, even the most ridiculous unplanned ones.", "\n\nCan you touch base with Bill?", "\n\nCan you make sure that Bill has all of the information even the stuff you and I haven’t thought of yet?", "\n\nDave, step up to the plate.", "\n\nDave, can you take responsibility (and ergo the blame) for this?", "\n\nIt’s a whole new ball game.", "\n\nEverything’s changed, probably because I've changed my mind.", "\n\nI’ve had enough of these idioms and I am going to fight back. ", "I propose that we start using football phrases. ", "How about these for starters?", "\n\n\"Shall we kick off?\" ", "to replace \"Will you play ball?\"", "\n\n\"They bent it like Beckham.\" ", "to replace \"They threw a curveball.\"", "\n\n\"Did you score the goal?\" ", "to replace \"Have you completed a home run?\"", "\n\n\"Can you tackle these question?\" ", "to replace \"Can you field these questions?\"", "\n\n\"Can you guess the score?\" ", "to replace \"Can you give me a ballpark figure?\"", "\n\n\"Two bookings and you are sent off\" to replace \"Three strikes and you’re out.\"", "\n\n\"I want you to play it safe.\" ", "to replace \"I want you to cover all bases.\"", "\n\nI don’t think that it would be difficult really as there are some football idioms already in use:\n\n\"Score an own goal\" - to give yourself a problem.", "\n\n\"Kick it around\" - to talk about an idea with co-workers.", "\n\n\"Let the side down\" – to cause trouble and annoy co-workers.", "\n\n\"Move the goalposts\" – to make an unexpected change at the last minute.", "\n\nWe could even extend this to cricket:\n\n\"Take a swing\" - Have a go (although this could also be a baseball phrase).", "\n\n\"We’re batting on a sticky wicket\" – We have an awkward situation.", "\n\n\"This just isn’t cricket\" – the situation is unfair.", "\n\n\"You’ve had a good innings\" – you've had a positive experience and the outcome was excellent - but you are still sacked.", "\n\nActually, to be honest, I don’t really like the English idioms above either. ", "I am going to start a campaign to ban their use in British business completely. ", "When I take over the world, I will make sure that use of sports phrases in business is severely dealt with. ", "The punishment for using a phrase from a sport that you know about will be severe but woe betide the person who uses an idiom from a sport he knows nothing about.", "\n\n4 comments:\n\nI can imagine how annoying this would be but thank goodness you could make sense of them. ", "We have a friend who uses business idioms during casual, non-business talk. ", "That's annoying (and funny) also.", "\n\nBTW, the Meatloaf song is one of W's favorites---he always sings it when he hears it, which reminds me, Meatloaf was on House (yes, we love him here!) ", "the other night. ", "Oops, am rambling and am now way off in left field... Sorry, couldn't resist that one! :", "o):o)" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Q:\n\nExecuting SSIS package creates huge no. ", "of temp files which makes me run out of disk space\n\nI have a ssis package which I run using an sql job for bulk copy of data from one database to other. ", "the destination is our integration server where we have enough space for database. ", "But when i run this job (i.e package). ", "it creates huge number of temp files in localsettings/temp folder in orders of for a 1GB mdf file it creates some 20gb of temp files. ", "I have manually created this package and didnot use import export wizard. ", "Can any one help me how to avoid this huge tempfiles while executing?.If any further details needed plese mention.", "\nNote: many said if we create a package using import export wizard and set optimize for many tables true this will happen. ", "But in this package i query only one table and have created manually without using import export wizard.", "\n\nA:\n\nWhy is the package creating temp files?", "\nSSIS is an in-memory ETL solution, except when it can't keep everything in memory and begins swapping to disk. ", "\nWhy would restructuring the package as @jeff hornby suggested help?", "\nFully and partially blocking transformations force memory copies in your data flow. ", "Assume you have 10 buckets carrying 1MB of data each. ", "When you use a blocking transformation, as those buckets arrive at a transformation the data has to be copied from one memory location to another one. ", "You've now doubled your packages total memory consumption as you have 10MB of data used before the union all transformation and then another 10MB after it. ", "\nOnly use columns that you need. ", "If a column is not in your destination, don't add it to the data