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[ "Collegiate Cyber Threat Competition - Wave III\n\nSDSLabs participated in and won the 3rd Deloitte CCTC\n\nDeloitte has been organizing the Collegiate Cyber Threat Competition every year for the past 3 years. ", "SDSLabs has been fortunate enough to be the winning teamthree years in a row now. ", "Although they change the format of the competition every year and will continue to do so, their main idea is to get students and industry experts together on the same platform, and discuss and tackle challenges in cyber security. ", "Taking part in the competition is in itself an immense learning experience. ", "This post summarizes my experience at this year’s CCTC.", "\n\nRound 0\n\nSince SDSLabs has been participating in the earlier two iterations of CCTC, we were looking forward to Deloitte coming to our campus this year as well. ", "Round 0 was held at several college campuses across India in February, and involved a written quiz in teams of 3. ", "The problems ranged from web application security to networking and were fairly straightforward. ", "3 teams were shortlisted from each campus to proceed to the following rounds. ", "Our team, Legacy, consisted of Abhay Rana, Ravi Kishore and myself.", "\n\nRound 1\n\nRound 1 was an online jeopardy-style CTF. ", "There were multiple categories of problems such as SQL injection, XSS, cryptography, network analysis, etc which had difficulty-based point values. ", "We were to submit a flag obtained by solving the challenge, and the 1st two teams to solve every challenge were given bonus points. ", "Solutions to most of the challenges are given here and we had a lot of fun solving them. ", "We solved all but one challenge and were happy to be on top of the leaderboard before it was frozen, although we were later told that the final leaderboard was much closer than we expected. ", "Top 5 teams from Round 1 were invited for the grand finals held in Hyderabad on May 1-2.", "\n\nRound 2\n\nRound 2 was organized at the Hyderabad International Convention Centre. ", "We landed in Hyderabad on the evening of 1st May, checked in at the Novotel and had some time to freshen up before meeting the Deloitte team for dinner. ", "We were under the impression that the finals would take place the following morning and we would enjoy a peaceful night’s sleep. ", "They seemed to have other plans for us though. ", "After dinner, the competition was declared open, and each team was handed 2 identical laptops with 2 VMs each which we were told were known to be compromised. ", "We had all night to analyze the systems, identify the extent of compromise, the malicious files/processes, the changes (filesystem/registry) made by them, the network activity, etc. ", "and were to deliver a presentation on our findings to a panel of security experts from the industry. ", "This was for 400 points. ", "In addition, we also had to submit a STIX document to share the security threat information with our peers (in a real-world scenario), which was for 200 points.", "\n\nBoth the VMs were Windows machines. ", "We weren’t allowed to mess with the host machine, or transfer files from the VMs to the internet or external media. ", "Initially, our attention was divided over both the VMs but we were very early to figure out that one of them was a decoy (thanks to Nemo’s intuition). ", "We used a host of tools such as CurrProcess, Wireshark, RegScanner, ProcessActivityView, SmartSniffer, Malware Bytes, HijackThis, etc. ", "We kept logging our observations and steps on a shared WorkFlowy list.", "\n\nThis round was very exciting, more so because we hadn’t taken part in this kind of a challenge ever before and the whole real-world scenario of working in a Cyber Incident Response Team was very new to us. ", "Although we were far from discovering all the malicious files and processes, we did well enough in our analysis to be declared the winners and were awarded INR 120000.", "\n\nWe thoroughly enjoyed taking part in this version of CCTC. ", "Both round 1 and round 2 had brilliant challenges and we learnt a lot in the process. ", "We are looking forward to next year’s competition and we have been promised that it’ll be bigger and better." ]

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[ "Rosemary’s Baby\n\nThere’s a rare opportunity to buy a co-op apartment in The Dakota right now. ", "I know this because an ad keeps finding me online this week telling me so; I don’t know who thinks I might want to buy a $1.8 Million one-bedroom on the eighth floor of a historic building – that’s not including the “maintenance fees,” which are higher than my rent in Brooklyn – but they should check their algorithm.", "\n\nI do like history, I’ll give them that. ", "The Dakota to me isn’t about the tragedy of John Lennon, it’s about the tragedy of Rosemary Woodhouse. ", "I can relate to how congenitally nice and accommodating she is to neighbors. ", "I’m the sort of person who’d rather put a pillow over his head than tell the neighbors to quiet down.", "\n\nThe day my wife and I first saw the place we’ve called home for five years out here in South Brooklyn – not quite Sunset Park, but not exactly South Slope either: I just call it “by the cemetery” – was on a hot 4th of July. ", "We woke up and watched Rosemary’s Baby on a whim. ", "Afterwards, while no one else was searching the ads for apartments on a holiday, my wife logged on and noticed the name of a broker she’d met once before, and called him, and he said “I’m actually at the place right now, come on over.”", "\n\nRosemary wasn’t as lucky. ", "I don’t know who’s going to drop One Point Eight on a gorgeous little “starter” apartment in the Dakota this year, but if a kind old, uh, Jewish-seeming neighbor knocks on their door asking questions about their family plans, they might want to grow some boundaries." ]

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[ "\n\n\n\n\n\nDr Nicolas Labrosse, lead scientist in the study, explains: \"We found that despite how prominences and tornadoes appear in images, the magnetic field is not vertical, and the plasma mostly moves horizontally along magnetic field lines. ", "However we see tornado-like shapes in the images because of projection effects, where the line of sight information is compressed onto the plane of the sky.\"", "\n\n\n\nDr Arturo Lopez Ariste, another member of the team, adds: \"The overall effect is similar to the trail of an aeroplane in our skies: the aeroplane travels horizontally at a fixed height, but we see that the trail starts above our heads and ends up on the horizon. ", "This doesn't mean that it has crashed!\"", "\n\n\n\nGiant solar tornadoes - formally called tornado prominences - have been observed on the Sun for around a hundred years. ", "They are so called because of their striking shape and apparent resemblance to tornadoes on Earth, but that is where the comparison ends.", "\n\n\n\nWhereas terrestrial tornadoes are formed from intense winds and are very mobile, solar tornadoes are instead magnetized gas. ", "They seem to be rooted somewhere further down the solar surface, and so stay fixed in place.", "\n\n\n\n\"They are associated with the legs of solar prominences - these are beautiful concentrations of cool plasma in the very hot solar corona that can easily be seen as pink structures during total solar eclipses,\" adds Labrosse.", "\n\n\n\n\"Perhaps for once the reality is less complicated than what we see!\" ", "comments Dr Brigitte Schmieder, another scientist involved in the work.", "\n\n\n\nShe continues: \"Solar tornadoes sound scary but in fact they normally have no noticeable consequences for us. ", "However, when a tornado prominence erupts, it can cause what's known as space weather, potentially damaging power, satellite and communication networks on Earth.\" ", "Dr Nicolas Labrosse, lead scientist in the study, explains: \"We found that despite how prominences and tornadoes appear in images, the magnetic field is not vertical, and the plasma mostly moves horizontally along magnetic field lines. ", "However we see tornado-like shapes in the images because of projection effects, where the line of sight information is compressed onto the plane of the sky.", "\"Dr Arturo Lopez Ariste, another member of the team, adds: \"The overall effect is similar to the trail of an aeroplane in our skies: the aeroplane travels horizontally at a fixed height, but we see that the trail starts above our heads and ends up on the horizon. ", "This doesn't mean that it has crashed!\"Giant solar tornadoes - formally called tornado prominences - have been observed on the Sun for around a hundred years. ", "They are so called because of their striking shape and apparent resemblance to tornadoes on Earth, but that is where the comparison ends.", "Whereas terrestrial tornadoes are formed from intense winds and are very mobile, solar tornadoes are instead magnetized gas. ", "They seem to be rooted somewhere further down the solar surface, and so stay fixed in place.", "\"They are associated with the legs of solar prominences - these are beautiful concentrations of cool plasma in the very hot solar corona that can easily be seen as pink structures during total solar eclipses,\" adds Labrosse.", "\"Perhaps for once the reality is less complicated than what we see!\" ", "comments Dr Brigitte Schmieder, another scientist involved in the work.", "She continues: \"Solar tornadoes sound scary but in fact they normally have no noticeable consequences for us. ", "However, when a tornado prominence erupts, it can cause what's known as space weather, potentially damaging power, satellite and communication networks on Earth.\"", "\n\nDespite their appearance solar tornadoes are not rotating after all, according to a European team of scientists. ", "A new analysis of these gigantic structures, each one several times the size of the Earth, indicates that they may have been misnamed because scientists have so far only been able to observe them using 2-dimensional images. ", "Dr Nicolas Labrosse will present the work, carried out by researchers at the University of Glasgow, Paris Observatory, University of Toulouse, and Czech Academy of Sciences, at the European Week of Astronomy and Space Science (EWASS) in Liverpool on Friday 6 April. ", "Solar tornadoes were first observed in the early 20th century, and the term was re-popularised a few years ago when scientists looked at movies obtained by the AIA instrument on the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). ", "These show hot plasma in extreme ultraviolet light apparently rotating to form a giant structure taking the shape of a tornado (as we know them on Earth). ", "Now, using the Doppler effect to add a third dimension to their data, the scientists have been able to measure the speed of the moving plasma, as well as its direction, temperature and density. ", "Using several years' worth of observations, they were able to build up a more complete picture of the magnetic field structure that supports the plasma, in structures known as prominences." ]

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[ "Blog\n\nManaged File Transfer and Network Solutions\n\nHollywood and big data\n\nFile transfers play a crucial role in filmmaking and video production. ", "Raw footages and partially enhanced videos may have to cross vast distances to reach post-production teams or studio executives for further editing or review. ", "Unfortunately, commonly used methods of sending these big files are either too slow, atrociously tedious, or ridiculously expensive. ", "Let me share with you a better way.", "\n\nWhen are file transfers needed?", "\n\nIn filmmaking or any type of video production, you normally collaborate with several outfits to produce a single movie or video.", "\n\nOftentimes after shooting, raw footage still has to be passed on to different post-production companies for video editing, ADR, visual effects, CGI, color correction, sound effects, musical score, and so on. ", "After one team or company is done, the partially-edited file might have to be forwarded on to another who specializes in a different kind of editing.", "\n\nFor example, after the VFX team is done, they might forward their work to the music team. ", "It's possible that these people aren't based in the same location - or even in the same country, for that matter.", "\n\nThere are also times when copies of your raw footage will have to be transported even in the middle of production stage. ", "Like, if you're shooting a multi-million dollar film abroad, your producers and studio executives back in HQ will understandably want to be updated of your progress. ", "To keep them up to speed, you might have to send them dailies at the end of the day.", "\n\nLastly, if you want to distribute your content to foreign markets, you would have to transfer extremely large content to other continents.", "\n\nSadly, today's file transfer technologies cannot efficiently deliver the large media files you normally work with. ", "So how large are they?", "\n\nFilmmaking's big file transfer headache\n\nDuring post-production stage, it's possible for effects houses and other post-production outfits to move around media files tens of Gigabytes in size every day. ", "The dailies you sometimes have to share with studio executives are going to be about this size as well.", "\n\nThe media files meant for distribution? ", "They're going to be even much much larger. ", "Depending on the standard (e.g. 2K or 4K) and other parameters (e.g. framerate and color depth) used, a 1-hour uncompressed data file, can range from 0.5 to 3 Terabytes.", "\n\nLet's now see how long it would take to transfer files this big.", "\n\nPainful ways of sending media\n\nLet's start with the dailies, which are somewhere between 10 to 30 GB. ", "Let's just assume we have a 20 GB file to transfer. ", "Here are the estimated transfer times over some of the more common Internet access technologies.", "\n\nEstimated transfer time of a 20 GB file\n\nTechnologies\n\nBandwidths\n\n~Transfer times\n\nT1\n\n1.5 Mbps\n\n30 hours\n\nT3\n\n45 Mbps\n\n1 hour\n\nGigabit Ethernet\n\n1 Gbps\n\n3 minutes\n\n10 Gigabit Ethernet\n\n10 Gbps\n\n16 seconds\n\nDoes this look acceptable? ", "Only if you're making the file transfer over at least a T3 connection.", "\n\nAs for your 2K files, here's how transfers would look (assuming the file size is 1.5 terabytes) like.", "\n\nEstimated transfer time of a 1.5 terabyte file\n\nTechnologies\n\nBandwidths\n\nTransfer times\n\nT1\n\n1.5 Mbps\n\n3 months\n\nT3\n\n45 Mbps\n\n3 days\n\nGigabit Ethernet\n\n1 Gbps\n\n3 hours\n\n10 Gigabit Ethernet\n\n10 Gbps\n\n20 minutes\n\nImagine what file transfer times would be for 4K or 3D video files. ", "Well, if you're a large film studio, getting a 10 Gigabit Ethernet connection might not be a problem and can easily be justified.", "\n\nBut hold on. ", "You haven't heard the rest of the story yet.", "\n\nIncreasing your bandwidth may not be the answer\n\nThe bandwidths we indicated for each network technology are actually just their maximum capacities. ", "Once you start transmitting over large distances, the actual throughput values would be much lower than those. ", "For example, the actual throughput of a T3 line between LA, USA and Manila, Philippines would not be 45 Mbps. ", "Rather, it could be as low as 5 Mbps.", "\n\nIf you spend tens of thousands of dollars a month for your dedicated Internet line and you only get 10% of what you pay for, I don't think you'd be very happy.", "\n\nThis spectacular drop in throughput is largely due to three factors: latency, packet loss, and the nature of TCP. ", "Latency and packet loss are network conditions that are unfortunately present in any wide area network. ", "TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), on the other hand, is the network technology (or protocol) often used for transmitting data over the Internet.", "\n\nBoth HTTP, which we use to view web pages, and FTP, which we often use to transfer files, work on top of TCP. ", "The problem lies in the fact that latency and packet loss can affect TCP in a big way.", "\n\nWhile there's nothing much you can do about latency and packet loss, you certainly can do something about the protocol you use for your file transfers. ", "That's exactly what we set out to do when we started developing AFTP, a TCP/UDP hybrid that's virtually unaffected by latency and packet loss.", "\n\nYou can actually compare the difference between AFTP (accelerated file transfer protocol) and your current file transfer technology by giving AFTP a test run now. ", "Start by downloading JSCAPE MFT Server and AnyClient. ", "Both of which have free evaluation editions. ", "For recent performance test results of AFTP see Accelerated File Transfer in Action.", "\n\nInstall the managed file transfer server on one location and the client on another. ", "In order to see the benefits of AFTP make sure to use a high-speed connection (>5Mbps in both directions) that suffers from latency and or packet loss. ", "This is typical for many transcontinental, transoceanic and satellite connections. ", "For example, if you have an office abroad, you can install the server there and the client here (or the other way around). ", "Next, transfer a large movie file (maybe you can start with a few GB in size) and then observe the difference.", "\n\nDone? ", "Yeah, I can see your smile from here.", "\n\nSummary\n\nPoor network conditions can impede your post production workflow. ", "Release your movie on time with AFTP." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nComputer Science — Top User Swag!", "\n\nWe want to congratulate and thank everyone that helped this site and community grow healthily into what they are today!", "\nIf you can find your name among the top 72 users in the first two pages here, we have a surprise for you! ", "We want to send you a token of our appreciation for being among the most prolific users in this community! ", "\nXKCD 722 http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/computer_problems.png\nWe know it's not always easy to get the lights to do the pattern we want 'em to do ;) And as such, we're sending you a little box, inside which you'll find:\nA T-SHIRT!", "\n\nSTICKERS!", "\n\nA MOUSEPAD!", "\n\nI'll be reaching out to you later today with a link to a form: be sure to fill out the form as soon as you're able to do so! ", "You'll have two weeks to do it, after which I'll close the form and take care of sending all of the swag your way! ", "It should take from 6 to 8 weeks for the package to be delivered to you!", "\nIf you're not on the list, don't worry too much about it — we've got some extra swag stored we can send to you for events and such! ", "\nThanks to all of you for making this site great! ", "\n\nA:\n\nThanks! ", "received the goodies today. ", "This will impress my colleagues! ", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAbsolute positioning for nested elements\n\nMy problem relates to the following demos http://jsfiddle.net/legrass/ca22L/ and http://jsfiddle.net/legrass/eER66/2/.\nIn short, I need highlight some elements on a page (e.g., by a red border) but without touching the actual elements (to avoid affecting the original page's layout).", "\nFor that, in JS I create 'overlay' elements positioned absolutely upon the element to highlight using top, left coordinates. ", "These are appended to body and styled via CSS (see first JSFiddle).", "\nFor instance:\n<body>\n<div class='overlay'>\n<span class=\"a\" style=\"top: 14px; left: 321px; width: 200px; height: 140px;\"> </span>\n<span class=\"b\" style=\"top: 52px; left: 351px; width: 140px; height: 63px;\"> </span>\n<span class=\"c\" style=\"top: 72px; left: 400px; width: 8px; height: 16px;\"></span>\n<span class=\"c\" style=\"top: 74px; left: 420px; width: 8px; height: 16px;\"></span>\n</div>\n....\n\nThat works fine. ", "However, to allow more flexible css selectors (e.g., child), I need to build the above overlays by nesting them like:\n<body>\n<div class='overlay'>\n<span class=\"a\" style=\"top: 14px; left: 321px; width: 200px; height: 140px;\">\n <span class=\"b\" style=\"top: 52px; left: 351px; width: 140px; height: 63px;\">\n <span class=\"c\" style=\"top: 72px; left: 400px; width: 8px; height: 16px;\"></span>\n <span class=\"c\" style=\"top: 74px; left: 420px; width: 8px; height: 16px;\"></span>\n <span/>\n<span/>\n</div>\n....\n\nThe nesting can be at any depth. ", "Unfortunately now the positioning it's incorrect, (see second JSFiddle).", "\nI understand that it is because each span is now positioned absolutely but with respect to its parent, and not anymore to the single container div. ", "I have tried relative positioning but doesn't work of course.", "\nQUESTION: Is there a way to obtain the layout as in the first JSfiddle but maintaining span the hierarchy??", "\nUPDATE\nFrom the answer below, adjusting the coordinates by using offsetLeft and offsetTop really helps. ", " I compute the total offset going up the DOM and adding offsetLeft (offsetTop) until offsetParent exists. ", "\nHowever, the result is still few pixels shifted, it seems there is something else to be taken into account. ", "Any idea? ", " \nSOLVED\nAs mentioned below in the comments, it is necessary to consider also border width. ", "\n\nA:\n\nCurrently, CSS does not have a way to position element other than relative to its closest ancestor positioned relatively or absolutely. ", "But since you use JS, you can change offset (left, top) for each element according to offsets of its ancestor elements and achieve needed results.", "\nImproved version (taking borders into account) of Quirks mode function:\nfunction getCssPropertyValue(elem, prop) {\n return window.getComputedStyle\n // Modern browsers.", "\n ? ", "window.getComputedStyle(elem, null).getPropertyValue(prop)\n // IE8 and older.", "\n : elem.currentStyle.getAttribute(prop);\n}\n\nfunction findPos(obj) {\n var curleft = curtop = 0;\n\n if (!", "obj.offsetParent) {\n return;\n }\n\n do {\n curleft += obj.offsetLeft;\n curtop += obj.offsetTop;\n\n // If not Opera and not IE8 (see http://tanalin.com/en/articles/ie-version-js/ )\n // Opera and IE8 return incorrect values otherwise.", "\n if (!", "window.opera && (!", "document.all || document.addEventListener || !", "document.querySelector)) {\n var blw = parseInt(getCssPropertyValue(obj, 'border-left-width'), 10),\n btw = parseInt(getCssPropertyValue(obj, 'border-top-width'), 10);\n\n if (blw) {\n curleft += blw;\n }\n\n if (btw) {\n curtop += btw;\n }\n }\n }\n while (obj = obj.offsetParent);\n\n return [curleft, curtop];\n}\n\nUpdate: A more clear, compact, fast, precise, future-proof and bullet-proof solution is to use element.getBoundingClientRect():\nfunction getElementCoords(elem) {\n var root = document.documentElement,\n body = document.body,\n sTop = window.pageYOffset || root.scrollTop || body.scrollTop,\n sLeft = window.pageXOffset || root.scrollLeft || body.scrollLeft,\n cTop = root.clientTop || body.clientTop || 0,\n cLeft = root.clientLeft || body.clientLeft || 0,\n rect = elem.getBoundingClientRect(),\n top = Math.round(rect.top + sTop - cTop),\n left = Math.round(rect.left + sLeft - cLeft);\n\n return {\n top : top,\n left : left\n };\n}\n\nBy the way, consider using jQuery's offset() where crossbrowser inconsistencies are already worked around out-of-the-box.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Isolation and sequencing of an active-site peptide from angiotensin I-converting enzyme.", "\nA glutamic acid residue at the active-site of bovine lung angiotensin I-converting enzyme was esterified with p-[N,N-bis-(chloroethyl)amino]phenylbutyryl-L-[U-14]-Proline (chlorambucyl-L-[U-14C]-L-Proline), an affinity label for this enzyme. ", "The radiolabeled enzyme was digested with BrCN and only 1 of the 30 cleavage peptides resolved by reverse-phase HPLC contained the bound radiolabel. ", "This active-site peptide (Mr approximately 16,000) was digested with trypsin, and the labeled peptide (T-2) was further degraded with thermolysin. ", "The enzyme digest peptides were also resolved by reverse-phase HPLC. ", "Only 1 of the 5 peptides obtained after thermolysin digestion (Th-1, Mr 1290) contained the bound radiolabel. ", "Th-1 (12 residues) was subjected to manual Edman degradation and the following partial sequence was determined: H2N-Phe-Thr-Glu-Leu-Ala-Asp-Ser-Glu. ", "The radiolabel was released at cycle 3 and the amount recovered was equivalent to the amount of PTH-Glu detected on HPLC. ", "Thus, glutamic acid is esterified with chlorambucyl-L-[U-14C]-Proline which confirms our earlier findings. ", "The sequence that we determined is homologous in five residues with the corresponding sequences of carboxypeptidase A and B, two other mammalian zinc-proteases. ", "There is little sequence homology with thermolysin, a bacterial zinc-protease that also contains an essential active-site glutamic acid residue." ]

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[ "President Obama will probably not attend the U.N. conference on climate change in December because it is not a \"head of state\"\nevent, but may use his acceptance speech for the Nobel Peace Prize as a platform to address climate change issues.", "\n\nThe current thinking in the administration is that since the\nconference is not a \"head of state\" event, Obama will not attend. ", "Obama\nwill be accepting the Nobel Prize in Oslo on the second day of the\nCopenhagen conference and may use that platform to address climate\nchange issues.", "\n\nOn\nbig reason the Copenhagen conference is not a \"head of state\" event is\nbecause of the slow progress of climate change legislation in the U.S.\nSenate. ", "Absent Senate passage of a climate change bill mandating a\ncap-and-trade system, Obama will have nothing to bring to Copenhagen as\npart of a U.S.-led effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a factor\nlikely to undermine global efforts to curb those emissions.", "\n\nNegotiations with India and China on setting and enforcing carbon\npollution limits have become bogged down, complicating global efforts\nto produce a successor treaty to the Kyoto Pact the U.S. never ratified.", "\n\nYikes. ", "More asshattery from the asshat in chief.", "\n\nTrackBack\n\nTrackBack URL for this entry:http://www.typepad.com/services/trackback/6a00d8341c60bf53ef0120a677dd0c970c\n\nPresident Obama will probably not attend the U.N. conference on climate change in December because it is not a \"head of state\"\nevent, but may use his acceptance speech for the Nobel Peace Prize as a platform to address climate change issues.", "\n\nThe current thinking in the administration is that since the\nconference is not a \"head of state\" event, Obama will not attend. ", "Obama\nwill be accepting the Nobel Prize in Oslo on the second day of the\nCopenhagen conference and may use that platform to address climate\nchange issues.", "\n\nOn\nbig reason the Copenhagen conference is not a \"head of state\" event is\nbecause of the slow progress of climate change legislation in the U.S.\nSenate. ", "Absent Senate passage of a climate change bill mandating a\ncap-and-trade system, Obama will have nothing to bring to Copenhagen as\npart of a U.S.-led effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a factor\nlikely to undermine global efforts to curb those emissions.", "\n\nNegotiations with India and China on setting and enforcing carbon\npollution limits have become bogged down, complicating global efforts\nto produce a successor treaty to the Kyoto Pact the U.S. never ratified." ]

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[ "We are a London based consultancy providing data analysis and statistical services for businesses, scientists, and students.", "\n\nTraining is provided by Dr. Ben Veal, a fellow of the Royal Statistical Society and graduate of the London School of Economics(see here for proof). ", "Dr. Veal has over 10 years consulting and teaching experience, having taught at Cambridge, LSE and Kings College London.", "Trained in pure mathematics, statistics & machine learning, Dr. Veal has a good understanding of both theory and practice." ]

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[ "William Hendricks\n\nWilliam Hendricks (November 12, 1782 – May 16, 1850) was a Democratic-Republican member of the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1822, the third Governor of Indiana from 1822 to 1825, and an Anti-Jacksonian member of the U.S. Senate from 1825 to 1837. ", "He led much of his family into politics and founded one of the largest political families in Indiana. ", "He was the uncle of Thomas Andrews Hendricks, who was also Governor of Indiana and Vice President of the United States. ", "Hendricks County was named in his honor. ", "His term as governor was spent repairing the state's finances to later enable large scale internal improvements. ", "The establishment of the basic framework of the state's public school system and the transfer of the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis also occurred during his term.", "\n\nEarly life\n\nFamily and background\nHendricks was born in Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania on November 12, 1782, the son of Abraham and Ann Jamison Hendricks. ", "His father was a prominent man in the community and a state legislator. ", "He was the brother of Thomas Hendricks and John Hendricks, the uncle of Vice President Thomas Andrews Hendricks, and the father of William Hendricks Jr.\n\nHe attended a common school in Ligonier Valley where he was a classmate of Jonathan Jennings and William W. Wick, who later became his close political allies. ", "After completion of the lower grades Hendricks attended Jefferson College (now Washington & Jefferson College) until 1810. ", "After completing college he moved west to Ohio where his older brother Obadiah operated a law practice, and briefly lived in his home. ", "He studied law with him a short time and was admitted to the bar. ", "From 1810 to 1812 he made a living as a school teacher while he studied law in Cincinnati and lived in the home of his sister, Ann. ", "He remained there until he was admitted to the bar.", "\n\nMove to Indiana Territory\n\nAfter 1813 he moved to Madison in the Indiana Territory. ", "Madison remained his home for the rest of his life. ", "During his early days in there, he set up a printing press he brought with him from Cincinnati, and became the proprietor of the Western Eagle, the second newspaper to be printed in the territory. ", "His paper and the positions he supported helped him to quickly gain popularity in the local community. ", "The anti-slavery eastern part of the territory was at that time locked in a struggle with the pro-slavery western party for control of the territorial government. ", "The Western Eagle combated the pro-slavery Vincennes Sun, and garnered considerable support from the eastern settlers. ", "He later used his printing press to print the first codification of Indiana state laws during his term as governor.", "\n\nHendricks married Ann Parker Paul of Hardin County, Kentucky. ", "She was the daughter of Colonel John Paul, who was the founder of Madison. ", "The couple had nine children. ", "William Hendricks Jr became a state legislator. ", "Two sons were killed during the American Civil War and two other children died in infancy. ", "Ann outlived her husband by some thirty-seven years, and died at Madison on September 12, 1887.", "\n\nPublic office\n\nTerritorial legislator\nIn February 1813 Hendricks was elected clerk of the territorial legislature in Vincennes. ", " In May the capital was moved to Corydon following the outbreak of the War of 1812 and the reorganization of the territory. ", "The legislature, which was then dominated by the anti-slavery and pro-statehood faction, appointed Hendricks as printer and charged with publishing the assembly's records. ", "The following year he was elected as a representative of Jefferson County, of which Madison was the county seat. ", "In the legislature he fell into party with speaker Dennis Pennington and the anti-slavery faction. ", "In 1814 Hendricks was chosen to succeed Pennington and became speaker of the legislative assembly. ", "The same year he opened his own law practice and stopped printing his newspaper for lack of time for the enterprise. ", "He received several lucrative positions from the territorial government, including being appointed prosecutor of several eastern counties. ", "He was also appointed by President James Madison as U.S. Attorney for the entire territory.", "\n\nIn 1816 he attended the state Constitutional Convention held in Corydon as an unofficial delegate. ", "Although only two years since he entered the territory, he had become so well known and popularized that he served as the convention's secretary. ", "He was again in party with Jonathan Jennings, Dennis Pennington, and others seeking to institute a constitutional ban on slavery. ", "His actions at the convention further strengthened his reputation for business aptitude and political skills.", "\n\nCongressman\nJennings was elected Governor of Indiana in the first election leaving his congressional seat vacant. ", "That same year Hendricks was elected as the only Indiana representative, defeating former territorial governor Thomas Posey. ", "His election occurred shortly before Indiana's statehood had been approved by Congress and there was a brief debate about the legality of seating him when he arrived in Washington D.C., but the situation was resolved in his favor. ", "He served in the 14th Congress, succeeding Jennings. ", "Hendricks was reelected three times, serving from December 11, 1816, until the 17th Congress when he resigned July 25, 1822. ", "In Congress he was a member of the Select Committee on Roads and Canals. ", "He supported legislation to fund the construction of the National Road, which would connect Indiana with the eastern states. ", "He also supported several measures to fund other minor road and canal projects, but was unsuccessful. ", "He was a proponent of rapidly granting statehood to the western states, and delivered several speeches urging the statehood of Illinois and Missouri. ", "In his final reelection bid, he won by a margin of ten to one, and was recognized as one of the most popular political figures in the state.", "\n\nGovernor\n\nIn 1822 Hendricks ran unopposed for the position of Governor of Indiana and succeeded Jonathan Jennings; Jennings in turn succeeded Hendricks in his congressional seat. ", "Hendricks won 100% of the 18,340 votes, the only governor in Indiana history to win by that margin. ", "He assumed the office on December 5, 1822. ", "While governor he occupied the Governor's Headquarters in Corydon, which he purchased from Davis Floyd. ", "He served as governor from 1822 until 1825. ", "He was the last governor to serve while the capital remained in Corydon.", "\n\nWhen he came to office, the state was still in a poor financial condition because the state's bank failures caused by the Panic of 1819 and the ensuing collapse of the modest internal improvement programs. ", "The state's bonds had been depreciated in 1821 and severely hurt the state's credit and ability to borrow funds. ", "The state budget was still in deficit, and the state's sparse population was producing very little revenue. ", "The situation was resolved by selling public land to raise money to pay off a significant portion of the outstanding debt, and government accounts were moved to the Second Bank of the United States since there were no banks operating in Indiana.", "\n\nThe foundation of state's school system—the first state-funded system in the nation—also began to be laid during Hendricks's administration. ", "During his tenure as governor each township was granted land on which a public school could be established. ", "The value of these improvements totaled over $1.25 million, making it the highest dollar item on the budget to that date. ", "Construction of the State Seminary, later to become Indiana University, also began during his term. ", "Hendricks also contributed personally to Hanover College. ", "As the state's finances would not allow the large-scale improvements Hendricks envisioned, he focused efforts on creating critical routes and approved legislation that required state residents to spend allotted amounts of time helping to build the state roads. ", "Existing roads and rivers were improved by clearing obstacles.", "\n\nHendricks codified Indiana's laws for the first time in 1822, creating the Indiana Code. ", "In 1824 a Seneca family was murdered by a group of men near Pendleton, Indiana, and tension between the natives in northern Indiana and the settlements in central Indiana moved quickly toward conflict. ", "Governor Hendricks, hoping to maintain peace and enforce justice for the tribe, ordered the murderers to be captured and tried. ", "While one of the murderers escaped, the others where captured and all were sentenced to death. ", "One of the murderers was a minor and was later pardoned by Governor James B. Ray. ", "Governor Hendricks had denied his appeal for clemency and used the execution to show the natives his goodwill. ", "This was the first time a white man was executed for killing a Native American in the United States.", "\n\nOne of his final acts as governor was to approve a move of the capitol from Corydon to Indianapolis. ", "There had been an intense debate to keep the capitol in the south where almost all of the state's population resided. ", "Indianapolis was north of the nearest settlement and on the edge of the frontier. ", "Despite considerable pressure, Hendricks signed the measure in late 1824.", "\n\nSenator\n\nOn February 14, 1825, Hendricks resigned his position as Governor to become a United States Senator after being elected to that position by the legislature, defeating Chief Justice Isaac Blackford. ", "Lieutenant Governor Ratliff Boon had resigned earlier and the governorship devolved to James B. Ray, the Senate president pro tempore. ", "Back in Congress in 1825, Hendricks was an Anti-Jacksonian, supporting federal funding for western internal improvements. ", "He chaired the committee on roads and canals from 1831 until 1837 and joined fellow Indiana congressman Ratliff Boon in support of federal funding for the Wabash and Erie Canal in the Senate. ", "He failed in his attempt to be reelected to his seat in the Senate in 1836. ", "He served in the Senate from March 4, 1825, to March 3, 1837 after having lost the election in 1836 to Whig Oliver H. Smith. ", "Hendricks also served as a trustee on the Indiana University Board from 1829 to 1840.", "\n\nLater life\n\nHaving served in public office for twenty-nine years continually, Hendricks returned to private life in Madison in 1839.", "\n\nDuring his life he had gathered a large estate which he returned to manage and to also practice law. ", "Being a large landholder in the Madison area, he built many homes and leased them to individuals. ", "In his later years he was criticized for not wanting to sell them, and was accused of behaving in an aristocratic fashion in that regard.", "\n\nOn May 16, 1850, while he was overseeing the construction of his family vault, he suddenly became ill. ", "He died the same day and was buried in the Fairmount Cemetery.", "\n\nIn his obituary the Indiana Gazetteer said: \"Governor Hendricks was for many years by far the most popular man in the State. ", "He had been its sole representative in Congress for six years, elected on each occasion by large majorities, and no member of that body, probably, was more attentive to the interests of the State he represented, or more industrious in arranging all the private or local business entrusted to him. ", "He left no letter unanswered, no public office or document did he fail to visit or examine on request; with personal manners very engaging, he long retained his popularity.\"", "\n\nSee also\n\nList of Governors of Indiana\n\nReferences\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\nExternal links\nIndiana Historical Bureau: Biography of William Hendricks\nBiographical Directory of the United States Congress: William Hendricks\nWestern Eagle listing in the Library of Congress\nWilliam Hendricks at Findagrave\n\nCategory:Governors of Indiana\nCategory:1782 births\nCategory:1850 deaths\nCategory:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Indiana\nCategory:Washington & Jefferson College alumni\nCategory:United States senators from Indiana\nCategory:People from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania\nCategory:Members of the Indiana Territorial Legislature\nCategory:Indiana Territory officials\nCategory:United States Attorneys for the District of Indiana\nCategory:People from Jefferson County, Indiana\nCategory:Indiana Democratic-Republicans\nCategory:Indiana Whigs\nCategory:Delegates to the 1816 Indiana constitutional convention\nCategory:Indiana National Republicans\nCategory:National Republican Party United States senators\nCategory:Democratic-Republican Party state governors of the United States\nCategory:Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives\nCategory:19th-century American politicians" ]

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[ "If this is your first visit, be sure to\ncheck out the FAQ by clicking the\nlink above. ", "You may have to register\nbefore you can post: click the register link above to proceed. ", "To start viewing messages,\nselect the forum that you want to visit from the selection below.", "\n\nHells Angel's Sketchbook(contains nudity)\n\nTaking a break from my illustrations for now and its been a while since i've brushed, so figured it was a good time to start a sketchbook and do some quick doodles\nThese are some doodles of characters born in pencil in my sketchbook. ", "Really wanted to see what they would look like in 3d. ", "I didnt spend anytime detailing any of these....just quick strokes with the clay tubes brush to loosen up the hand and mind\n\nThose who have been to my sketchblog might find this one familiar, and those who frequent my blog might notice that this is my first female sculpt in ZB!..Yayyy!!", "\nTried to keep this one inside 10 hours so I did overlook a couple of areas that I now see that I can work on. ", "Proportions were not meant to be realistic.", "Now when I think about it,probably should have given her some kinda expression.", "\nNuthin much to say on the subject apart from the fact that this was fun!" ]

