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[ "Gungahlin Football Club\n\nThe semi-professional Gungahlin Jets Australian Football Club is based in Gungahlin, Australian Capital Territory. ", "They compete in the AFL Canberra first grade competition.", "\n\nHistory\nThe Gungahlin Jets were established in 1981 and entered the Monaro AFL division 2 competition in 1982. ", "The club won the MAFL division 2 premiership in their first season.", "\n\nIn 2014, the Liberal government withdrew a $66,000 grant for infrastructure funding provided by the previous Labor government, sparking a controversy. ", "The club was burgled twice in a month; drinks and water bottles intended for fundraising were stolen, and on the second occasion, a television.", "\n\nThe club anticipated fielding 400 players across senior, junior and women's divisions in the 2014 season.", "\n\nAs of April 2018, the Jets had not won a first-grade match since 5 August 2016, a span of 624 days. ", "They had conceded 200 points seven times in the interim. ", "A new coach, John Love, led the club in 2018.", "\n\nHonours\nAFL Canberra\n Division 2 (5): 1982, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1994\n Division 2 (3): 2006, 2007, 2008\n\nGrand Finals\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website\n\nCategory:AFL Canberra clubs\nCategory:1981 establishments in Australia\nCategory:Sports clubs established in 1981" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nGet all items from a list without referring to them one by one\n\nI would like to know if there is a way to get all items without referring one by one like I have done in my code? ", "This code returns nothing.", "\nfunction onS() {\n var listString = \"\";\n var Enum = listItems.getEnumerator();\n while (Enum.moveNext()) {\n var currentItem = Enum.get_current();\n var data = currentItem.get_fieldValues();\n listString += currentItem.", "Title;\n }\n $(\"#items\").html(listString);\n}\n\nA:\n\nif you want to get the JSON response of all field values use get_fieldValues() method\nvar currentItem = Enum.get_current();\n var data = currentItem.get_fieldValues();\n\nit returns the keyvalue pair JSON data like\n{'Title':'Title Value',\n 'ID':'ID value',\n 'ColumnInternaName':'ColumnValue',\n .....\n .....}\n\nyou can get the title by \ndata.", "Title\n\nId by\ndata.", "ID\n\netc...\nif you load items using 'Include' like\ncontext.load(listItems,'Include(Title,ID)')\n\nThen the JSON only contains the data of Title and ID\n\n" ]

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[ "As if fighting the coronavirus pandemic weren’t challenging enough, cybercriminals are making things more difficult for healthcare providers and humanitarian groups. ", "Attacks have already delayed COVID-19 testing and limited access to related healthcare guidance. ", "So today, Microsoft is extending its AccountGuard service to healthcare providers and human rights and humanitarian organizations at no cost.", "\n\nTypically aimed at politicians and their staff, AccountGuard notifies customers when Microsoft detects an attack and provides guidance on stopping it. ", "The service will be available to these new groups until the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, Microsoft said in an announcement. ", "It’s currently available in 29 countries, and it’s available to organizations using Office 365 for business email. ", "It also offers additional security to personal accounts of front line workers who use services like Outlook.com and Hotmail." ]

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[ "Lithospermum erythrorhizon suppresses high-fat diet-induced obesity, and acetylshikonin, a main compound of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, inhibits adipocyte differentiation.", "\nLithospermum erythrorhizon, which has traditionally been used as a vegetable and to make the liquor Jindo Hongju, contains several naphthoquinone pigments, including shikonin. ", "This study aimed to evaluate the antiobesity effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon ethanol extract (LE) and elucidate the underlying mechanism. ", "C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal or high-fat diet with or without LE supplementation for 8 weeks. ", "LE reduced high-fat diet-induced increases in body weight, white adipose tissue mass, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, and hepatic lipid levels while decreasing lipogenic and adipogenic gene expression. ", "Furthermore, acetylshikonin suppressed adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner and significantly attenuated adipogenic transcription factor expression in 3T3-L1 cells. ", "These findings suggest that Lithospermum erythrorhizon prevents obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis through downregulation of genes involved in the adipogenesis pathway and may be a useful dietary supplement for the prevention of obesity." ]

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[ "I enjoy taking pictures to remember a particular moment in my life.", "\nThere is just something about looking through that little window and seeing a whole new world that captivates me each time.", "\nMy favorite topics are landscape, nature, and the night sky." ]

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[ "Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of chronic renal disorders and end stage kidney disease in developed countries. ", "It is the major cause of dialysis and transplantation. ", "The development of diabetic nephropathy is associated to several factors such as genetic susceptibility, hemodynamic and biochemical changes ([@B1]). ", "All sizes of arteries can be affected in the diabetes mellitus ([@B2]). ", "Therefore, both micro and macro angiopathy can be seen in the diabetic kidney. ", "The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is associated with the duration and efficiency of treatment of hyperglycemia and blood pressure in diabetes mellitus ([@B3]-[@B4]).", "\n\nMost investigations have shown that the earliest detectable changes in the course of diabetic nephropathy in human will be seen 10 years after diabetes mellitus initiation. ", "However, morpho-metric studies showed that the signs can be diagnosed 18 months after diabetes initiation ([@B5]). ", "Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive disease and earlier diagnosis can help in making a better treatment design in order to reduce its development. ", "For example, using sulodexide regulates matrix protein accumulation in diabetic nephropathy ([@B6]). ", "Most researches are investigating glomerular alterations due to diabetes and the effects of non-glomerular structure changes on clinical spectrum of diabetic nephropathy have been much less attended.", "\n\nA wide range of alterations in the renal tissue have been described in diabetes. ", "Renal tubular function has been changed and consequently there are tubular proteinuria, sodium and glucose transport disorders ([@B7]-[@B8]).", "\n\nIn our previous researches, we had shown an increase of lipofuscin pigments in the renal tubular cells and increased glomerular mesangium at an earlier time in the kidney of a diabetic rat ([@B9]-[@B10]). ", "This research was conducted to find the very early renal histological changes in the diabetes mellitus.", "\n\nMaterials and Methods\n=====================\n\nBased on an experimental study, 20 male Wistar rats (weight 200 - 250 g) were considered as experimental group. ", "Weight and time-matched rats were used as control animals. ", "The animals were housed in a standard laboratory condition, 12 hours light/darkness cycle, constant temperature, 50-55% moisture and easy access to food and water. ", "Animal care was performed in accordance with the Ethics Committee of Babol University of Medical Sciences. ", "Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single subcutaneous injection (120 mg/kg) of freshly prepared solution of alloxan monohydrate (Aldrich, A7413-25G) dissolved in PBS subcutaneously ([@B11]). ", "The induction of hyperglycemia was confirmed one week after treatment and the day of sacrificing by blood glucometer (Gluco care.77 Electronica kft, co) in rats with fasting blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dl. ", "Five rats were excluded due to blood glucose levels lower than 200 mg/dl and/ or death. ", "At the end of the 8th week of treatment, both the control and experimental groups were anesthetized with pentobarbital (80 mg/kg, IP) before perfusion through the heart with 10% formaldehyde. ", "Right kidneys were dissected and rinsed in cold saline. ", "After weighing, the kidneys were immersed in 10% formaldehyde for 48 h and then were paraffin embedded and sectioned at 5μm on a microtome. ", "The slides were prepared and studied after being stained with Hematoxilin -- Eosin (H&E) using a light microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). ", "For the comparison of kidney weight between the control and experimental groups, T test was performed and p-value \\< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.", "\n\nResults\n=======\n\nHistological study showed a deposit of eosinophilic materials in the intermediate substantial of medulla in the kidney of 73% (11 rats) of diabetic animals ([Figure 1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Vacuolar changes have been seen in the tubular cells of all diabetic kidneys. ", "The average weight of kidneys increased compared to nondiabetic animals (P\\< 0.05, [table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n{#F1}\n\n###### \n\nkidney weight in control and diabetic groups\n\n ----------------------------------------------\n Weight range\\ Diabetic Control\\ \n (gram) n (%) n (%) \n --------------- ------------------- ----------\n 0.77--0.87 0 3(20%)\n\n 0.88--0.98 0 10(67%)\n\n 0.99--1.09 2(13%) 2(13%)\n\n 1.1--1.2 9(60%) 0\n\n 1.21--1.31 4(27%) 0\n\n Total 15(100%) 15(100%)\n ----------------------------------------------\n\nThe amount of blood flow in arteries of all diabetic kidneys especially in vasa recta have been enhanced ([Figure 2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nCompared to matched renal arterial lumen diameter of control group, the increase of thickness in the intrarenal arterial walls has been observed in all diabetic rats ([Figure 3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n{#F2}\n\n{#F3}\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nThis study has been conducted to find earlier possible histological changes in the kidney of diabetic rats. ", "Eight weeks after the initiation of diabetes mellitus, the histological study of kidney demonstrated the presence of abnormal cells in the wall of renal tubules which could lead to cell damages. ", "The cytoplasm resolution of abnormal cells changed and vacuolar modifications occurred. ", "According to the association between cell shape and cell function, these changes may correspond to an adaptation of cells to a new situation such as increased load. ", "This is in agreement with an increase of lipofuscin pigments in the renal tubular cells which has been reported previously ([@B10]). ", "The increase of lipofuscin pigments may represent an over stress status of cells. ", "Vacuolar changes may correspond to initiation of Armanni -- Ebstein lesion associated to glycogen deposition or subnuclear lipid vacuolization. ", "It can be reduced by an anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory agent ([@B12]). ", "The deposition of eosinophilic materials which is presented in this study can be an early sign of kidney affection occurring in diabetes mellitus. ", "Eosinophilic materials display and represent accumulated materials in the interstitial space. ", "This may be an early sign of renal fibrosis. ", "Tubulointerstitial fibrosis originates from non-vascular injury and thus, can represent an imbalance between the synthesis and degradation of extra cellular matrix (ECM) which occurs upon glycation. ", "The event has been reported by Sugimotto et al. ", "but 6 months after diabetes initiation ([@B13]). ", "The glycation of ECM proteins changes both their structure and function.", "\n\nGlycation is a nonenzymatic reaction between sugars and the free amino groups of materials in a hyperglycemic situation such as diabetes mellitus. ", "The glycation of materials induces a wide range of chemical, cellular and tissue effects and leads to nephropathy development. ", "Sabbatini et al. ", "showed that the early glycation products (EGPs) induce glomerular hyperfiltration even in normal rats ([@B14]). ", "The glycation process is reversible but over time, it becomes irreversible and EGPs develop into advanced glycation end products (AGEs). ", "AGE influences charge, solubility and conformation of ECM. ", "Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of hyperglycemia prevents AGE production.", "\n\nRenal investigations have demonstrated that hyperfiltration is associated to vasodilatation and the consequent increase in blood flow and glomerular capillary pressure ([@B15]-[@B16]). ", "The present study made obvious the blood flow amplification in the diabetic kidney. ", "The blood flow increase is the primary and main cause of structural and functional disorders in the kidney and blood flow correction in the early stage of diabetes inhibits further complications in the kidney ([@B17]).", "\n\nThe kidney weight increased when compared to control animals. ", "This result indicates that the onset of renal enlargement can be a characteristic feature of diabetic kidney. ", "It has manifested that the kidney enlargement is caused by certain factors like glucose over-administration, glycogen accu-mulation, lipogenesis and protein synthesis in the diabetic kidney ([@B18]-[@B19]). ", "Actually, it is due to glomerular hypertrophy and nephromegaly. ", "To compare with our study, Kiran et al. ", "reported that the increase of kidney weight initiated from the first month of diabetes mellitus and is exaggerated at the end of the fourth month which is even earlier compared to the present study ([@B20]). ", "Kidney enlargemement can be easily diagnosed by a noninvasive method such as ultrasonography.", "\n\nVascular hypertrophy is presented in this study. ", "The thickening of renal arterial wall during 8 weeks diabetes needs more attention. ", "The result is in agreement with those, have been reported previously ([@B21]-[@B22]). ", "It is a progressive complication and leads to hypertension and ischemic nephropathy. ", "Increased angiotensin II due to diabetes mellitus is the most important cause of arterial wall hypertrophy and atherosclerosis. ", "It stimulates proliferation of smooth and mesangial cells ([@B23]-[@B24]). ", "Thus, it is now known that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor can reduce and correct diabetic nephropathy ([@B25]). ", "Sato et al. ", "showed the structural changes of renal arteries that are already prominent before glomerular changes and advanced kidney disorders ([@B25]).", "\n\nIn conclusion, there are many early nonglomerular structural changes in the diabetic kidney which need more attention for patient care. ", "Furthermore, the diagnosis of affected kidney in diabetes is possible before prominent functional disorders occur.", "\n" ]

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[ "The Sea of Tranquility\n\nI live in a world without magic or miracles. ", "A place where there are no clairvoyants or shapeshifters, no angels or superhuman boys to save you. ", "A place where people die and music disintegrates and things suck. ", "I am pressed so hard against the earth by the weight of reality that some days I wonder how I am still able to lift my feet to walk.", "\n\nFormer piano prodigy Nastya Kashnikov wants two things: to get through high school without anyone learning about her past and to make the boy who took everything from her—her identity, her spirit, her will to live—pay.", "\n\nJosh Bennett’s story is no secret: every person he loves has been taken from his life until, at seventeen years old, there is no one left. ", "Now all he wants is be left alone and people allow it because when your name is synonymous with death, everyone tends to give you your space.", "\n\nEveryone except Nastya, the mysterious new girl at school who starts showing up and won’t go away until she’s insinuated herself into every aspect of his life. ", "But the more he gets to know her, the more of an enigma she becomes. ", "As their relationship intensifies and the unanswered questions begin to pile up, he starts to wonder if he will ever learn the secrets she’s been hiding—or if he even wants to.", "\n\nThe Sea of Tranquility is a rich, intense, and brilliantly imagined story about a lonely boy, an emotionally fragile girl, and the miracle of second chances." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nStretch flex item with overflowing content to the full available width of its container\n\nI have a layout like this:\nHTML:\n<html>\n <head>\n </head>\n <body>\n <div class=\"container\">\n <div class=\"left-container\">\n SIDEBAR\n </div>\n <div class=\"right-container\">\n <div class=\"header\">\n <div class=\"header-item\">\n HEADER ITEM 1\n </div>\n <div class=\"header-item\">\n HEADER ITEM 2\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"dashboard\">\n <div class=\"nav\">\n SOME INNER NAVIGATION\n </div>\n <div class=\"table-container\">\n TABLE CONTAINER\n <div class=\"table\">\n TABLE\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n </body>\n</html>\n\nCSS:\n.container {\n display: flex;\n margin: auto;\n max-width: 1300px;\n padding: 15px;\n background: lightpink;\n}\n\n.left-container {\n width: 300px;\n background: lavender;\n margin-right: 50px;\n}\n\n.right-container {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n width: 100%;\n}\n\n.header {\n display: flex;\n background: lightblue;\n width: 100%;\n}\n\n.header-item {\n flex: 1 1 auto;\n}\n\n.dashboard {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n margin-top: 50px;\n max-width: 100%;\n}\n\n.nav {\n background: lightgrey;\n}\n\n.table-container {\n margin-top: 30px;\n background: lavenderblush;\n padding: 5px;\n width: 100%;\n width: 900px;\n overflow-x: scroll;\n\n}\n\n.table {\n background: lightsalmon;\n width: 1500px;\n height: 100px;\n}\n\nAlso on codepen.", "\nTable inside the table-container is wider so I want to have overflow-x: scroll. ", "The thing is, right now table-container class has width specified with pixels, width: 900px. ", "\nThat works nice but I would like it to stretch to the full available width of the div with class dashboard. ", "However if I add width: 100% to table-container, it destroys the layout and stretches outside of the div with dashboard class along with all the other sibling divs.", "\n\nIt seems like the fix should be simple but so far I haven't been successful.", "\n\nA:\n\nYour idea to use width:100% on table-container is correct. ", "But also use overflow: hidden ( or overflow-x ) on the right-container so the layout isn't modified.", "\nI hope i understood correctly what you wanted. ", "Please check the snippet below.", "\n\n.container {\r\n display: flex;\r\n margin: auto;\r\n max-width: 1300px;\r\n padding: 15px;\r\n background: lightpink;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.left-container {\r\n width: 300px;\r\n background: lavender;\r\n margin-right: 50px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.right-container {\r\n display: flex;\r\n flex-direction: column;\r\n width: 100%;\r\n overflow:hidden;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.header {\r\n display: flex;\r\n background: lightblue;\r\n width: 100%;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.header-item {\r\n flex: 1 1 auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.dashboard {\r\n display: flex;\r\n flex-direction: column;\r\n margin-top: 50px;\r\n max-width: 100%;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.nav {\r\n background: lightgrey;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.table-container {\r\n margin-top: 30px;\r\n background: lavenderblush;\r\n padding: 5px;\r\n width: 100%;\r\n width: 100%;\r\n overflow-x: scroll;\r\n \r\n}\r\n\r\n.table {\r\n background: lightsalmon;\r\n width: 1500px;\r\n height: 100px;\r\n}\n <div class=\"container\">\r\n <div class=\"left-container\">\r\n SIDEBAR\r\n </div>\r\n <div class=\"right-container\">\r\n <div class=\"header\">\r\n <div class=\"header-item\">\r\n HEADER ITEM 1\r\n </div>\r\n <div class=\"header-item\">\r\n HEADER ITEM 2\r\n </div>\r\n </div>\r\n <div class=\"dashboard\">\r\n <div class=\"nav\">\r\n SOME INNER NAVIGATION\r\n </div>\r\n <div class=\"table-container\">\r\n TABLE CONTAINER\r\n <div class=\"table\">\r\n TABLE\r\n </div>\r\n </div>\r\n </div>\r\n </div>\r\n </div>\n\n" ]

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[ "TY - JOUR\nT1 - Structure and Evolution of the <em>r/b</em> Chromosomal Regions in Rice, Maize and Sorghum\nJF - Genetics\nJO - Genetics\nSP - 891\nLP - 906\nDO - 10.1534/genetics.104.034629\nVL - 169\nIS - 2\nAU - Swigoňová, Zuzana\nAU - Bennetzen, Jeffrey L.\nAU - Messing, Joachim\nY1 - 2005/02/01\nUR - http://www.genetics.org/content/169/2/891.abstract\nN2 - The r1 and b1 genes of maize, each derived from the chromosomes of two progenitors that hybridized &gt;4.8 million years ago (MYA), have been a rich source for studying transposition, recombination, genomic imprinting, and paramutation. ", "To provide a phylogenetic context to the genetic studies, we sequenced orthologous regions from maize and sorghum (&gt;600 kb) surrounding these genes and compared them with the rice genome. ", "This comparison showed that the homeologous regions underwent complete or partial gene deletions, selective retention of orthologous genes, and insertion of nonorthologous genes. ", "Phylogenetic analyses of the r/b genes revealed that the ancestral gene was amplified independently in different grass lineages, that rice experienced an intragenomic gene movement and parallel duplication, that the maize r1 and b1 genes are descendants of two divergent progenitors, and that the two paralogous r genes of sorghum are almost as old as the sorghum lineage. ", "Such sequence mobility also extends to linked genes. ", "The cisZOG genes are characterized by gene amplification in an ancestral grass, parallel duplications and deletions in different grass lineages, and movement to a nonorthologous position in maize. ", "In addition to gene mobility, both maize and rice regions experienced recent transposition (&lt;3 MYA).", "\nER -" ]

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[ "On Air\n\nUp Next\n\nANC 's Moses Mabhida Regional Elective Conference postponed again\n\nThe ANC’s Moses Mabhida Regional Elective Conference has been postponed.", "\n\nThe party had announced that the Moses Mabhida and Harry Gwala Regions will hold their conferences starting today.", "\n\nThese two regions have faced some difficult times before as members have not been united, making it hard for the regions to elect their new leaders.", "\n\nSpokesperson, Nomagugu Simelane-Zulu, says the conference cannot go on and will be postponed indefinitely:\n\n\"Due to circumstances that are beyond the control of the PEC, the conference had to be postponed indefinitely until leadership meets and engages with issues. ", "We know that there were issues that were raised by some of our comrades in relation to the planning of the conference. ", "As a result of that, some members went to court to interdict. ", "The leadership than engaged with the comrades who went to court to try and have a settlement or a negotiation with them on what the issues were. ", "As a result of that the leadership decided to postpone the conference until further notice.\"", "\n\nMeanwhile proceedings for the Harry Gwala District elective conference have commenced.", "\n\nThe conference is taking place at the Peace Initiative Hall in Ixopo, South of the province where Deputy Chairperson, Mike Mabuyakhulu, will address the conference.", "\n\nSimelane-Zulu says they don’t foresee any interruptions with Harry Gwala.", "\n\n\"We are on course, we are busy with registration at the moment. ", "We don’t foresee any challenges in Harry Gwala because the plans have been laid out and they are being followed. ", "We met last night where all reports were presented to the comrades who are sitting in the regional counsel and were adopted as a result we believe that the conference will go ahead without any interruptions,\" says Simelane-Zulu." ]

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[ "Q:\n\ndifference between carbon and cocoa?", "\n\nWhat is the difference between carbon and cocoa ? ", "For what type of applications we should use carbon and for what type of applications we should use cocoa ? ", "Which is the best of both for developing applications in Mac OS ?", "\n\nA:\n\nShort answer: For a new application, use Cocoa. ", " Some legacy code may still use Carbon and if you don't need any new capabilities, it will continue to work.", "\nCocoa has an Objective-C API, and can be accessed from C and C++ code easily. ", " Carbon is a pure-C API. ", " There are both Cocoa and Carbon bindings for many other popular languages, but there are often some limitations.", "\nCarbon is evolved from the original API for the original Apple Macintosh (and Apple Lisa) in the early 1980s. ", " Specifically, when Mac OS X was released, Apple was unable to support some of the legacy Mac OS API functions, but provided a subset of legacy APIs called \"Carbon\", to ease the transition for developers who had pre-Mac OS X applications. ", " They added thousands of new APIs and continued to fully support Carbon for several years, before finally deprecating it more recently. ", " They have always said that Carbon is a dead-end and all developers should move to Cocoa.", "\nCocoa has evolved from the NextStep framework that Apple acquired and used as the basis to create Mac OS X. It's the \"native\" API for Mac OS X and the only way to access some of the newest capabilities.", "\n\nA:\n\nCarbon was created to ease the movement to and from Mac OS 8 and 9. ", " If your code needs to run under OS 8 or 9, then Carbon is the way to go. ", " (Source)\nHowever, if your software is designed for OS X, then you should emphasize Cocoa over Carbon. ", " \n\nA:\n\nCarbon is deprecated (it does not and will not exist in 64-bit).", "\nFor new application development, use Cocoa (I'm talking about native OS X application development the Apple-sactioned way. ", " Obviously other alternative choices exist, such as Java, Python, Ruby, etc, which may be effective depending on your project type if a native UI is not required)\n\n" ]

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[ "Tasty Bites for Game Day: Hot Spicy Artichoke Dip\n\nWith the Super Bowl, aka Game Day, in just a few weeks, I’m sharing an updated version of one of my favorite appetizers, Hot Spicy Artichoke Dip. ", "As long as you keep a few jars of artichoke hearts in the pantry, you can make this easy appetizer up at the last minute. ", "This spicy artichoke dip goes well with sourdough crackers, cucumbers, Stone Wheat crackers, any food willing to step aside and let this dip shine.", "\n\nIf you happen to have any of this artichoke dip leftover (and, yes, I recommend making a double batch), it’s super tasty with meats like Corned Beef or as a topping for potatoes. ", "I experimented in interest of giving y’all ideas. ", "Or, just because I could eat the entire dip in one setting.", "\n\nMeet Barb\n\nBarb Hoyer has written 4364 posts.", "\n\nAfter working in the fundraising world for over ten years, Barb is an avid runner, writer, photographer, parent volunteer, and lover of dictionaries and thesauruses. ", "Wife to an engineer and mom to 5 kids, Barb lives in the suburbs of Philly. ", "Her idea of relaxation is an afternoon on the couch with a stack of books.", "\n\nI’ve been making spinach and artichoke dip as long as I can remember – and I have never seen one so simple (mine has 16 ingredients, lol), and with Greek yogurt. ", "I like that this is just artichokes, I’m going to have to give this a whirl, I love quick and easy apps that are full of flavor!Colleen (Souffle Bombay) recently posted..Quick & Easy Buffalo Chicken Stromboli\n\nThis looks really good and really easy, but what makes it spicy? ", "We love dips so I may have to try it:) Thank you for linking up to the Bloggers Brags Pinterest Party. ", "I have pinned your post to the Bloggers Brags Pinterest Board.", "Rachel recently posted..Skincare…What’s That?", "\n\nWow, this sounds so tasty, Barb! ", "I’ve pinned it onto my ‘food’ board on Pinterest. ", "Found you through the ‘Turn it Up Tuesday’ blog hop. ", "We love pecorino in our house, so I’m sure we’d love this too. ", "really glad I’ve found your blog. ", "You seem very energetic and in love with life Lizzy – Muddle-Headed Mamma recently posted..Italian lesson numero due – the signs of the zodiac\n\nThis looks amazing!! ", "Found your recipe at Nap Time Creations. ", "I am one of the hostesses of Tasty Tuesdays and would love you to stop by and link up this recipe if you have not yet already. ", "Here is the link http://bit.ly/1g5mVQa\nLori\n\nYum! ", "We love artichoke dip but I have not made it with Greek yogurt before. ", "Looks delicious and you are right, it is wise to double the recipe! ", "I like the idea of serving it on chicken. ", "We have a pizza from one of the restaruants nearby that has artichokes, chicken, bacon and feta cheese with tomatoes. ", "It is divine. ", "It reminds me of the dip.", "\nBlessings!", "\nDawn\n\nHi Barb,\nI just love your dip, it will be a big hit for the holiday parties. ", "Thanks so much for sharing with Full Plate Thursday and hope you have a great week.", "\nCome Back Soon!", "\nMiz HelenMiz Helen recently posted..Rio Grande Pecan Pie\n\nWhat a great idea! ", "I keep these ingredients in my pantry/fridge all the time, so I can easily make this. ", "Thank you for sharing at #FoodieFridays – I featured this recipe today!Jenny @ Honey and Birch recently posted..I Dip, You Dip #FoodieFridays and DIY LinkUp #29\n\nAll word and picture content here is my own, unless otherwise stated, when credit is given. ", "You are welcome to link here. ", "If you wish to use any of my images please feel free to contact me.", "\n\nA Life in Balance is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nDrupal form editing and conditional fields\n\nI have the following in my template.php file:\nfunction theme098_theme() {\n return array(\n 'email_node_form' => array(\n 'arguments' => array('form' => NULL),\n )\n );\n}\n\nand...\nfunction theme098_email_node_form($form) {\n return drupal_render($form);\n}\n\nI've excluded the code where i actually modify the form and cut it down so that no modifications happen. ", "Two problems occur:\n\nThe order of items (i.e. their weights) is messed up. ", "The save button is at the top etc. ", "Even if I try to edit the form by setting the weight, the save button STILL appears at the top.", "\nThe real problem: Conditional fields doesn't work. ", "For some reason, I think this overwrites what other modules are supposed to do? ", "I'm not sure\n\nCan anyone shed some light?", "\n\nA:\n\n3 things.", "\n\nIn this case you should probably use hook_form_alter(), if you want to change the order or change the form, instead of using a theme function to alter it. ", "Keep presentation and logic separated.", "\nWhen you define theme functions with hook theme, you should call them theme_xxx instead of themename_/ modulename_.", "\nModules (and possible themes) have a weight weight that determines the order they are run with functions like hook_*_alter. ", "Look at the install file for the devel module to see how this is done.", "\n\nOne or more of these things should help you out.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nProve that if $a^2+bc \\neq 0$, then the graph of $f(x)= \\frac{ax+b}{cx-a}$ is symmetric about the line y=x\n\nProve that if $a^2+bc \\ne 0$, then the graph of $f(x)= \\frac{ax+b}{cx-a}$ is symmetric about the line $y=x$.\n\nMaybe this is a simple exercise, but I need help from you guys to understand how is the best way to solve this problem.", "\nReversing the coordinates of a point on the graph of $f(x)$ produce a point in the graph of $f^{-1}(x)$.\n\nA:\n\nJust a different proof:\n$$f(f(x))=\\frac{af(x)+b}{cf(x)-a}=\\frac{a\\frac{ax+b}{cx-a}+b}{c\\frac{ax+b}{cx-a}-a} =\n\\frac{\\frac{a^2x+ab+bcx-ab}{cx-a}}{\\frac{cax+cb-acx+a^2}{cx-a}}= \\frac{a^2x+bcx}{cb+a^2}=x$$\nSo $f(x)$ is its own inverse and so its graph is symmetric respect to $y=x$ (recall that the graph of a function and its inverse are symmetric respect to $y=x$)\n\n" ]

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[ "#define CONCAT_I(a, b) a ## b\n#define CONCAT(a, b) CONCAT_I(a, b)\n#define pixel_t CONCAT(uint, CONCAT(BPP, _t))\n#ifdef GENERIC\n#define NAME CONCAT(generic_, BPP)\n#else\n#define NAME BPP\n#endif\n\nstatic void CONCAT(send_hextile_tile_, NAME)(VncState *vs,\n int x, int y, int w, int h,\n void *last_bg_,\n void *last_fg_,\n int *has_bg, int *has_fg)\n{\n VncDisplay *vd = vs->vd;\n uint8_t *row = vd->server->data + y * ds_get_linesize(vs->ds) + x * ds_get_bytes_per_pixel(vs->ds);\n pixel_t *irow = (pixel_t *)row;\n int j, i;\n pixel_t *last_bg = (pixel_t *)last_bg_;\n pixel_t *last_fg = (pixel_t *)last_fg_;\n pixel_t bg = 0;\n pixel_t fg = 0;\n int n_colors = 0;\n int bg_count = 0;\n int fg_count = 0;\n int flags = 0;\n uint8_t data[(vs->clientds.pf.bytes_per_pixel + 2) * 16 * 16];\n int n_data = 0;\n int n_subtiles = 0;\n\n for (j = 0; j < h; j++) {\n\tfor (i = 0; i < w; i++) {\n\t switch (n_colors) {\n\t case 0:\n\t\tbg = irow[i];\n\t\tn_colors = 1;\n\t\tbreak;\n\t case 1:\n\t\tif (irow[i] !", "= bg) {\n\t\t fg = irow[i];\n\t\t n_colors = 2;\n\t\t}\n\t\tbreak;\n\t case 2:\n\t\tif (irow[i] !", "= bg && irow[i] !", "= fg) {\n\t\t n_colors = 3;\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t if (irow[i] == bg)\n\t\t\tbg_count++;\n\t\t else if (irow[i] == fg)\n\t\t\tfg_count++;\n\t\t}\n\t\tbreak;\n\t default:\n\t\tbreak;\n\t }\n\t}\n\tif (n_colors > 2)\n\t break;\n\tirow += ds_get_linesize(vs->ds) / sizeof(pixel_t);\n }\n\n if (n_colors > 1 && fg_count > bg_count) {\n\tpixel_t tmp = fg;\n\tfg = bg;\n\tbg = tmp;\n }\n\n if (!*", "has_bg || *last_bg !", "= bg) {\n\tflags |= 0x02;\n\t*has_bg = 1;\n\t*last_bg = bg;\n }\n\n if (n_colors < 3 && (!*", "has_fg || *last_fg !", "= fg)) {\n\tflags |= 0x04;\n\t*has_fg = 1;\n\t*last_fg = fg;\n }\n\n switch (n_colors) {\n case 1:\n\tn_data = 0;\n\tbreak;\n case 2:\n\tflags |= 0x08;\n\n\tirow = (pixel_t *)row;\n\n\tfor (j = 0; j < h; j++) {\n\t int min_x = -1;\n\t for (i = 0; i < w; i++) {\n\t\tif (irow[i] == fg) {\n\t\t if (min_x == -1)\n\t\t\tmin_x = i;\n\t\t} else if (min_x !", "= -1) {\n\t\t hextile_enc_cord(data + n_data, min_x, j, i - min_x, 1);\n\t\t n_data += 2;\n\t\t n_subtiles++;\n\t\t min_x = -1;\n\t\t}\n\t }\n\t if (min_x !", "= -1) {\n\t\thextile_enc_cord(data + n_data, min_x, j, i - min_x, 1);\n\t\tn_data += 2;\n\t\tn_subtiles++;\n\t }\n\t irow += ds_get_linesize(vs->ds) / sizeof(pixel_t);\n\t}\n\tbreak;\n case 3:\n\tflags |= 0x18;\n\n\tirow = (pixel_t *)row;\n\n\tif (!*", "has_bg || *last_bg !", "= bg)\n\t flags |= 0x02;\n\n\tfor (j = 0; j < h; j++) {\n\t int has_color = 0;\n\t int min_x = -1;\n\t pixel_t color = 0; /* shut up gcc */\n\n\t for (i = 0; i < w; i++) {\n\t\tif (!", "has_color) {\n\t\t if (irow[i] == bg)\n\t\t\tcontinue;\n\t\t color = irow[i];\n\t\t min_x = i;\n\t\t has_color = 1;\n\t\t} else if (irow[i] !", "= color) {\n\t\t has_color = 0;\n#ifdef GENERIC\n vnc_convert_pixel(vs, data + n_data, color);\n n_data += vs->clientds.pf.bytes_per_pixel;\n#else\n\t\t memcpy(data + n_data, &color, sizeof(color));\n n_data += sizeof(pixel_t);\n#endif\n\t\t hextile_enc_cord(data + n_data, min_x, j, i - min_x, 1);\n\t\t n_data += 2;\n\t\t n_subtiles++;\n\n\t\t min_x = -1;\n\t\t if (irow[i] !", "= bg) {\n\t\t\tcolor = irow[i];\n\t\t\tmin_x = i;\n\t\t\thas_color = 1;\n\t\t }\n\t\t}\n\t }\n\t if (has_color) {\n#ifdef GENERIC\n vnc_convert_pixel(vs, data + n_data, color);\n n_data += vs->clientds.pf.bytes_per_pixel;\n#else\n memcpy(data + n_data, &color, sizeof(color));\n n_data += sizeof(pixel_t);\n#endif\n\t\thextile_enc_cord(data + n_data, min_x, j, i - min_x, 1);\n\t\tn_data += 2;\n\t\tn_subtiles++;\n\t }\n\t irow += ds_get_linesize(vs->ds) / sizeof(pixel_t);\n\t}\n\n\t/* A SubrectsColoured subtile invalidates the foreground color */\n\t*has_fg = 0;\n\tif (n_data > (w * h * sizeof(pixel_t))) {\n\t n_colors = 4;\n\t flags = 0x01;\n\t *has_bg = 0;\n\n\t /* we really don't have to invalidate either the bg or fg\n\t but we've lost the old values. ", " oh well. */", "\n\t}\n default:\n\tbreak;\n }\n\n if (n_colors > 3) {\n\tflags = 0x01;\n\t*has_fg = 0;\n\t*has_bg = 0;\n\tn_colors = 4;\n }\n\n vnc_write_u8(vs, flags);\n if (n_colors < 4) {\n\tif (flags & 0x02)\n\t vs->write_pixels(vs, &vd->server->pf, last_bg, sizeof(pixel_t));\n\tif (flags & 0x04)\n\t vs->write_pixels(vs, &vd->server->pf, last_fg, sizeof(pixel_t));\n\tif (n_subtiles) {\n\t vnc_write_u8(vs, n_subtiles);\n\t vnc_write(vs, data, n_data);\n\t}\n } else {\n\tfor (j = 0; j < h; j++) {\n\t vs->write_pixels(vs, &vd->server->pf, row,\n w * ds_get_bytes_per_pixel(vs->ds));\n\t row += ds_get_linesize(vs->ds);\n\t}\n }\n}\n\n#undef NAME\n#undef pixel_t\n#undef CONCAT_I\n#undef CONCAT\n" ]

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[ "Starting school is a particularly stressful time for kids who have spent the last couple of months enjoying their freedom. ", "For the right-brained child, school represents a particular harsh dose of reality, which can often bring about severe behavioral changes in your child. ", "Many times, the only draw that school has, for the kinds of children I work with, is that they get to once again reunite with their friends. ", "Beyond that, there is usually only suffering implied by the beginning of school. ", "Right-brained children almost always have issues sleeping, and their fears can many times be more intense, than other children’s. ", "All summer long they have been free to sleep later, go to bed later, and wake up free of the anxiety so often prevalent in their school day. ", "The left brained nature of our typical school is very hard for these visual students to easily accommodate to. ", "Many times these children wake up too early, in anticipation of school, and often suffer from headaches, stomachaches, and other anxiety related issues. ", "It is common for the students I work with to start feeling anxiety around the starting of school, a couple of weeks, before they actually begin attending school. ", "Parents often report that their child is more irritable, short tempered and generally hard to be around when school starts. ", "With a left brained child, school is not a major interruption to their lives, indeed they may really look forward to the beginning of school, and actually enjoy the drill, rote, and the orderly sequential nature of the typical American classroom. ", "In contrast, the visual child knows full well what they are getting into in school; which usually consists of insufferable amounts of homework, boring lectures, and having to sit still in one place for a prolonged period of time. ", "Everything about the typical American classroom is difficult for the visual child, and when they reminisce about their earlier school experiences, they many times have a general negative associative feeling about school." ]

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[ "Carlos Beltran is due approximately $18 million this season. ", "Due to a contract stipulation, the Mets cannot offer Beltran arbitration at the end of the season, meaning they cannot be compensated in next June’s draft should he sign with another team.", "\n\nI would think Beltran’s value has certainly increased throughout the season, as he’s shown an ability to not just stay on the field, but also proving he can still produce offensively and play right field proficiently.", "\n\nHaving said that, suppose the Mets decide to try and trade Beltran this summer. ", "That means a new team would have to pay Beltran upwards of $6 million, and as Buster Olney of ESPN points out here, there might not be too many teams willing to pay that much for a summer rental AND trade good prospects in return, even if the Mets pay a portion of the amount owed to Beltran. ", "However, if a good opportunity arises and they can get something of value in return, I wouldn’t be at all surprised if they traded him whether they’re in contention or not. ", "However, if the Mets are going to contend at all this season, they will need Beltran down the stretch.", "\n\nBy the way, Beltran leads the Mets with 60 games played this season, which, considering his status coming into the regular season, is amazing." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWhat the debug_backtrace() exactly works in php?", "\n\nWhile working on one of my PHP project I got a function debug_backtrace() at the start of code file as <?", "php debug_backtrace() || die (\"Direct access not permitted\"); ?", "> . ", "\nWhile studding on it I got some explanation that it works as: \n\nDebugging PHP issues in a Drupal website can be anything from quick\n and easy to seriously problematic. ", "PHP includes a debugging function\n called debug_backtrace , which will print out the chain of code that\n leads up to the point where the backtrace function is called. ", "\n\nAnd When I use var_dump() with debug_backtrace() I got following result:\narray(2) {\n [0]=>\n array(3) {\n [\"file\"]=>\n string(61) \"C:\\xampp\\htdocs\\folder_name\\templates\\default\\models\\home.php\"\n [\"line\"]=>\n int(30)\n [\"function\"]=>\n string(7) \"include\"\n }\n [1]=>\n array(4) {\n [\"file\"]=>\n string(37) \"C:\\xampp\\htdocs\\folder_name\\index.php\"\n [\"line\"]=>\n int(146)\n [\"args\"]=>\n array(1) {\n [0]=>\n string(61) \"C:\\xampp\\htdocs\\folder_name\\templates\\default\\models\\home.php\"\n }\n [\"function\"]=>\n string(7) \"include\"\n }\n}\n\nI didn't get that what debug_backtrace() function exactly work.", "\nPlease anyone explain is welcome. ", "Thanks in advance.", "\nStudied links:\ndebug_backtrace() from registered shutdown function in PHP\nDebugging PHP Code with debug_backtrace\nAssign debug_backtrace() To a variable in PHP\nPrint PHP Call Stack\nHow can I save a PHP backtrace to the error log?", "\n\nA:\n\nGiving a basic example...\n<?", "php\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\nini_set('display_errors', 1);\n\necho \"Start...\";\nprint_r(debug_backtrace());\n\nfunction t1 () {\n echo \"Start t1...\";\n print_r(debug_backtrace());\n\n}\n\nfunction t2() {\n echo \"Start t2...\";\n print_r(debug_backtrace());\n t1();\n}\n\necho \"before calls...\";\nprint_r(debug_backtrace());\nt1();\nt2();\n\nWill output...\nStart...Array\n(\n)\nbefore calls...Array\n(\n)\nStart t1...Array\n(\n [0] => Array\n (\n [file] => /home/nigel/workspace/PHPTest/TestSource/part3.php\n [line] => 22\n [function] => t1\n [args] => Array\n (\n )\n\n )\n\n)\nStart t2...Array\n(\n [0] => Array\n (\n [file] => /home/nigel/workspace/PHPTest/TestSource/part3.php\n [line] => 23\n [function] => t2\n [args] => Array\n (\n )\n\n )\n\n)\nStart t1...Array\n(\n [0] => Array\n (\n [file] => /home/nigel/workspace/PHPTest/TestSource/part3.php\n [line] => 17\n [function] => t1\n [args] => Array\n (\n )\n\n )\n\n [1] => Array\n (\n [file] => /home/nigel/workspace/PHPTest/TestSource/part3.php\n [line] => 23\n [function] => t2\n [args] => Array\n (\n )\n\n )\n\n)\n\nI hope this shows that all the debug_backtrace function does is return what has been called so far. ", " So when you first call t1, it is simply a stack trace of the call to t1. ", " The same for the start of t2, but when t2 calls t1, the trace lists the call to t2 and t1.", "\nBut also as you can see, that debug_backtrace from Start.. shows nothing, as there are no levels of code that have caused this trace to be printed.", "\nIn your case it calls debug_backtrace and uses the or die() to say 'if debug_backtrace returns nothing, then die()'\n\n" ]