flow. ", "Use the database to perform sorts and merges. ", "Cast your data to the appropriate types before it ever hits the data flow.", "\nWhat else could be causing temp file usage\nLookup transformations. ", "I've seen people crush their ETL server when they use SELECT * FROM dbo.", "BillionRowTable when all they needed was one or two columns for the current time period. ", "The default behaviour of a lookup operation is to execute that source query and cache the results in memory. ", "For large tables, wide and/or deep, this can make it look like your data flow isn't even running as SSIS is busy streaming and caching all of that data as part of the pre-execute phase.", "\nBinary/LOB data. ", "Have an (n)varchar(max)/varbinary(max) or classic BLOB data type in your source table? ", "Sorry, that's not going to be in memory. ", "Instead, the data flow is going to carry a pointer along and write a file out for each one of those objects.", "\nToo much parallel processing. ", "SSIS is awesome in that you get free paralleization of your proessing. ", "Except you can have too much of a good thing. ", "If you have 20 data flows all floating in space with no precedence between them, the Integration Services engine may try to run all of them at once. ", "Add a precedence constraint between them, even if it's just on completion (on success/on fail) to force some serialization of operations. ", "Inside a data flow, you can introduce the same challenge by having unrelated operations going on. ", "My rule of thumb is that starting at any source or destination, I should be able to reach all the other source/destinations. ", "\nWhat else can I do?", "\nExamine what else is using memory on the box. ", "Have you set a sane (non-default) maximum memory value for SQL Server? ", "SSIS like RAM like a fat kid loves cake so you need to balance the memory needs of SSIS against the database itself-they have completely separate memory spaces.", "\nEach data flow has the ability to set the [BufferTempStoragePath and BlobTempStoragePath2. ", "Take advantage of this and put that on a drive with sufficient storage\nFinally, add more RAM. ", "If you can't make the package better by doing the above, throw more hardware at it and be done.", "\n\nA:\n\nIf you're getting that many temp files, then you probably have a lot of blocking transforms in your data flow. ", " Try to eliminate the following types of transformations: Aggregate, Fuzzy Grouping, Fuzzy Lookup, Row Sampling, Sort, Term Extraction. ", " Also, partially blocking transactions can create the same problems but not in the same scale: Data Mining Query, Merge, Merge Join, Pivot, Term Lookup, Union All, Unpivot. ", " You might want to try to minimize these transformations.", "\nProbably the problem is a sort transformation somewhere in your data flow (this is the most common). ", " You might be able to eliminate this by using an ORDER BY clause in your SQL statement. ", " Just remember to set the sorted property in the data source.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "What should \"unusual\" really mean?", "\n\nOkay, this is going to be a bit of a rant, but stay with me — I have what I think is a valid point.", "\n\nI prepare income tax returns. ", "My original career was as a public accountant. ", "I like tax preparation and I'm pretty good at it so I keep doing it. ", "But incidents like last night make me question whether the hassle is still worth it.", "\n\nAs you may know April 15 (April 17 this year) is the deadline to file income taxes in the United States. ", "It is a well-known date that almost everyone is aware of at some level. ", "It is integrated with our culture — Jay Leno and David Lettermen makes jokes about it. ", "April 15 does not sneak up on anyone, especially if you are in the business of preparing income tax returns. ", "People seem to relish in being last minute tax return filers. ", "Every year, millions file their tax returns either by mail or electronically on the last possible day they can.", "\n\nEveryone seems to know this except Intuit.", "\n\nIntuit, makers of TurboTax, shut down their electronic filing servers last night because they said they were experiencing \"unusual network activity.\" ", "My question is how can the rush to file last minute income tax returns before the midnight deadline be dubbed \"unusual.