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[ "A young author with a “photographic memory” writes of learning to use an AK-47\n\nA Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier. ", "Farrar, Straus and Giroux/Sarah Crichton, 229 pp., ", "$22.", "\n\nBy Janice Harayda\n\nAt the age of 13, Ishmael Beah practiced for combat in his native Sierra Leone by “stabbing the banana trees with bayonets.” ", "He had fled into the bush months earlier, carrying a few cassettes by LL Cool J and other rappers, when rebel forces attacked village and scattered his family.", "\n\nBeah stayed on the run, near starvation, until captured by government soldiers who promised that if he joined the army, he would have food and a chance to avenge the loss of parents. ", "Afraid he would be shot if he refused, he became part of a squad of boys between the ages of 7 and 16 who learned to use AK-47s and other weapons against the rebels who were still terrorizing the countryside. ", "He also became addicted to the marijuana, cocaine mixed with gunpowder, and “white tablets” – presumably amphetamines – that the army gave young conscripts to ease their fears and keep them awake on patrol. ", "For more than two years, he says, killing was “a daily activity” that he describes in chilling detail in A Long Way Gone. ", "Then one day United Nations workers showed up – as unexpectedly as rebels had attacked his old village — and demanded that the army release some of boys, including Beah, who made his way to Guinea and from there to New York.", "\n\nThese experiences make for a story that, if gripping, is at times hard to believe, and not just because the killings it describes are so savage. ", "Now 26 years old, Beah could not have taken many notes as a soldier, because their discovery could have led to his death. ", "Instead, he implies, he relied his “photographic memory” in telling his story. ", "But you wonder if that memory might have been impaired by near-starvation or the chronic use of drugs, an issue that A Long Way Gone doesn’t address. ", "And some of the events seem implausible regardless. ", "In one scene Beah tells how he and several friends “lay in the dirt” on a coffee farm near a ruined village and eavesdropped on rebels who played cards and chatted “for hours.” ", "He says he heard one rebel say that his group had just burned three villages:\n\n“Another rebel, the only one dressed in full army gear, agreed with him. ‘", "Yes, three is impressive, in just a few hours in the afternoon.’ ", "He paused, playing with the side of his G3 weapon. ‘", "I especially enjoyed burning this village. ", "We caught everyone here. ", "No one escaped. ", "That is how good it was. ", "We carried out the command and executed everyone. ", "Commander will be pleased when he gets here.’ ", "He nodded, looking at the rest of the rebels, who had stopped the game to listen to him. ", "They all agreed with him, nodding their heads. ", "They gave each other high fives and resumed their game.”", "\n\nIf Beah and his friends were close enough to hear that conversation, how did the rebels avoid hearing them “for hours”? ", "If the boys could see a rebel “nod,” and others “nodding” in agreement, how could the rebels not see them? ", "It appears that they could have avoided notice only by hiding behind bushes dense enough that neither group could see, or hear, the other.", "\n\nBeah has described some of his wartime experiences at a United Nations conference and in other settings likely to have included experts who could have challenged aspects of his story that didn’t ring true. ", "Even so, the tragic abuse of child soldiers is so important – and has received so little attention – that you wish he had made an airtight case for believing all that he has to say about it.", "\n\nBest line: Beah writes his first visit to Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone: “I was amazed at how many lights there were without the sound of a generator.”", "\n\nWorst line: The scene at the coffee farm, described above, is one of a number that make you question the accuracy of some of Beah’s recollections.", "\n\nEditor: Sarah Crichton\n\nPublished: February 2007\n\nFurthermore: On Feb. 15, A Long Way Gone replaced Mitch Albom’s For One More Day as the only book sold at Starbucks coffee shops in the United States.", "\n\nReading group guides: The site for Farrar, Straus www.fsgbooks.com has a reading group guide. ", "An additional reading group guide to A Long Way Gone was posted on One-Minute Book Reviews on March 5. ", "This unauthorized guide covers questions that do not appear in the official FSG guide. ", "It is archived with the March posts and also in the Totally Unauthorized Reading Group Guides category.", "\n\nShare this:\n\nLike this:\n\nRelated\n\n“Beasts of No Nation” by Uzodinma Iweala. ", "A boy is forced to join a group of guerilla fighters in an unnamed African country and does what he can to survive. ", "Africa’s my birthplace and so I love African literature.", "\n\nCan you tell us anything more about this one? ", "For example, is it fiction or nonfiction? ", "And how good is the writing? ", "I suspect that a lot of reading groups are going to read “A Long Way Gone” and might be interested in knowing about similar books they could read on the topic. ", "Book club members who visit this site looking for information about Beah might appreciate knowing more about Iweala.", "\n\nIweala, who lived part of his life in Nigeria and attended Harvard University, wrote the book as his senior thesis after reading about child soldiers from Sierra Leone. ", "His mother is Nigeria’s minister of finance. ", "It is his debut novel he was 23 when it was published in 2005.", "\n\nThe book is fiction. ", "It has received considerable critical acclaim from sources like Time Magazine, The New York Times, Entertainment Weekly, The Times, and Rolling Stone. ", "Metacritic ranked the book #2 on its “Best of 2005″ books list. ", "The writing is sheer brilliance – especially for a debut novel.", "\n\nExcerpts from an article:\n\nIt has been described as “brilliant,” “astonishing,” “riveting,” “extraordinary,” “searing,” “electrifying” and “powerful.” ", "Salman Rushdie wrote, “It’s one of those rare occasions when you see a first novel and you think, ‘This guy is going to be very, very good.'”", "\n\nWriter Jamaica Kincaid, who was Iweala’s thesis adviser, gave the work to her agent, who showed it to HarperCollins executive editor Tim Duggan.", "\n\n“It was unlike anything I’d read before,” said Duggan, who will edit Iweala’s next two books. “", "The diction, voice and writing style were very unique. ", "It was an emotionally heart-pounding story. ", "It made me look at things that were happening in Africa in a different way.", "\n\n“I think he’s going to be one of the best literary writers this country has. ", "In each book, I think he will break new ground in terms of style and voice. ", "He’s a rare talent and he has great range and versatility. ", "I think whatever he does is going to be unusual and fascinating. ", "I want to be there to help cultivate him in his career as a writer.”", "\n\nhowever searing,electrifying and astonishing the stories- there were still diamonds being worn on the red carpet for the Oscars.", "\nPerhaps we just need more accounts of life in Sierra Leone for it to become real" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to retrieve more than 100 videos?", "\n\nI am trying to get the uploaded videos of a user but it seems that it is not possible to retrieve more than 1000 videos although more were uploaded.", "\nAn example would be this user where \nhttps://api.dailymotion.com/user/Zoomin_Deutschland?fields=videos_total returns\n{\n \"videos_total\": 2067\n}\n\nWith a query like\nhttps://api.dailymotion.com/user/Zoomin_Deutschland/videos?limit=100&page=9\nit still works starting with:\n{\"page\":9,\"limit\":100,\"explicit\":false,\"has_more\":true,\"list\":[{ <...>\n\nOn page 10 it gets interesting because it states that there are no more results to fetch:\n{\"page\":10,\"limit\":100,\"explicit\":false,\"has_more\":false,\"list\":[{ <...>\n\nOn page 11 no results are returned:\n{\"page\":11,\"limit\":100,\"explicit\":false,\"total\":0,\"has_more\":false,\"list\":[]}\n\nHow is it possible to retrieve information about the remaining videos?", "\n\nA:\n\nAlthough not documented, it's possible DailyMotion has a soft search limit of 1000 items (YouTube's soft limit is 500).", "\nTo get all videos, you can loop requests using the created_after and created_before filters going back every month or year at a time (assuming each request is < 1000 items) in order to get them all.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "A filler installation generally comprises a stationary structure having a platform pivotally mounted thereon and carrying both filler spouts and receptacle supports vertically beneath the filler spouts. ", "While a receptacle is being filled with a viscous substance, when the viscous substance starts to flow, an accumulation of substance in the form of a bulb tends to form at the outlet of the filler spout, the bulb presenting transverse dimensions that are often greater than those of the neck of the receptacle. ", "There is thus a risk of the substance flowing over the outside the receptacle.", "\nTo remedy that drawback, installations for filling by volume are known in which the support members are movable relative to the filler spout between a high position for filling in which the filler spouts are engaged in the receptacles, and a low position for on-loading and off-loading the receptacles, in which the filler spouts are disengaged from the receptacles. ", "The support members are moved between the high and low positions and they are held in said positions by a cam that is secured to the stationary structure.", "\nNevertheless, that solution is not suitable in installations for filling by weight in which the support members form parts of weighing devices and are connected to weighing members. ", "The support members must transfer to the weighing member the forces that are exerted on them by the receptacles while they are being filled. ", "In order to perform this function, the support members must not be locked in position as in installations for filling by volume, where it is the cam that supports the force exerted on the support member by the receptacle." ]

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[ "Hybrids – Vehicles, Battery & Hydraulic Technology\n\nU.S. Hybrid Sales Down 44 Percent in March\n\nApril 7, 2009\n• by Staff\n\nWASHINGTON – U.S. sales of hybrids in March 2009 dropped 44 percent by volume year-on-year to 21,433 units — worse than the total light-duty vehicle market, which posted a 36.8-percent drop by volume for the month compared to March 2008, based on data reported by the Green Car Congress.", "\n\nThe results represented a 2.5 percent new-vehicle market share for hybrids in March — down from 2.82 percent in March 2008, but the highest mark so far in 2009. ", "The month also saw the debut of three new hybrids — the Honda Insight, Ford Fusion, and Mercury Milan — on sale toward the end of the month.", "\n\nToyota reported a drop of 56.8 percent for the Prius, down to 8,924 units. ", "The Camry Hybrid sold 2,554 units, down 63.1 percent, and representing 9.9 percent of all Camry sales. ", "The Highlander Hybrid sold 1,307 units, down 53.7 percent, and representing 19.2 percent of all Highlanders sold. ", "Conventional Camry sales were down 31 percent, while conventional Highlander sales were down 49 percent.", "\n\nThe Lexus RX 400h sold 1,165 units, a drop of 25.8 percent, representing 18.9 percent of all RX sales. ", "Conventional RX model sales were down 19 percent. ", "The GS 450h sold 42 units, a drop of 35.4 percent, representing 6.7 percent of all GS sales. ", "Conventional GS sales were down 64 percent. ", "The LS 600h L sold 25 units, down 78 percent, for 2.9 percent of all LS model sales. ", "Conventional LS model sales were down 59 percent.", "\n\nThe Honda Insight, on sale only during part of the month, sold 569 units. ", "The Civic Hybrid sold 2,869 units, down 23.9 percent, and representing 13.9 percent of all Civics sold. ", "Conventional Civic sales were down 54 percent.", "\n\nIn a partial month debut, the Fusion and Milan hybrids sold a combined 451 units, representing 3.0 percent of all Fusion and Milan models sold. ", "The Escape and Mariner hybrids sold a combined 1,351 units, down 32.7 percent, for 9.3 percent of all Escape and Mariner models sold during the month. ", "Conventional model sales of the two were down 12 percent.", "\n\nGeneral Motors reported a total of 1,612 hybrids in March, comprised of 609 units of the Tahoe, Yukon, and Escalade two-mode SUVs, or 7.3 percent of total sales; 68 units of the Silverado and Sierra two-mode pickups, for 0.22 percent of total sales; 362 Saturn Vue Hybrids, for 10.4 percent of total sales; 547 Malibu Hybrids, for 3.7 percent of total sales; and 26 units of the Saturn Aura Hybrid, for 1.3 percent of total sales.", "\n\nNissan sold 834 units of the Altima Hybrid, which is available in only eight states, a 0.2 percent increase from March 2008, and representing 4.3 percent of total Altima sales. ", "Sales of the conventional Altima were down 39 percent.", "\n\nAbout 95% of Mazda vehicles sold in 2030 will be powered by some form of electrification, and the company will also revive its rotary engine for use as a range-extender for one of two planned battery-electric vehicles, according to the automaker.", "\n\nFord will produce a gasoline-electric hybrid F-150 pickup at its Ford River Rouge Complex in Dearborn, Mich. within two years, the company announced during a celebration at the plant commemorating 100 years of building vehicles." ]

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[ "Committees in Idaho and Texas look in ways to expand care for low-income residents.", "\n\nThe governor got tasked the panel to judge the best healthcare coverage choice for low-income adults . ", "The Spokesman Review: Otter's Work Group Backs Accepting Medicaid Expansion Funds A lot more than 100,000 uninsured Idahoans would qualify for health coverage and state and neighborhood taxpayers would conserve $44 million in 2016, under an idea for accepting expanded federal Medicaid funds approved by an operating group appointed by Gov. Butch Otter on Thursday. ", "The group's proposal, approved on a 10-3 vote, is a recommendation to Otter, who will decide what to propose to state lawmakers in January.", "With unique training, a doggie can alert when its owner’s blood glucose drops dangerously low. ", "In this case, Kiko required no schooling. ", "Good dog! ", "For more on the whole story, discover this CNN video.", "\n\nBehavioral intervention program can reduce incidence of HIV, STIs among feminine sex workers: Researchers A team of experts from the University of California NORTH PARK and Mexico has discovered that a good modest behavioral intervention plan averaging just 35 mins can measurably decrease the incidence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among female sex employees in the U.S.-Mexico border region – and that this program succeeds at small expense comparatively." ]

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[ "A group of New York gastroenterologists are trying to unlock the mysteries of the microbiome, but first they need your poop.", "\n\nBacteria vastly outnumber human cells in your body, but medical science has only just begun to understand how they behave and how we might harness their power to treat diseases.", "\n\nDr. Arun Swaminath, the director of Lenox Hill Hospital's Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, is one of a group of seven physicians across the city who are studying patients with inflammatory bowel disease to learn more about the ecosystems of the gut. \"", "It's new and hot right now to talk about bacteria,\" Dr. Swaminath says.", "\n\n\"Basically, we're all sterile in the womb, and then we get colonized by our mother’s bacteria. ", "As we get older, the bacteria change. ", "There are trillions of bacterial cells per cubic centimeter in the large intestine; bacteria in our gut play a role, we're just trying to elucidate what kind of role they play.\"", "\n\nDr. Swaminath's patients with Crohn's disease are sometimes treated with antibiotics. \"", "Once I stop the antibiotics, within two weeks, the toehold bacteria are back. ", "So I briefly interrupted the bacteria, but for three months, the patient feels much better.\" ", "Dr. Swaminath says, \"We don't know exactly what's happening here.\"", "\n\nThe longitudinal study involves more than 25 patients across several New York City academic medical centers. \"", "We're all just regular doctors, and we see patients, and that's our full-time job,\" Dr. Swaminath says of the other doctors in the study. ", "All of them are participating on their own time.", "\n\n\"We all sat down at my kitchen table and talked about the things we were passionate about, not just ways to prescribe certain therapies, but how to get people to figure out what the right treatment is.\"", "\n\nDr. Julian Abrams, a gastroenterologist at Columbia, says that Dr. Swaminath's research is coming at a crucial moment. \"", "Now that we have the technology and the computing speed has progressed exponentially over the last ten to fifteen years, all of a sudden we're able to look at the microbiome and we're finding all these amazing things going on.", "\n\n\"We know bacteria are important in terms of whether or not you get certain diseases and how these diseases behave once you have them, but to really understand this we need to understand what's normal,\" says Dr. Abrams, who is unaffiliated with the study.", "\n\n\"No one knows what a good, healthy microbiome really looks like, and to do so you need the help of otherwise healthy volunteers.\"", "\n\nBut procuring fresh poop isn't as easy. \"", "There's no way to go online and say, 'I need stool from 100 healthy people to do research on this thing,'\" Dr. Swaminath laughs. \"", "It's an exciting time, people are taking probiotics, they're going to health coaches, and all that is nice, but we're trying to determine what it is you can do that will actually matter, and what you can use specifically to make you healthier.\"", "\n\nDonating your stool to science is easy. ", "If you're healthy, interested, (and not taking any medication), send an email to poopvolunteers@gmail.com.", "\n\nDr. Swaminath adds, \"If you want to help us push this field forward, how about donating some of your stool?\"" ]

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[ "VIENTIANE PROVINCE, Laos — They call themselves America’s forgotten soldiers.", "\n\nFour decades after the Central Intelligence Agency hired thousands of jungle warriors to fight Communists on the western fringes of the Vietnam War, men who say they are veterans of that covert operation are isolated, hungry and periodically hunted by a Laotian Communist government still mistrustful of the men who sided with America.", "\n\n“If I surrender, I will be punished,” said Xang Yang, a wiry 58-year-old still capable of crawling nimbly through thick bamboo underbrush. “", "They will never forgive me. ", "I cannot live outside the jungle because I am a former American soldier.”", "\n\nIn a small hillside clearing about nine miles east of the Mekong River, Mr. Yang and four other veterans scratch out a primitive existence with their wives and 50 children and grandchildren. ", "Their hidden jungle encampment is a 15-hour walk up and down low-lying mountains from the nearest paved road, across streams that are knee-deep in the dry season but can become roaring torrents when the monsoon comes.", "\n\nMr. Yang said his group had been attacked by the Laotian Army twice this year. ", "In September, soldiers killed a 5-year-old boy, whose grave is on the outskirts of the camp. ", "In May, a predawn raid killed a woman and her 2-year-old child. ", "The group moves camp every few weeks to avoid attack, he said." ]

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[ "Friday, March 6, 2009\n\nWe wondered what Miss Peggy would do now that so many of her cocktail party cohorts have expressed disappointment and more at President Obama's dreadful first six weeks in office. ", "Taking a maudlin detour through a tragedy that bears not at all upon her unvarnished, at times cringe-inducing, prose about Obama, Ms. Noonan can only spare the last fifth of her column today in which to address directly the state of The One. ", "This is as tough as she gets: \"President Obama himself contributes to an atmosphere of fear grown to panic as he takes a historic crisis and turns it into what he imagines is a grand opportunity for sweeping change.\"", "\n\nMoDo was much tougher and she doesn't claim to be either a conservative or a Republican. ", "Peggy's schtick is tired and stale and to at least one of us here at MC she remains dead. ", "Wake us if she rediscovers her political principles." ]

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[ "Tuesday, July 2, 2013\n\nFifty Shades of Cheese\n\nI have a guilty secret that I desperately need to share. ", "When I was twenty-two years old, newly married and living in Carmen, Manitoba, I developed a peculiar addiction. ", "Like most people with a secret life, I was finally found out by none other than my husband. ", "I tried to draw him into my utterly compelling fantasy world, but he wasn't having any part of it. ", "He said that he had better things to do on a Saturday night than THAT.", "\n\nSure, I felt a little humiliated by his words and attitude, but mostly, it was his barely hidden contempt for my secret passion. ", "Still, I couldn't give it up. ", "The Lawrence Welk Show (LWS) would continue to be part of my Saturday evening.", "\n\nLet me explain my fascination with it, dear reader. ", "Because I can picture you right now, a wrinkle in your forehead drawing your eyes closer together as you frown in disbelief. ", "Not Judy, you're thinking, or possibly gasping aloud. ", "She's a little eccentric, but not crazy! ", "I'll plead my case and see if I can win you over.", "\n\nIn the middle seventies, young men still wore their hair longish, and women too. ", "Perms were coming back into fashion, as were longer skirts. ", "But nothing happening in the current world could explain the 50's hairstyles or clothing of the men and women on the LWS. ", "They sang folk songs and dumbed down pop music (and that's saying something) and occasionally introduced a little latin number or two. ", "They had a young black performer who, it appeared, was only allowed to tap dance. ", "There was a Puerto Rican couple who sang together, and a guy who played the accordion every week. ", "The Lennon sisters would harmonize beautifully and Lawrence Welk himself, Mr. Champagne music, would lead the orchestra while lovely ladies and gentlemen in pastel colours waltzed gracefully around the dance floor.", "\n\nIt took me a few weeks to realize that Saturday Night Live did not have an early show on PBS that they used solely for mocking old people. ", "And still I was charmed. ", "Yes, Dear reader, I am a Lawrence Welk addict. ", "And proud of it.", "\n\nIt's the very definition of cheese, possibly the velveeta type. ", "But I'm comfortable with that. ", "I like a wide variety of music, and over the years I've sung \"This Diamond Ring\" with Gerry Lewis, cried to Bobby Goldsboro's \"Honey,\" (possibly the sappiest song ever written) and had my thirteen year old heart shredded by Gary Puckett and the Union Gap singing 'Young Girl.' ", "Or, as my children like to call it, \"The Perv Song.\" ", "They purposefully misunderstand the innocent lyrics.", "\n\n\"Young girl, get out of my mind, my love for you is way out of line, better run girl, your much too young, girl.\"", "\n\nIt's not about THAT, I said, but they refused to believe me. ", "Help me, Gary Puckett. ", "Because I'm still a big fan of yours, too.", "\n\nWe all have our dark little secrets. ", "Music that we love, but never admit to owning, or television shows that we won't confess to viewing. ", "I, for instance, wouldn't be caught dead watching Jersey Shore, because it just makes me sad. ", "But if it floats your boat, go with it. ", "There are many shades and types of cheese out there, and that's a good thing. ", "Feel free to share your favorite flavour with me." ]

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[ "WASHINGTON — The share of American women on birth control who use long-acting reversible methods like intrauterine devices and implants has nearly doubled in recent years, the federal government reported Tuesday.", "\n\nThe share of women on birth control who use the devices rose to 11.6 percent in the period from 2011 to 2013, up from 6 percent in 2006 to 2010, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. ", "The share is still smaller than for the pill (26 percent) or condoms (15 percent), but it is the fastest-growing method. ", "In 2002, just 2.4 percent of women on birth control in the United States used the long-acting methods.", "\n\nWomen’s health advocates say long-acting birth control is giving American women more say over when — and with whom — they have children. ", "About half of the 6.6 million pregnancies a year in the United States are unintended, and health experts contend that broader use of long-acting methods could help reduce that number, because the methods work better than other types.", "\n\nThe methods are effective because, unlike the pill, a diaphragm or condoms, they do not require a woman to take action to work. ", "Although an early incarnation, the Dalkon Shield, introduced in the 1970s, had disastrous results, the modern devices are safe and have been increasingly promoted by doctors. ", "Last fall, the American Academy of Pediatrics published guidelines that for the first time singled them out as a “first-line” birth control option for adolescents, citing their “efficacy, safety and ease of use.”" ]

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[ "Anti-Pr cold hemagglutination associated with livedo reticularis.", "\nA report of anti-Pr cold hemagglutination associated with livedo reticularis is presented. ", "Livedo reticularis is descriptive of the superficial venous system appearing when blood flow is altered in this area. ", "Cold antibody directed against the Pr antigen of the red cell membrane can cause hemagglutination, thereby altering blood flow in cooler areas of the body. ", "This patient had livedo reticularis approximately 8 months prior to detection of the anti-Pr cold agglutinin." ]