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[ "J.B. Holston, CEO, NewsGator\n\nGot RSS? ", "If you're a publisher using the online syndication protocol , sure you do.", "\n\nBut are you making money from your ad model with it?", "\n\nNow there's the rub: How to get more click-throughs back to your content pages and stop being dis-aggregated by the aggregators.", "\n\nWe talked with J.B. Holston, the CEO of NewsGator, for some tips on what publishers are doing with the RSS conundrum.", "\n\nQ: What's your take on the buzz around user-generated content?", "\n\nIt's a terrible term but used a lot these days. ", "We provide ways for publishers to give readers, RSS subscribers to their content, a complete solution -- and not just providing more content, but also to allow their constituents to post and directly create content under the brand.", "\n\nThe newspapers with online sites are starting to let readers read those feeds on the brand. ", "These folks now are looking at ways to give readers the ability to blog directly about the content they receive.", "\n\nNow, they're looking at ways to give their readers a way to comment, post photos, interact and become journalists to some degree on their own.", "\n\nQ: Sounds great but will it really help publishers make money? ", "Or you, for that matter?", "\n\nI think the reason traditional media companies are moving in this direction is because they have to. ", "Folks have an expectation now in that folks are going to create story directly. ", "If you're a traditional media company and you don't give users a chance to actively participate in your content, you're essentially frustrating them.", "\n\nSo with some of our products, it gives readers access to what they want, when they want. ", "It gives them a chance to participate directly. ", "What a lot of media companies are trying to decide is what is the best way for that to happen. ", "Lots of issues that go into that.", "\n\nIf you're an online newspaper, you need workflow methods so you don't harm the brand. ", "So one issue is: How do I integrate that contribution from folks from the brand in an effective way?", "\n\nAnother thing is: how much of that content do I really want to manage? ", "If you let everyone of your readers post anything anywhere, you need to manage that flow so it doesn't hurt the brand. ", "It can be just a ton of work.", "\n\nBut if you can get your readers engaged by having them comment, post reviews, participate in a calendar, essentially, it's the same old story but now you will be generating a lot more pages than you did before.", "\n\nYou're keeping readers on your site and participating somewhere else. ", "And all that typically is being monetized with online publishers through ads. ", "It's a way of keeping your most involved readers onsite rather than pushing them off-site.", "\n\nQ: One conundrum about RSS feeds is accepting ads in a feed. ", "Some readers say \"ugh\" to that and might even unsubscribe from the feed.", "\n\nI think they're all experimenting with that right now. ", "You know, the evolution [with RSS] is that the publishers started to offer them about 18 months ago in response to the portals using RSS, such as My Yahoo.", "\n\nWhat that did is that it told the publishers if they didn't give users opportunities to subscribe to content onsite, they'd run off to My Yahoo and get it there.", "\n\nIf you look at sites like USA Today [a customer of NewsGator], they have about 150 feeds. ", "What they're doing is atomizing their own brand. ", "They're breaking it into little chunks that folks can subscribe to. ", "So they're serving the whole demand curve by offering content any way you want.", "\n\nHaving done that, they're now looking at ways of keeping folks on site and looking at best ways to monetize. ", "There are really three things folks are looking at.", "\n\nOne, if I give the end-user the opportunity to consume content onsite, I'm monetizing the traditional way, and that adds more pages.", "\n\nSecond, if I'm syndicating that content and folks are reading it elsewhere, I'm looking at inserting ads directly into the feeds or in the posts.", "\n\nPeople are just starting to figure that out and it's a delicate issue. ", "Since posts tend to be fairly limited in their content, if every single post has an ad the same size as the post, it's as if they're getting a full-page ad in every other page in a magazine. ", "That's too much for the user.", "\n\nThe third thing they're getting involved with is looking to syndicate their content on a branded basis and partner with other media companies in order to make money. ", "We're working with ad agencies, and their clients to take content provided by traditional media and redistribute widely.", "\n\nAll of this is happening around RSS. ", "They're looking at ways to blow up their own brand and syndicate it broadly. ", "It's to keep readers on the site but find new ways as it gets syndicated.", "\n\nQ: Can you offer an example?", "\n\nOne of our customers is the online site of the San Francisco Chronicle, SFGate.com, which has created feeds around specific topics, such as food, travel, organized by editors.", "\n\nIf you think about what that editor has done, they've organized a bunch of content for anyone who has an interest in food and wine that are the most useful, interesting and valuable.", "\n\nQ: How many RSS feeds do you subscribe to?", "\n\nI subscribe to about 400. ", "But this is pretty much the only place I go to access news content. ", "I've also got a bunch of keyword search feeds so I really use this as my portal into the conversation on any and every topic that I need to track and am interested in. ", "This is how I access it. ", "I don't have much need to go elsewhere, unless I click on something, but it's much more efficient this way.", "\n\nQ: When you're getting those feeds, what about the ads that online publishers want you to look at by coming to their site?", "\n\nWell, when I'm on USA Today I can subscribe to all the same content on the site. ", "That's one way they're addressing it, they're giving me the opportunity to manage my information, my newspaper. ", "They give me the opportunity to do that there.", "\n\nTo the degree I do that, that's more inventory for them, it's more pages for them. ", "But they're also looking at things like inserting ads into the feeds themselves. ", "They're also looking at different models for this, such as syndicating food and wine content from [the San Francisco Chronicle to other places.", "\n\nIt's not just the [newspaper] content they're working with, but all the work the editor's done to round up that information or those articles.", "\n\nIt's all the work the editor has done to find great content. ", "So it might be syndicating an OPML file, or an editor's choice feed, and then finding new ways to make money syndicating that content.", "\n\nAnd it may not be ad based. ", "It may be based more on subscription models, or sponsored models. ", "So folks are experimenting with different ways to take the best economic advantage of that because it's so easy to broadly distribute their content now.", "\n\nBut you're right. ", "It is a challenge. ", "The good news is you can have a much broader audience for your content. ", "But if all you do is throw your content out there and syndicate it and let them go, that's not going to help much in the long run.", "\n\nMost everyone is trying to experiment with new ways of taking advantage of these things. ", "I think everyone's aware that we're at the very early stages of a very different means of interactivity between an individual and content.", "\n\nWe're moving to a world where everyone will get whatever they want and only what they want wherever they want and whenever they want. ", "Traditional intermediaries have got to figure out a way to play in that world and make some money with it.", "\n\nAdvertiser Disclosure:\nSome of the products that appear on this site are from companies from which QuinStreet receives compensation. ", "This compensation may impact how and where products appear on this site including, for example, the order in which they appear. ", "QuinStreet does not include all companies or all types of products available in the marketplace." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWhiptail on boot\n\nJust wondering if it's possible to launch a Whiptail UI on boot without user login.", "\nhttp://linux.die.net/man/1/whiptail\n\nThe examples I have seen display when a user logs in via SSH. ", "I'm looking for the UI to launch in the console window without user login.", "\nThanks for suggestions.", "\n\nA:\n\nOne way to do this is to create a user whose shell is your whiptail program, and configure that user's account to be automatically logged in on TTY1.", "\nOn CentOS 6, you'll want to edit or override /etc/init/start-ttys.conf to not run a default TTY on tty1 (you can see the logic that's already in place to not do this in runlevel 5, and extend it to always be the case -- or use runlevel 5, and make the appropriate changes to block X invocation), and add your own TTY1 handler for the target account with autologin enabled.", "\nThis new config file (to be placed in /etc/init) might look like the following, if you named your account menuuser:\nstop on runlevel [S016]\nrespawn\ninstance tty1\nexec /sbin/mingetty --autologin menuuser tty1\n\n" ]

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[ "What is called diesel combustion, in which fuel is directly injected into compressed air in the combustion chamber, self-ignites, and is burned by diffusion combustion, is advantageous over spark-ignition combustion in its excellent thermal efficiency. ", "Although fuel generally used in diesel combustion is light oil having a relatively low self-ignition temperature, PTL 1, for example, discloses a technology in which natural gas having a relatively high self-ignition temperature is used as fuel in diesel combustion. ", "Specifically, fuel injection is performed in a predetermined region in the combustion chamber in an early or middle stage of the compression stroke, and the air-fuel mixture formed in the aforementioned region is ignited at a time just before the top dead center of the compression stroke, to generate a high-temperature, high-pressure condition enabling self-ignition of natural gas in the combustion chamber. ", "In addition, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in a high-temperature, high-pressure condition for diffusion combustion after the top dead center of the compression stroke.", "\nAttempts for igniting gasoline by self-ignition and burning it by diffusion combustion in spark-ignition gasoline engines have also been made. ", "For example, in the technology disclosed in PTL 2, a first fuel injection is performed in a period in the first half of the compression stroke to form substantially homogeneous air-fuel ratio in the entirety of the combustion chamber, and the air-fuel mixture formed by this fuel injection is spark-ignited. ", "Thereafter, a second fuel injection is performed to burn the fuel thus injected, so that the remaining fuel self-ignites with a rise in the temperature and pressure in the combustion chamber resulting from the burning. ", "This technology can enlarge the operation range in which the occurrence of knocking can be prevented, whereby the advantage of diesel combustion can be enjoyed.", "\nPTL 3 discloses technology pertaining to diesel combustion in a gasoline engine for the purpose of knocking suppression, as with the technology disclosed in PTL 2. ", "Specifically, in a relatively high load operation range of a gasoline engine in which knocking is likely to occur, a first fuel injection is performed in a period before the top dead center of the compression stroke, and the fuel thus injected is burned by spark ignition, and fuel injection for diffusion combustion is performed in a period after the top dead center of the compression stroke in which the pressure in the combustion chamber is high due to the burning. ", "In this technology, the timing of the first fuel injection is adjusted in accordance with the engine speed to achieve combustion favorable for suppression of knocking." ]

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[ "Green is a color that's thought to encourage emotional stability and calmness. ", "Therefore it's believed to help with emotional issues, such as trust, compassion and the ability to cope with change.", "\n\nBrians world is rattled when he learns his name is on the birth certificate of a young girl who was abused. ", "Is Brian really her father? ", "What will come of the young girl? ", "Will either of them ever be ok?", "\n\nAnna Parker a Canadian Backstreet Boys fan has won one of the biggest contests in BSB history…A chance to go on tour with the Backstreet Boys, not only that but to go with them on all their promo trips, and a chance to share a hotel room with each guy (It’d be like a rotation) throughout the tour and promos. ", "Join this young woman on the journey of a life time!", "\n\nWhat I do is what I know. ", "My parents sold me to their owner. ", "I was their get away ticket. ", "I was forced to do something by my owner...and that is why I'm in the position I am now, and yet...he still won't leave my side...no mater all the stuff I'm putting him through.", "\n\nIt’s been brought to my attention that not only is the brain fragile but it’s made nearly entirely of memories. ", "Those memories make and define us. ", "They create who we are, how we react to things, what we say and how we relate to other people. ", "Without even one memory we can’t fully be ourselves.", "\n\nA father's soon to be legacy is thrust upon his son who struggles to maintain the balance of the first deadliest Spanish mafia around back to what his father originally wanted. ", "Can he figure it out with a little help from his friends or continue the pattern of destruction to let it define him?", "\n\nWhen Nick makes a bloody discovery in the Swedish hotel room he was sharing with AJ, he quickly realizes that the F.B.I. (which he's sure stands for the \"effing\" \"bullpoo\" investigators) aren't doing enough to solve it. ", "It's up to Nick to take matters into his own hands -- but he can't do it alone. ", "With fake badges and real guns holstered to their hips, can Frick & Frack pull off impersonating agents or will Officer Lennon - the leggy-but-evil agent already on the case - expose their cover before they figure out who killed AJ McLean?Categories:Fanfiction > Backstreet BoysCharacters: Brian, NickGenres: Action, Drama, SuspenseWarnings: Death, ViolenceSeries: NoneChapters: 20 Table of ContentsCompleted: No Word count: 23732 Read Count: 5861\n\nWant to be an affiliate with Absolute Chaos? ", "Email: mods@absolutechaos.net\n\nDisclaimers (i.e. covering legal butts): All fiction is copyright to the individual writers. ", "Do not copy in whole or in part. ", "All trademarks belong to their respective owners (including but not limited to: Warner Brothers, JK Rowling, Fox Television, Jive). ", "The stories here are intended as entertainment only and are not to be implied as true in any way shape or form. ", "Characters that resemble real people are fictional versions of those people. ", "No harm is intended." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to change class on click using Angular 6\n\n<div><img class=\"login-normal\"alt=\"\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAC8AAAA8AQMAAADMq3HaAAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAA5JREFUeNpjYBgFgx0AAAGkAAF+IKsZAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\"><a class=\"login\"></a></div>\n\nI want to change the class from login-normal to login-sel,\nI have a images on both of the class.", "\nBy on click the class wants to change it was to be in pure angular.", "\n\nA:\n\nIn future, please redact the base64 image, as it throws the code formatting off. :)", "\nThere are many different ways to do this. ", "The simplest would be to have a click handler change the class in your typescript.", "\nIn your component\nimageClass: string = 'login-normal'\n\ntoggleLoginClass(event: MouseEvent | any) {\n event.preventDefault();\n this.imageClass = this.imageClass === 'login-normal' ? '", "login-sel' : 'login-normal';\n}\n\nIn your template\n<div><img (click)=\"toggleLoginClass($event)\" [class]=\"imageClass\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\"><a class=\"login\"></a></div>\n\n" ]

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[ "Wi-Fi could be part of downtown’s future\n\nBARRE — You probably won’t be able to watch Netflix in City Hall Park, but surfing the Internet from your laptop, tablet or smartphone without doing a number on your data plan could soon be an added attraction to historic downtown Barre.", "\n\nPlans to create a free, public Wi-Fi zone in the city’s central business district could come together quickly and a “wireless mesh network” supported by excess bandwidth kicked in by willing Barre businesses may be ready to launch by Memorial Day.", "\n\nLast week members of the city’s information technology committee met with a representative of the Vermont Digital Economy Project to discuss the potential for doing in downtown Barre what has been done — free of charge — in a growing number of Vermont communities over the past several months.", "\n\nCaitlin Lovegrove told committee members the price is right, the city is eligible, and the clock is ticking because the program, which was launched by the Vermont Council on Rural Development and funded with an 18-month federal grant, is scheduled to end in July.", "\n\nDesigned to help bridge the “digital divide” in communities that were hard hit by flooding three years ago, Lovegrove said the project has already facilitated public Wi-Fi zones, similar to the one being discussed in Barre, in eight towns from Bethel to Wilmington, while establishing wireless “hotspots” in six other communities, including Killington and Stockbridge.", "\n\nFour other Wi-Fi projects — the nearest one in Waterbury — are now in the works, and Lovegrove said if Barre wants to be added to a short list, which includes Bennington, Newfane and St. Albans, that decision needs to be made by the end of the month.", "\n\nThe committee is more than a little interested and, from the sounds of it, a touch envious of communities that were quicker to react to the opportunity.", "\n\n“If Royalton has one (a free Wi-Fi zone) we need to get one,” committee member Jeff Tuper-Giles said.", "\n\nThat was the unanimous view of the three-member committee, which needs to discuss whether the city, the Barre Partnership, or some combination of the two would actually own and be responsible for moderating and maintaining a wireless network that — without additional private investment — would encompass City Hall Park and extend as far north up North Main Street as four strategically placed outdoor access points can bounce a shared signal.", "\n\nCommittee chairman Lucas Herring, who walked the downtown with Lovegrove and Dan Jones of the Barre Partnership before the meeting, predicted the proposed network would encompass the core downtown area and likely extend — without any independent upgrade — just beyond Espresso Bueno.", "\n\nAccording to Lovegrove, since the first of the public Wi-Fi projects was launched in Bethel last summer the networks have generated a fair amount of use. ", "More than 20,000 distinct clients have logged on in one of the zones or “hotspots” and have collectively transferred nearly 1,700 gigabytes of information, she said.", "\n\nBecause all of the public networks are relatively new and many are in very small towns, Lovegrove said there are significant swings in average daily usage. ", "She said the “hotspot” in Marlboro is averaging about 10 users a day, while Bethel’s Wi-Fi zone is now averaging 168 unique users a day.", "\n\nDue to its size and the volume of traffic that flows through its downtown on a daily basis, Lovegrove predicted usage of the Wi-Fi zone proposed for Barre wouldn’t take long to take off.", "\n\n“In a town like this I expect it (usage) would explode pretty quickly,” she said.", "\n\nWith the program nearing an end, Lovegrove said she will need an answer from Barre soon.", "\n\n“We’ve got to move quickly on this one,” she said.", "\n\nLovegrove said a consultant could come and do a site survey in an effort to identify optimal locations for access points and reach out to building and business owners to determine if they are interested in participating.", "\n\nAssuming four suitable locations can be locked down, Lovegrove said the hardware could be installed and ready to launch by the end of May.\n\nLovegrove said the city and the partnership could develop a “landing page” that would include yet-to-be-determined terms and conditions users must agree to and create an opportunity to promote local businesses and events.", "\n\nAccording to Lovegrove, the landing page can be a useful tool to reach out to tourists traveling through the community, as well as people who live and work here.", "\n\nHerring said the committee will need to meet one more time to finalize a recommendation that he expects will be submitted to the City Council for its consideration in the next couple of weeks. ", "Though there could be some debate about which entity is responsible for the system, Herring predicted the committee would recommend the city take advantage of the opportunity.", "\n\n“The equipment is free, the installation is free, it’s kind of a no-brainer,” he said.", "\n\nLovegrove said while restrictions limiting bandwidth usage — likely preventing people from watching movies on their mobile devices — are common, and Barre could choose to shut the network during certain hours, it could not ever password protect it or charge people to use it.", "\n\n“You have to keep it free and open to the public,” she said.", "\n\nProvided the licenses are renewed when they expire in five years — a combined cost of $600 for the four access points that have been proposed – those agreements would cover replacing and upgrading any hardware. ", "The grant won’t cover the cost of additional access points, though they could be added if the city, the partnership or private businesses were interested in expanding the proposed Wi-Fi zone. ", "The cost of each access point is approximately $1,400." ]

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[ "As a loyal Virginian all my life, I would just like to say to Marylanders and DCers, naa naa boo boo, stick your head in doo doo.", "\n\nSeriously, idc where the stadium is located as long as it's in the general DMV area. ", "Even though I'm sure Snyder would like to get more support out of Richmond/Virginia Beach, I don't see any way in hell a stadium gets built there. ", "I did read Rick Snider's report that said the National Harbor might be a worthy site, but I'm not ecstatic about that because of no Metro access. ", "I definitely want Metro access if a new stadium does get built.", "\n\n__________________ ....DISCLAIMER: All of my posts/threads are my expressed typed opinion and the reader is not to assume these comments are absolute fact, law, or truth unless otherwise stated in said post/thread.", "\n\nIt only makes sense that the Redskins would build a new stadium in Virginia. ", "Why compete for fans with Maryland who has the Baltimore Ravens? ", "The Redskins should further their ties with the great state of Virginia. ", "The most business friendly state in America, lower taxes than DC or Maryland, more people in Virginia than DC or Maryland. ", "It's time for Virginia to stake claim to the Skins.", "\n\nIt only makes sense that the Redskins would build a new stadium in Virginia. ", "Why compete for fans with Maryland who has the Baltimore Ravens? ", "The Redskins should further their ties with the great state of Virginia. ", "The most business friendly state in America, lower taxes than DC or Maryland, more people in Virginia than DC or Maryland. ", "It's time for Virginia to stake claim to the Skins.", "\n\nWhy not rename them the Virginia Redskins as well?", "\n\nSince when did Virgina make Kool-Aid?If you check the link the Redskins are tied into FedEx for at least 12 more years ,now what do you do with the stadium,Dan Snyder will need the revenue to build a new place ,who will buy it Ravens ..no, U-Maryland..no,Virgina as far as the Skins moving doesn't have a chance,DC would be the better spot if they could go but they can't.", "\n\n__________________ ....DISCLAIMER: All of my posts/threads are my expressed typed opinion and the reader is not to assume these comments are absolute fact, law, or truth unless otherwise stated in said post/thread.", "\n\nIt only makes sense that the Redskins would build a new stadium in Virginia. ", "Why compete for fans with Maryland who has the Baltimore Ravens? ", "The Redskins should further their ties with the great state of Virginia. ", "The most business friendly state in America, lower taxes than DC or Maryland, more people in Virginia than DC or Maryland. ", "It's time for Virginia to stake claim to the Skins.", "\n\nWhy not rename them the Virginia Redskins as well?", "\n\nFootball is full of traditions, this team is and will always be the Washinton Redskins. ", "That is never going to change.", "\n\nMaking the assumption that all MD people are Ravens fan is pretty idiotic IMO. ", "The team wouldn't be stupid enough to lose a fan base in DC and MD by moving the team to VA. ", "The team and its facilities are always going to be somewhere in the DC area, accesible to fans from all three areas.", "\n\nBullsh*t. ", "Talk to folks in VA, especially the Richmond area, they are lukewarm towards a pro-football team. ", "Color me not worried.", "\n\nI call double bull shit. ", "You would say that living in D.C. But with all due respect, SIR, as someone who is a native Richmonder their whole life I'd call you a wack-job for saying Richmonders are luke-warm to a football team. ", "The problem is the city of Richmond is not large enough population-wise to sustain a major NFL franchise. ", "That DOES NOT mean we don't want one. ", "Richmond is an avid Redskins hub. ", "I think it is great that the Skins are expanding into Virginia. ", "Making events more accessible to the rest of Virginia is only going to help grow the fan base and brand.", "\n\nQuote:\n\nOriginally Posted by KERRAKPO9198\n\nIt only makes sense that the Redskins would build a new stadium in Virginia. ", "Why compete for fans with Maryland who has the Baltimore Ravens? ", "The Redskins should further their ties with the great state of Virginia. ", "The most business friendly state in America, lower taxes than DC or Maryland, more people in Virginia than DC or Maryland. ", "It's time for Virginia to stake claim to the Skins.", "\n\nWhy not rename them the Virginia Redskins as well?", "\n\nHaving called BS on 12th Man, I must also say I don't think renaming the Redskins the Virginia Redskins will ever happen. ", "Washington born (via way of Boston), Washington bred, it'll be Washington Redskins 'til long after we're dead. ", "Even if the new stadium is in NOVA the name won't change. ", "They didn't change the name to the Maryland Redskins when Fed Ex Field was built in Landover, Maryland.", "\n\nI abstain because, until the Fedex lease expires, it is a pointless question.", "\n\nI think it makes sense for the redskins to be looking, because between politics, construction and miscellaneous delays, due diligence in finding solid prospective sites is reasonable. ", "But the concept that they would abandon maryland and dc fans for anything further than a site in NoVA is not gonna gain much traction." ]

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[ "Details\n\n- VaporRize woven fabrics place an emphasis on durability and moisture management, leaving you dry, comfortable, and protected out on the trail- Fixed liner shorts with Body Geometry Mountain Chamois are lightweight and breathable, while the chamois adds plenty of comfort and support- Two hand pockets and one zippered pocket provide ample, secure room to house your trail essentials and electronics- Side waist adjustment tabs ensure that the fit of the shorts is easily customizable and dialed-in, even when your pockets are loaded- Deflect UV 50+ protects your skin from harmful, ultraviolet rays- 12” inseam (size 34” waist) falls low and loose near the knee, allowing plenty of room to run pads" ]

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[ "/**\n * Copyright 2011 multibit.org\n *\n * Licensed under the MIT license (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.", "\n */\npackage org.multibit.hd.ui.platform;\n\nimport org.multibit.hd.ui.platform.listener.*;", "\n\nimport java.util.", "HashSet;\nimport java.util.", "Set;\n\n/**\n * <p>Specification value object to provide the following to {@link GenericApplicationFactory}:</p>\n * <ul>\n * <li>Provision of required references to external objects</li>\n * </ul>\n *\n * @since 0.3.0\n *  \n */\npublic class GenericApplicationSpecification {\n\n private Set<GenericOpenURIEventListener> openURIEventListeners = new HashSet<GenericOpenURIEventListener>();\n private Set<GenericOpenFilesEventListener> openFileEventListeners = new HashSet<GenericOpenFilesEventListener>();\n private Set<GenericPreferencesEventListener> preferencesEventListeners = new HashSet<GenericPreferencesEventListener>();\n private Set<GenericAboutEventListener> aboutEventListeners = new HashSet<GenericAboutEventListener>();\n private Set<GenericQuitEventListener> quitEventListeners = new HashSet<GenericQuitEventListener>();\n\n public Set<GenericOpenURIEventListener> getOpenURIEventListeners() {\n return openURIEventListeners;\n }\n\n public Set<GenericOpenFilesEventListener> getOpenFilesEventListeners() {\n return openFileEventListeners;\n }\n\n public Set<GenericPreferencesEventListener> getPreferencesEventListeners() {\n return preferencesEventListeners;\n }\n\n public Set<GenericAboutEventListener> getAboutEventListeners() {\n return aboutEventListeners;\n }\n\n public Set<GenericQuitEventListener> getQuitEventListeners() {\n return quitEventListeners;\n }\n\n}\n" ]

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[ "Hawker Beechcraft confirms T6C+ Texan II for the Mexican Air Force\n\nAs we previously announced some weeks ago, Hawker Beechcraft has confirmed that the Mexican Air Force acquired at least six T6C+ Texan II Advanced Training aircraft to replace the aging Pilatus PC-7 fleet.", "\n\nThis is the company’s official statement:\n\nHawker Beechcraft Signs Contract with Mexican Air Force for Six T-6C+ Trainers\n\nWICHITA, Kan. (Jan. 9, 2012) – Hawker Beechcraft Defense Company (HBDC) today announced the first sale of its new Beechcraft T-6C+ military trainer to the Mexican Air Force (FAM). ", "The T-6C+, an enhanced version of the T-6 military trainer aircraft, is capable of carrying external stores and delivering practice weapons for training purposes. ", "The first two of six contracted FAM T-6C+ aircraft will be delivered to an advanced training base in Mexico’s northern region in early 2012. ", "The new T-6C+ trainers will replace the FAM’s aging PC-7 fleet.", "\n\n“We look forward to providing the Mexican Air Force with the highly effective, ultra-reliable and low-maintenance Beechcraft T-6C+,” said Jim Maslowski, president, HBDC. “", "We see this sale of six aircraft as just the beginning of a long and productive relationship with the FAM.”", "\n\nThe T-6C+ features hard-point wings, Heads-Up Display, Up-Front Control Panel, an integrated glass cockpit and an advanced Esterline CMC Cockpit 4000 avionics suite that greatly expands advanced training opportunities. ", "The systems are integrated with a Hands-On Throttle and Stick (HOTAS), providing the student pilot and instructor with a simpler interface to the digital cockpit. ", "The CMC Cockpit 4000 avionics suite is the first in its class to incorporate a fully integrated and FAA-certified dual FMS/GPS navigation suite that meets the required navigation performance standards for current worldwide airspace equipment. ", "The open architecture design of the Cockpit 4000 provides the flexibility to expand capabilities and continuously meet current and future training needs.", "\n\nIn addition to accommodating instruction in instrument flight procedures and basic aerial maneuvers, the T-6 delivers world-class training capability that is appropriate for teaching the most basic introductory flight training tasks through the more challenging and complex advanced training missions that could previously be accomplished only in far more expensive jet aircraft.", "\n\nDeliveries of the T-6 began in 2000 after the aircraft was initially selected to fill the Joint Primary Aircraft Training System role for the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Navy. ", "Since then, additional military programs worldwide, including NATO Flying Training in Canada, the Hellenic Air Force of Greece, the Israeli Air Force, the Iraqi Air Force and the Royal Moroccan Air Force, have chosen the T-6 and its derivatives as their primary trainers. ", "To date, the T-6 has been used to train pilots, navigators, and weapons systems operators from approximately 20 different countries.", "\n\nHawker Beechcraft is a world-leading manufacturer of business, special mission, light attack and trainer aircraft – designing, marketing and supporting aviation products and services for businesses, governments and individuals worldwide. ", "The company’s headquarters and major facilities are located in Wichita, Kan., with operations in Salina, Kan.; Little Rock, Ark.; Chester, England, U.K.; and Chihuahua, Mexico. ", "The company leads the industry with a global network of more than 100 factory-owned and authorized service centers. ", "For more information, visit www.hawkerbeechcraft.com.", "\n\nTexan II Cockpit\n\nADDENDUM:\n\nMXSECURITY learned that the Mexican Air Force bought an initial batch of ten T6C+ Texan II and that more orders will come in the near term. ", "We don’t know why Hawker Beechcraft is talking of six planes." ]

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[ "Where Are You Birding This First Weekend of December 2010?", "\n\nDecember has arrived, delivering its bounty of holiday frenzy and frozen precipitation. ", "Your experience of this month may of course differ, but mine is colored (white) by the snow already deposited upon my doorstep. ", "But December is a festive month, rich with holiday cheer. ", "It’s also a birdy month in many parts of the world. ", "Are you prepared to embrace the extremes of December? ", "How will you be doing that this weekend and will birding be involved? ", "Share your plans in the comments below!", "\n\nI’m headed down to NYC this weekend to take in the Giants-Redskins game and watch Donovan McNabb get mauled by the Big Blue defense. ", "My New York Metro excursions usually augur avian-aspirational adventures with my former friend Corey, but he decided to head down the North Carolina to chase birds with Nate (still my friend, but if Corey finds a Bachman’s Sparrow, I may reconsider.)", "\n\nMike is a leading authority in the field of standardized test preparation, but he’s also a traveler who fully expects to see every bird in the world. ", "Besides founding 10,000 Birds, Mike has also created a number of other entertaining but now extirpated nature blog resources, particularly the Nature Blog Network and I and the Bird.", "\n\nBlackie Spit tomorrow, perhaps Maplewood Saturday, maybe Stanley Park Sunday: all relatively local. ", "But the appearance this noon of a Northern Hawk Owl at Reifel may change that; I’ve only ever seen one in BC, and it would be a ‘lifer’ for Alison.", "\n\nIf all goes as planned, an organized walk tomorrow morning at Tibbetts Brook Park in Yonkers, NY. (", "Mike, you’re welcome to join us——meeting there at 8:20!) ", "That’s probably all the birding I’ll be able to fit in until I get to Atlanta." ]

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[ "The Effectiveness of Web-Based Interventions Delivered to Children and Young People With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "\nThe prevalence of certain neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has been increasing over the last four decades. ", "Nonpharmacological interventions are available that can improve outcomes and reduce associated symptoms such as anxiety, but these are often difficult to access. ", "Children and young people are using the internet and digital technology at higher rates than any other demographic, but although Web-based interventions have the potential to improve health outcomes in those with long-term conditions, no previous reviews have investigated the effectiveness of Web-based interventions delivered to children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders. ", "This study aimed to review the effectiveness of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Web-based interventions delivered to children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders. ", "Six databases and one trial register were searched in August and September 2018. ", "RCTs were included if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal. ", "Interventions were included if they (1) aimed to improve the diagnostic symptomology of the targeted neurodevelopmental disorder or associated psychological symptoms as measured by a valid and reliable outcome measure; (2) were delivered on the Web; (3) targeted a youth population (aged ≤18 years or reported a mean age of ≤18 years) with a diagnosis or suspected diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder. ", "Methodological quality was rated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for RCTs. ", "Of 5140 studies retrieved, 10 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. ", "Half of the interventions were delivered to children and young people with ASDs with the other five targeting ADHD, tic disorder, dyscalculia, and specific learning disorder. ", "In total, 6 of the 10 trials found that a Web-based intervention was effective in improving condition-specific outcomes or reducing comorbid psychological symptoms in children and young people. ", "The 4 trials that failed to find an effect were all delivered by apps. ", "The meta-analysis was conducted on five of the trials and did not show a significant effect, with a high level of heterogeneity detected (n=182 [33.4%, 182/545], 5 RCTs; pooled standardized mean difference=-0.39; 95% CI -0.98 to 0.20; Z=-1.29; P=.19 [I2=72%; P=.006]). ", "Web-based interventions can be effective in reducing symptoms in children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders; however, caution should be taken when interpreting these findings owing to methodological limitations, the minimal number of papers retrieved, and small samples of included studies. ", "Overall, the number of studies was small and mainly limited to ASD, thus restricting the generalizability of the findings. ", "PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42018108824; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018108824." ]

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[ "Five thousand blackbirds in Arkansas. ", "One hundred pelicans near Jacksonville, North Carolina. ", "Three hundred doves in Italy. ", "Seventy bats in Tucson, Arizona. ", "Thousands of fish in Australia, New Zealand, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brazil and the United States.", "\n\nGoogle is now hosting a map of incidents of mass animal deaths around the world. ", "Google Maps' distinctive blue balloons indicate where the deaths took place. ", "Click on a balloon, and the map provides you with a link to a news report on the incident.", "\n\nAs of Friday afternoon, there were about 30 cases pinpointed on the search engine's mapping site, most of them in the U.S. and Europe.", "\n\nSome might say it's getting spooky - and not just by conspiracy theorist standards - but experts tell CNN Radio that theories of UFOs and secret government weapons are, naturally, far-fetched.", "\n\nIn the case of the Arkansas blackbirds, wildlife buffs have said that a loud noise or other event may have precipitated the blunt-force trauma that killed the birds. ", "Of all the notions about their deaths, Susie Kesielke, curator of birds at the Los Angeles Zoo, believes the theory that fireworks startled the birds is the most plausible.", "\n\n“Blackbirds roost communally in the wintertime, and they sleep more soundly than most animals,” Kesielke said, adding that the birds were shocked awake and extremely disoriented.", "\n\nJonathan Sleeman, director of the National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, Wisconsin, said his office has investigated 16 mass bird deaths in the past 20 years.", "\n\n“This is a bit unusual but not unique,” he explained. “", "Most of the cases involved pesticides or poison ingested by the birds, but trauma has also been found to be the cause of mass bird deaths.\"", "\n\nGood to know experts aren't buying that Armageddon is upon us. ", "Offering even more comfort is the blog Universe Today, which suggests that the deaths aren't so much strange as they are \"a symptom of the digital age where news travels faster than you can say, 'The End is Nigh.' \"", "\n\nIt cites a Time magazine article that details several strange mass animal deaths and wonders \"if the internet age allows us to connect the dots where there are none to be connected.\"", "\n\nAs for connecting dots, the blog suggests that the map on Google could be laid on top of a \"current global oil exploration map to test the hypothesis that the deaths could have been caused by ground-penetrating tomography.\"", "\n\nIn any case, it seems level heads are prevailing for now - at least until scads of humans succumb to spontaneous combustion.", "\n\n“Until the sky turns red and there’s a plague of locusts, this event is not that unusual,” Sleeman said of the blackbirds." ]

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[ "Come fly with me!", "\n\nCan't draw or paint... no problem. ", "We provide stencils and expert instruction so everyone can join the fun.", "\n\nFood and beverages are not included in your ticket price. ", "The Pub offers a great selection of food and beverages that can be purchased during the event. ", "Sorry no outside food or beverages are allowed. ", "Please feel free to email us if you have any further questions. ", "http://www.letspainttonight.com\n\nWhere: The Pub at Chino Hills, 5771 Pine Ave, Chino Hills\n\nWhen: ​ Wednesday, September 20, 2017\n\nPainting: A day at the beach\n\nTime: 7:00-9:30 pm We start seating at 6:30 pm and begin painting promptly at 7:00 pm. ", "Open seating so come early to reserve your seat.​\n\nAdult event: ​18 and over\n\nCancellation Policy: We do not offer refunds. ", "If for you need to make changes to your reservation, please notify us at least 48 hours in advance and we would be glad to reschedule you for another event. ", "We will not reschedule no shows.", "\n\n​Groups: I​f you are attending with a group​ of four or more painters, please email me and we will do our best to reserve seats for you party.", "\n\nBuy your ticket and become a member of LOYALTY PROGRAM. ", "NO LOYALTY POINTS AWARDED FOR GROUPON/LIVING SOCIAL PURCHASES." ]

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[ "The Land of Disney & friends\n\nWe took a trip out to visit my oldest BFF and her family in Huntington Beach, California. ", "You know what’s nearby? ", "Disneyland! ", "The kids didn’t even know that there was such a place. ", "But they know Disney. ", "They know the movies and the characters and the songs. ", "So we knew they would be amazed once they got there. ", "Jeff’s parents were gracious enough to gift us tickets to the land of magic and even let us use their timeshare.", "\n\nWe left the RV and doggie at my mom’s in AZ, rented a car, and took off for the west coast! ", "First on the agenda was to visit Claudia. ", "We have been friends since the 1st grade. ", "Our meeting went something like “Hi, my birthday is June 4th, when is yours?”. “", "MINE toooooooo!” ", "And the rest is history. ", "We hadn’t seen eachother in over 3 years and were long overdue for a visit. ", "We hung out at the condo. ", "We went to the beach. ", "We played miniature golf. ", "We talked and laughed. ", "The kids played and had a sleepover. ", "We may not see eachother or talk as often as we’d like, but seeing the kids interact…mini versions of ourselves…full circle, just makes me happy inside.", "\n\nThere was no mention of Disneyland. ", "I knew if I mentioned it we would have to hear about it every single day until the day we went. ", "So we kept mum. ", "And it was AGONIZING! ", "I also knew they would ask for every single trinket and treasure once we got into the park and let’s be honest, that would break our budget. ", "So I went to the store and bought them some things:\n-a cute necklace & bracelet (so they wouldn’t ask for ones in the park)\n-new purses with matching sunglasses (so they could carry their own things & protect the eyes while we were out all day)\n-a tiny pad of paper, matching tiny pen & stickers (to keep them busy while we were in lines)\n-a light up stick thing from the $1 section (so they could join in during the light parade & we wouldn’t have to spend $20 on something that lit up)\n-fruit strip & granola bar\n\nThe next morning they woke up to their surprises. ", "Then we told them to get dressed because we had somewhere to go: a park. ", "We hopped on the shuttle that led from the resort to the park. ", "Everyone was wearing Disneyland ears, shirts adorned with characters. ", "There was chatter about the park and rides. ", "Still, the girls were clueless. ", "Lilly kept saying “Why are we taking a bus to the park? ", "Why is it taking so long? ", "What is the park?”. ", "A lady overheard and was astonished that we were able to keep it a surprise. ", "The shuttle stopped, we got off and Lilly, perplexed about the lack of this being a park, started to question it until I pointed up at the sign and she read it. “", "Disneyland!”. ", "There was some jumping up and down and excitement just over the word, but really they had no idea what was to come. ", "They were amazed and starry eyed for the rest of the day.", "\n\nWe rode so many rides. ", "We learned about Fast Passes and thanks to a friend’s suggestions (thx Angela if you’re reading this!) ", "we were able to avoid a day of long lines. ", "I think the Dumbo ride may have been our longest wait!", "\n\nWe arrived during the Magic Morning hours where if you paid extra, you get in early. ", "We didn’t do that so we had to wait around a little. ", "But that meant the line to get in was short. ", "But then we got to the Main Street USA area and had to wait for them to let us non special pass holders in. ", "The kids were already wide eyed and amazed. ", "As soon as they let us in, we darted over to Tomorrowland where we attempted to get the kids into the Jedi Training at the Star Wars Launch Bay. ", "Sadly, all of the spots had been taken for the whole day due to the early comers. ", "So we grabbed a FASTPASS for Star Tours and hopped in the quick moving line of Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters. ", "The kids loved zipping around, spinning and shooting the aliens. ", "Smiles on their faces, we went across the way to hop in line for Star Tours. ", "We didn’t even need the fastpass, as the regular line was going very quick at that time of day. ", "This ride was a 3D motion-simulated flight. ", "They LOVED it! ", "Violet giggled with glee as Lilly at 1st denounced this was fake, tried to figure out what was going on over the top of her 3D glasses and then ultimately gave in and squealed with delight. ", "They were hooked on the rides and the lights and the sensations.", "\n\nThe rides and attractions for our day were as follows:\n-Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters\n-Star Tours\n-Astro Orbitor\n-Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage (where Lilly insisted on telling us the WHOLE time that it was fake)\n-Sleeping Beauty Castle\n-Dumbo the Flying Elephant\n-Roger Rabbit’s Car Toon Spin\n-met Pluto\n-Goofy’s Playhouse\n-Gadget’s Go Coaster (where Lilly and I rode in the front seat, hands up!)", "\nThen, snacks depleted & little legs getting tired, we left for a very late lunch/early dinner back at the resort. ", "Once we gained our second wind, bellies full, we went back to the park for more fun! ", "This time we rode:\n-Jungle Cruise\n-Pixie Hollow\n-Mad Tea Party\n-Alice in Wonderland\n-Buzz Lightyear\n-Star Tours\n-watched a small portion of the light parade\n\nAnd then, we missed the last shuttle back to the resort. ", "So we walked home. ", "That’s right, we hadn’t walked enough, so we walked the 1 mile back to our place." ]

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[ "Article content\n\nEDMONTON — If the Ottawa Redblacks win the Grey Cup on Sunday and they make a movie about it, linebacker Kyries Hebert already has a title picked out.", "\n\nIt comes from an article he saw this summer.", "\n\nWe apologize, but this video has failed to load.", "\n\ntap here to see other videos from our team. ", "Try refreshing your browser, or The CFL's last renegade talks about anger, McDonald's and his quest for a cup Back to video\n\n“‘The Last Renegade,”‘ he said with a smile Friday. “", "I looked at that and that’s pretty cool. ", "That would be a great title for a movie.”", "\n\nIt’s fitting for Hebert, the last remaining Ottawa Renegade in the CFL after that team folded in 2006.", "\n\nThe players were dispersed to other teams and Hebert moved on to Winnipeg, then Cincinnati, then Hamilton, then Montreal.", "\n\nNow back in Ottawa, he credits the city for saving his football career.", "\n\nAfter a standout stint as a defensive back with the University of Louisiana at Lafayette Ragin’ Cajuns, Hebert tried out for the NFL’s Minnesota Vikings in 2002, but was cut.", "\n\nHe caught on with the Houston Texans for the remainder of that season, but was injured and released.", "\n\n“I was unemployed in 2003 coming off an injury … and didn’t know when my next football snap was going to be,” he recalled." ]