\" ", "It happens every year and Intuit should have been ready for it. ", "There is no excuse for not having enough capacity to handle the inevitable rush of last minute electronic filing. ", "It happens every year without fail. ", "To say the activity is \"unusual\" is disingenuous and an insult to my intelligence.", "\n\nAs a information technology professional and possibly a network administrator yourself, would you expect to get away with the claim that the servers are down because of \"unusual\" activity in this situation? ", "Isn't the ability to predict and plan for future capacity needs part of your administrative mission? ", "If you knew every April 15th of every year there would be an activity spike 10 times normal, wouldn't you prepare for it?", "\n\nRelated Topics:\n\nAbout Mark Kaelin\n\nMark W. Kaelin has been writing and editing stories about the IT industry, gadgets, finance, accounting, and tech-life for more than 25 years. ", "Most recently, he has been a regular contributor to BreakingModern.com, aNewDomain.net, and TechRepublic.", "\n\nFull Bio\n\nMark W. Kaelin has been writing and editing stories about the IT industry, gadgets, finance, accounting, and tech-life for more than 25 years. ", "Most recently, he has been a regular contributor to BreakingModern.com, aNewDomain.net, and TechRepublic." ]

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[ "Enabling clean access into Subglacial Lake Whillans: development and use of the WISSARD hot water drill system.", "\nClean hot water drill systems (CHWDSs) are used with clean access protocols for the exploration of subglacial lakes and other subglacial aquatic environments (e.g. ice-shelf cavities) in Antarctica. ", "A CHWDS developed for the Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (WISSARD) project by the Science Management Office at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL-SMO), USA, was specifically designed for use in West Antarctica, where the US Antarctic Program's South Pole Traverse could assist with logistical support. ", "The initial goal was to provide clean access holes through ice up to 1000 m thick following environmental stewardship guidelines; however, the existing design allows this CHWDS to be used for ice thicknesses up to 2000 m following modifications to accommodate longer hose lengths. ", "In January 2013, the WISSARD CHWDS successfully provided for the first time a clean access borehole through 800 m of ice into Subglacial Lake Whillans beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet for the deployment of scientific instruments and sampling tools. ", "The development and initial use of the WISSARD CHWDS required the project team to address a number of constraints while providing contingencies to meet the defined project scope, schedule and budget." ]

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[ "Wednesday, April 11, 2012\n\nEventually, a disappointed Luongo realizedthe other players were too busy with thegame to join his rendition of \"YMCA\".", "\n\nThe playoffs begin tonight, which means it's time to wrap up our mandatory first round predictions. ", "We covered the Eastern Conference yesterday, so today we'll take a look at the Western Conference matchups.", "\n\n#1 Vancouver Canucks vs. #8 Los Angeles Kings\n\nThe matchup: The series will feature two forwards who are completely inseparable and spend virtually every waking moment of their lives together, and in addition to Mike Richards and Jeff Carter the Canucks probably have some good players too.", "The view from Vancouver: The Canucks must find an answer for the Kings' best defensive player, goaltender Jonathan Quick, and their best offensive player, a frustrated Jonathan Quick taking slapshots from the point while yelling \"Seriously, the rest of you don't even want to maybe give this a try?\"The view from Los Angeles: Kings players can't help but wonder if team meetings would be more effective if coach Darryl Sutter didn't continually interrupt to ask if anyone knows who the Flames are playing in the first round, then laugh hysterically for twenty minutes.", "Player to watch: Cory Schneider, to see if he's taking his ball cap off, assuming you're Roberto Luongo and just gave up a goal.", "Prediction: The Canucks win, celebrate their victory together as a team, then pause and ask each other whether anyone else just heard the faint sound of \"Chelsea Dagger\" coming from round two.", "\n\n#2 St. Louis Blues vs. #7 San Jose Sharks\n\nThe matchup: This matchup will feature a battle between arguably the two best goaltenders in the entire league, right up until the Blues practice ends and the Sharks come out on the ice.", "The view from St. Louis: Coach Ken Hitchcock's system is often incorrectly described as \"defense-first\", since that implies that something other than defence might be second or third.", "The view from San Jose: Hey, plucky underdogs upset