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[ "Introduction {#s001}\n============\n\nA[lmost four decades ago]{.smallcaps}, p53 was identified and ever since has remained at the core of cancer research. ", "As a crucial protein in multicellular organisms, it is described as a \"cellular gatekeeper\" or \"guardian of the genome\" because of the prominent role it plays in preserving genomic stability \\[[@B1]\\]. ", "p53, which is encoded by the *tp53* gene, is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, ferroptosis, DNA repair, metabolism, angiogenesis, and autophagy \\[[@B4],[@B5]\\].", "\n\nFunctionally, p53 is a transcription factor that elicits its cellular functions mostly through transcriptional activation of target genes. ", "Besides its primary function as a transcription factor, p53 can also promote apoptosis through direct interaction with proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins \\[[@B6]\\].", "\n\nThe activity of p53 is always under tight control, which ensures that it is not overly abundant in nonstressed cells. ", "Apart from all the activities it plays in adult somatic cells, p53 seems to be involved in the self-renewal of embryonic stem (ES) cells and other adult stem cells, as well as in the onset of differentiation \\[[@B7]\\]. ", "In adult stem cells like neural or hematopoietic stem cells, p53 negatively regulates proliferation and self-renewal, and helps to maintain their quiescent state \\[[@B8],[@B9]\\].", "\n\nHuman amniotic fluid cells, ordinarily discarded as medical waste, present potentially a novel source for therapeutically used stem cells. ", "These human amniotic fluid stem (hAFS) cells are in an intermediate state between pluripotent ES cells and lineage-restricted adult progenitor cells \\[[@B10]\\]. ", "The population of hAFS cells is highly heterogeneous and they exhibit a high proliferation rate and wide differentiation potential, including differentiation into hematopoietic, neurogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, renal, and hepatic lineages \\[[@B11],[@B12]\\]. ", "Most intriguingly, unlike ES cells, hAFS cells do not produce teratomas when transplanted into nude mice \\[[@B13]\\]. ", "This important attribute along with their high genomic stability and epigenetic fidelity makes hAFS cells an ideal candidate for stem cell-based therapeutic applications.", "\n\nRecently it has become more evident that apart from the role that p53 plays as a tumor suppressor, it is an important modulator of stem cell fate. ", "Loss or functional defects in its activity can lead to implications like tumor formation or genomic instability. ", "Despite the increasing interest in hAFS cells, very little is known about the regulation and function of p53 in this cell type.", "\n\nIn this article, we present that p53 is expressed and mainly localized in the nucleus of hAFS cells. ", "The antiproliferative activity of p53 is compromised under nonstressed conditions in these cells, but p53 becomes active during the DNA damage response. ", "We also show that the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene (*igf2*), a maternally imprinted gene that is related to cell development and proliferation, and *c-jun*, an important proto-oncogene, are regulated by p53 in hAFS cells.", "\n\nMaterials and Methods {#s002}\n=====================\n\nCell lines and their treatment {#s003}\n------------------------------\n\nThe study has been approved by the ethics committee of the G. d\\'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, ASL Lanciano-Chieti-Vasto, Italy. ", "A sample of amniotic fluid was taken after informed written consent from a woman at 18 weeks of pregnancy at the Cytogenetics Laboratory, G. d\\'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara. ", "Two milliliters of the amniotic fluid were centrifuged at 1,200 rpm for 5 min and the pellet was used to establish the cell line (hAFS cells). ", "All the experiments were done using a hAFS cell line from one donor, to maintain linearity throughout.", "\n\nhAFS cells were cultured in Iscove\\'s modified Dulbecco\\'s medium (Life Technologies), supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Life Technologies), 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Life Technologies), 2 mM [l]{.smallcaps}-glutamine (Life Technologies), and 5 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and incubated at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO~2~. The medium was changed every 2 days.", "\n\nFor differentiation, cells were cultured as reported earlier \\[[@B14],[@B15]\\] in Dulbecco\\'s modified Eagle medium (DMEM; Life Technologies) supplemented with 10% FBS, 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol (Life Technologies), 1% penicillin/streptomycin, and 1 μM all-trans-retinoic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) for up to 28 days. ", "The medium was changed every 2 days.", "\n\nMCF-7 cells (human breast adenocarcinoma cells), HCT-116 cells (human colon cancer cells), U2OS cells (human osteosarcoma cells), A547 cells (human lung carcinoma cells), and H1299 cells (human nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cells) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C with 5% CO~2~ in a humidified atmosphere.", "\n\nhAFS cells and H1299 cells were transfected with PromoFectin (PromoKine) according to the manufacturer\\'s recommendation and incubated for 24 h. siRNA transfections were performed using RiboJuice™ (Millipore) according to the manufacturer\\'s recommendation. ", "The medium was changed after 48 h, and cells were harvested after 72 h. Sequences of siRNAs are available on request.", "\n\nTo induce DNA damage, cells were treated with 50 μM (f.c.) ", "Etoposide (Sigma-Aldrich). ", "Pifithrin-α (Sigma-Aldrich) was used at a final concentration of 10 μM.\n\nPlasmids and antibodies {#s004}\n-----------------------\n\nPlasmids used were the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3 (Invitrogen) and pcDNA3 containing the cDNA of p53 (pcDNA3-p53) that has been described previously \\[[@B16]\\].", "\n\nPrimary antibodies against p53 (Millipore) diluted 1:5,000, P21 (BD Biosciences) diluted 1:1,000, Mdm2 (Millipore), Nestin (BD Biosciences) diluted 1:1,000, MdmX (Sigma-Aldrich) diluted 1:4,000, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) (BioLegend) diluted 1:1,000, MAP2 (Cell Signaling Technology) diluted 1:1,000, β-tubulin III (Abcam) diluted 1:2,000, β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) diluted 1:1,000, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Hytest) diluted 1:20,000 were used. ", "Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) (DAKO) diluted 1:2,000 were used as secondary antibodies. ", "All antibodies were diluted in complete cell culture medium.", "\n\nSodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting {#s005}\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nCells were washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), scraped into PBS, pelleted at 1,200*g* for 2 min, and lysed in NP-40 lysis buffer (150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris \\[pH 8\\], 5 mM EDTA, 1% NP-40, and 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) for 10 min on ice. ", "The protein extract was cleared by centrifugation at 13,000*g* at 4°C for 15 min and the protein concentration of the supernatant (protein extract) was determined by the method of Bradford.", "\n\nForty micrograms of total protein (unless otherwise indicated) were heated to 95°C for 10 min in 2 × sample buffer (2% sodium dodecyl sulfate \\[SDS\\], 80 mM Tris \\[pH 6.8\\], 10% glycerol, 5% 2-mercapthoethanol, and 0.001% bromophenol blue), separated on an SDS-polyacrylamide gel, and transferred onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Millipore). ", "The membrane was blocked for 1 h in 5% dry milk diluted in 0.2% Tween 20 in PBS before incubation with primary antibodies. ", "Primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4°C, followed by three 5-min washes with PBS---0.2% Tween 20. ", "The membrane was incubated for 60 min with a secondary antibody and given three 5-min washes with PBS---0.2% Tween 20. ", "The western blots were developed by the enhanced chemiluminescence method.", "\n\nMTT-assay {#s006}\n---------\n\nCells were plated at a concentration of 100,000 cells per well in a 12-well plate and transfected with siRNA targeted against p53 and control siRNA that is not directed against any known gene. ", "Ninety-six hours after plating, 3-1-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was added to a final concentration of 0.2 mg/mL and incubated for 3 h. Afterward the medium was removed, cells and the formazan salt were solubilized with isopropanol and the absorbance was determined at λ 550 nm.", "\n\nImmunofluorescence staining {#s007}\n---------------------------\n\nhAFS cells were grown in two-chamber slides at a concentration of 50,000 cells per chamber for 24 h. After washing with PBS, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min at 37°C, chilled on ice for 1 min, and incubated for 30 min on ice with ice-cold 90% methanol solution prepared with distilled water. ", "For the immunofluorescence staining after differentiation, hAFS cells were grown up to 28 days on coverslips in a differentiation medium with a change of medium every 2 days. ", "After washing with PBS, cells were fixed on ice for 8 min with an ice-cold methanol-acetone solution (1:1) and washed with PBS.", "\n\nAfter washing with an incubation buffer (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, and 5% BSA), cells were incubated overnight with primary antibodies (DO-1, γ-H2AX, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), diluted 1: 500; MAP2, diluted 1:200, and β-tubulin III, diluted 1 μg/mL in the incubation buffer). ", "The cells were washed twice with the incubation buffer and incubated for 2 h at room temperature in the dark with an antibody directed against mouse IgG coupled to Alexa-Fluor-488 (Life Technologies) or against rabbit IgG coupled to Alexa-Fluor-546 (Life Technologies) diluted 1:1,000 in the incubation buffer. ", "After washing with PBS, the slides were incubated with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (f.c. ", "1 mg/mL prepared in PBS) in the dark for 45 min, washed again with PBS, and mounted on microscope slides with Hydromount (Polysciences, Inc.). ", "Cells were analyzed using a Leica DMI4000B microscope.", "\n\nReal-time polymerase chain reaction {#s008}\n-----------------------------------\n\nCells were suspended in Trifast (PeqGold; VWR Life Sciences), vortexed, and incubated for 5 min. ", "Chloroform was added and the mixture was incubated for 5 min. ", "The mix was centrifuged at 13,000*g* for 5 min at 4°C, then mixed with isopropanol and 2 μL Roti-Pink (Roth) to improve precipitation of the RNA, and placed on ice for 10 min, followed by centrifugation at 13,000*g* for 10 min at 4°C. ", "The pellet was washed twice with 75% ethanol at 13,000*g* for 10 min and suspended in 30 μL RNAase-free water. ", "The RNA solution was treated with DNaseI and transcribed into cDNA using random primers and RevertAid H MinusM-MuLV reverse transcriptase (Promega).", "\n\nReal-time polymerase chain reaction was performed with GoTaq^®^ qPCR Master Mix (Promega). ", "The cDNA was denatured for 15 min at 95°C followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 15 s and 60°C for 1 min using the 7000 ABI sequence detection system and gene-specific primers. ", "The signals were normalized to the signals for β-actin. ", "Sequences of primers are available on request.", "\n\nStatistics {#s009}\n----------\n\nStatistical comparisons between two groups were made using Student\\'s *t-*test.", "\n\nResults {#s010}\n=======\n\nPhenotypic characterization of the hAFS cells {#s011}\n---------------------------------------------\n\nThe hAFS cell line that was used for this study was first tested for different surface and intracellular markers to ascertain that the cells are indeed in an intermediary state between pluripotent ES cells and lineage-restricted adult progenitor cells \\[[@B10]\\]. ", "As previously reported \\[[@B17],[@B18]\\], the hAFS cells did not show surface expression of hematopoietic surface markers (eg, CD14, CD34, and CD45), but expressed a variety of established mesenchymal markers (eg, CD73, CD90, and CD105), several related surface adhesion molecules (eg, CD29, CD44, CD146, and CD166), and the stemness markers hTERT, Sox-2, Oct3/4, and SSEA-4. ", "The hAFS cells, however, did not express CD117 and CD133 ([Supplementary Fig. ", "S1](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} and [Supplementary Table S1](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}; Supplementary Data are available online at [www.liebertpub.com/scd](www.liebertpub.com/scd)).", "\n\np53 abundance and localization {#s012}\n------------------------------\n\nAs a transcription factor, p53 needs to be nuclear to be active. ", "However, in earlier reports about ES cells, p53 was found to be cytoplasmic \\[[@B19],[@B20]\\]. ", "To determine the localization of the p53 protein in hAFS cells, we performed immunofluorescence staining and found that in hAFS cells, the majority of p53 is localized in the nucleus. ", "Similar to murine ES cells \\[[@B14]\\], we observed in hAFS cells that the distribution of p53 was quite heterogeneous with some cells expressing high amounts of p53 and most cells expressing low amounts ([Fig. ", "1A](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n](fig-1){#f1}\n\nIn mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), both a constant expression during long-term cultivation and downregulation during the first 15 passages have been reported for p53 \\[[@B21]\\]. ", "Pertaining to these studies, we investigated p53 abundance at early and late passages of hAFS cells. ", "As shown in [Supplementary Fig. ", "S2](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}, we observed a stable expression of the p53 protein that did not change with increased passage number ([Supplementary Fig. ", "S2](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}).", "\n\nhAFS cells possess intermediate properties between pluripotent ES cells and lineage-restricted adult progenitor cells \\[[@B10]\\]. ", "The abundance of p53 in murine ES cells is much higher than in cancer cells, while its abundance in human ES cells is comparable with cancer cells \\[[@B24]\\]. ", "These differences in p53 abundance in different ES cells and differentiated cells made us wonder to which level p53 is expressed in hAFS cells.", "\n\nBecause of the species specificity of the p53 antibodies and the inability to work with human ES cells, we could not directly compare the abundance of p53 in murine and human ES cells and hAFS cells. ", "We therefore decided to compare the levels of p53 in hAFS cells with different tumor cell lines. ", "For the different cell lines, we chose U2OS, HCT116, A549, and MCF7. ", "All these cell lines express wild-type p53 and have therefore relatively low p53 levels \\[[@B28]\\]. ", "We prepared protein lysates of all these cell lines and of hAFS cells and compared the abundance of the p53 protein by western blotting. ", "While p53 expression in the different tumor cell lines was relatively comparable, hAFS cells expressed much lower levels of p53 ([Fig. ", "1B](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nThe antiproliferative activity of p53 is suppressed in hAFS cells {#s013}\n-----------------------------------------------------------------\n\nExpression of p53 usually decreases cell proliferation \\[[@B5]\\]. ", "However, since hAFS cells are an intermediate between stem cells and more differentiated progenitor cells, \\[[@B10]\\] and since it has been shown that in murine ES cells, p53\\'s antiproliferative activity is compromised \\[[@B14]\\], we wondered whether p53 is able to suppress cell proliferation in hAFS cells. ", "To investigate this conjecture, we downregulated p53 in hAFS cells and monitored the increase in cell number with an MTT assay. ", "Most interestingly, we only observed a slight difference in the rate of proliferation in control cells and in cells with downregulated p53 ([Fig. ", "1C](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This small difference was far beyond the difference that others have seen, for example, in murine embryonic fibroblasts \\[[@B29]\\]. ", "This result indicates that the antiproliferative activity of p53 is compromised in hAFS cells similar to ES cells \\[[@B14]\\].", "\n\nThe most well-known negative regulators of p53 are Mdm2 and MdmX, which associate with the transactivation domain of p53 \\[[@B30],[@B31]\\]. ", "In ES cells, the antiproliferative activity of p53 is controlled at least, in part, by high amounts of MdmX \\[[@B14]\\]. ", "Since we found the antiproliferative activity of p53 compromised in hAFS cells, we asked whether MdmX might also be present in high amounts in hAFS cells and monitored MdmX abundance in hAFS cells by western blotting. ", "To see whether MdmX abundance might eventually change during differentiation as it does in murine ES cells \\[[@B14]\\], we analyzed both undifferentiated and differentiated hAFS cells. ", "For positive control, we used HCT116 cells that express relatively high levels of MdmX \\[[@B32]\\]. ", "As shown in [Fig. ", "1D](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, expression of MdmX was below the detection limit both in the undifferentiated and differentiated hAFS cells ([Fig. ", "1D](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\np53 regulates the expression of *igf2* and *c-jun* in hAFS cells {#s014}\n----------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAs p53 is abundantly expressed in hAFS cells, but does not suppress cell proliferation in unstressed hAFS cells, we wondered whether it might eventually control transcription of noncanonical target genes of p53 as it has been observed in murine ES cells \\[[@B14]\\]. ", "We therefore analyzed expression of *igf2* and *c-jun* that were induced by p53 in murine ES cells, but downregulated in differentiated cells \\[[@B14],[@B33]\\]. ", "To test this possibility, we downregulated p53 in hAFS cells by transfecting a siRNA targeted against p53. ", "For control, we transfected a control siRNA that is not directed against any known gene. ", "Seventy-two hours after transfection, we harvested the cells and monitored expression of *c-jun* and *igf2* by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).", "\n\nAs shown in [Fig. ", "2A](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, expression of *c-jun* was reduced in hAFS cells when p53 was downregulated, consistent with the report on murine ES cells \\[[@B14]\\] ([Fig. ", "2A](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Most interestingly, expression of *igf2* was strongly increased after downregulation of p53 in hAFS cells ([Fig. ", "2A](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This was in contrast to ES cells where expression of *igf2* was reduced when p53 was absent \\[[@B14]\\]. ", "To further confirm that *igf2* expression is indeed increased by p53 in hAFS cells, we overexpressed p53. ", "However, to our surprise, *igf2* mRNA levels remained largely the same when p53 was overexpressed ([Fig. ", "2B](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "To see whether there is a difference between the regulation of *igf2* by p53 in hAFS cells and cancer cells, we overexpressed p53 in the p53-negative cell line H1299. ", "Here, *igf2* levels changed marginally when p53 was transfected ([Fig. ", "2C](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n{#f2}\n\n*Igf2* is a maternally imprinted gene that is regulated in a gender-specific manner \\[[@B34]\\]. ", "Since *igf2* was regulated by p53 in hAFS cells, we wondered whether p53 might be involved in the gender-specific regulation of *igf2.* ", "As the cells, where we have found an induction of *igf2* by p53 ([Fig. ", "2B](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}), had a 46XX karyotype, we also overexpressed p53 in hAFS cells with a XY karyotype and aimed at monitoring the expression of *igf2* also in this cell line. ", "However, in the hAFS cell line with a XY karyotype, *igf2* mRNA levels were below the detection limit.", "\n\np53 is induced during differentiation in hAFS cells {#s015}\n---------------------------------------------------\n\np53 has been shown to be involved in the differentiation of ES and adult stem cells \\[[@B4],[@B35],[@B36]\\]. ", "To investigate if p53 is also involved in the differentiation of hAFS cells, we differentiated the cells using all-*trans* retinoic acid for several days and monitored their morphological changes under the microscope followed by immunostaining with several neuronal markers. ", "We observed drastic changes in the morphology of hAFS cells after induction of differentiation ([Supplementary Fig. ", "S3](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}).", "\n\nWe monitored changes in p53 abundance on days 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 20, and 24 ([Fig. ", "3A](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "To follow the process of differentiation of these cells, we also monitored abundance of the neuronal differentiation markers Nestin, MAP2, and β-tubulin III ([Fig. ", "3A](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "As shown in [Fig. ", "3A](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, p53 was expressed at much higher levels from day 17 onward. ", "This was also the time when Nestin, MAP2, and β-tubulin III were expressed ([Fig. ", "3A](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "To confirm the neuronal differentiation seen on western blot, we performed immunostaining against MAP2, β-tubulin III, and GFAP. ", "The expression of these neuronal differentiation markers were seen from day 7 and increased further until day 28 ([Fig. ", "3B](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n](fig-3){#f3}\n\nTo determine whether differentiation of hAFS cells depended on p53, we inhibited p53 with pifithrin-α, a molecule that blocks the transcriptional activity of p53. ", "We added 10 μM pifithrin-α to the hAFS cells, a concentration reported earlier to be suitable for ES cells \\[[@B37]\\], and differentiated the cells with all-*trans* retinoic acid. ", "On the ninth day of differentiation, we harvested the cells and prepared RNA and protein lysates.", "\n\nAs shown in [Fig. ", "3Ci](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, treatment with pifithrin- α reduced the amount of Nestin in comparison to vehicle-treated cells. ", "This reduction in the expression of Nestin is an indication of reduced differentiation. ", "The signal for Nestin was, however, not completely gone ([Fig. ", "3Ci](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "We also monitored p53 levels. ", "p53 was induced in the differentiated cells in comparison to the undifferentiated cells ([Fig. ", "3Ci](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "To determine if pifithrin-α blocked p53\\'s transcriptional activity under our condition, we monitored the mRNA abundance of *igf2*, which we have shown before to be regulated by p53 ([Fig. ", "2A](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "As shown in [Fig. ", "3Cii](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, pifithrin-α reduced *igf2* expression by 20% in undifferentiated hAFS cells and by 50% in differentiated hAFS cells. ", "This result shows that pifithrin-α indeed reduced p53\\'s transcriptional activity ([Fig. ", "3Cii](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\np53 is activated in hAFS cells after DNA damage {#s016}\n-----------------------------------------------\n\nOne crucial function of p53 is to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis after DNA damage \\[[@B30]\\]. ", "In response to DNA-damaging agents, both the levels and activity of p53 increase \\[[@B38],[@B39]\\]. ", "However, nothing is known about the regulation and function of p53 in hAFS cells. ", "In response to DNA damage, mouse ES cells activate p53 that then binds to the promoters of its canonical target genes, including *bax* and *puma*, resulting in apoptosis \\[[@B7],[@B40]\\].", "\n\nWe wondered whether this is also the case for hAFS cells. ", "Therefore, we treated the cells with the DNA-damaging agent etoposide, a topoisomerase inhibitor that induces double-strand breaks \\[[@B41]\\], and performed immunofluorescence staining to monitor the damage. ", "γ-H2AX, a marker for DNA double-strand breaks, revealed a significant increase in DNA damage in etoposide-treated cells ([Fig. ", "4A](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "After having confirmed that DNA damage is induced by etoposide in hAFS cells, we performed western blotting to monitor p53 abundance and activity.", "\n\n](fig-4){#f4}\n\nTo investigate if undifferentiated and differentiated hAFS cells respond differently to DNA damage, we treated both undifferentiated and differentiated hAFS cells with etoposide. ", "As shown in [Fig. ", "4B](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}, treatment of undifferentiated and differentiated hAFS cells with etoposide was accompanied by a strong increase in the amount of the p53 protein. ", "Along with the induction of p53, levels of the p53 target gene Mdm2 were increased too. ", "Overall, we did not find a strong difference in the reaction of differentiated and undifferentiated hAFS cells to etoposide ([Fig. ", "4B](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nWe next wondered whether the presence of p53 might be required for a normal DNA damage response in hAFS cells. ", "To address this question, we downregulated p53 by employing a siRNA targeted against p53 and treated the cells with etoposide to induce DNA damage. ", "We then investigated the expression of the endogenous p53 target genes *mdm2* and *p21*.", "\n\nUpon p53 downregulation, p21 mRNA levels were slightly decreased. ", "Treatment with etoposide resulted in about fivefold induction of p21 RNA in cells that had been transfected with a control siRNA. ", "In cells treated with a siRNA that was targeted against p53, this induction was strongly reduced ([Fig. ", "4C](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In contrast to *p21*, constitutive expression of *mdm2* was not affected by downregulation of p53. ", "Treatment of hAFS cells with etoposide resulted in a more than threefold increase in mdm2 RNA in cells that had been transfected with a control siRNA. ", "This increase was, however, clearly smaller when p53 was downregulated.", "\n\np53 is an important mediator of the DNA damage response and activation of p53 leads to the activation of caspases and induction of apoptosis \\[[@B42]\\]. ", "An earlier report indicated that in undifferentiated ES cells, p53 checkpoint pathways are compromised \\[[@B19]\\]. ", "We therefore wondered whether p53 is able to control events downstream of DNA damage in hAFS cells. ", "One of the targets of caspase 3 is PARP (Poly ADP-ribose polymerase). ", "Caspase 3 cleaves the 116 kDa full-length PARP protein into an 89 and 24 kDa form \\[[@B46],[@B47]\\]. ", "We downregulated p53 in hAFS cells, treated the cells with etoposide, and monitored PARP cleavage by western blotting. ", "As shown in [Fig. ", "4D](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}, cleavage of PARP was increased after DNA damage and this increase was lower when p53 was downregulated ([Fig. ", "4D](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This result shows that p53 is actively involved in the DNA damage response of undifferentiated hAFS cells.", "\n\nDiscussion {#s017}\n==========\n\nThe demand for establishing stem cell therapy still continues, but with new findings showing that ES cells frequently harbor mosaic alterations and that p53 is frequently mutated in human ES cell lines \\[[@B48],[@B49]\\], it becomes increasingly challenging to identify a stem cell type that can be used for transplantation into human bodies.", "\n\nIdeally, the potential candidate should be easy to obtain, have a high proliferation rate in culture, show broad plasticity, and most importantly, be devoid of any ethical issues. ", "hAFS cells possess all these characteristics and fit perfectly as the ideal stem cell type for therapeutic applications. ", "Most importantly, hAFS cells do not form tumors after transplantation into mice and have properties similar to ES cells \\[[@B13],[@B50]\\]. ", "P53 is an important tumor suppressor protein and therefore it is very important to clarify whether p53 is functional in hAFS cells before they are used in therapy.", "\n\nWe first investigated the localization of p53 in hAFS cells and observed that the majority of the p53 protein is nuclear. ", "This result is consistent with an earlier report on murine ES cells where p53 also has been found in the nucleus of stem cells \\[[@B14]\\]. ", "We further found that p53 protein levels are relatively stable and do not change with increasing passage numbers. ", "This finding is consistent with previous reports about p53 mRNA levels in these cells \\[[@B21],[@B23]\\].", "\n\np53 is known to be an antiproliferative protein. ", "That is also why p53 mutations are associated with tumor growth in many cancers \\[[@B51]\\]. ", "We therefore monitored the influence of p53 on the proliferation rate of hAFS cells. ", "Most interestingly, we observed no difference in the proliferation capacity between control cells and cells where p53 was downregulated. ", "This is consistent with an earlier report on murine ES cells where the antiproliferative activity of p53 was also compromised \\[[@B14]\\]. ", "The suppression of the antiproliferative activity of p53 in hAFS cells prompted us to check for the regulation of some of the noncanonical target genes of p53 that were regulated by p53 in ES cells, including *igf2* and *c-jun* \\[[@B14]\\].", "\n\nAlthough we observed a repression of *c-jun* by p53 in hAFS cells like Yan and co-workers in ES cells, we found that *igf2* mRNA levels were induced by p53 in hAFS cells, while they were repressed by p53 in ES cells \\[[@B14]\\]. ", "c-Jun, which is encoded by the *c-jun* gene, is a proto-oncogene that achieves its growth-promoting function by heterodimerizing with c-Fos and binding to AP-1 responsive elements in promoters of their target genes, and through repression of the tumor suppressor genes *p53*, *p21*, and *p16* \\[[@B52]\\]. ", "c-jun has been shown to directly bind and act as an active transcriptional repressor of the p53 promotor \\[[@B53]\\]. ", "Interestingly, p53 associated with GC-rich regions around the transcriptional start site of *c-jun* in murine ES cells \\[[@B14]\\], a property that has been described for mutant p53 in differentiated cells \\[[@B54]\\].", "\n\nSimilar to *c-jun*, *igf2*, which is a maternally imprinted gene that is involved in development, is also a proto-oncogene and a target of p53 that is frequently overexpressed in tumors \\[[@B55],[@B56]\\]. ", "Surprisingly, although downregulation of p53 strongly induced *igf2* mRNA, we did not see a reduction in *igf2* mRNA after overexpression of p53. ", "The reason for this inconsistency between overexpression and downregulation is unclear. ", "Interestingly, we found expression of *igf2* in cells with a female karyotype, but not in cells with a male karyotype. ", "Eventually, *igf2* expression is not required in male cells. ", "This would be in line with a previous observation where females were strongly dependent on *igf2*, while males were viable also when the *igf2* gene was genetically deleted \\[[@B34]\\].", "\n\nWe furthermore observed that p53 was strongly induced in hAFS cells as differentiation progressed. ", "Moreover, blocking the transcriptional activity of p53 with pifithrin-α caused a reduction in the amount of Nestin. ", "This result indicates that p53 contributes to the differentiation of hAFS cells. ", "The increase in p53 abundance upon differentiation is in contrast to other reports on ES cells where a significant reduction in the amount of p53 was observed during differentiation \\[[@B5],[@B15],[@B24],[@B57]\\].", "\n\np53 is crucial for the DNA damage response \\[[@B58]\\]. ", "In our experiments with hAFS cells, p53 also became activated after DNA damage. ", "Its levels were increased and target genes, including *p21* and *mdm2*, were induced. ", "Moreover, we found that cleavage of PARP in response to DNA damage occurred in hAFS cells at least, in part, in a p53-dependent manner. ", "As we did not test other DNA-damaging agents in our study, we cannot comment if hAFS cells respond to all DNA-damaging agents or whether the response is specific to only some adverse agents.", "\n\nAmniotic fluid contains cells of mixed populations derived from fetus and amnion. ", "Thus a donor-to-donor heterogeneity exists, which might influence not only their proliferation and differentiation capabilities but also their response toward DNA damage. ", "We performed the majority of our experiments with one hAFS cell line. ", "Therefore, similar experiments on more hAFS cell lines that have been established from different donors need to be undertaken to rule out any donor heterogeneity for the regulation of p53\\'s activities.", "\n\nIn conclusion, our studies reveal that p53 is active in hAFS cells. ", "Furthermore, we observed some differences in the activity of p53 in hAFS cells when compared to ES cells. ", "Thus, p53 abundance and activity cannot be generalized in all types of stem cells. ", "This has also been highlighted by the variation of p53 expression in different MSC types \\[[@B23]\\]. ", "hAFS cells could be potentially useful tools for stem cell therapy, but pertaining to the heterogeneity they possess due to the diversity of the donors, it is very important to investigate the cells in great detail before they enter into therapy.", "\n\nSupplementary Material\n======================\n\n###### Supplemental data\n\nAcknowledgments {#s018}\n===============\n\nWe are thankful to Christina Bauer who helped us with general laboratory work. ", "This work was supported by the grant of the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (PRIN 2015) to L.S.\n\nAuthor Disclosure Statement {#s019}\n===========================\n\nNo competing financial interests exist.", "\n" ]

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[ "A brewing dispute over claims of window-rattling sound levels during certain shows at Red Rocks Amphitheatre has now drawn Jefferson County into the controversy, just as the iconic venue kicks off its summer concert season.", "\n\nMembers of the Morrison town board will meet Friday with at least one Jefferson County commissioner to explore ways of dealing with acts that churn out the pulsating and bass-heavy tones of electronic dance music, or EDM, at Red Rocks.", "\n\nEDM, which typically features a DJ playing and mixing club music at high volume, has grown in popularity over the past few years. ", "It has also prompted complaints from those who live near Red Rocks of prolonged, bone-buzzing concerts that shake walls and curtail sleep — even at homes half a mile away.", "\n\nAt particular issue is the low-frequency bass noise that emanates from the stage.", "\n\n“You can get the craziest Metallica concert, and that’s not even close to what we’re talking about,” Morrison Mayor Sean Forey said. “", "This is something new and different than anything in the past.”", "\n\nIn a letter that the town had prepared for the county last week, one neighbor noted that wearing earplugs and retreating to the basement was no match for the growling bass coming from Red Rocks.", "\n\nAnother was quoted as saying the noise made his family feel “like prisoners in our own house.”", "\n\n“It’s like Guantanamo — with loud, thumping music and sleep deprivation,” the resident told town leaders.", "\n\nMorrison had originally drafted a more forceful letter to send to Jefferson County, in which it requested that the county change its policy of exempting Red Rocks shows from its noise-abatement rules.", "\n\nLast week, a new version of the letter simply asked the commissioners to help Morrison resolve a situation where “unacceptable sound levels and extended concert hours risk becoming a public or private nuisance.”", "\n\nJefferson County Commissioner Casey Tighe said Friday’s meeting will be the first discussion at the county level about noise abatement at Red Rocks.", "\n\nRed Rocks Amphitheatre is owned by the city and county of Denver, which on Jan. 1 implemented new limits on volume and duration after receiving complaints.", "\n\nOne rule says that the average decibels for an entire show shall not exceed 105 decibels for one-minute averages after midnight on weekdays and 1 a.m. on weekends and holidays.", "\n\nArtists will be hit with fines ranging from $5,000 to $10,000 for violations of the volume and curfew limits.", "\n\nDan Rowland, assistant director of marketing and communications for Denver Arts & Venues, said the operators of Red Rocks will be listening closely to residents to see how effective the new rules are in dampening the noise.", "\n\n“We are always evaluating the venue to make it the best experience for patrons, as well as neighbors,” he said.", "\n\nThe first EDM show of the season is the Global Dub Festival, scheduled for May 16.", "\n\nJohn Aguilar: 303-954-1695, jaguilar@denverpost.com or twitter.com/abuvthefold" ]

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[ "{\n \"ar\": \"عند تشغيل هذه البطاقة ، سيتم تشغيل جميع نسخ هذه البطاقة من يدك وسطح السفينة.\",", "\n \"bg\": \"Когато тази карта се играе, всички копия на тази карта ще се играят от ръката и палубата.\",", "\n \"cs\": \"Když se tato karta přehraje, všechny kopie této karty budou přehrány z ruky a paluby.\",", "\n \"da\": \"Når dette kort bliver spillet, vil alle kopier af dette kort blive afspillet fra din hånd og dit dæk.\",", "\n \"de\": \"Wenn diese Karte gespielt wird, werden alle Exemplare dieser Karte von Ihrer Hand und Ihrem Deck abgespielt.\",", "\n \"el\": \"Όταν αναπαράγεται αυτή η κάρτα, όλα τα αντίγραφα αυτής της κάρτας θα αναπαραχθούν από το χέρι και το κατάστρωμα σας.\",", "\n \"en\": \"When this card is played, all copies of this card will be played from your hand and deck.\",", "\n \"es\": \"Cuando se juega esta carta, todas las copias de esta carta se jugarán desde su mano y su mazo.\",", "\n \"es-419\": \"Cuando se juega esta carta, todas las copias de esta carta se jugarán desde su mano y su mazo.\",", "\n \"fi\": \"Kun tämä kortti toistetaan, kaikki tämän kortin kopiot toistetaan kädestä ja kannelta.\",", "\n \"fr\": \"Lorsque cette carte est jouée, toutes les copies de cette carte seront lues de votre main et de votre deck.\",", "\n \"hu\": \"Amikor ezt a kártyát lejátssza, a kártya és a fedélzet minden másolatát lejátszja.\",", "\n \"it\": \"Quando questa carta viene giocata, tutte le copie di questa carta verranno giocate dalla tua mano e dal tuo mazzo.\",", "\n \"ja\": \"このカードがプレイされると、このカードのコピーはすべてあなたの手札とデッキからプレイされる。\",", "\n \"ko\": \"이 카드가 사용되면이 카드의 모든 카피가 패와 덱에서 재생됩니다.\",", "\n \"nl\": \"Wanneer deze kaart wordt gespeeld, worden alle kopieën van deze kaart uit uw hand en kaartspel gespeeld.\",", "\n \"no\": \"Når dette kortet spilles, vil alle kopier av dette kortet bli spilt fra din hånd og dekk.\",", "\n \"pl\": \"Po zagraniu tej karty wszystkie kopie tej karty zostaną zagrane z ręki i talii.\",", "\n \"pt\": \"Quando esta carta é jogada, todas as cópias desta carta serão jogadas da sua mão e deck.\",", "\n \"pt-BR\": \"Quando esta carta é jogada, todas as cópias desta carta serão jogadas da sua mão e deck.\",", "\n \"ro\": \"Când se redă acest card, toate copiile acestui card vor fi redate de pe mâna și puntea.\",", "\n \"ru\": \"Когда эта карта разыгрывается, все копии этой карты будут разыгрываться с вашей руки и из колоды.\",", "\n \"sv\": \"När detta kort spelas kommer alla kopior av detta kort att spelas från din hand och däck.\",", "\n \"th\": \"เมื่อเล่นการ์ดนี้การ์ดนี้จะเล่นจากมือและเด็คของคุณ\",\n \"tr\": \"Bu kart oynandığında, bu kartın tüm kopyaları elinizden ve destenizden oynatılacaktır.\",", "\n \"uk\": \"Коли ця картка буде відтворена, всі копії цієї карти будуть відтворюватися з вашої руки та колоди.\",", "\n \"vi\": \"Khi thẻ này được chơi, tất cả các bản sao của thẻ này sẽ được phát từ tay và bộ bài của bạn.\",", "\n \"zh-CN\": \"播放此卡时，将从您的手和牌组播放此卡的所有副本。\",", "\n \"zh-TW\": \"播放此卡時，將從您的手和牌組播放此卡的所有副本。\"", "\n}\n" ]

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[ "James Bergener’s reviews\n\n1ST PERSON TO CALL IF IN AN ACCIDENT!", "\n\n5.0 stars\n\nPosted by BENJAMIN December 5, 2015\n\nI was in an accident where I hit a driver who was turning left at a greenlight when he should have yielded. ", "I called Jame's a few days later because I was having a lot of neck pain. ", "They were able to find me many doctors in their network from L.A. to Victor Valley to treat my pain comfort needs. ", "They covered ALL the bills! ", "Their communication was top notch, along with their patients and well mannered staff! ", "I had a good feeling about them! ", "They exceeded their time frame and made sure that I understood all appropriations of payment!", "\nI couldnt be happier with the way they treated me! ", "Thanks again!", "\n\nThis is a great Lawyer he will stay with you and fight for you even after a mediation and case supposedly closed… I am Proof\n\n5.0 stars\n\nPosted by anonymous August 6, 2014\n\nThe “bad” review Below posted on the 6th of August … was made in haste by me “I am trying to get it removed” .. Mr. Bergener is trying to rectify the situation.. Should he rectify this outcome I agree he is a great attny please give him a chance!!!! ", "James does care and gives personal attention… This was lack of communication between James and I as i could not reach him because he was only half of my case … ( i wish he took the whole case he’s great ) I could not reach him for advise… We have spoken and he is trying to rectify the results from the “sister company” he had no idea this had happend to me only THE OTHER ATTORNEYS side the story after the “mediation i was under pressure and not happy with” thank you…. ", "should this be handled the way I believe James does do honest trustworthy and caring work .. I will post again thank you.. for your kind consideration\n\nGreat for Smaller Cases, Quick, Professional, Courteous, Kind, and Reliable.", "\n\n5.0 stars\n\nPosted by j. August 5, 2014\n\nI had initially hired a personal injury lawyer in my city who ended up not doing anything with my case for an entire year. ", "After finding Brett Bergener on AVOO, my case was completed in a little over 2 months and I am very pleased with the outcome. ", "With such high reviews, I wasn't sure if Bergener & Associates would accept my case since it was such a small injury (minor dog bite) and I actually had trouble finding a lawyer in my city (San Diego) that would accept my case. ", "My previous lawyer even advised me to pretend I no longer had the pictures of my injury because he didn't believe they were bad enough. ", "Mr. Bergener said that was outrageous and assured me that I had a strong case. ", "I also really appreciate the fact that they were willing to work with me despite the issues I had with my previous lawyer. ", "He was on the unethical side and I almost had to report him because he wouldn't hand over my file, despite it being the client's property. ", "Long story short, Mr. Bergener was incredibly understanding, worked with me for weeks before I was even an official client, and has renewed my faith in personal injury lawyers. ", "His firm was professional, persistent, and handled everything extremely quickly. ", "I could tell how different this firm was from just the very first phone call. ", "After signing with Bergener & Associates, it was an extremely effortless process. ", "Highly recommend.", "\n\nI highly recommend Bergener & Associates\n\n5.0 stars\n\nPosted by MS January 16, 2014\n\n“Bergener & Associates helped me from the day I was injured by an uninsured motorist’s negligent driving to the day the case was completely and FULLY successfully settled. ", "The team helped me every single step I had to go through as an injured/hurting victim. ", "I am so grateful to them because I could get necessary medical treatments so quickly. ", "They even helped me to make initial appointments. ", "I know my case was not a big case in terms of business profit for them. ", "What most impressed me was that I KNOW I continued getting the same dedication, compassion and attention from them, just like for other clients with larger cases. ", "They never minimized my pain, concerns and worries regardless of size of the case. ", "Their response was always quick, thorough and professional. ", "I highly recommend Bergener and Associates to everyone I know if he/she was in the same situation.”", "\n\nGenuine, Compassionate, Honest and Concerned\n\n4.0 stars\n\nPosted by Darby November 19, 2013\n\nMy situation was extreme, having been hit by another car going 100 + MPH through a red light with no witnesses. ", "Bergener and associates picked me up when I needed it moat and allowed me to focus on therapy and Recovery which Was Imperative To Picking up The Pieces And Getting Back To \"LIFE\". ", "I DEFINITELY recommend you call them yourselves and discover the difference\n\nMade me look like a hero\n\n5.0 stars\n\nPosted by rob November 3, 2013\n\nMr. Bergener is way better than anyone I've dealt with. ", "I worked for a different personal injury attorney a long time ago. ", "So friends still ask me about accidents or legal issues they have. ", "My friend Samantha got into a car accident and wanted my help. ", "So I helped her shop around and these guys seemed on top of their game and very knowledgeable. ", "So I recommended them (and was a little bit nervous since it was entirely possible they just talked the talk but weren't really that great).", "\n\nI had no reason at all to worry. ", "She was amazed at how competent they were and how smooth the whole process was. ", "And it really made me look like I knew what I was doing.", "\n\nBottom line: If a family member got in an accident, I would send them here.", "\n\nwith kindness, caring,and compassion\n\n5.0 stars\n\nPosted by Barbara April 29, 2013\n\nI found James Bergener name as I walked through the yellow pages, I was impressed with what I read in the ad, made an initial call, was greeted on the phone with kindness, caring and compassion the next day had someone in my home getting details and information needed to get my case started, also was given a contact person which was nice because I would contact just one person making it easier for all concerned, because of the complexity of my case, at the close of my case was I given a surprising gift.", "\nI would like to thank each and every person who assisted James on my case, from the initial phone call, to the investigator who came to my home to James of course and all his Team for assisting him to victory. ", "thank you again from the bottom of my heart.", "\n\nProfessional and thorough\n\n5.0 stars\n\nPosted by Christopher April 15, 2013\n\nThey helped me every step of the way. ", "Set up physician appointments for me as well as physical therapy, I never had to pay out of pocket for anything and I was given great medical care. ", "I was kept up to date on how my case way going. ", "My medical bills were paid and I got far more than I expected for my case after all the medical providers were compensated. ", "I would highly recommend James Bergener to friends and family if they ever need a personal injury attorney.", "\n\nSettled my claim after liability was denied.", "\n\n5.0 stars\n\nPosted by Carla July 17, 2012\n\nI was hit by a delivery car making a left hand turn. ", "The accident totaled my car and I was taken to the hospital. ", "Even though the police report said it was their fault, the insurance company refused liability. ", "After a few weeks of struggling with them I found Mr. Bergener on the internet. ", "I really wish I had called him earlier. ", "After a week the insurance company accepted responsibility. ", "Now I tell everyone who's been in an accident to hire an attorney right away. ", "But I am very greatful to Mr. Bergener and his whole firm for taking charge and getting me a good settlement. ", "I know it would have been hard or impossible without them.", "\n\nexcellent lawyer\n\n5.0 stars\n\nPosted by Gary April 27, 2011\n\nWe hired Mr. Bergener to represent us for a car accident in which my wife was injured (I was also a client). ", "I expected that the process would require quite a bit extra effort for me -- and that I would have to chase down our lawyer so that my our case would progress smoothly. ", "This was not the case. ", "The firm handled everything and kept us constantly informed. ", "The staff at the firm is very professional and we really enjoyed every interaction. ", "My own claim with the firm, for loss of consortium resulting due to my wife's injuries, was handled very tactfully. ", "Hopefully I never will need another lawyer, but if I do I certainly will use this firm again." ]

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[ "134a ac chart\n\nFigure out when charts and charts can assist your small service program, and if they can injure it. ", "Although you can translate a pie chart in similar way, a pareto chart requires the cognitive load needed to interpret exactly what is very important. ", "In the next example a pie chart represents how folks pertain to get the job done. ", "So it is not genuinely evil. ", "Pie Chart is among the ideal technique to show the statical data. ", "A chart is an excellent fit once the chart’s strong points align with the message we want to communicate. ", "Now you’ve got a beautiful Progress Chart, that’s likewise rather versatile.", "\n\nac 134a pressure chartsSource : www.jackappliancerepair.com\n\nOur very first illustration is three sales charts built from quite a simple collection of sales. ", "You will locate all examples of these plots and charts on GitHub.", "\n\nTemp vs Pressure ChartSource : farm3.staticflickr.com\n\nThe chart below isn’t really being unethical worrying the data, but it’s misleading. ", "Bar charts are also incredibly helpful if you wish to discover more about the frequency of particular events, e.g. the frequency of emails you receive over the day. ", "Line chartLine charts are somewhat better than column charts or bar charts for showing variances as quickly as the distinctions are rather small or if there are a fantastic offer of data points.", "\n\nReady to convert from R12 to R134aSource : www.buyautoparts.com\n\nFor you to know, there is another 27 Similar images of 134a ac chart that Dr. Alexandria Wintheiser uploaded you can see below :\n\nThis ac 134a pressure charts uploaded by Dr. Alexandria Wintheiser from public domain that can find it from google or other search engine and it’s posted under topic 134a ac chart. ", "If you have any complain about this image, make sure to contact us from the contact page and bring your proof about your copyright image. ", "All trademarks referenced here in are properties of their respective owners and most of the sources material is posted on this website after the “Fair use” doctrine of copyright released for non-commercial News reporting, education and discussion purposes. ", "We will comply with all takedown requests." ]

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[ "A word from Stacy, the 'Buzz Lightyear' costume creator:\n\nI'm entering my husband into the most creative costume contest! ", "He has spent the last two weeks making is Buzz Lightyear costume. ", "The costume is made completely out of all types of foam. ", "Then he glued and painted everything and even added all the buttons! ", "The buttons are made from deodorant and spray can caps with small key chain lights inside so that they actually light up!" ]

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[ "OAKLAND — A criminal investigation of an Oakland police officer involved in a sexual misconduct scandal with a dispatcher’s daughter has ended in no charges being filed against him.", "\n\nHowever, Officer Terryl Smith and at least one other officer lost their jobs because they lied to internal affairs during the investigation, according to multiple sources.", "\n\n“The criminal investigation involving a former Oakland police officer is closed,” Oakland police spokeswoman Johnna Watson said. “", "The administrative investigation continues.”", "\n\nSmith was investigated for attempted forcible sodomy for an encounter with the dispatcher’s daughter, who goes by the name Celeste Guap, on Feb. 1 at Wildcat Canyon Regional Park in Richmond, according to Paul Graves, who oversees the sexual assault unit in the Contra Costa County District Attorney’s Office. ", "This newspaper is not using Guap’s real name.", "\n\nOakland police filed the case with Graves on May 17, but Graves said there was insufficient evidence to charge Smith with a crime. ", "Guap was 18 at the time.", "\n\nSmith, according to city records, resigned the same day the police department sent its investigation to the District Attorney, who declined to file charges later that day.", "\n\nThe 2014 graduate of Oakland’s police academy and his academy classmate James Ta’ai have been identified by sources as the officers who resigned in the wake of the investigation. ", "Two other unnamed officers remain on paid administrative leave.", "\n\nMultiple police sources said Smith and Ta’ai initially denied involvement with Guap.", "\n\nBut their accounts fell apart after Guap willingly gave Oakland internal affairs her cellphone, the sources said.", "\n\nThe remaining officers being investigated could be terminated or face other discipline for lying to investigators, violating police department rules, general conduct or damaging the department’s reputation.", "\n\nThe alleged sexual misconduct surfaced in September after Oakland police Officer Brendan O’Brien shot himself to death, leaving behind a note accusing officers of having relationships with Guap.", "\n\nShe has declined to comment.", "\n\nAn apparent botched investigation by Oakland internal affairs over the allegations caught the attention of the federal monitor who oversees the department, which opened its own investigation.", "\n\nThe Oakland Police Department, the federal monitor and the Alameda District Attorney’s Office continue to investigate the allegations between officers and Guap.", "\n\nLast month, civil rights attorney John Burris said key questions of who knew what and when remain unanswered. ", "He characterized the officers in question as a fraternity that passes around the same girl, does “it for fun” and covers up for one another.", "\n\nMayor Libby Schaaf, while not naming specific officers but discussing the case, expressed anger.", "\n\n“In this case, the conduct that we don’t tolerate is not just the sexual misconduct that has caught everyone’s attention, but the lying about it and the tolerance of it,” Schaaf said.", "\n\nIn a related development late Thursday, multiple sources confirmed that police Chief Sean Whent will be leaving his post immediately. ", "The news was expected to be announced at an 11 a.m. news conference Friday.", "\n\nDavid DeBolt covers Oakland. ", "Contact him at 510-208-6453. ", "Follow him at Twitter.com/daviddebolt." ]