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[ "Timeline\n\nMatch Stats - Team Stats\n\nAction Areas\n\nMelbourne Rebels Impress Against Sunwolves\n\nA hat-trick from Jack Maddocks inspired the Rebels to a 37-17 bonus-point victory over the Sunwolves at Prince Chichibu Memorial Stadium.", "\n\nThe big difference between the sides was the set-piece, with the Sunwolves' lineout frankly abysmal at this level of rugby.", "\n\nAlso not helping the Japanese side's cause was the fact that they were experiencing something of an injury crisis despite it being so early in the competition, losing three players to the bench in the opening twenty minutes alone, seriously testing their depth especially considering last weekend's injuries.", "\n\nAs they were outclassed at set-piece and upfront, all the Sunwolves could do was try play the sort of fast-paced, unstructured rugby that has become the Japanese trademark.", "\n\nMeanwhile, Rebels winger Sefa Naivalu was proving a threat everytime he got the ball, flooring two players in separate carries early on and it was the Fijian-born flyer who set up the game's first try.", "\n\nFull-back Dane Haylett-Petty did well to retain possession after a massive hit on him in midfield. ", "The ball was quickly shifted left with Jack Maddocks' long pass finding Naivalu close to the touchline, who brutally bumped off his defender in the one-on-one contest and galloped 40 metres down the left wing, before returning the favour to find Maddocks on the inside who had the easy run-in to the line.", "\n\nSoon after, the Rebels doubled their lead when the Sunwolves butchered their third successive lineout, Sunwolves hooker Shota Horie overthrowing again. ", "Once again, the ball was quickly shifted to the left side, where quick hands from Maddocks found Amanaki Mafi, who showed an impressive set of heels to dot down.", "\n\nWith 25 minutes gone, the Sunwolves got on the board after a high tackle on their New Zealand lock Sam Wykes. ", "Ryoto Nakamura made no mistake with the penalty to cut the deficit to seven at 10-3.", "\n\nWith five minutes to go until the interval, the Sunwolves levelled matters as the Rebels were punished for overplaying. ", "After the Rebels had turned over possession, Genia went wide quickly looking to hit the hosts on the break again. ", "But this time, it backfired as\n\nTimothy Lafaele read Haylett-Petty's pass to intercept and sprint in under the posts from his own half as the sides went in to the interval at 10-10.", "\n\nGenia showed what a world-class scrum-half he is in making space for his outside backs as Naivalu sauntered over for his brace. ", "It all came off the back of a strong Rebels scrum in centre field. ", "Genia shifted his position off the back of the scrum at the last moment, making space for himself and catching the Sunwolves defence off-guard. ", "He spun a long pass out to Maddocks, who provided the final pass for Naivalu on the overlap on the left wing in the 43rd minute.", "\n\nMaddocks then grabbed his brace in the 48th minute, finishing off a superb backline move that featured slick passing, running off the ball and handling.", "\n\nSoon after, the Rebels scored off the back of a scrum once again. ", "This time, however, they went right, Genia positioning himself on the opposite side of another strong set-piece. ", "The Wallabies scrum-half found fellow Wallaby Reece Hodge, whose clever inside pop pass found Maddocks, who ran on to the ball with serious momentum, breaking clean through the Sunwolves defence and dotting down for his hat-trick after 53 minutes for a 30-10 lead.", "\n\nWith five minutes to go, Haylett-Petty received a yellow card for his third offside in a row, having been warned by referee Egon Seconds.", "\n\nThe Sunwolves were finally rewarded for a period of sustained pressure in which they were camped on the Rebels line for ten minutes when they grabbed a consolation try with two minutes left on the clock as Ed Quirk went over from close range after good work done by the Sunwolves forwards in the close quarters.", "\n\nHowever, the Japanese side were unable to secure the losing bonus point by scoring again as there was still time for the Rebels to go up the other side of the field and claim a penalty try as try-scorer Quirk was yellow-carded for a deliberate knockdown when the men from Melbourne looked set to score with two players free on the overlap.", "\n\nThis meant the Rebels ran out 37-17 winners and won by a twenty-point margin to secure their second successive victory and remain unbeaten in this year's Super Rugby competition." ]

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[ "Adverse drug events in the elderly.", "\nIncreasing recognition of the burden associated with iatrogenic disease has led to international interest into how best to promote patient safety. ", "Within this field, the subject of adverse drug events (ADEs) has received particular attention, this reflecting the known high frequency with which such events occur, particularly in the elderly. ", "We conducted a narrative review summarizing epidemiological data on medication-related adverse events in elderly people, considering various known causes of such events and suggesting practical ways in which prescribing can be made safer for high-risk populations. ", "There is an increasing recognition that a relatively high proportion of ADEs in the elderly may be preventable. ", "Systems issues have been found to play a particularly powerful role in this context, resulting in several promising approaches to address the problem. ", "Relatively simple system changes have the potential to reduce the burden associated with medication-related adverse events in the elderly." ]

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[ "Determination of the activity of catalase using a europium(III)-tetracycline-derived fluorescent substrate.", "\nA one-step method is described for the fluorometric determination of the activity of the enzyme catalase (EC 1.11.1.6.), ", "based on the finding that H(2)O(2) in the europium (III)-tetracycline-hydrogen peroxide system is consumed by catalase. ", "This is accompanied by a large decrease in both fluorescence intensity and decay time. ", "The limit of detection (LOD; at S/N=3) for catalase at 30 degrees C for a 10-min kinetic assay is 1.0 unit/mL, with a linear range from 1.0 to 10 unit/mL. At an incubation time of 30 min at 37 degrees C for a one-point assay, the LOD is 0.046 unit/mL, with a linear range from 46 to 400 munit/mL. The assay was performed on microtiterplates and is fully compatible with existing plate readers. ", "It is a one-step, simple, and sensitive method suitable for both continuous kinetic and one-point detections, does not require the addition of other substrates, and works best at neutral pH (with an optimum at pH 6.9). ", "The reagent has the typical spectral features of a europium-ligand complex including a large Stokes shift (210 nm), a red line-like emission (centered at 616 nm), and a decay time in the microsecond domain. ", "It is also the first europium-based probe that is compatible with the 405-nm diode laser. ", "In summary, the new assay provides distinct advantages over direct ultraviolet detection and over the two-reagent (peroxidase) method." ]

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[ "In a typical multi-layer and/or multi-level interconnect system, peripherals, memory, and/or other slave components are addressed by a master component (e.g., processor, server, interface device, etc.) ", "using a system memory map. ", "As is well known, a memory map is essentially a data structure, often residing in memory itself, which is used for defining how an operating system allocates (i.e., shares) the main memory space in the system.", "\nIn general, some peripherals are specific to a corresponding master, and other peripherals are shared among multiple masters. ", "All masters and slaves generally interact with one another using defined bus protocols. ", "Typical access logic between masters and slaves include protocol conversion, bus arbitration, peripheral address decoding, protection checks, etc. ", "Unfortunately, conventional approaches to master/slave interaction are often complex and utilize significant area in an integrated circuit (IC), among other disadvantages." ]

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[ " FILED\n NOT FOR PUBLICATION JAN 21 2011\n\n MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK\n UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS\n\n\n\n\n FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT\n\n\n\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. ", "10-30053\n\n Plaintiff - Appellee, D.C. No. ", "6:07-cr-00013-DWM\n\n v.\n MEMORANDUM *\nJOHN ERIC CARPEGNA,\n\n Defendant - Appellant.", "\n\n\n\n Appeal from the United States District Court\n for the District of Montana\n Donald W. Molloy, District Judge, Presiding\n\n Submitted January 10, 2011 **\n\nBefore: BEEZER, TALLMAN, and CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges.", "\n\n John Eric Carpegna appeals from the 97-month sentence imposed following\n\nhis guilty-plea conviction for receipt of child pornography, in violation of 18\n\nU.S.C. § 2252A(a)(2). ", "We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we\n\naffirm.", "\n\n *\n This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent\nexcept as provided by 9th Cir. ", "R. 36-3.", "\n **\n The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision\nwithout oral argument. ", "See Fed. ", "R. App. ", "P. 34(a)(2).", "\n\f Contrary to Carpegna’s contention, this Court’s remand did not require or\n\nauthorize the district court to hold a resentencing hearing; it required that the\n\ndistrict court hold a hearing to make a discretionary determination as to which of\n\nthe two convictions to vacate. ", "See United States v. Carpegna, 349 F. Appx. ", "125,\n\n127 (9th Cir. ", "2009); see also Ball v. United States, 470 U.S. 856, 864 (1985)\n\n(“[T]he only remedy . . . ", "is for the District Court, where the sentencing\n\nresponsibility resides, to exercise its discretion to vacate one of the underlying\n\nconvictions.”).", "\n\n United States v. Hector, 577 F.3d 1099, 1103-04 (9th Cir. ", "2009), relied on\n\nby Carpegna, does not require or allow a resentencing hearing. ", "Hector merely\n\nrecognized that the district court must exercise its discretion to determine which\n\nunderlying conviction to vacate. ", "Id. at 1103.", "\n\n Finally, 18 U.S.C. § 3742(g) does not require resentencing because 18\n\nU.S.C. § 3742(f) does not apply here. ", "This court’s remand addressed the\n\nlawfulness of the dual convictions, not the lawfulness of the sentence imposed for\n\nreceipt of child pornography. ", "See Carpegna, 349 F. Appx. ", "at 127; see also Ball,\n\n470 U.S. at 864-65 (making clear that it is the second conviction that is unlawful).", "\n\n AFFIRMED.", "\n\n\n\n\n 2 10-30053\n\f" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nMeaning of a conversation \"if it isn't sweet little\"\n\nI was watching an episode of an anime. ", "I came across a conversation which seemed to be confusing. ", "The conversation was between two girls who were each other's competitors. ", "Ursula and Dawn are the names of those two girls. ", "Ursula and Dawn have taken part in a contest. ", "Dawn wins the first round of that contest. ", "After winning, she meets Ursula backstage and have a conversation.", "\nThe conversation was this-:\nUrsula - My, My, what do you know? ", "If it isn't sweet little Dawn.", "\nDawn - Ursula!", "\nUrsula - I have the less than great pleasure of seeing your performance yesterday; as usual sheer dumb luck appears to have gotten you pass the first round. ", "I hate to burst bubble but you are hardly capable of winning the final round.", "\n----------------------------------------------------------------\nThe video link is here; the dialogue took place at 4:33 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_ruXTg9Jfw&feature=youtube_gdata_player\nI could not understand what Ursula meant by if it isn't sweet little Dawn. ", "What did she mean to say? ", "Is that an idiom?", "\n\nA:\n\nThis is an example of sarcasm. \"", "Sweet\" is a generally positive word and \"little\" can also have an affectionate meaning. ", "In this context, Ursula is being sarcastic, so the phrase is intended to be insulting.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Émile Eudes\n\nÉmile Eudes (1843–1888) was a French revolutionary, Blanquist socialist and participant in the Paris Commune.", "\n\nEarly life\nÉmile Eudes was born on 12 September 1843 in Roncey in the English Channel. ", "He began his medical studies in Saint-Lô and subsequently moved to Paris to specialize in pharmacology. ", "As a convinced republican, he rejected the Second French Empire of Napoléon III. ", "As a physician and man of science, he subscribed to the materialist philosophy then current. ", "He was also strongly anti-clerical. ", "He became associated with the 'free thinkers', a humanistic, non-religious movement associated with the exiled Victor Hugo. ", "In 1866, Eudes became managing editor of the journal La Pensée Libre (Free Thought). ", "He also briefly ran a progressive bookstore and became a freemason. ", "Along with other free thinkers, he joined the French section of the First International. ", "However, Eudes was drawn to a more radical ideology than the humanism of Hugo or the Mutualist doctrine of the followers of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who dominated the French section of the International. ", "He joined the revolutionary socialist followers of the imprisoned veteran revolutionary Louis Auguste Blanqui. ", "His associates included radicals like Ernest Granger, Gustave Tridon and Anne and Victor Jaclard. ", "In 1865, the Blanquists managed to organise Blanqui's escape from prison to Belgium.", "\n\nThe Paris Commune\nIn August 1870, Eudes was one of the ringleaders of an unsuccessful Blanquit insurrection at La Villette, a district of Paris. ", "The Franco-Prussian War was then raging. ", "Eudes, who had already had several prior arrests, was captured and sentenced to death. ", "However, on 1 September, Napoléon III lost the battle of Sedan and was captured by the Germans. ", "On 4 September the Third Republic was proclaimed. ", "Eudes was released from prison. ", "He became commander of the 138th battalion of the National Guard and helped to organize the defence of Paris against the Germans. ", "He joined the Republican Central Committee of the Twenty Districts, which co-ordinated the activities of diverse socialist, anarchist and republican groups and prepared the ground for the Paris Commune. ", "\n\nEudes was vehemently opposed to the peace negotiations undertaken by the new republican government of Adolphe Thiers. ", "On 31 October 1870 he took part in an unsuccessful uprising against Thiers' Government of National Defence. ", "He was not among those captured as a result. ", "On 18 March he was at it again, leading the National Guard of Belleville in an occupation of city hall. ", "He tried, but failed, to persuade his comrades to attack the national government at Versailles. ", "On 24 March the Central Committee of the National Guard appointed Eudes Commissioner of War, along with Émile-Victor Duval and Paul Antoine Brunel. ", "On 26 March he was elected to the General Council of the Paris Commune. ", "He served on the Commune's Executive Commission and on the War Commission. ", "He was given the rank of general for his efforts in defence of Paris. ", "The most notable of these efforts, however, was the offensive of the Commune against the Versailles government on 3 April 1871. ", "This offensive failed disastrously. ", "In May, Eudes voted with the majority to establish a Committee of Public Safety, modelled on that of the first French Revolution, and became one of its members.", "\n\nEudes participated actively in the fighting during the Bloody Week (Semaine sanglante), 22–28 May, that marked the Paris Commune's last stand. ", "Somehow, he escaped the savage suppression which followed (mass arrests, summary mass executions). ", "He escaped first to Switzerland and then to London; meanwhile, a French military tribunal sentenced him to death in absentia.", "\n\nLast Years\nIn London, General Eudes, as he was known, lived in poverty. ", "He took part in some of the affairs of the First International and once received a letter from Karl Marx. ", "A general amnesty for Communards in 1880 enabled him to return home. ", "He resumed his political activities. ", "He contributed to the Blanquist journal Ni Dieu ni Maître (Neither God nor Master) and co-founded L'Homme Libre (The Free Man) with Édouard Vaillant. ", "He became a member of the Blanquist Central Revolutionary Committee, founded in 1881. ", "On 5 August 1888, Eudes was holding a particularly vehement speech at a meeting at the Salle Favié, when he suffered a cerebral haemorrhage due to an aneurism and died. ", "He was buried at the Père Lachaise cemetery. ", "His grave stone includes a bust of him.", "\n\nSources\n Menard, J.-L., Emile Eudes, 1843-1888: Général de la Commune et Blanquiste. ", "Dittmar: Paris, 2005.", "\n Noël, B., Dictionnaire de la Commune de Paris. ", "Flammarion: Paris, 1978.", "\n The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. ", "Moscow, 1979.", "\n\nNotes\n\nCategory:French socialists\nCategory:Members of the International Workingmen's Association\nCategory:People of the Paris Commune\nCategory:1843 births\nCategory:1888 deaths\nCategory:People from Manche\nCategory:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery" ]

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[ "更新\n\n福岡県出身の大相撲琴奨菊関ら佐渡ケ嶽部屋所属の力士が２８日、同県朝倉市の市立久喜宮小を訪れ、７月の九州北部の豪雨で被災した児童に手製のちゃんこ鍋を振る舞った。", "\n\n２６日に九州場所を終えたばかりの琴奨菊関と若手力士十数人は朝から校内の家庭科室で仕込みを始め、部屋直伝のちゃんこ鍋「鶏の塩炊き」を調理。琴奨菊関は「夢を諦めずに前へ進むという気持ちを届けに来た」と話した。", "\n\n久喜宮小の敷地内には志波小と松末小の２校が仮設校舎を設けており、３校の児童や教諭計約１３０人が参加した。志波小６年の田中晴翔君（１２）は「ごま油の風味がきいていてとてもおいしかった。心まで温かくなった」と笑顔で話した。 ", "ちゃんこ鍋を食べた後、児童らは力士と腕相撲をして交流を楽しんだ。" ]

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[ "Tag: Orthodontic Services\n\nOver the years, the Singapore dental health sector is becoming more significant to the residents and travelers of the city. ", "Some reports indicate that the total of the number of visits increased by thousands in 2015 as compared a year before period. ", "These reports don’t even include the total number of visits made by people…" ]

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[ "This is my very 1st visit to your journal thanks for having me. ", "I love this picture of the snow in your journal its beautiful. ", "I would like to say that your journal is quite beautiful. ", "Your pictures are just as wonderful. ", "I am glad I dropped by to say hello. ", "I will be back soon. ", "I also keep a journal titled \" Dear Diary\" Please drop by and say hello." ]

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[ "...Coastline coupe is additionally recommendable, establishing just lower than $24,000. ", "Your SE version starts out nearer to $25,000, and your Beetle Dune may make a unique affirmation around $28,000. …" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nPHP Unify duplicate array\n\nin my PHP code I have many array like this:\n0 = ['attr_id':1,'name':'qty','value':'100'];\n1 = ['attr_id':1,'name':'qty','value':'200'];\n2 = ['attr_id':1,'name':'qty','value':'500'];\n3 = ['attr_id':2,'name':'price','value':'10$'];\n\nI want merge this array like this:\n0 = ['attr_id':1,'name':'qty','value':['100','200','500']];\n1 = ['attr_id':1,'name':'price','value':'10$'];\n\ncan you guys help me please?", "\nthanks\n\nA:\n\nThis should be simpler. ", " Build the result using the attr_id as the index and append the value:\nforeach($array as $values) {\n $result[$values['attr_id']]['value'][] = $values['value'];\n $result[$values['attr_id']] = $result[$values['attr_id']] + $values;\n}\n\nIf you need to reindex, just use array_values() on the $result.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Molded plastic parts are used extensively in many products and assemblies. ", "As known to those skilled in the art, maintaining relative consistency in thickness can improve surface finish. ", "So called “divots” or “sinks” can be formed in a surface opposite to an extension or projection. ", "In some situations the presence of a surface divot or sink is of no consequence. ", "However, when surface finish is important, a sink or divot may be unacceptable. ", "Hollowing the interior of a large or thick part can avoid the formation of a sink or divot by establishing greater consistency in thickness of the part along the visible surface for which surface finish is important.", "\nHollowing a part also reduces the weight of the part, which can be important and advantageous for a part that is lifted, moved or otherwise manipulated during use. ", "Hollowing a part can also improve strength by establishing an interior surface for the molded part, which improves overall strength of the part.", "\nAutomobile door handle assemblies can take advantage of the aforementioned qualities, including improved surface finish, reduced weight and improved strength achieved by hollowing thicker portions of the handle components. ", "Processes to hollow some types of parts, including vehicle door handle components, have met with some success; however the processes have not always been efficient or consistent. ", "In some processes, hollowing is achieved by injecting an inert gas, such as nitrogen, into the still molten material through a gas inlet and forcing or displacing an interior volume of the still-molten material through an evacuation site. ", "Locating the gas injection site and the molten material evacuation site can be difficult. ", "Localized curing or hardening can block the injection and evacuation sites. ", "In some processes, multiple gas injection sites or material evacuation sites have been needed. ", "As a result, hollowing can be inconsistent, leading to finished surface irregularities, parts with localized weaknesses or parts with uneven weight distributions.", "\nIn a variation of the aforedescribed gas injection evacuation process, sometimes referred to as a “short shot” process, molten material is injected to partially fill the mold, followed by a shot of injected inert gas to create a hollow in the material of the first shot. ", "This is then followed by another shot of molten material to further fill the mold, with an additional shot of the inert gas to hollow the second portion of filled material. ", "This variation can lead to further irregularities as cooling occurs along the interface between shots of molten material, and cooling also can cause the material to pull away from the tool surface, thereby creating other types of surface irregularities.", "\nAccordingly, a process to produce hollowed parts of injection molded plastic that provides design flexibility, consistency and improved surface finish will provide advantages." ]

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[ "Contributors to log15:\n\n- Aaron L \n- Alan Shreve \n- Chris Hines \n- Ciaran Downey \n- Dmitry Chestnykh \n- Evan Shaw \n- Péter Szilágyi \n- Trevor Gattis \n- Vincent Vanackere \n" ]

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[ "Not what it sounds like.", "\n\nIn the interest of expanding my bank account authorial frontiers, I recently decided to try my hand at writing reviews. ", "Valve’s recent Alien Swarm release was my first target, and my verdict is now up on CrispyGamer. ", "Huzzah!", "\n\nOf course, people like reviews to be timely, and Alien Swarm came out over two weeks ago. ", "I blame, uh, the editorial process. ", "Anyway, go read. ", "Then go play.", "\n\nScratch that: For the benefit of your teammates, read my PSA on How Not to Cure Infestation. ", "Then go play, once you have been instructed in the delicate art of not killing your friends. ", "You’re welcome.", "\n\nThe other warthog tore around the corner at full throttle, military treads cutting four deep gouges through the hard-packed snow, and skidded right into my crosshairs. ", "I slammed down the trigger and unleashed a merciless hail of lead from the turret’s .50 caliber guns. ", "Even as they swerved wildly for the nearest cover, I knew their light armor never stood a chance; after two hellish seconds I released the trigger, letting the barrels spin to a halt. ", "Another would-be challenger was no more.", "\n\nThe game was Halo: Combat Evolved. ", "The map, Ice Fields. ", "The mission…well, it was a race, so the mission was just to go around in circles really fast. ", "But my teammate in the driver’s seat was handling that job; I was manning the warthog’s rear-mounted M41 Vulcan machine gun. ", "My mission was to kill anything that moved. ", "His precision maneuvering and my itchy trigger finger kept us near the head of the pack for several laps, but there was another warthog team ahead of us that had so far managed to stay maddeningly out of range for the whole game.", "\n\nCertain people—you know who you are—have been asking me whether I have a Twitter account. ", "And then asking me why I don’t have a Twitter account, before transitioning smoothly into demanding that I get a Twitter account. ", "People, this is annoying. ", "Twitter is annoying. ", "I am annoyed.", "\n\nWould it help if I explained my position on this? ", "Here it is: I don’t do brevity. ", "It generally takes me at least twelve hundred words and half a dozen screenshots to properly articulate myself, so I refuse to even consider doing it in 140 characters. ", "For God’s sake, the internet isn’t even supposed to have space restrictions; that’s half the reason I’m here! ", "But, if you absolutely insist, here is your daily dose of stupid: My blog, as it would appear on Twitter.", "\n\nWhat’s that? ", "Why, it’s a DEATH SPORK, of course! ", "I wrote an article about it, but you won’t find it here. ", "It’s in a guest piece over at Second Person Shooter. ", "Go read it, lest you never find out the true origins of the Spork.", "\n\nNormally when I write I try to make a point, or make my audience think, or just appear smarter than I actually am. ", "This is not one of those times. ", "If you absolutely must take something away from this, here it is: Trash talk and roleplaying are two great tastes that taste great together!", "\n\nSee, lately Kent Sutherland and I have been playing a lot of Neptune’s Pride, an eight-way galactic free-for-all of an online strategy game for which the phrase “diplomatic clusterfuck” seems just barely adequate. ", "The game is itself a treacherous beast that thrives on paranoia and trust issues, and believe me when I say that makes for an entertaining postgame writeup. ", "Oh, did I mention that we’ll be doing a postgame writeup? ", "That’s coming sometime in the fairly distant future; for now I offer you this excerpt from our correspondence as a taste of things to come:\n\nYes, you. ", "Even if you’ve never made a game before, you totally thought about it that one time. ", "And it would have had an inventory system. ", "And that system? ", "It would have sucked.", "\n\nThat felt good. ", "And now that I’m done making absurd generalizations, maybe I should explain to you patient readers what I’m talking about: I’m talking about realism. ", "And tradition. ", "I’m talking about collective blindness to fact; a mass delusion that plagues nearly the entire game industry, trading a chance at unfettered enjoyment for slavish obedience to an ancient custom.", "\n\nI’m talking about inventory systems, and I reserve the right to be as melodramatic as I please.", "\n\n…Apart from the obvious, I mean. ", "Mass Effect is simply an excellent series; anyone who doesn’t love it just has no taste for the genre. ", "But I could never just leave it at that. ", "I have this pathological need to define everything I like, ideally in the nerdiest possible terms." ]

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[ "A Mexican citizen has been arrested in Florida for allegedly working as a Russian agent to get information on the U.S. government, the Justice Department said Tuesday.", "\n\nHector Alejandro Cabrera Fuentes was allegedly recruited by a Russian contact and flew into Miami International Airport last Thursday to locate and get the license plate number of a vehicle used by a U.S. government source.", "\n\nHis Russian handler had given Fuentes the assignment when he flew to Russia earlier this month, a DOJ statement said.", "\n\nFuentes was spotted by security guards when he located the car by tailgating another vehicle into a condo complex where the source lives. ", "Fuentes' wife took a photo of the license place shortly before they were asked to leave the premises.", "\n\nUS ACCUSES HUAWEI OF SPYING ON MOBILE PHONE USERS\n\nThe suspect was also supposed to meet his Russian contact in Russia again in April or May to relay the information.", "\n\nInvestigators stopped Fuentes and his wife at the Miami airport Sunday and found a recently deleted photo of the license plate on his wife’s phone as they attempted to fly back to Mexico.", "\n\nHe then admitted he asked her to take the photo, the release said.", "\n\nInvestigators said they also found incriminating WhatsApp messages on his phone with his handler about the assignment.", "\n\nFuentes admitted the Russian contact initiated and directed the meetings, the DOJ said.", "\n\nFuentes was allegedly recruited last year and told to rent an apartment in Miami under a fake name.", "\n\nHe has been charged with acting within the United States on behalf of a foreign government, without notifying the attorney general, and conspiracy to do the same, the DOJ statement said.", "\n\nCLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP\n\nFuentes was booked into a Federal Detention Center in Miami without bond as he’s considered a flight risk, Miami FOX affiliate WSVN-TV reported.", "\n\nHe currently lives in Singapore.", "\n\nFuentes is scheduled to appear in court Friday." ]