heavily favored top seeds in the first few rounds all the time, mumble Sharks fans bitterly.", "Player to watch: David Backes will be tasked with shutting down Joe Thornton, which he plans to do by following him around while occasionally pointing at a calendar that reads \"April\".", "Prediction: After they wrap up the series and advance to the second round, you grudgingly admit that maybe it's time to learn the names of a few of the St. Louis Blues' non-goalies.", "\n\n#3 Phoenix Coyotes vs. #6 Chicago Blackhawks\n\nThe matchup: The Coyotes worked hard all year to win their division and get a high seed where they could face an underdog team rather some recent Stanley Cup champion and oh for the love of… are you kidding me?The view from Phoenix: The team is having trouble figuring out how to color in the center ice and goal lines in time for game one, since the city of Glendale is using up all the red ink. ", "The view from Chicago: Captain Jonathan Toews has yet to be able to pass the league-mandated concussion test, which isn't surprising considering the test consists entirely of the phrase \"Demonstrate the capacity for human emotion\".", "Player to watch: Shane Doan, as usual, if you're a scout for the Canadian entry in the world championships.", "Prediction: Phoenix Coyotes fans will never see another first round matchup like this one.", "\n\n#4 Nashville Predators vs. #5 Detroit Red Wings\n\nThe matchup: The upstart Predators face the veteran Red Wings in a matchup that is so close on paper that we all agree to try to look surprised when Detroit wins.", "The view from Nashville: The Predators surrendered a first round draft pick at the trade deadline to land an impact player, and the team is convinced the move will pay off just as soon as this Paul Gaustad guy stops joking around and tells them who they really got.", "The view from Detroit: The Red Wings will make it a priority to end the series early, partly to conserve energy and avoid fatigue but mostly to prevent Shea Weber's playoff beard from achieving self-awareness. ", "Player to watch: Niklas Kronwall, since if he tries to deliver his patented leaping charge on Hal Gill it could be our first chance to ever see him deliver a shoulder-to-shoulder check.", "Prediction: Predators defenceman Ryan Suter plays well but is accused of seeming overanxious after he goes through the post-series handshake line wearing a Red Wings jersey.", "\n\n\"The matchup: This matchup will feature a battle between arguably the two best goaltenders in the entire league, right up until the Blues practice ends and the Sharks come out on the ice.\"", "\n\nGold\n\n\"The view from Vancouver: The Canucks must find an answer for the Kings' best defensive player, goaltender Jonathan Quick, and their best offensive player, a frustrated Jonathan Quick taking slapshots from the point while yelling \"Seriously, the rest of you don't even want to maybe give this a try?\"\"", "\n\nSilver\n\n\"The view from Nashville: The Predators surrendered a first round draft pick at the trade deadline to land an impact player, and the team is convinced the move will pay off just as soon as this Paul Gaustad guy stops joking around and tells them who they really got.\"" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nMySQL partition by foreign key\n\nI have a chat database in MySQL.", "\n'users' table\nuser_id(PK), user_name\n'chat' table\nchat_id(PK), user1_id(FK), user2_id(FK)\n'messages' table\nmessage_id(PK), chat_id(FK), user_from(FK), message_text, message_date\nSince I expect to have millions of records in the messages table, I thought of partitioning it. ", "Is it a good approach? ", "And what type of partition has to be used here? ", "I thought if I partition by chat_id so for each chat between two users I get a partition. ", "In practice, as a result, each time all records from a partition will be retrieved, since all of them belong to the same chat. ", "But, this means if I have 1 million chats, I have 1 million partitions. ", "However, since chat_id is a foreign key, MySQL doesn't allow partitioning by chat_id.", "\n\nA:\n\nThe main thing to understand about PARTITIONing is that it does not inherently provide any performance benefit.", "\nThere are a few exceptions. ", " The only one that might apply is:\nIf you intend to delete \"old\" chats, say after 30 days, then the DELETE can be made more efficient by using DROP PARTITION.", "\nMore discussion: http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/partitionmaint\nBack to your specific questions:\n\"each chat between two users I get a partition\" -- NO! ", " Partitioning does not scale well. ", " In general, database engines are designed to be efficient when doing DML things: select/insert/delete/update, but at the expense of DDL things: create/alter/drop.", "\n\"all of them belong to the same chat\" -- This sounds like an attempt to help with \"caching\". ", " Most of that can be achieved by carefully choosing indexes. ", " The messages for a given chat can be \"clustered\" together with this technique in the messages table:\nCREATE TABLE Messages (\n message_id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,\n chat_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,\n ...