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[ "List of bus routes in Pittsburgh\n\nThe Port Authority's bus system covers Allegheny County, and its service extends into small portions of neighboring Beaver, Butler, and Westmoreland counties. ", "These counties also have their own transit systems, including several routes that run into Downtown Pittsburgh, where riders can make connections with Port Authority service.", "\n\nRoute renumbering and realignments\nFrom 1964 to 2010, the Port Authority used an alphanumeric numbering system. ", " With the renumbering and realignments outlined in the Transit Development Plan in 2009, the present numbering system was adopted in April 2010.", "\n\nLight rail and busways are designated by the following colors:\n Red Line—former 42S South Hills Village via Beechview light rail route\n Blue Line—former 47S South Hills Village via Overbrook and 47L Library via Overbrook light rail routes\n Brown Line—former 52 Allentown light rail route (eliminated in 2011)\n Green—bus routes using the West Busway, designated with a 'G'\n Purple—bus routes using the Martin Luther King Jr. East Busway, designated with a 'P'\n Orange—bus routes using the I-279 HOV lane, designated with an 'O'\n Yellow—bus routes using the South Busway, designated with a 'Y'\n\nAs a result of the Transit Development Plan and a series of service cuts, many routes have been reworked or eliminated.", "\n\nBus routes\n\nBus operations\nRoute numbers operating seven days a week including holidays (4 am to 2 am daily) are listed in Blue. ", "On most of the daily bus routes, they operate on a 60-minute interval after 7 pm Monday through Saturday and all day on Sunday and Holidays.", "\nRoute numbers operating Monday through Saturday with limited or no holiday hours (5 am to 10 pm weekdays; 7 am to 7 pm Saturdays) are listed in Red\nRoute numbers operating Monday through Friday only (5 am to 7 pm) are listed in Bold.", "\nAll other plain (non-bold) routes operate Monday through Friday during peak periods only (approx: 6 am to 9 am and 3 pm to 6 pm).", "\n\nLocal routes\n\nFlyer routes\n\nEliminated services\n\nDiscontinued routes\n\nBus routes that are discontinued from the lineup and integrated into other one or more route(s) throughout PAT's history include:\n\nFormer special services\nPort Authority operated special park and ride shuttles to Steelers' games and other stadium events from 1967-2011. ", " Routes with an \"S\" were for servicing one time events.", "\n\nSee also\n List of streetcar routes in Pittsburgh\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nPort Authority of Allegheny County website\nPittsburgh's transit history\n\n \nCategory:Transportation in Pittsburgh\n \nCategory:Intermodal transportation authorities in Pennsylvania\nPittsburgh\nCategory:Pennsylvania transportation-related lists\nCategory:Transportation in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nQuestion regarding the initial stack symbol in Push Down Automaton\n\nLet $L = \\{a^nb^n : n \\geq 0\\} \\cup \\{a\\}$, where $\\Gamma = x, \\$, \\Sigma = \\{a, b\\}$, we have the NPDA of $L$ in three states:\n\nIn the above state diagram, I can break the transtion $\\lambda, \\lambda \\rightarrow \\$$ by creating another initial state, but my question is if I put it in the loop together is it still ok? ", "\nSince the notation of Peter Linz's book is so confusing, I have to borrow Micheal Sipser's book notations for this problem. ", "The idea of PDA is as follows:\n\nRead nothing, push $ onto stack\n - Read an $a$, push $x$ onto stack.", "\n - Read a $b$, pop $x$ out of stack. ", "\n - Special case is when reading an $a$, push \\$ onto stack and move to state $q_1$, then from $q_1$ read nothing, pop \\$ out of stack and go to accepting state.", "\n\nDoes this PDA looks reasonable at all?", "\nThank you.", "\n\nA:\n\nCouldn’t your NDPA erroneously accept $aab$ by the following sequence?", "\n\nread $a$ and push $x$ onto the stack;\nread nothing and push $\\$$;\nread $a$ and push $x$;\nread nothing and transfer to state $q_1$;\nread $b$ and pop $x$;\nread nothing, pop $\\$$, and transfer to state $q_2$.\n\n(By the way, shouldn’t the bottom label be $a,\\lambda\\to\\$$, not $a,\\lambda,\\$$?)", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Brussels standoff over markets regulator\n\nSome people are out to clip the wings of Europe’s Paris-based markets watchdog.", "\n\nThe campaign against the European Securities and Markets Authority — led by the European Parliament and a group of countries — is intended to stop the apolitical, technocratic body from expanding its mandate.", "\n\nIt is intended to water down, possibly derail, proposals pushed by the European Commission in Brussels that bite into financial rule-making powers currently held by national authorities. ", "The Commission says its plans to boost ESMA are necessary to stabilize Europe’s financial system.", "\n\nESMA has already gained greater powers with the launch of a major revision of market rules (known by the unlovely acronym MiFID II). ", "Under the oversight of Steven Maijoor, a low-key but ambitious Dutch financial regulator,the agency has significantly expanded its remit since its birth in 2011.", "\n\nLast year, the Commission proposed to give it a bigger budget and staff. ", "Unveiling the proposals in September, Valdis Dombrovskis, the Commission vice president for financial services, said the EU should “act as one player … More integrated financial supervision will make the economic and monetary union more resilient.”", "\n\nESMA is critical to the French capital’s push to become the EU’s post-Brexit financial center.", "\n\nThe proposals have irked many EU countries, particularly Ireland and Luxembourg, which don’t want to get big-footed by a stronger ESMA. ", "All parties in the Parliament, from left to right, appear to be opposed. ", "The German MEPs who are leading the negotiations sound the most aggrieved by the proposals.", "\n\n“It will be tough to get it through before the end of this mandate [in 2019]. ", "I’m afraid it will take a lot of debate, a lot of discussions between political groups, the Commission, the industry and with national supervisors,” said Wolf Klinz, a German MEP from the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.", "\n\nCity on the Seine\n\nThe Paris-based agency does have a powerful backer in France. ", "The head of the French regulator AMF, Robert Ophèle, said in November that financial supervision in the EU should be carried out by one European authority, calling the strengthening of ESMA’s role an “urgent” necessity.", "\n\nESMA is critical to the French capital’s push to become the EU’s post-Brexit financial center. ", "Late last year, Paris won the race to host the London-based European Banking Authority (EBA) after the U.K. leaves the bloc in 2019. ", "As part of his own drive to reform and revitalize France, President Emmanuel Macron has actively courted financiers to come over to France.", "\n\nThe Commission proposals would be a small step toward turning ESMA into a European version of the powerful U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. ", "It would gain supervisory powers, including on key new regulations for the EU such as on market abuse. ", "It would also be allowed to adopt measures that would restrict the use of certain products it deems to be risky.", "\n\nThese changes would leave ESMA a relative giant among the so-called European Supervisory Authorities, which also include the EBA and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), the insurance equivalent of ESMA.", "\n\nESMA’s staffing would jump by 156, almost doubling its current 200 employees. ", "For ESMA, 97 of those additional staff members will work on supervisory tasks. ", "Additional IT costs, estimated at €10.2 million for 2019-2020, and translation costs, estimated at €1.8 million, would also be covered for the three ESAs. ", "The changes would put ESMA way ahead of its two counterparts — the EBA is proposed to get 29 employees in addition to its current 150 or so staff members, while EIOPA is slated to add 35 to its current 140.", "\n\nFor ESMA, this is welcome news, of course. ", "It vindicates seven years of its efforts to find its feet as a new supervisor.", "\n\nThe agency hasn’t been shy about asking for more. ", "Maijoor on several occasions has called for ESMA to be granted more authority in areas such as supervisory convergence and oversight of non-EU firms. ", "The revised MiFID has put it front and center in implementing changed trading and transparency rules for all firms, ranging from banks to pension funds.", "\n\nGerman blowback\n\nThe big concern for MEPs and member countries is where this leaves the national competent authorities — the 28 EU national regulators that make up ESMA’s board (plus the three EEA non-voting members).", "\n\nCertain countries in the Council and Parliament are looking to change the Commission’s proposal on overhauling the ESAs by watering down the extra powers foreseen for ESMA.", "\n\n“I’ve been critical of the strengthening of ESMA’s powers from the beginning,” said Burkhard Balz, a German EPP member and rapporteur for the file in the Parliament. “", "ESMA is definitely in the middle of the interest [in the ESAs file].”", "\n\n“The reception has not been too positive across the board,” said Klinz. “", "The national supervisors feel they are in close contact with the industry and know best. ", "They’re afraid now the European super institution will tell them what to do and how. ", "They feel they’ll in a way be degraded.”", "\n\nAccording to a spokesperson for Germany’s finance ministry, the case for a “fundamental shift towards a more centralized model” in the Commission’s proposal has not been sufficiently made.", "\n\n“We need high supervisory quality without additional, expensive bureaucracy, but we do not believe that the Commission’s proposals live up to this,” the spokesperson added. “", "Making the European Supervisory Authorities ‘supervisors of the supervisors’ will slow down decision-making and lead to rising costs for firms without any benefit.”", "\n\nTo house its extra employees, it looks like ESMA will get a new home, too. ", "The watchdog has put out multiple tenders asking for a property advisory firm to help it in its search for future premises, relocating from its current headquarters in the posh Invalides neighborhood of Paris.", "\n\nThe Parliament’s rapporteurs are set to publish a report on the Commission’s proposals soon, and the Council will discuss the file under the Bulgarian presidency over the next six months. ", "The topic will be prioritized in the Council, and the Parliament’s first debate on the proposals took place last week. ", "But given the backlash, it’s unclear if and when the three-way discussions between the two and the Commission will begin — the final process to formalize the proposals.", "\n\nThe only thing certain is that conversations are expected to be thorny — like in earlier meetings of finance ministers.", "\n\nG127\n\nWhat is the reason Germany wants to maintain control I wonder: if their regulator (and other national regulators) are honestly good at what they do I see no reason why it should be more centralised. ", "But if this is more a matter of preventing actual regulation (like during Dieselgate) a stronger regulator might be a good option.", "\n\nPosted on 1/31/18 | 8:27 AM CET\n\nwow\n\nDear France.", "\n\nWhy always trying to be someone else? ", "You are lovely the way you are , but you are not London and never will be. ", "Remember that time you wanted be the ‘new japan’… had to devalue your currency to 10 cent on the dollar. ", "It was a nightmare you keep repeating the same mistake trying to force private businesses to do things they are never going to do:\n\nFrom the new york times 1982:\n\nESSAY; THE BATTLE OF POITIERS – New York Times\nBy William Safire\nPublished: November 22, 1982\n\n‘The Second Battle of Poitiers is now being fought. ", "France’s Socialist Government, determined to protect the video tape recording market from the invading Japanese, selected Poitiers to be the customs bottleneck. ", "In that small town, tens of thousands of video tape recorders built in Japan and avidly sought by French customers are currently stacking up in warehouses. ", "A handful of customs inspectors, hand-picked for slowness, has cut the clearances from 100,000 per month down to 8,000. ", "Francois the Hammer – is out to ensnarl Japanese producers in red tape while a company owned by the French Government can produce video tape recorders locally……Now the French binge has led to a sober second thought and a huge hangover afflicts the nation. ", "The trade balance is deeply in the red. ", "Only two years ago, the franc used to be worth an American quarter – soon, after an expected third devaluation, the franc will hardly be worth much more than a dime.’", "\n\nStop being silly.", "\n\nLove UK.", "\n\nPosted on 1/31/18 | 9:21 AM CET\n\nty\n\nto compare European regulators to the SEC you need to add in all the national regulators, staff and budget. ", "The UK FCA has a budget of £452m and many responsibilities are with the bank of england.", "\n\nPosted on 1/31/18 | 10:19 AM CET\n\nty\n\nor the german regulator BanFin with 2535 employees alone….The EU is not a country like the USA. ", "there is no comparison between the SEC and ESMA…..Europe has far higher regulator budgets and people than the USA…..\n\nPosted on 1/31/18 | 11:41 AM CET\n\nAntoine\n\nIt is no surprise main opponents are the tax heavens of EU (Ireland, Luxemburg…) for hidden motives.", "\n\nThe reality is that if the EU is going to be efficient it needs to reduce red tape and reduce unethical and fraudulent activities.", "\n\nAs shown with many EU institutions, there is no better way than to harmonise rules and centralise the regulatory body. ", "You then replace 28 (27) regulatory bodies by 1 and you avoid/limit value destroying activities. ", "Big efficiency, big savings.", "\n\nOf course, it is also important to have the right rules and this should be negotiated and agreed but there again, you simplify enormously regulations by having one set of rules rather than 28 (27).", "\n\nThis is common sense and is only resisted by lobbies with specific interests which put them ahead of the general interest.", "\n\nParis, elsewhere? ", "As the many agencies of the EU have shown, to base it in Paris or elsewhere does not make it unfair. ", "The EMA based in London has never given privilege to UK pharma companies.", "\n\nThis is all about reforming the EU. ", "Transforming it into a fair level playing field instead of a battlefield where the rules are to beggar thy neighbour.", "\n\nIf we reform the EU, it will make it more attractive to the UK and it may well rejoin…\n\nPosted on 1/31/18 | 1:43 PM CET\n\nJPM\n\n@Antoine “If we reform the EU, it will make it more attractive to the UK and it may well rejoin…”\n\nIf that were a concern the EU’s behaviour would be markedly different…\n\nInstead, it seems that the EU’s legalistic and ill-humoured approach will guarantee an ever more distant relationship.", "\n\nPosted on 1/31/18 | 2:30 PM CET\n\nSaintixe\n\nDear @wow\n\nFrance is not here to be lovely for you, foreigners!", "\n\nIt has to be sharp, surgical. ", "efficient. ", "It needs to improve its fiscal, finances, economy managements. ", "It must belong to the 21st century and not a romantic past possible satisfactory for you but certainly pretty useless – in fact certainly worthless for its citizens.", "\n\nFrance is not here to be patronized. ", "France is back, slowly but steadily getting rid of all the hogwash of socialist idealism. ", "When Socialism starts putting butter in one’s spinach without having to borrow somebody else money and without bankrupting my pocket book, we shall look at lovely. ", "No more before.", "\nTypical AngloSaxon disrespect.", "\n\nPosted on 1/31/18 | 2:50 PM CET\n\nwow\n\n@Saintixe\n\nYou say typical anglo-saxon disrespect but france is trying to be like London. ", "Macron stated it explicitly.", "\n\nWhat do you call someone who dislikes what they are trying to copy?", "\n\nEnvious/Jealous/Insecure…\n\nIt’s not a good look for you!", "\n\nMake your mind up.", "\n\nIt’s also silly it took half a millenium to make London. ", "No amount of money would turn over 500 years of history. ", "If the UK started saying ‘after brexit WE in UK will be CULINARY MASTERS much better than French food!’ ", "you would quite rightly laugh. ", "It is not our history, it is France’s great achievement.", "\n\nForgive me while I laugh… but you are all sounding very very silly right now.", "\n\nPosted on 1/31/18 | 3:24 PM CET\n\nsgu66\n\nSaintixe\n\nBut I thought the story was about an EU institution, not France? ", "After all, has France actually changed at all under Macron? ", "Does it now meet all of the relevant EU standards? ", "Is it now a driving world economy? ", "If so, then please explain why the UK is any different? ", "If not then surely the UK is in a better place?", "\n\nPosted on 1/31/18 | 3:49 PM CET\n\nSaintixe\n\n@sgu66\n@wow\n\nSince I believe Britain has quite a sharp business mind, I have no issue at admitting envy. ", "Not jealousy. ", "Envy. ", "I wish France was more of the same.", "\n40 years of rampant socialism leave a deep wound.", "\nGo on, have a go at the demented socialism which jas about ruined my country. ", "I shall clap as in standing ovation for you guys.", "\nMartine Aubry is a nutter. ", "Hollande a posse petit when it comes to intellect etc etc\nI want my country to rescind from the evil consequences of Mitterand years. ", "Aside the abolition of the death penalty.", "\n\nBut lively is wrong. ", "Yes it took 500 ys to build the City. ", "And it will take quite a few generations to improve our mental outlook on the world of finances\n\nBut why should this intellectual challenge be denied to us on the ground… we are good at cooking?", "\n\nAre you serious guys?.If this is not disrespect and patronizing, I really wonder as in which world you live.", "\n\nFrance is not one year in Provence. ", "You may entertain a quaint vision of France. ", "But it never existed. ", "Never.", "\n\nThough I grant you we love our baguettes.", "\n\nPosted on 1/31/18 | 4:32 PM CET\n\nMerci Buttercups\n\nSame old France will champion European solidarity always, thinly veiled as what’s best for France and Macrons ego.", "\nThe minnows of Europe will become increasingly frustrated by the double standards. ", "France will always put their own interests first and I don’t blame them for doing so, but please don’t make out its for the greater good, because it’s clearly not, you cheeky chappies.", "\n\nPosted on 1/31/18 | 9:55 PM CET\n\nHoser\n\n@Saintixe\nDid Mitterand invent dirigisme? ", "I think not. ", "Curious that English must reach for the French word to express the idea. ", "We’re all watching Macron closely, of course. ", "But it is rather early days’ wouldn’t you say?" ]

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[ "Cairo Jazz Club\n\nCairo Jazz Club is an Egyptian music hub located in Cairo featuring musical performances and serving food and bar selections. ", "It opens room for new talents, while hosting international artists. ", "The club hosts a different event every day, covering various genres, in addition to the occasional themed nights.", "\n\nHistory\nThe club was founded in 2001 by Akram El Sherif, Alexander Rizk and Ammar Dajani to develop an independent music scene in Egypt. ", "The club started out with only one live night a week every Thursday. ", "To increase exposure, CJC reached out to local media, and Egypt Today was a media sponsor of the first CJC Festival.", "\n\nCJC’s original bands included the Riff Band, Eftekesat and Yehia Khalil. ", "As the bands grew in number, more live nights were added with a more concentrated music direction for each night.", "\n\nCairo Jazz Club Agency\nLater in 2010, Cairo Jazz Club Agency was established as an independent entity of Cairo Jazz Club to enhance the live music scene in Egypt. ", "It worked on cultural events, organizing festivals, booking artists, managing performances for venues and initiating music workshops.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Music hall" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a combination weighing device and a combination weighing and packaging system. ", "More particularly, the present invention relates to a combination weighing device and a combination weighing and packaging system that weighs each type of a plurality of types of articles, and then conducts combination weighing based upon their weights.", "\n2. ", "Background Information\nA combination weighing device that mixes and discharges a plurality of types of articles, e.g., one that conducts xe2x80x9cmixedxe2x80x9d weighing, is typically used on frozen food or snack food production lines. ", "With this type of combination weighing device, a plurality of types of articles are each divided into portions having a predetermined weight or quantity, mixed together, and then discharged therefrom as a combination article.", "\nWith these types of combination weighing devices, quality management must be performed on the articles discharged from these devices because they are mainly used on production lines that handle food. ", "Quality management involves randomly checking the quality, the weight, and other characteristics of each respective article that makes up the combination article. ", "In addition, it is also necessary to keep each respective article that was sampled for a predetermined period of time so that problems with quality can be traced back to their source.", "\nHowever, in order to confirm the quality, weight and other characteristics of each respective article in a mixed article, they must be first sorted by hand, and this process consumes a great deal of time and labor. ", "In addition, because the sorting is conducted by hand, there are times when article sorting will not be carried out properly, and mistakes will occur.", "\nIt is therefore an object of the present invention to make the task of managing the quality of the combination articles easier.", "\nAccording to one aspect of the present invention, a combination weighing device weighs each type of a plurality of types of articles, and then carries out a combination weighing based upon the weights of the plurality of types of articles. ", "The combination weighing device comprises a calculation means, a normal discharge means, a sample selection means, and a sample discharge means. ", "The calculation means conducts a mixed combination weighing of the plurality of types of the plurality of articles weighed according to a predetermined ratio. ", "A normal discharge means discharges the articles selected by the calculation means. ", "A sample selection means selects a specific type of article from amongst the plurality of types of articles selected by the calculation means. ", "A sample discharge means discharges the specific type of article selected by the sample selection means.", "\nIn this combination weighing device, a plurality of types of a plurality of articles are weighed, and then based upon their weights, are combined and then discharged by the normal discharge means. ", "On the other hand, if the quality, weight, or other characteristics of each type of article are to be checked, a specific type of article to be checked is selected by the sample selection means. ", "The specific type of article selected by the sample selection means is discharged as a random inspection sample by the sample discharge means.", "\nHere, when each type of article handled by a combination weighing unit is to be randomly inspected, the specific type of article selected will be discharged. ", "This eliminates the need to manually sort that type of article from the combination article in order to inspect it, and makes the work of quality management easier.", "\nIn addition, when expensive types of articles are used, and samples are discharged in the mixed state, the expensive articles are discharged at the same time.", "\nIf the sample inspection is to occur on a type of article other than the expensive type, the expensive type of article will be wasted and thus cost the manufacturer money. ", "However, with the combination weighing device of the present invention, a sample inspection can be performed more inexpensively because it can discharge the specific type of article desired to be inspected.", "\nAccording to another aspect of the present invention, the sample selection means selects a plurality of specific types of articles from amongst the plurality of types of articles.", "\nHere, the sample selection means selects a plurality of types of articles from amongst the plurality of types of articles handled by the combination weighing device. ", "Because of this, a plurality of types of articles to be mixed together by the combination weighing device can be separately discharged as samples. ", "In addition, all of the types of articles handled by the combination weighing device can be selected; and this makes it possible to separately discharge all of the types of articles to be discharged from the combination weight device as samples. ", "This allows flexibility in the type of inspections to be carried out.", "\nAccording to another aspect of the present invention, the sample discharge means individually and serially discharges each type of article.", "\nHere, specific types of articles can be separately discharged. ", "This eliminates the need to manually sort the types of articles to be inspected, and thus makes the work of quality management easier.", "\nIn addition, individual units from the types of articles one wants to inspect can be discharged. ", "For example, articles that are very sticky easily create discrepancies in weight because they often stick to the combination weighing device and are not discharged therefrom. ", "Furthermore, manually sorting them from other types of articles that they are combined with is very difficult. ", "By separately discharging these sticky articles, their inspection becomes even easier.", "\nAccording to another aspect of the present invention, the combination weighing device further comprises a switching means. ", "During normal operations, the switching means switches between article discharge by means of the normal discharge means and article discharge by means of the sample discharge means.", "\nIn this combination weighing device, when switching is to occur by means of the switching means during normal operations, normal operations will be suspended, and the sample discharge means will discharge a sample.", "\nHere, a sample can be discharged during normal operations. ", "This allows samples to be obtained at arbitrary times during normal operations. ", "Thus, because it is possible to inspect samples taken during normal operations, inspections that conform to reality are made possible.", "\nAccording to another aspect of the present invention, the switching means discharges the articles by means of the normal discharge means after discharging the articles by means of the sample discharge means.", "\nHere, the combination weighing device returns to normal operations after a sample has been discharged. ", "Thus, because articles can be discharged as samples without stopping the operation of the combination weighing device, the samples can be inspected without stopping the production line.", "\nAccording to another aspect of the present invention, the combination weighing device further comprises a reservation means that reserves a selection by means of the sample selection means. ", "In addition, the sample selection means makes a selection based upon the reservation in the reservation means.", "\nHere, because sample discharge can be programmed to occur in advance, the samples can be discharged automatically and reliably.", "\nAccording to another aspect of the present invention, the reservation means can schedule a selection to be made at a particular time, at fixed time periods, each time a predetermined number of articles have been discharged by the normal discharge means, or as a predetermined percentage of each production run of articles.", "\nHere, samples can be discharged based upon fixed criteria. ", "In addition, it becomes possible to periodically discharge samples according to the criteria stored in the reservation means. ", "In other words, it becomes possible to conduct inspections according to the settings entered in the reservation means, and also allows flexibility in inspections. ", "Thus, this makes it possible to reliably conduct periodic inspections of discharged samples to check the quality thereof. ", "In addition, it also becomes possible to ensure that quality problems with the articles can be traced.", "\nAccording to another aspect of the present invention, the combination weighing device further comprises a sample sorting device that sorts the articles that are discharged by the sample discharge means.", "\nThe sample sorting means sorts articles discharged when the sample discharge means is employed to a discharge area that is different from that used during normal operations.", "\nHere, articles discharged during normal operations can be clearly distinguished from samples because the sample sorting means is provided herein. ", "Thus, it becomes unnecessary to distinguish between and sort normally discharged articles and samples.", "\nAccording to another aspect of the present invention, a combination weighing and packaging system comprises a combination weighing device and a packaging device. ", "The packaging device packages and discharges articles discharged from the combination weighing unit.", "\nLike the articles discharged during normal operations, this combination weighing and packaging system also packages samples in the packaging device that have been discharged from the combination weighing device.", "\nHere, because the articles discharged from the combination weighing device are packaged, the samples can be both handled and sorted with ease. ", "In particular, even when sorting occurs downstream of the combination weighing device and the packaging device, the sorting is made easier because the samples are packaged. ", "In addition, packaging the samples prevents them from being scattered and spilled around the vicinity of the devices. ", "Moreover, storing the samples is made easier, and tracing quality problems with the articles is made even easier and more reliable.", "\nAccording to another aspect of the present invention, the combination weighing and packaging system further comprises a weight checker that measures the weights of the articles packaged by the packaging device.", "\nIn this system, it can be confirmed whether or not the weights of each packaged article is within a predetermined weight range because the weights of the packaged articles can be confirmed by the weight checker. ", "For example, because the weight of an article that will be used as a sample will be lighter than a combination article discharged during normal operations, it becomes possible to check the weight of each article and sort them according to whether they are normal articles or samples. ", "Note also that because the weight checker is permanently disposed on the production line as a weight inspection device that checks all of the articles, a new device that distinguishes between sample articles and articles discharged during normal operations is not required.", "\nThese and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses a preferred embodiment of the present invention." ]

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[ "Detection of multiple forms of human ceruloplasmin. ", "A novel Mr 200,000 form.", "\nThree polypeptides with apparent Mr = 200,000, 135,000, and 115,000, reacting with antibody to human ceruloplasmin (Cp), were consistently found in sera of normal adult and newborn subjects, patients with Wilson's disease, as well as in the oxidase-active fraction of purified human Cp, resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ", "The concentrations of the three Cp polypeptides were proportional to the total Cp oxidase activity measured in whole serum. ", "Peptide mapping revealed that the three Cp polypeptides were closely related. ", "Cross-linking of Cp135 resulted in dimers with electrophoretic mobility similar to that of Cp200. ", "A common shift in electrophoretic mobility following N-glycanase treatment indicated that all three polypeptides were N-glycosylated, and that the apparent differences in molecular mass could not be related to the carbohydrate moiety. ", "Immunoprecipitates of cell lysates of [35S]cysteine labeled HepG2 cells revealed the presence of two species of newly synthesized Cp polypeptides, Mr 200,000 and 135,000, which were secreted into the media. ", "Secretion of Cp200 by the human liver appears to be physiologic and may be the result of posttranslational modification of Cp135." ]

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[ "Beautiful brunette loves to ride cock and get cum fi...\n\nTags: Models: Channel:" ]

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[ "The heart of a love song is in the embrace of loss, in this masochist cuddling with what we no longer have, in the preciousness of memory wrapped in grace and anger.", "\n\nGrief therapy is the exorcism of the other. ", "The rejection of the body translated into a liberating vomit, a spasm of growth and learning.", "\n\nThe Thunder & Co are a Portuguese dance music band leaning to the emotional which sound is characterised by rocking beats wrapped in mournful chords and tense environments.", "\n\nRomeu Runa embodies unlike any other these boderline states of existence, extends the feeling until such time as it comes off of us to gain life. ", "Blending beauty and discomfort in a poem that floats in space.", "\n\nThis video reinforces Solid Dogma´s advertised positioning to combine the ability to create and produce based on an artistic approach in expression and talent sourcing." ]

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[ "Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma.", "\nLiver cancer remains one of the most common causes of cancer death globally, and its cure rate has not improved for the past 20 years. ", "Hepatocellular carcinoma develops in patients with cirrhosis of any etiology. ", "Patients with cirrhosis are thus usually included in screening program aiming to achieve early detection and effective treatment for HCC. ", "Only those patients diagnosed with HCC who would benefit with the available treatment, should undergo the screening procedure. ", "This is based on ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein every 3-6 months based on the prevalence and economic status of the community being tested." ]

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[ "Most\nof the people of south-eastern part of the Chamoli district, Uttaranchal live\nin remote areas and usually depend on the traditional medicines. ", "The present\ninvestigation has brought to light some popular and frequently used prescription\nfor domestic animals. ", "In all, 72 plants important in ethnoveterinary, their\nmode of preparations and applications to the diseases and disorders are given." ]

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[ "Millsap Lake Group\n\nThe Millsap Lake Group is a geologic group in Texas. ", "It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.", "\n\nSee also\n\n List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Texas\n Paleontology in Texas\n\nReferences\n \n\nCategory:Carboniferous Texas" ]

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[ "Entry Level Office Clerk\n\nManpower of Morgantown is seeking Entry Level Office Clerks. ", "Job duties include: data entry, sorting and filing. ", "Candidates must have basic computer and math skills. ", "Candidates must be available to work Mon-Fri 8am-4:30pm. ", "The pay rate is $9.00/hour to start. ", "Please apply online at Manpower.com or send your resume to Morgantown.wv@manpower.com.", "\n\nWho is Manpower?", "\n\nLocally owned, but globally connected, Manpower is a full service staffing and human resources company that provides thousands of jobs every year across West Virginia, Ohio and Kentucky. ", "Manpower provides recruitment and assessment, training and development, career management, outsourcing and workforce solutions across the region.", "\n\nFor more information on exciting local employment opportunities and to register with us, please visit www.Manpower.com or follow us on Facebook at Manpower WV.", "\n\nManpower is an EEO/AA/ADA/Veterans employer\n\nManpower Canada\n\nThis Job no longer available\n\nPostedDecember 21, 2017\n\nEntry Level Office Clerk\n\nIndustry\n\nAdmin and Secretarial\n\nAdvert ID\n\nUSA_396412\n\nLocation\n\nMorgantown\n\nJob Type\n\nTemporary\n\nHours\n\nFull-Time\n\nSalary Range\n\nUp to USD9.00/hr\n\nNo. ", "of Openings\n\n1\n\nBranch Information\n\nContactNumber\n\n304-598-2222\n\nJob Description\n\nManpower of Morgantown is seeking Entry Level Office Clerks. ", "Job duties include: data entry, sorting and filing. ", "Candidates must have basic computer and math skills. ", "Candidates must be available to work Mon-Fri 8am-4:30pm. ", "The pay rate is $9.00/hour to start. ", "Please apply online at Manpower.com or send your resume to Morgantown.wv@manpower.com.", "\n\nWho is Manpower?", "\n\nLocally owned, but globally connected, Manpower is a full service staffing and human resources company that provides thousands of jobs every year across West Virginia, Ohio and Kentucky. ", "Manpower provides recruitment and assessment, training and development, career management, outsourcing and workforce solutions across the region.", "\n\nFor more information on exciting local employment opportunities and to register with us, please visit www.Manpower.com or follow us on Facebook at Manpower WV." ]

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[ "Design is our art and our passion. ", "Our goal is to create the best WordPress Themes with a pixel-perfect eye for detail and a high standard for aesthetic excellence. ", "Let us help you make your website simple, beautiful and professional.", "\n\nOur plethora of Shortcodes, Page Templates and Theme Options give you full control over your website. ", "Manage your site like never before by using the countless powerful features that come packaged with all of our themes.", "\n\nAvada is the #1 selling WordPress theme on the market. ", "Simply put, it is the most versatile, easy to use multi-purpose WordPress theme. ", "It is truly one of a kind, other themes can only attempt to include the vast network options that Avada includes.", "\n\nAvada is all about building unique, creative and professional websites through industry leading options network without having to touch a line of code. ", "Our amazingly flexible network of options is paired with an easy to use interface that allows anyone from beginner to advanced build beautiful, responsive websites. ", "It is not only a theme, it is a powerful design tool.", "\n\nAll themes look beautiful on every device\n. ", "Your website will scale across mobile, tablet, desktop and more with no need to worry about what device your visitors are using. ", "Your site will look beautiful at all resolutions and on all devices.", "\n\nInstall default widgets with one click. ", "You can replicate the structure and look of our themes Demos with one click, by loading all the widgets just like in the demo.", "\n\nA wide selection of shortcodes is available\n. ", "You can create more dynamic and flexible post and page layouts with the help of columns, tabs, buttons, lists, etc.", "\n\nEvery Themify theme is packed with the best-in-class drag & drop Builder. ", "With Themify Builder, you can create any kind of layout with live preview on the frontend. ", "It comes with many cool effects like parallax scrolling, background video, animations, and more!", "\n\nThemify themes & plugins help you make beautiful responsive WordPress sites, faster and easier than ever before. ", "Style almost every element of the theme from header to footer. ", "Just point and select, and see it live on the preview. ", "No CSS coding required.", "\n\nWe built MOJO Marketplace with one simple goal. ", "To allow anyone to build, brand and grow their online presence. ", "There are thousands of ways to get your website online but it’s hard to understand what is the best solution for you and it shouldn’t be rocket science.", "\n\nAt MOJO Marketplace we have solutions to get you from A-to-Z to get your site up and running. ", "From our one-click installer you can build the foundation to your website, to our logos and themes you can brand your site like a world-class designer and finally you can grow your site with the latest apps, tools and services to blow your competition out of the water!", "\n\nPremium WordPress Themes for businesses of all sizes. ", "Our products help people monetize their website using WordPress. ", "Easy to setup and use. ", "Top-notch support.", "\n\nOur themes and plugins are handcrafted by some of the best developers in the industry. ", "The knowledge and experience runs deep which is reflected in the quality of our products.", "\n\nTo meet the demand of our global customer-base, we provide \"follow-the-sun\" support. ", "This technique allows us to provide round-the-clock customer service (excluding weekends and holidays), literally “following” the sun around the globe.", "\n\nGenesis Delivers Responsive Turnkey Designs\n. ", "You want sleek, professional design — without paying a fortune for it and without fearing instant obsolescence. ", "Genesis’ turnkey designs give you an array of beautiful frames for your content built on HTML5.", "\n\nHow does HTML5 enhance your site? ", "First, it’s the new code standard, which will make your site compatible with future changes to the web. ", "Secondly, it will ensure cross-browser compatibility. ", "HTML5 makes your site mobile-friendly by being responsive, and it will improve your site’s ability to deliver audio and video. ", "And it’s completely extensible — want your site to behave like an app? ", "Go for it. ", "Simply put, HTML5 is your site’s ticket to a truly state-of-the-art design." ]

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[ "1 Comments:\n\nAsh said...\n\nAlthough the article provides the details of this very encouraging news for millions and their loved ones, some details about next steps would be very helpful. ", "What's the typical lead time for a vaccine like this to be released to the market? ", "When can patients expect to benefit from this breakthrough vaccine in various parts of the world?" ]

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[ "{% extends \"baseTemplate/index.html\" %}\n{% load i18n %}\n{% block title %}{% trans \"Server Logs - CyberPanel\" %}{% endblock %}\n{% block content %}\n\n {% load static %}\n {% get_current_language as LANGUAGE_CODE %}\n <!-- ", "Current language: {{ LANGUAGE_CODE }} -->\n\n\n <div class=\"container\">\n <div id=\"page-title\">\n <h2>{% trans \"Server Logs\" %}</h2>\n <p>{% trans \"These are the logs from main server, to see logs for your website navigate to: Websites -> List Websites -> Select Website -> View Logs.\" %}", "</p>\n </div>\n <div class=\"panel col-md-12\">\n <div class=\"panel-body\">\n <h3 class=\"content-box-header\">\n {% trans \"Available Functions\" %}\n </h3>\n <div class=\"example-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"row\">\n <div class=\"col-md-3 btn-min-width\">\n <a href=\"{% url 'serverMail' %}\" title=\"{% trans 'Server Mail' %}\"\n class=\"tile-box tile-box-shortcut btn-primary\">\n <div class=\"tile-header\">\n {% trans \"Server Mail\" %}\n </div>\n <div class=\"tile-content-wrapper\">\n <i class=\"fa fa-key\"></i>\n </div>\n </a>\n </div>\n \n <div class=\"col-md-3 btn-min-width\">\n <a href=\"{% url 'accessLogs' %}\" title=\"{% trans 'Access Logs' %}\"\n class=\"tile-box tile-box-shortcut btn-primary\">\n <div class=\"tile-header\">\n {% trans \"Access Logs\" %}\n </div>\n <div class=\"tile-content-wrapper\">\n <i class=\"fa fa-key\"></i>\n </div>\n </a>\n </div>\n\n <div class=\"col-md-3 btn-min-width\">\n <a href=\"{% url 'errorLogs' %}\" title=\"{% trans 'Error Logs' %}\"\n class=\"tile-box tile-box-shortcut btn-primary\">\n <div class=\"tile-header\">\n {% trans \"Error Logs\" %}\n </div>\n <div class=\"tile-content-wrapper\">\n <i class=\"fa fa-exclamation\"></i>\n </div>\n </a>\n </div>\n\n <div class=\"col-md-3 btn-min-width\">\n <a href=\"{% url 'emaillogs' %}\" title=\"{% trans 'Email Logs' %}\"\n class=\"tile-box tile-box-shortcut btn-primary\">\n <div class=\"tile-header\">\n {% trans \"Email Logs\" %}\n </div>\n <div class=\"tile-content-wrapper\">\n <i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"></i>\n </div>\n </a>\n </div>\n\n <div class=\"col-md-3 btn-min-width\">\n <a href=\"{% url 'ftplogs' %}\" title=\"{% trans 'FTP Logs' %}\"\n class=\"tile-box tile-box-shortcut btn-primary\">\n <div class=\"tile-header\">\n {% trans \"FTP Logs\" %}\n </div>\n <div class=\"tile-content-wrapper\">\n <i class=\"fa fa-upload\"></i>\n </div>\n </a>\n </div>\n \n <div class=\"col-md-3 btn-min-width\">\n <a href=\"{% url 'modSecAuditLogs' %}\" title=\"{% trans 'ModSecurity Audit Logs' %}\"\n class=\"tile-box tile-box-shortcut btn-primary\">\n <div class=\"tile-header\">\n {% trans \"ModSecurity Audit Logs\" %}\n </div>\n <div class=\"tile-content-wrapper\">\n <i class=\"fa fa-upload\"></i>\n </div>\n </a>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n\n </div>\n\n\n{% endblock %}\n" ]