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[ "Recently, multi-antenna communication such as MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) has attracted attention as a technology that enables large volumes of data to be transmitted at high speed. ", "It has consequently been considered possible to achieve extremely high-speed data transmission by combining OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and multi-antenna communication. ", "However, data error rate characteristics degrade unless highly precise propagation path compensation and interference compensation are carried out on the receiving side.", "\nThus, with this kind of OFDM communication method, a received signal with good error rate characteristics can be obtained by creating pilot carriers by superimposing known signals such as pilot symbols on predetermined subcarriers on the transmitting side, as shown in FIG. ", "1, and compensating for propagation path distortion such as frequency offset of each subcarrier on the receiving side based on these pilot carriers.", "\nAlso, with an OFDM communication method, an OFDM signal with a propagation path estimation preamble placed on each subcarrier is transmitted by the transmitting side, and compensation of phase rotation of each subcarrier is performed on the receiving side based on this propagation path estimation preamble.", "\nActually, a transmitting apparatus transmits a burst unit signal such as that shown in FIG. ", "2, for example. ", "As shown in FIG. ", "2, a burst unit signal includes guard intervals (GI), a propagation path estimation preamble, and an information signal (DATA1, . . . ). ", "In a burst unit signal, the propagation path estimation preamble is subjected to IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) processing, and the information signal is subjected to predetermined modulation processing and IFFT processing.", "\nThe receiving-side apparatus detects the FFT (fast Fourier transform) processing start timing by calculating a correlation value between the IFFT-processed propagation path estimation preamble and the propagation path estimation preamble in the received burst unit signal (received signal). ", "The receiving-side apparatus then extracts the propagation path estimation preamble and information signal from the received signal by performing FFT processing on the received signal in accordance with the detected start timing. ", "The receiving-side apparatus also performs propagation path estimation using the extracted propagation path estimation preamble, and performs information signal demodulation using the result of propagation path estimation. ", "By this means, the receiving-side apparatus can extract a demodulated signal.", "\nThe principle of transmission/reception by an OFDM communication apparatus using MIMO technology will now be explained using FIG. ", "3. ", "FIG. ", "3 illustrates a case where OFDM signals are transmitted from an OFDM communication apparatus (TX) 1 that has two antennas AN1 and AN2 to an OFDM communication apparatus (RX) 2 that has two antennas AN3 and AN4. ", "Signals transmitted from antennas AN1 and AN2 of OFDM communication apparatus 1 are here designated TX1 and TX2 respectively, and signals received by antennas AN3 and AN4 of OFDM communication apparatus 2 are designated RX1 and RX2 respectively. ", "Received signals RX1 and RX2 can then be expressed by the following equations.", "RX1=ATX1 +BTX2  (1)RX2=CTX1 +DTX2  (2)\nIn Equation (1) and Equation (2), A denotes the propagation path characteristic between transmitting antenna AN1 and receiving antenna AN3, B denotes the propagation path characteristic between transmitting antenna AN2 and receiving antenna AN3, C denotes the propagation path characteristic between transmitting antenna AN1 and receiving antenna AN4, and D denotes the propagation path characteristic between transmitting antenna AN2 and receiving antenna AN4.", "\nFIGS. ", "4(A) and (B) and FIGS. ", "5(A) and (B) show the frame formats of OFDM transmit signals transmitted from OFDM communication apparatus 1. ", "FIGS. ", "4(A) and (B) show frame formats focusing on pilot carriers, and FIGS. ", "5(A) and (B) show frame formats focusing on propagation path estimation preambles. ", "That is to say, the OFDM signal shown in FIG. ", "4(A) is transmitted from antenna AN1, and the OFDM signal shown in FIG. ", "4(B) is transmitted from antenna AN2. ", "In FIGS. ", "4(A) and (B), DATA1(N,K), for example, indicates that the N'th symbol relating to data 1 is transmitted by the K'th subcarrier at the time and frequency indicated by DATA1. ", "In FIGS. ", "5(A) and (B), propagation path estimation preamble (1, k) indicates that the 1st symbol of the propagation path estimation preamble is transmitted by the k'th subcarrier at the time and frequency indicated by propagation path estimation preamble (1, k).", "\nIn order to demodulate above transmit signals TX1 and TX2 from the received signals, it is necessary to estimate the four propagation path characteristics A, B, C, and D. For this purpose, OFDM communication apparatus 1 inserts propagation path estimation preambles in the transmit signals or transmits OFDM signals with specific subcarriers as pilot carriers. ", "On receiving these OFDM signals, OFDM communication apparatus 2 obtains propagation path characteristics based on these propagation path estimation preambles or pilot carriers.", "\nThe four propagation path characteristics A through D can be estimated by OFDM communication apparatus 2 (FIG. ", "3) as follows. ", "For propagation path characteristic A, a propagation path estimation preamble transmitted from antenna AN1 is received at antenna AN3, and propagation path characteristic A is found by a signal processing section corresponding to antenna AN3. ", "For characteristic B, a propagation path estimation preamble transmitted from antenna AN2 is received at antenna AN3, and characteristic B is found by the signal processing section corresponding to antenna AN3. ", "For characteristic C, a propagation path estimation preamble transmitted from antenna AN1 is received at antenna AN4, and propagation path characteristic C is found by a signal processing section corresponding to antenna AN4. ", "For characteristic D, a propagation path estimation preamble transmitted from antenna AN2 is received at antenna AN4, and characteristic D is found by the signal processing section corresponding to antenna AN4.", "\nOFDM communication apparatus 2 can perform demodulation of signals TX1 and TX2 transmitted from antennas AN1 and AN2 by performing the processing shown in the following equations, using the four estimated propagation path characteristics A through D.\n DRX1 ⁡ ( AD - BC ) - BRX2 / ( AD - BC ) = D ⁡ ( ATX1 + BTX2 ) / ( AD - BC ) - B ⁡ ( DTX1 + DTX2 ) / ( AD - BC ) = ( ADTX1 + BDTX2 - BCTX1 - BDTX2 ) / ( AD - BC ) = TX1 ( 3 ) - CRX1 / ( AD - BC ) - ARX2 / ( AD - BC ) = - C ⁡ ( ATX1 + BTX2 ) / ( AD - BC ) + A ⁡ ( CTX1 + DTX2 ) / ( AD - BC ) = ( - ACTX1 - BCTX2 + ACTX1 - ADTX2 ) / ( AD - BC ) = TX2 ( 4 ) \nPropagation path estimation preambles are actually transmitted as follows. ", "A propagation path estimation preamble is not transmitted from antenna AN2 during the time when a propagation path estimation preamble is being transmitted from antenna AN1. ", "Similarly, a propagation path estimation preamble is not transmitted from antenna AN1 during the time when a propagation path estimation preamble is being transmitted from antenna AN2.", "\nIn general, a pilot carrier is used to compensate for residual phase error due to frequency offset detection error, etc. ", "That is to say, during reception, residual phase error is detected using a known signal (pilot signal) multiplexed in a pilot carrier, and compensated for. ", "Actually, specific subcarriers are transmitted as pilot carriers, as shown in FIGS. ", "4(A) and (B). ", "In the example shown in FIGS. ", "4(A) and (B), of 2k+1 subcarriers, four antenna AN1 subcarriers are transmitted as pilot carriers.", "\nFIG. ", "6 shows the configuration of the transmitting system of OFDM communication apparatus 1. ", "In transmitting system 10, a transmit signal is first coded by a coding section 11. ", "The coded signal is subjected to preamble insertion by a preamble insertion section 12, and is then subjected to insertion of a known signal (pilot signal) by a pilot carrier insertion section 13 at positions at which specific subcarriers are pilot carriers.", "\nAfter undergoing modulation processing by a modulation section 14, the signal is divided into two by being subjected to serial/parallel conversion by a serial/parallel conversion section (S/P) 15. ", "The two divided signals undergo inverse fast Fourier transform processing by inverse fast Fourier transform sections (IFFTs) 16 and 17 respectively, thereby being orthogonal frequency division multiplexed by IFFTs 16 and 17, and OFDM signals are obtained. ", "IFFT 16 output signal 1 is superimposed on a carrier of a predetermined frequency by a radio transmitting section (not shown), and then transmitted from antenna AN1 (FIG. ", "3). ", "Similarly, IFFT 17 output signal 2 is superimposed on a carrier of a predetermined frequency by a radio transmitting section (not shown), and then transmitted from antenna AN2 (FIG. ", "3).", "\nFIG. ", "7 shows the configuration of the receiving system of OFDM communication apparatus 2 (FIG. ", "3). ", "In receiving system 20, a received signal received by antenna AN3 is input via a radio receiving section (not shown) to a fast Fourier transform section (FFT) 21 as input signal 1, and a received signal received by antenna AN4 is input via a radio receiving section (not shown) to a fast Fourier transform section (FFT) 22 as input signal 2.", "\nFFT 21 obtains a received signal for each subcarrier by executing fast Fourier transform processing on input signal 1. ", "The received signals of each subcarrier obtained by FFT 21 are sent to a propagation path estimation section 25, and propagation path compensation and interference compensation sections 24 and 26. ", "Input signal 2 is converted to received signals for each subcarrier by FFT 22, and these signals are sent to propagation path estimation section 25, and propagation path compensation and interference compensation sections 26 and 24.", "\nPropagation path estimation section 23 estimates propagation path characteristics A and B described above with regard to FIG. ", "3 based on the preambles inserted in the received signals. ", "Similarly, propagation path estimation section 25 estimates propagation path characteristics C and D based on the preambles inserted in the received signals.", "\nA coefficient calculation section 27 uses propagation path characteristics A through D obtained by propagation path estimation sections 23 and 25 to find coefficients A/(AD−BC), B/(AD−BC), C/(AD−BC), and D/(AD−BC). ", "Coefficient calculation section 27 is configured as shown in FIG. ", "8. ", "The four propagation path characteristics A to D obtained by propagation path estimation sections 23 and 25 are stored in memories 41 to 44 respectively. ", "AD is obtained by a multiplication section 46, and BC is obtained by a multiplication section 45. ", "AD−BC is obtained by a subtraction section 47. ", "A/(AD−BC), B/(AD−BC), C/(AD−BC), and D/(AD−BC) are obtained by division sections 48, 49, 50, and 51, respectively.", "\nWe will now return to FIG. ", "7 to continue the explanation. ", "Propagation path compensation and interference compensation section 24 forms a received signal TX1 that has undergone propagation path compensation and interference compensation by performing the computation shown in Equation (3) on the received signals using the coefficients found by coefficient calculation section 27. ", "Similarly, propagation path compensation and interference compensation section 26 forms a received signal TX2 that has undergone propagation path compensation and interference compensation by performing the computation shown in Equation (4) on the received signals using the coefficients found by coefficient calculation section 27.", "\nReceived signal TX1 that has undergone propagation path compensation and interference compensation is sent to a residual phase error detection section 28 and phase compensation section 29, and received signal TX2 that has undergone propagation path compensation and interference compensation is similarly sent to residual phase error detection section 28 and phase compensation section 30. ", "Residual phase error detection section 28 detects residual phase error in the two received signals TX1 and TX2 using a known signal transmitted by pilot carriers, and sends this to phase compensation sections 29 and 30.", "\nPhase compensation sections 29 and 30 perform phase compensation processing by rotating the phase by the residual phase error amount for received signals TX1 and TX2 respectively. ", "The two phase-compensated received signals are converted to a serial signal by a parallel/serial conversion section (P/S) 31, and a received signal corresponding to the transmit signal is obtained by decoding this serial signal in a decoding section 32.", "\nHowever, with a conventional OFDM communication apparatus, as can be seen from FIGS. ", "4(A) and (B), data transmitted from one antenna is superimposed as interference on known signals (pilot carriers) transmitted from the other antenna. ", "Therefore, the interference component superimposed on known signals must be eliminated in order to detect residual phase error.", "\nHowever, when inter-code interference, timing error, and frequency offset detection error are present due to multipath propagation, interference elimination characteristics degrade. ", "As a result, an interference component remains in known signals, causing a problem of major degradation of error rate characteristics.", "\nMoreover, with a conventional OFDM communication apparatus, as shown in FIGS. ", "5(A) and (B), the time at which a propagation path estimation preamble is transmitted differs for transmitting antenna AN1 and transmitting antenna AN2.", "\nConsequently, if there is residual phase error in received signals RX1 and RX2 obtained by the two receiving antennas AN3 and AN4, there will be residual phase error in the propagation path estimation results estimated with the propagation path estimation preambles. ", "When residual phase error is present, that residual phase error becomes propagation path estimation error, resulting in major degradation of error rate characteristics on the receiving side. ", "Thus, a defect of this kind of conventional OFDM communication apparatus is that error rate characteristics degrade significantly when residual phase error is present." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "I don't always put nuts on my truck but when i do, your children ask what it is\n\n326 shares" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "/*\n * Copyright (C) 2008 feilong\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.", "\n */\npackage com.feilong.core.bean;\n\nimport static com.feilong.core.", "Validator.isNotNullOrEmpty;\nimport static com.feilong.core.", "Validator.isNullOrEmpty;\nimport static com.feilong.core.util.", "MapUtil.newLinkedHashMap;\n\nimport java.util.", "Collection;\nimport java.util.", "Map;\n\nimport org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "BeanUtils;\nimport org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtils;\nimport org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtilsBean;\nimport org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils;\nimport org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;\nimport org.slf4j.", "Logger;\nimport org.slf4j.", "LoggerFactory;\n\nimport com.feilong.core.lang.", "ClassUtil;\nimport com.feilong.tools.slf4j.", "Slf4jUtil;\n\n/**\n * 对 {@link org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtils}的再次封装.", "\n * \n * <h3>说明:</h3>\n * <blockquote>\n * <ol>\n * <li>目的是将原来的 checkedException 异常 转换成 {@link BeanOperationException}</li>\n * </ol>\n * </blockquote>\n * \n * <h3>{@link PropertyUtils}与 {@link BeanUtils}:</h3>\n * \n * <blockquote>\n * <p>\n * {@link PropertyUtils}类和{@link BeanUtils}类很多的方法在参数上都是相同的,但返回值不同.<br>\n * {@link BeanUtils}着重于\"Bean\",返回值通常是{@link String},<br>\n * 而{@link PropertyUtils}着重于属性,它的返回值通常是{@link Object}.", " \n * </p>\n * </blockquote>\n * \n * @author <a href=\"http://feitianbenyue.iteye.com/\">feilong</a>\n * @see org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtils\n * @see com.feilong.core.bean.", "BeanUtil\n * @since 1.0.0\n */\npublic final class PropertyUtil{\n\n /** The Constant LOGGER. */", "\n private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PropertyUtil.class);\n\n /**\n * 传入的bean 是null 的消息提示.", "\n * \n * @since 2.1.0\n */\n private static final String MESSAGE_BEAN_IS_NULL = \"bean can't be null!\";", "\n\n /**\n * 传入的propertyName 是blank 的消息提示.", "\n * \n * @since 2.1.0\n */\n private static final String MESSAGE_PROPERTYNAME_IS_BLANK = \"propertyName can't be blank!\";", "\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n /** Don't let anyone instantiate this class. */", "\n private PropertyUtil(){\n //AssertionError不是必须的. ", "但它可以避免不小心在类的内部调用构造器. ", "保证该类在任何情况下都不会被实例化.", "\n //see 《Effective Java》 2nd\n throw new AssertionError(\"No \" + getClass().getName() + \" instances for you!\");", "\n }\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n /**\n * 将 <code>fromObj</code> 中的全部或者一组属性的值,复制到 <code>toObj</code> 对象中.", "\n * \n * <h3>注意点:</h3>\n * \n * <blockquote>\n * \n * <ol>\n * <li>如果 <code>toObj</code> 是null,抛出 {@link NullPointerException}</li>\n * <li>如果 <code>fromObj</code> 是null,抛出 {@link NullPointerException}</li>\n * <li>对于Date类型,<span style=\"color:red\">不需要先注册converter</span></li>\n * <li>这种copy都是 <span style=\"color:red\">浅拷贝</span>,复制后的2个Bean的同一个属性可能拥有同一个对象的ref,这个在使用时要小心,特别是对于属性为自定义类的情况 .</li>\n * </ol>\n * </blockquote>\n * \n * <h3>使用示例:</h3>\n * \n * <blockquote>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * User oldUser = new User();\n * oldUser.setId(5L);\n * oldUser.setMoney(new BigDecimal(500000));\n * oldUser.setDate(now());\n * oldUser.setNickName(ConvertUtil.toArray(\"feilong\", \"飞天奔月\", \"venusdrogon\"));\n * \n * User newUser = new User();\n * PropertyUtil.copyProperties(newUser, oldUser, \"date\", \"money\", \"nickName\");\n * LOGGER.debug(JsonUtil.format(newUser));\n * </pre>\n * \n * <b>返回:</b>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * {\n * \"date\": \"2015-09-06 13:27:43\",\n * \"id\": 0,\n * \"nickName\": [\n * \"feilong\",\n * \"飞天奔月\",\n * \"venusdrogon\"\n * ],\n * \"age\": 0,\n * \"name\": \"feilong\",\n * \"money\": 500000,\n * \"userInfo\": {\"age\": 0}\n * }\n * </pre>\n * \n * </blockquote>\n * \n * <h3>重构:</h3>\n * \n * <blockquote>\n * \n * <p>\n * 对于以下代码:\n * </p>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * \n * private ContactCommand toContactCommand(ShippingInfoSubForm shippingInfoSubForm){\n * ContactCommand contactCommand = new ContactCommand();\n * contactCommand.setCountryId(shippingInfoSubForm.getCountryId());\n * contactCommand.setProvinceId(shippingInfoSubForm.getProvinceId());\n * contactCommand.setCityId(shippingInfoSubForm.getCityId());\n * contactCommand.setAreaId(shippingInfoSubForm.getAreaId());\n * contactCommand.setTownId(shippingInfoSubForm.getTownId());\n * return contactCommand;\n * }\n * \n * </pre>\n * \n * <b>可以重构成:</b>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * \n * private ContactCommand toContactCommand(ShippingInfoSubForm shippingInfoSubForm){\n * ContactCommand contactCommand = new ContactCommand();\n * PropertyUtil.copyProperties(contactCommand, shippingInfoSubForm, \"countryId\", \"provinceId\", \"cityId\", \"areaId\", \"townId\");\n * return contactCommand;\n * }\n * </pre>\n * \n * <p>\n * 可以看出,代码更精简,目的性更明确\n * </p>\n * \n * </blockquote>\n * \n * <h3>{@link BeanUtils#copyProperties(Object, Object)}与 {@link PropertyUtils#copyProperties(Object, Object)}区别</h3>\n * \n * <blockquote>\n * <ul>\n * <li>{@link BeanUtils#copyProperties(Object, Object) BeanUtils} 提供类型转换功能,即发现两个JavaBean的同名属性为不同类型时,在支持的数据类型范围内进行转换,<br>\n * 而 {@link PropertyUtils#copyProperties(Object, Object) PropertyUtils}不支持这个功能,但是速度会更快一些.</li>\n * <li>commons-beanutils v1.9.0以前的版本 BeanUtils不允许对象的属性值为 null,PropertyUtils可以拷贝属性值 null的对象.<br>\n * (<b>注:</b>commons-beanutils v1.9.0+修复了这个情况,BeanUtilsBean.copyProperties() no longer throws a ConversionException for null properties\n * of certain data types),具体参阅commons-beanutils的\n * <a href=\"http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-beanutils/javadocs/v1.9.2/RELEASE-NOTES.txt\">RELEASE-NOTES.txt</a></li>\n * </ul>\n * </blockquote>\n * \n * <h3>相比较直接调用 {@link PropertyUtils#copyProperties(Object, Object)}的优点:</h3>\n * <blockquote>\n * <ol>\n * <li>将 checkedException 异常转成了 {@link BeanOperationException} RuntimeException,因为通常copy的时候出现了checkedException,也是普普通通记录下log,没有更好的处理方式\n * </li>\n * <li>支持 includePropertyNames 参数,允许针对性copy 个别属性</li>\n * <li>更多,更容易理解的的javadoc</li>\n * </ol>\n * </blockquote>\n *\n * @param toObj\n * 目标对象\n * @param fromObj\n * 原始对象\n * @param includePropertyNames\n * 包含的属性数组名字数组,(can be nested/indexed/mapped/combo)<br>\n * 如果是null或者empty,将会调用 {@link PropertyUtils#copyProperties(Object, Object)}<br>\n * <ol>\n * <li>如果没有传入<code>includePropertyNames</code>参数,那么直接调用{@link PropertyUtils#copyProperties(Object, Object)},否则循环调用\n * {@link #getProperty(Object, String)}再{@link #setProperty(Object, String, Object)}到<code>toObj</code>对象中</li>\n * <li>如果传入的<code>includePropertyNames</code>,含有 <code>fromObj</code>没有的属性名字,将会抛出异常</li>\n * <li>如果传入的<code>includePropertyNames</code>,含有 <code>fromObj</code>有,但是 <code>toObj</code>没有的属性名字,会抛出异常,see\n * {@link PropertyUtilsBean#setSimpleProperty(Object, String, Object) copyProperties} Line2078</li>\n * </ol>\n * @throws NullPointerException\n * 如果 <code>toObj</code> 是null,或者 <code>fromObj</code> 是null\n * @throws BeanOperationException\n * 如果在copy的过程中,有任何的checkedException,将会被转成该异常返回\n * @see #setProperty(Object, String, Object)\n * @see BeanUtil#copyProperties(Object, Object, String...)\n * @see org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtilsBean#copyProperties(Object, Object)\n * @see <a href=\"http://www.cnblogs.com/kaka/archive/2013/03/06/2945514.html\">Bean复制的几种框架性能比较(Apache BeanUtils、PropertyUtils,Spring\n * BeanUtils,Cglib BeanCopier)</a>\n * @since 1.4.1\n */\n public static void copyProperties(Object toObj,Object fromObj,String...includePropertyNames){\n Validate.notNull(toObj, \"toObj [destination bean] not specified!\");", "\n Validate.notNull(fromObj, \"fromObj [origin bean] not specified!\");", "\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n if (isNullOrEmpty(includePropertyNames)){\n try{\n PropertyUtils.copyProperties(toObj, fromObj);\n return;\n }catch (Exception e){\n String pattern = \"copyProperties exception,toObj:[{}],fromObj:[{}],includePropertyNames:[{}]\";\n throw new BeanOperationException(Slf4jUtil.format(pattern, toObj, fromObj, includePropertyNames), e);\n }\n }\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n for (String propertyName : includePropertyNames){\n Object value = getProperty(fromObj, propertyName);\n setProperty(toObj, propertyName, value);\n }\n }\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n /**\n * 返回一个 <code>bean</code>中指定属性 <code>propertyNames</code><span style=\"color:green\">可读属性</span>,并将属性名/属性值放入一个\n * {@link java.util.", "LinkedHashMap LinkedHashMap} 中.", "\n * \n * <h3>示例:</h3>\n * \n * <blockquote>\n * \n * <p>\n * <b>场景:</b> 取到user bean里面所有的属性成map\n * </p>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * User user = new User();\n * user.setId(5L);\n * user.setDate(now());\n * \n * LOGGER.debug(JsonUtil.format(PropertyUtil.describe(user));\n * </pre>\n * \n * <b>返回:</b>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * {\n * \"id\": 5,\n * \"name\": \"feilong\",\n * \"age\": null,\n * \"date\": \"2016-07-13 22:18:26\"\n * }\n * </pre>\n * \n * <hr>\n * \n * <p>\n * <b>场景:</b> 提取user bean \"date\"和 \"id\"属性:\n * </p>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * User user = new User();\n * user.setId(5L);\n * user.setDate(now());\n * \n * LOGGER.debug(JsonUtil.format(PropertyUtil.describe(user, \"date\", \"id\"));\n * </pre>\n * \n * 返回的结果,按照指定参数名称顺序:\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * {\n * \"date\": \"2016-07-13 22:21:24\",\n * \"id\": 5\n * }\n * </pre>\n * \n * </blockquote>\n * \n * <h3>说明:</h3>\n * <blockquote>\n * <ol>\n * <li>另外还有一个名为class的属性,属性值是Object的类名,事实上class是java.lang.", "Object的一个属性</li>\n * <li>如果 <code>propertyNames</code>是null或者 empty,那么获取所有属性的值</li>\n * <li>map的key按照 <code>propertyNames</code> 的顺序</li>\n * </ol>\n * </blockquote>\n * \n * <h3>原理:</h3>\n * \n * <blockquote>\n * <ol>\n * <li>取到bean class的 {@link java.beans.", "PropertyDescriptor}数组</li>\n * <li>循环,找到 {@link java.beans.", "PropertyDescriptor#getReadMethod()}</li>\n * <li>将 name and {@link org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtilsBean#getProperty(Object, String)} 设置到map中</li>\n * </ol>\n * </blockquote>\n *\n * @param bean\n * Bean whose properties are to be extracted\n * @param propertyNames\n * 属性名称 (can be nested/indexed/mapped/combo),参见 <a href=\"../BeanUtil.html#propertyName\">propertyName</a>\n * @return 如果 <code>propertyNames</code> 是null或者empty,返回 {@link PropertyUtils#describe(Object)}<br>\n * @throws NullPointerException\n * 如果 <code>bean</code> 是null,或者<code>propertyNames</code> 包含 null的元素\n * @throws IllegalArgumentException\n * 如果 <code>propertyNames</code> 包含 blank的元素\n * @see org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "BeanUtils#describe(Object)\n * @see org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtils#describe(Object)\n * @since 1.8.0\n */\n public static Map<String, Object> describe(Object bean,String...propertyNames){\n Validate.notNull(bean, MESSAGE_BEAN_IS_NULL);\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n if (isNullOrEmpty(propertyNames)){\n try{\n return PropertyUtils.describe(bean);\n }catch (Exception e){\n String pattern = \"describe exception,bean:[{}],propertyNames:[{}]\";\n throw new BeanOperationException(Slf4jUtil.format(pattern, bean, propertyNames), e);\n }\n }\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n Map<String, Object> map = newLinkedHashMap(propertyNames.length);\n for (String propertyName : propertyNames){\n map.put(propertyName, getProperty(bean, propertyName));\n }\n return map;\n }\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n /**\n * 使用 {@link PropertyUtils#setProperty(Object, String, Object)} 来设置指定bean对象中的指定属性的值.", "\n * \n * <h3>说明:</h3>\n * <blockquote>\n * <ol>\n * <li>不会进行类型转换</li>\n * </ol>\n * </blockquote>\n * \n * <h3>示例:</h3>\n * \n * <blockquote>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * User newUser = new User();\n * PropertyUtil.setProperty(newUser, \"name\", \"feilong\");\n * LOGGER.info(JsonUtil.format(newUser));\n * </pre>\n * \n * <b>返回:</b>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * {\n * \"age\": 0,\n * \"name\": \"feilong\"\n * }\n * </pre>\n * \n * </blockquote>\n * \n * <h3>注意点:</h3>\n * \n * <blockquote>\n * \n * <ol>\n * <li>如果 <code>bean</code> 是null,抛出 {@link NullPointerException}</li>\n * <li>如果 <code>propertyName</code> 是null,抛出 {@link NullPointerException}</li>\n * <li>如果 <code>propertyName</code> 是blank,抛出 {@link IllegalArgumentException}</li>\n * <li>如果<code>bean</code>没有传入的 <code>propertyName</code>属性名字,会抛出异常,see\n * {@link PropertyUtilsBean#setSimpleProperty(Object, String, Object) setSimpleProperty} Line2078,转成 {@link BeanOperationException}</li>\n * <li>对于Date类型,<span style=\"color:red\">不需要先注册converter</span></li>\n * </ol>\n * </blockquote>\n *\n * @param bean\n * Bean whose property is to be modified\n * @param propertyName\n * 属性名称 (can be nested/indexed/mapped/combo),参见 <a href=\"../BeanUtil.html#propertyName\">propertyName</a>\n * @param value\n * Value to which this property is to be set\n * @see org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "BeanUtils#setProperty(Object, String, Object)\n * @see org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtils#setProperty(Object, String, Object)\n * @see BeanUtil#setProperty(Object, String, Object)\n */\n public static void setProperty(Object bean,String propertyName,Object value){\n Validate.notNull(bean, MESSAGE_BEAN_IS_NULL);\n Validate.notBlank(propertyName, MESSAGE_PROPERTYNAME_IS_BLANK);\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n try{\n PropertyUtils.setProperty(bean, propertyName, value);\n }catch (Exception e){\n String pattern = \"setProperty exception,bean:[{}],propertyName:[{}],value:[{}]\";\n throw new BeanOperationException(Slf4jUtil.format(pattern, bean, propertyName, value), e);\n }\n }\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n /**\n * 如果 <code>value</code> isNotNullOrEmpty,那么才调用 {@link #setProperty(Object, String, Object)}.", "\n * \n * <h3>注意点:</h3>\n * \n * <blockquote>\n * <ol>\n * <li>如果 <code>bean</code> 是null,抛出 {@link NullPointerException}</li>\n * <li>如果 <code>propertyName</code> 是null,抛出 {@link NullPointerException}</li>\n * <li>如果 <code>propertyName</code> 是blank,抛出 {@link IllegalArgumentException}</li>\n * <li>如果<code>bean</code>没有传入的 <code>propertyName</code>属性名字,会抛出异常,see\n * {@link PropertyUtilsBean#setSimpleProperty(Object, String, Object)} Line2078</li>\n * <li>对于Date类型,<span style=\"color:red\">不需要先注册converter</span></li>\n * </ol>\n * </blockquote>\n *\n * @param bean\n * Bean whose property is to be modified\n * @param propertyName\n * 属性名称 (can be nested/indexed/mapped/combo),参见 <a href=\"../BeanUtil.html#propertyName\">propertyName</a>\n * @param value\n * Value to which this property is to be set\n * @since 1.5.3\n */\n public static void setPropertyIfValueNotNullOrEmpty(Object bean,String propertyName,Object value){\n if (isNotNullOrEmpty(value)){\n setProperty(bean, propertyName, value);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * 如果 <code>null !", "= value</code>,那么才调用 {@link #setProperty(Object, String, Object)}.", "\n * \n * <h3>注意点:</h3>\n * \n * <blockquote>\n * \n * <ol>\n * <li>如果 <code>bean</code> 是null,抛出 {@link NullPointerException}</li>\n * <li>如果 <code>propertyName</code> 是null,抛出 {@link NullPointerException}</li>\n * <li>如果 <code>propertyName</code> 是blank,抛出 {@link IllegalArgumentException}</li>\n * <li>如果<code>bean</code>没有传入的 <code>propertyName</code>属性名字,会抛出异常,see\n * {@link PropertyUtilsBean#setSimpleProperty(Object, String, Object)} Line2078</li>\n * <li>对于Date类型,<span style=\"color:red\">不需要先注册converter</span></li>\n * </ol>\n * </blockquote>\n *\n * @param bean\n * Bean whose property is to be modified\n * @param propertyName\n * 属性名称 (can be nested/indexed/mapped/combo),参见 <a href=\"../BeanUtil.html#propertyName\">propertyName</a>\n * @param value\n * Value to which this property is to be set\n * @see #setProperty(Object, String, Object)\n * @since 1.5.3\n */\n public static void setPropertyIfValueNotNull(Object bean,String propertyName,Object value){\n if (null !", "= value){\n setProperty(bean, propertyName, value);\n }\n }\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n // [start] getProperty\n\n /**\n * 使用 {@link PropertyUtils#getProperty(Object, String)} 从指定bean对象中取得指定属性名称的值.", "\n * \n * <h3>说明:</h3>\n * <blockquote>\n * <ol>\n * <li>原样取出值,不会进行类型转换.</li>\n * </ol>\n * </blockquote>\n * \n * <h3>示例:</h3>\n * <blockquote>\n * <p>\n * <b>场景:</b> 取list中第一个元素的id\n * </p>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * User user = new User();\n * user.setId(5L);\n * user.setDate(now());\n * \n * List{@code <User>} list = toList(user, user, user);\n * \n * Long id = PropertyUtil.getProperty(list, \"[0].id\");\n * </pre>\n * \n * <b>返回:</b>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * 5\n * </pre>\n * \n * </blockquote>\n * \n * @param <T>\n * the generic type\n * @param bean\n * Bean whose property is to be extracted\n * @param propertyName\n * 属性名称 (can be nested/indexed/mapped/combo),参见 <a href=\"../BeanUtil.html#propertyName\">propertyName</a>\n * @return 如果 <code>bean</code> 是null,抛出 {@link NullPointerException}<br>\n * 如果 <code>propertyName</code> 是null,抛出 {@link NullPointerException}<br>\n * 如果 <code>propertyName</code> 是blank,抛出 {@link IllegalArgumentException}<br>\n * 否则 使用{@link PropertyUtils#getProperty(Object, String)} 从对象中取得属性值\n * @see BeanUtil#getProperty(Object, String)\n * @see org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "BeanUtils#getProperty(Object, String)\n * @see org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtils#getProperty(Object, String)\n * @see org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtilsBean\n */\n public static <T> T getProperty(Object bean,String propertyName){\n Validate.notNull(bean, MESSAGE_BEAN_IS_NULL);\n Validate.notBlank(propertyName, MESSAGE_PROPERTYNAME_IS_BLANK);\n\n return PropertyValueObtainer.obtain(bean, propertyName);\n }\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n // [end]\n\n /**\n * 从指定的 <code>obj</code>中,查找指定类型 <code>toBeFindedClassType</code> 的值.", "\n * \n * <h3>说明:</h3>\n * \n * <blockquote>\n * <ol>\n * <li>如果 <code>ClassUtil.isInstance(obj, toBeFindedClassType)</code> 直接返回 findValue</li>\n * <li>不支持obj是<code>isPrimitiveOrWrapper</code>,<code>CharSequence</code>,<code>Collection</code>,<code>Map</code>类型,自动过滤</li>\n * <li>调用 {@link PropertyUtil#describe(Object, String...)} 再递归查找</li>\n * <li>目前暂不支持从集合里面找到指定类型的值,如果你有相关需求,可以调用 \"org.springframework.util.", "CollectionUtils#findValueOfType(Collection, Class)\"</li>\n * </ol>\n * </blockquote>\n * \n * <h3>示例:</h3>\n * <blockquote>\n * \n * <p>\n * <b>场景:</b> 从User中找到UserInfo类型的值\n * </p>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * User user = new User();\n * user.setId(5L);\n * user.setDate(now());\n * user.getUserInfo().setAge(28);\n * \n * LOGGER.info(JsonUtil.format(PropertyUtil.findValueOfType(user, UserInfo.class)));\n * </pre>\n * \n * <b>返回:</b>\n * \n * <pre class=\"code\">\n * {\"age\": 28}\n * </pre>\n * \n * </blockquote>\n * \n * @param <T>\n * the generic type\n * @param obj\n * 要被查找的对象\n * @param toBeFindedClassType\n * the to be finded class type\n * @return 如果 <code>obj</code> 是null或者是empty,返回null<br>\n * 如果 <code>toBeFindedClassType</code> 是null,抛出 {@link NullPointerException}<br>\n * 如果 <code>ClassUtil.isInstance(obj, toBeFindedClassType)</code>,直接返回 <code>obj</code><br>\n * 从对象中查找匹配的类型,如果找不到返回 <code>null</code><br>\n * @see \"org.springframework.util.", "CollectionUtils#findValueOfType(Collection, Class)\"\n * @since 1.4.1\n */\n @SuppressWarnings(\"unchecked\")\n public static <T> T findValueOfType(Object obj,Class<T> toBeFindedClassType){\n if (isNullOrEmpty(obj)){\n return null;\n }\n Validate.notNull(toBeFindedClassType, \"toBeFindedClassType can't be null/empty!\");", "\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n if (ClassUtil.isInstance(obj, toBeFindedClassType)){\n return (T) obj;\n }\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n if (isDonotSupportFindType(obj)){\n LOGGER.trace(\"obj:[{}] not support find toBeFindedClassType:[{}]\", obj.getClass().getName(), toBeFindedClassType.getName());\n return null;\n }\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n Map<String, Object> describe = describe(obj);\n\n for (Map.", "Entry<String, Object> entry : describe.entrySet()){\n String key = entry.getKey();\n Object value = entry.getValue();\n\n if (null !", "= value && !\"", "class\".equals(key)){\n //级联查询\n T t = findValueOfType(value, toBeFindedClassType);\n if (null !", "= t){\n return t;\n }\n }\n }\n return null;\n }\n\n //---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n /**\n * 一般自定义的command 里面 就是些 string int,list map等对象.", "\n * \n * <p>\n * 这些我们过滤掉,只取类型是 findedClassType的\n * </p>\n * \n * @param obj\n * the obj\n * @return true, if checks if is can find type\n * @since 1.6.3\n */\n private static boolean isDonotSupportFindType(Object obj){\n //一般自定义的command 里面 就是些 string int,list map等对象\n //这些我们过滤掉,只取类型是 findedClassType的\n return ClassUtils.isPrimitiveOrWrapper(obj.getClass())//\n || ClassUtil.isInstanceAnyClass(obj, CharSequence.class, Collection.class, Map.class);\n }\n}" ]

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[ "The Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement attracted little attention when it was forged in 2005. ", "That changed with negotiations to admit five new countries, most notably the US. ", "And now, says Rick Shera, things are getting seriously weird. ", "Yes, it's a copyright thread …\n\nIt's one way of negotiating, I guess: leak a document containing multiple extreme positions and then gracefully back down in the face of inevitable objection from other parties fuelled by local community uproar - arriving at terms that are at least as good if not better than what you were really after. ", "And the US is playing that game like a master if its latest leaked the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) chapter is anything to go by. ", "Mind you, it had some ground to make up after its embarrassing stumble with ACTA.", "\n\nPositions as extreme as the latest US IP chapter surely cannot be anything other than blatant negotiation bullying. ", "Even the RIAA (who must have had a large input into the paper given its focus on phonograms) could not in its wettest dreams expect to have New Zealand and other parties take such a large axe to our IP laws ... could they?", "\n\nBut, without further ado, here are the lowlights in terms of the main changes which we would need to make to New Zealand law:\n\n• Rights holders would be allowed to prevent parallel imports (which are currently allowed under New Zealand trademark law). ", "We know how important it is to many old school rights holders to divide the world into artificial zones so that they can maintain archaic differential pricing and release dates. ", "I don't imagine therefore that they will be consenting to parallel imports - so this is effectively a ban.", "\n\n• Strengthened geographical indications - the champagne producers have managed to stop us describing our bubbly as champagne - expect the same thing to happen to brie, parmagiano reggiano, Gouda, Edam and the like. ", "Even Yorkshire pud and American hot dogs might not be safe.", "\n\n• Massive extension of copyright terms, from life of author plus 50 years, to 70 years. ", "Works with unknown or no human author to 95 years. ", "In some cases even extensions out to 120 years. ", "We've come a long way since the Statute of Anne and then the American Constitution set basic copyright terms at 14 years, just because the US wants to continue to extract monopoly pricing on Mickey Mouse (who would have been in the public domain years ago if it were not for these extensions in the US). ", "And remember, we're pretty much on our own on this one as far as Common law countries go - Australia, another party to the proposed TPPA, has already succumbed to some of these longer copyright terms so will be looking to even the playing field. ", "I say that because the Australian Government Productivity Commission has just concluded that its Free Trade Agreement extension of copyright terms has been negative (PDF) for Australia, but then goes on to say that Australia should look at redressing the deficit by having its other trading partners cave in as well.", "\n\n• Circumventing a Technological Protection Measure (TPM) will to be a criminal offence even if the work it protects is in the public domain or you want to exercise fair dealing rights like educational use or current affairs reporting. ", "We'll also need to make sure that we change our curent regime so that region coding and zone access controls are protected (we decided to specifically state that such artificial measures were NOT protected when we changed our TPM law in 2008).", "\n\n• The return of s92A guilt on accusation, repeat infringer, termination of internet accounts - 3 strikes or whatever you want to call it. ", "So, the US wants us to effectively scrap the last 3 years of consultation around the replacement of section 92A and the reasonably balanced (but still not perfect) approach we are working towards in the Copyright (Infringing File Sharing) Amendment Bill due to be passed in the next couple of months. ", "Imagine you're an ISP who has to bear the cost of gearing up for that regime only to be told later in the year that its Ground Hog Day and we're all going back to the section 92A debacle.", "\n\n• Forcing us to reverse the decison recently taken to exclude software patents per se.", "\n\n• Introducing statutory damages (which give rights holders windfall damages up to 3 times their actual losses). ", "No doubt the copyright trolls will like that. ", "Add to that full recovery of lawyers' fees plus presumptions in favour of rights holders (so they don't need to first prove they there is any copyright or that they own it). ", "All of this will effectively give anyone wanting to claim IP rights a huge advantage. ", "We know that many IP claims are in fact made by companies wanting to shut down competition or by those wanting to stifle criticsm. ", "IP law should not be used for these sort of ulterior motives.", "\n\n• ISP policing of IP rights incuding a requirement for ISPs to give up their customers' identities when they receive a mere allegation from a rights holder.", "\n\n• Criminal liability even where the infringement has no commercial value at all.", "\n\n• Pushing Courts to impose imprisonment as the default sentence for infringement even where no monetary benefit is obtained.", "\n\nThese last two are particularly well hidden - the provisions actually refer to criminal liability for infringements on a commercial scale. ", "But, when you read the fineprint, commercial scale includes significant wilful ... infringements that have no direct or indirect motivation of financial gain.", "\n\nAnd, as if the US version of the TPPA itself wasn't bad enough, if we sign up to this, we'd also be agreeing to enter into 7 other international IP treaties. ", "These include ones, like the two WIPO internet treaties, that we have already debated and decided NOT to accede to. ", "Plus others that we have decided are not of pressing concern. ", "All this by the end of this year.", "\n\nThat's why I say that these suggestions from the US, if we agreed to them, overall would represent huge changes to our IP laws not seen in the last 20 years.", "\n\nThe galling thing about all of this too is that we have been debating these issues for many years in a rational, multistakeholder, consultative manner not in the secretive manner in which TPPA is being railroaded through. ", "In the copyright arena for example, we started to look at how our law should deal with digital creativity 10 years ago with MED's publication of two comprehensive papers on IP in the digital age. ", "Since then we've debated specific proposals in various legislation - Patents Act, Trade Marks Act, Copyright Act, plant varieties etc - they've all been revised to take account of these issues. ", "Parliament and successive Governments have repeatedly approved the fine balances that we have arrived at. ", "This would run a coach and horses through much of that but at least our officials are not having a bar of it (PDF). ", "They need our support.", "\n\nIt's somewhat patronising to now be told that we effectively got it all wrong and need to make fundamental changes ... but, oh, wait a minute, we're not going to tell you what those changes are.", "\n\n(See also the podcast of my TPPA interview with Kathryn Ryan, Nine to Noon, 16 March 2011.)", "\n\nRick Shera is an Auckland intellectual property lawyer and @lawgeeknz on Twitter. ", "This post is re-published from the original on Rick's blog." ]

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[ "Radiohead to hit Seattle in April Tickets go on sale Friday\n\nCheck out who else is slated for a visit.", "\n\nCheck out who else is slated for a visit. ", "Photo: Seattlepi.com Staff Photo: Seattlepi.com Staff Image 1 of / 41 Caption Close Radiohead to hit Seattle in April 1 / 41 Back to Gallery\n\nBefore headlining Coachella in April, Radiohead will stop in Seattle to play for a KeyArena crowd.", "\n\nThe band is only hitting a handful of United States cities before heading for to California to play Coachella and other dates.", "\n\nThe Seattle gig will occur April 8 at KeyArena. ", "Tickets go on sale at 10 a.m. Friday. ", "Sales will be limited to four tickets per order.", "\n\nCruise the gallery to find out who else is coming to the Seattle area in the coming months." ]

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[ "Promoted from our Community Blogs!", "\n\n[In what may possibly be the funniest user blog I've ever had the pleasure of reading, Dtoid community member UsurpMyProse highlights his five \"favorite\" Dark Souls bosses. ", "Want to see your own words appear on the front page? ", "Go write something! ", "--Mr Andy Dixon]\n\nI BEAT DARK SOULS!", "\n\nThis is the kind of statement that needs to be shouted from the highest rooftop and/or mountain peak, but due to an aversion to heights and hiking, I've decided to go with their modern equivalent: the Internet! ", "So here I am, arms outstretched in my best Rocky pose, sun streaming at my back, voice trembling with raw emotion as I shout through the beard I've grown for some reason:\n\nI BEAT DARK SOULS!", "\n\nThat's right. ", "I beat it. ", "Full-on, Walter White-level \"I won.\" ", "I've rung the bells, gathered the Lord Souls, slayed Gwyn, Lord of Cinder and did... whatever it was I was supposed to do. ", "I don't know. ", "Burn, I guess? ", "I'm sure that ending is chock full of subtext, but I was a little too busy getting rocked by all manner of dragons and weirdly sexy lava spiders to figure out what the point of it all was.", "\n\nSo here I am, emerging from my long, harrowing journey a new (better?) ", "man. ", "Sure, I've got some scars. ", "I wake up at night in a cold sweat, thinking I'm still back there in Blighttown, wondering if it's going to be the giant mosquitos that get me, the toxic water, or the framerate. ", "I can't go near a treasure chest without thinking it's going to sprout legs and try to eat me, though I'm not sure that's something I have to worry about on a regular basis. ", "But at least I can say I did it. ", "At least I can look a man in the eyes and tell him I've been to Hell and back. ", "Yeah, maybe NG+ is somewhere out there, lurking just out of sight, but I've still got stories. ", "Stories that'll make your skin crawl. ", "That'll make you want to call up your mother and tell you that you love her. ", "I've got...\n\n*I do not in any way condone violence against children. ", "In this case, the baby serves as a metaphor for a universal conduit of impotent frustration, and my fist serves as a metaphor for my fist.", "\n\nAll the bosses on this list did, at some point, make me experience an incomprehensible level of rage, but the Gaping Dragon may just be one of my favorite bosses ever. ", "While victory in Dark Souls is usually contingent on being the last man standing in a war between your head and a stubborn wall, the act of vanquishing the Gaping Dragon feels less like success through attrition and more like a white-knuckled blaze of glory. ", "At first blush the massive vagina dentata appears too big to even scratch, and finding openings to attack usually involves a lot of sitting back and allowing your two Sun Bros to act as big, glowy diversions for the dragon's insatiable maw. ", "But when you're standing knee-deep in acidic bile with your health perilously close to running out and you finally manage to nick the H.R. Giger nightmare to its final wheezing gasp for breath, the feeling of triumphant catharsis is unmatched. ", "It's like the first time you slayed a dragon in Skyrim, only if you did it with your bare hands and in real life.", "\n\nThe Capra Demon fight is all about a lack of personal space. ", "He's that guy on the Greyhound bus you always get stuck next to, the one who can only regale you about his meth-fueled weekend in Newark while leaning in three inches from your face. ", "The battle starts with a ten-foot cross between Pyramid Head and a Southwestern art project bearing down on you with his two hellhounds from the back of an alleyway smaller than a recently divorced dad's studio apartment. ", "If you try to do anything but run up the nearby set of stairs like a teenage girl that's just been told they can't go out looking like that, you will get eviscerated. ", "The process of dashing in, getting my clock cleaned, resurrecting at the nearby bonfire, and dashing in again felt like one of those never-ending Three Stooges acts. ", "The ones where Curly keeps rolling up his sleeves only to repeatedly get jabbed in the eyes by Moe because he has too little self-esteem to stand up for himself. ", "At least later on in the game I got to trounce a whole pack of these guys in a more open environment, but I couldn't escape the feeling the game was patronizingly pointing out my progress. ", "It was like having Hidetaka Miyazaki over my shoulder cooing, \"Hey, look who's not curled up into a fetal position and crying anymore! ", "I'm so proud of you, champ!\"", "\n\nBoss battles in Dark Souls are a lot like elaborate Punch-Out!! ", "fights. ", "They follow the basic gaming tenants of recognizable attack patterns that can be dodged and countered. ", "Artorias the Abysswalker, meanwhile, is like one of those cheap pansexual nymphs you face at the end of Street Fighter games. ", "The ones that spam the same super mega hyper combo until you're cowering in the corner waiting for the continue screen to pop back up. ", "All of his attacks involve hurtling himself and his gigantic compensating sword directly at your face, leaving only a split-second window to stop, drop, and roll yourself to safety. ", "Though, to be fair, when you figure out that his shadowy burst attack is actually a Super Saiyan power-up move that you can interrupt, the fight becomes manageable. ", "But excuse me for not realizing I'm supposed to run toward him when he's about to jizz dark energy all over me.", "\n\nI beat Ornstein and Smough on only my second try, but my victory was marred by the stupidest thing I've ever done in a videogame. ", "So gather around, children, and hear tell of how I lost 90,000 souls because of idiocy as profound as it was beautiful.", "\n\nIt all started when I sought the last refuge of the damned by looking for help on a GameFAQ message board. ", "Some benevolent Internet citizen recommended slinging dung pies at the ample target afforded by the merged Smough's fat ass and then just waiting things out, as if letting him succumb naturally to time and diabetes. ", "Only I didn't realize the on-screen status bar I was filling every time I chucked a pie reflected my own blood toxicity levels until it was too late. ", "Being all out of medicinal purple moss clumps, I was forced to finish the fight with a slowly draining health bar. ", "I prevailed against all odds, but fearful for what unknowable danger laid ahead, I made a mad dash for the safety of the Anor Londo bonfire to staunch my wounds.", "\n\nBut thinking I couldn't make it all the way back, I decided instead to go for the fire at the bottom of a rotating platform at the area's halfway point. ", "I then proceeded to waste precious seconds forgetting which way I was supposed to turn the handle to drop the platform. ", "By the time I finally got to the fire, it was too late -- I died only a few feet away from salvation. ", "It was like the ending of Das Boot, only with far fewer sympathetic Nazis.", "\n\nBut, hey, no big deal, right? ", "All I had to do was go back and scoop up all those precious souls right where I dropped them without dying a second time. ", "Except by lowering the platform, I had inadvertently undone the shortcut that allows you to circumvent a dangerous detour rife with opportunities for cheap deaths. ", "So there I was, standing on the edge of an incomplete bridge, my path to redemption a few feet below me. ", "And that's when it happened. ", "That moment of rationalization that precedes every bad decision ever made. ", "That hubristic mental lapse of thinking, \"Y'know, I could totally make that jump.\"", "\n\nI totally did not make that jump.", "\n\nMy body hit the platform with all the cat-like grace of a wheelbarrow full of hallowed cinder blocks. ", "And as I sat there with the glow of the grayscale \"YOU DIED!\" ", "screen washing over me like hot shame, I was overcome with the kind of despair reserved for bad break ups and news of The Big Bang Theory's continued success.", "\n\nBut my humiliation was not yet complete. ", "When I returned to where I originally fought Ornstein and Smough, I discovered that a bonfire had only been a short elevator ride away the entire time. ", "If I had pressed on a little further instead of trying to go back, I would have reached sanctuary instead of wasting an hour of my life with nothing to show for the whole terrible ordeal.", "\n\nThat's what Dark Souls does to you. ", "It makes you seek solace in that which you know and fear that which you do not. ", "It replaces rationality with paranoia. ", "It changes a person, and what comes out on the other end is neither man nor beast, but a howling shade of humanity whose only recourse is to punch an infant right in the kisser.", "\n\nA lot of people say Ornstein and Smough are the toughest Dark Souls bosses. ", "Those people are wrong. ", "Ornstein and Smough are a less edgy Laurel and Hardy compared to the grueling test of sanity that is the Four Kings fight. ", "Ornstein and Smough are a walk on a sunset-lit beach with your honey. ", "Four Kings are a hundred miles of razor wire and broken glass. ", "Set on fire. ", "Backed by an infinite loop of Tom Waits reading the complete works of Thomas Pynchon.", "\n\nThe rule of thumb in Dark Souls is to always try and fight enemies one on one. ", "Even the weakest monsters can ruin your day if you let them swarm you. ", "The game knows this, and yet it throws you into a boss battle with four One-Winged Angel wannabes at once anyway. ", "It's the biggest slap in the face in the entire game. ", "Even worse than a level comprised entirely of invisible walkways across a gaping crystalline ravine. ", "Even worse than making summoning another human player as difficult as connecting to AOL circa 1994, and yet allowing enemy players to invade as easily as a politician uploads self-incriminating photos to Twitter.", "\n\nThe key here is to kill a King before another one appears, but it's practically impossible to off them quickly without taking a significant chunk of damage. ", "What results is a frantic juggling act of attacking, blocking, pounding Estus Flasks, and hoping to whatever is considered a god in this unholy universe that one of them doesn't start firing their stupid heat-seeking projectiles.", "\n\nI spent three hours trying to beat the Four Kings. ", "Three. ", "Hours. ", "I could have watched Amour in that time and experienced a magnificent spectrum of grief and devastation, and I still would have had an hour left over to ruminate on the impossible power of love. ", "But no, I spent it raging at a bunch of androgynous virtual spectres, which is the kind of wasted effort that would have even Buddha stomping around cold clocking toddlers.", "\n\n----------\n\nNow it's your turn, dear reader! ", "Share with me your tales of despair. ", "Which Dark Souls boss gave you fits? ", "Let us commiserate, because only by giving voice to the horrors we endured can we begin to move forward." ]

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[ "News\n\nFighting Infectious Disease\n\nIdeas about development are constantly developing – and thinkers like Dr Mark Dybul are leading the charge.", "\n\nLeading figures in the Australian aid industry were treated to some of those ideas earlier this year, at the fourth annual Harold Mitchell Development Policy Lecture at the ANU’s Crawford School.", "\n\nThe Executive Director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Dr Dybul struck an optimistic note, suggesting that “revolution” that has been taking place in development theory in recent times – and the results are starting to be seen in practice.", "\n\nWhen it comes to malaria, HIV and tuberculosis, for example, Dr Dybul argued that we are now “on the right side of the tipping point” due to “the massive investment of the last 15 years”.", "\n\n“These epidemics are in retreat. ", "We’re seeing declines in new infections and we’re seeing a massive increase in care and treatment which, because they’re infectious diseases, contribute in a significant way to declining new infections. ", "And that’s hugely exciting.”" ]