\n PRIMARY KEY(chat_id, message_id), -- to cluster by chat\n INDEX(message_id) -- to keep auto_increment happy\n) ENGINE=InnoDB;\n\nIn almost all situations a 'purpose' for partitioning can be emulated by a suitable indexing scheme. ", " (Corollary: One must redesign the indexes when switching to/from partitioning.)", "\n\"1 million partitions\" -- 8K is the limit. ", " And, there is at least one disk file per partition; operating systems do not like having a million files, especially in a single directory. ", " Even 8K is stretching things.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "#\n# euc_jp.py: Python Unicode Codec for EUC_JP\n#\n# Written by Hye-Shik Chang <perky@FreeBSD.org>\n#\n\nimport _codecs_jp, codecs\nimport _multibytecodec as mbc\n\ncodec = _codecs_jp.getcodec('euc_jp')\n\nclass Codec(codecs.", "Codec):\n encode = codec.encode\n decode = codec.decode\n\nclass IncrementalEncoder(mbc.", "MultibyteIncrementalEncoder,\n codecs.", "IncrementalEncoder):\n codec = codec\n\nclass IncrementalDecoder(mbc.", "MultibyteIncrementalDecoder,\n codecs.", "IncrementalDecoder):\n codec = codec\n\nclass StreamReader(Codec, mbc.", "MultibyteStreamReader, codecs.", "StreamReader):\n codec = codec\n\nclass StreamWriter(Codec, mbc.", "MultibyteStreamWriter, codecs.", "StreamWriter):\n codec = codec\n\ndef getregentry():\n return codecs.", "CodecInfo(\n name='euc_jp',\n encode=Codec().encode,\n decode=Codec().decode,\n incrementalencoder=IncrementalEncoder,\n incrementaldecoder=IncrementalDecoder,\n streamreader=StreamReader,\n streamwriter=StreamWriter,\n )\n" ]

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[ "This is story of our daughters Taylor and Lauren, both with profound hearing loss, and the journey of getting and utilizing cochlear implants. ", "Both have congenital deafness due to the Connexin 26 gene mutation.", "\n\nMonday, May 20, 2013\n\nWe have recently completed Taylor's kindergarten roundup screening. ", "She did amazingly well, scoring 99th percentile combined score. ", "I have to say this was one of those moments where I wanted to go back to my former self, who was so worried in the year following Taylor's profound diagnosis, and tell myself not to worry, that someday things would be great... It's hard to believe how far she has come since June 2009 when she was diagnosed, or activated at age 15 months. ", "Thankfully I am able to use my perspective of Taylor's progress to allow me to enjoy Lauren's natural language acquisition with her bilateral CI's and not ruin the joy of parenting this wonderful child with the worry that we had when Taylor was young.", "\n\nThe IEP meeting for her kindergarten year was a meeting that I was anxious about because of her performance in the screening. ", "In spite of the high score, we were able to keep the IEP and continue to have Hearing Impaired Educator services and some access to the Audiologist. ", "The HI teacher will work with her on listening and advocacy skills. ", "We will have an FM system to use in the classrooms. ", "We are so fortunate that there are soundfield speaker systems in every classroom in our elementary school and the teachers are already used to wearing a microphone. ", "We are so glad to have Derek's current teacher as Taylor's teacher for the coming year. ", "That is a comfort to us since we have already developed a good relationship with her over the past 9 months. ", "We know there may be challenges to come but we are really feeling good about Taylor's kindergarten setup for next year.", "\n\nTaylor continues to be a daredevil and a very physical little girl. ", "Here are some recent pictures.", "\n\nTaylor went parasailing on our spring break trip, and actually wore her ears during it. ", "We did the waterproof bag, clipped the bag to her hair, and put the swim cap on. ", "She was able to hear and talk the whole time! ", "They saw dolphins and a sea turtle from up there (300 feet at the highest).", "\n\nWe have completed spring soccer with Taylor scoring up to 3 goals in her