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[ "Organochlorine pesticide residues in sugarbeet pulps and molasses from 16 states, 1971.", "\nSugarbeet pulp and molasses from 57 processing plants in 16 States were sampled for pesticide residues. ", "No molasses samples contained detectable pesticide residues, but about 15 percent of the pulp samples contained low levels of dieldrin, toxaphene, or DDT and its degradation products. ", "Sugarbeet pulp, when used as animal feed, can be a source of pesticidal contamination of human food." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow do you cook flavored pasta?", "\n\nHow do you cook special pasta that is flavored (tomato, squid etc)? ", "Do you salt the water the same way? ", "Should you incorporate less flavorful sauces to not mask the initial flavor of the pasta?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou cook it the same way as you cook \"regular\" pasta.", "\nAs for the sauces, try to keep it related to the flavor of the pasta.", "\nSquid ink pasta should be used with seafood sauces (vongole...)\nFor tomato pasta or spinach pasta, I tend to keep the sauce as light as possible; just olive oil, garlic, little bit of herb as to not hide the pasta colors; no cream sauce, no full-on tomato sauce or ragu sauce.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Article content continued\n\nMaxime easily made Cabinet in Stephen Harper’s first government. ", "Industry was an ideal portfolio for this lawyer who had once worked for a right-wing economic think tank in Montreal. ", "Although doubts persisted about his separatist leanings, he learned his craft and did well in government.", "\n\nWe apologize, but this video has failed to load.", "\n\ntap here to see other videos from our team. ", "Try refreshing your browser, or\n\nThat all came crashing down in a rocambolesque affair involving his former model girlfriend who might have had past ties to biker gangs. ", "Max la Menace had forgotten his briefing papers on a highly sensitive issue at her house and the rest is the stuff of Canadian political lore. ", "Max was sent to the back benches for several years.", "\n\nWhen Stephen Harper won a majority with only a handful of Quebec seats in 2011, Bernier was given a second chance and was back in the game. ", "When the Conservative leadership opened up, Bernier ran a strong campaign and entered the homestretch in the lead of a very large field of candidates.", "\n\nForgetting the classic Mulroneyism that you “dance with the one that brung ya,” Maxime included a full-throated attack on supply management as part of his economic platform. ", "Dairy farmers in his own region got the message and rallied behind lesser-known candidate Andrew Scheer to defeat Bernier by a nose. (", "In a hilarious Press gallery performance a few weeks later, Scheer guzzled from a milk carton and, in French, lauded the low price and fair profit for producers…. ", "while joking he was beholden to no one for his victory).", "\n\nMaxime was, of course, given a key role in Scheer’s shadow cabinet but not for long. ", "He soon began tweeting out his own messages and policies. ", "When it became clear he was taking on Scheer, he was turfed and went on to form his own party. ", "In a year-end interview, he indicated clearly that his main objective was to get back at Scheer, a position that he’s tried to nuance since, now talking about the need to shake up Canadian politics." ]

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[ "import torch.nn as nn\nfrom .single import Attention\n\n\nclass MultiHeadedAttention(nn.", "Module):\n \"\"\"\n Take in model size and number of heads.", "\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, h, d_model, dropout=0.1):\n super().__init__()\n assert d_model % h == 0\n\n # We assume d_v always equals d_k\n self.d_k = d_model // h\n self.h = h\n\n self.linear_layers = nn.", "ModuleList([nn.", "Linear(d_model, d_model) for _ in range(3)])\n self.output_linear = nn.", "Linear(d_model, d_model)\n self.attention = Attention()\n\n self.dropout = nn.", "Dropout(p=dropout)\n\n def forward(self, query, key, value, mask=None):\n batch_size = query.size(0)\n\n # 1) Do all the linear projections in batch from d_model => h x d_k\n query, key, value = [l(x).view(batch_size, -1, self.h, self.d_k).transpose(1, 2)\n for l, x in zip(self.linear_layers, (query, key, value))]\n\n # 2) Apply attention on all the projected vectors in batch.", "\n x, attn = self.attention(query, key, value, mask=mask, dropout=self.dropout)\n\n # 3) \"Concat\" using a view and apply a final linear.", "\n x = x.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.h * self.d_k)\n\n return self.output_linear(x)\n" ]

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[ "Swift Code for NORTHERN BANK LIMITED (TRADING AS DANSKE BANK) Belfast\n\nSwift Codes for NORTHERN BANK LIMITED (TRADING AS DANSKE BANK) , is a unique code of 11 characters. ", "This code is used to transfer money from\nNORTHERN BANK LIMITED (TRADING AS DANSKE BANK) to any other bank and vice-versa. ", "The Swift Code is also used to exchange messages between two banks.", "\n\nThe registration of SWIFT Codes is managed by the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication." ]

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[ "Sigvalue\n\nSigValue Technologies Ltd. is a provider of Telecommunications billing software for the prepaid market; owned by Amdocs.", "\n\nHistory \nSigValue (2000-2016) was founded in Hod Hasharon, Israel in April 2000, by Yuval Mayron and Eli Yardeni. ", "The company initially developed a prepaid solutions for mobile communications.", "\nIt one of the most famous exits in Israeli start-ups since the crises of 2001.", "\n\nSigValue's platform is aimed at service providers in emerging markets, such as Eastern Europe, Africa, Latin America and Asia, where the telecommunications customer base is predominantly composed of mobile prepaid subscribers. ", "SigValue's platform combined the basic functions required for billing and customer care with a service control function, offering a single system that supports multiple networks, multiple services and all lines of business.", "\n\nOn February 7, 2007 SigValue was acquired by Amdocs, a customer management software vendor, for $54 Million USD. ", "Amdocs already owned a 14 percent stake in SigValue. ", "Other investors included: AIG Orion Fund, Holland Ventures, and the Singapore-Israel Industrial R&D Foundation; at the time the company had approximately 75 employees.", "\n\nOn September 1, 2016 amdocs closed SigValue (NBU) and opened a new department called Optima, Optima will be a combination of NBU and comverse kenan. ", "\nsome NBU employees got fired during the change.", "\n\nSee also\n Silicon Wadi\n\nReferences\n\nhttp://www.amdocs.com/news/pages/amdocs-introduces-amdocs-optima.aspx Amdocs Introduces Amdocs Optima\n\nCategory:Software companies of Israel\nCategory:Private equity portfolio companies\nCategory:Hod HaSharon\nCategory:Amdocs" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "1D09C3, an mAb specific for MHC-II.", "\nGPC Biotech AG is developing 1D09C3, an anti-MHC class II (HLA-DR) fully human IgG4 antibody isolated by MorphoSys AG (from its HuCAL library of human antibodies), for the potential treatment of hematological malignancies. ", "In December 2006, positive safety data from two phase I clinical trials were reported. ", "Final phase I data were expected in mid-2007; however, no additional data have been released at the time of publication." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "\n862 P.2d 1354 (1993)\nSTATE of Utah, Plaintiff and Respondent,\nv.\nBojidar G. BAKALOV, Defendant and Petitioner.", "\nNo. ", "930345.", "\nSupreme Court of Utah.", "\nOctober 27, 1993.", "\nJan Graham, Atty. ", "Gen., Joanne C. Slotnik, Asst. ", "Atty. ", "Gen., Salt Lake City, for plaintiff.", "\nAndrew A. Valdez, Carlos A. Esqueda, Ronald S. Fujino, Salt Lake City, for defendant.", "\n\nORDER\nPER CURIAM:\nThe issue before us on this petition for certiorari to the Utah Court of Appeals is whether defendant was denied the right to self-representation at his trial for the crime of rape. ", "The opinion of the court of appeals can be found in State v. Bakalov, 849 P.2d 629 (Utah Ct.", "App.1993). ", "Judge Jackson found no error and would have affirmed the conviction. ", "Judge Orme would have remanded the case to allow the trial court to enter findings, post hoc, on whether defendant knowingly and intelligently waived his right to assistance of counsel. ", "Judge Greenwood, writing the lead opinion, would have reversed and remanded the case for a new trial but reluctantly joined Judge Orme because she considered his choice more palatable than the affirmance favored by Judge Jackson. ", "We conclude that Judge Greenwood's ruling to reverse and remand for a new trial was legally correct. ", "By this order, we grant defendant's petition for certiorari but require no further briefing by the parties.", "\n*1355 Precedent is clear. ", "Defendants who knowingly and intelligently waive their right to assistance of counsel must be allowed to conduct their own defense. ", "The case is remanded to the court of appeals for the reasons relied on by Judge Greenwood:\nThe circumstances existing prior to Dr. Bakalov's trial cannot be recreated. ... [", "T]he trial court never advised Dr. Bakalov of the dangers and disadvantages of self-representation and thus could not then or now assess his responses to that advice.", "\nBakalov, 849 P.2d at 637.[1] Compare State v. Ramirez, 817 P.2d 774 (Utah 1991), where this court stated:\nTo ask the trial court to address the admissibility question now would be to tempt it to reach a post hoc rationalization for the admission of this pivotal evidence. ", "Such a mode of proceeding holds too much potential for abuse. ", "The only fair way to proceed is to vacate defendant's conviction and remand the matter for retrial.", "\nId. at 789. ", "The court of appeals is directed to remand the case to the trial court for a new trial with the following instructions: We hold that the trial court applied the wrong legal standard in predicating Dr. Bakalov's right to self-representation on his best interests and his technical ability to manage his own defense. ", "Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 95 S.Ct. ", "2525, 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975). ", "That error was not harmless. ", "The case is reversed and remanded for a new trial at which Dr. Bakalov may exercise his constitutional right to represent himself if he voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently chooses to do so. ", "The trial court is directed to conduct a colloquy on the record between the court and Dr. Bakalov to insure that he understands the risks of self-representation and thereby waives his constitutional right to assistance of counsel. ", "The court is also urged to appoint standby counsel to preserve Dr. Bakalov's right to self-representation and to preclude subsequent claims of lack of waiver or ineffective assistance of counsel.", "\nNOTES\n[1] Judge Greenwood noted that the trial court had used the wrong legal standard when it concluded that defendant's best interests would not be served by self-representation. ", "849 P.2d at 629.", "\n" ]

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[ "Mobilization of cytoplasmic CE droplets by overexpression of human macrophage cholesteryl ester hydrolase.", "\nThe obligatory first step in the removal of cholesterol from foam cells is the hydrolysis of stored cholesteryl esters (CEs) to release free cholesterol (FC). ", "Neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) catalyzes this hydrolysis, and limiting levels of CEH could play a role in determining the susceptibility to atherosclerosis. ", "We have recently reported the first identification and cloning of cDNA for human macrophage CEH. ", "In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that systematically varied levels of overexpression of human macrophage CEH results in a proportional degree of reduction in cellular CE content in a cell system with known and reproducible amounts of CE accumulation. ", "CEH expression was confirmed by demonstrating the presence of CEH mRNA and protein with an increase in CEH activity. ", "A significant reduction in intracellular lipid droplets was observed in CEH-expressing cells, together with a decrease in cellular CE mass and a 2-fold increase in FC efflux. ", "These results demonstrate that when human macrophage CEH is expressed in lipid-laden cells, hydrolysis and mobilization of CE (stored as lipid droplets) occur. ", "These data establish the possibility that increased CE hydrolysis, mediated by CEH up-regulation, could represent an important mechanism to reduce the cholesterol burden of foam cells." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nUnpredictable results with http.", "Client and goroutines\n\nI'm new to Golang, trying to build a system that fetches content from a set of urls and extract specific lines with regex. ", "The problems start when i wrap the code with goroutines. ", "I'm getting a different number of regex results and many of fetched lines are duplicates.", "\nmax_routines := 3\n\nsem := make(chan int, max_routines) // to control the number of working routines \nvar wg sync.", "WaitGroup\nch_content := make(chan string)\n\nclient := http.", "Client{}\n\nfor i:=2; ; i++ { \n\n // for testing\n if i>5 {\n break\n }\n\n // loop should be broken if feebbacks_checstr is found in content\n if loop_break {\n break\n }\n\n wg.", "Add(1)\n go func(i int) {\n\n defer wg.", "Done()\n\n sem <- 1 // will block if > max_routines\n\n final_url = url+a.tm_id+\"/page=\"+strconv.", "Itoa(i)\n\n resp, _ := client.", "Get(final_url)\n\n var bodyString string \n\n if resp.", "StatusCode == http.", "StatusOK {\n bodyBytes, _ := ioutil.", "ReadAll(resp.", "Body)\n bodyString = string(bodyBytes)\n }\n\n // checking for stop word in content\n if false == strings.", "Contains(bodyString, feebbacks_checstr) {\n\n res2 = regex.", "FindAllStringSubmatch(bodyString,-1)\n for _,v := range res2 {\n ch_content <- v[1]\n }\n\n } else {\n loop_break = true\n }\n\n resp.", "Body.", "Close()\n\n <-sem\n\n }(i)\n}\n\nfor {\n select {\n case r := <-ch_content:\n a.feedbacks = append(a.feedbacks, r) // collecting the data \n case <-time.", "After(500 * time.", "Millisecond):\n show(len(a.feedbacks)) // < always different result, many entries in a.feedbacks are duplicates\n fmt.", "Printf(\".\")", "\n }\n}\n\nAs a result len(a.feedbacks) gives sometimes 130, sometimes 139 and a.feedbacks contains duplicates. ", "If i clean the duplicates the number of results is about half of what i'm expecting (109 without duplicates)\n\nA:\n\nYou're creating a closure by using an anonymous go routine function. ", "I notice your final_url isn't := but = which means it's defined outside the closure. ", "All go routines will have access to the same value of final_url and there's a race condition going on. ", "Some go routines are overwriting final_url before other go routines are making their requests and this will result in duplicates.", "\nIf you define final_url inside the go routine then they won't be stepping on each other's toes and it should work as you expect.", "\nThat's the simple fix for what you have. ", "A more idiomatically Go way to do this would be to create an input channel (containing the URLs to request) and an output channel (eventually containing whatever you're pulling out of the response) and instead of trying to manage the life and death of dozens of go routines you would keep alive a constant amount of go routines that try to empty out the input channel.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nNode.js installation: openssl not installed\n\nI have installed libssl-dev and openssl but I get this when I install node.js:\n> ./configure && make && make install \nChecking for program g++ or c++ : /usr/bin/g++ \nChecking for program cpp : /usr/bin/cpp \nChecking for program ar : /usr/bin/ar \nChecking for program ranlib : /usr/bin/ranlib \nChecking for g++ : ok \nChecking for program gcc or cc : /usr/bin/gcc \nChecking for gcc : ok \nChecking for library dl : yes \nChecking for openssl : not found \nChecking for function SSL_library_init : yes \nChecking for header openssl/crypto.h : yes \nChecking for library rt : yes \nChecking for fdatasync(2) with c++ : yes \n\nOpenssl is not found. ", "But node was installed successfully.", "\nWhy isn't openssl found? ", "Anyone has the same problem?", "\n\nA:\n\n@weng: I had the same problem. ", "The solution was easy: sudo apt-get install pkg-config :)\n\nA:\n\nThis isn't exactly a programming question. ", " Still...\nQuick answer\nThe installer checks for OpenSSL support in two ways. ", " The first check failed for you, the second succeeded. ", " For me, the first check succeeded (see below). ", " Either way works.", "\nLonger answer\nHere's what I got when I built it:\n$ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev\n$ ./configure\nChecking for program g++ or c++ : /usr/bin/g++ \nChecking for program cpp : /usr/bin/cpp \nChecking for program ar : /usr/bin/ar \nChecking for program ranlib : /usr/bin/ranlib \nChecking for g++ : ok \nChecking for program gcc or cc : /usr/bin/gcc \nChecking for gcc : ok \nChecking for library dl : yes \nChecking for openssl : yes \nChecking for library rt : yes \n<---snip--->\n\nPresuming you downloaded node.js v0.2.3 from http://nodejs.org/, the configuration is mostly done by waf in the file wscript.", "\nThe relevant lines are:\n if not Options.options.without_ssl:\n if conf.check_cfg(package='openssl',\n args='--cflags --libs',\n uselib_store='OPENSSL'):\n Options.options.use_openssl = conf.env[\"USE_OPENSSL\"] = True\n conf.env.append_value(\"CPPFLAGS\", \"-DHAVE_OPENSSL=1\")\n else:\n libssl = conf.check_cc(lib='ssl',\n header_name='openssl/ssl.h',\n function_name='SSL_library_init',\n libpath=['/usr/lib', '/usr/local/lib', '/opt/local/lib', '/usr/sfw/lib'],\n uselib_store='OPENSSL')\n libcrypto = conf.check_cc(lib='crypto',\n header_name='openssl/crypto.h',\n uselib_store='OPENSSL')\n\nThe first part is simple enough. ", " It runs pkgconfig. ", " Here is what happens when I do the equivalent by hand:\n $ pkg-config openssl --cflags --libs\n -lssl -lcrypto \n\nThe second set of checks is run if pkg-config fails to confirm the package is installed. ", " In that case, it tries to compile a trivial gcc program which checks for the existence of functions in libcrypt and libssl. ", " If those both succeed, installation continues. ", " If one of them fails, there's a fatal error, and the script bombs out.", "\n\nA:\n\nI Had the same problem using Debian 6. ", "I had to install libcurl4-openssl-dev.", "\nSwitch to root user, or use sudo, then run:\napt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev\n\nThis fixed the problem for me.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Sam Bowne, Ethical Hacking instructor at City College San Francisco has released a crazy video showing two of the latest IPv6 Router Advertisement attacks from the THC-IPv6 attack toolkit. ", "And from what it looks like, these attacks work against both Mac and Microsoft systems.", "\n\nIn the second part of the video, the “Flood_Router26” RA attack first takes down a Mac OS X’s network interface and then throws the Mac into a spinning “Circle of Death”. ", "A Windows XP system hooked to the network went to 100% resource usage and when the 2012 Server is checked, it actually rebooted!", "\n\nMore information about this attack, screenshots, packet captures and instructions can be found here.", "\n\nWARNING! ", "Do not attempt this on a live network!", "\n\nCrazy! ", "Hopefully Apple and Microsoft addresses this issue quick!" ]

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[ "Today’s Politico Morning Agriculture report has this brief note:\n\nSENATE TO TAKE UP WOTUS FIX: The Clean Water Rule’s days could be numbered. ", "The Senate could as early as next week take up a bill from Sen. John Barrasso to require the EPA to withdraw its Clean Water Rule and re-draft the measure with the help of states and other affected groups…The bill has the backing of 46 senators…Given that the House has already passed a similar measure, a “yea” vote from the Senate could signal a quick demise for the rule.", "\n\nThis sent me to try to understand what the Clean Water Rule is about and why so many groups want to get rid of it.", "\n\nIn June, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a final rule defining the Waters of the United States (WOTUS) covered by its regulations. ", "This, as far as I can tell, extends regulatory protection beyond large streams to the small streams that flow into them.", "\n\nOn its website devoted to this rule, the EPA says “The rule ensures that waters protected under the Clean Water Act are more precisely defined, more predictably determined, and easier for businesses and industry to understand.”", "\n\nMaybe so, but I’m having a hard time understanding how the new rules would require agricultural producers to clean up the waste they discharge into local streams.", "\n\nThe agricultural implications are particularly contentious—think of the huge volumes of animal waste delivered to streams by Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) or of pesticides and herbicides running off from mega-farms.", "\n\nBut the EPA insists that there are no changes to the current rules that exempt agriculture from having to protect local water supplies.", "\n\nAgricultural producers evidently do not believe this. ", "They have done everything possible to block the rules and apparently will succeed in this effort.", "\n\nThe strength of the opposition—farm organizations, golf course groups, municipalities—suggests that somewhere in these rules must be restrictions on discharges into water supplies. ", "If so, the Clean Water rules deserve plenty of support.", "\n\nI wish I could find a clear, straightforward explanation of what the WOTUS rules would do. ", "If the rules are overturned, which it looks like they will be, I’m wondering if this is because only lobbyists can understand the details and implications.", "\n\nThis document from the American Water Works Association has useful diagrams illustrating which streams are affected by the EPA’s rules.", "\n\nAre any groups supporting the WOTUS rules? ", "If so, they are very quiet.", "\n\nAddition\n\nThe National Resources Defense Council (NRDC)’s position paper on the failings of the Clean Water Rule" ]

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[ "WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Two buildings at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, were evacuated on Thursday because people may have been exposed to tuberculosis, a hospital spokeswoman said.", "\n\nA small amount of the tuberculosis bacteria may have been released while being transported between two of the hospital’s cancer research buildings, the spokeswoman, Kim Hoppe, said in an email. ", "Tuberculosis, or TB, is a serious airborne infection.", "\n\nBoth buildings were evacuated, and employees who were in the area when the incident occurred have been isolated and will be evaluated by the Fire Department, Hoppe said.", "\n\n“So far, all indications are that no other individuals have been exposed; however, the buildings will remain evacuated until cleared by public safety officials,” Hoppe said.", "\n\nHelicopter footage by a news crew showed about two dozen people standing outside one of the hospital’s buildings, with some dressed in hazmat suits.", "\n\nA spokeswoman for the fire department did not immediately respond to requests for comment.", "\n\nJohns Hopkins Hospital is considered one of the top hospitals in the United States.", "\n\nIn 2016, about 10.5 million people became ill around the world with tuberculosis, and 1.7 million were killed by it. ", "A tiny fraction of those infections and deaths were reported in the United States." ]