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[ "Welcome to the Piano World Piano ForumsOver 2 million posts about pianos, digital pianos, and all types of keyboard instruments\nJoin the World's Largest Community of Piano Lovers\n(it's free)\nIt's Fun to Play the Piano ... Please Pass It On!", "\n\njazzwee .. just a few more CA words ... those first 3 chords bars in con alma ... the progression is also in the last part of how deep is the ocean. ", "actually is a really common progression. ", "it's moves from a I major 7 chord to a vi minor 7 chord and passes through a dominant to the vi chord on the way ... AND the third is more or less held as a common tone through all 3 chords. (", "that kind of dominant is often referred to as a \"secondary\" dominant.\" ", "whether or not you use that terminology isn't important ... sometimes it's labeled as V/iv. ", "But, again, that's not the important part.", "\n\nso those first three chords show us that ANYTIME you're moving from I to vi you can do it exactly as you see in con alma. ", "in rhythm changes, in blues, in other standards whatever.", "\n\nhope this helps!", "\n\nI see that now! ", "Seeing it in E obstructs the thought process.", "\n\nIt's simpler than I thought. ", "Now the Ab7/Eb -- do I treat that as an Ab7 inversion, i.e. a III7? ", "Or is that truly an Eb-6?", "\n\nThough I seem to have conquered the rushing, I've now discovered that on some tunes, I get into a habit of sticking to stepwise movement and less arpeggiations. ", "I need to practice to counter this. ", "I think I got so used to hearing the melodies in a linear motion. ", "Here's an example. ", "Also my \"sentence\" construction needs improvement.", "\n\nThough I seem to have conquered the rushing, I've now discovered that on some tunes, . . ", ".Solarhttps://www.box.com/s/sk2o0qbcnl7xvklccaf9Audience loved it though (lots of attentive nodding heads), I'm sure because the groove was there.", "\n\n+1 on the great improvement! ", "You sound so much \"on it\"! ", "If you would cut back on your LH 50% it would sound even better . . ", "IMO.", "\n\nIf you like it! ", "You might, however, find it intesting to identify common tones that go across the chords. ", "Make lines by emphasizing your set of common tones while also surrounding them with other notes that aren't common tones.", "\n\nEDIT - I found different changes in Colorado Book with Tritone subs added... [/quote]\n\nthere are always a million ways ... and the more u work through them, the more you'll have even more choices ready to go\n\nIf you like it! ", "You might, however, find it intesting to identify common tones that go across the chords. ", "Make lines by emphasizing your set of common tones while also surrounding them with other notes that aren't common tones.", "\n\nEDIT - I found different changes in Colorado Book with Tritone subs added... there are always a million ways ... and the more u work through them, the more you'll have even more choices ready to go\n\nI know I have to sit there and do those common tones but I was just analyzing away from the piano. ", "I'm still trying to memorize the changes right now. ", "It goes really fast. ", "Like Giant Steps.", "\n\nFortunately, the head couldn't be simpler! ", "That's the least of my problems. ", "LOL.", "\n\nThank you so much for your helpful advice! ", "We have another jazz teacher in the house!", "\n\nThis Charlie Haden tune is more modal in comparison (no B section). ", "Silence is really a nice tune. ", "I've never heard it before. ", "Nice find.", "\n\nYes, there's a B section, but not a usual one. ", "It is a really beautiful tune, I love how the A and B section contrast each other harmony wise.", "So for those of you interested and as it's not in any books I've seen, here's the chart: https://www.box.com/s/vmgjhei5hv87l24gg1vpEnjoy!", "\n\nThough I seem to have conquered the rushing, I've now discovered that on some tunes, I get into a habit of sticking to stepwise movement and less arpeggiations. ", "I need to practice to counter this. ", "I think I got so used to hearing the melodies in a linear motion. ", "Here's an example. ", "Also my \"sentence\" construction needs improvement.", "\n\nAudience loved it though (lots of attentive nodding heads), I'm sure because the groove was there.", "\n\nJW, It's like you're a different player on this track. ", "Your lines are flowing really good. ", "Make sure to rest once in a while. ", "Solar is such a great blowing tune.", "\n\nAlso, can I have your audience?", "\n\nThanks Knots and Chris!", "\n\nI didn't post it expecting good comments. ", "I just hear the problems so that was really appreciated.", "\n\nBTW Knotty, I had a SINGLE session with Dave Frank and my playing changed OVERNIGHT. ", "Fun session too.", "\n\nAnyway as I was saying, I wasn't following all of Dave's advice and I could hear it so I know there's some more tweaking. ", "But the main hump has been crossed I think. (", "Thanks Dave!).", "\n\nNow on the AUDIENCE -- I can't believe this but I'm drawing a local crowd of Jazz fans. ", "They show up every month. ", "We are the only musicians performing here and we've turned the restaurant/café into a Jazz club when we play. ", "The place is packed. ", "The seats are already reserved before we start by return customers. ", "There was someone (unbeknownst to me) that distributed fliers. ", "These are real jazz fans so they really liked stuff like Inner Urge.", "\n\nAnd the tough part is (ignoring the noisy people) they are actually watching our every move. ", "LOL.", "\n\nWe did one trial gig here 6 months ago and we've been back regularly ever since. ", "This is a great example of developing your own audience. ", "And now we're sounding even much better than what they originally heard.", "\n\nThis is the smallest but the most fun place we play at. ", "If you look at the Facebook pics, we're packed like sardines! ", "The audience is as well.", "\n\nThis Charlie Haden tune is more modal in comparison (no B section). ", "Silence is really a nice tune. ", "I've never heard it before. ", "Nice find.", "\n\nYes, there's a B section, but not a usual one. ", "It is a really beautiful tune, I love how the A and B section contrast each other harmony wise.", "So for those of you interested and as it's not in any books I've seen, here's the chart: https://www.box.com/s/vmgjhei5hv87l24gg1vpEnjoy!", "\n\nWe talked about this a few years ago, but do you recall that I thought it was the treatment of the Gb, Eb, Bb and some other chords that made it a difficult tune? ", "The major resting points of Fmaj Dm, and Am are all ok, but then how to treat the semitones up? ", "For this reason I've really enjoyed working on the tune. ", "Once the puzzle has been solved, it comes together nicely except when I forget some bit of the melody.", "\n\nI don't recall specifics of our earlier discussions on Beatrice but I think this tune requires close examination of common tones among the chords. ", "As I discovered it benefits from that kind of analysis more than a chord by chord approach.", "\n\nFor one thing some of the 'theory' behind some chords are not entirely clear. ", "Is the Am7 a ii chord or a iii chord? ", "Is the Cm7 a ii chord or a vi chord? ", "When I think common tones then it changed the way I looked at it.", "\n\nI played it today and realized I'd probably change the way I attack this next time.", "\n\nthere's a lot to be gained by playing (only) the melody and (only) the bass line of the opening measures .. so, other words as a simple 2-part phrase.", "\n\nif you play it over and over again (or perhaps just a few times), you may find a very nice and perhaps not so obvious way to to solo on it. ", "harmonizations can also be found this way ... actually for any tune.", "\n\n... the key is the two part structure ... (top and bottom lines only) and how that effects what we hear of the tune ...\n\nthere's a lot to be gained by playing (only) the melody and (only) the bass line of the opening measures .. so, other words as a simple 2-part phrase.", "\n\nif you play it over and over again (or perhaps just a few times), you may find a very nice and perhaps not so obvious way to to solo on it. ", "harmonizations can also be found this way ... actually for any tune.", "\n\n... the key is the two part structure ... (top and bottom lines only) and how that effects what we hear of the tune ...\n\nhope this helps!", "\n\nI actually successfully played through Con Alma at tempo yesterday. ", "There's some nice tension built up in the first 2 bars of each phrase of the melody. ", "And I realize you don't have to do much there but allow the tension to occur.", "\n\nMaybe because I heard the Pasqua version first that I like the effect of intervallic playing on those two bars. ", "Sparse but the highest level of tension. ", "Then each following two bars of the A reduce the tension a little bit until the next set of 4.", "\n\nCon Alma: I played it Dave Franks way with the last A in Eb. ", "It really works well and it's a good exercise to learn the A section in two keys. ", "Improvising, however, is difficult, and doing the last A in another key just adds to the challenge. ", "I'm not ready to improvise on this one in public yet.", "\n\nBeatrice: jazzwee; I think the reference to C- is a typo? ", "Also, on learnjazzstandards.com, a cite I like alot, they say that the D- in bar 12 is sometimes played as a D major. ", "I do that sometimes as it's a cool sound. ", "One example of this, according to the site, is the Stan Getz version of Ballads and Bossas, one of my favorite CDs (Kenny Barron on keyboard).", "\n\nCon Alma: I played it Dave Frank's way with the last A in Eb. ", "It really works well and it's a good exercise to learn the A section in two keys. ", "Improvising, however, is difficult, and doing the last A in another key just adds to the challenge. ", "I'm not ready to improvise on this one in public yet.", "\n\nBeatrice: jazzwee; I think the reference to C- is a typo? ", "Also, on learnjazzstandards.com, a cite I like a lot, they say that the D- in bar 12 is sometimes played as a D major. ", "I do that sometimes as it's a cool sound. ", "One example of this, according to the site, is the Stan Getz version of Ballads and Bossas, one of my favorite CDs (Kenny Barron on keyboard).", "\n\nI avoid playing m7 chord voicings, except on the Gm7 (and of course the Em7(b5)-A7alt turnaround). ", "I play a min(add9) [leaving out the 7).A tune like Beatrice gains from being sparse.", "\n\nNow the question is why you think this?", "\n\nAnd do you consider the Am a ii chord or iii chord (of Bb)?Do you consider the C- as ii chord or vi chord?", "\n\nThe reason for my question is that depending on one's interpretation, one could linger longer on common tones and thus simplify the melodic flow,\n\nI approach all of the chords that are a semitone above the stable chords of Fmaj, Dm and Am as some type of sub for V7 or ii V7 or some type of V7sus. ", "If I treat them as movement chords everything falls in place. ", "If I treat them like other resting points the lines become harder to piece together.", "\n\nI avoid playing m7 chord voicings, except on the Gm7 (and of course the Em7(b5)-A7alt turnaround). ", "I play a min(add9) [leaving out the 7).A tune like Beatrice gains from being sparse.", "\n\nNow the question is why you think this?", "\n\nBecasue I hear it that way, it's how the tune speaks to me. ", "The m7s becomes to much \"jazz chord a la Berklee\" at least in Beatrice.", "\n\nOriginally Posted By: jazzwee\n\nAnd do you consider the Am a ii chord or iii chord (of Bb)? ", "Do you consider the C- as ii chord or vi chord?", "\n\nNeither. ", "I view them as separate entities.", "\n\nOriginally Posted By: jazzwee\n\nThe reason for my question is that depending on one's interpretation, one could linger longer on common tones and thus simplify the melodic flow,\n\nThere's nothing to simplify in Beatrice IMO, it's a perfect tune to me.", "RE: the Dmin or DMaj, I switch them every other time. ", "As it's the end of only functional ii-V cadence, it makes a nice surprise; this is minor no it's Major . . .", "\n\nHey Chris, I remember you telling me you started playing Beatrice without even hearing the original I should see what Sam Rivers does.", "\n\nYou know, sometimes the original isn't the best. ", "I don't remember being too impressed with the piano solo, but then again I'm pretty hard to please at times. ", "Sam's solo is pretty great, but I imagine that he probably worked out how to play over those changes far more than the rest of the band had a chance to. ", "I believe it wasn't uncommon to have charts arrive at the studio at the same time as the musicians in jazz-type situations.", "\n\nHey Chris, I remember you telling me you started playing Beatrice without even hearing the original I should see what Sam Rivers does.", "\n\nYou know, sometimes the original isn't the best. ", "I don't remember being too impressed with the piano solo, but then again I'm pretty hard to please at times. ", "Sam's solo is pretty great, but I imagine that he probably worked out how to play over those changes far more than the rest of the band had a chance to. ", "I believe it wasn't uncommon to have charts arrive at the studio at the same time as the musicians in jazz-type situations.", "\n\nI'd probably assume that Jaki Byard knew what he was doing. ", "Listening to it he's doing that minor/major thing that Chris was talking about.", "\n\nAnd to my ears, Sam Rivers was considering the Am7 and Cm7 both as ii chords.", "\n\nThis was a topnotch band -- Ron Carter and Tony Williams filling the rest of the slots.", "\n\nrelative to \"original isn't best ...\" ... a few posts back there's a list of a whole bunch of people who've recorded beatrice. ", "as you ca see some major players have applied their various styles to it.", "\n\nsam rivers is the starting place. ... ", "he wrote the tune (beatrice was his wife). ... ", "jaki byard plays a gem of a piano solo on that original recording with SR. ", "you can hear \"old style\" tenths w/sevenths in his left hand. ", "even through a lot of leading players in the early 60's period had moved to rootless voicings, fourths, etc. ", "but that was jaki byard's way ... where others went modern he went back in time and then vice versa. ", "what's (very) special in his solo is what he plays (and how he plays) over those tenths and sevenths.", "\n\nif you haven't listened carefully to JB's solo, and also how he comps behind SR, well ... it's recommended listening! ", "but taste is subjective. ", "your mileage may vary.", "\n\nbtw, JB and SR were two of the MAJOR players in boston in the early 60s. ", "and tony williams (the drummer on the original beatrice recording) is from boston pretty much, that recording with beatrice is like a get together of old friends who really know each other's style ...\n\nchet baker has several beatrice recordings, including a duo w/guitar. ", "CB is about as different in style from SR as you've going to find. ", "robert glasper recently turned beatrice into an uptempo tune with difficult rhythms as well. ", "those versions that joe henderson recorded!", "\n\nif a, b, c, d, e, f, g, played the tune and if you know those versions, you can choose from that pool of experience (or not).", "\n\ncon alma ... i hadn't previously come across that bit where the bridge of CA leads back into the A section transposed into Eb. ", "if you DO go down that road you might consider\n\n1st A as written2nd A TRANSPOSED so it follows from the first. ", "that is, use the C chord at the end of the first A to take you to a transposition for the 2nd A that beings with F major. ", "let that 2nd A take you to the bridge as normal. ", "possibly, since that 2nd A ends on Db, you MIGHT want to stick a G7 in for the bar before the bridge....then keep the bridge as is3rd A in Eb.", "\n\nso the whole tune (just bass notes) becomes\n\nfirst AE D# | C# B | Bb E | Eb Ab | Db C | Bb Ab | G Db | C |\n\n2nd AF E | D C | B F | E A | D C# | B A | G# D | Db G7 |\n\nbridge... remains as originally written\n\nlast AEb D | C Bb | A Eb | D G | C B | A G | F# B | E |\n\n... so that 4-bar pattern that makes up the A section ends up being played 8 different keys .. !!", "\n\n.... you may or may not like all that transposition, it's a matter of taste of course. ", "but transpose those 4 bar patterns and become comfortable with them across many keys and easier they will become!" ]

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[ "I dag avsluttes den internasjonale aksjonsuka mot de nye handelsavtalene som er i ferd med å ryste demokratiet vårt. ", "Avtalene skal få enda mer fart på kommersialiseringen av samfunnet. ", "I Norge arrangeres over 20 markeringer denne uka, fra Alta i nord til Kristiansand i sør.", "\n\nLær deg denne forkortelsen først som sist. ", "Norge er med i forhandlinger om en ny stor handelsavtale som kommer til å begrense det politiske handlingsrommet til våre egne folkevalgte. ", "Trade in Services Agreement (TISA) er avtalen som skal begrense hva slags politikk vi skal ha for tjenestesektoren vår i all framtid. ", "Forhandlerne sitter i Genève denne uken, uten at politikerne har et ord med i laget. ", "Forhandlingsdokumentene er hemmelige. ", "En mindretallsregjering er i ferd med å endre spillereglene for hele Stortinget, mens de nekter oss innsyn.", "\n\nVann, kollektivtransport, post, utdanning og helsetjenester er blant sektorene som ligger på forhandlingsbordet for USA, EU og de 23 andre landene. ", "Gjennom TISA-avtalen skal vi forplikte oss til å slippe til utenlandske selskaper i sektorer vi så langt har beskyttet fra konkurranse.", "\n\nSivilsamfunnet måtte nærmest avdekke at Norge var med i TISA-forhandlingene i 2013. ", "Myndighetene har motvillig begynt å dele informasjon. ", "Folkevalgte politikere har innrømmet at de ikke visste om avtalen i det hele tatt. ", "Det meste politikerne vet om TISA-avtalen har kommet fra Attac, Handelskampanjen eller Fagforbundet. ", "Noen modige folkevalgte har tatt opp kampen for å vite mer.", "\n\nI fjor offentliggjorde Norge det såkalte «åpningstilbudet» fra 2013, som ga en oversikt over hva Norge ville konkurranseutsette og ikke. ", "Noen viktige unntak ble listet opp. ", "Men rammeverket for avtalen er likevel så alvorlig at det er merkelig at en regjering får holde på med dette i fred.", "\n\nTo klausuler i avtalen skal sørge for at regjeringen får avtalefestet sin blåblå politikk. «", "Frys» og «skralle»-klausulene gjør det avtalestridig å innføre nye reguleringer eller frigjøre sektorer fra konkurranse etter at avtalen er signert. ", "Hvis regjeringen privatiserer jernbanen, blir det altså ulovlig å renasjonalisere den.", "\n\nI tillegg til at vi må vite om regjeringen vil konkurranseutsette spesifikke sektorer som høyere utdanning eller jernbanen gjennom TISA-avtalen, må vi vite hvordan rammeverket for avtalen ser ut. ", "Hvordan vil Norge beskytte offentlig sektor? ", "Er det virkelig sant at «frys» og «skralle» er med i avtalen, som EU vil? ", "Ville regjeringen ha med disse klausulene da forhandlingene startet?", "\n\nEU offentliggjorde et hemmeligstemplet forhandlingsmandat som gjorde rede for nettopp disse tingene. ", "Vi krevde å se det samme fra regjeringen. ", "Etter mye fram og tilbake viste det seg at Norge ikke engang har skrevet et forhandlingsmandat. ", "Norske byråkrater sitter altså og forhandler uten politiske føringer for de overordnede spørsmålene i denne avtalen.", "\n\nDet virker nesten som om avtalen er ført an av en autonom enhet i Utenriksdepartementet. ", "Vi er overrasket over hvor lite kontroll politikerne har. ", "De kan ikke svare på spørsmål, og de nekter å stille i debatt. ", "Det er neppe en god strategi hvis de vil avverge det rabalderet som vil komme når flere får vite om dette." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "[Role of nocturnal oximetry in screening for sleep apnea syndrome in pulmonary medicine. ", "Study of 329 patients].", "\nNocturnal oximetry can show nocturnal oxygen desaturation. ", "This examination was proposed as an investigation for the early detection of the sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS). ", "We have compared the results of nocturnal oximetry and polysomnography in 329 consecutive patients seen in the department of thoracic medicine for the early detection of the SAS between June 1990 and June 1995. ", "The diagnosis of SAS was confirmed at the time of polysomnography using an hypopnoea/apnoea index (IAH) greater or equal to 15 per hour. ", "Two parameters of oximetry were well correlated with IAH less than 15 per hour: if the mean oxygen saturation is greater than 92% and for less than five per cent of the time of the examination there was a saturation of less than 90%. ", "The sensitivity was 89.7% and the specificity was 57.8%. ", "Among the 48 false positive cases on oximetry 17 patients were found to be suffering from COPD and 31 patients were probably suffering from a syndrome of upper airways resistance or possibly from the hypoventilation obesity syndrome. ", "Amongst the 22 false, negatives to oximetry 10 non COPD patients with an IAH of greater than 30 per hour and diurnal somnolence had important anomalies of the oro-pharyngeal pathway as the origin of their nocturnal apnoea. ", "The 12 other false negatives were patients with moderate SAS with an IAH of between 15 and 20 per hour. ", "Logistical analysis has shown the association of the two oximetric criteria (mean oxygen saturation or percentage of time with a saturation of less than 5%) with clinical criteria (body mass index and formation on diurnal somnolence from a questionnaire) would enable a probable diagnosis of SAS in 75% of cases. ", "Our study shows that nocturnal oximetry used an early diagnosis test, associated with clinical and respiratory function data enables the number of requests for polysomnography to be reduced." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "John Sigismund Unitarian Academy\n\nThe John Sigismund Unitarian Academy (), located in Cluj-Napoca (formerly Kolozsvár), Romania, was a theological school founded in 1557 by the Unitarian Diocese of Transylvania.", "\n\nFoundation\nThe Diet of Torda (1557) established three schools in the former monasteries of Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca), Marosvásárhely (Târgu Mureş) and Nagyvárad (Oradea). ", "Queen Isabella, regent for the infant John Sigismund, granted the school in Kolozsvár the annual sum of 100 forints. ", "The then Lutheran Ferenc Dávid was appointed rector but shortly afterwards he converted to Calvinism (1564–1567) and then Anti–trinitarianism, and from 1568 Unitarianism. ", "His son-in-law Johann Sommer was moderator of the Academy. ", "In the next generation György Enyedi was moderator of the Academy.", "\n\nHabsburg Rule\nWhen Transylvania fell under Habsburg rule the Diploma Leopoldinum (1690) granted the rights of all four Christian denominations,(Which ones? ", "This should be more specific.) ", " and a process of re-catholisation followed. ", "The building which had been used 1557-1693 for the Unitarian High School was returned to the Jesuits. ", "The school moved to four buildings on the Town Square, nearby St. Michael’s Church which remained in Unitarian hands. ", "However on the 6 May 1697 most of Cluj-Napoca was destroyed in major fire - including the School. ", "The school's rector was sent to the Netherlands to raise funds from Unitarian and Arminian supporters. ", "Following the defeat of Francis II Rákóczi, the Catholic church finally regained possession of St. Michael’s Church, and in 1718 the recently rebuilt school buildings on the square. ", "The school relocated to what is today 21 December St.\n\nAndrzej Wiszowaty Jr., great-great grandson of Fausto Sozzini, taught at the college 1726-1740, during the period in the 1730s when the Unitarian Church was reorganized and strengthened by Mihály Lombard de Szentábrahám.", "\n\n19th century\nThe school was rebuilt in baroque style in 1801, home today to the Healthcare School. ", "A second house was added in 1887, giving the school 55 rooms. ", "From 1850 the school had an average of 400 students, 200 of whom lodged in the dormitories, and 25 professors. ", "Prominent Hungarian-speaking Unitarian alumni of the 19th century included Sámuel Brassai, poets Mihály Szentiváni and János Kriza, historians Elek Jakab and László Kővári, chemist Áron Berde and the writer Domokos Gyallai.", "\n\nModern history\nThe present building next to the Unitarian Church, constructed in 1901, is the largest school building in Cluj-Napoca. ", "Between 1950-1993 the school was renamed as the Sámuel Brassai School. ", "In 1993 it was reopened and renamed in 2003 after John II Sigismund Zápolya, the first prince of the Principality of Transylvania.", "\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website\n\nCategory:Schools in Romania\nCategory:Unitarian Church of Transylvania\nCategory:Protestantism in Romania\nCategory:History of Christianity in Romania\nCategory:1557 establishments in Europe" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Welcome to Trustees' Garden\n\nAt Trustees' Garden we want to create a very popular gathering place where people can mingle daily with artisans, philosophers, scientists, writers, researchers and people from different disciplines and walks of life.", "\n\nWe want to encourage healthy lifestyles by promoting exercise, eating healthy foods and stimulating conversation with very limited car/truck traffic and parking.", "\n\nWe want Trustees’ Garden to be a safe and comfortable place for quiet contemplation and other activities. ", "We want to also provide spaces for children to play, learn and do fun things with their families.", "\n\nOur goal is to make sure that Trustees’ Garden is financially, socially and environmentally sustainable so it will last for generations.", "\n\nTestimonials\n\nI LOVE you all. ", "I have never had a site be so helpful and want to get everything set up for me ahead of time. ", "I suppose that is because I have a lot of people getting married outside, in tents, in barns, at forts etc. ", "A girl could get used to this great treatment!", "\n\n-Elizabeth Demos, Event Planner\n\nIt was nice meeting you and thank you to everyone there who helped make us feel so welcome. ", "We were thankful to have use of the kitchen and space to perform the catering services at last night's wedding." ]

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[ "OWWA Programs and Services: Workers Welfare Assistance Program\n\nThe Philippine government understands the plight of Overseas Filipino Workers and the sacrifices you need to make to be able to provide a better future for your family. ", "This is why the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) is born, which specifically focuses on migrant workers.", "\n\nAside from helping you put up your own business through OWWA Loan facility, OWWA also provides services including Workers Welfare Assistance Program.", "\n\nThis service is classified into two categories:\n\nOn-site assistance and services\n\nIn-country services On-site Assistance and Services\n\nOWWA is present in 31 overseas posts located at 27 different countries. ", "This service is extended to Filipino migrant workers to assist you at your respective job site by the Philippine Overseas Labor officials. ", "This service covers the following:\n\nAssistance on OFW’s information and whereabouts\n\nAirport assistance upon deployment\n\nPsycho-social counseling\n\nMediation or conciliation with your employer to settle differences and misunderstanding in an amicable manner\n\nHospital / prison / work camp visitations\n\nLegal assistance to overseas Filipino workers who wish to pursue labor or welfare case against your employer in the host country.", "\n\nIn-Country Services\n\nThis type of assistance is extended not just to the Filipino migrant workers but also their respective families at the homefront. ", "This covers request from families or next-of-kins (NOKs) for assistance from overseas posts of OWWA.", "\n\nAside from this, the in-country services provide post-repatriation assistance when the migrant worker is back in the Philippines. ", "This covers the following benefits:\n\nTemporary shelter at the OWWA Halfway House\n\nStress Debriefing or Counselling\n\nTransportation allowance to your respective province\n\nReferrals\n\nTo be able to enjoy these benefits, it is imperative that you pay the $25 membership contribution. ", "This fee covers many other benefits and the Workers Welfare Assistance Program is just one of them." ]

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[ "/**\n * Copyright (c) 2006-2015 The Apereo Foundation\n *\n * Licensed under the Educational Community License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://opensource.org/licenses/ecl2\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.", "\n */\n/**\n * \n */\npackage org.sakaiproject.tool.resetpass;\n\nimport java.util.", "ArrayList;\nimport java.util.", "List;\nimport java.util.", "Locale;\nimport org.joda.time.format.", "PeriodFormat;\nimport org.joda.time.format.", "PeriodFormatter;\nimport org.joda.time.", "Period;\n\nimport org.sakaiproject.component.api.", "ServerConfigurationService;\nimport org.sakaiproject.tool.api.", "Placement;\nimport org.sakaiproject.tool.api.", "ToolManager;\n\nimport uk.org.ponder.localeutil.", "LocaleGetter;\nimport uk.org.ponder.messageutil.", "MessageLocator;\nimport uk.org.ponder.messageutil.", "TargettedMessage;\nimport uk.org.ponder.messageutil.", "TargettedMessageList;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.components.", "UIBranchContainer;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.components.", "UICommand;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.components.", "UIContainer;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.components.", "UIForm;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.components.", "UIInput;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.components.", "UIMessage;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.components.", "UIOutput;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.components.", "UIVerbatim;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.flow.jsfnav.", "NavigationCase;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.flow.jsfnav.", "NavigationCaseReporter;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.view.", "ComponentChecker;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.view.", "DefaultView;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.view.", "ViewComponentProducer;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.viewstate.", "SimpleViewParameters;\nimport uk.org.ponder.rsf.viewstate.", "ViewParameters;\n\n\n/**\n * @author dhorwitz\n *\n */\npublic class FormProducer implements ViewComponentProducer, DefaultView,NavigationCaseReporter {\n\n\tpublic static final String VIEW_ID = \"form\";\n\n\t// prefix for targetted messages that are source in tool configuration rather than a resource bundle\n\tprivate final String TOOL_CONFIG_PREFIX = \"toolconfig_\";\n\n\tprivate static final String MAX_PASSWORD_RESET_MINUTES = \"accountValidator.maxPasswordResetMinutes\";\n\tprivate static final int MAX_PASSWORD_RESET_MINUTES_DEFAULT = 60;\n\n\t/* (non-Javadoc)\n\t * @see uk.org.ponder.rsf.view.", "ViewComponentProducer#getViewID()\n\t */\n\tpublic String getViewID() {\n\t\treturn VIEW_ID;\n\t}\n\n\tMessageLocator messageLocator;\n\tpublic void setMessageLocator(MessageLocator ml) {\n\t\tmessageLocator = ml;\n\t}\n\t\n\tprivate ServerConfigurationService serverConfigurationService;\n\tpublic void setServerConfigurationService(ServerConfigurationService s) {\n\t\tthis.serverConfigurationService = s;\n\t}\n\t\n\tprivate TargettedMessageList tml;\n\t \n\t public void setTargettedMessageList(TargettedMessageList tml) {\n\t\t this.tml = tml;\n\t }\n \n\tprivate ToolManager toolManager;\n\tpublic void setToolManager(ToolManager toolManager) {\n\t\tthis.toolManager = toolManager;\n\t}\n\n\tprivate static LocaleGetter localeGetter;\n\tpublic void setLocaleGetter(LocaleGetter localeGetter)\n\t{\n\t\tthis.localeGetter = localeGetter;\n\t}\n\n\tprivate Locale getLocale()\n\t{\n\t\treturn localeGetter.get();\n\t}\n\t\n\t/* (non-Javadoc)\n\t * @see uk.org.ponder.rsf.view.", "ComponentProducer#fillComponents(uk.org.ponder.rsf.components.", "UIContainer, uk.org.ponder.rsf.viewstate.", "ViewParameters, uk.org.ponder.rsf.view.", "ComponentChecker)\n\t */\n\tpublic void fillComponents(UIContainer tofill, ViewParameters viewParms,\n\t\t\tComponentChecker comp) {\n\t\t// TODO Auto-generated method stub\n\n\t\tPlacement placement = toolManager.getCurrentPlacement();\n\t\t\n\t\tif (tml!=null) {\n\t\t\tif (tml.size() > 0) {\n\n\t\t \tfor (int i = 0; i < tml.size(); i ++ ) {\n\t\t \t\tUIBranchContainer errorRow = UIBranchContainer.make(tofill,\"error-row:\");\n\t\t \t\tTargettedMessage tmessage = tml.messageAt(i);\n\t\t \t\tString messageKey = tmessage.acquireMessageCode();\n\t\t \t\tif (messageKey.startsWith(TOOL_CONFIG_PREFIX)) {\n\t\t \t\t\t// The messageKey begins with toolconfig_, so grab it from tool properties\n\t\t \t\t\tString toolConfigKey = messageKey.substring(TOOL_CONFIG_PREFIX.length());\n\t\t \t\t\tString message = placement.getConfig().getProperty(toolConfigKey);\n\t\t \t\t\tUIVerbatim.make(errorRow, \"error\", message);\n\t\t \t\t}\n\t\t \t\telse if (tmessage.args !", "= null ) {\t \t\t\n\t\t \t\t\tUIVerbatim.make(errorRow, \"error\", messageLocator.getMessage(messageKey, (String[])tmessage.args));\n\t\t \t\t} else {\n\t\t \t\t\tUIVerbatim.make(errorRow, \"error\", messageLocator.getMessage(messageKey));\n\t\t \t\t}\n\t\t \t\t\n\t\t \t}\n\t\t }\n\t\t}\n\t\t// Get the instructions from the tool placement.", "\n\t\tif (placement !", "= null) {\n\t\t\tString instuctions = placement.getConfig().getProperty(\"instructions\");\n\t\t\tif (instuctions !", "= null && instuctions.length() > 0) {\n\t\t\t\tUIVerbatim.make(tofill, \"instructions\", instuctions);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tString[] args = new String[1];\n\t\t\targs[0]=serverConfigurationService.getString(\"ui.service\", \"Sakai Based Service\");\n\t\t\tUIVerbatim.make(tofill,\"main\",messageLocator.getMessage(\"mainText\", args));\n\t\t}\n\t\tUIForm form = UIForm.make(tofill,\"form\");\n\t\tint expirationTime = serverConfigurationService.getInt(MAX_PASSWORD_RESET_MINUTES, MAX_PASSWORD_RESET_MINUTES_DEFAULT);\n\t\tif(tml!=null && tml.size() == 0) {\n\t\t\tUIOutput.make( form, \"output\", messageLocator.getMessage(\"explanation\", new Object[]{getFormattedMinutes(expirationTime)} ));\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tUIInput.make(form,\"input\",\"#{userBean.email}\");\n\n\t\tboolean validatingAccounts = serverConfigurationService.getBoolean( \"siteManage.validateNewUsers\", false );\n\t\tif ( validatingAccounts )\n\t\t{\n\t\t\tUICommand.make( form, \"submit\", UIMessage.make( \"postForm2\" ), \"#{formHandler.processAction}\" );\n\t\t}\n\t\telse\n\t\t{\n\t\t\tUICommand.make( form, \"submit\", UIMessage.make( \"postForm\" ), \"#{formHandler.processAction}\" );\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Converts some number of minutes into a presentable String'\n\t * ie for English:\n\t * 122 minutes -> 2 hours 2 minutes\n\t * 121 minutes -> 2 hours 1 minute\n\t * 120 minutes -> 2 hours\n\t * 62 minutes -> 1 hour 2 minutes\n\t * 61 minutes -> 1 hour 1 minute\n\t * 60 minutes -> 1 hour\n\t * 2 minutes -> 2 minutes\n\t * 1 minutes -> 1 minute\n\t * 0 minutes -> 0 minutes\n\t * Works with other languages too.", "\n\t * @param totalMinutes some number of minutes\n\t * @return a presentable String representation of totalMinutes\n\t */\n\tpublic String getFormattedMinutes(int totalMinutes)\n\t{\n\t\t// Create a joda time period (takes milliseconds)\n\t\tPeriod period = new Period(totalMinutes*60*1000);\n\t\t// format the period for the locale\n\t\t/* \n\t\t * Covers English, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Japanese, Portuguese, and Spanish. ", "\n\t\t * To translate into others, see http://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/PeriodFormat.html#wordBased(java.util.Locale)\n\t\t * (ie. ", "put the properties mentioned in http://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/src-html/org/joda/time/format/PeriodFormat.html#line.94 into the classpath resource bundle)\n\t\t */\n\t\tPeriodFormatter periodFormatter = PeriodFormat.wordBased(getLocale());\n\t\treturn periodFormatter.print(period);\n\t}\n\t\n\t public List<NavigationCase> reportNavigationCases() {\n\t\t List<NavigationCase> togo = new ArrayList<NavigationCase>(); // Always navigate back to this view.", "\n\t\t togo.add(new NavigationCase(null, new SimpleViewParameters(VIEW_ID)));\n\t\t togo.add(new NavigationCase(\"Success\", new SimpleViewParameters(ConfirmProducer.", "VIEW_ID)));\n\t\t return togo;\n\t }\n\t \n}\n" ]

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[ "Heat transfer enhancement by louvering or slitting plate fin surfaces in heat exchangers has long been recognized as offering significant improvements in plate finned coil performance. ", "The form and arrangement of the louvers are unique to the type of plate fin surface used in the particular heat exchanger since the airflow characteristics vary with the type of plate fin surface. ", "The airflow characteristics of a surface depend upon whether the surface is flat, corrugated or wavy, and depend upon the arrangement of the heat transfer tubes. ", "Most surfaces known today increase the heat transfer performance of the coil when the heat transfer surface is dry, such as when the coil is used as a refrigerant condenser. ", "However, when the surfaces are wet, such as when the coil is used as an evaporator, the heat transfer performance is not improved by louvering or slitting the plate fin surface. ", "Additionally, many previous plate fin surfaces suffer from high airside pressure drop, which means that more power is required to move air through the coil.", "\nU.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,860,822 discloses sinusoidal plate fin surfaces having lances located at each peak and trough in the area between the heat transfer tubes. ", "Similarly, European patent application EP 0 325 553 Al discloses sinusoidal plate fin surfaces having apertures located at each peak and trough in the area between the heat transfer tubes. ", "U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "4,817,709 and 4,787,442 clearly show \"delta wings\" and \"ramps\" located after each peak and trough in the area between the heat transfer tubes. ", "U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "4,614,230 and 3,397,741 are examples of patents which show a slight gap between the heat transfer tubes but still disclose louvers located in the areas between the heat transfer tubes. ", "Neither of these last mentioned patents are directed to wavy plate fin surfaces, which means that their airflow characteristics will vary considerably from the airflow characteristics of a wavy plate fin surface." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nUncaught ReferenceError: Gallery is not defined in js\n\nI am working on the cube gallery to display the cubes....\nI am having an error....\nUncaught ReferenceError: Gallery is not defined fiddle.jshell.net:722\nhow to fix the error.....\\\nmy fiddle is also below \nhttp://jsfiddle.net/N3GTy/12/\nproviding my code below\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n /*\n |------------------------------------------|\n | MelonHTML5 - 3D Cube Gallery |\n |------------------------------------------|\n | @author: Lee Le (lee@melonhtml5.com) |\n | @version: 1.02 (09 Jan 2013) |\n | @website: www.melonhtml5.com |\n |------------------------------------------|\n */\n Gallery = {\n _config: {\n speed: 500,\n size: 100,\n lightbox: !", "0,\n closeOnEsc: !", "0,\n animation: \"default\",\n slideshow: !", "1,\n slideshow_speed: 3E3,\n cube_speed: 1E3\n },\n lightbox_speed: 300,\n window_width: null,\n window_height: null,\n _cube_timeout: null,\n _gallery: null,\n _overlay: null,\n _lightbox: null,\n _current: null,\n _in_slideshow: !", "1,\n init: function() {\n Gallery._buildContainer(!0, !", "0);\n Gallery.window_width = $(window).width();\n Gallery.window_height = $(window).height();\n $(document).keydown(Gallery.", "Events.keyDown);\n $(window).resize(Gallery.", "Events.windowResize);\n Gallery._startCube()\n },\n\nA:\n\nYou are calling Gallery.setOptions({...}) before Gallery is even defined.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Prizes\n\nGrand Prize Winner (1)\n\nADK Odin Microphone\n\nRunner Up Winner (6) - Each runner up will receive one of six possible guitar stands" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field\nThe embodiments discussed herein are related to a semiconductor storage device and control methods thereof.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Relate Art\nFIG. ", "1 illustrates a conventional semiconductor storage device. ", "A semiconductor storage device 1 includes a multistage buffer 10, clock control circuits 20-1 to 20-n, an address decoding circuit 30 which selects a buffer used for writing and an address decoding circuit 40 which selects a buffer used for reading. ", "The multistage buffer 10 is an n-stage buffer (n is a natural number equal to or greater than 2) including buffers 11-1 to 11-n. Each of the buffers 11-1 to 11-n include an m-stage flip-flop (m is a natural number) including flip-flops 12-0 to 12 (m−1). ", "FIG. ", "1 illustrates, input data 130 to be written to the multistage buffer 10, ODT represents output data to be read from the multistage buffer 10, an address signal 120, and a clock signal 100.", "\nA clock signal 100 is supplied only to a buffer corresponding to a selected address from a corresponding one of the clock signal circuits 20-1 to 20-n. Thus, it is possible to operate only a single buffer among the multistage buffer 10. ", "Since no clock signals 100 are supplied to buffers other than the buffer corresponding to the selected address, power consumption of the entire semiconductor storage device 1 can be reduced.", "\nHowever, an increase in the number of stages n of the multistage buffer 10 leads to an increase in the mounting area of the semiconductor storage device 1 and thus an increase in the data transmission distance. ", "Therefore, it is desired to amplify data by providing transfer buffers in signal lines which transfer data. ", "Since such transfer buffers are provided at designated intervals and at each stage of the multistage buffer 10, an increase in the number of stages n of the multistage buffer 10 results in a significant number of transfer buffers. ", "While FIG. ", "1 illustrates only some transfer buffers as transfer buffers 15, the actual number of the transfer buffers 15 may vary, e.g., be large.", "\nTherefore, even if an attempt is made to reduce the power consumption of the entire semiconductor storage device 1 by supplying a clock signal 100 only to a buffer in the multistage buffer 10 which corresponds to a selected address, the individual transfer buffers 15 keep operating, and thus the amount of reduction of power consumption may be limited." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nChange Magento URL in products page\n\nI am a newbie, so I would need some help. ", "How do I change URLS in my products CMS? ", "Can't find something in CMS Pages or Static Blocks.", "\n\nI would like to change \"Versand\", but I can't find the source. ", "Someone knows something?", "\n\nA:\n\nIt might be added from local.xml or somewhere in your xml as alert.url ref name. ", "It's hard to tell from here. ", "\nYou can also enable template/block from System -> Configuration -> Developer -> Debug. ", "More reading: http://alanstorm.com/find_magento_block_name\nMake sure you also select Website name as described here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24273443/in-magento-1-9-0-0-how-can-i-enable-template-path-hint\nThis will tell you where that text/link is coming from.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?", ">\n<!--", "\n ~ @package FOF\n ~ @copyright Copyright (c)2010-2020 Nicholas K. Dionysopoulos / Akeeba Ltd\n ~ @license GNU General Public License version 2, or later\n -->\n\n<schema>\n <!-- ", "Metadata -->\n <meta>\n <!-- ", "Supported driver types -->\n <drivers>\n <driver>foobar</driver>\n </drivers>\n </meta>\n <sql>\n <action table=\"#__ak_profiles\" canfail=\"0\">\n <condition type=\"missing\" value=\"\" />\n <query><![CDATA[\n DIE DIE DIE;\n ]]></query>\n </action>\n </sql>\n</schema>" ]

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[ "Scalzi has made an announcement and revision.", "\n\nA couple of years ago, I wrote a piece on my personal feminism, in which I noted that while I can be considered a feminist on the fundamental level of “women are entitled to the same rights and privileges as men, with everything that implies in terms of access to education, economic opportunity and personal liberty,” I usually didn’t call myself one, for various and what I thought at the time were perfectly reasonable reasons. ", "Then 2014 happened, and those reasonable reasons now kind of feel like careful, rationalizing bullshit to me. ", "So, as an update to my thoughts on my personal feminism: Hell yes, I’m a feminist.", "\n\nThat’s an advantage of creating Deep Rifts — they compel people to think about their position and clarify what side they’re on, because standing in the middle is no longer tenable. ", "Not that taking the middle ground was ever really tenable, but it was more comfortable once upon a time, and gave one the option to avoid addressing the issues (not that Scalzi has ever been ambiguous). ", "It’s becoming increasingly difficult to take the coward’s way out by declining to take a stand, which is a good thing, even if it does make some people furious.", "\n\nI’m happy to stand on the same side of the chasm as Scalzi." ]

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[ "Over 100 Competitors Race In FYRo Macedonia\n\nIlinden International Regatta 2006\n\nOhrid, FYRo Macedonia\n\n108 contestants made this year's Ilinden International Regatta a runaway success on Lake Ohrid in FYRo Macedonia. ", "Competitors from four different nations battled for the titles.", "\n\nThe regatta took place from 31 July-2 Augst with a total of six to eight races held depending on the class. ", "Racing took place across a range of ages in the Optimist, Laser, Laser Radial, 470, Europe, Flying Junior, Mistral and Keelboats. ", "The average air temperature was 26-28˚C; average water temperature 23˚C and average wind eight to ten knots. ", "The sailing courses were Olympic Trapezoid for Optimist, Laser, 470 and Europe and Olympic Triangle for Flying Junior, Mistral and Keelboats.", "\n\nThe regatta was strongly supported with an International Jury comprised of one ISAF International from Montenegro, and one National Judge from both Bulgaria and Macedonia. ", "There were Race Committee boats on every mark, three support boats for emergency interventions, a motorboat with a medical team of two doctors, the jury boat, a finish boat, and a ship for coaches, parents, guests and the press.", "\n\nThe Winners\n\nMontenegro's Igor LES took the Optimist title ahead of team mate Dusan BOGDANOVIC, with Macedonia's Dimitar STEFANIJA in third. ", "Petrova JOANA (BUL) took the girls' title.", "\n\nSerbia's Dejan VASILIJEVIC was a clear winner in the Laser, with last year's champion Martin PEJOSKI of the host nation in fourth. ", "Serbia also took the honours in the Laser Radial and 470 thanks to Maja KNEZEVIC and Igor IVANCIR and Dejan ANTIC respectively. ", "Meanwhile Macedonia swept up victories in the Mistral, Flying Junior and keelboat raced in the Minitonec.", "\n\nApart from racing, a busy social calendar was organized for every participant in the regatta. ", "Overall the regatta was a success, the organizing authority was satisfied, the guests were happy and everybody was in great spirits." ]

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[ "cDNA microarray analysis of cyclosporin A (CsA)-treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveal modulation of genes associated with apoptosis, cell-cycle regulation and DNA repair.", "\nCyclosporin A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant that has been extensively used to attenuate patient immune response following organ transplantation. ", "The molecular biological mechanism of CsA has been extensively investigated in human T cells, and it has been shown to involve modulation of the intracellular calcineurin pathway. ", "However, it is plausible that this chemical immunosuppressant certainly up- or down-regulate many other biochemical pathways of immune cells. ", "In the present study, we used the cDNA microarray method to characterize the gene expression profile of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) treated in vitro with CsA and controls. ", "The CsA treated PBMC displayed statistically significant induction of genes involved in the control of cell-cycle regulation (TRRAP), apoptosis/DNA repair (PRKDC, MAEA, TIA1), DNA metabolism/response to DNA damage stimulus (PRKDC, FEN1), transcription (NR4A2, THRA) and cell proliferation (FEN1, BIN1), whose data have permitted identification of target genes involved in CsA immunosuppression." ]