games. ", "Her team was a great little group that we had played with in the fall too. ", "T-ball is now starting; we haven't quite figured out the ears for t-ball yet. ", "I'm thinking we will get her own helmet and then try to do the swimcap under it to secure the ears in place. ?? ", "Any advice on this?", "\n\nTaylor and Lauren at the YMCA Tumbling Room\n\nTaylor just finished her dance recital for the year. ", "There's nothing cuter than 4 and 5-year old girls in their dance costumes!", "\n\nDance Recital\n\nI continue to be thankful for the bond that my girls have because they both need \"ears\" to hear. ", "I hope they are able to bring strength and advice to each other in the years to come. ", "There is such a bond between them already. ", "The other night, Taylor was crying after her bath, not wanting to get dressed and ran to her room. ", "Lauren picked up Taylor's ears and carried them upstairs to her. :)", "\n\nFriday, May 10, 2013\n\nThese are all of Lauren's words at 21 months. ", "She doesn't say all of them perfectly, but they are strong and consistent attempts at these words. ", "We are so excited. ", "The hearing birthday for the left ear is 2 weeks away.", "\n\nI'm sure there are more, but these were the ones I could think of. ", "She is off and running with spoken language! ", "I am still waiting to see a consistent name for Derek and Taylor, and our cat mikea. ", "She calls our dog maverick \"maa\".", "\n\nPhysically, Lauren is small (compared to how Derek and Taylor were) but ultra coordinated. ", "She made it up our rock climbing wall on our playset at 20 months. ", "We are constantly chasing her.", "\n\nWednesday, January 23, 2013\n\nWe are so excited -- Lauren has really started babbling consistently. ", "She is the real age of 17 months, listening age of 8 months. ", "Just this month, she has made good attempts at banana (nana), Maverick (our dog) (maa-buh), babababa, waffle, mmmm for M&M's and lots more. ", "She has been, for the most part, silent or pointing while yelling, so this progress is most welcome. ", "I am around a lot of other kids around the same age, and although I know it is not uncommon to be quiet or point/yell/grunt for a 17-month-old, we still hope for lots more! ", "We want to know those ears are working, and working well!!", "\n\nA nose-wrinkling grin for her Daddy!", "\n\nHer language comprehension seems to be progressing very nicely. ", "She will point out body parts when asked; eyes, ears, mouth, belly button, feet, etc. ", "Today, I asked her \"what's in your mouth?\" ", "and she spit out a clip. :) ", "Oh joy! ", "If I ask her if she wants to eat, she will head into the kitchen... We are seeing so many good things.", "\n\nNow, we are going to work on really expanding her language comprehension. ", "When Taylor was around this age, we did a program from Cochlear called Speech Sounds. ", "Every week or so, we would focus on a sound, and expose her to it with songs, toys, books, food, etc. ", "We are going to try that again with Lauren. ", "It's a good way to make sure that we are adding constant variety into our daily language.", "\n\nAs for Taylor, she is four and a half, and has her first loose tooth. ", "She is excited about that! ", "We are starting to think about kindergarten. ", "She is not using an FM system or speaker system in the preschool. ", "I am wondering what the best approach for kindergarten in the fall will be. ", "The one known factor is that since Derek is in kindergarten, I can probably get Taylor into the same class and have a teacher who we already have a relationship with. ", "She has been great to work with so far. ", "Any recommendations or advice on this topic are appreciated as I approach the IEP renewal meeting." ]

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[ "(CNN) — The first cannabis cafe in the United States opens Tuesday in Los Angeles . ", "Called Lowell Farms: A Cannabis Cafe, it will be the first farm-to-table restaurant that highlights cuisine and cannabis.", "\n\nWest Hollywood created eight cannabis consumption licenses and of more than 300 applicants, Lowell Farms was granted the first one, the restaurant says. ", "That makes it the first business in the United States to be granted a fully legal cannabis consumption license, it says.", "\n\nA rendering of the interior of the cafe. ", "Cafe Lowell\n\nH\n\nead chef Andrea Drummer was trained at Le Cordon Bleu in Los Angeles. ", "In 2012, she launched her cooperative, Elevation VIP. ", "There, she became known for creating THC- and CBD-infused cuisine and has hosted celebrities like Miguel and Wiz Khalifa.", "\n\nRelated content What you need to know about recreational pot in Canada\n\nAt Lowell Farms , Drummer has created a menu that will be reflective of California flavors, and it will feature seasonal dishes that are complementary to the effects of THC. ", "Because of current cannabis legislation, the restaurant says, its dishes will not be infused with cannabis.", "\n\n\"In harmony with the West Hollywood community, the restaurant will offer a first-of-its-kind nightlife experience,\" a spokeswoman told CNN. \"", "Lowell Farms: A Cannabis Cafe will serve as a welcoming and safe environment for all to enjoy and learn about consumption in the newly legal world of cannabis.