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[ "---\nabstract: 'The cryptocurrency market is amongst the fastest-growing of all the financial markets in the world. ", "Unlike traditional markets, such as equities, foreign exchange and commodities, cryptocurrency market is considered to have larger volatility and illiquidity. ", "This paper is inspired by the recent success of using deep learning for stock market prediction. ", "In this work, we analyze and present the characteristics of the cryptocurrency market in a high-frequency setting. ", "In particular, we applied a deep learning approach to predict the direction of the mid-price changes on the upcoming tick. ", "We monitored live tick-level data from $8$ cryptocurrency pairs and applied both statistical and machine learning techniques to provide a live prediction. ", "We reveal that promising results are possible for cryptocurrencies, and in particular, we achieve a consistent $78\\%$ accuracy on the prediction of the mid-price movement on *live* exchange rate of Bitcoins vs US dollars.'", "\nauthor:\n- \nbibliography:\n- 'ref.bib'\ntitle: Ascertaining price formation in cryptocurrency markets with Deep Learning\n---\n\nCryptocurrency; Deep learning; Prediction\n\nIntroduction\n============\n\nHow algorithmic traders use impartial deep learning model and get an efficient prediction of price change is an important question for algorithmic trading. ", "This paper focuses on effectively applying deep neural network on cryptocurrency market trading systems. ", "Our objective is to predict the price changes; we consider both binary (up/down) and multi-class (e.g., degrees of increase/decrease) prediction of price changes.", "\n\nThe cryptocurrency market is a huge emerging market [@Aha13]. ", "There were over $11,641$ exchanges available on the internet as of July 2018 [@Wik18]. ", "Most of them are exchanges of small capitalisation with low liquidity. ", "Exchanges with the highest 24-hour volume are FCoin, BitMEX, and Binance. ", "Bitcoin, as the pioneer and also the market leader, has a market capitalization of over 112 billion USD, and a 24-hour volume over 3.8 billion USD in early July 2018. ", "The cryptocurrency market is one of the most rapidly growing markets in the world, and are also considered one of the most volatile markets to trade in. ", "For example, the price of a single Bitcoin increased significantly, from near zero in 2013 to nearly $19,000$ USD in 2017. ", "For some alt-coins, the price can increase or fall over 50% within a day. ", "Therefore, having a method to accurately predict these changes is a pervasive task, but one that could achieve a long-term profit to cryptocurrency traders.", "\n\nThere are a number of research papers that studied the structure of the limit order book (i.e., the bids at both sides of the market) and, more generally, the micro-structure of the market by using different methods ranging from stochastic to statistical and machine learning approaches [@Hua05; @Alt05; @Fle12; @Bia95]. ", "The objective is to understand the way prices at either side of the market move; motivated by related literature we focus on a particular measure, the *mid-price*, which intuitively captures the average difference between the best ask (the lowest price sellers are willing to accept) and best bid (the highest price buyers are willing to pay). ", "Towards this aim we could, for example, use Markov chains to model the limit order book [@Kel17]. ", "We could view the limit order book as a queuing system with a random process and use birth-and-death chains to model its behaviour. ", "From this perspective, a very intuitive way to explain the mid-price movement is to consider the value of the mid-price as the state of the chain. ", "This value is controlled by the ratio between the probability of birth transitions $p$ and the probability of death transitions $q$. A ratio $p/q$ greater than 1 within a short interval of time indicates that there is a higher chance for birth transitions to happen (more buyers), and the value of the mid-price is expected to increase. ", "Similarly, if the ratio is smaller than $1$, the value of the mid-price is expected to decrease [@Sun09]. ", "The problem with this approach is the way it models the order book, namely, is the limit order book a queuing system? ", "Even if it were, how to correctly simulate the random process and how to accurately estimate $p$ and $q$ become vital questions, with unclear answers, for this approach. ", "In this research, we propose to adopt a deep learning approach to reveal useful patterns from the limit order book. ", "We give answers to a number of very specific technical questions that have to do with this approach; our findings pave the way to the design of novel trading strategies and market estimators. ", "A notable finding is that we can tweak the deep learning tools to achieve a consistent $78\\%$ accuracy on the binary prediction of the movements of the mid-price on the live exchange of BTC-USD.", "\n\nRelated work\n------------\n\nSince the birth of the market, traders have been trying to find accurate models to use to make a profit. ", "Many studies and experiments have been conducted based on statistical modelling of the stock price data. ", "Some studies attempted to model the limit order book by using statistical approaches, such as using Poisson Processes and Hawkes Processes to estimate the next coming order and to model the state of the limit order book [@Abe15; @Mun11].", "\n\nOthers have used machine learning approaches to estimate the upcoming market condition by applying different machine learning models, such as support vector machine (SVM) [@Ker15], convolutional neural network (CNN) [@Tsa17], and recurrent network such as Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) [@Dix18]. ", "These studies show that it is possible to use a data-driven approach to discover hidden patterns within the market. ", "In particular, @Ker15 modelled the high-frequency limit order book dynamics by using SVM. ", "They discovered that some of the essential features of the order book lie on fundamental features, such as price and volume, and time-insensitive features like mid-price and bid-ask spread. ", "In a more recent work, @Sir18 also suggested that there might be some universal features on the stock market’s limit order book that have a non-linear relationship to the price change. ", "They tried to predict the mid-price movement of the next tick by training a neural network using a significant amount of stock data. ", "Their findings suggest that instead of building a stock-specific model, a universal model for all kinds of stock could be built.", "\n\nMost of the studies in the area focus on the traditional stock market like NYSE and NASDAQ [@Gur11]. ", "Many researchers have studied these exchanges for many years. ", "The quality of data and the market environment are more desirable than those of the cryptocurrency market. ", "Although the traditional stock market may provide a less volatile and more regulated environment for traders, the high volatility of the cryptocurrency market may provide a higher potential return. ", "Our research aims to apply the same philosophy to the cryptocurrency market and replicate the findings above. ", "In other words, we try to model the cryptocurrency market by using a data-driven approach. ", "In this paper, experiments are focusing on the engineering side of this approach.", "\n\nUnderstanding price formation through mid-price for cryptocurrencies becomes even harder due to the fact that they are distinct from traditional fiat-based currencies. ", "The latter are usually issued by banks or governments. ", "The only way to create Bitcoins, the currently dominant cryptocurrency, is to run a computationally intensive algorithm to add new blocks to the blockchain. ", "People who participate in this processing will verify transactions on the blockchain, and try to earn Bitcoins as the reward of adding new blocks. ", "These people are usually referred to as Bitcoins miners. ", "The protocol of the Bitcoin fixed its total supply at 21 million [@Nak08]. ", "Every transaction on the blockchain is protected by a cryptographic hash algorithm called SHA-256. ", "It is a computational intensive hash algorithm that is implemented to verify blocks on the blockchain. ", "For instance, if a counterfeiter wants to forge a block on the blockchain, they will also need to redo all the hashing before that block. ", "This property provides a trustless foundation for Bitcoin because neither an individual nor an institution can counterfeit the currency or the transaction unless it has a computational power in excess of the majority of the network [@Nak08]. ", "Multi-label prediction is widely used in image processing, character recognition and forecasting of decisions or time series. ", "Complex trading strategies might require more than binary classification. ", "One may use the status box method to measure different stock statuses such as turning point, flat box and up-down box [@Zha16] in order to reflect the relative position of the stock and classify whether the state coincides with the stock price trend. ", "In this research, we propose to use the transaction fee as a threshold to decide whether the designated cryptocurrency market has a long or short signal. ", "When prediction of price movement is under transaction fee, it means in the next trading cycle the market falls in a ’Buffer area’ where the market is in a relatively stable position.", "\n\nRoadmap\n-------\n\nThe paper is organized as follows. ", "In Section \\[sec:dl\\], we provide a brief overview of the tools adopted, including deep learning, limit order books and data sources we used. ", "In Section \\[sec:exp\\], we design experiments to address our research questions. ", "In Section \\[sec:lim\\], we give a brief discussion of the validity of our findings. ", "Section \\[sec:con\\] gives a conclusion of this paper.", "\n\nOur tools {#sec:dl}\n=========\n\nIn this section, we first review the background of deep learning and limit order books, before introducing an overview of the trading system where our prediction model is trained on.", "\n\nDeep Learning\n-------------\n\nArtificial neural networks are computational algorithms mimicking biological neural systems, such as the human brain. ", "These algorithms are designed to recognize and generalize patterns from the input, and remember them as weights in the neural network. ", "The basic unit of a neural network is a neuron; a simple neural network, which is a conglomeration of neurons, is called Perceptron.", "\n\nThe network used in this paper is a type of recurrent neural network called Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) [@Hoc97]. ", "This is distinct from the feed-forward neural network such as Perceptrons, since the output of the neural network sends feedback to the input and affects the subsequent output. ", "Therefore, LSTM is better suited for handling sequential data where the previous data can have an impact on subsequent data; this, in principle, works well for time series data for price prediction and forecasting.", "\n\n{width=\"0.7\\columnwidth\"}\n\nAn LSTM cell contains a few gates and a cell status to help the LSTM cell decide what information should be kept and what information should be forgotten. ", "As a result, the LSTM cell can recall important features from the previous prediction by having a cell state. ", "An LSTM cell can also be viewed as a combination of a few simple neural networks, each of them serving a different purpose. ", "The first one is the forget gate [@Hoc97]. ", "The previous output is concatenated with the new input and passed through a sigmoid function. ", "After that, the output of the forget gate, $f_t$, will perform a Hadamard product (element-wise product) with the previous cell’s state. ", "Note that $f_t$ is a vector containing elements that have a range from 0 to 1. ", "A number closer to 0 means the LSTM should not recall it, whilst a number closer to 1 means the LSTM should recall and carry on to the next operation. ", "This process helps the LSTM select which elements are to forget and remember, respectively. ", "The second one is the input and activation gates [@Hoc97]. ", "This process concatenates the previous output with the new input, determines which element should be ignored, and updates the internal cell state. ", "The cell state is then updated by a combination of the output and a transformation of the input. ", "The third one is the output gate [@Hoc97]. ", "This process helps determine the output of the cell. ", "Finally, the output of the LSTM cell is the Hadamard product of the current internal cell state and the output of the output gate [@lstmmath; @lstmexplain].", "\n\nWe use Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSprop) [@Tie12] – a stochastic gradient descent optimizer – to train the neural network, with the learning rate divided by the exponentially weighted average. ", "Optimizer, learning rate and loss function are core concepts in deep learning models. ", "Optimizer ties together the loss function and model parameters by updating the model in response to the output of the loss function. ", "Loss function is a method of evaluating how well your algorithm models your dataset, which tells the optimizer when it’s moving in the right or wrong direction. ", "The learning rate is a hyperparameter that controls how much to change the model in response to the estimated error each time the model’s weights are updated.", "\n\nIn our experiments, we also tested the use of an adaptive moment estimation, Adam in short, as the optimizer. ", "While we observed that Adam helps the neural network to converge faster, we noted a tendency to overfit the data; the validation set has an increasing loss while the training set has a decreasing loss. ", "This motivates our choice of RMSprop as optimizer.", "\n\nLimit Order Books\n-----------------\n\nThe limit order book is technically a log file in the exchange showing the queue of the outstanding orders based on their price and arrival time. ", "Let $p_b$ be the highest price at the buy side, which is called the best bid. ", "The best bid is the highest price that a trader is willing to pay to buy the asset. ", "Let $p_a$ be the lowest price at the sell side, which is called the best ask. ", "The best ask is the lowest price a trader is willing to accept for selling the asset.", "\n\nThe mid-price of an asset is the average of the best bid and the best ask of the asset in the market. ", "$$M_p = \\frac{(p_b + p_a)}{2}.$$ There are other metrics that are also useful for describing the state of the limit order book: Spread, Depth and Slope.", "\n\nData source and overview of the envisioned trading system\n---------------------------------------------------------\n\nNumerous exchanges provide Application Programming Interface (API) for systematic traders or algorithmic traders to connect to the exchange via software. ", "Usually, an exchange provides two types of API, a RESTful API, and WebSocket API. ", "Some exchanges also provide a Financial Information eXchange (FIX) protocol. ", "In this study, a WebSocket API from an exchange called GDAX (Global Digital Asset Exchange) is used to retrieve the level-2 limit order book live data [@GDA18]. ", "The level-2 data provides prices and aggregated depths for top 50 bids and asks. ", "GDAX is one of the largest exchanges in the world owned by the Coinbase company.", "\n\n![", "An overview of a simple trading system[]{data-label=\"fig:tradingsystem\"}](trading_system_overview){width=\"0.7\\columnwidth\"}\n\nOur focus is to design a model that can successfully predict the mid-price movement in the context of cryptocurrencies. ", "Such a model is a component of a trading system, as shown in Figure \\[fig:tradingsystem\\]. ", "There are a few essential components for the trading system. ", "First of all, the WebSocket is used to subscribe to the exchange and receive live data including tickers, order flows, and the limit order book’s update. ", "Tickers data usually appears when two orders of the opposite side are matched and the opening of a candle on a candlestick chart. ", "Tickers contain the best bid, best ask, and the price, thus reflecting the change in price in real-time.", "\n\nThe way the updates to the limit order book are communicated differ. ", "Some exchanges provide a real-time snapshot of the order book. ", "Some exchanges, including GDAX, only provide the update, i.e., updated data of a specific price and volume on the limit order book. ", "Therefore, a local real-time limit order book is required to synchronize with the exchange limit order book. ", "Additionally, we need to store all the data in a database. ", "In this study, a non-relational database called MongoDB has been used to this purpose. ", "Unlike a traditional relational database, MongoDB stores unstructured data in a JSON-like format as a collection of documents. ", "The advantage of using a non-relational database is that data can be stored in a more flexible way. ", "The local copy of the limit order book is reconstructed by using level-2 limit order book updates. ", "The reconstructed limit order can provide information on the shape and status of the exchange limit order book. ", "This limit order book can be used for calculating order imbalance and can provide quantified features of the limit order book. ", "The input to the model is then finalized by a vectorizer, used as a data parser, combining information and extracting features from the ticker data and the local limit order book. ", "Features are then reshaped into the format that can fit into the trained LSTM model.", "\n\nWe leave to future research the design and experimentation of a decision maker, which should make use of the prediction given by the trained model and help manage the inventory. ", "If the inventory and certain thresholds are met, the decision-maker would place an order to the exchange based on the prediction from the trained LSTM model through RESTful API.", "\n\nExperimental Study {#sec:exp}\n==================\n\nObjective\n---------\n\nThe purpose of this research is to process real-time tick data using deep learning neural network approach on cryptocurrency trading system. ", "As a deep learning model based on high-frequency trading, accuracy of prediction and computational efficiency are both important factors to consider in this research.", "\n\nDataset\n-------\n\nThe data used in this study is live data recorded via a WebSocket through the GDAX exchange WebSocket API. ", "The data contain the ticker data, level-2 order book updates, and the order submitted to the exchange. ", "The time range of the collected data is from the time of 2018-07-02T17:22:14.812000Z to 2018-07-03T23:32:53.515000Z. The order flow data contain $61,909,286$ records, the tickers data include $128,593$ ticker data points, and the level-2 data contain $40,951,846$ records. ", "Table 1 lists the available assets on the GDAX exchange and the corresponding number of records.", "\n\n[cXXX]{} product id \\\\data type & Ticker & Level-2 & Order Flow\\\nBCH-USD & 15,213 & 1,600,474 & 2,442,323\\\nBTC-EUR & 9,769 & 4,656,627 & 7,002,588\\\nBTC-GBP & 3,726 & 8,849,556 &13,280,280\\\nBTC-USD & 25,904 & 4,110,818 & 6,282,022\\\nETH-BTC & 4,016 & 1,250,202 & 1,893,851\\\nETH-EUR & 3,180 & 4,876,886 & 7,323,178\\\nETH-USD & 27,089 & 6,087,574 & 9,276,806\\\nLTC-BTC & 2,167 & 611,682 & 923,070\\\nLTC-EUR & 4,243 & 1,260,024 & 1,897,731\\\nLTC-USD & 32,203 & 2,391,377 & 3,700,271\\\nBCH-EUR & 4,243 & 5,822,103 & 7,934,653\\\n\nMethodology\n-----------\n\n### Model Architecture\n\nThe simple architecture in Figure \\[fig:architecture\\] served as the predictive model in this study. ", "This neural network contains two layers of LSTM cells, one layer of fully connected neurons, and one layer of softmax as the output layer which outputs the probability of going up or going down. ", "The two layers of LSTM cells can be viewed as a filter for capturing non-linear features from the data, and the fully connected layer can be viewed as the decision layer based on the features provided by the last LSTM layer. ", "This neural network is designed as simple as possible because in the tick data environment, every millisecond matters. ", "Reducing the number of layers and neurons can significantly reduce the computational complexity, thus the time required for the data processing.", "\n\n![", "LSTM model architecture[]{data-label=\"fig:architecture\"}](LSTM_architecture){width=\"0.8\\columnwidth\"}\n\n### Multi-label prediction\n\nBinary classification can be scarcely informative to a trader, as “small” variations are not differentiated from “big” ones. ", "One might want to hold one’s position in the former case and transact only in the latter.", "\n\nWe use 1-min and 5-min data to demonstrate the rate of price change, defined as the ratio between the price change and the transaction (close) price. ", "In both cases, most relative price changes fall in $-0.25\\%$ and $0.25\\%$. Often these percentages are less than the transaction fees and traders ought to be able to know when this is the case to develop a successful trading strategy. ", "Therefore, we also investigate multi-label prediction based on trading strategy needs. ", "In this multi-label prediction, we replace binary target prediction with four-target prediction. ", "At the structure level, we have four softmax units as output layer instead of two units. ", "By effectively set the boundaries of four units, we can transform the original two-class classifier into a four-class classifier. ", "Using the fees used by Coinbase Pro [@Cob18], we use $\\pm0.2\\%$ of the transaction price as a reasonable threshold to differentiate large and small changes, see Table \\[tbl:multilab\\] where we also name the intervals for convenience.", "\n\n{width=\"0.7\\columnwidth\"}\n\n ------------------------ --------------------- --\n Significant increase $(+0.2\\%,+ \\infty)$ \n Significant decrease $(-0.2\\%,- \\infty)$ \n Insignificant increase $(0,+0.2\\%]$ \n Insignificant decrease $[-0.2\\%,0)$ \n ------------------------ --------------------- --\n\n : Multi-label prediction\n\n\\[tbl:multilab\\]\n\n### Walkthrough Training\n\nPrediction model in financial market has timeliness; this is especially true for the high-frequency financial market. ", "For example, should we use historical financial data from 2015 to train a model and test it on 2017 data for predictions, this model might not have a good performance. ", "The old model might not adapt well to the new market environment as it has been trained and tailored on old market conditions. ", "Although a deep learning approach can largely increase prediction accuracy of stock market, such models need to optimize themselves because the stock market is constantly changing.", "\n\nSheng et al.", " [@wan2006parameter] propose the parameter incremental learning (PIL) method for neural networks; the main idea is that the learning algorithm should not only adapt to the newly presented input-output training pattern by adjusting parameters, but also preserve the prior results. ", "Inspired from this, we propose a method called *Walkthrough Training* in deep learning for our task. ", "This approach is designed to retrain the original deep learning model itself when it “appears” to no longer be valid. ", "We consider two different Walkthrough training methods.", "\n\n- *Walkthrough with stable retrain frequency.* ", "Considering different trading cycles based on the data obtained from the API, we retrain our model at fixed time intervals. ", "The length of the interval depends on our trading strategy and accuracy from data we obtained. ", "This way of retraining helps the model to adjust to the newly acquired features and retain the knowledge gained from the original training.", "\n\n- *Walkthough with dynamic retrain frequency.* ", "We use Maximum Drawdown (MDD), which is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio before a new peak is attained, as a condition of dynamic retraining. ", "The idea is that stable retraining is not suitable for every condition in retraining model. ", "More specifically, if the old model is aimed to long-term prediction, stable retraining will lead to waste of computing resources and overfitting problem (the model fits the data too well and leads to low prediction accuracy on unseen data).", "\n\n During the process of prediction based on this method, we monitor accuracy of prediction over time. ", "In the following formula, “Min Accuracy Value” and “Max Accuracy Value” identify the highest and lowest prediction accuracy, respectively. ", "All parameters in the formula are in interval between last retraining time and current calculation time. ", "After calculation, “Modified MDD” is considered as hyper-parameter in the whole prediction model to optimize the retraining time. ", "$$\\text{Modified MDD} = \\frac{\\text{Max Accuracy Value - Min Accuracy Value}}{\\text{Min accuracy Value}}.$$ The modified MDD is a measure of drawdown that looks for greatest effective period of model. ", "When modified MDD is over 15%, we consider the original deep learning model to be no longer applicable for latest market data. ", "In such a case, we use historical data up to the point when the MDD is measured as training data to retrain original deep learning model. ", "This process will be through whole time series prediction.", "\n\nResearch Questions\n------------------\n\nWe investigate four specific research questions (RQs, for short) in our general context of interest, price predictions through a deep learning model within the cryptocurrency markets.", "\n\nRQ1:\n\n: [**How well does a universal deep learning model perform?**]{}\\\n @Sir18 found that a universal deep learning model would predict well the price formation in relation to stock market. ", "We ask this question to understand if a similar conclusion can be drawn for more emergent, less mature and more volatile cryptocurrency market.", "\n\nRQ2:\n\n: [**How many successive data points should we use to train deep learning models?**]{}\\\n The sequential nature of time series naturally puts forward the question of optimizing the number of subsequent data points (i.e., time steps) used to train the deep network. ", "Does it make sense to use more than one data point at a time? ", "If so, how many time steps should be used?", "\n\nRQ3:\n\n: [**How well do deep learning models work on live data?**]{}\\\n A good offline prediction based on deep learning may fail to perform well on live data, due to evolving patterns in a highly volatile environment like ours. ", "Is there an accuracy decay on live data? ", "If yes, would Walkthrough training methods help address the issue? ", "Moreover, we want to understand if lean and fast architectures can perform well with tick online data.", "\n\nRQ4:\n\n: [**What is the best Walkthrough method in the context of multi-label prediction?**]{}\\\n Making profit on tick data predictions might be too hard for a number of reasons. ", "Firstly, the execution time of the order might make the prediction on the next tick obsolete. ", "Secondly, in the context of multi-label predictions, there might be very few data points in the sensitive intervals which would make transactions potentially more profitable than transaction costs. ", "We therefore wish to determine the best Walkthrough method when we use minute-level data for the task of multi-label classification.", "\n\nUltimately, the findings from the questions above will help a cryptocurrency trader to design a better model and ultimately devise a more profitable trading strategy (i.e., the decision maker in the system of Figure \\[fig:tradingsystem\\]).", "\n\nResults and Analysis\n--------------------\n\nWe organize the discussion of our results according to the research questions of interest. ", "The answer to each question informs the design used to address the challenges of the subsequent questions. ", "In this sense, we use an incremental approach to find our results.", "\n\n### Answer to RQ1: How well does a universal deep learning model perform?", "\n\nWe begin by training product specific networks of Figure \\[fig:architecture\\] in order to establish the baseline for comparison. ", "For each product (i.e., currency pair), five neural networks having the same architecture are initialized. ", "Five training sets are then created by extracting the first 10%, 20%, 50%, 70%, and 85% from the total data of the product. ", "After that, the neural network is trained and tested with each data split. ", "For example, a product-specific, such as BCH-USD, neural network is trained with the first 10% of the total data using only one time step; the rest of the data are then used to evaluate the performance of the neural network. ", "Subsequently, another neural network is trained and tested with a different amount of data and so on.", "\n\nThe purpose of using this training approach is to evaluate the importance of the amount of data used. ", "The high-frequency markets are often considered extremely noisy and full of unpredictability. ", "If neural networks for the same product showed no performance gain with increasing amount of training data, then it may actually be the case that the majority of the data is actually noise. ", "In these circumstances, a stochastic model might be a better option than a data-driven model, because a simpler model generally tends to be less overfitting compared to a complex model under noisy environment.", "\n\n[cXXXXX]{} currency pair &\\\n& 10% & 20% & 50% & 70% & 85%\\\nBCH-USD & 0.619 & 0.664 & 0.674 & 0.699 & 0.662\\\nBTC-EUR & 0.554 & 0.561 & 0.551 & 0.596 & 0.470\\\nBTC-GBP & 0.611 & 0.551 & 0.634 & 0.565 & 0.540\\\nBTC-USD & 0.702 & 0.789 & 0.797 & 0.825 & 0.814\\\nETH-BTC & 0.788 & 0.825 & 0.839 & 0.775 & 0.743\\\nETH-EUR & 0.633 & 0.640 & 0.714 & 0.658 & 0.597\\\nETH-USD & 0.599 & 0.608 & 0.555 & 0.703 & 0.736\\\nLTC-BTC & 0.579 & 0.687 & 0.738 & 0.751 & 0.730\\\nLTC-EUR & 0.505 & 0.503 & 0.586 & 0.602 & 0.672\\\nLTC-USD & 0.574 & 0.620 & 0.767 & 0.787 & 0.814\\\nBCH-EUR & 0.540 & 0.540 & 0.540 & 0.432 & 0.526\\\n\n\\[tbl:trainingset\\]\n\n![", "Currency pairs without improvement[]{data-label=\"fig:noimp\"}](Currency_without.png){width=\"0.8\\columnwidth\"}\n\n![", "Currency pairs with improvement[]{data-label=\"fig:imp\"}](Currency_with.png){width=\"0.8\\columnwidth\"}\n\n![", "Box plots of currency pair with and without improvement[]{data-label=\"fig:boxp:pairs\"}](boxplot){width=\"0.8\\columnwidth\"}\n\nFrom the result in Table \\[tbl:trainingset\\], the currency pairs with very little samples, such as BCH-EUR, BTC-GBP, ETH-EUR, and BTC-EUR, show a decreasing performance after using training data with a size greater than 50% (shown as Figure \\[fig:noimp\\]). ", "The decrease in the performance could be a direct result of the lack of testing cases. ", "For other currency pairs, the currency-pair-specified neural network models show a general rise in accuracy when increasing the size of the training data (Figure \\[fig:imp\\]), which suggests that there might be some recognizable patterns in the data. ", "The box plots (Figure \\[fig:boxp:pairs\\]) show the comparison of currency pairs with and without improvement. ", "The result above suggests that, at least for our architecture, the neural network is able to learn the hidden pattern from within a dataset when given a sufficient amount of data for most of the currency pairs.", "\n\nWe are now ready to test the findings of @Sir18 about the existence of a universal predictive model in the context of cryptocurrencies. ", "We are interested to see whether a universal predictive model for all available currency pairs can outperform the product-specific ones introduced above. ", "Table \\[tbl:univ\\] displays the performance of different models. ", "The label “AVG” represents the mean performance of all models. ", "We know from the analysis above that for some currency pairs, the current neural network architecture is not performing very well. ", "Therefore, for more precise and targeted analysis, those currency pairs are excluded from the original dataset, and a new dataset is generated without them. ", "The label of “selected” represents the mean performance of all models excluding those pairs, namely, BCH-EUR, BTC-GBP, ETH-EUR and BTC-EUR. ", "The “universal selected” neural network is trained with the same approach but with joined data across all available products.", "\n\n[@ccccc@]{} &\\\nSample size & AVG & Selected & Universal &\n\n -----------\n Universal\n Selected\n -----------\n\n : Models’ performance with different sample sizes used in training\n\n\\\n10% & 0.60990 & 0.62419 & 0.64899 & 0.66417\\\n20% & 0.63578 & 0.67134 & 0.66962 & 0.68286\\\n50% & 0.67263 & 0.70823 & 0.69180 & 0.70057\\\n70% & 0.67252 & 0.73500 & 0.71111 & 0.73126\\\n85% & 0.66429 & 0.73902 & 0.71533 & 0.74140\\\n\n\\[tbl:univ\\]\n\nWe can see that the universal model slightly outperforms the mean of product-specific models, for each size of the training set, by an average of 3.65% in terms of accuracy. ", "Similarly, the universal with selected currency pairs outperforms the selected product-specific model by an average of 4.25%. ", "In general, both of the universal models achieved higher accuracy than the product-specific ones. ", "Therefore, we can conclude that the universal model has better performance than the currency-pair specific model. ", "The performance gain in the universal model and the universal model with selected currency pairs may be explained with the following rationale. ", "Firstly, there are some universal features on the limit order book which could be observed by the LSTM neural network for most of the currency pairs on the exchange. ", "Secondly, the increased amount of the training data helps the network to generalize better, since 10% of joined data is much larger than 10% of one currency pair data. ", "It also means that the LSTM model can learn the pattern from the data of multiple currency pairs having the same time horizon, then apply the pattern to another currency pair.", "\n\nWe reach the following conclusion from this section. **", "The answer to RQ1** is that the universal model has better performance than the currency-pair specific model for all the available currency pairs in (the chosen) cryptocurrency market.", "\n\n### Answer to RQ2: How many successive data points should we use to train deep learning models?", "\n\nInformed by our findings in relation to RQ1, we next fix the training set size to 70% of the total sample size and focus our attention to the universal and universal selected neural networks. ", "To investigate RQ2, we train both networks with 70% of the total data using increasing time steps of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20, 40. ", "For example, the 3-time-steps input contains the feature vector of the current tick $F_t$, feature vector of the previous tick $F_{t-1}$, and feature vector of two ticks prior $F_{t-2}$. This approach aims to discover whether there are any observable patterns related to the sequence of data and how persistent it is.", "\n\n[0.85]{}[XXX]{} Time steps & Universal & Universal Selected\\\n1 & 0.7111 & 0.7312\\\n3 & 0.7263 & 0.7445\\\n5 & 0.7200 & 0.7419\\\n7 & 0.7086 & 0.7369\\\n10 & 0.7146 & 0.7389\\\n20 & 0.7116 & 0.7421\\\n40 & 0.7131 & 0.7275\\\n\n\\[tbl:steps\\]\n\nThe results are shown in Table \\[tbl:steps\\]. ", "To make sense of them, we fit the data points in a linear regression model, with ordinary least squares, and obtain the coefficients in Table \\[tbl:ols\\], where Const represents the intercept and X the slope.", "\n\n ------- --------- ---------\n Const 0.7166 0.7406\n X -0.0001 -0.0002\n ------- --------- ---------\n\n : Coefficients of model accuracy in OLS regression\n\n\\[tbl:ols\\]\n\n![", "Relationship between accuracy and number of time steps used in training[]{data-label=\"fig:steps\"}](white_ts_acc){width=\"1\\columnwidth\"}\n\nAs depicted in Figure \\[fig:steps\\], the slopes of the linear equations are very close to zero, and are negative. ", "This result suggests that increasing the time steps of the training data does not have a significant effect on the performance of the model. ", "On the contrary, increasing the time steps too much may also have a negative impact to the model’s performance.", "\n\n**The answer to RQ2** is that one time step/data point is the best choice in our context. ", "Choosing one time step carries some further advantages; one step, in fact, opens the possibility of using different machine learning algorithms since most of them are not designed to handle sequential input.", "\n\n### Answer to RQ3: How well do deep learning models work on live data?", "\n\nIn this section, the challenges and performances of using our predictive models on live data are discussed.", "\n\n![", "Performance decay on the the live data[]{data-label=\"fig:decay\"}](white_decay){width=\"1\\columnwidth\"}\n\nThe horizontal line in Figure \\[fig:decay\\] is the baseline of the performance, and the black line is the performance of the predictive model on live data. ", "This figure shows that the performance of the universal model slowly decays to almost random guessing over the period of interest. ", "This behavior could be caused by some non-stationary features of the limit order book, which means that the hidden pattern captured by the universal model is no longer applicable to the new data.", "\n\nTo resolve this problem, an autoencoder is used (Figure \\[fig:autoenc\\]). ", "The characteristic of the autoencoder is that the input layer and the output layer usually have the same number of neurons, and the hidden layers of the autoencoder must have a lower number of neurons compared to the input and output layers. ", "The reason for using such an architecture is that the reduced number of neurons in the hidden layers can form a bottleneck in the neural network. ", "Thus, the autoencoder cannot learn by simply remembering the input only. ", "This architecture, in fact, forces the autoencoder to compress the input data and then decompress the data before outputting it. ", "Therefore, the autoencoder can learn from the input structure. ", "The trained autoencoder performs two tasks. ", "The first one is to remove noise; the trained autoencoder can suppress abnormal features by reconstructing the input data. ", "This process usually removes abnormal spikes in a feature. ", "The second one is to map the new data into a more familiar space for the LSTM model.", "\n\n![", "Achitecture of the autoencoder[]{data-label=\"fig:autoenc\"}](autoencoder){width=\"0.6\\columnwidth\"}\n\n![", "Performance of the universal model with autoencoder[]{data-label=\"fig:autoencperf\"}](white_auto_decay_1){width=\"1\\columnwidth\"}\n\n![", "Predictions distribution and real-time target distribution[]{data-label=\"fig:realdist\"}](white_auto_dist_1.png){width=\"0.8\\columnwidth\"}\n\nFigure \\[fig:autoencperf\\] shows the prediction of the LSTM with an autoencoder by using live data of BTC-USD from 2018-08-01 15:10:43.674 to 2018-08-02 08:33:50.367. ", "Bitcoin has a great dominance and the BTC-USD is also the most traded product on the market. ", "The performance decays slower with the autoencoder than the original LSTM model. ", "Figure \\[fig:realdist\\] is the distribution of the predictions made by the universal model with autoencoder and the aggregated real-time target; each point of the aggregated real-time target is equal to the mean of upticks and downticks for every 20 samples. ", "The darker line depicts the ratio of downticks given by the predictive model, and the lighter line is the ratio of downticks given by real-time target. ", "From the distribution of prediction and real-time target we can observe that the autoencoder is slightly biased to the downtrend market. ", "This explains the gradual decrease in the accuracy under the uptrend market after the 3,000 predictions mark (cf. ", "Figure \\[fig:autoencperf\\]) because small errors accumulate over time and eventually affect the overall accuracy. ", "In other words, the biased training data could cause a biased model. ", "For example, the training data used to train the model could be experiencing a bearish market so that the model is more sensitive to the downtrends.", "\n\n![", "Performance of the universal model with autoencoder[]{data-label=\"fig:btclive\"}](white_retrain_1.png){width=\"1\\columnwidth\"}\n\nAn intuitive way to adjust the bias of the model is walkthrough training, so to retrain the model with recent data. ", "This way, the model can learn from the most recent data, and integrate it with the original data. ", "We implement a walkthrough with stable retrain time as follows. ", "First, a queue buffer is set up to collect features from the live data. ", "After every 196 predictions made by the model, the model retrains by the newly collected features in the buffer.", "\n\n![", "Predictions distribution and real-time target distribution[]{data-label=\"fig:btcliverealdist\"}](white_retrain_dist_1.png){width=\"1\\columnwidth\"}\n\nTo test the effectiveness of this modification, we use live data of BTC-USD from 2018-08-08 14:31:54.664 to 2018-08-09 09:01:13.188. ", "The results are plotted in Figure \\[fig:btclive\\]. ", "We observe that before the first retraining, the model lacks the predictive power on live data. ", "It starts with an accuracy of less than 50%, which is worse than random guessing. ", "After the first few instances of retrain, however, the model improves accuracy from 58% to 78%, to finally stabilize around 76%. ", "Moreover, the distribution of the predictions of the model shows a similar shape to the real-time target distribution, and no apparent bias can be observed, cf. ", "Figure \\[fig:btcliverealdist\\].", "\n\nA further improvement of the model to work on live data is needed to improve the execution speed and reduce the chance of overfitting. ", "This is achieved by reducing the dimension of the input data. ", "The intermediate output of the autoencoder, which is the output of the encoder part, is used instead of using the original data. ", "Because of the architecture of the autoencoder, the hidden layer contains fewer neurons than the output layer. ", "Although the hidden layer contains fewer neurons, it preserves all the essential information of the input data. ", "By using this approach, the universal model can use fewer neurons to capture the information that is needed to make predictions. ", "Therefore, the neural network has less freedom to be overfitted, and the reduction of the size of the neural network also improves the execution speed. ", "Our architecture uses the intermediate encoder output as the input for the LSTM model, cf. ", "Figure \\[fig:dimreduct\\]. ", "The advantage of using the autoencoder instead of using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) directly is that autoencoder can map the 3D sequential data (sample size, time steps, features) into a vector. ", "This process helps to capture the information from the sequence which could not be done by the PCA only (PCA can only deal with 2D data).", "\n\n![", "LSTM model with autoencoder[]{data-label=\"fig:dimreduct\"}](dim_reduct.png){width=\"0.6\\columnwidth\"}\n\n**The answer to RQ3** is summarized in Table \\[tbl:liveresults\\], where we display the performance metrics of the predictive model with a reduced architecture on the same live data of BTC-USD from 2018-08-08 14:31:54.664 to 2018-08-09 09:01:13.188. ", "In the table “autoencoder as denoiser” refers to architecture in Figure \\[fig:autoenc\\] (including encoder, decoder, PCA, universal model and output) whilst “autoencoder as reducer” refers to the architecture in Figure \\[fig:dimreduct\\] (including encoder, PCA, universal model and output). ", "The difference of the precision score and the accuracy score is much lower than the original model, which suggests that there is less overfitting. ", "Interestingly, the reduced model has a $2.43\\%$ increase in the accuracy score.", "\n\n[lrrrr]{}\\\n& & & &\\\n& 0.72 & 0.86 & 0.78 & 5,265\\\n& 0.81 & 0.65 & 0.72 & 4,927\\\n& & & &\\\n& 0.77 & 0.76 & 0.75 & 10,192\\\n\\\n& & & &\\\n& 0.79 & 0.78 & 0.79 & 5,265\\\n& 0.77 & 0.78 & 0.77 & 4,927\\\n& & & &\\\n& 0.78 & 0.78 & 0.78 & 10,192\\\n\n\\[tbl:liveresults\\]\n\n### Answer to RQ4: What is the best Walkthrough method in the context of multi-label prediction?", "\n\nIn this section, we concentrate on multi-label prediction using the four classes identified in Table \\[tbl:multilab\\]. ", "We use the last model in RQ3 but we use multi-label as target classification and walkthrough method as a research variable. ", "We use 1-min live data in 2018 for 1 month-window and the time interval of data is randomly selected.", "\n\nFigure \\[fig:walkthrough\\] gives an overview of the comparison between the three different walkthrough methods we tested.", "\n\nFor the first method, we train the deep learning model statically without walkthough, which means we will not retrain or update the model when the accuracy decays. ", "We can observe how the accuracy drops significantly after roughly 1,500 predictions and reaches a value of less than 40%, almost as low as random-guessing (25%), in the end.", "\n\nWhen we use stable walkthrough to train our model, we will retrain at regular time periods. ", "Our tests are based on trading period or a financial trading cycle of five days. ", "On our data, this leads to four retrains (identified by rectangular points on the accuracy line). ", "The first retrain point has obvious effects in improving accuracy and it starts to go up slightly before retraining. ", "After four instances of retrain, the accuracy stabilizes around 80%.", "\n\nWhen we use MDD-Dynamic Walkthrough method, we retrain the original model when the accuracy drops by more than 15%. ", "In our test, there is only one such instance (circle point at around 2,000 mark). ", "The accuracy has apparent growth after this model adjustment.", "\n\n![", "Snapshot of comparison between different walkthrough methods[]{data-label=\"fig:walkthrough\"}](snapshotWalk){width=\".8\\columnwidth\"}\n\n![", "Comparison of different Walkthrough methods[]{data-label=\"fig:batch\"}](Walkthrough){width=\"0.9\\columnwidth\"}\n\nWe also perform the experiment for 20 times to compare the different walkthrough methods in order to have a stronger statistical guarantee; results are shown in Figure \\[fig:batch\\], (Considering that repeated experiments cost significant computation power and time, we repeat the experiment 20 times to gather the results.) ", "The results are in line with those discussed above, i.e., stable walkthrough is better than the other two methods. ", "The results also show that, for dynamic (MDD) walkthrough method, only 2/3 retraining points occur in most experiments (90%) while 2 experiments require 5 retraining points. ", "But for stable walkthrough method, all experiments need 4 retraining points. ", "Therefore, when considering retrain time is a factor, dynamic (MDD) walkthrough method is better because it needs less retraining in most cases.", "\n\n**The answer to RQ4** is multifold. ", "Firstly, in multi-label prediction with deep learning model, walkthrough training significantly improves the prediction accuracy. ", "The reason is that, as discussed above, deep learning prediction models need to update itself. ", "When the model is not fit for the new market conditions, then it must be updated to achieve accurate results. ", "Secondly, stable walkthrough method is better than MDD-dynamic walkthrough method, unless retrain time is important.", "\n\nValidity of findings {#sec:lim}\n====================\n\nThe model is based on trading system; we select historical data and collect live data for a long time span. ", "The selection of data has no bias because historical trading contains all available transaction data and available currency pairs in cryptocurrency market. ", "Moreover, the experiments are not affected by bull or bear market, policy impact and other factors. ", "The experiments use an extensive data selection, including bull-market condition, bear-market condition, high-transaction-volume condition, low-transaction-volume condition etc. ", "Quality of data is another important factor to discuss. ", "As the data is collected live from Coinbase Pro, poor connection might affect the data (e.g., missing values). ", "To mitigate this risk, we have compared the data collected from Coinbase Pro with other third party service providers to make sure the experiment have not been affected by inappropriate financial data.", "\n\nConclusions {#sec:con}\n===========\n\nThis paper analyzes a data-driven approach to predict mid-price movements in cryptocurrency markets, and covered a number of research questions en route regarding parameter settings, design of neural networks and universality of the model. ", "The main finding of our work is the successful combination of an autoencoder and a walkthrough retraining method to overcome the decay in predictive power on live data due to non-stationary features on the order book. ", "Prediction in high-frequency cryptocurrency markets is a challenging task because the environment contains noisy information and is highly unpredictable. ", "We believe that our results can inform the design of higher level trading strategies and our networks architecture can be used as a feature to another estimator.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }

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[ "Q:\n\n/dev/fedora/root does not exist, /dev/fedora/swap does not exist, /dev/mapper/fedora-root does not exist\n\nI removed a preinstalled Windows 10 to install Fedora 26 on my Lenovo Yoga 9. ", "Now, the computer doesn't boot. ", "Gets stuck during the booting and \nit shows this. ", "Can Someone please tell me what I should do to fix this? ", "I am completely new to Fedora. ", "I indent to remove Windows 10 and keep Fedora 26.", "\n\nA:\n\nI was able to solve this it. ", "The problem was that while installing Fedora 26, I didn't do the partitioning properly. ", "I left almost all of my hard drive space unpartitioned/free and had little to none for boot, swap etc.", "\nSo all I had to do was reinstall Fedora 26 with proper partitioning and the problem was solved. ", "I mainly followed the following two links:\n\nhttps://www.tecmint.com/fedora-25-installation-guide/\nhttps://docs-old.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/22/html/Installation_Guide/sect-installation-gui-manual-partitioning.html\n\nProper partition is important!", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Gallbladder-preserving cholelithotomy in laparoscopic and flexible choledochoscopic era: a report of 316 cases.", "\nThe gallbladder is an organ with accurate functions of concentrating and storing bile and regulating the bile flow. ", "Cholecystectomy is associated with some severe complications in some patients. ", "This study was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of gallbladder-preserving cholelithotomy (GPC) for patients with gallstones in laparoscopic and flexible choledochoscopic era. ", "From January 2006 to January 2007, a total of 316 patients with gallstone were assigned to GPC according to our inclusion criteria at Yunna Lithiasis Hospital. ", "The procedures were performed by 1 surgical team under laparoscopic and flexible choledochoscopic guidance. ", "The short-term clinical outcome and long-term gallstone recurrence rate were evaluated. ", "The success rate of GPC was 95.25%. ", "No severe postoperative complications such as bile leakage and hemorrhage occurred. ", "Conversion to cholecystectomy was required in 15 patients. ", "During 25 to 72 months of follow-up, the gallstone recurrence rate at 12, 36, and 60 months were 0%, 3.32%, and 5.64%, respectively. ", "GPC using laparoscopy and flexible choledochoscopy is safe and effective in selected patients, the stone recurrence rate is acceptable." ]

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[ "To build the first version of my mix studio, I knew the priority would have to be monitoring. ", "This means great speakers, the best acoustics possible, and excellent A/D conversion. ", "There were a few big questions at the outset, such as whether or not to do analog summing, and if the budget would allow for […]" ]

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[ "Check out our new site Makeup Addiction\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nqkme_transcriber commented on my post Fuck it. ", "Have an upvote" ]

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[ "Davie Sneddon\n\nDavid Sneddon (born 24 April 1936) is a Scottish former football player and manager. ", "His career is notable for managing Kilmarnock to their 1979 Tennent Caledonian Cup victory and also being part of the 1964/65 Scottish First Division winning Kilmarnock side. ", "Sneddon was capped once by the Scotland national under-23 football team.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nDavie Sneddon at Killiefc.com\n\nCategory:1936 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Association football inside forwards\nCategory:Scottish footballers\nCategory:Dundee F.C. players\nCategory:Preston North End F.C. players\nCategory:Kilmarnock F.C. players\nCategory:Raith Rovers F.C. players\nCategory:Scottish Football League players\nCategory:English Football League players\nCategory:Scotland under-23 international footballers\nCategory:Scottish football managers\nCategory:Kilmarnock F.C. managers\nCategory:Stranraer F.C. managers\nCategory:Scottish Football League managers\nCategory:Kilwinning Rangers F.C. players" ]