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[ "Providing useful insights and making the complex world of energy more accessible, from an experienced industry professional. ", "A service of GSW Strategy Group, LLC.", "\n\nFriday, October 29, 2004\n\nEnergy Policies - George W. Bush\nSome time ago, I promised another look at the candidates' energy policies, and time is running short to do this before next Tuesday. ", "I reviewed Senator Kerry's and Senator Edwards' energy planks during the primaries (see my posting of February 27), and I'll take another run through the Kerry proposals on Monday. ", "Meanwhile, here's a quick look at what George W. Bush's campaign website suggests would happen in a second Bush Administration.", "\n\nThe Bush energy agenda really boils down to three basic initiatives: removing obstacles to increasing domestic energy production, especially oil and gas; investing in infrastructure and technology; and fostering conservation and renewables. ", "The first aspect is the most controversial, by far.", "\n\nThe basic premise of Bush's supply-side proposals is that there is still untapped oil and gas in hard to reach or environmentally sensitive areas, that the nation needs these resources, and that the energy industry can extract them with less environmental impact than previously possible. ", "All three statements are true, though it's important to understand the distinction between what is possible for oil and for gas.", "\n\nWithout rehashing all of the facts I've covered in previous blogs, the US is far down the depletion curve in terms of its original oil endowment. ", "We've produced something like 80 or 90% of what was there to start with (in terms of recoverable oil), and the goal of further development should be seen in terms of managing the rate of overall decline, rather than any possibility of becoming self-sufficient again. ", "Having said that, I think it makes a big difference strategically if we are able to continue producing 5-6 million barrels a day for the next 20 years, or will instead see this fall to 3-4 million without the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and other currently off-limits resources.", "\n\nGas is another story. ", "The big drive for LNG imports, which the President supports, is necessitated by the stagnation of domestic gas supplies, due at least in part to access restrictions in sensitive areas. ", "Promoting more use of gas is good for the environment and for US jobs, but the gas has to come from somewhere. ", "Unless we want to see the steady advance of gas--with all its environmental benefits--stall and give way to dirtier fuels, we will need all of what Bush suggests: more domestic gas, a gas pipeline from Alaska, and LNG imports (which means finding a better way to balance local concerns with national and regional energy needs in deciding where to site LNG terminals.)", "\n\nIn terms of infrastructure, the national power grid, which is really a collection of regional grids, needs new both infrastructure and new ideas. ", "A new electricity policy is overdue, though the specifics matter, and I haven't examined the details of what the Administration is proposing.", "\n\nEnvironmental groups roundly criticized George W. Bush for inadequate measures on conservation and alternative energy, but his support for continued tax benefits for buying hybrid cars, plus the proposed extension of the wind power tax credit, would put real dollars in places where they will have a direct impact on advancing alternatives. ", "My biggest quibble concerns his support for ethanol and biodiesel, most of which has neutral or negative consequences for energy security and provides little more than farm supports in a different guise. ", "This money could be much more effective supporting other forms of renewable energy.", "\n\nFinally, though Bush's hydrogen proposals have been seen as a distraction from saving more energy in the near term, it is vitally important to fund basic research and development on this now, if we expect to see any kind of progress towards a hydrogen economy within the next generation. ", "Hydrogen is something that is most certainly not just \"off the shelf\". ", "Still, there's little discussion--at least on the campaign website--of where all this \"pollution-free\" hydrogen will come from. ", "As you all know by now, hydrogen is an energy carrier, like electricity, and not an energy source, like oil.", "\n\nAll in all, this list is sort of a \"status quo on steroids\". ", "I'd like to see more emphasis on demand-management, particularly on closing the SUV loophole and broadening incentives not just for hybrid cars, but for efficient vehicles of any technology. ", "On the supply side, I wish I saw an alternative to what Bush is proposing that wouldn't result in the US being even more reliant on foreign oil suppliers and on high-carbon fuels like coal in the future. ", "I don't. ", "The reality is we'll need more domestic energy and more imported energy, even as we become more efficient.", "\n\nWhat disappoints me most is that an administration with such a solid energy background and access to the best talent in the energy industry couldn't have come up with a really A+ energy program, rather than a laundry list. ", "We need a balance of vision, in the form of a grand strategy for reducing the country's reliance on unstable suppliers, and practicality in laying out attainable short-, medium-, and long-term steps to get us there. ", "And the most potentially serious shortcoming is the administration's failure to connect energy to climate change, which could prove to be as large a global challenge as the War on Terror.", "\n\nThursday, October 28, 2004\n\nQuite A Contrast\nMost of the stories one hears about the oil industry in Africa tend to focus on corruption and the \"resource curse\", strikes and threats of violence against foreign companies, or environmental damage. ", "By contrast, this story from the Financial Times concerning \"black empowerment\" in South Africa is almost heartwarming.", "\n\nSince the end of the Apartheid era, the South African government has worked to involve black entrepreneurs in the downstream oil products business, often at the individual service station level, but as the article describes, sometimes at much larger scale, in the billions of Rand (@ ZAR 6.15 to the dollar). ", "The result is a substantial economic stake in the the country's fuels business by the previously disenfranchised majority population, as well as employment opportunities and transfers of business practices and relationships.", "\n\nSome might see this as a soft form of asset appropriation or nationalization, but I think it bodes well for the future of the country, especially when compared with the graft that is routine in places like Nigeria. ", "It is also a much better outcome than companies like Mobil, which formerly owned the Engen assets that are going into the joint venture with Sasol referenced in the article, might have expected in a post-Apartheid South Africa. ", "While the country still has a ways to go in deregulating the oil industry, its energy industry is probably on the best path of any sub-Saharan African nation.", "\n\nWednesday, October 27, 2004\n\nPlowing It Back\nWith the international oil majors in the midst of releasing earnings that should set new records, based on sustained high oil prices, those who follow the industry are increasingly asking how much of this cash windfall will be reinvested to find and develop new oilfields. ", "Share buybacks and healthy dividends are fine and good if the only goal is elevating stock prices, but the current market tightness poses a challenge that the industry must either meet or else run the risk of damaging the market's future potential and stimulating the rise of alternatives.", "\n\nAnother recent Financial Times editorial, though, points out that OPEC has been even more remiss in reinvestment than the majors have, for reasons that make perfect sense to the producing countries, if not to the global economy. ", "Much of this comes down to metrics.", "\n\nThe indicators by which you evaluate your success have a lot to do with shaping your future direction, and for the last decade most of the private oil sector has focused on reducing expense , lowering finding and development costs, and improving upstream margins. ", "Those are excellent metrics from a shareholder perspective, since they reward companies for developing only the most profitable projects, but not for a global economy that needs expanding reserves and production to meet future demand.", "\n\nSimilarly, for the OPEC countries the metric that matters most is the remittance from their national oil companies to their national treasuries, or, in some cases, to the pockets of corrupt officials. ", "Investing in extra capacity has not been seen as a good way to maximize this metric, in a market that yields higher prices--and thus higher OPEC revenues--when supplies are tight.", "\n\nToday's producers, driven by these two sets of metrics, could never have created the industry we see. ", "Rather, we are living off the largesse of a previous era, when the industry's performance metrics supported growth in capacity and infrastructure, even if that didn't always maximize short-term profitability. ", "The vintage of the key producing oilfields around the world (when they were discovered and first developed) reflects this, and has become the prime evidence for those suggesting a geologically driven peak in production is near.", "\n\nCould it be that the relative age of these big discoveries reflects a recent marketplace of diminished rewards for the behavior that found those fields in the first place, rather than signifying a diminished universe of opportunities? ", "Perhaps the key component of a peak in production--or at least a supply crunch--lies not in the earth's crust, but in the incentives driving corporate executives and national oil company chiefs.", "\n\nTuesday, October 26, 2004\n\nLow-Profile Power\nHydrogen has been getting lots of coverage lately, but the other \"H\", hydroelectric power, quietly supplies about 4% of this country's total energy consumption and about 7% of our electricity. ", "In fact, the primary publicity hydropower gets these days tends to be bad, relating to the environmental impact of dams, impediments to fish spawning, and some of the same age-related problems as much of our other infrastructure. ", "And as with most other forms of renewable energy, it turns out that when deployed on a sufficiently large scale, it creates as many adversaries as supporters. ", "Perhaps the answer lies in smaller scales: mini- and micro-hydropower.", "\n\nThe idea of mini-hydro, or \"run-of-the-river\" hydro, as it is sometimes called, is that the energy of the current is tapped without having to build a dam to pen in water and force it through large turbines. ", "A mini-hydro turbine functions more like an underwater windmill. ", "It may also be a better fit than conventional hydroelectric power in developing countries, requiring as it does less upfront investment and less infrastructure, such as construction roads that can permanently alter settlement and land-use patterns.", "\n\nThe whole subject of hydropower merits more discussion in the future, since it still represents the largest fraction--by far--of renewable power in this country and elsewhere. ", "With the world looking for more power but lower greenhouse gas emissions, hydropower is an obvious part of the solution, and mini- and micro-hydropower may be the forms that will be most broadly acceptable, given today's concerns about dams.", "\n\nMonday, October 25, 2004\n\nThe \"Hail Mary\" Pass\nA week or so ago the BBC evening news (on PBS) included a report on the possibility of sudden, rapid climate change as a result of accumulating carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. ", "The prospect of the climate changing within a decade or two--which has apparently happened in the geological past--reminded me of a novel strategy I heard about a few years ago, one that might be able to counter such a development. ", "It's called \"ocean sequestration\".", "\n\nI've mentioned carbon sequestration before. ", "Most of the work in this area currently focuses on recovering carbon dioxide from smokestacks, compressing it, and pumping it into disused oil or gas wells or other underground sinks. ", "The technique looks very promising, but it is essentially industrial in nature, requiring substantial investment, infrastructure and expense, making it hard to deploy quickly or on a large scale.", "\n\nOcean sequestration differs in several important ways. ", "First, it would tie up carbon using biological processes, by stimulating plankton growth and effectively capturing the carbon in the pelagic food chain and its solid wastes. ", "As a result, it does not require large amounts of capital or infrastructure. ", "Second, it removes CO2 directly from the atmosphere, rather than from a smokestack, and appears to be easily scalable, making it possible to tackle the much larger sequestration goals that sudden climate change would require.", "\n\nIt's important to recognize that all of the world's other efforts to deal with climate change, such as they Kyoto Treaty, focus on slowing the rate of increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, not on reducing them in absolute terms. ", "However, if we were in a runaway greenhouse effect, we would need a technique that could cut the absolute quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere, in order to restore equilibrium.", "\n\nAlthough ocean sequestration is still in early stages of research, it has come in for serious criticism for its possible impact on ocean ecosystems. ", "The jury is still out on these concerns, and it could turn out that they are negative enough to prevent ocean sequestration from becoming a standard approach for managing greenhouse gas emissions. ", "But if faced with a choice between a rapidly changing climate--with its unpredictable effects not only on ecosystems but on human survivability--I'd like to think that we had at least one \"Hail Mary\" pass like this waiting in our playbook, just in case.", "\n\nFriday, October 22, 2004\n\nOverwhelmed by Barrels\nI was late getting to yesterday's Wall Street Journal, or this item would have been Thursday's blog topic. ", "The editorial page featured this item (subscription required) by Professor Steve Hanke of Johns Hopkins University concerning the impact on oil markets of the Administration's decision to continue filling the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). ", "He asserts that this policy has added $10.00 per barrel to the price of oil. ", "After following this topic for months, I must say that this is easily the most blatantly exaggerated assessment I've seen of the impact of the SPR fill, hinging on a fundamental misunderstanding of how the oil markets work.", "\n\nYou may recall that in previous blogs I had initially defended the SPR addition policy (see posting of February 17), which takes about 130,000 barrels per day out of a 15 million barrel per day physical market in the US. ", "More recently, I concluded that suspending additions would be a good idea (see posting of May 19), but for very different reasons than Dr. Hanke claims.", "\n\nThe problems with his analysis start with the role that inventories play in the oil markets. ", "While changes in inventory certainly influence prices, this does not happen in the way Dr. Hanke suggests, in terms of \"the economics of storage\", but rather by what those changes imply about trends in the supply and demand for oil. ", "The notion that SPR additions \"crowd out\" commercial stocks in any physical sense is absurd. ", "A more defensible conclusion would be that a larger SPR reduces the incentive for holding commercial stocks, but this only works over the long run, not on a week-to-week basis.", "\n\nDr. Hanke goes on to suggest that crude oil prices for current delivery, or \"spot\" prices, should normally be lower than prices for future delivery, or \"futures\". ", "In fact, this state of the market, called \"contango\", occurs sporadically and normally only as the result of a current oversupply of physical oil.", "\n\nIn fact, Dr. Hanke's justification for his claim of a $10.00 per barrel SPR premium seems to rest entirely on the evidence of the market's response to the first President Bush's announcement of an SPR release coinciding with the onset of the Gulf War. ", "As someone who was trading oil products in London that day, I can tell you that the conversation in the market had little to do with changes in inventory and everything to do with the prospect that a volume of oil greater than that produced by Kuwait would turn up in the market if the SPR were tapped, and that the risks of a wider regional war had diminished. (", "I freely admit that the price drop caught me and many other traders by surprise.)", "\n\nUltimately, it appears that Professor Hanke has made the classic mistake of an academic analyzing market data and arriving at a logical but erroneous conclusion, entirely divorced from market realities and, in this case, possibly clouded by politics. ", "The only subject on which we seem to agree is the desirability of modernizing the entire concept of strategic oil storage.", "\n\nThursday, October 21, 2004\n\nFear of the Bear\nYesterday the Washington Post published an editorial highlighting the growing influence of Russia on energy markets. ", "It has surpassed Saudi Arabia as the world's largest oil producer and is well-positioned by geology and geography to be the world's number one natural gas supplier. ", "At a time when Russia's commitment to democracy and markets is less clear than a few years ago, it's reasonable for this realization to cause some concern.", "\n\nI'm not sure that I can dispel these worries entirely, but I'd like to point out a few mitigating facts. ", "First, Russian oil represents this generation's chance--analogous to the North Sea and North Slope 25 years ago--to forestall the total dominance of the oil markets by the Middle East. ", "It may be the last such opportunity, as geology increasingly becomes destiny in terms of the disproportionate share of the world's oil endowment held by the countries around the Persian Gulf. ", "Kremlin politics could still truncate this opportunity, by scaring off the international investors that will be needed for it to reach its full potential in oil.", "\n\nRussia's share of global natural gas reserves is even more impressive than in oil, legitimately earning it the title of the Saudi Arabia of gas. ", "But it is important to understand that global natural gas development is at a very different point than for oil. ", "Gas exploitation is a full generation behind oil exploitation, and the kind of end-game in which Russia's dominant gas reserve position becomes the trump card is many decades away. ", "The challenge for today's gas developers is not a scarcity of world-scale gas reservoirs; rather it is connecting those reserves--in places like Australia, Indonesia, Alaska and Russia--to long-term customer commitments and the capital required to build LNG plants and ships or multi-thousand mile pipelines. ", "This game is in its early days.", "\n\nUltimately I think it's wrong, or at least overly pessimistic, to view Russia as a potential OPEC-like monopolist in gas. ", "Though its economy has a lot of catching up to do, it is hardly a mono-resource developing country. ", "Its oil and gas reserves create a terrific opportunity to align and integrate with the rest of the developed world, including the rapidly developing economies of Asia, rather than holding them hostage to scarcity later. ", "A large part of our diplomacy with Mr. Putin should focus on helping him to see the benefits of such a relationship.", "\n\nWednesday, October 20, 2004\n\nWhat Might Have Been\nSeveral weeks ago, the New York Times printed an article comparing US and French energy policies and energy efficiency over the last several decades. ", "The article was subsequently picked up by the International Herald Tribune, from which this reprint was taken. ", "While interesting in its own right, I think it also provides a fascinating glimpse of a world that might have been, had energy efficiency remained a core value of this country after the resolution of the oil crises of the 1970s.", "\n\nIn fact, such a world is not entirely fanciful, since many commentators have recently suggested that the US should have imposed high gasoline taxes in the aftermath of 9/11, in order to wean the country off imported oil and to reduce the ultimate funding source for many terrorist groups.", "\n\nUsing France as a proxy for a more energy-efficient USA, we can draw some interesting conclusions. ", "For example, from 1971 to 2001, oil's share of total energy in France dropped from roughly 2/3 to just over 1/3, with nuclear power taking up most of the slack. ", "Over the same period, oil reliance in the US dropped from about 48% to 40%. ", "Had the US followed the French pattern, even if the energy alternatives chosen were different, we would today use about 5 million barrels per day less oil than we do, and our oil imports about would be roughly half of the current 10 million barrels per day.", "\n\nThe intervening 30 years would have looked very different. ", "Among other things, the SUV trend would probably never have happened, with all that implies for US carmakers, and we would be driving smaller, less powerful cars. ", "We might even be living in smaller homes, watching smaller TVs, and so on. ", "On a larger scale, the geopolitical implications might have been dramatic, too, including a different relationship with the Middle East.", "\n\nThere's a catch, of course. ", "Over the last 30 years, a side-by-side comparison of the French and US economies (using OECD data) shows that ours grew by an additional 20% of GDP, creating more jobs and more wealth in the process. ", "While there are many reasons for this, setting an artifically high value on energy versus its real-world cost in this period no doubt contributed to the difference in performance.", "\n\nNo one doubts that the US could become much more energy efficient if we chose--or had to--but we should keep in mind that we would also be choosing a different economy, with different outcomes, some better and some worse.", "\n\nTuesday, October 19, 2004\n\nTiny Turbines\nSeveral years ago, microturbines were the hot new trend in small-scale, local power generation, either for backup power or off-grid applications. ", "They were stealing a march on fuel cells, by being readily available now and by requiring only ordinary and widely-available fuels. ", "These devices are essentially jet engines that have been shrunk to fit in a box the size of a small refrigerator. ", "Now there is news of a new generation of even smaller turbines, built from a silicon chip, and aimed at powering small electronic devices.", "\n\nIt's too early to properly assess this technology and its potential for real-world practicality and reliability, but the implications are fascinating to consider. ", "As with the small fuel cells that will shortly be available to run your cellphone, the goal of these micro-micro turbines (nanoturbines?) ", "is to bypass the power density limitations of batteries by tapping the excellent energy storage of hydrocarbon fuels. ", "Either approach could offer dramatically improved usefulness from handheld devices and laptop computers.", "\n\nAs promising as that seems, I am even more intrigued by the suggestion that clusters of these tiny turbines could potentially power entire homes. ", "It wouldn't be good news for companies like Capstone or Plug Power , if building many little turbines out of silicon turned out to be cheaper than building a single home-sized microturbine or fuel cell.", "\n\nI don't know if this development will pan out, but I see it as further evidence that we are on the leading edge of a wave of change in energy technology, the likes of which we haven't seen since steam, batteries and internal combustion were all competing to be the dominant power source for automobiles at the beginning of the 20th century. ", "In the next few years we will find out whether it is cheaper to continue to build power plants as industrial-scale construction projects, or to create the same amount of electric generating capacity by mass producing small energy devices. ", "I'd bet on the latter, particularly If the techniques involved are similar to those that have brought down the cost of computing power.", "\n\nMonday, October 18, 2004\n\nThe Hockey Stick\nOne of the most compelling pieces of evidence for human influence in climate change is a famous chart showing variations in temperature over the last 1000 years. ", "In this graph, the variation in temperatures over the last century clearly breaks out of the long-term pattern, resulting in the so-called \"hockey stick\" shape. ", "That breakout coincides with the dramatic increases in fossil fuel use in the Industrial Era. ", "So A+B = clear evidence of anthropogenic climate change. ", "But it now appears that the analytical technique used to create the 1000 year temperature chart in question may have been flawed. ", "If so, while not exactly destroying the notion of global warming, it would force us to rethink the distinction between natural and man-made warming.", "\n\nIf you've been following my blog for a while, you know I take climate change very seriously. ", "My nose is attuned to the smell of anti-climate change propaganda, but this article from MIT's Technology Review doesn't come across that way. ", "Rather, this is how science--and the scientific method--works. ", "Someone analyzes a bunch of data, reaches a conclusion, and then others try to replicate that result and discover any flaws in the methodology. ", "That process seems to be well represented here, with peer-reviewed articles, responses by the original researcher, and so on. ", "It could take years to play out.", "\n\nWe know that there have been warming and cooling trends in the past, both from historical records and from the observable evidence of the geological past. ", "The key question is where the current warming trend (which is real) fits in the context of previous ones. ", "The hockey stick graph suggests it is unprecedented, but if that turns out to be invalid, then we must at least reconsider the relationship between human drivers of warming and natural ones. ", "That could have profound implications for climate change policy, perhaps even pushing us toward an adaptation strategy and away from emissions management. ", "Stay tuned.", "\n\nFriday, October 15, 2004\n\nWhere Do Batteries Fit?", "\nI ran across an article (subscription may be required) a while ago that has had me thinking about the future role of batteries in adapting renewable energy sources for power generation. ", "Last Tuesday I talked about overcoming the intermittent nature of solar power by putting the solar collectors in orbit where the sun shines all the time. ", "Another way, of course, is to store the energy generated when the sun shines or the wind blows, for later use.", "\n\nThere are already applications for which this is attractive, in places not currently connected to the electric power grid. ", "Elsewhere, developers must contend with the cost and efficiency of storing electricity. ", "A wind generator that nearly competes with electricity generated from a natural gas-fired turbine doesn't look nearly as cost-effective if you must pay for batteries to store some of its output before delivery.", "\n\nThe efficiency problem is less obvious. ", "Storing electricity in a battery and retrieving it later is not a free ride. ", "Some of the energy will be lost as heat, at too low a level to recover cost-effectively. ", "That's just the Second Law of Thermodynamics in action, but it has implications for sizing a wind farm or solar collector array, if the power is going to be stored rather than delivered right away. ", "And as battery arrays get bigger, managing the heat byproduct becomes a more important issue.", "\n\nIt's also important to think about how this stored power will be used. ", "If the goal is to enable solar collectors to deliver power day and night, batteries may be a good choice, but so might reversible fuel cells. ", "And if eliminating short-term fluctuations in wind is the issue, or covering brief periods of peak demand, then other technologies better suited to discharging large amounts of power in a short time, such as ultracapacitors, may be more appropriate.", "\n\nIn any case, what we are beginning to see is the shattering of the old paradigm that electricity must be generated as needed, or used as generated. ", "Perhaps, like rainfall, it can be stored cost-effectively for delayed distribution.", "\n\nThursday, October 14, 2004\n\nJust Shy of the Complete Picture\nGregg Easterbrook writes insightfully about energy. ", "His latest piece at New Republic looks at the presidential candidates' energy policies. ", "It is also an excellent overview of the current energy security debate in this country. ", "While I recommend this article highly, I can't resist picking a nit or two, and mentioning something that goes well beyond nits. ", "Since it's such a long article, I'll keep my comments brief.", "\n\nFirst, either Mr. Easterbrook doesn't quite grasp how the oil markets work, or he has oversimplified for effect. ", "Oil is sourced as it is because of a variety of factors, mainly centered on quality, price, and availability. ", "Rather than saying, \"I think I should have oil from Saudi Arabia\", a refiner would say, \"I need oil with the following characteristics, delivered in this timeframe, and costing no more than this discount off of West Texas Intermediate (WTI).\" ", "That makes backing out Persian Gulf oil a good more complicated than simply cutting our overall oil demand by a corresponding amount, because it involves refinery configurations that are expensive to change. ", "But this is a nit compared to my other concern.", "\n\nIf I've said it once, I've said it here a hundred times: improving energy security can't be accomplished solely by reducing demand. ", "Without a major initiative to open up off-limits US oil reserves (e.g. ANWR, or offshore California), by the time Mr. Easterbrook's 1/3 improvement in miles per gallon works its way through the system, US domestic oil production will have declined by an amount similar to the efficiency savings, and we will be importing just as much or more, including more from the Persian Gulf. ", "Of course, if we don't improve vehicle efficiency, our future imports will be even higher.", "\n\nAnd one last nit: while I'm pleased that he mentioned the real-world technology of integrated gasification and combined cycle combustion for coal, I think he is selling short its competitiveness in a market where natural gas is $6 or more per million BTUs, as far as the eye can see. (", "See my blog of March 18.)", "\n\nSo read the article, but consider that we might actually need the energy policies that both candidates are proposing, not just one or the other's.", "\n\nWednesday, October 13, 2004\n\nHydrogen Pessimism\nAn article from the British magazine Nature reports on a study that may dampen the enthusiasm of some advocates of a hydrogen economy. ", "The authors' research looked at the difficulties in generating hydrogen without producing large quantities of the very greenhouse gases that the use of hydrogen is intended to eliminate. ", "Their calculations suggest mind-boggling numbers of windmills or new nuclear plants (a million or a thousand, respectively) would be needed to produce enough greenhouse-free hydrogen to run the US transportation system. ", "There is sound logic here, but also a glaring blind spot.", "\n\nFew of us really think about the scale of global fossil fuel use, and how it relates to sunlight. ", "The world uses 3.4 billion gallons of oil every day, to put in more familiar units of measurement. ", "Each gallon started as sunlight and plants, compressed and processed by heat and pressure underground. ", "In the space of a couple of centuries, we will consume an energy larder that took millions of years to create. ", "It stands to reason, based on this kind of concentration, that replacing fossil fuels would require harvesting today's sunlight (either directly with solar collectors, or indirectly by harnessing wind that is driven by sunlight) on a truly awesome scale.", "\n\nSo far, then, the authors' dose of reality holds up pretty well. ", "But I believe they have fallen into the same trap as those who focus only on the pristine tailpipe emissions of a hydrogen vehicle, without considering the source of hydrogen. ", "The only way to compare energy systems is to examine the effect on the entire system using a measure such as the \"well-to-wheels\" efficiency. ", "This is where the hydrogen opportunity--even hydrogen created from fossil fuels--shines.", "\n\nBecause of the much greater thermodynamic efficiency of a fuel cell compared to an internal combustion engine (or any other heat engine), a hydrogen fuel cell based transportation fleet has the potential to cut greenhouse gas emissions by roughly half. ", "Add to this the compounding effects of other efficiency improvements (carpooling incentives, better mass transit), and the potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is even more impressive.", "\n\nSo while we may not get to zero emissions this century, reducing current emissions by half or more would be a tremendous improvement. (", "The Kyoto Treaty targets a reduction of about 8% vs. a 1990 baseline.) ", "Just to be clear, though, I'm not saying this will be cheap, easy, or quick. ", "But putting up impossible targets and impractical pathways and saying that proves that hydrogen isn't worth the effort is obtuse and misleading.", "\n\nTuesday, October 12, 2004\n\nFalse Dichotomy\nHaving lived and worked in London for a couple of years, I probably pay more attention to news stories from the UK than the average person. ", "As this story from the New York Times indicates, there is an interesting debate underway in Britain concerning renewable power and nuclear power. ", "It highlights two major energy issues, one European, the other more specific to the UK.", "\n\nThe first deals with the challenge of a commitment, backed by a public sense of urgency, to address climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. ", "But this bumps up against another commitment, to reduce or eliminate nuclear power in key parts of Europe. ", "At the moment all the large-scale alternatives, such as coal or natural gas, would increase greenhouse gas emissions. ", "The EU and its member countries need to determine which priority is higher: climate change or de-nuclearization.", "\n\nThe other issue deals with the way that alternatives such as wind are being pitted against nuclear power in an either-or sort of public debate. ", "I believe this is a false and misleading choice, because the two energy sources are so different. ", "Wind, regardless of scale is an intermittent energy source that does best supplementing a power grid that has a lot of other incremental capacity that can be ramped up or down, as wind power fluctuates. ", "Nuclear, by contrast, is an ideal base-load source that can run all the time, and that needs to in order to defray its large investment costs.", "\n\nNuclear plants--at least the current technology--come in 1000 Megawatt increments with large price tags and require up to a decade to build, while wind turbines are easily scalable in increments of up to 5 Megawatts and can be manufactured and installed in a matter of months. ", "Each has environmental consequences, though neither emits greenhouse gases.", "\n\nConsidering all these differences, it seems clear that wind and nuclear are actually complementary technologies, rather than competitive. ", "If the UK is serious about meeting its climate change commitments in the future, it will almost certainly need to make wide use of both of these options.", "\n\nMonday, October 11, 2004\n\nHappy Columbus DayHindsight or Not?", "\nEvery now and again I feel compelled to comment on a wider topic. ", "Assessing the quality of past decisions has become a major political issue this year, and it has relevance in many other applications, including energy projects. ", "The release of the final report of the weapons inspections in Iraq and the political reaction on both sides makes this discussion especially timely.", "\n\nI don't recall the source of the following taxonomy of decisions and outcomes (I leave it to you to Google for it.) ", "It goes something like this:\n1. ", "A decision that was made well and turned out well.", "\n2. ", "A decision that was made poorly and turned out poorly.", "\n3. ", "A decision that was made poorly but turned out well.", "\n4. ", "A decision that was made well but turned out poorly.", "\n\nIt's clear that type 1 is a good decision and type 2 a bad one. ", "The outcome of type 3 is the result of other factors, often summed up as luck. ", "But it's #4 that gives us the greatest difficulty. ", "We're often tempted to call it a bad decision, instead of a bad outcome. ", "But that's not really right, unless we believe that all factors can be fully anticipated, and that decision science should have eliminated all bad decisions by now.", "\n\nAnd so we come to the reaction to Mr. Duelfer's conclusion that Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction at the time the Administration decided to go to war. ", "How should the finding of an 18-month inspection process that had unfettered access in a prostrate country bear on the quality of the decision to go to war in 2003? ", "In my view, and given the taxonomy above, not at all. (", "It's highly relevant, though, to how we assess US intelligence at the time, but that's another issue.)", "\n\nThis argument doesn't get the Administration off the hook for either the quality of their decision or the outcome, but it frames our assessment of the decision in terms of the information in the their possession at the time, along with the context in which it was made. ", "At this point, it is possible to look at the evidence and legitimately differ on how well that decision itself was made.", "\n\nWith regard to the outcome, while it's tempting to compare it to the road not taken, an exact alternate outcome is inherently unknowable and can only be guessed at through a sort of reverse scenario process. ", "For instance, is the world in which sanctions remained tightly in place--in spite of growing international criticisms about the cost to Iraqi civilians--and in which Saddam was contained in perpetuity, more or less credible than the world in which the consensus in the Security Council collapsed following an ambiguous completion of the UN inspections headed by Dr. Blix, leading to the end of sanctions and containtment?", "\n\nSo where does this leave us? ", "Voters who see the decision to invade Iraq as a Type 2 (bad decision/bad outcome) would probably vote for Senator Kerry. ", "Those who see it as, at worst, a Type 4 (good decision/bad outcome), are likely inclined to give President Bush another four years. ", "Unfortunately, the whole debate distracts us from questions that I find more urgent and important today: which candidate has the better and more credible plan for turning the current situation in Iraq into something good, and which candidate is better equipped to make robust decisions with the imperfect information he is likely to have in future aspects of the war on terrorism? ", "I don't think we've heard enough about either of these areas, from either candidate.", "\n\nFriday, October 08, 2004\n\nOil Prices and the Election\nA friend forwarded a copy of this week's other interesting energy editorial, Robert Samuelson's Washington Post piece on oil prices and the election. (", "Free site registration required.) ", "In it, Mr. Samuelson weighs in on the depletion debate--at least by reference to the recent PFC Energy study--and finds both candidates' energy policies lacking, characterizing them as fantasies.", "\n\nBefore I quibble with a couple of his suggestions, I want to applaud him for being one of the very few commentators to recognize the obvious: that we need a energy policy that deals effectively with both supply and demand. ", "Unfortunately, the Administration's policy has been largely supply-driven, while Senator Kerry's looks chiefly at demand management (via efficiency, rather than taxes,) as did the Clinton Administration's policies.", "\n\nNow to my quibbles: Mr. Samuelson apparently sees the Strategic Petroleum Reserve as a way to help manage the market. ", "Fill it when prices are low; stop when they go up. ", "In my view, an SPR is worth filling most of the time, regardless of price (with rare exceptions such as now, with surplus global production capacity exhausted.) ", "Better yet, it should be privatized by giving companies incentives to hold the inventory for us, and to manage the accompanying price risks using the standard tools of risk management.", "\n\nAnd while proposing a high gas tax to encourage better fuel economy (see my blog yesterday for more on gas taxes), he misses the opportunity to suggest rationalizing the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards by eliminating the SUV loophole, or eliminating CAFEs entirely as relics of a bygone era of government control. ", "In practice, a more modest combination of these moves might achieve similar results, by giving carmakers the rights signals to produce lighter, more efficient vehicles and giving consumers the right signals to buy them. ", "This would eliminate the carmakers' standard lament that when they build economical cars, no one wants them.", "\n\nEven with these cavils, though, the article is an excellent commentary that I sincerely hope both campaigns are reading and digesting. ", "Might there be a debate question or two in it?", "\n\nThursday, October 07, 2004\n\nThe Cost of Taxes\nLet me start today by saying that Tom Friedman is my hero. ", "In his columns in the New York Times and his appearances on PBS's News Hour and elsewhere, he has never flinched from the articulate description of the world's ills, as he sees them, no matter whose sacred cows are involved. ", "Today is one of those rare occasions when I may agree in principle with his commentary, but must disagree strongly with its recommendations.", "\n\nMr. Friedman rightly points out that the resource curse of abundant oil has helped to create the conditions that have fostered a violently anti-Western, nihilistic strain of Islamic radicalism in the Arab world, along with the complacent or complicit attitude of many Arab governments towards it. ", "But blaming our appetite for oil and suggesting that curbing it would stimulate genuine economic and social development puts too much of the responsibility for a century of stagnation on us and too little on them.", "\n\nIt's also important to understand the full implications of a sudden, large increase in gasoline taxes in this country. ", "Europe has had taxes of the kind Mr. Friedman suggests for decades, and they have indeed resulted in a more efficient car fleet and better public transport. ", "However, none of this was achieved overnight, but rather as a result of deliberate and remarkably persistent public policy. ", "It is facile to suggest we should have done the same thing here; we didn't and must start from where we are.", "\n\nWithout a decade in which to transform the car fleet into a more efficient one, Americans would have only two choices: drive less or consume less of other products to pay for gasoline. ", "Either choice exacts a price on the economy. ", "In the former case, whatever economic benefit was attached to the incremental driving, whether it be shopping, an evening out, or some kind of work-related activity, is lost. ", "In the latter, the overall demand for goods and services falls. ", "We've seen some of this already, since gasoline prices have risen by more than $0.50/gallon over the last year.", "\n\nNow, such a tax phased in over many years would probably be good policy and allow time for the necessary adjustments, but it would fall short of achieving what Mr. Friedman and others seek. ", "Considering the cost to the economy of a suddenly higher gas tax, we need to ask if we are willing to change our lifestyles and make real sacrifices to achieve the impact such a move would have on the war on terrorism. ", "Perhaps that's the real question Tom Friedman is asking us today.", "\n\nWednesday, October 06, 2004\n\nThe New Environmental World Order\nRussia's announcement last week that, pending a vote in the Duma, it would ratify the Kyoto Treaty on climate change clears the final hurdle to putting the treaty into effect. ", "I don't think that the reports of this event have really captured its full significance. ", "Once the Russian ratification is official, the Kyoto Treaty will become international law and theoretically binding on its signatories. ", "This may ultimately extend to anyone wanting to do business with the signatory countries, as well. ", "Without exaggeration, we will be living in a new world, even if the US chooses to continue to ignore it.", "\n\nThe news of Russia's agreement is already affecting the markets for carbon emissions credits. ", "One of the key uncertainties holding down the value of such credits has been removed, or at least drastically decreased. ", "Other large uncertainties remain, however.", "\n\nUnfortunately, the treaty that will go into effect is not as good as it should have been, largely because the Bush Administration chose to disengage from the process nearly four years ago. ", "Ironically, some of the best features in the Treaty, such as the Clean Development Mechanism allowing a project that reduces emissions in one country to count toward the emissions quota of another country investing in the project, were principally the result of past US negotations and leverage. ", "But as noted by critics on both sides of the argument, the existing Kyoto Treaty is flawed by exclusion of the countries whose emissions will grow the most in the next decade, and barely makes a dent in the scale of the actual problem.", "\n\nIf John Kerry is elected in November, look for an early effort to reengage in the Kyoto process. ", "It's less clear how a returning Bush Administration would address the new reality of a Kyoto Treaty that our major trading partners will regard as law.", "\n\nTuesday, October 05, 2004\n\nX-Prize Implications\nYou might well ask why a blog devoted to energy issues would even mention something like the winning of the X-Prize, a $10 million dollar award put up by the X-Prize Foundation for the first privately built and run spacecraft to fly to an altitude of 100 kilometers above the earth twice within a set period. ", "What could this possibly have to do with energy, even in the most far out sense? ", "The answer relates to a technology that might be the best long-term alternative to fossil fuels or nuclear power: space-based solar power.", "\n\nSolar power developers routinely confront two major hurdles. ", "The first is overcoming the intermittent nature of their energy source, with its diurnal and weather-based fluctuations. ", "The second is, to put it bluntly, the NIMBY factor. ", "But there is an unspoken third hurdle that underlies both of the others, in the atmospheric attenuation of sunlight.", "\n\nBecause surface-based solar collectors sit under a blanket of atmosphere, with shifting sun angles, cloud cover and night, the amount of energy hitting a sqare meter of solar collector is roughly 1/10th of what is available in space. ", "That necessitates building collectors that are much larger, or trying to improve the efficiency of the collector, to turn more of the energy it does receive into electricity. ", "It also forces developers to provide for some form of backup power, either from the grid, or from batteries or other storage. ", "A solar collector sitting in orbit can be positioned to receive essentially 100% of the available solar radiation, 24/7.", "\n\nI don’t mean to trivialize the task of building orbital solar power satellites and transmitting power to the surface of the earth. ", "NASA and private industry have spent a lot of time and effort understanding what this would entail, and creating design studies and computer models. ", "But in the studies in which I was involved a few years ago, one of the central issues was always the cost of getting a kilogram of material into orbit. ", "If you had a space launch capability that could routinely put large payloads in orbit at low cost (several orders of magnitude lower than today’s cost), then a solar power satellite might start to make commercial sense.", "\n\nOf course, the Space Shuttle, as we have learned so painfully, cannot function as a low-cost, reliable space truck. ", "Nor will its successor, which will probably be merely a personnel shuttle to serve the Space Station. ", "That is why Spaceship One is so important. ", "Even though it is only a sub-orbital craft—incapable of entering orbit around the earth—it represents a major milestone on the path toward a privately-financed, low-cost, routine launch capability, and thus towards the day when a solar power satellite can be considered on its own economic and technical merits.", "\n\nMonday, October 04, 2004\n\nKnocking on OPEC's Door\nIn its Week in Review section, the New York Times expressed concern about dwindling non-OPEC oil reserves and the need for greater access to OPEC's reserves to boost future production. ", "I think this is an issue that deserves a wider audience than industry experts and market analysts; its implications will drive economic and foreign policy decisions for decades to come. ", "Still, in the process of highlighting the problem, the author has focused a bit too heavily on increased OPEC influence without considering the potential downside for these countries.", "\n\nAt this point, many of the large oil importing countries also have important domestic oil industries. ", "This is true of the US, the EU, China, and to a lesser extent India. ", "But as the domestic reserves of the developed countries wind down, their view of oil naturally becomes sharper and more objective. ", "If a $1/barrel increase in the price of oil only puts money in the hands of foreigners, and a $1/barrel decrease harms no domestic constituencies, then the incentive to reduce consumption or find substitutes, in order to gain leverage over suppliers, grows.", "\n\nIf you look at OPEC this way, then the scenario in which it produces 100% of the world's oil without any foreign investment and with no non-OPEC competition is actually their worst nightmare, for the long run. ", "Such a world has every incentive to switch away from oil, and none to keep paying distant and fractious suppliers. ", "The graphic in the Times article nicely illustrates just how long the oil reserves of Persian Gulf producers might last, as well as what they stand to leave in the ground, if the world switched to a substitute in the next 20 years.", "\n\nConsider Sheikh Yamani's oft-quoted epigram about the stone age not ending for lack of stones, and the oil age not ending for lack of oil. ", "It suggests that the wiser heads in OPEC understand this issue, though I doubt they've made the connection to the surest way to avoid this trap: giving their customers a vested interest in their continued oil production by allowing them to invest in reserves and production. ", "OPEC's best scenario is the one in which their oil is used first, not last--or possibly never.", "\n\nSo when we talk about our growing vulnerability to OPEC, let's not neglect to mention OPEC's growing dependence on us, and the leverage that may confer.", "\n\nFriday, October 01, 2004\n\nNot An Alternative Fuel Vehicle\nFrequent readers may recall a posting last month discussing my search for a new car. (", "See September 9 posting.) ", "The search is over and I'm driving the new car, an Acura TL. ", "While not as exotic as some of the choices I was considering, it incorporates a number of beneficial advances over my seven-year old Audi.", "\n\nAlthough I mentioned many new technologies that I needed to test, such as continuously variable transmissions, mild hybrids, and advanced diesels, most of them were eliminated for entirely mundane reasons. ", "For example, the VW Passat Turbodiesel was unavailable because of the model year changeover; all the '04s had been sold, and the '05s would not arrive for some time, coming after the '05 gasoline versions. ", "Others dropped out of the running due to price (Mercedes E320 CDI) or poor reliability reports. ", "And the early favorite, the Mazda RX-8, was only available with rear-wheel drive, which isn't very practical in snow and ice (traction-control hype notwithstanding.)", "\n\nAlthough the only newish powertrain technology my new Acura sports is Variable Valve Timing, which gives it class-leading power with acceptable fuel economy, the car has many other nifty features. ", "Built-in satellite radio and a Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone handsfree link may not sound earthshaking, but they reflect an attitude towards technology that I find very appealing. ", "And of course, don't dismiss styling and fun as selling points.", "\n\nAlthough this discussion may sound quite tedious to someone who isn't shopping for a car, I think there's an important point to be made. ", "I began my car search with as keen and positive an attitude about new powertrain technology as you are likely to find, yet I still ended up with a \"normal car.\" ", "At this point, the alternatives either weren't available (months-long waiting lists for new Toyota Priuses) or didn't constitute an attractive package for me. ", "Had there been an Acura hybrid, I'd have paid up to get one, but the closest to that is the favorably reviewed Honda Accord Hybrid, which is not due until December. ", "So even if I'm not representative of the average buyer, carmakers still have a ways to go to deliver the kinds of advanced technology cars that consumers will consider seriously.", "\n\nI still plan to test-drive a Passat diesel once they come in--solely in order to report on it here--because it's such an interesting combination of styling, features, and fuel economy at a reasonable price point." ]

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[ "Folks I Frequent\n\nFantastic Finds\n\nComment Policy\n\nPlease be kind. ", "Like, super-kind. ", "If you have a question, feel free to ask. ", "If you have a differing viewpoint and can share it KINDLY, feel free. ", "If you are concerned about my salvation (or want me to be LESS concerned about mine), or want to incite drama or tell me something \"for my own good,\" send it in an email (skerri_bATyahooDOTcom). ", "If you just plain don't like me and/or my blog, maybe just click on through to a different blog altogether--we'll both be happier. ", "If you choose to disregard this request, the consequences may range from comment editing/removal to overall banning. ", "And probably a figurative kick to the shins. ", "I don't usually get TOO serious, but I will in order to keep this a safe place for all.", "\n\nExtra Text\n\nI just thought it would be really interesting to add some text here, to make my page more symmetric next to my comment policy over there. ", "Which I was serious about, by the way. ", "We nervous-types get riled up pretty easily, and really who needs that? ", "I sure don't. ", "I mean, I write about a cat named Nipples, for goodness' sake. ", "Obviously I'm not going for scholarly discussion here (but if it pops up every so often that's OK). ", "There are lots of venues for debate and sharpening your skills and all that, and that's OK; it really is. ", "It's just that this is not that place. ", "This is where we laugh at ourselves and tell each other how great we are, without being fake or sugary. ", "There's a skill for you--now go practice." ]