\"", "\n\nCafe rendering Cafe Lowell\n\nThe cafe will have its own version of a sommelier, which it is calling \"tableside flower service.\" ", "A Lowell Farms \"flower host\" will discuss the different strains available and explain their flavors and effects.", "\n\nGuests will be able to smoke marijuana at the cafe using joints, pipes and bongs. ", "The 5,900-square foot space will have both a smoking and non-smoking patio, and the entire indoor space is a designated smoking area.", "\n\nRelated content These may be the best tacos in L.A.\n\nEdibles will also be available for consumption." ]

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[ "Sex in the classroom porn collectionWonderful combination of sex in the classroom porn videos with either hot female teachers getting laid with male students or young schoolgirls having their wet little vaginas enlarged by hot male teachers. ", "A rare combination of classroom porn in a single collection that's way to amazing not to watchClassroom, Coed, Teacher, Student10 videos | Popularity: 11616 | devereux\n\nVideoSexArchive is rated with RTA label. ", "Parents, you can easily block access to this site. ", "Please read this page for more informations. ", "VideoSexArchive is a free hosting service for your porn videos. ", "Our pages contain absolutely no spyware/adware/trojan/etc. ", "There is no charge (no hidden charges either) for viewing our videos." ]

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[ "News Release\n\nMonday, October 28, 2013\n\nFatal Motorcycle Collision NR13475rh\n\nLos Angeles: The Los Angeles Police Department, Central Traffic detectives are currently investigating a hit-and-run that left one person dead.", "\n\nOn October 28, 2013, around 5:50 a.m., a silver 4-door, 1996 thru 2000 Honda Civic DX was travelling southbound on Soto Street and Lancaster Street when the driver changed lanes and collided with 55-year-old, Los Angeles County Probation Officer, who was riding his personal motorcycle southbound on Soto Street.", "\n\nThe impact from the collision caused the motorcyclist to veer in a westbound direction where his motorcycle collided with the curb and ejected the motorcyclist from his motorcycle, which collided with the upright of a tri-light traffic signal.", "\n\nThe driver of the vehicle failed to stop, render aid and identify himself or herself. ", "The motorcyclist died at scene from his injuries.", "\n\nDetectives from Central Division are investigating the collision. ", "Anyone with information regarding this collision, or the whereabouts of the above vehicle and its driver are urged to contact Detective M. Kaden at (213) 972-1837 or Officer R. Cortez at (213) 972-1825. ", "During weekends and off-hours, call the 24-hour toll free number at 1-877-LAPD24-7 (1-877-527-3247). ", "Anyone wishing to remain anonymous should call Crime Stoppers at 1-800-222-TIPS (800-222-8477). ", "Tipsters may also contact Crime Stoppers by texting to phone number 274637 (C-R-I-M-E-S on most keypads) with a cell phone. ", "All text messages should begin with the letters “LAPD.” ", "Tipsters may also go to LAPDOnline.org, click on \"webtips\" and follow the prompts." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nfoursquare api who's been there\n\nI which to display on my website a the list of maybe the last 5 peoples who checked in my venue.", "\nI didn't find any method in the api to do that, the closest was showing your friend...\nI tell my boss that it wasn't possible to do that then he shows me this site :\nhttp://www.brooklynmuseum.org/community/foursquare/\nHow is it possible to get this kind of list and if possible with no authentication (my server will do the call no a real person so no oauth...)\nthanks !", "\n\nA:\n\nYou can use the Venue Push API (documented here) to notify your website whenever a user checks in to your managed venue, which you can use to update such a list.", "\n\n" ]

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