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[ "ANNOUNCEMENT {#s1}\n============\n\nThe emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, or \"superbugs,\" poses a potential public health threat as they seriously challenge the treatment of clinical infections. ", "Superbugs cause infections resistant to all beta-lactams and most other antibiotics except colistin and sometimes tigecycline ([@B1]). ", "Among multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, the Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE) pathogens ([@B2]) are considered the most threatening.", "\n\nK. pneumoniae, a facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium, causes a wide range of clinical diseases ([@B3]) that may be life threatening ([@B4]). ", "Resistant strains have swiftly spread worldwide since an initial report in 2008 ([@B5][@B6][@B8]), and when colistin resistance was detected in K. pneumoniae ([@B9], [@B10]), they were considered a warning sign of an imminent doomsday scenario.", "\n\nHere, we report the draft genome sequences of two panresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (SF and SK), which are also colistin resistant, in addition to two other genomes from one panresistant non-colistin-resistant strain (HM) and one strain (SP) that is MDR but sensitive to 10 tested antibiotics ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n###### \n\nInformation related to the sequenced isolates, sequencing, assembly, and annotation results, including predicted antibiotic resistance genes, transporters, and virulence factors[^*a*^](#ngtab1.1){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n\n Attribute Analysis or prediction tool Data for strain: \n ------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------\n Resistance phenotype[^*a*^](#ngtab1.1){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Kirby Bauer disk diffusion (24 antibiotics tested) Panresistant (24/24)[^*b*^](#ngtab1.2){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Panresistant (24/24)[^*b*^](#ngtab1.2){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Multiresistant (23/24)[^*b*^](#ngtab1.2){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Multiresistant (14/24)[^*b*^](#ngtab1.2){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n Colistin resistance MIC determination R[^*c*^](#ngtab1.3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} R S[^*c*^](#ngtab1.3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} S\n No. ", "of sequence reads Illumina HiSeq 4000 2.76 × 10^6^ 2.38 × 10^6^ 2.33 × 10^6^ 2.18 × 10^6^\n No. ", "of assembled contigs (\\>500 bp) SPAdes version 3.10.0 (in PATRIC)[^*d*^](#ngtab1.4){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 352 138 137 93\n Genome size (bp) PATRIC 5,710,047 5,762,786 5,759,337 5,343,887\n G+C content (%) PATRIC[^*e*^](#ngtab1.5){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 56.9 56.85 56.86 57.44\n Protein-coding genes PATRIC 5,932 5,862 5,853 5,248\n No. ", "of tRNA genes PATRIC 65 67 67 68\n No. ", "of rRNA genes PATRIC 6 8 8 7\n No. ", "of antibiotic resistance factors CARD 79 76 76 68\n NDARO 17 19 19 12 \n PATRIC 42 39 39 33 \n No. ", "of transporters TCDB 593 572 572 567\n No. ", "of virulence factors Victors 155 150 149 145\n PATRIC-VF 116 114 114 112 \n VFDB 36 33 33 20 \n\nThese predictions were made in the PATRIC portal ([@B15]), with reference to various databases, namely, CARD ([@B18]), NDARO ([@B19]), TCDB ([@B20]), victors ([@B21]), and VFDB ([@B22]).", "\n\nNumber of antibiotics to which the isolate is resistant (out of total tested).", "\n\nR, resistant; S, susceptible.", "\n\nSPAdes was used with default parameter on the following two steps: (i) error correction mode only and (ii) assembly mode with mismatch correction.", "\n\nAll PATRIC analyses were performed by RASTtk on PATRIC database release of July 2018.", "\n\nThe susceptibility of all four strains, isolated from patients in Cairo, Egypt, between 2012 and 2015, was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method ([@B11]), and their MICs were determined by the agar dilution method.", "\n\nThe isolated strains were obtained from local hospital laboratories, in which they were biobanked, and regrown on MacConkey agar (for purity checking). ", "Representative colonies were subcultured on LB broth overnight (at 37°C) to be used for DNA extraction. ", "The Wizard SV genomic DNA purification system kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) was used to extract genomic DNA from each isolate, and a miniaturized version of the Kapa HyperPlus Illumina-compatible library prep kit (Kapa Biosystems, USA) was used for library generation.", "\n\nA mosquito high-throughput sequencing (HTS) liquid-handling robot (TTP Labtech, Inc., Melbourn, United Kingdom) was used for 1/10 scale enzymatic fragmentation, end-repair, and adapter-ligation reactions. ", "Sequencing adapters based on the iTru protocol ([@B12]) were added in subsequent PCR steps. ", "Amplified and barcoded libraries were then quantified by the PicoGreen assay and pooled in approximately equimolar ratios before being sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 instrument to \\>30× coverage.", "\n\nThe Illumina reads were provided as quality-trimmed sequences, whose quality was rechecked and verified by FastQC ([@B13]). ", "Reads for K. pneumoniae isolates were submitted to the genome analysis services at PATRIC ([@B14], [@B15]), in which they were assembled into contigs by SPAdes ([@B16]) version 3.10.0 and subsequently annotated. ", "The combined size and G+C of assembled contigs ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}) were comparable to the other *Klebsiella* genomes in public databases.", "\n\nPATRIC annotation used the default Rapid Annotations using Subsystem Technology toolkit (RASTtk; July 2018 release) algorithm ([@B17]). ", "Many of the annotated genes were homologous to known virulence factors, drug targets, and antibiotic resistance genes ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Of note, the number of resistance genes was slightly lower in the strain with resistance to the fewest antibiotics (SP) ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nThe presented genome sequences of clinical multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains are among the few sequenced isolates from Egypt to date and should help global efforts to trace and contain the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens.", "\n\nData availability. {#", "s1.1}\n------------------\n\nAll reads were deposited in the NCBI SRA under BioProject identifier (ID) [493667](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/493667) (BioSample numbers [SAMN10141025](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosample/SAMN10141025) through [SAMN10141028](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosample/SAMN10141028)). ", "The assembled contigs and their primary annotations were deposited in NCBI as well, under GenBank accession numbers [RXLV00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/RXLV00000000), [RXLX00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/RXLX00000000), [RXLW00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/RXLW00000000), and [RXLY00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/RXLY00000000) for SF, SK, HM, and SP, respectively.", "\n\nThis work was supported by the National Institutes of Health under grant U01AI124316. ", "R.K.A. and A.S.Y. are supported by the Egyptian Academy for Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT) JESOR grant (contract number 41; awarded in 2018).", "\n\n[^1]: **Citation** Attia H, Szubin R, Yassin AS, Monk JM, Aziz RK. ", "2019. ", "Draft genome sequences of four metallo-beta-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant *Klebsiella pneumoniae* clinical isolates, including two colistin-resistant strains, from Cairo, Egypt. ", "Microbiol Resour Announc 8:e01418-18. ", "<https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01418-18>.", "\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nNamedParameterJdbcTemplate query method returning wrong integer value\n\nI am running a simple mysql query using NamedParameterJdbcTemplate in java.", "\nThe problem is that my java query is returning binary values for the count field i.e 1 for all non-zero values and 0 for all zero values. ", "When I run the same query that jdbc is sending to mysql, directly on mysql server I get the correct answer.", "\nDetails below:\nHere is the query:\nSELECT CAST(COUNT(DISTINCT :fieldName) AS UNSIGNED) count, user_id userId FROM \"+ tableName + \" WHERE user_id IN (:userIdList) GROUP BY userId\n\nThe java LOC that does the query:\nNamedParameterJdbcTemplate namedJdbcTemplate = new NamedParameterJdbcTemplate(getJdbcTemplate().getDataSource());\n\n List<CountRow> countRows = namedJdbcTemplate.query(query,parameters,new CountRowMapper());\n\nThe countRow class is:\npublic class CountRow {\nprivate int count;\nprivate String userId;\n\npublic CountRow() {\n super();\n // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub\n}\n\npublic void setUserId(String userId) {\n this.userId = userId;\n}\npublic void setCount(int count) {\n this.count = count;\n}\n\npublic int getCount() {\n return count;\n}\n\npublic String getUserId() {\n return userId;\n}\n\n}\nThe details for the columns that I am querying:\n `user_id` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',\n `fieldName` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL,\nENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\n\nFinally, my jdbc connection url is:\njdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1/mydb?zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&amp;useSSL=false&amp;autoReconnect=true&amp;useUnicode=yes&amp;characterEncoding=UTF8&amp;characterSetResults=UTF8\n\nI am completely clueless about why this is happening. ", "It would be really great if somebody could shed some light on this.", "\nThanks\n\nA:\n\nI don't think that you can use the parameter :fieldName in that way.", "\ntry to build the sql query using concatenation as you did with tablename\n\"SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT \" + fieldName + \") count, user_id userId \nFROM \"+ tableName + \" WHERE user_id IN (:userIdList) GROUP BY userId\n\nHope this helps\n\n" ]

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[ "As much as you want the 5 pack-- I want the other 10 or so characters they showed for the BATB incarnation and never released-- and if you are going to repack- how about repack the atom single that was only avaiable at oddball locations that carried single packs...\n\n_________________Fastest know derailer of threads in the know universe...expanded or otherwise.", "\n\nWhy is Shazam always in the short changed category. ", "Last go round of JLU, no BatB figure, even though he was tooled, no Young Justice, even though he was tooled. ", "And the Action League is like a jewel in a mine.", "\n\nHe's my favorite character (my dogs' name is Shazam) and he always gets the shaft.", "\n\nPlease don't let this line die like everything else Mattel has been handling lately.", "\n\nI'll be shocked if it isn't dead. ", "I hope the last wave of doubles (singles with accessories) and the 5 pack make it out in normal numbers. ", "It's too bad, I thought a line like this could have the same kind of legs that Marvel's superhero squad had.", "\n\nMattel kind of put it out there to \"test the waters\" and they clearly weren't ready for the response. ", "They kept output slow and barely steady. ", "By the time people were realizing what the line was and its potential, the retail partners had already found a new use for that peg space.", "\n\nIt just feels mis-managed right from the get-go.", "\n\nI wish I was wrong, but Action League is clearly the red-headed step child of Mattel's DC branding which is an utter shame and a complete disappointment.", "\n\nThis line should have churned out countless figures from every corner of the DCU in 2 packs, multipacks, vehicle/playset packs, etc. ", "We should quite literally have an army of these figures at our disposal in the time frame that this line has been alive vs. the 2 dozen or so figures they tried to give us in a year.", "\n\nIt just wasn't ever given its fair amount of effort internally it would seem." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe invention concerns the area of the production of metallic or metallised complex porous structures. ", "More particularly, the invention relates to the area of the production of metallic or metallised complex porous structures for use specifically as charge collectors and electrode supports for electrochemical generators, sound insulators and the like.", "\nThe structures according to the invention are intended to be metallised electrolytically with lead or lead-based alloys.", "\nThe metallic or metallised structures according to the invention are of the foam, felt or fabric types with a high degree of open porosity, presenting the appearance of dense networks of fibres or meshes with a three-dimensional framework defining a plurality of open spaces, communicating with one another and with the exterior of the structures.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nFoams are reticulated, cellular structures with high porosity (greater than 80%, and possibly as high as about 98%), and with open porosity as a result of cell opening, wherein the totality of the network's meshes, or at least a high proportion thereof, are in communication with one another.", "\nFelts are random entanglements of non-woven fibres (although for the most part they are positioned substantially in the plane of the “lap” that they constitute), defining inter-fibre spaces between them with variable shapes and dimensions, communicating with one another. ", "Their fibres may or may not be stuck with a binding agent.", "\nFabrics are structures made up of an assembly of intertwined textile fibres or threads, either woven or meshed. ", "They can take the form of thick, complex structures, particularly when they are made up of two external woven faces connected by knitted threads that hold them simultaneously spaced apart and interconnected, for example such as those that can be made by Raschel-type looms.", "\nThese various complex porous structures, which, according to the invention, are intended to be metallised throughout their entire thickness, over the whole of their developed surface, without significant clogging of their porosity, can be provided in various base materials.", "\nFor the foams, organic, mineral or synthetic materials are used, and in particular polymers such as polyamide, polyurethane (polyester or polyether) or polypropylene.", "\nFor the felts and fabrics, organic, mineral or synthetic materials are also used, such as the polymers mentioned above, glass, rock or carbon fibres, or natural fibres such as cotton, wool or similar." ]

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[ "A new campaign which claims to defend 'the good guys' from being labelled as rapists appears to have backfired.", "\n\nThe #BlameOneNotAll hashtag, which was started by Indian media company Mintified, showcases a series of women holding placards which read things like, 'I go for late night parties with my colleagues, and I always get home safely' and 'I don't mind inviting my best friend over, when I'm alone at home. ", "Because I trust him completely.'", "\n\nThe photographs are an attempt, the firm claims on Facebook, to avoid \"generalising the other gender\" - because \"not all men are rapists\".", "\n\n(Mintified/Facebook)\n\n\"We do agree that a woman has to go through a lot,\" it says. \"", "The leering, the catcalls, the groping, the societal othering, the miasma of all this that women bear the brunt of every damn day. ", "Every single day is a war to them.", "\n\n\"BUT generalizing the other gender, is not right. ", "Not all men are rapists. ", "Not all men abuse their significant others. ", "Not all men actively oppress women. ", "And these posters say it all.\"", "\n\n(Mintified/Facebook)\n\nBut the 'meninist' campaign - a term for the so-called 'meninist' movement, an attempt by some men to mock and undermine feminism, and to express the \"difficulties\" of being a man in the 21st century - has been met with mixed responses.", "\n\nNayantara Umashankar commented on Mintified's Facebook page: \"Wow!! ", "Why are we applauding men for NOT assaulting women when it's literally human decency???\"", "\n\n(Mintified/Facebook)\n\nAnd Van Murmaid said: \"All these women are saying is that they trust some men in their lives. ", "I think the fact that posters are required to indicate that 'some' men are trustworthy, speaks for itself . ", "Big whopee. #", "ironic\"\n\n(Mintified/Facebook)\n\nIshita Das added: \"But how does one know which one to keep distant from? ", "I do think this line of thought may be dangerous for young women who don't know any better. ", "First priority should be safety, next can be trust. #", "BlameNoneBewareAll\"\n\nWhile Pauline Jouvet wrote: \"Unfortunately, the One to blame have certainly Sisters, Niece or Colleages he treat with respect too.. Because he has to ..\"\n\n(Mintified/Facebook)\n\nBut others were more supportive. ", "Prateek Singh wrote: \"Nice work team mintified.. True There are good men out there and keep up the good work...\"\n\n(Mintified/Facebook)\n\nThe posters have been shared thousands of times online, with some taking to Twitter to point out that men shouldn't be being praised simply for not raping somebody.", "\n\nIn response to the criticism, Mintified told i100: \"The campaign was initiated keeping in mind the Indian scenario. ", "There are a lot of issues a girl/women go through on daily basis." ]

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[ "Retro gaming can prove to be a nuisance, a pastime that caters to clutter. ", "It festoons living rooms with a host of tangled wires and weathered, troublesome consoles that may still need a ritualistic blow in the cartridge slot to bring them to life. ", "It’s a situation the much-delayed RetroN 5 hopes to address. ", "This Frankenstein’s monster of a machine runs, in a single box, NES, SNES, Mega Drive, Game Boy, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance games, as well as those of their international variants such as the Famicom. ", "However, while it uses emulation technology, you will still need the original cartridges to play; hence the row of slots on its surface.", "\n\nThe RetroN5 comes with its own controller that covers all the formats, but has ports to support original SNES, NES and Mega Drive pads. ", "It outputs exclusively via HDMI, and while the games look adequate on a modern screen, they the visual sharpness and vibrancy of the original consoles hooked up to a muscular CRT TV. ", "But it’s tremendously convenient, and while its ungainly casing and rather lacklustre bundled controller do little to dazzle, its ability to save old games at any point rather than predetermined positions offers a one-up on the classic hardware.", "\n\nThere’s a good chance that those who already own ageing games will also have the original consoles, but if you’re looking to revisit your retro collection without weaving dusty cables across the lounge, the RetroN 5 offers a functional and convenient alternative that might just encourage gamers to dig some classics out of the attic.", "\n\nFire Emblem: The Sacred Stones\n\nWii U Virtual Console, Nintendo, cert: 7\n\nOne of the few Fire Emblem entries to makes its way west, Sacred Stones is a rousing example of how great Nintendo’s tactical RPG series can be. ", "It follows Ephraim and Eirika, twin heirs to the kingdom of Renais, who build and lead armies to restore their homeland, which has been overthrown by former allied nation Grado. ", "Originally released on the Game Boy Advance in 2005, the gameplay remains sharp a decade on, requiring keen attention and calculating manoeuvres to win the many turn-based battles. ", "Units offer a range of magical or martial skills, with each type or weapon class having strengths and weaknesses. ", "Although 2013’s Fire Emblem: Awakening is more sophisticated, this remains a challenging, engaging game.", "\n\nHowever, reissuing it for the Wii U rather than the 3DS (though it had an exclusive release, in 2011, to those who purchased the handheld before its price drop) results in a blocky, pixelated big-screen experience that can be tricky to follow, and is likely to deter players from the long-play sessions Fire Emblem thrives on. ", "Matt Kamen" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nrails 3 accepts nested attributes not working\n\nI am trying to use nested attributes on my user model for settings so that I can edit the user info and the setting info in a single page. ", " Here is my code:\nUser.rb\nhas_one :settings\naccepts_nested_attributes_for :settings, :allow_destroy => true\nattr_accessor :settings_attributes\n\nviews/users/registrations/edit.html.erb\n<%= f.fields_for :settings do |s| %>\n<p>\n <%= s.label :newsletter %><br />\n <%= s.check_box :newsletter %>\n</p>\n<% end %>\n\nThis seemingly works just fine, the form is displayed properly. ", " However the attributes for the settings are not changed at all when I submit the form.", "\nI am using Rails 3, and Devise created my user model. ", " Perhaps I am missing something that needs to go in the controller model?", "\n\nA:\n\nMost likely caused by using plural instead of singular for setting. ", " Try changing to this:\nmodel\nhas_one :setting\naccepts_nested_attributes_for :setting, :allow_destroy => true\n\nview\n<%= f.fields_for :setting do |s| %>\n\nWhat are you using the attr_accessor for?", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Profile\n\nSearch\n\nSearch form\n\nYou are here\n\nAuden\n\nAn elegant and literary choice for poetry-loving parents. ", "W.H. Auden was one of the most beloved poets of the 20th century (you may remember \"Stop All the Clocks,\" which was recited in Four Weddings and a Funeral)." ]

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[ "Factors influencing union formation in Nairobi, Kenya.", "\nUsing retrospective data from the Urban Integration Survey conducted in 2001 in Nairobi, Kenya, on a sample of 955 women and men aged 25-54, this paper compares factors influencing entry into union formation for men and women. ", "The analysis uses event history methods, specifically Cox Proportional Hazards regression, stratified by age cohort and run separately by sex. ", "The results indicate that delay in union formation is more pronounced for women than for men. ", "Cohabitation without formal marriage is the prominent form of union, especially among the younger generation, and appears to have increased. ", "For men, the timing of union is more dependent upon human capital acquisition than on cultural factors. ", "These findings show that the marriage search model, which was first applied in Western countries, can also hold in cities of developing countries. ", "Nonetheless, neither the search model nor the integration or the independence models apply to women's union formation, which very few exogenous factors can explain." ]

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[ "A fully automated determination of the left ventricular region of interest in nuclear angiocardiography.", "\nThe precise delineation of the left ventricular projection area is an essential part in the quantitative analysis of nuclear angiocardiograms. ", "We have devised an algorithm that permits automation of this step, based on a one-dimensional Laplace operator whose kernel is 2, 2, -2, -4, -2, 2, 2. ", "The operator characteristically enhances \"valleys\" more than edges and, therefore, favors septal and the valve plane detection. ", "The operator is applied vertically, horizontally, and along both diagonals. ", "Each pass is immediately followed by a local maximum search during which the image resulting from the Laplacian operator is reduced to a binary one, with zeros everywhere except where a local maximum was found along the path of the operator. ", "This resultant image yields a closed \"edge\" around the left ventricle, even though many structures outside the left ventricle are also delineated. ", "However, the centroid of the ventricle is defined from functional criteria and the region of interest is defined from centroid to first edge. ", "The method has been applied to first-pass and gated studies in anterior and 45 degree left anterior oblique views. ", "In 100 successive cases the ejection fraction obtained automatically was compared to the manual result. ", "The regression equation yielded the relation: automatic method (%) = 1.7 + 1.0 manual method (%) +/-2% (r = 0.995), which is not significantly different from the identity relation. ", "The failure rate was low (13%) but varied from 28% in the first-pass studies in the anterior view, to less than 8% in gated studies in the left ventricular oblique projection." ]

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[ "Clovers Far and Wide\n\nIt's meeee....\n\nHI! ", "I'm Dee and I'm a painter/designer. ", "I've worked for various animation studios and love to paint on my free time. ", "Enjoy my work!", "\nOH Yeah!!! ", "All work displayed is copyrighted to Dee and may not be used or copied without permission. ", "Thanks!" ]

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[ "A makeover for big data, analytics and everything\n\nWelcome to the new kid on the block, same as the old kid but sharper, tougher and even more relevant to business than before. ", "Who can it be, what do we call her and where does she live?", "\n\nWell here’s a surprise. ", "The newcomer is none other than the 4th generation of Enterprise Data Warehousing. ", "Ready and prepared to elevate Big Data, Analytics and an accompanying wealth of must-have data accessories to the dizzying heights of value-adding, business-changing and stakeholder-pleasing usefulness, utility and usability.", "\n\nRead the full article on the IT Circus blog hosted by IT World: http://www.itworld.com/article/3006473/big-data/what-can-data-warehousing-do-for-us-now.html" ]

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[ "Rentals\n\nSpecial Event Piano Rentals\n\nEvola Music is pleased to offer a fleet of quality upright and grand pianos for your wedding, party, or other special event.", "\n\nHome Piano Rentals – Try Before You Buy!", "\n\nStudents who enjoy and succeed with piano lessons have three things in common: unwavering parental support, inspiring piano teachers, and practice on good quality pianos! ", "Evola Music’s home piano rental program is an easy way to guarantee your student has the right instrument for success, for as low as $1.00 per day!" ]

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[ "#pragma once\n\n#include <boost/pool/pool_alloc.hpp>\n\n#include <functional>\n#include <memory>\n#include <vector>\n\nnamespace nano\n{\nbool get_use_memory_pools ();\nvoid set_use_memory_pools (bool use_memory_pools);\n\n/** This makes some heuristic assumptions about the implementation defined shared_ptr internals.", "\n Should only be used in the memory pool purge functions at exit, which doesn't matter much if\n it is incorrect (other than reports from heap memory analysers) */\ntemplate <typename T>\nconstexpr size_t determine_shared_ptr_pool_size ()\n{\n\tstatic_assert (sizeof (T) >= sizeof (size_t), \"An assumption is made about the size being allocated\");\n#ifdef __APPLE__\n\tconstexpr auto size_control_block = 3 * sizeof (size_t);\n#else\n\tconstexpr auto size_control_block = 2 * sizeof (size_t);\n#endif\n\n\treturn size_control_block + sizeof (T);\n}\n\n/** Deallocates all memory from a singleton_pool (invalidates all existing pointers). ", "Returns true if any memory was deallocated */\ntemplate <typename object>\nbool purge_singleton_pool_memory ()\n{\n\treturn boost::singleton_pool<boost::fast_pool_allocator_tag, nano::determine_shared_ptr_pool_size<object> ()>::purge_memory ();\n}\n\nclass cleanup_guard final\n{\npublic:\n\tcleanup_guard (std::vector<std::function<void()>> const & cleanup_funcs_a);\n\t~cleanup_guard ();\n\nprivate:\n\tstd::vector<std::function<void()>> cleanup_funcs;\n};\n\ntemplate <typename T, typename... Args>\nstd::shared_ptr<T> make_shared (Args &&... args)\n{\n\tif (nano::get_use_memory_pools ())\n\t{\n\t\treturn std::allocate_shared<T> (boost::fast_pool_allocator<T> (), std::forward<Args> (args)...);\n\t}\n\telse\n\t{\n\t\treturn std::make_shared<T> (std::forward<Args> (args)...);\n\t}\n}\n}\n" ]

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[ "This is really simple. ", "A server is a computer with a huge connection using a program especially made for Undernet servers called ircu2.", "\nThis software is made to hold all the servers together, protect the channels against Server Ops, and handles all text we write (forwards it to all other servers).", "\nIt also contains a lot of data that we do not need to go over here.", "\n\nOk but how do they work? ", "Who gets paid to keep a connection alive?", "\n\nAll servers are online 24 / 7 if they are not worked on. ", "They 'talk' to each other continuously to check if the connection is still there.", "\nNow we come to a paradox. ", "When a netsplit ocurrs 'we' say the Server or hub got overloaded and it split away to protect itself. ", "Wrong.", "\nThe servers can never get overloaded. ", "They can be flooded. ", "They can be nuked. ", "They can split away for numerous other reasons, but they can NOT get overloaded.", "\nWhen a server is full, they won't let you connect. ", "That's it. ", "They don't split away for too much data, they split away because they don't have time to talk to each other.", "\n\nThen what happens?", "\n\nWhen a server is full with connections its starts to lag a bit. ", "This is normal because the connection is supposed to handle so much traffic. (", "most servers can handle 2000+ connections)\nLet's say we have 100 users and they all are on 2 channels with 100 users. ", "They say Hi on both channels they are in. ", "Then the server must send Hi 100 x 100 x 2 x 32.", "\nWhen sending this much data the connection to the next server can be affected.", "\n\nNow that one person says this is not a problem, but just think about when we get all those people flooding us with text :o/ .", "\nThe server stops sending its 'pings' to the next server and that server does not see that connection as a live one. ", "This is what we call Ping Timeout.", "\nThe servers next to it do not get an answer and therefore it starts looking for a better connection. ", "So the server that lags too much splits away (looses its connection to the network).", "\nWhen this happens to a major server that serves as a Routing Hub also we get a huge netsplit. ", "All servers connected to that hub go with it and then forms two separate networks.", "\nThis is something that often happens to Europe Vs US.", "\n\nI know this is hard to read, it would seem like I am talking against myself in matter of overloaded servers and hubs but I'm not, lol.", "\nFor a server or hub to be overloaded it would take in more connections then its set up to do, and it won't. ", "In this case the server will tell you, Sorry your connection class is full.", "\nA server never accepts more connections then it is meant to handle, but when the network is -- or gets to a certain point -- it's the connections that start messing up and that is almost always what disconnects a server.", "\n\nWhen a server merges, connects back to the network, we can get a server that is out of synch. ", "You might notice this when you set a ban and a server lifts it immediately. ", "What you can do is 3 things.", "\n\nAlways try to connect to that server. ", "Use a clone if needed but try. ", "When you succeed, deop the remaining ops and Op them again. ", "Reason: The server is lagged a bit.", "\nIt doesn't see you as an Op and therefore uses its protection against server Ops and deops you or unban your bans. ", "When you do this procedure it will recognize you as an Op and approve your actions.", "\n\nIf you can get hold of a 450 OP, ask them to make W cycle the channel. ", "This is because W is on a server of its own.", "\nWhen the desynched server see W again as op it will not take actions against Server Ops and such since W has higher access then a server and also handles this problem.", "\nSee, This works as #beginner OP ranking also. ", ":o)\n\nGet holds of an IRCop and tell them to clear channel. ", "This prolly won't be done unless we are about to loose the channel, but it's worth a shot.", "\n\nAll servers are donated by someone, mostly universities and big ISP's, as well as a couple of private servers.", "\nTherefore No One gets paid to keep a server, it's all based on the generosity of others.", "\n\nYou can also get statistics information from a server check, o-lines , k-lines , g-lines and the list is long. ", "Just type\n/stats g (g = g-lines , k = k-lines and so on) All commands you get from a server are called 'Raw command'\nThis is a numerical command that your client can resolve into a text, action, or mode.", "\n\nIRC was created in 1988 by Jarkko Oikarinen. ", "It started in Finland and is now used in over 70 countries around the world.", "\nIRC is simple when it comes to how it works. ", "When you type a line of text, that line goes to the server you are using.", "\nThen, that server is linked to all the other Undernet servers, and the line you typed is displayed there to the other users in the group.", "\n\nThe Undernet contains 46 servers in total + 6 routing hubs. (", "as of July 1999) Note: All the servers are not visible other when you do a /map or /link command.", "\nThe most used server is NewBrunswick with over 70,000 connections a day.", "\n\nHope this file helps a little bit towards coming to terms with all that tech stuff going around and mainly all the other things you never get to try out.", "\n\nRaphsody has written additional help pages for us, you can find them here:" ]

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[ "\n\nAsk HN: Need advice on an idea I started (craft beer related) - kaiserama\n\nAfter reading pg's recent posting about Organic business ideas I was inspired to ask this community for advice on a project that I started awhile back.<p>Here's the url http://www.hopchart.com<p>I got into craft beer a few years ago, but didn't have an efficient way of figuring out what to try. ", " So I just decided to make a system that let me track what I drank, give it a rating, and then follow others. ", " Not rocket science.<p>There are plenty of beer rating sites on the internet (Beer Advocate, RateBeer, etc) but they can often be intimidating to newbies and they really only encourage one rating of a given beer (and require a relatively substantial review). ", " My concept was to keep it simple so that users will keep rating their beer. ", " If a Beer Advocate rating is like a blog, then a HopChart rating is like a tweet. ", " And so that has become my concept. ", " Keep it simple.<p>I started this site because I had a lull in work and because it was something that I wanted to use. ", " I've ended up spending a bit more time and effort on it then I had intended and now I'm trying to figure out if I should keep it where it is or take it a bit further. ", " The problem is I'm in a state of paralysis by analysis. ", " I honestly don't know what direction to go. ", " I have a number of things (including iphone app, foursquare integration) in the pipeline but I'm afraid of investing more time/money/effort if I don't know what the ultimate goal is. ", " One of my shortcomings is not spending enough time marketing it, I've given myself the excuse that I don't know exactly what I'm building yet...lame I know. ", " Another shortcoming is not making use of the data I have for building a good recommendation engine.<p>So now the advice part. ", " What would you do if you were in my shoes? ", " I have the makings of gathering craft beer consumption information in real time with geolocations. ", " Craft beer industry is growing by volume and by dollars (I think 6 and 8% respectively) and gaining exposure. ", " But I can't seem to figure out a good way to capitalize on what I have.<p>I'm open to any and all ideas, suggestions, criticism, and comments.<p>Thanks in advance.", "\n======\nbinarymax\nI like it! ", "One note: if I am not logged in, and I browse to a beer, and click\nthe 'I drank this!' ", "button, it just kicks me back to the root, where instead\nit should probably show a login/register dialog.", "\n\n[edit] Sorry I missed the original point of your post and did a re-read...your\nsite seems to be just another niche pick/rate/review which is fine, but if you\nwant to expand it then you need to innovate. ", "I rated a Beer and it just gave\nme a dumb list of other Beers with no (noticable) reason for the list. ", "Maybe\nthis is because you dont have enough data yet? ", "Maybe you could capture some\nuser-centric locale data and tie them with places to find recommended or\nfavourite beer. ", "Enable your ads as quickly as possible and make darn sure they\nare relavent, (you dont want an Anheuser-Busch ad showing up on your site),\nmaybe evolved companies that started as craft such as Magic Hat etc. ", "Perhaps\nfind ways to get revenue sharing group discounts on brewery tours, coupons to\nmicrobreweries, or craft beer equipment stores. ", "Let users submit photos of\nbeer labels. ", "Sorry if I am rambling.", "\n\n~~~\nkaiserama\nOh great point! ", "I will definitely add that in.", "\n\n~~~\npo\nA friend of mine recently created a similar flickr pool:\n<http://www.flickr.com/groups/1086657@N24/>\n\n------\nmaxdemarzi\nI think you have a great thing here. ", "I like the polish of the \"Unidentified\nLocation Object\" and there is plenty of GUI \"Ajaxiness\" going on.", "\n\nMaybe a Map feature? ", "What high rated beers I haven't tried are near me (you\ncan add high rated beers as rated by users who are similar to me aka\nrecommendation engine later)?", "\n\nOne quick improvement is to add <A Link> to the city and state where the\nperson had their drink and then list beers had there or near there. ", "Improve it\nlater by adding Zip Code/Geolocation to the user registering, and then you can\nfind/sort by distance to beers and people which can then create beer\nconnoisseur groups ala meetup.com\n\n~~~\nkaiserama\nThe location thing is definitely I could add now. ", "I like the map feature\nsuggestion and hope to have that integrated into the second iphone app\nversion. ", "Thanks for the compliment and the reply.", "\n\n------\ntimdellinger\nFirst: recommendations are a Must Have.", "\n\nGeolocation: craft beers often have limited distribution, and are only\navailable in certain states, or in areas where the distributors decide to\ncarry them. ", "Reviews of craft beers that you can actually find in a store / bar\nnear you are more valuable than finding the one beer that you will totally\nlove, which happens to only be available in Western Montana.", "\n\nMonetizing: sell your data! ", "To breweries, to retailers, to distributors. ", "Your\ncorrelations reduce the risk inherent in deciding to carry a new product.", "\n\nDreaming: point the iPhone at a beer menu, and the app OCRs the beer names,\nand up pops ratings.", "\n\nMinor criticism on the website: I typed \"bell's oberon\" into the search box\nand couldn't figure out how to click and make the search go. ", "It wasn't until I\ntyped \"oberon\" really slowly that I got it to work. ", "If I were just casually\nstopping by the site, I would have given up.", "\n\n------\nadelevie\nPandora for Beer.", "\n\n~~~\nkaiserama\ninteresting...so maybe having a recommended beer show up after they enter in a\nbeer?", "\n\n~~~\nadelevie\nTalk to bars, see if your data can be of any use for them. ", "Maybe a customer\ngoes to a bar, orders 4 samples, discusses his/her opinions, and using your\ndata, a bartender can recommend the \"perfect beer\".", "\n\nFound this from a quick google search:\n<http://beeradvocate.com/forum/read/1927541>\n\n~~~\nkaiserama\nThanks for your suggestions! ", "Really excellent ideas, I appreciate it.", "\n\n------\nqtvali\nAdvertising? ", "Beer advertising in banners? ", "Joining with a beer review\nnewspaper?", "\n\n" ]

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[ "\"Carroll Dunham and Laurie Simmons, the parents of prodigious millennial Lena Dunham, have sold their Tribeca loft at 16 Desbrosses St, #4S for $6.25 million. ", "The 3,600-square-foot location for the award winning film, Tiny Furniture, was once a textile warehouse. ", "In recent years, the bright, airy space, perfectly suited for artistic inspiration, was re-designed by architect David Bers who was also responsible for designing the couple’s other residence in Cornwall, CT. ", "They also collaborated with interior designer Nick Dine, son of pop artist Jim Dine, and the result was an open, spacious live/work design prepared to accommodate any sudden bursts of inspiration.", "\n....\"\n\n\"....\nThe Dunhams bought the apartment in 2001 as part of a consortium of artists who banded together to buy the entire building for $7.9 million.", "\nBut the family didn't move into the house until 2004, instead living in a rental in Brooklyn Heights while it was renovated.", "\n....\"\n\nOne part of the apartment is a duplex entirely for studio space.", "\n\nCarroll Dunham uses the above space for work.", "\n\nAnother one of the home's many workspaces.", "\n\n\"....\nThe layout the Dunham Simmons have chosen for this multi-level space included 2 bedrooms, an office, a studio, 2 full baths and 2 half baths. ", "However, if the new resident prefers more space for visiting friends and relatives, the office and studio can easily be converted into 2 other bedrooms.", "\n\nThe apartment also definitely doesn’t suffer from a shortage of places to put things with a private storage room in the cellar — and let’s be honest, the Dunham Simmons clearly love their built-ins. ", "The home features built-ins throughout bedrooms, bathrooms, living rooms, and dressing rooms in several types of wood, from walnut to cherry to poplar.", "\n....\"" ]

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[ "As the Vive becomes an increasingly essential part of HTC’s future, the company is making sure that no stone is left unturned when it comes to potential profit. ", "What perhaps began as a side project for the company is turning into its potential financial future as revenues rapidly decline in the company’s handset division.", "\n\nToday at VRLA, HTC announced that it will be opening a dedicated virtual reality app store called Viveport to host largely non-gaming content verticals that aren’t currently being served by Valve and its Steam store.", "\n\nHTC says the Viveport store will be available in Vive headsets, web browsers, the PC app and, most interestingly, on a mobile app. ", "HTC has previously not shown off many pursuits in the mobile VR space, which is perhaps a bit ironic given its former status as a major leader in the mobile space.", "\n\nThe Viveport store will largely focus on hosting non-gaming verticals including “education, design, art, social, video, music, sports, health, fashion, travel, news, shopping, creativity tools, and more,” according to the press release. ", "HTC will take a standard 70/30 app store revenue split with developers, potentially opening themselves up to some major profits. ", "The store will also support in-app purchases and subscriptions alongside a more standard pay-to-download model.", "\n\nThis entire situation is perhaps a bit unfortunate on the user experience side, as consumers will now have to visit separate storefronts for separate types of content. ", "It already wasn’t all that clear to begin with as HTC’s holodeck-esque Vive Home section and Valve’s Steam store relay much of the same functionality in terms of separate app-launchers and home screens. ", "Now, you’ll also be downloading experiences from separate corners of the app, with Vive Home prioritized for most non-gaming content, but the Steam store is still just a physical button tap away on the Vive controller.", "\n\nI also expect the line to grow increasingly murky between what types of content would be found in each store. ", "When I pressed HTC SVP Rikard Steiber on how clean the distinction would be between content on Viveport and the Steam store, he painted a picture of some redundancy with Steam continuing to remain a clear home for “hardcore gaming content.”", "\n\n“Our recommendation to developers today is that they make sure that they publish [their content] everywhere,” said Steiber.", "\n\nThough it may be a bit messy at first, HTC’s shift to build a non-gaming storefront is a smart one and will help lend some differentiation to the Vive brand in a field about to be crowded further by the PSVR, which will obviously hold gaming central to its product DNA." ]