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[ "Q:\n\ndplyr only returning one row when using summarize\n\nI'm just getting around to giving dplyr's chain operator a try. ", "\nUsing the simple example:\ngroup_by(mtcars, cyl) %>%\nsummarise(mean(disp), mean(hp))\n\nI get the result:\n # mean(disp) mean(hp)\n #1 230.7219 146.6875\n\nFor some reason dplyr isn't grouping, just summarizing the entire vector. ", "What am I missing?", "\n\nA:\n\nStart a fresh session this is what I get:\nlibrary(dplyr)\n\nmtcars %>%\n group_by(cyl) %>%\n summarise(mean(disp), mean(hp))\n\n## cyl mean(disp) mean(hp)\n## 1 4 105.1364 82.63636\n## 2 6 183.3143 122.28571\n## 3 8 353.1000 209.21429\n\nEdit\nDon't load plyr second (after dplyr) or at all. ", " The problem is that it's using plyr::summarise not dplyr::summarise:\nmtcars %>%\n group_by(cyl) %>%\n plyr::summarise(mean(disp), mean(hp))\n\n## mean(disp) mean(hp)\n## 1 230.7219 146.6875\n\nEdit 2\nYou could also just be explicit and say which package to pull sumamrise from as seen below:\nmtcars %>%\n group_by(cyl) %>%\n dplyr::summarise(mean(disp), mean(hp))\n\n" ]

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[ "The present invention relates generally to power metaloxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET's) manufactured by double diffusion techniques and, more particularly, to methods of manufacturing such transistors with a minimum of masking steps, methods for forming ohmic shorts between the source and base layers during the manufacture of such transistors, and transistors so manufactured.", "\nKnown power MOSFET's generally comprise a multiplicity of individual unit cells (numbering in the thousands) formed on a single silicon semiconductor wafer with each device being of the order of 300 mils (0.3 in.) ", "square in size and all cells in each device being electrically connected in parallel. ", "Each cell is typically between 5 and 50 microns in width. ", "As is described more fully hereinbelow, one particular known process for manufacturing power MOSFET's is a double diffusion technique which begins with a common drain region of, for example, N type semiconductor material. ", "Specifically, within the drain region a base region is formed by means of a first diffusion, and then a source region is formed entirely within the base region by means of a second diffusion. ", "If the drain region is N type, then the first diffusion is done with acceptor impurities to produce a P type base region, and the second diffusion is done with donor impurities to produce an N.sup.+ type source region.", "\nIn a power MOSFET structure, the source, base and drain regions correspond respectively to the emitter, base and collector of a parasitic bipolar transistor. ", "As is known, if this parasitic bipolar transistor is allowed to turn on during operation of the power MOSFET, the blocking voltage and the dV/dt rating of the power MOSFET are substantially degraded. ", "Accordingly, in order to prevent the turn on of the parasitic bipolar transistor during operation of the power MOSFET, the layers comprising the source and base regions are normally shorted together by means of an ohmic connection.", "\nKnown power MOSFET designs in manufacture require up to six masking steps, some of which must be aligned to each other with high accuracy to produce working devices. ", "In particular, to form the source-base short, between the first and second diffusion steps a diffusion barrier is applied by means of selective masking over a portion of the base diffusion surface area to prevent the subsequent source diffusion from entering the base diffusion in this area. ", "Thereafter, metallization is applied for the source electrode, and a portion of the source metallization also makes ohmic contact with the previously masked area of the base region.", "\nIn this known technique for manufacturing power MOSFET's, not only must the masking pattern to form the source-base shorts be precisely aligned in a special manufacturing step, but the short occupies a significant fraction of the area of each MOSFET unit cell without contributing to its conductivity during the ON state." ]

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[ "Rakim once famously said he thinks of 16-bar verses as a grid and measures out exactly how many syllables can fit neatly within it. ", "If this is true, then Aesop Rock’s grid must look like the cascading sea of glyphs from The *Matrix. *", "He has a wickedly extensive vocabulary, once deemed by a study to be the largest in rap, and he uses it to warp time and disrupt balance with phonetic pairings that sprout out unpredictably, an idea best articulated on the Busdriver collaboration \"Ego Death\": \"I am ivy up the goddamn lattice/March to the math rock.\"", "\n\nOn \"Rings,\" the single from his latest album *The Impossible Kid *and his second on indie rap mainstay Rhymesayers Entertainment, he eulogizes the visual art career he abandoned. \"", "I left some years, a deer in the light/I left some will to spirit away/I let my fears materialize/I let my skills deteriorate,\" he raps, splitting all of the syllables on the back end. ", "But he still is a visual artist in his way, coiling carefully articulated sentences into diagrams, each syllable a pixel in the frame of an image. ", "He sketches in vibrant detail on Impossible Kid, balancing heavy verbiage with sharp clarity. ", "This is what it sounds like when rap’s greatest wordsmith only uses the ones that count.", "\n\nIt's also the most specific Aesop Rock has ever been about what he’s thinking or feeling, and it borders at times on confessional. \"", "Question: If I died in my apartment like a rat in a cage/Would the neighbors smell the corpse before the cat ate my face?/I used to floss the albatross like Daddy Kane with the chain/I’m trying to jettison the ballast with the hazardous waste,\" he asks on \"Dorks.\" ", "That doesn’t mean he’s making it easy; his yarns are still sometimes purposefully written like a puzzle with half the pieces missing. ", "But the album loosely outlines the series of events and strained relationships that led him to abandon San Francisco for the seclusion of a cabin in the woods.", "\n\n\"Get Out of the Car\" is a poignant reflection on loss and grief that points to the death of close friend and rapper Camu Tao as the starting point for much of his anguish. \"", "Ah watch the impossible kid, everything that he touch turns promptly to shit/If I zoom on out I can finally admit, it’s all been a blur since ‘Mu got sick,\" he raps before diving down a rabbit hole of depression, explaining his withdrawal in expertly articulated tidbits and snapshots (\"Into the woods go his alien tongue/It was that or a textbook faking of funk, and I can’t\"). ", "Then there’s \"Blood Sandwich,\" which casts his brothers in starring roles in two memorable vignettes: In the first, his younger brother plays in a Little League game interrupted by a wayward gopher, a rodent that suffers a bloody end at the hands of the enraged coach. ", "The second is a remembrance of his older brother's teen angst at being denied the opportunity to go to a Ministry show, resulting in a suicide threat. ", "Later on, he studies the actions of his cat on \"Kirby\" before psychoanalyzing their relationship and society’s larger relationship with the felines as a whole, which have been everything from gods to memes. ", "Each one of these songs constructs little worlds out of simple ideas using dexterous lyricism.", "\n\nBut The Impossible Kid is measured by more than its virtuosity. ", "The soundbeds of dizzying synth abstractions, ominous piano crawls, and slow-strutting garage rock samples, all provided by Aesop Rock himself, are monuments to his growing skills as a producer. ", "He is as detail-oriented with his beats as he is with his raps, providing the right mood at every occasion. ", "Some of them are busy and swarming, while others are pleasantly simple, like \"Lotta Years,\" giving Aesop the room to set up dialogue. ", "Then there are beats that are simply hard-hitting, like \"Rabies\" and \"Water Tower,\" with slapping drums that seem traditional until they stagger. ", "These all supplement his writing, which is as crisp and as fluid as it has ever been, bending breakbeats to the whims of his strung-out cadences. ", "Aesop Rock has yet to run out of words. ", "After nearly 20-years in the rap game, he is still finding new means of self-expression." ]

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[ "Rapid versus slow withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs.", "\nThe ideal objective of treating a person with epilepsy is to induce remission by usage of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and withdraw the AEDs without causing seizure recurrence. ", "Prolonged usage of AEDs may have long-term side effects. ", "Hence when a person with epilepsy is in remission (free of seizures for some time) it is logical to attempt to discontinue the medication. ", "The timing of withdrawal and the mode of withdrawal arise while contemplating withdrawal of AEDs. ", "This review proposes to examine the evidence for the rate of withdrawal of AEDs (whether rapid or slow tapering) and its effect on recurrence of seizure. ", "This review also examines the effect of variables such as age of seizure onset, seizure types, presence of neurological deficits, mental subnormality, aetiology of epilepsy, type of AED, EEG findings or duration of seizure freedom on the risk of recurrence of seizures with the two tapering regimens. (", "1) To quantify risk of seizure recurrence after rapid (taper period of three months or less) or slow (taper period or more than three months) discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs in adults with epilepsy who are in remission. (", "2) To quantify the risk of seizure recurrence after rapid (taper period of three months or less) or slow (taper period of more than three months) discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy who are in remission. (", "3) To attempt to assess which variables modify the risk of seizure recurrence. ", "We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group's Specialized Register (August 2005), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2005), MEDLINE (1966 to September 2004) and cross-references from identified studies. ", "No language restrictions were imposed. ", "Randomized controlled trials that evaluate withdrawal of AEDs in a rapid or slow manner after varying periods of seizure control in patients with epilepsy. ", "Both review authors independently assessed the trials for inclusion and extracted the data. ", "The outcomes assessed included seizure relapse (i.e. the percentage of patients experiencing seizure recurrence after withdrawal of AED); time to recurrence of seizure following withdrawal; occurrence of status epilepticus; mortality; morbidity due to seizure such as injuries, fractures, aspiration pneumonia; and quality of life (if assessed by validated scale). ", "One trial with weak methodology involving 149 children was included with a mean age of seizure onset of four years, mean age of 11 years at the time of starting the taper. ", "The rapid taper group (six weeks) recruited 81 participants and the slow taper group (nine months) included 68 participants, out of whom 11 and 5 were lost to follow up even before the taper began respectively. ", "The number of participants who were seizure free in the rapid and slow taper groups were 40 and 44 respectively at the end of one year follow up (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.03); 30 and 29 respectively at the end of two years, (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.53); 24 and 14 respectively at the end of three years (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.76 to 3.46); 18 and 8 respectively at the end of four years (OR 2.14, 95% CI 0.87 to 5.3); 10 and 6 respectively at the end of five years (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.5 to 4.23). ", "In view of methodological deficiencies and small sample size, in the solitary study identified, we cannot derive any reliable conclusions regarding the optimal rate of tapering of AEDs. ", "Further studies are needed in adults as well as in children to investigate the rate of withdrawal of AEDs and to study the effects of variables such as seizure types, its aetiology, mental retardation, EEG abnormalities, presence of neurological deficits and other co-morbidities on the rate of tapering." ]

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[ "Practise for Your Police Officer Tests in Sweden\n\nAre you concerned with public order and safety in Sweden, have ambitions to prevent crime and carry out criminal investigations, and want to serve in the Swedish Police? ", "JobTestPrep can help you go over the Matrigma Test and several Police Practice Tests before you take your official police exams. ", "We have a rich arsenal of police assessments specifically designed to help would-be police officers to succeed in their profession. ", "Our high-quality PrepPacks™ contain the simulations of the Matrigma Test, the Police Fast Track Test, and the Police SJT that will significantly improve your various cognitive abilities and will prepare you for an illustrious career in the Swedish Police Authority.", "\n\nHow to Become a Police Officer in Sweden?", "\n\nTraining of police officers is carried out in Sweden at universities. ", "Although in the past, short training courses were sufficient to become a policeman, now the Swedish government requires its police officers to have a university degree. ", "The universities preparing students for a policeman career are Södertörn, Umeå, and Växjö. ", "As a rule, students study 5 semesters and have half a year of practice as a Police Trainee. ", "Other requirements are also crucial: to become a police officer, university graduates need to excel on pre-employment assessment, have Swedish citizenship, drivers license, and personal traits indispensable for the profession of a policeman. ", "Police officers should be physically fit, too.", "\n\nThose who see themselves as police chiefs should also have a degree form one of the three above-mentioned universities or graduate from the National Police Academy. ", "Sometimes, would-be police chiefs need to obtain degrees from both institutions. ", "In addition, they can participate in a special leadership training program that is organized by the police and lasts eighteenth months. ", "A must in the past, now a law degree is not required to become a police chief officer. ", "The requirements that people should meet to be policemen in Sweden are highly difficult and demanding. ", "Among thousands of aspirants, only hundreds become police officers. ", "Practising with JobTestPrep’s well-researched and well-developed test simulations is, therefore, essential for your success. ", "Go through a few dry runs of our Matrigma and Inductive Reasoning Tests and increase your chances of joining one of the units of the Swedish Police.", "\n\nWhat Is the Matrigma Test?", "\n\nThis test measures general mental ability (GMA) and accurately predicts whether job candidates will succeed in their new workplace and will launch a new, rewarding career. ", "Cognitive intelligence is a very wide category, but the Matrigma Test focuses on those cognitive abilities that are essential for fulfilling tasks at work correctly and efficiently. ", "Among them are such abilities as accurate problem solving, logical reasoning, and the ability to understand and absorb new information.", "\n\nThe Matrigma test differs from other tests in its emphasis on applicants’ fluid intelligence. ", "Fluid intelligence is the ability to solve problems without requiring prior knowledge or experience. ", "Because the test does not rely on applicants’ acquired knowledge, it is considered a fairly accurate prediction of their potential, regardless of their educational, cultural, or social background.", "\n\nJob applicants who receive high scores on the Matrigma test are rightly seen as people who will deliver good, spirited performance at work. ", "They are good at performing complex and challenging job tasks and, as a rule, do not need supervision and micro-managing at work. ", "Applicants scoring high on the test also can perform well in stressful situations and can always maintain a high pace of work, no matter how tired or unwell they can be.", "\n\nWhat is peculiar about the Matrigma Test is that it is longer than an average psychometric test. ", "Whereas other psychometric tests take on average 20 minutes to complete, applicants usually finish the Matrigma Test within 40 minutes. ", "The difficulty of the questions on the Matrigma Test also increases as job candidates are progressing through it. ", "With the test’s questions constantly becoming harder, employers can easily see who of the job candidates did their best on their examination and who were slack.", "\n\nPublished by the Assessio International Cooperation, the Matrigma Test is now distributed by Hogan Assessment Systems.", "\n\nOn the test, you will need several types of tasks to perform:\n\nYou will need to discern and make logical connections between figures;\n\nYou will also be asked to understand the relationship between different objects;\n\nYou will be required to find points of similarity in different objects.", "\n\nTo help you to pass your tests and become a part of the Swedish police, JobTestPrep has developed specific preparatory materials for the Matrigma Test. ", "We have put into our high-quality PrepPack™ a rich collection of inductive and abstract reasoning tests. ", "Our test simulations are full length and perfectly imitate the character and the format of the real Matrigma test. ", "To sharpen your reasoning skills even more, we have added to our resources 300 additional practice questions, supplying them with a step-by-step Matrigma study guide. ", "Together, these materials are designed to help you excel on your examination and join the Swedish Policy Authority.", "\n\nJobTestPrep is dedicated to assisting future police officers with passing their examination with ease and success. ", "To this end, we have created a sophisticated PrepPack™ that contains all required tests and exercises to lead you to the fulfillment of your ambitions to carve a career in the Swedish Police authority.", "\n\nMatrigma, and other trademarks are the property of their respective trademark holders. ", "None of the trademark holders are affiliated with JobTestPrep or this website. ", "JobTestPrep provides preparation for psychometric tests.", "\n\nSince 1992, JobTestPrep has been an innovator in online test & assessment centre preparation. ", "We have taken our years of experience and put it to use in helping over 500,000 job seekers & students reach their goals. ", "Start practising today for your assessment test with JobTestPrep." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a roasting apparatus. ", "More specifically, the present invention relates to a roasting apparatus that includes both a roasting rack and a roasting pan in which the roasting rack is suspended from handle bosses above a roasting pan bottom.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nConventionally available roasting pans and roasting racks are often ill suited to convenient and safe user operation. ", "Conventional roasting racks are designed to operate with a variety of roasting pan sizes and shapes and consequently only loosely fit within the roasting pan. ", "Conventional roasting rack and roasting pan designs do not adequately consider the safety aspects of roasting and basting operations.", "\nWhere conventional racks do not securely fit with in conventional roasting pans, the racks can slide relative to the pan itself during use, cleaning, and removal or entry into a hot oven. ", "The loose fit and subsequent sliding can cause unexpected weight shifts and possible injury through contact with a hot roasting pan, hot roasting rack, or the hot food itself. ", "Lose fit may also allow the roasting rack to shift relative to the roasting pan during oven insertion, resulting in uneven heat distribution and possible burning. ", "Loose fit may further allow a conventional roasting rack to slide and scrape the surface of a roasting pan, causing damage to the roasting pan and degradation to a non-stick surface.", "\nConventional roasting pans also have legs that support the roasting rack above a roasting pan bottom. ", "These conventional legs cause substantial difficulty during rack movement by scraping a pan bottom or breaking and bending resulting in uneven roast placement and danger to an operator. ", "Roasting rack legs also interfere during basting by blocking smooth user access to any hot grease or liquids in the bottom of the roasting pan. ", "During basting, operators frequently raise one side of a roasting pan, allowing the hot grease or liquids to roll to the opposite side for easy pick up in a baster. ", "This sideways basting movement also shifts the roasting rack causing the scraping problems noted above.", "\nDuring use, as an operator lifts the roasting rack from the roasting pan, the pan legs frequently catch the rim of the roasting pan, cause rack or pan tipping, and possibly cause the hot food to slide around the rack.", "\nConventional roasting rack legs are often physically weak and extend from portions of the roasting rack by a single weld. ", "With the physical contact and lateral stress noted above pan legs are frequently the weakest link in rack design and break or bend rendering the rack dangerous or useless.", "\nConventional roasting rack legs also cause damage or staining to counter surfaces after removal form the roasting pan. ", "During repeated operation, roasting rack legs can develop sharp edges or loose a portion of their chrome finish leaving a sharp edge. ", "These sharp edges can scrape laminate and solid-surface counter materials and can damage a polished surface on stone or concrete counter materials. ", "As the roasting rack legs are often covered with grease or fluid residue that has dripped to the bottom of the roasting pan, upon removal, the residue commonly drips from leg bottoms, which act as fluid flow stress concentrators. ", "Since the roasting residue can stain natural counter materials, kitchen floors, and operator clothing, it would be beneficial to remove this risk all together.", "\nFinally, conventional roasting rack legs may become stuck in overcooked or burned-on residue in the base of the roasting pan further increasing operator safety risk and damage to the roasting rack.", "\nConventional roasting racks have two handles that are positioned perpendicular to a long axis of the roasting rack. ", "This conventional handle placement interferes with user access to roasting pan handles, makes it difficult to grip the handles with thermal protection, and increases the risk of tipping a roast from the roasting rack.", "\nIn summary, the problems of commercially available roasting pans and roasting racks include: 1. ", "Sharp legs on a roasting rack provide uneven support, scratch non-stick pan surfaces, catch on pan sides during removal, interfere with basting, increase thermal variability, damage counter surfaces after removal, and stick to residue at the bottom of a roasting pan interfering with removal risking operator safety. ", " 2. ", "Poorly positioned handles, specifically handles perpendicular to a long rack-edge, increase risk of tipping during use, are small and difficult to handle with thermal hand protection, and are inappropriate for high-weight roasting situations where lifting is awkward. ", " 3. ", "Poorly designed racks that move or slip relative to a pan rim during oven positioning and basting operations damage pan walls and create hot-spots where a roast shifts and contacts the pan, and risk operator injury during oven insertion/extraction. ", " " ]

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[ "The journey to multiple sclerosis: a qualitative study.", "\nThe diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) often creates more questions than answers. ", "It is not uncommon to hear about individuals who receive the diagnosis with relief and surprise, However, the implications of being diagnosed with a chronic illness like MS is complex. ", "There is no known cure for this disease that has remissions, relapses and possible continued progression. ", "For individuals diagnosed with MS, responding to the physical and psychological stresses of a condition with an unknown cause and no cure is challenging. ", "The purpose of this study was to explore the individual's experience of having symptoms for a period of time and then to be told they have MS. ", "The phenomenological qualitative research method was used to illuminate the nature of their experiences. ", "The time course spanned before diagnosis, at diagnosis and following diagnosis. ", "Interviews were conducted with five purposefully selected participants. ", "The process of data analysis highlighted common threads and patterns among informants. ", "Four major themes emerged: Whispered Beginnings, Echoes of Silence, The Spoken Words, and Recreating Voice. ", "The experiences of individuals recently diagnosed with MS are illuminated in order to provide insight and information to health care providers who are faced with telling a person the diagnosis of MS." ]

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[ "How I Learned to Love the New World Order Biden, Joseph R Jr. Wall Street Journal. (", "Eastern edition). ", "New York, N.Y.: Apr 23, 1992. ", "pg. ", "A13 Abstract (Summary) Joseph R. Biden Jr defends his view that the Pentagon's new strategy which appoints the US as a sort of world monitor could render the US a hollow superpower. ", "Biden explains why he reacted the way he did to the plan. ____________ ", "Counterpoint: How I Learned to Love the New World Order Biden, Joseph R Jr. Wall Street Journal. (", "Eastern edition). ", "New York, N.Y.: Apr 23, 1992. ", "pg. ", "A13 Imagine my surprise when a Wall Street Journal editorial appointed me dean of the Pat Buchanan school of neo-isolationism. ", "My credentials? ", "Believing that the Pentagon's new strategy -- America as \"Globocop\" -- could render the United States a hollow superpower. ", "All agree we need the military capacity to defend our vital interests -- by ourselves when need be. ", "The question is grand strategy. ", "With the Journal's endorsement, the Pentagon has called for a Pax Americana: The U.S. should cast so large a military shadow that no rival dare emerge. ", "American hegemony might be a pleasant idea, but is it economically, politically or even militarily wise? ", "Bristling with weapons, we would continue our economic decline, while rising industrial and financial giants in Europe and Asia viewed our military pretensions with indifference or contempt. ", "Defense Secretary Dick Cheney outdid even the Journal, dipping deep into the well of Cold War argumentation to accuse Pax Americana critics of thinking \"America's world presence is somehow immoral and dangerous. \" ", "Why doesn't the Journal stop the namecalling, get its schools sorted out, and court an honest debate over America's proper role in the new world order? ", "Pat Buchanan's \"America First\" preaches martyrdom: We've been suckered into fighting \"other\" people's battles and defending \"other\" people's interests. ", "With our dismal economy, this siren song holds some appeal. ", "But most Americans, myself included, reject 1930s-style isolationism. ", "They expect to see the strong hand of American leadership in world affairs, and they know that economic retreat would yield nothing other than a lower standard of living. ", "They understand further that many security threats -- the spread of high-tech weapons, environmental degradation, overpopulation, narcotics trafficking, migration -- require global solutions. ", "What about America as globocop? ", "First, our 21st-century strategy has to be a shade more clever than Mao's axiom that power comes from the barrel of a gun. ", "Power also emanates from a solid bank balance, the ability to dominate and penetrate markets, and the economic leverage to wield diplomatic clout. ", "Second, the plan is passive where it needs to be aggressive. ", "The Journal endorses a global security system in which we destroy rogue-state threats as they arise. ", "Fine, but let's prevent such problems early rather than curing them late. ", "Having contained Soviet communism until it dissolved, we need a new strategy of \"containment\" -- based, like NATO, on collective action, but directed against weapons proliferation. ", "The reality is that we can slow proliferation to a snail's pace if we stop irresponsible technology transfers. ", "Fortunately, nearly all suppliers are finally showing restraint. ", "The maverick is China, which persists in hawking sensitive weapons and technology to the likes of Syria, Iran, Libya, Algeria and Pakistan -- even while pledging otherwise. ", "The Senate has tried to force China's leaders to choose between Third World arms sales (1991 profits of $500 million) and open trade with the U.S. (a $12.5 billion annual Chinese surplus). ", "Even though we have convincing intelligence that China's leaders fear the use of this leverage, the president inexplicably refuses to challenge Beijing. ", "Weapons containment can't be foolproof; and against a nuclear-armed North Korea, I would support pre-emptive military action if necessary. ", "But let's do our best -- using supplier restraint and sanctions against outlaw sellers and buyers-to avoid having to round up the posse. ", "Why not an anti-proliferation \"czar\" in the cabinet to give this objective the prominence it urgently needs? ", "Third, Pax Americana is a direct slap at two of our closest allies -- Japan and Germany -- and a repudiation of one of our panel1. ", "Rather than denigrating collective security, we should regularize the kind of multilateral response we assembled for the Gulf War. ", "Why not breathe life into the U.N. Charter? ", "great postwar triumphs. ", "For years, American leaders argued that building democracy in Europe and Asia would guarantee stability because democracies don't start wars. ", "Now the Pentagon says we must keep our military large enough to persuade Japan and Germany \"not to aspire to a greater role even to protect their legitimate interests. \" ", "How has our success suddenly become a threat? ", "It hasn't, but the Pentagon plan could become a self-fulfilling prophecy. ", "By insulting Tokyo and Berlin, and arrogating to ourselves military stewardship of the world, we may spark the revival no one wants. ", "Secretary Cheney says he wants the allies to share the burden on defense matters. ", "But Pax Americana puts us on the wrong end of a paradox: Hegemony means that even our allies can force ever greater U.S. defense spending the more they try to share the burden! ", "Fourth, collective security doesn't rule out unilateral action. ", "The Journal says I'm among those who want \"Americans . . . ", "to trust their security to a global committee.\" ", "But no one advocates that we repeal the \"inherent\" right of self-defense enshrined in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. ", "Secretary Cheney says his plan wouldn't undermine support for the U.N. Who would know better than the U.N.'s usually understated secretary general? ", "If implemented, says Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the Pentagon's strategy would spell \"the end of the U.N.\" Rather than denigrating collective security, we should regularize the kind of multilateral response we assembled for the Gulf War. ", "Why not breathe life into the U.N. Charter? ", "It envisages a permanent commitment of forces, for use by the Security Council. ", "That means a presumption of collective action -- but with a U.S. veto. ", "Rather than defending military extravagance, the Bush administration should be reallocating Pentagon funds to meet more urgent security needs: sustaining democracy in the former Soviet empire; supporting U.N. peacekeepers in Yugoslavia, Cambodia and El Salvador; and rebuilding a weakened and debt-burdened America. ", "If Pentagon strategists and their kneejerk supporters could broaden their horizons, they would see how our superpower status is best assured. ", "We must get lean militarily, revitalize American economic strength, and exercise a diplomatic leadership that puts new muscle into institutions of collective security. --- ", "Sen. Biden is chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's European Affairs Subcommittee.", "\n\nno, a NWO is not a good idea.", "\n\nUser ID: 647492\n\nUnited States\n\n04/01/2009 01:51 AM\n\nReport Abusive Post\n\nReport Copyright Violation" ]

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[ "Protamine titration.", "\nProtamine titration is the gold standard method for the measurement of unfractionated heparin (UFH) concentration in plasma. ", "Protamine titration produces reliable and reproducible results; however it is -generally not considered a convenient assay for current clinical management of UFH as it is not readily automated (Olson et al. ", "Arch Pathol Lab Med 122(9):782-798, 1998). ", "Early clinical trials of UFH therapy determined that a heparin concentration of 0.2-0.4 U/ml by protamine titration correlated to an APTT of 1.5-2.5 times higher compared to baseline values produced desirable UFH safety and efficacy outcomes (Hull et al. ", "N Engl J Med 315(18):1109-1114, 1986; Hull et al. ", "N Engl J Med 322:1260-1264, 1990; Turpie et al. ", "N Engl J Med 320:352-357, 1989; Brill-Edwards et al. ", "Ann Intern Med 119(2):104-109, 1993; Hull Int Angiol 14(1):32-34, 1995). ", "Such studies paved the way to the current view that it is no longer ideal to manage UFH based solely upon a 1.5-2.5 times prolongation of the \"normal\" APTT. ", "Most advisory bodies recommend therapeutic APTTs be determined by correlating APTT results with therapeutic UFH levels as measured by anti-Xa assay (0.35-0.7 U/ml) or protamine titration (0.2-0.4 U/ml) (Hirsh and Raschke. ", "Chest 126(3):188S-203S, 2004) (see Note 1). ", "The concentration of UFH in a sample is measured by determining the amount of protamine required to return the thrombin clotting time (TCT) test (prolonged by UFH) to a pre-UFH level (Laffan and Manning. ", "Dacie and Lewis: practical haematology. ", "Churchill Livingstone: London, 2001)." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "MANILA (2nd UPDATE) - President Rodrigo Duterte has called for a special joint session of Congress to consider the extension of martial law in Mindanao.", "\n\nMartial law in Mindanao lapses on Saturday, the 60th day after it was declared.", "\n\nHouse Majority Leader Rodolfo Farinas made the announcement in a Viber message to congressional reporters. \"", "NOTICE TO ALL MEMBERS: The President will call the Congress to a Special Session on Saturday, Jul 22, 2017, at 9am, to consider the extension of Martial Law. ", "See you, please! ", "Thank you!!\"", "\n\nAsked if this will be a joint session, Farinas said, \"Of course, it will be a joint session as required by the Constitution for the Congress to consider the initiative of the President to extend Martial Law.\"", "\n\nSenator Tito Sotto confirmed this in the President's meeting with lawmakers Monday night to receive the proposed Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) from the executive.", "\n\nAsked for the length of the extension, Fariñas said: \"He mentioned the period but let's wait for his formal letter to Congress. ", "In fact, he only informed us at his table about his request for extension.\"", "\n\nAmong those who first learned of Duterte's request for extension were Senate President Koko Pimentel, House Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez, Sotto, Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea, and Foreign Affairs Secretary Alan Peter Cayetano.", "\n\nPresidential Spokesperson Ernesto Abella said there is a need for Duterte's call for a special session.", "\n\n\"The President's call for a special session is necessitated by the exigency to deliberate on the possible extension of the period of effectivity of Proclamation 216, which will end next week,\" he said.", "\n\n\n\n\"Congress has to discuss and consider the actual parameters to extend martial law and suspension of the writ of habeas corpus,\" Abella added.", "\n\nEarlier Monday, the Philippine National Police (PNP) said it will seek an extension of martial law, but will leave the duration to Congress.", "\n\nMartial law critics criticized the decision.", "\n\nMakabayan bloc Anakpawis Rep. Ariel Casilao said in a statement, \"Anakpawis will consistently register our opposition if ever the Pres. ", "requests congress for the extension of ML [martial law].\"", "\n\nOpposition lawmaker Ifugao Rep. Teddy Baguilat, for his part, wants more debates on the matter and that it be limited to Marawi City or Lanao del Sur province.", "\n\nBaguilat said, \"[The] session should be earlier. ", "There should be time for us to be apprised by the AFP [Armed Forces of the Philippines] or Malacanang of the situation in Marawi and the entire island of Mindanao before we even consider an extension. ", "Sana magkaroon ng sapat na talakayan. ", "At hindi yung ipipilit na ipasa agad sa araw na iyon. ", "Kung mapatunayan ng AFP na nakatulong ang Martial Law ngunit di pa nila controlled ang situation at kailangan ng maikling extension, then baka pumayag pa ako. ", "Pero sa Marawi o Lanao lang sana.\"", "\n\nAsked how long the extension should be, Baguilat said, \"As I understand, it cannot be more than 60 days. ", "It can't be indefinite. ", "But that's why kinakailangan sana ng pag-uulat ng AFP at talakayan para alamin kung ano sana ang recommendations nila.\"", "\n\nLast Saturday, Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana said he had already submitted to Malacañang his recommendation on the extension of martial law, which included inputs from the AFP and the PNP.", "\n\nDuterte declared martial law for the entire Mindanao island on May 23, following clashes between government troops and Maute terrorists in Marawi City.", "\n\nAs of July 9, the death toll in the Marawi crisis had reached at least 500, with at least 379 terrorists, 89 soldiers, and 39 civilians killed. - ", "with a report from Sherrie Ann Torres, ABS-CBN New" ]

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[ " United States Court of Appeals\n FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT\n _____________\n\n No. ", "98-2837EM\n _____________\n\nSandra A. Hayes, *\n *\n Appellant, *\n * Appeal from the United States\n v. * District Court for the Eastern\n * District of Missouri.", "\nMarvin T. Runyon, Jr.; United States *\nPostal Service; American Postal * [UNPUBLISHED]\nWorkers Union, *\n *\n Appellees. ", " *\n _____________\n\n Submitted: March 18, 1999\n Filed: March 29, 1999\n _____________\n\nBefore FAGG, HANSEN, and MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit Judges.", "\n _____________\n\nPER CURIAM.", "\n\n Sandra Hayes appeals the district court's order granting summary judgment in\nfavor of the United States Postal Service and dismissing Hayes's claims against the\nAmerican Postal Workers Union. ", "Having carefully reviewed the record and the parties'\nbriefs, we conclude the district court's rulings were correct, and an extended discussion\nis not warranted. ", "We affirm for the reasons stated by the district court. ", "See 8th Cir.", "\nR. 47B.\n\fA true copy.", "\n\n Attest:\n\n CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.", "\n\n\n\n\n 2–\n\f" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "#ifndef BOOST_THREAD_CONDITION_HPP\r\n#define BOOST_THREAD_CONDITION_HPP\r\n// (C) Copyright 2007 Anthony Williams\r\n//\r\n// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (", "See\r\n// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at\r\n// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)\r\n\r\n#include <boost/thread/detail/config.hpp>\r\n\r\n#if defined BOOST_THREAD_PROVIDES_CONDITION\r\n\r\n#include <boost/thread/condition_variable.hpp>\r\n\r\nnamespace boost\r\n{\r\n typedef condition_variable_any condition;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#endif\r\n#endif\r\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "The present invention relates to apparatus for manipulating webs of flexible material, and more particularly to improvements in apparatus for convoluting webs (especially photographic material such as photographic films or photographic paper) onto rotary cores. ", "For example, the apparatus of the present invention can be utilized to convolute a web of photographic paper or the like onto the core of a reel which is confined in the interior of a lighttightly sealed cassette or another container.", "\nIt is already known to provide a cassette with a web-admitting elongated guide member which is pivotally installed in the interior of the cassette and whose outlet portion extends substantially tangentially of the rotary core which constitutes or forms part of a takeup reel for photographic paper or other web-like photosensitive material. ", "It is desirable to provide such apparatus with a mechanism which can catch the leader of a web without losses in or damage to the material of the web and thereupon causes the leader to orbit around the axis of the core so that the web is convoluted onto the peripheral surface of the core. ", "It is also desirable to construct the catcher mechanism in such a way that the leader of a web can be introduced with a minimum of effort and within a short interval of time so that the convoluting operation can proceed with a minimum of delay. ", "German Offenlegungsschrift No. ", "2,445,998 discloses an apparatus which comprises means for attaching the leader of a web to a rotary core. ", "To this end, the pivotable guide member is mounted in the cassette in the aforedescribed manner and its outlet is positioned to direct the foremost part of the leader of a web into one of the spaces between radially extending spokes at the periphery of the core. ", "The spokes are coated with a friction generating material which insures that the leader is entrained by the rotating core when its foremost part extends into the space between two neighboring spokes. ", "A drawback of such apparatus is that the core is rather expensive because it must be provided with spokes and that the spokes must be coated with friction generating material. ", "Furthermore, the mechanism for effecting and controlling the movements of the pivotable guide member is complex and expensive." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Q:\n\nError consuming a self-referencing entity using Entity Framework 5 (EF5) from a data service\n\nI have a WCF data service that exposes my EF5 entity model. ", " This particular model has two self-referencing columns. ", " Below is the model.", "\npublic class Chunk\n{\n [Key]\n public int Id { get; set; }\n\n [Required]\n public string Name { get; set; }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Gets/sets the left chunk, which is used for chaining\n /// </summary>\n public int? ", "LeftChunk_Id { get; set; }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Gets/sets the right chunk, which is used for chaining\n /// </summary>\n public int? ", "RightChunk_Id { get; set; }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Gets/set any chunk that should be rendered to the left of this chunk\n /// </summary>\n [ForeignKey(\"LeftChunk_Id\")]\n public virtual Chunk Left { get; set; }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Gets/sets any chunk that should be rendered to the right of this chunk\n /// </summary>\n [ForeignKey(\"RightChunk_Id\")]\n public virtual Chunk Right { get; set; }\n}\n\nI also set up the relationships using Fluent.", "\nmodelBuilder.", "Entity<Chunk>()\n .HasOptional<Chunk>(o => o.Left)\n .WithMany()\n .HasForeignKey(o => o.LeftChunk_Id)\n .WillCascadeOnDelete(false);\n\nmodelBuilder.", "Entity<Chunk>()\n .HasOptional<Chunk>(o => o.Right)\n .WithMany()\n .HasForeignKey(o => o.RightChunk_Id)\n .WillCascadeOnDelete(false);\n\nThen there's this WCF data service that exposes the data model.", "\npublic class ContentStudio : DataService<ObjectContext>\n{\n public static void InitializeService(DataServiceConfiguration config)\n {\n config.", "SetEntitySetAccessRule(\"Chunks\", EntitySetRights.", "AllRead);\n\n config.", "DataServiceBehavior.", "MaxProtocolVersion = DataServiceProtocolVersion.", "V2;\n }\n\n protected override ObjectContext CreateDataSource()\n {\n ContentStudioDataContext ctx = new ContentStudioDataContext();\n\n var objectContext = ((IObjectContextAdapter)ctx).ObjectContext;\n\n objectContext.", "ContextOptions.", "ProxyCreationEnabled = false;\n return objectContext;\n }\n}\n\nWhen I try to connect to this data service in a sample app, I get the following message:\n\nProperties referred by the Dependent Role Chunk_Left_Source must be a\n subset of the key of the EntityType MyNamespace.", "Chunk referred to by\n the Dependent Role in the referential constraint for Relationship\n MyNamespace.", "Chunk_Left.", "\n\nI get the same message repeated for Chunk.", "Right. ", " This only happens in EF5. ", " When I downgrade to EF 4.3.1, it works. ", " I'm using VS 2012 and .NET 4.5. ", " If anybody could help me with this I'd really appreciate it.", "\n\nA:\n\nSo it looks like the answer to this one was to use the upgraded Microsoft.", "Data.", "Services library instead of the System.", "Data.", "Services library that comes with .NET 4.5. ", " I hope this helps whoever else may stumble across this.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Gliomatosis peritonei as a natural experiment in tissue differentiation.", "\nGliomatosis peritonei (GP) is an unusual condition in which nodules of mature astroglia, often miliary and microscopic in size, are widespread in the peritoneum and abdominal lymph nodes. ", "Its behaviour is benign and it is usually found in association with ovarian teratoma and rarely with teratomas of other organs. ", "Implants grow rapidly and can remain unchanged for life. ", "Astroglia is the main component, but other neural lineage elements and many other tissues can be found. ", "Cells are mature but not terminal, since they express SOX2. ", "Secondary associated lesions include: a) degenerative astrocytic changes, b) granulomatous and follicular chronic inflammatory changes, c) association with hormonally related changes, such as decidual peritoneal metaplasia and endometriosis and d) endothelial and adventitial vascular hyperplasia leading to haemoperitoneum.", "Two pathogenetic mechanisms are considered: direct seeding of immature neural cells from a primary tumour with subsequent differentiation and metaplasia from peritoneal stem cells. ", "The former proposal is supported by clinicopathologic data such as ample cellular heterogeneity, coexistence of mature astroglia with neural blastema, as well as the shed keratin and hairs from the ovarian neoplasm. ", "However, metaplasia is sustained by a heterozygosity pattern of GP nodules, identical to the normal tissue and different from the coexistent ovarian teratoma. ", "GP would constitute a response to growth factors from teratoma or macrophages. ", "While an implantative origin from ovarian teratoma remains in most cases a more probable mechanism, metaplasia from peritoneal stem cells would explain cases of GP which present a monomorphic astrocytic cell population." ]

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[ "ANDROID\n\nWhen Sony Ericsson released its Xperia Neo V in November of last year, we were amazed. ", "Selling for a bit over 13K, is had a 1 GHz Qualcomm MSM8255 Snapdragon inside. ", "This processor was found on more expensive phones like the HTC Desire S and HTC Desire HD, but the Xperia Neo V had a much lower price. ", "Coupled with a high resolution 3.7-inch display, 512 MB of RAM and 320 MB of expandable storage, we said it was phone most buyers could buy, without regretting not buying something more expensive.", "\n\nYugatech reports that Sony is releasing a updated version of the the Xperia Neo V, the Xperia Neo L, next week. ", "The suggested retail price of the Xperia Neo L is Php12,490. ", "The Sony Xperia Neo L, is essentially a Xperia Neo V, with a larger 4-inch display in a slightly slimmer case.", "\n\nQuick specifications:\n\nAndroid OS (Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich)\n\n4-inch (480 x 854) LCD\n\n1 GHz Scorpion processor\n\nAdreno 205 GPU\n\nQualcomm MSM8255 Snapdragon\n\n512MB RAM\n\n300MB internal storage expandable up to 32GB via MicroSD card\n\n5MP auto focus primary camera with LED flash and 720p video recording\n\nVGA secondary camera\n\nWiFi/Bluetooth/Micro USB\n\nHDMI Out\n\nHSDPA, 7.2 Mbps; HSUPA, 5.76 Mbps\n\n1500 mAh battery\n\nIs the new Xperia L as good a deal today as the Xperia Neo V was last year? ", "Surprisingly, it is. ", "It's primary competitors on the market are the HTC One V and the Sony's own Xperia U.\n\nVersus the Sony Xperia U. The Sony Xperia U, has a suggested retail price of Php13,990, but these days can be bought for less than 12K with an official warranty. ", "It is the cheapest dual core phone in the market, which is the main reason to select this phone.", "\n\nThe Sony Xperia U has a smaller 3.5-inch display and it does not come with a MicroSD card slot. ", "Overall it is a better package than the Sony Xperia Neo L, but it has 6 GB of user available internal storage (2GB for apps and 4 GB for media, pictures and documents), and that is either enough for you or not. ", "If you want a larger display or need more storage than the Sony Xperia Neo L is the better choice among the two.", "\n\nVersus the HTC One V. The Sony Xperia Neo L pretty much matches the specifications of the HTC One V at a lower price. ", "The Xperia Neo L actually has a larger 4-inch display versus the 3.7-inch display on the One V.\n\nOn the minus side, the Sony Xperia Neo L has only 300 MB of internal storage, which is less than a third of the internal storage on the HTC One V. The storage is expandable via a MicroSD card, but not all apps can be installed on the MicroSD card. ", "This is a bit disappointing since even entry level phones like the Samsung Pocket and LG Optimus L3 have much more internal storage than the Xperia Neo V.\n\nThe Xperia Neo L, is slimmer than the last years model, but at 12.2 mm it really is looking chunky this year with newer model being in the 10 mm or less range. ", "The One V is just 9.2 mm thick. ", "Also, it still uses physical buttons rather than the capacitive buttons used in most phones these days.", "\n\nThe HTC One V, can be found in the market now for just Php13,290, or about 1K more than the Sony Xperia Neo L. Overall, I like the HTC One V better.", "\n\nOur take. ", "At around 12-13K, the Sony Xperia U is still our favorite. ", "Dual core power gives it more longevity in our book. ", "For those wanting expandable storage, the HTC One V is a good choice. ", "Those who want a larger display should take a look at the Sony Xperia Neo L." ]

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[ "A new study indicates young adults have a healthy mistrust of the information they read on Twitter.", "\n\nNearly anyone can start a Twitter account and post 140 characters of information at a time, bogus or not, a fact the study's participants seemed to grasp, said Kimberly Fenn, assistant professor of psychology at Michigan State University.", "\n\n\"Our findings suggest young people are somewhat wary of information that comes from Twitter,\" said Fenn, lead investigator on the study. \"", "It's a good sign.\"", "\n\nThe study, funded by the National Science Foundation, is the first to examine social media and false memory. ", "Participants were college students from the so-called Millennial Generation. ", "Twitter, with 230 million users, is most popular among people in their teens and 20s.", "\n\nFenn and MSU colleagues showed 74 undergraduates a series of images on a computer that depicted a story of a man robbing a car. ", "False information about the story was then presented in a scrolling text feed that bore a high resemblance to Twitter or in a feed from a more traditional online source.", "\n\nThe researchers tested whether the students integrated the bogus information into their minds, which psychologists call false memory. ", "The results showed that when the participants read the \"Twitter\" feed, they were much less likely to form false memories about the story.", "\n\nFenn said the students were more mistrustful of the Twitter feed than they were of the more traditional feed.", "\n\n\"We propose young adults are taking into account the medium of the message when integrating information into memory,\" Fenn said.", "\n\nThe study appears online in the Springer research journal Psychonomic Bulletin & Review." ]

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[ "Gaming machines, such as slot machines, video poker machines and the like, have been a cornerstone of the gaming industry for several years. ", "Generally, the popularity of such machines with patrons is dependent on the likelihood (or perceived likelihood) of winning money at the machine and the intrinsic entertainment value of the machine relative to other available gaming options. ", "Where the available gaming options include a number of competing machines and the expectation of winning at each machine is roughly the same (or believed to be the same), patrons are likely to be attracted to the most entertaining and exciting machines. ", "Shrewd operators consequently strive to employ the most entertaining and exciting machines, features, and enhancements available because such machines attract frequent play and hence increase profitability to the operator. ", "Therefore, there is a continuing need for gaming machine manufacturers to continuously develop new games and improved gaming enhancements that will attract frequent play through enhanced entertainment value to the patron.", "\nElectronic games are capable of being modified to fit the habits and likes of users. ", "The habits may be known through tracking cards, identifications ids or other manners of identifying a user and storing data related to the game playing habits of the user. ", "This habit based data may be used to modify the games in a variety of ways, from the games available to the speed of play.", "\nAt times, groups of similar people may be near a gaming device. ", "While each player may have individual habits and likes, the mentality and behavior of a group is often overlooked. ", "Group behavior may be capable of influencing players to play in a manner that is more desirable to a game operator. ", "Further, player enjoyment and user experience may be enhanced if the player is part of a group." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to reset or restart the ARCore session?", "\n\nI need to reset/restart the ARCore session. ", "In ARKit, I just have to create a new configuration and execute the RunWithConfigAndOptions method, but I can't find any information on how to do this in ARCore. ", "The following is the code I use in Unity for ARKit:\nARKitWorldTrackingSessionConfiguration config = new ARKitWorldTrackingSessionConfiguration();\nconfig.planeDetection = UnityARPlaneDetection.", "Horizontal;\nconfig.alignment = UnityARAlignment.", "UnityARAlignmentGravity;\nconfig.enableLightEstimation = true; \n\nUnityARSessionNativeInterface.", "GetARSessionNativeInterface().RunWithConfigAndOptions(config, \n UnityARSessionRunOption.", "ARSessionRunOptionRemoveExistingAnchors | \n UnityARSessionRunOption.", "ARSessionRunOptionResetTracking);\n\nI'm working in Unity, but I guess any information will be useful.", "\nThanks\n\nA:\n\nTry DestroyImmediate(session) or Destroy(session). ", "One of them may work.", "\nARCoreSession session = goARCoreDevice.", "GetComponent<ARCoreSession>();\nARCoreSessionConfig myConfig = session.", "SessionConfig;\n\nDestroyImmediate(session);\n// Destroy(session);\n\nyield return null;\n\nsession = goARCoreDevice.", "AddComponent<ARCoreSession>();\nsession.", "SessionConfig = myConfig;\nsession.enabled = true;\n\nHope this helps.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "After last week’s recall election caused two pro-gun control Democrats to lose their State Senate seats in Colorado, Bill Maher has decided that “gun control is dead” for good. “", "I think the message was ‘Do not fuck with gun nuts, because they are nuts about their guns,'” Maher said, as part of his “epigraph” for the gun control movement. “", "You cannot overestimate how much Americans love guns.”", "\n\nWeighing in from the right, Michael Steele said the push for stricter gun laws in America “died on the vine” this past spring, “when the momentum was not taken up by the Congress and the White House, quite frankly.” ", "When Maher pushed back on this idea, Steele said “There was no real impetus to push this thing through, to get it to president’s desk, because if there were, we’d have the law in place, wouldn’t we?”", "\n\nMaher and his other guests were flabbergasted by Steele’s assertion, with the host saying, “There was plenty of impetus, they just voted against it.”", "\n\nSteele tried to pin the fault on the Democrats, but Rolling Stone’s Matt Taibbi countered with, “I think they voted against it because they’re crazy for guns.”", "\n\nBringing up the Iowa law granting legally people the ability to obtain gun permits, which has been Piers Morgan’s main beef this week, Maher said it sounded like something out of The Onion. “", "What could not get passed?” ", "he asked. “", "Isn’t the NRA just fucking with us at this point? ", "They realize that nothing they propose is ever going to get shot down.”", "\n\nThe Economist’s Zanny Minton-Beddoes picked up on Maher’s point about the NRA, saying they now seem to have the ability to recall any politician who does something their members don’t like. “", "I’m all for representative democracy,” she said, “but this seems kind of like buyers remorse.”", "\n\n“If you think Democrats got scared about guns after Al Gore lost Tennessee in 2000,” Maher said, “this is where they’re really going to get scared.”", "\n\nWatch video below, via HBO:\n\n[photo via screengrab]\n\n— —\n\n>> Follow Matt Wilstein (@TheMattWilstein) on Twitter\n\nHave a tip we should know? [", "email protected]" ]

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[ "\n524 So.2d 957 (1988)\nDorothy Elizabeth MAY\nv.\nSTATE of Mississippi.", "\nNo. ", "57357\nSupreme Court of Mississippi.", "\nApril 20, 1988.", "\n*959 Thomas A. Coleman, J.P. Coleman, Coleman & Coleman, Ackerman, for appellant.", "\nEdwin Lloyd Pittman and Mike Moore, Attys. ", "Gen. by Jack B. Lacy, Jr., Sp. ", "Asst. ", "Atty. ", "Gen., Jackson, for appellee.", "\nBefore DAN M. LEE, P.J., and ANDERSON and SULLIVAN, JJ.", "\nDAN M. LEE, Presiding Justice, for the Court:\nDorothy Elizabeth May was indicted, tried and convicted of murdering her husband, James L. May. She appeals the conviction and sentence to life in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections. ", "She assigns these errors:\nI. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ADMITTING INTO EVIDENCE OVER APPELLANT'S OBJECTION THE OPINION OF THE PATHOLOGIST WHO PERFORMED THE AUTOPSY ON THE BODY OF JAMES L. MAY, DECEASED, DR. ", "RODRIGO GALVEZ, THAT JAMES L. MAY'S WOUND WAS NOT A CONTACT WOUND.", "\nII. ", "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ADMITTED INTO EVIDENCE THE OPINION OF THE SAME DR. ", "RODRIGO GALVEZ, M.D., THAT MOST SUICIDES SHOT THEMSELVES IN AREAS OF THEIR BODY OTHER THAN WHERE JAMES L. MAY'S WOUND WAS LOCATED.", "\nIII. ", "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT OVERRULED APPELLANT'S MOTION TO STRIKE THE TESTIMONY OF MRS. ", "PHRONIE BELL HUNT ON THE GROUNDS THAT APPELLANT'S ATTEMPT TO POISON HER HUSBAND, JAMES L. MAY, WAS TOO REMOTE IN TIME TO BE RELEVANT.", "\nIV. ", "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ADMITTED INTO EVIDENCE THE TAPE RECORDING OF MRS. ", "INNIE PEARL CARTER ROBINSON'S INTERROGATION OF APPELLANT, MRS. ", "DOROTHY ELIZABETH MAY.", "\nV. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT PERMITTED CHOCTAW COUNTY SHERIFF BOYCE BRUCE AND MISSISSIPPI INVESTIGATORS BILLY GORE AND JERRY BUTLER TO TESTIFY ABOUT WHAT THEY HEARD OF MRS. ", "ROBINSON'S INTERROGATION OF APPELLANT, MRS. ", "DOROTHY ELIZABETH MAY.", "\nVI. ", "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT OVERRULED APPELLANT'S MOTION FOR A DIRECTED VERDICT OF NOT GUILTY WHICH SHE MADE AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE PRESENTATION OF THE STATE'S CASE AGAINST HER.", "\nVII. ", "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT OVERRULED APPELLANT'S MOTION FOR A PEREMPTORY INSTRUCTION WHICH SHE MADE BY AND THROUGH HER ATTORNEY OF RECORD AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE PRESENTATION OF ALL EVIDENCE DURING THE TRIAL OF THIS CASE.", "\nVIII. ", "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT OVERRULED DEFENDANT'S MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL.", "\nFinding no reversible error, we affirm.", "\n\nI.\n\nFACTS\nJames L. May was found shot to death in his bedroom sometime between 6:30 and 6:45 on the morning of October 30, 1984. ", "Mrs. Dorothy Elizabeth May, the deceased's wife, told police that May asked her to go check on the dogs the couple kept in the backyard. ", "She had not gone far when she heard a shot and returned to the house whereupon she looked inside and saw May lying on his side on the bed. ", "She thought he was dead, and ran the short distance to May's mother's house, and the two returned to the bedroom at which time May's mother turned May on his back to check for signs of life. ", "Next to him lay a double-barrel shotgun. ", "Mrs. May told police that she loaded the shotgun for her husband the night before because he could not do it for himself and he planned on *960 going squirrel hunting the next morning. ", "He died of a wound to the neck near the jaw, below the right ear.", "\nBy some reports, May had been sickly and depressed; however, police quickly came to suspect May's death was not a suicide.", "\nThe investigation turned up evidence pointing to homicide, and on November 16, 1984, Choctaw County Sheriff Boyce Bruce and investigators of the Mississippi Highway Patrol arrested Dorothy Elizabeth May. She was indicted in the February 1985 term of the Choctaw County grand jury. ", "After a continuance at defendant's request, trial commenced February 26, 1986.", "\nThe evidence showed that in May 1984 Mr. May had been hospitalized in Eupora, then moved to a hospital in Tupelo. ", "Later he was a patient at the Methodist Rehabilitation Center in Jackson, Mississippi. ", "However, there was no testimony as to what, if any, diagnosis was made. ", "May's son, Charles Edward May, said he never spoke with his father's doctors or with his mother about the cause of Mr. May's illness. ", "None of May's doctors testified, nor did Mrs. May take the stand in her defense.", "\nThe state sought to show that Mr. May's illness was caused by Mrs. May, but that when it appeared he would recover, she killed him. ", "The state produced witnesses who testified they heard Mrs. May say that she wanted to kill her husband so she could collect on his insurance policies.", "\nMrs. May formerly drove a school bus for the Choctaw County School District. ", "Tina Beecher, who rode on the bus driven by Mrs. May, testified Mrs. May asked her on several occasions how could she get rid of her husband without losing everything.", "\nRudolph Carter, son of one of Mrs. May's friends and with whom Mrs. May had a \"close relationship,\" testified that 30 or 40 times between January 1984 and May 1984 Mrs. May told him she wanted to get rid of her husband. ", "At first she wanted someone to kill him and then she asked Rudolph to kill him for her. ", "It had to look like an accident, she said, so she could collect the insurance and live her life without her husband's interference, Carter testified. ", "Then she said if she could not find someone else to do it, she would do it herself. ", "Mrs. May suggested to Rudolph that they could run away to Texas together and spend the insurance money without anyone knowing.", "\nCarter further testified that Mrs. May told him she tried to poison Mr. May by putting rat poison in his food, but this did not kill him. ", "She also told him she tried to give him sleeping pills in his food, but he did not eat enough of the food to affect him.", "\nRay Lampard, a substitute school bus driver who worked with Mrs. May during the spring of 1984, testified that one day in the parking lot Mrs. May brought up the subject of her husband. ", "She asked Lampard what kind of poison she could use to kill her husband. ", "Lampard said he asked why and she responded that she wanted to kill him so she could get insurance money and go to Texas with Rudolph Carter.", "\nDwight Robinson, a 17-year-old who on rode Mrs. May's bus, testified that she asked him how long it took before a dead body got stiff. ", "She told him she was going to put rat poison in her husband's food and was going to collect the insurance money and withdraw other money out of the bank.", "\nLarry David Carter, another son of Innie Pearl Carter Robinson, Mrs. May's close friend, testified that he met Mrs. May at a florist's shop where she offered him $5,000 to kill her husband, which he declined. ", "She told Carter that Mr. May had wanted to go to the bank in Eupora to withdraw his money after he became sick, but Mrs. May had already spent it.", "\nMrs. Innie Pearl Carter Robinson and Phronie Bell Hunt both testified that Mrs. May told each of them she had given rat poison to Mr. May. They reported this to a Dr. Pennington, but Dr. Pennington did not testify at the trial.", "\nFrances Blake, a worker at the Four-Way Superette, testified that Mrs. May often bought gasoline at the store and they would talk about her husband's health. ", "Ms. Blake said one day she inquired of Mrs. May how her husband was doing and *961 Mrs. May replied, \"Well, Frances, in spite of all my attempts to kill him, it looks like he's going to live.\" ", "Mrs. May did not smile when she said this.", "\nPost mortem tests on hair and fingernail samples taken from May's body showed he had increased levels of arsenic, a common ingredient in rat poison. ", "J.C. Smiley, forensic toxicology expert, testified that there was approximately 10 times more arsenic in the fingernail samples than would be considered normal. ", "The arsenic level in the hair samples was almost twice what is considered normal. ", "Smiley said he found no traces of arsenic in the liver, a main repository for poison in the body. ", "This could have meant there was no recent ingestation of arsenic, or that ingestation was at a much earlier date. ", "Smiley testified there could have been industrial-related reasons for the presence of arsenic, and he did not know Mr. May's work background.", "\nThe state introduced physical evidence and expert testimony to negate the possibility of suicide.", "\nDr. Rodrigo Galvez, a pathologist who qualified as an expert witness, testified that May died of a gunshot that entered the right side of the neck at the mandibular angle, just below the jaw near the ear. ", "The wound itself covered 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 centimeters. ", "Galvez found shotgun shot and wadding in the wound. ", "Death was caused by shot travelling up through the brain.", "\nOne of the main factual questions for the jury to resolve was whether the shot was fired at a range close enough to suggest self-infliction.", "\nThe left barrel of the double-barreled shotgun found by May's body contained an expended hull; the right barrel contained an unfired shell. ", "Since May was supposedly found on his left side, Investigator Jerry Butler of the Mississippi Highway Patrol measured May's reach on his right arm. ", "From the wound to the furthest tip of May's longest finger on his right hand was a distance of 32-1/2 to 33 inches. ", "The distance from the tip of the shotgun barrel to the trigger for the left barrel (which was slightly behind the right barrel trigger) was 29 inches. ", "Thus, for May to have fired the fatal shot, the barrel would have had to have been within roughly four inches of May's throat.", "\nSteve Byrd, Mississippi Crime Laboratory forensic scientist, testified as a firearms examination expert. ", "Byrd testified he test-fired the shotgun found by May's body, and the size of the wound most closely corresponded to the dimensions of a shot fired from a distance of 42-54 inches; however, Byrd said a \"sooty area\" or ring of 3-1/2 inches by 5-1/2 inches would be consistent with a shot fired from six inches away.", "\nThe court found Dr. Galvez qualified to render an opinion on whether the wound was a contact wound. ", "From the skin pattern, and from the powder deposits around the wound, Dr. Galvez stated that in his opinion the wound was not a contact wound. ", "Dr. Galvez also stated that in his opinion the location of the fatal wound was not consistent with the location of a self-inflicted gunshot wound.", "\nThe state also introduced statements Mrs. May made to Innie Pearl Carter Robinson some days after the crime while visiting Mrs. Robinson. ", "Investigators Butler and Billy Mack Gore and Sheriff Boyce Bruce enlisted Mrs. Robinson to put a transmitter and a tape recorder in her bedroom. ", "Either November 15 or 16, 1984, but before Mrs. May's arrest, the authorities placed a wireless transmitter behind Mrs. Robinson's television, and placed a tape recorder under her bed.", "\nButler, Gore and Sheriff Bruce all testified that over the transmitter they heard Mrs. Robinson say to another person, \"I didn't think you had the nerve to do it.\" ", "The other person responded, \"he never knew what hit him.\" ", "The officers also overheard the other person talk about using a pair of red gloves to avoid leaving fingerprints. ", "Mrs. Robinson testified that the other voice was that of Mrs. May, and she remembered the same exchanges to which the officers testified.", "\nThe wireless transmission was not very clear in many spots, mainly because the microphone was a distance away and the *962 two persons talked in a whisper, Butler testified. ", "Likewise, the tape recording was muffled in spots because it was hidden. ", "The original recording and an enhanced version were played for the jury. ", "A transcription appears in the record, but the jury did not have the transcript, nor were the tapes carried to the deliberation room.", "\nMrs. May objected to introduction of any of these statements because they were elicited by a police agent. ", "The court overruled this objection.", "\nIn her defense, Mrs. May introduced evidence that the fatal shot was fired from very close range, and her ballistics expert, Charles Leland Quarles, testified that the vapor ring, or sooty ring, around the wounds suggested the muzzle was very, very close — less than two inches away. ", "Quarles acknowledged, however, that the size of the wound corresponded to that of a shot fired from a much greater distance, perhaps four feet.", "\nMrs. May also introduced two witnesses who stated Mr. May had been depressed about his health. ", "Charles Thomas, Choctaw County School District Assistant Superintendent, testified he saw May with the defendant at a football game September 21, 1984, and May seemed at a \"low ebb.\" ", "May told him, \"it's no use, I don't seem to be getting any better.\" ", "Thomas took this to mean May was giving up on life.", "\nCharles Edward May, the deceased's son, testified that though his father's health had been improving, his mind was not. ", "Charles said his father was still negative about everything. ", "He never said he was getting better. ", "On several occasions Mr. May stated, \"If I'm not going to get any better, I just don't want to live any more.\" ", "Charles said his father did not want to become an invalid, like his own father. ", "The weekend before the Tuesday shooting, May had asked his son to come home from college for a visit, stating, \"I may never see you again.\"", "\nIn rebuttal, the state showed that May's health was improving during the weeks before his death. ", "Though he had trouble walking during the worst part of his illness, May had been walking about three miles a day. ", "Walter Murphy, Choctaw County Supervisor and May's friend, said he spoke with May in his yard the Sunday before he died. ", "May said he had made two trips to Tomnolen, a distance of about three miles round trip, and he was looking forward to getting back to work. ", "Murphy said May appeared to be in good spirits. ", "Allen Pyron testified May walked by his body shop about two weeks before his death. ", "May told him he felt fine, that he had been walking a good bit every day, and was looking forward to doing some hunting with his young hunting dogs. ", "Pyron said just a couple of months before he had seen May in a wheelchair at a summer league baseball game.", "\nThe trial court denied Mrs. May's request for a directed verdict at the close of all the evidence, and the jury returned a verdict of guilty as charged. ", "Following denial of her motion for a new trial, Mrs. May timely perfected this appeal.", "\n\nII.", "\n\nDid the Trial Court Err in Allowing Witness Dr. Galvez to Give Various Expert Opinions?", "\nHere Mrs. May argues the trial court erred in allowing Dr. Rodrigo Galvez to give two expert opinions; first, that Mr. May's wound was not a contact wound, and, second, that the location of Mr. May's wound was not consistent with the usual location of self-inflicted gunshot wounds.", "\nTaking the first opinion, Mrs. May argues that the case of Austin v. State, 324 So.2d 245 (Miss. 1975), requires reversal.", "\nIn Austin this Court held it error to allow a pathologist to testify to the position of a shooting victim's arm at the time the fatal shot was fired, when the question was whether the victim had been an aggressor. ", "Id. at 248. ", "The obvious rationale of the Austin decision in the murder/self defense context is that such testimony would amount to an opinion on the ultimate fact, effectively invading the province of the jury. ", "See Taylor v. State, 452 So.2d 441, 449 (Miss. 1984) (\"Where insanity is not the defense, the determination of the ultimate *963 fact of murder or manslaughter is left to the jury and is not subject to expert opinion testimony.\") (", "citing Austin v. State, 324 So.2d 245 [Miss. 1975]).", "\nWe decided Austin, however, based on our law of evidence prior to our Rules of Evidence. ", "Mrs. May was tried in February 1986; thus, this case is governed by the Mississippi Rules of Evidence, and Austin is of value only to the extent it is consistent with the Rules. ", "See M.R.E 1103.", "\nUnder M.R.E 702:\nIf scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue, a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education, may testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otherwise.", "\nThe comment makes clear that Rule 702 \"does not relax the traditional standards for determining that the witness is indeed qualified to speak an opinion on a matter within his purported field of knowledge. ", "Nor does 702 relax the requirement that the scientific principle from which the expert's opinion is derived `must be sufficiently established to have gained general acceptance in the particular field to which it belongs.'\" ", "The comment specifically cites House v. State, 445 So.2d 815 (Miss. 1984), for a useful guide to what fields of knowledge have gained \"general acceptance.\"", "\nThere can be little question that forensic pathology is a field of knowledge having gained \"general acceptance.\" ", "Dr. Galvez was qualified to testify as an expert in forensic pathology. ", "Likewise, forensic psychiatry is recognized as a proper field of expertise, especially for competency determinations.", "\nMrs. May objects that Dr. Galvez should not have been allowed to testify to his opinion that Mr. May's wound was not a contact wound because he lacked ballistics training. ", "This appears to be essentially a complaint that Galvez was testifying outside his area of expertise.", "\nHowever, as the state notes, Dr. Galvez testified on voir dire that he had examined approximately 150 gunshot wounds and, based on this and other training and experience, including \"much training in ballistic areas,\" the trial found Dr. Galvez qualified to render an opinion on whether Mr. May was killed by a contact wound. ", "Generally, under our new Rules of Evidence, the decision of whether or not an expert witness is qualified to testify is within the trial court's discretion. ", "See Detroit Marine Engineering v. McRee, 510 So.2d 462, 467 (Miss. 1987); Hooten v. State, 492 So.2d 948 (Miss. 1986). ", "The test is whether a witness \"possesses peculiar knowledge or information regarding the relevant subject matter which is not likely to be possessed by a layman.\" ", "McRee, 510 So.2d at 467; Henry v. State, 484 So.2d 1012, 1015 (Miss. 1986). ", "There does not appear to be an abuse of discretion in allowing Dr. Galvez to testify concerning the proximity of the firearm to the wound.", "\nIt is not clear, however, that the location of an upper body wound has been accepted by the field of forensic psychiatry or forensic pathology as a general indication of whether the wound was self-inflicted. ", "Thus, Dr. Galvez's observation may be nothing more than that. ", "This type of opinion seems more like the type of conjecture or speculation that should not be admitted.", "\nMrs. May also suggests that it was error to allow Dr. Galvez to give his opinion that Mr. May's wound was not consistent with what is normally found to be the location of a self-inflicted wound. ", "This seems more a question whether Dr. Galvez should have been allowed to express an opinion on the ultimate fact. ", "Courts have been divided on whether expert testimony should be allowed on the question of whether a wound is self-inflicted. ", "See Annot., \"", "Admissibility, in homicide prosecution, of opinion evidence that death was or was not self-inflicted,\" 56 A.L.R.2d 1447 (1957 & Supp.). ", "The majority of courts that have considered the question, however, hold that such opinions are generally admissible. ", "This, of course, would seem to be the proper rule in light of Rule 704, which does not *964 preclude opinion evidence on the ultimate issue.", "\nEvery expert opinion embracing the ultimate fact is not per se admissible, however. ", "The opinion still must be helpful to the trier of fact. ", "Hughes v. Tupelo Oil Co., Inc., 510 So.2d 502 (Miss. 1987); Dale v. Bridges, 507 So.2d 375 (Miss. 1987). \"", "Questions which simply allow the witness to tell the jury what result to reach are impermissible, as are questions asking the witness for a legal conclusion.\" ", "Dale, 507 So.2d at 378, see Owen v. Kerr-McGee Corp., 698 F.2d 236, 240 (5th Cir.1983). ", "The court in Owen noted, however, that \"the task of separating impermissible questions which call for overbroad or legal responses from permissible questions is not a facile one.\" ", "698 F.2d at 240.", "\nHaving in mind these standards, it seems to us that the prosecution's questions did not elicit overbroad or legal responses. ", "This is the exchange of which Mrs. May complains:\nQ. Dr. Galvez, can you tell the jury whether or not what is reflected in your psychiatric literature to which you have referred, and in your own experience as a psychiatrist/pathologist, that you have been able to detect any pattern or patterns of gunshot wounds made by shotguns with any individuals who have committed suicide by the use of a shotgun?", "\nA. Yes, sir.", "\nQ. Would you tell the jury what those are, please?", "\nA. Well, usually, the individual will put the muzzle inside the mouth, or either to the side of the head, and the side of the head would be dictated by whether the person was right-handed or left-handed. ", "That is the first choice. ", "And, another choice is aiming at the heart, and the abdomen.", "\nQ. And, Doctor, when you say to the side of the head, to what area are you referring?", "\nA. To the temple area, either the right temple or the left temple.", "\nBY MR. ", "LACY: We have no further question, your honor.", "\n(R. 295)\nThese questions did not evoke an overbroad or legal response. ", "The opinion was reasonably factually specific to the question of whether this particular wound was similar to those found on other suicide victims.", "\nThis does not in and of itself decide admissibility, however. ", "As noted above, the opinion must still be \"helpful to a determination of the case.\" ", "See the official comment to M.R.E. 704. ", "In other words, the opinion must be helpful to the trier of fact. ", "Thus, an opinion which covers facts within the common knowledge or experience of lay people will not be helpful and therefore inadmissible. ", "See Scott v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 738 F.2d 269 (8th Cir.1984).", "\nAlthough the testimony outlined above may approach simple conjecture, we think it sufficiently outside the common experience to be the subject of a \"helpful\" expert opinion.", "\nDr. Galvez gave specific, detailed reasons why he thought May's wound was not the result of contact or close proximity of the shotgun barrel to the skin. ", "Galvez only testified that from reading studies and from his experience in studying self-inflicted gunshot wounds, individuals committing suicide usually put the gun muzzle to the side of the head at the temple, or put it inside the mouth, or aim it at the heart or the abdomen. ", "Thus, the opinion is not objectionable on the grounds that the basis of the opinion was not divulged.", "\nIn all, we find no reversible error in allowing either opinion into evidence.", "\n\nIII.", "\n\nDid the Trial Court Err in Overruling Mrs. May's Motion to Strike Testimony from Mrs. Phronie Hunt Concerning Other Remote Crimes?", "\nHere Mrs. May argues that the trial court committed reversible error in allowing Mrs. Phronie Hunt to testify that in 1983 she heard Mrs. May state she tried to *965 poison her husband. ", "As noted in Part I, Mr. May's death occurred October 30, 1984.", "\nObviously, the testimony was admitted as going to show Mrs. May's intent to kill her husband. ", "M.R.E. 404(b). ", "See Steed v. State, 396 So.2d 625, 627 (Miss. 1981).", "\nThe only authority Mrs. May cites for her proposition are two cases dealing with remote threats against defendants who many months later assaulted the persons voicing the threats. ", "Stewart v. State, 226 So.2d 911, 912 (Miss. 1968); Myers v. State, 167 Miss. 76, 147 So. ", "308 (1933). ", "In both cases the Court found the threats too remote. ", "Obviously, a plea of self defense carries with it a requirement that the threat be contemporaneous with the act of defense, at least to the point that the actor had a reasonable belief of impending harm. ", "No compelling contemporaneousness is required for intent. ", "However, even if Mrs. Hunt's testimony involved an incident too remote to be relevant, several other persons testified to similar threats during the spring of 1984, at most 10 months before Mr. May's death. ", "Any error in admitting Mrs. Hunt's testimony was surely harmless.", "\nSensing the harmlessness of Mrs. Hunt's testimony, Mrs. May argues it was error to allow all the other testimony concerning her prior attempts to kill her husband. ", "She cites no authority to support her additional claim of remoteness; however, some pre-Rules precedent might support her claim.", "\nSteed v. State, 396 So.2d 625, 627 (Miss. 1981), and Grooms v. State, 357 So.2d 292, 295-96 (Miss. 1978), both dealt with remoteness of threats made by a defendant about a victim, uncommunicated to the deceased. ", "In both of those cases the Court intimated that threats made within two months of the killing were not too remote. ", "In Parr v. State, 362 So.2d 634, 636 (Miss. 1978), the Court approved of admitting evidence of threats made as much as 13 months before the killing. ", "However, in that case the Court noted, \"The record indicates that for a period before the threats were made up until the date of the homicide, there was hostility, bitterness, and ill will between appellant and his wife [the deceased]. ", "Such a situation rendered the threats relevant and competent.\"", "\nThus, this Court's pre-Rule precedent seems to hold that threats made within two months of the killing are not too remote, and threats more remote may be admissible where there are linking contemporaneous threats as in Parr. ", "On the other hand, the Court noted in Steed, Grooms and Parr that whether a threat is too remote is a question addressed to the sound discretion of the trial judge. ", "Steed, 396 So.2d at 627.", "\nThe analysis under the new Rules of Evidence may incorporate our pre-Rules precedent to some extent. ", "Rule 404(b) states that evidence of \"other crimes, wrongs, or acts\" will be admissible to show intent, knowledge, preparation, plan, identity, or absence of mistake or accident. ", "If threats made to a deceased are considered \"other crimes, wrongs, or acts,\" then the focus should be on whether the trial judge abused his discretion under Rule 403, M.R.E., in admitting the evidence despite its prejudicial effect. ", "If the threats do not fall under 404(b), the analysis is still essentially the same, since threats made to the accused not constituting another wrong could still be relevant under Rules 401 and 402 as showing intent or motive. ", "See Jenkins v. State, 507 So.2d 89, 91-93 (Miss. 1987). ", "Here the question of remoteness may re-enter the analysis as a question of relevancy. ", "However, Rule 401 defines relevant evidence very broadly, and it would seem that evidence of threats made in early 1984, some 10 months before the murder, would have a tendency to \"make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable,\" especially in a circumstantial evidence case. ", "The Court would thus again be faced with the question of whether the trial judge abused his discretion in admitting the testimony under Rule 403.", "\nWe hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting testimony concerning prior murder threats made by Mrs. May against the deceased. ", "The facts as detailed under Part I make clear that most *966 of the objectionable testimony covered the time between January 1984 through May 1984. ", "In addition, Mrs. Robinson also testified to a more contemporaneous threat made by Mrs. May less than a week before Mr. May's death. ", "Mrs. Robinson testified that the Friday before Mr. May died, Mrs. May told her that Mr. May had to be dead by Thursday next, and at this time Mrs. May even asked her if she would kill him. ", "Thus, even were we to follow Parr, there was some evidence of a contemporaneous threat. ", "There is no error.", "\n\nIV.", "\n\nDid the Trial Court Err in Admitting Into Evidence the Tape Recorded Admission by Defendant at a Time When the Corpus Delicti Had Not Been Proved?", "\nHere Mrs. May argues that the state failed to meet its burden of establishing the corpus delicti of the crime. ", "Specifically, Mrs. May argues that but for the statement elicited by Innie Pearl Carter Robinson, the corpus delicti was entirely circumstantial, and thus the state had the burden of proving the corpus delicti to the exclusion of every reasonable hypothesis other than that of the guilt of the accused. ", "She argues that the state failed to meet this burden.", "\nIn Miskelley v. State, 480 So.2d 1104, 1107-08 (Miss. 1985), the Court dealt with the point at which a defendant's statements may be introduced to prove the corpus delicti. ", "In holding that the corpus delicti of murder was sufficiently shown to warrant admitting defendant's statement to his girl-friend, the Court stated the following:\nIn Jackson v. State, 337 So.2d 1242 (Miss. 1976) the Court said:\nIt is contended that the corpus delicti was not sufficiently proven prior to the admission of the confession.", "\nThe corpus delicti in a homicide case consists of (1) the death of a human being, and (2) a criminal agency causing the death. ", "The testimony showed that the body of the deceased was found at an unusual place under most unusual circumstances, bruised and swollen with indications of a rape attack. ", "In our opinion, this was sufficient to establish criminal agency. ", "This Court said in Buford v. State, 219 Miss. 683, 69 So.2d 826 (1954), as follows:\nWhere there has been a confession by the accused, much slighter evidence is required to establish the corpus delicti than would be necessary where the state must make out its entire case unaided by such confession. [", "Citations omitted]. ", "The corpus delicti need not be established beyond a reasonable doubt but to a probability, and proof coupled with a confession may be considered as establishing the corpus delicti beyond a reasonable doubt. [", "Citations omitted]. ", "Where there has been a confession by the accused, any corroborative evidence will be held sufficient which satisfies the mind that there is a real and not an imaginary crime to which the accused had confessed... . ", "In a homicide case, the corpus delicti consists of the fact of death and the fact of the cause of death, and both such elements may be proved by circumstances... . ", "Although the corpus delicti cannot be proved alone by the accused's confession, his criminal agency may be shown by his own confession. ", "Roberts v. State, 153 Miss. 622, 121 So. ", "279, (Id. at 690, 69 So.2d at 830).", "\n337 So.2d at 1248. ", "See also Dycus v. State, 440 So.2d 246, 251 (Miss. 1983).", "\nWe are of the opinion that the evidence established the corpus delicti in this case.", "\nSee also Coulter v. State, 506 So.2d 282, 284-85 (Miss. 1987).", "\nAs in the case at bar, the Court in Miskelley did not have an eyewitness. ", "Thus, at least criminal agency had to be proven by circumstantial evidence. ", "No doubt the ultimate burden to prove corpus delecti remains on the state. ", "According to Miskelley and cases cited therein, however, with only slight evidence the state may have the benefit of the accused's statements in meeting its burden.", "\nWhether the state's burden was lightened because the confession is arguably *967 \"direct\" evidence, thus taking the case outside our rule covering cases built upon circumstantial evidence, is a question we need not reach. ", "The jury was given circumstantial evidence instructions; thus, the question of whether the ultimate burden could have been lightened is unimportant.", "\nWhether the evidence of corpus delicti is sufficient, even with the admission/confession, is another question. ", "We think it is. ", "There was expert testimony that the fatal shot was not self-inflicted; there was testimony that the defendant had threatened to kill the victim with the motive of collecting insurance money. ", "Finally, there was the defendant's admission/confession that she shot the victim while he slept. ", "This assignment of error is denied.", "\n\nVI.", "\n\nDid the Trial Court Err in Admitting a Tape Recording of a Statement Made by Mrs. May Prior to Her Arrest?", "\nHere Mrs. May argues that Page v. State, 495 So.2d 436 (Miss. 1986), requires reversal because the recorded statement introduced at trial was taped by Innie Pearl Carter Robinson who was at that time an agent for Sheriff Boyce Bruce and investigators of the Highway Patrol.", "\nAs mentioned under Part I, Sheriff Bruce and investigators Jerry Butler and Billy Gore set up both a wireless transmitter and a tape recorder in Mrs. Robinson's bedroom on November 15 or 16, 1984. ", "Mrs. Robinson then entertained Mrs. May, on November 16, at least a couple of hours before her arrest. ", "Mrs. May made incriminating remarks overheard by everyone. ", "The tape recording picked up some but not all of the remarks, and the tape is reportedly of poor quality. ", "Afterward, authorities obtained a warrant and arrested Mrs. May.\nIn Nicholson v. State, 523 So.2d 68 (Miss. 1988) (Robertson, J., concurring), a majority of justices joined Justice Robertson's concurring opinion holding that the right to counsel attaches after a person has been arrested at the point the initial appearance under Rule 1.04, Miss.Unif.", "Crim. ", "R.Cir.", "Ct.", "Prac., \"", "ought to have been held... .\" ", "Id. at 77 (citing Page, 495 So.2d at 439). ", "Since without doubt Mrs. May was not under arrest at the time these statements were elicited, her right to counsel for assistance at critical stages of the prosecution had not yet attached. ", "Thus, she had no right to counsel and there is no right violated by obtaining her confession without first obtaining a waiver.", "\nLikewise, there is no violation of Mrs. May's right not to incriminate herself under the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. ", "See United States v. Henry, 447 U.S. 264, 272, 100 S.Ct. ", "2183, 2188, 65 L.Ed.2d 115, 123 (1980); Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. 293, 304, 87 S.Ct. ", "408, 414-15, 17 L.Ed.2d 374, 382-84 (1966).", "\nThere being no violation of any right in obtaining the confession, the trial court did not err in allowing evidence of Mrs. May's statements.", "\n\nVI.", "\nMrs. May does not separately argue her assigned errors seeking to assail the weight and sufficiency of the evidence. ", "Since Mrs. May has cited no authority for these errors, this Court need not address them. ", "Ramseur v. State, 368 So.2d 842 (Miss. 1978).", "\nUnder other errors, however, Mrs. May does suggest that the state's case is one where this Court should allow another jury to look at it. ", "Shore v. State, 287 So.2d 766, 768 (Miss. 1974); Feranda v. State, 267 So.2d 305, 307 (Miss. 1972). ", "The state correctly points out that this argument addresses whether a new trial should be granted.", "\nIn more recent precedent, this Court has focused on whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying defendant's motion for a new trial. ", "See Wesley v. State, 521 So.2d 1283 (Miss. 1988); Weeks v. State, 493 So.2d 1280, 1283 (Miss. 1986); Gavin v. State, 473 So.2d 952, 956-57 (Miss. 1985). ", "Under this approach there can be little question that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Mrs. May's motion for a new trial.", "\n\n\n*968 CONCLUSION\nThe trial court did not err in admitting expert testimony, or in admitting testimony concerning defendant's prior threats, or in admitting defendant's admission/confession because the corpus delicti was sufficiently established and it was not obtained in violation of any constitutional rights. ", "Therefore, the judgment of conviction for murder and sentence of life of the Circuit Court of Choctaw County, Mississippi, dated February 27, 1986, is hereby affirmed.", "\nAFFIRMED.", "\nROY NOBLE LEE, C.J., HAWKINS, P.J., and PRATHER, ROBERTSON, SULLIVAN, ANDERSON, GRIFFIN and ZUCCARO, JJ., ", "concur.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Bats don't live in 'houses' like this. ", "They are not birds.", "\"Bat houses\" almost invariably become wasp nests because bats simply won't live for any extended time in a box with only one exit, nor, particularly warm/safe for hibernation in winter.", "\n\nThe reason they live where they do is because other things CAN'T get them there.", "They're not going to put themselves to sleep for months in a box that pretty much says \"food in here\" to a predator." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Exploring some of the physico-chemical properties of the LAMMER protein kinase DOA of Drosophila.", "\nMembers of the highly conserved LAMMER family of protein kinases have been described in all eukaryotes. ", "LAMMER kinases possess markedly similar peptide motifs in their kinase catalytic subdomains that are responsible for phosphotransfer and substrate interaction, suggesting that family members serve similar functions in widely diverged species. ", "This hypothesis is supported by their phosphorylation of SR and SR-related proteins in diverged species. ", "Here we describe a 3-dimensional homology model of the catalytic domain of DOA, a representative LAMMER kinase, encoded by the Drosophila locus Darkener of apricot (Doa). ", "Homology modeling of DOA based on a Sky1p template revealed a highly conserved structural framework within conserved core regions. ", "These adopt typical kinase folding like that of other protein kinases. ", "However, in contrast to Sky1p, some structural features, such as those in helix alphaC suggest that the DOA kinase is not a constitutively active enzyme but requires activation. ", "This may occur by phosphorylation within an activation loop that forms a broad turn and in which interactions between the side chains occur across the loop. ", "The fold of the activation loop is stabilized through interactions with residues in the C-terminal tail, which is not part of the conserved kinase core and is variable among protein kinases. ", "Immediately following the activation loop in the segment between the beta9 sheet and helix alphaF is a P + 1 loop. ", "The electrostatic surface potential of the DOA substrate-binding groove is largely negative, as it is in other known SR protein kinases, suggesting that DOA substrates must be basic. ", "All differences between D. melanogaster and other Drosophila species are single amino acid changes situated in regions outside of any alpha-helices or beta-sheets, and after modeling these had absolutely no visible effect on protein structure. ", "The absence of evolved amino acid changes among 12 Drosophila species that would cause at least predictable changes in DOA structure indicate that evolution has already selected evolved mutations for having minimal effect on kinase structure." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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