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[ "Annette Jørgensen\n\nAnnette Jørgensen (born 25 April 1966) is a Danish swimmer. ", "She competed in three events at the 1988 Summer Olympics.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1966 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Danish female swimmers\nCategory:Olympic swimmers of Denmark\nCategory:Swimmers at the 1988 Summer Olympics\nCategory:People from Thisted" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to obtain all solutions for Cos[x] Cosh[x] == 1?", "\n\nBoth analytical solutions or all numerical solutions are good enough. ", "FindRoot may be a possible solution, any better solution?", "\nFindRoot[Cos[x] Cosh[x] == 1, {x, Table[i, {i, 5, 50, 3}]}]\n\n{x->{4.73004,7.8532,10.9956,14.1372,17.2788,20.4204,10.9956,10.9956,14.1372,14.1372,17.2788,17.2788,41.,44.,47.,50.}}", "\n\nA:\n\nobserve since Cosh blows up the solutions are all near the zeros of the periodic Cos:\n x /. # & /@ \n Flatten[Table[ \n FindRoot[ Cos[x] Cosh[x] - 1 , {x, Pi(1/2 + n)}, \n WorkingPrecision -> 20] , {n, 1, 100}]]\n\n{4.7300407448627040260, 7.8532046240958375565, 10.995607838001670908, \\\n 14.137165491257464177, 17.278759657399481438, 20.420352245626061091, \\\n 23.561944902040455075, 26.703537555508186248, 29.845130209103254267, \\\n 32.986722862692819562, 36.128315516282622650, 39.269908169872415463, \\\n 42.411500823462208720, 45.553093477052001958, 48.694686130641795196, \\\n 51.836278784231588435, 54.977871437821381673, 58.119464091411174912, \\\n 61.261056745000968150, 64.402649398590761388, 67.544242052180554627, \\\n 70.685834705770347865, 73.827427359360141104, 76.969020012949934342, \\\n 80.110612666539727581, ....\n\n(plus 0 .. and it is symmetric of course) \nI suppose that's pretty close to where you started except make the table {3Pi/2,..,Pi}\nEdit --- large x approximation:\n asymp = Simplify[x /. First@Solve[ \n Simplify[ Normal@Series[ Cos[x] Cosh[x] ,\n {x, Pi ( n + 1/2) , 1}] == 1,\n Element[n, Integers]] , x ]]\n\n(1/2 + n) Pi - (-1)^-n Sech[(1/2 + n) Pi ]\n\nThis shows the error in this approximation, as well as the error with simply using Pi(n+1/2)\n Show[{\n ListLogPlot[ \n Table[asymp - (x /. FindRoot[Cos[x] Cosh[x] - 1, {x, Pi (1/2 + n)} ,\n WorkingPrecision -> 100]) , {n, 20}] , PlotStyle -> Red],\n ListLogPlot[ \n Table[Pi ( n + 1/2) - (x /. FindRoot[Cos[x] Cosh[x] - 1, {x, Pi (1/2 + n)} ,\n WorkingPrecision -> 100]) , {n, 20}] ]}]\n\n" ]

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[ "Analysis of volatile components from Cortex cinnamomi with hyphenated chromatography and chemometric resolution.", "\nIn this paper, the combination of hyphenated chromatography and chemometric resolution was investigated as a method to qualitatively and quantitatively determine volatile components in Cortex cinnamomi from four main producing areas. ", "With the help of chemometric resolution approaches, whether the chromatographic elution of chemical components is featured by \"first-in-first-out\" or embedded peaks could be determined. ", "Upon this useful information obtained, the matrix data generated by hyphenated chromatography could be uniquely resolved into pure chromatogram and spectrum of each chemical component involved followed by qualitative and quantitative analysis. ", "The results obtained in this work showed that, 94, 88, 93 and 89 volatile components were separated and 63, 60, 60 and 58 of them qualitatively and quantitatively determined representing about 93.39, 93.62, 92.03 and 92.59% of the total relative content, respectively. ", "The combination of hyphenated chromatography with chemometric resolution could greatly enhance the chromatographic separation and spectral qualitatively determination ability so as to qualitatively and quantitatively detect many more volatile components and improve the analysis accuracy." ]

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[ "William deVry\n\nWilliam deVry (born April 20, 1968) is a Canadian television actor. ", "He is best known for his roles in American daytime soap operas, as Tim Dolan on Port Charles, as Michael Cambias on All My Children, as Storm Logan on The Bold and the Beautiful, and currently as Julian Jerome on General Hospital. ", "He is also known for roles in the Earth: Final Conflict, Stargate SG-1, InSecurity, and Nikita.", "\n\nEarly life\nHis birth name is William deVry Simard. ", "He moved to Florida with his mother at the age of 19. ", "His grandfather, Herman A. DeVry, founded the DeForest Training School, named after Lee De Forest, Herman's colleague and friend, now known as DeVry University. ", "DeVry comes from a long lineage of athletes and entrepreneurs. ", "His father lettered in several sports in college and his maternal grandmother held 26 world records in track and field.", "\n\nCareer\nDeVry appeared in a number of Canadian television series of the 1990s, including recurring roles on Earth: Final Conflict, as Joshua Doors, and on Stargate SG-1, as Aldwin. ", "In 2002, he began his career on American daytime soap operas. ", "His first soap role was on ABC's Port Charles in 2002. ", "He later joined the cast of All My Children, as Michael Cambias, and in 2004 was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. ", "From 2006 to 2008, he starred on The Bold and the Beautiful as Storm Logan.", "\n\nDeVry starred in the Canadian comedy series InSecurity in 2011. ", "He had a recurring roles on CW's Nikita and Beauty and the Beast, Netflix's Hemlock Grove, and guest-starred on Castle and NCIS.", "\n\nIn 2013, deVry joined the ABC soap opera General Hospital. ", "Using the alias Derek Wells, deVry is introduced as a media mogul and new boss to Kelly Sullivan's Connie Falconeri. ", "It's later revealed that Derek is in fact mob boss Julian Jerome. ", "DeVry has been involved in a central storyline since his debut and is also well connected to other characters with the reveal that Julian is the father of Sam Morgan (Kelly Monaco) and Lucas Jones (Ryan Carnes), one-time lover of Alexis Davis (Nancy Lee Grahn) and brother of Ava Jerome (Maura West). ", "DeVry signed a four-year contract with the show and made his on-screen debut on 30 July.", "\n\nPersonal life\nDeVry is in a relationship with Port Charles actress Rebecca Staab.", "\n\nFilmography\n\nFilm\n\nTelevision\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1968 births\nCategory:20th-century Canadian male actors\nCategory:21st-century Canadian male actors\nCategory:Anglophone Quebec people\nCategory:Canadian male film actors\nCategory:Canadian male television actors\nCategory:Canadian male soap opera actors\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Male actors from Montreal" ]

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[ "Ghana captain Asamoah Gyan says he does not regret moving to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Pro-League at age 26 and later to the Chinese Super League with Shanghai SIPG in 2015 because he did so to guarantee his future financially.", "\n\nGyan has been criticised by pundits for abandoning top-flight European football for money after his sensational loan switch to UAE Pro-League club Al Ain in 2011 from English Premier League club Sunderland when he was arguably at the height of his powers.", "\n\nHowever, the 32-year-old says he does not agree with his critics describing them as “Professors of every job”.", "\n\nWatch Asamoah Gyan’s World Cup goals below;\n\nAccording to Gyan who has gone on to become the Black Stars record scorer with 51 goals in 105 appearances, he decided to move to Al Ain at the age of 26 and later Shanghai SIPG because he wanted to guarantee his life and future.", "\n\nGyan who was on a reported salary of £227,000 per week at Shanghai SIPG explains:\n\n“Obviously, I do not agree with these criticisms, everyone thinks of themselves as Professors of every job, but nobody knows what you are going to do, of course, the team that I will go to is important, but we are human beings … doesn’t everyone work for money? ", "There were so many differences between the offered wages and my family, I guaranteed my life and my future.", "\n\n“If you leave football you have a few sentences about you but nobody knows what you are going to do. ", "It is my life, I chose this. ", "I have done very good work in the places I went to. ", "China, I played in France, England and Italy before Dubai and I do not regret the decisions I have made in my life.”", "\n\nHe also gave his approval to the decision of Congolese striker Cedric Bakambu, who at age 26 is making a similarly lucrative transfer by joining the Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan which will incidentally make him the most expensive African player in history when he pens a bumper £16m-a-year contract in China’s capital city.", "\n\nBakambu has already undergone his medical with the £65m deal set to be finalised. ", "Beijing Guoan have not only agreed to pay the £35m release clause for the Congolese striker but also all the imposed tax on the star – which will total around £30m.\n\n“Bakambu did very well in Spain and was 26 years old, and was offered a figure of 18 million euros a year and now he is gone. ", "Are you going to raise your career or to guarantee that you will be financially secure?”.", "\n\nHe also revealed that over 20 clubs wanted to sign him before he joined Turkish SuperLig club Kayserispor last July.", "\n\nGyan who was then a free agent following the expiration of his contract at Shanghai SIPG told the Anadolu News Agency that he received offers from numerous European clubs including Bursaspor before signing a two year deal with the Anatolian Stars as Kayserispor is known.", "\n\n“I got offers from Turkey before Kayserispor. ", "Over 20 managers called me. ", "It was Kayserispor who convince me. ", "The first half of the season was unlucky for me but I’m working very hard for the second half.", "\n\n“Our team did a very good job in the first half. ", "We have a very good technical director, a good understanding of tactics, a very important place thanks to him, we have a great president, they have supported me since the day I arrived, I have a saying, I can be a very easy hero but what is important to me is not how you started, but how it ends. “", "Some things are too early to talk, see how I finish, not how I begin.”", "\n\nRelated\n\nGhana News Online\n\nThe primary function of GhanaNewsOnline.com.gh is to gather, process and distribute news about Ghana and Africa to the World. ", "To serve as a News Agency with the mandate to present complete, in-depth objective and impartial information, news, and features rooted in investigative journalism." ]

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[ "We are half way through the Summer Season which means I had to make a stop in Los Angeles during the 4th of July weekend for Anime Expo. ", "This is one of the largest anime conventions in North America and the 2018 event attracted over 100,000 visitors from around the world.", "\n\nAnyone who enjoyed FanimeCon or the Game Developers Conference would also enjoy a weekend at Anime Expo. ", "The event had vendors from all over the world along with artist to sell copies of their work and a diverse group of special guests who were eager to meet their fans.", "\n\nThe Gaming Experience\n\nAnime Expo was not just about checking out what is hot in the world of anime but also an opportunity to also check out some of the most highly anticipated games. ", "During the weekend I got to try a lot of games, including some of the most highly anticipated titles.", "\n\nJump Force: When this game was first announced at E3 2018, it looked as if Bandi Namco was trying to one-up Super Smash Bros. Nintendo will always have its gallery of characters but Jump Force looks to be the alternative for anyone who has asked “can Goku beat Naruto Uzumaki“. ", "During the demo, I build a team made up of Goku, Freza and Monkey D. Luffy going against the other three characters in an intense battle. ", "The action was fast paced but also well balanced so players know what they are doing.", "\n\nKingdom Hearts III: It should not come as a surprise that one of the most anticipated titles would be the most popular one during Anime Expo. ", "The demo that was presented had players explore the world of Olympus (from Hercules) and Toy Box (from Toy Story) while having the chance to use some of the new gameplay mechanics.", "\n\nCode Vein: Was one of the most popular games at Bandai Namco booth as the line had to close several times during the day. ", "In the demo, players had to battle a boss named the Invading Executioner. ", "Given how difficult the game is and its popularity, everyone had a time limit to beat the boss. ", "Sadly I was unable to beat the boss before my time ran out.", "\n\nArtists and Vendors\n\nAnime Expo had over 100 merchants set up in the Exhibit Hall selling a verity of goods. ", "From figurines, old video games, and collectible merchandise are among the many gems in this treasurer trove. ", "Or one could pick up some amazing designs from respected artists. ", "Even if you had no shopping agenda, it’s still fun to look through all the cool stuff and meet the many artists.", "\n\nHere are some of the major vendors that stood out during the convention:\n\nIts just not an anime convention unless Crunchyroll has some kind of presence. ", "While they provided the swag bag and hosted several premiers during the weekend, they also had a shop selling all kinds of awesome memorabilia. ", "Fans could pick up some awesome t-shirts or hoodies at their booth or just look around.", "\n\nBandai Namco had a massive setup as they had a company shop setup along with several consoles featuring demos of their upcoming games. ", "Gamers could checkout upcoming titles like My Hero One’s Justice and Jump Force.", "\n\nAnyone wanting to pick up the a DVD copy of the latest series should have stop by the Funimation booth. ", "They also had setup a screening room which would show trailers for upcoming shows and movies. ", "On the side, fans could meet their favorite stars and get an autograph.", "\n\nAnyone who wanted to pick up some sweet hentai could stop by FAKKU booth. ", "Only open to anyone 18 years or older, visitors could have their picture taken in front of a wall of hentai or purchase some artwork.", "\n\nEvike is one of the largest airsoft retailers in the world and they had a major show of force in the center of the Exhibit Hall. ", "From airsofts based on real weapons to ones modeled after iconic fictional weapons.", "\n\nActivities\n\nFrom table-top games to video games and more, there was no shortage of activities during the weekend. ", "Being bored during this weekend had to be a personal choice and a sign of one being a buzz kill. ", "Here are some of the activities one could stumble upon:\n\nNo anime convention is ever complete without its own Maid / Butler Cafe. ", "Guest got to enjoy some tasty treats while playing fun games or watching a live performance by the staff.", "\n\nLounge 21 was the place to be for anyone who needed a cold one during the convention. ", "This was the place to be for anyone who just wanted to mingle with friends while enjoying a beer or cocktail.", "\n\nWhile not organized by the Anime Expo staff, there were random moments in which guests would participate in a raid in Pokemon Go. ", "With several gyms near by and a Community Day that allowed players a two hour window to catch Articuno, there were moments were convention guest would get together to participate in these raids.", "\n\nQuiet Lounge was the place to be for anyone who wanted to get away from the noise of the convention. ", "The rules are simple: no cell phone, no talking and no noise. ", "The perfect get away for anyone who needed a moment of peace.", "\n\nCafeteria and Food Trucks\n\nWith its location in the center of Downtown, the Los Angeles Convention Center is surrounded by a plethora of restaurants and bars. ", "Yet for those who did not want to travel far or leave the area, several food trucks setup around the area. ", "Guests had a diverse option from trucks that serve poke-bowls to ones that served gyro fries and curry burritos. ", "Despite the heat, the food trucks were among the best meal options available.", "\n\nMarriage Proposals\n\nNormally this is something I’ve seen a few times at FanimeCon and once at Silicon Valley Comic Con (in the presence of Stan Lee), so I should not be surprised to have encountered it a few times during Anime Expo. ", "This was the perfect weekend to ask that significant other for their hand in marriage.", "\n\nCosplay\n\nNo Anime Expo story is ever complete without mentioning all the amazing cosplayers that were present. ", "Some worked for authenticity while other added their own personal style. ", "There were also several scheduled gatherings were cosplayers from a media franchise could get together for a photo shoot.", "\n\nThoughts of a First Times\n\nEver since I started 8Bit/Digi, I’ve had the honors of going to a lot of major conventions in the Bay Area. ", "However, going to Anime Expo was a different experience for so many reasons. ", "It was the first convention I’ve covered outside of the Bay Area and the only one that attracted over 100,000 people. ", "It’s without a doubt that this is one of the largest conventions I have ever attended and I hope to be back next year.", "\n\nDisclaimer: Anime Expo provided 8Bit/Digi with a press pass for the weekend.", "\n\n34.0406119 -118.2692546\n\nLike this: Like Loading..." ]

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[ "It figures it would be the latest propaganda about baby sleep that would wake me from my blogging slumber. ", "This time it was news reports of a study by Dr. Marsha Weinraub, a psychologist at Temple University. ", "In an article recently published in Developmental Psychology, she reports on data (collected 20 years ago, oddly enough) from a study which tracked patterns of nighttime sleeping and wakening in babies aged 6 to 36 months. ", "Sleep patterns were recorded at four points in time – 6 months, 15 months, 2 years and 3 years. ", "They found that 30% of the babies were sleeping through every night at age 6 months, while another 29% were waking one or two nights a week. ", "The researchers decided for some reason that 30% and 29% add up to 66%, and that this means that that most babies sleep through the night at six months.", "\n\nI don’t agree with the math or the interpretation, but what really got me is the egregiously inaccurate way these findings were spun in the news piece put out by Temple University’s communications department and subsequently parroted in web and news stories around the world. ", "The University news story is framed with the entirely unjustified and arguably dangerous headline “Let crying babies lie: Study supports notion of leaving infants to cry themselves back to sleep.”", "\n\nThe study does nothing of the sort.", "\n\nI have to wonder if that headline made Dr. Weinraub, who is an attachment researcher among other things, cringe. ", "But, upon reading the journal article it’s very clear that she does support the mainstream idea that it’s important for babies to learn how to “self-soothe” and that mothers who attend too often or too quickly somehow interfere with this “ability.”", "\n\nThis is an opinion, not fact. ", "Nothing in her data supports this idea.", "\n\nFurther, Weintraub’s opinion is based one the biggest lies that parents have ever been told: the doctrine of self-soothing.", "\n\nI gotta tell ya. ", "My blood pressure rises every time I hear or see the words self-soothe. ", "Because it’s such a crock. ", "There is no research proof whatsoever that babies who sleep through the night do so because they have learned to “self-soothe.”", "\n\nOh, search the literature and you’ll find all sorts of references to self-soothing, some of which Dr. Weinraub quotes. ", "I know those studies because I read them. ", "I traced my way back through the all the references on self-soothing, trying to locate the study that actually proved that babies soothe themselves back to sleep. ", "I couldn’t find it – just a bunch of people saying (claiming) that babies learn to self-soothe around six months. ", "But actually, all that’s really been proven, as Dr. Weinraub’s data confirms, is that some babies are sleeping through the night by age six months. ", "But whether or not they do this because they’ve learned to self-soothe, is an interpretation, not science-based fact.", "\n\nHow do I know? ", "I e-mailed Dr. Thomas Anders, the guy who invented the term self-soothing way back in the in 1970s. ", "Here’s what he said when I asked him if any studies had documented that infants who go back sleep without crying engage in some sort of soothing behaviour to help themselves get back to sleep.", "\n\n“I know of no studies that address either of your questions. ", "Self soothing is a label we coined to contrast it with signaling (crying) upon awakening. ", "I would bet that most non-signaling awakenings occur without active self soothing.”", "\n\nThat’s a direct quote. ", "I still have the e-mail.", "\n\nSo this self-soothing that experts talk about is nothing more than a made-up research term. ", "But here’s what sometimes happens to research terms. ", "Somebody coins a research term in a study and then all the researchers doing similar research start to adopt it because it’s “in the literature.” ", "But after awhile people start to forget that it’s just a research term. ", "And since self-soothing appears to mean a certain thing – a baby actively soothing herself back to sleep – people started believing that it meant much more than it was ever intended to mean. ", "This is the same sort of thing that happens in propaganda and advertising. ", "Repeat something over and over and people start to assume it’s true.", "\n\nBut, no Virginia, there is no such thing as self-soothing, at least not the self-soothing that conventional sleep pundits talk about.", "\n\nI’m not saying that babies don’t wake up and go back to sleep on their own without crying. ", "Some do. ", "And I’m not saying babies never do things that could be thought of as self-soothing. ", "Obviously some suck their fingers and thumbs and seem to be calmed by that. ", "I’ve seen it happen. ", "But what isn’t proven – even though lots and lots of experts will tell you it has – is that babies learn the “skill” of self-soothing and that this “skill” is a developmentally normal and appropriate milestone for all six-month old babies.", "\n\nSo, anybody who says things like, “Learning how to self-soothe is a vital skill in learning how to develop good sleeping patterns during infancy,” (as one news story posited) is either a liar or very careless with facts.", "\n\nAnd anyone who claims that it’s normal for all babies to sleep through the night at six months is ignoring mountains of research evidence. ", "In fact, the pro-sleep training pundits’ own studies all show that night-waking is so common that it can only be thought of as one kind of normal. ", "To be fair, Weinraub doesn’t exactly state that anything is wrong with babies who wake at night beyond six months. ", "Mind you she does suggest that some babies may have had their “self-soothing” skills interfered with by parents who are too quick to comfort them. ", "Imagine! ", "Parents wanting to calm an upset baby. ", "Shocking!", "\n\nGrrrr.", "\n\nNight waking is a tough issue for a lot of families. ", "I know I’ve been there. (", "None of our three boys slept through the night until they were three – consistent, by the way, with one of the patterns noted in the Weinraub paper). ", "Tons of professionals, of varying opinions and philosophies, possibly including Marsha Weinraub, are sincere in their intent to help parents.", "\n\nI don’t believe there is any one solution that will work for all families.", "\n\nBut a couple of things are certain. ", "It doesn’t help to keep repeating something (the doctrine of self-soothing) that isn’t true. ", "Nor do I think it helps to tell parents that something that is within the range of normal is a disorder, or a sign of weak parental limit-setting, a sign of a disordered baby, or that night waking in baby and toddlerhood causes sleep and behaviour problems (I defy anyone to show me a single study that proves this).", "\n\nSome other time I’ll get into the elephant in the room which is the colossal disconnect between mainstream infant sleep ideology and the social and biological realities of breastfeeding (something that all mothers are encouraged – pressured, some say – to do these days). ", "The biggest single predictor of night waking in this study was breastfeeding at six months, something health authorities want all mothers to be doing.", "\n\nThere’s actually a lot of pretty interesting data in this study that was not reported in media stories. ", "In fact, I think the study could have been spun in a totally different way. ", "I’ll tell you about that in my next blog – very soon, I promise.", "\n\n(This post has generated an amount of interest that really surprised me. ", "If you want to read my take on what self-soothing really is, click here.)" ]

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[ "Never miss a thing from Belfast and beyond - sign up for FREE updates direct to your email inbox Subscribe Thank you for subscribing See our privacy notice Invalid Email\n\nA Belfast journalist was forced out of his home in West Belfast at the weekend after it was attacked.", "\n\nTim Brannigan who reported the incident to police as a hate crime said his home was attacked by \"thugs and racists\" on Saturday night (August 8).", "\n\nThe first floor bedroom window was the first to be smashed in the attack which resulted in Mr Brannigan having to leave his home in the early hours of the morning.", "\n\nPosting images on social media, Mr Brannigan said his home was pelted with various missiles including large bricks and stones.", "\n\nMr Brannigan said police did come out to the scene and advised him to stay somewhere else.", "\n\nHe blamed bonfire celebrations saying they were \"creating a misery for West Belfast.\"", "\n\nPoliticans and well-wishers tweeted their support to the Belfast writer following the attack.", "\n\nIn his book, Where are you Really From? ", "Tim tells the story of his childhood and being born into a white, devoutly Catholic family, his mum Peggy Brannigan was shattered when she became pregnant as a result of an extra-marital affair with a black medical student.", "\n\nPolice are appealing for information following the attack on Mr Brannigan's home and are treating it as a hate crime.", "\n\nInspector Alan Swann, from the local Neighbourhood Team, said: “At approximately 12:30am, police received a report of criminal damage to a property in the area. ", "A number of windows were smashed when items were thrown at the house.", "\n\n“Police are treating this incident as a hate crime and would appeal to anyone who was in the area, or anyone with information, to contact police on the non-emergency number 101. ", "Alternatively, information can be given to the Crimestoppers charity by telephoning 0800 555 111.”" ]

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[ "The Altar of Heaven (ô¸Ó¦) at the Temple of Heaven complex in Beijing, China is the most holy of Beijing's imperial temples. ", "It is also called the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the largest building in the Temple of Heaven.", "\n\nThe Temple of Heaven complex, now called the Temple of Heaven Park (ô¸坛Íë园), is regarded as \"a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design.\"", "\n\nThe Temple of Heaven has also been listed as World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.", "\n\nLocated in the southeastern part of central Beijing, the complex was visited by the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties for annual ceremonies of prayer to heaven for good harvest.", "\n\nThe temple complex was constructed from 1406 to 1420 during the reign of the Yongle Emperor, who built the Forbidden City in Beijing. ", "The complex was extended and renamed Temple of Heaven during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor in the 16th century.", "\n\nIt has also been regarded as a Taoist temple since then.", "\n\nThe Temple of Heaven was renovated in the 18th century under the Qianlong Emperor.", "\n\nThe temple was occupied by the Anglo-French Alliance during the Second Opium War.", "\n\nIn 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion, the Eight Nation Alliance occupied the temple complex and turned it into the force's temporary command in Beijing.", "\n\nThe occupation desecrated the temple and resulted in serious damage to the building complex and the garden.", "\n\nRobberies of temple artifacts by the Alliance were also reported.", "\n\nWith the demise of the Qing Empire, the temple complex was left un-managed. ", "The neglect of the temple complex led to the collapse of several halls in the following years.", "\n\nIn 1914, Yuan Shikai, then president of the Republic of China, performed a Ming prayer ceremony at the temple, as part of an effort to have himself declared emperor of China.", "\n\nIn 1918 the temple was turned into the Temple of Heaven Park (ô¸坛Íë园) and for the first time open to the public.", "\n\nThe Temple of Heaven was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. ", "It was described as \"a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design, which simply and graphically illustrates a cosmogony of great importance for the evolution of one of the world¡¯s great civilizations.", "\n\nThe symbolic layout and design of the Temple of Heaven had a profound influence on architecture and planning in the Far East over many centuries.", "\n\nIn ancient China, the emperor of China was regarded as the Son of Heaven, who administered earthly matters on behalf of, and representing, heavenly authority.", "\n\nThe temple was built for the ceremonies mostly comprising prayers for good harvests.", "\n\nTwice a year the Emperor and all his retinue would move from the Forbidden City through Beijing to encamp within the complex, wearing special robes and abstaining from eating meat.", "\n\nNo ordinary Chinese was allowed to view this procession or the following ceremony. ", "In the temple complex the Emperor would personally pray to Heaven for good harvests." ]

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[ "Strikeforce: Miami\n\nStrikeforce: Miami was a mixed martial arts event held by Strikeforce on January 30, 2010 in Sunrise, Florida, United States at the BankAtlantic Center. ", " The event aired live on Showtime in the US and on Super Channel in Canada.", "\n\nBackground\nA bout between Bobby Lashley and Shane Del Rosario had previously been agreed upon, however the fight was scrapped from the card. ", "Bobby Lashley was then expected to face Yohan Banks, however the bout needed commission approval, which was subsequently denied. ", "Jimmy Ambriz was then targeted by the promotion as late replacement for Banks. ", "However, Strikeforce decided not to go with Ambriz, despite being cleared by the Florida State Boxing Commission. ", "Wes Sims stepped in on short notice to fight Lashley.", "\n\nThe bout between Joe Riggs and Jay Hieron was scheduled to air live on EASportsMMA.com but the load on the server brought down the stream.", "\n\nThe event drew an estimated average of 517,000 viewers on Showtime.", "\n\nResults\n\nReported Payout\nThe following is a list of fighter salaries as provided by the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation. ", "The figures do not include deductions for items such as insurance, licenses and taxes. ", "Additionally, the figures do not include money paid by sponsors, which can often be a substantial portion of a fighter's income.", "\n\nNick Diaz: $100,000 (no win bonus) def. ", "Marius Zaromskis: $30,000\nCris Cyborg: $35,000 ($15,000 win bonus and $5,000 \"championship\" bonus) def. ", "Marloes Coenen: $2,000\nHerschel Walker: $600 (no win bonus) def. ", "Greg Nagy: $5,000\nRobbie Lawler: $100,000 (no win bonus) def. ", "Melvin Manhoef: $5,000\nBobby Lashley: $50,000 (no win bonus) def. ", "Wes Sims: $25,000\nJay Hieron: $65,000 ($35,000 win bonus) def. ", "Joe Riggs: $30,000\nMichael Byrnes: $2,000 ($1,000 win bonus) def. ", "David Zitnik: $1,500\nJoe Ray: $1,500 ($500 win bonus) def. ", "John Clarke: $1,000\nDavid Gomez: $2,000 ($1,000 win bonus) def. ", "Craig Oxley: $1,500\nPablo Alfonso: $3,000 ($1,500 win bonus) def. ", "Marcos DaMatta: $2,500\nHayder Hassan: $2,000 ($1,000 win bonus) def. ", "Ryan Keenan: $2,000\nJeffrey Cachia: $2,000 ($1,000 win bonus) def. ", "Matt Cooper: $1,000\nJohn Kelly: $2,000 ($1,000 win bonus) def. ", "Sabah Homasi: $1,000\n\nReferences\n\nSee also\n Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)\n List of Strikeforce champions\n List of Strikeforce events\n 2010 in Strikeforce\n\nMiami\nCategory:2010 in mixed martial arts\nCategory:Mixed martial arts in Florida\nCategory:Sports in Sunrise, Florida\nCategory:2010 in sports in Florida" ]

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[ "Christian Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt\n\nChristian Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt (1 April 1616 – 10 September 1666) was Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershousen. ", " From 1642 until his death, he ruled a part of the County around his residence in Arnstadt.", "\n\nLife \nCount Christian Günther II was the son of Count Christian Günther I of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1578-1642), and his wife, Countess Anna Sibille (1584-1623), the daughter of Count Albert VII of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.", "\n\nAfter the death of his father, the brothers were divided the County among themselves on and Christian Günther II received the entire Upper Schwarzburg-Sondershausen with his residence of Arnstadt.", "\n\nMarriage and issue \nIn 1645, Christian Günther II married since 1645 to Sophia Dorothea (d. 1685), the daughter of Count George of Mörsperg and Beffort, and they had the following children:\n Sibille Juliane (1646-1698), married Count Henry I of Reuss-Obergreiz (1668-1681)\n Sophia Dorothea (1647-1708), married Ernest, Count of Stolberg-Ilsenburg (1650-1710)\n Clara Sabine (1648-1698)\n Christine Elisabeth (1651-1670)\n Catherine Eleanor (1653-1685)\n John Günther IV (1654-1669), his successor, died unmarried and without issue\n\nSee also \n House of Schwarzburg\n Schwarzburg-Sondershausen\n\nReferences \n Friedrich Apfelstedt: Das Haus Kevernburg-Schwarzburg von seinem Ursprunge bis auf unsere Zeit, Arnstadt, 1890\n Dr. Kamill von Behr: Genealogie der in Europa regierenden Fürstenhäuser, Leipzig, 1870\n\nCategory:House of Schwarzburg\nCategory:Counts of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen\nCategory:1616 births\nCategory:1666 deaths\nCategory:17th-century German people" ]

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[ "Moberly Post Office offers Passport workshop\n\nEvent is March 9\n\nComment\n\nBy Submitted\n\nMoberly Monitor-Index - Moberly, MO\n\nBy Submitted\n\nPosted Mar. 7, 2013 at 1:00 PM\n\nBy Submitted\nPosted Mar. 7, 2013 at 1:00 PM\n\nMoberly, Mo.\n\nThe Moberly Post Office is hosting a special passport event in Moberly Mo. on Saturday, March 9, 2013 from 8:30 am until 11:00 am to provide passport information to U.S. citizens and to accept passport applications. ", "The Moberly Post Office is joining the Department of State in celebrating Passport Day in the USA 2013, a national passport acceptance and outreach event.", "\n\nU.S. citizens must present a valid passport book when entering or re-entering the United States by air. ", "U.S. citizens entering the United States from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean and Bermuda at land borders and sea ports of entry must present a passport book, passport card, or other travel documents approved by the U.S. government.", "\n\nInformation on the cost and how to apply for a U.S. passport is available at travel.state.gov. ", "U.S. citizens may also obtain passport information by phone, in English and Spanish, by calling the National Passport Information Center toll-free at 1-877-487-2778." ]

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[ "wdad\n\nGrowing up in a pastors home, we always kept it up through the 12th day of Christmas otherwise known as Epiphany ((http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)). ", "The celebration of the wisemen showing up on the seen. . . .", "\nWhen it was my time to set up my home we not only stayed with that tradition, but gifts from Mom and Dad were given on Epiphany, that way the focus of the 25th could be the celibration of Christ's coming the first time and the anticipation of his second. . . ", ".Merry Christmans!", "\n\nWhat are my thought about the potential sale of the Detroit Pistons to Mike Illitch. ", "Does it really matter? ", "Mike has done one heck of a job with the Red Wings. ", "The TIGERS, not so good! . ", ".But let’s talk about the Pistons. ", "The word on the street, or at least, on the News last night was that it looks like Mike is the last comic standing and plans to build a new stadium to house the Pistons and the Red Wings. . . .", "\n\nSo as most successful business persons operate, the purchase of the Pistons is just LEVERAGE, otherwise known as COMMITMENT (as viewed by the public in news papers) by a successful business person to convince the tax payers to support the building of yet another stadium. (", "The Palace was built 100% with Davison Money) Didn’t the taxpayers of Wayne County vote fund the building of Tiger Stadium. . . ", ".Are you a restaurant or hotel owner? ", "Have you seen any financial benefit of Commercial Park? ", "I have not. . . .", "\n\nEven before I was affected by the economic down turn, the only time I was able to attend any professional games was if there are extra tickets going unused at work. ", "But know I have noticed a goodly number of teams, regardless or what sport (NBA, MLB, NHL & NFL) do suffer from attendance drop off. . .", "\n\nTo make season tickets more palatable, a number of teams are offering “mini” season ticket packages, this reduces the financial commitment of the fans, sell their product and still and still connect with their fan base. . . ", ".What about expanding the fan base? ", "The problem is people are only willing to drive so far . . . ", ".Here is a novel thought. ", "It may be a little out of the box, but does any professional team have two home stadiums? ", "If in fact, Mike Illitch does end up purchasing the Pistons why not run a small test or pilot for a season or two and play games at Joe Louise and the Palace. ", "Pistons play 1/3 of their games at the Joe and Redwings play 1/3 of their games at the Palace. ", "Do the taxpayers really need to finance another stadium, when utilizing the existing facilities might actually be more financially beneficial?" ]

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[ "Magnetic resonance imaging can increase the diagnostic accuracy in symptomatic meniscal repair patients.", "\nThe purpose of this study was to evaluate meniscal repair healing in symptomatic patients through combined clinical assessment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and re-arthroscopy. ", "This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of MRI and clinical assessment in determining failed meniscal repair in symptomatic meniscal repair patients, as verified by re-arthroscopy. ", "Eighty patients were included. ", "All had undergone a primary meniscal repair followed by an MRI and re-arthroscopy due to clinical symptoms of a meniscal lesion. ", "A validated semi-quantitative scoring system was employed for identifying MRI-diagnosed healing failure. ", "The clinical assessment was divided into joint swelling, joint-line tenderness, locking and a positive McMurray's test. ", "The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of MRI and positive clinical findings were calculated using second-look arthroscopy as a standard. ", "The MRI results showed healing of 22 (27.5%) of the menisci and 58 (72.5%) unhealed menisci, whereas second-look arthroscopy identified 15 (19%) healed menisci and 65 (81%) unhealed menisci. ", "The isolated MRI findings were 0.85, 0.8, 0.95 and 0.55 for sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV, respectively. ", "The PPVs of the clinical assessments were 0.78, 0.85 and 0.94, with one, two and three clinical findings, respectively. ", "A grade 3 MRI combined with joint-line tenderness presented a PPV of 0.98. ", "A supplementary MRI will increase diagnostic accuracy when fewer than three clinical findings are present in a symptomatic meniscal repair patient. ", "The clinical relevance of this finding is that MRI contributes to enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of an unhealed meniscal repair when there are limited clinical signs of meniscal pathology. ", "III." ]

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[ "In this Unreal Engine 4 tutorial, you will learn how to create deformable snow trails using a scene capture and render targets\n\nIf you’ve been playing recent AAA games, you may have noticed a trend in snow covered landscapes. ", "A few examples are Horizon Zero Dawn, Rise of the Tomb Raider and God of War. ", "In all of these games, one thing stands out about the snow: you can create snow trails!", "\n\nAllowing the player to interact with the environment like this is a great way to increase immersion. ", "It makes the environment feel more realistic and let’s face it — it’s just really fun. ", "Why spend hours designing fun mechanics when you can just plop on the ground and make snow angels?", "\n\nIn this tutorial, you will learn how to:\n\nCreate trails by using a scene capture to mask out objects close to the ground\n\nUse the mask in the landscape material to create deformable snow\n\nOnly show trails around the player for optimization\n\nNote: This tutorial assumes you already know the basics of using Unreal Engine. ", "If you are new to Unreal Engine, check out our 10-part Unreal Engine for Beginners tutorial series.", "\n\nPart 1: Painting With Render Targets\n\nPart 2: Deformable Snow (you are here!)", "\n\nPart 3: Interactive Grass Note: This tutorial is part of a 3-part tutorial series on using render targets in Unreal Engine:\n\nGetting Started\n\nStart by downloading the materials for this tutorial (you can find a link at the top or bottom of this tutorial). ", "Unzip it and navigate to SnowDeformationStarter and open SnowDeformation.uproject. ", "For this tutorial, you will create trails using a character and a few boxes.", "\n\nBefore we start, you should know that the method in this tutorial will only store trails in a defined area rather than the entire world. ", "This is because performance depends on the render target’s resolution.", "\n\nFor example, if you want to store trails for a large area, you would need to increase the resolution. ", "But this also increases the scene capture’s performance impact and render target’s memory size. ", "To optimize this, you need to limit the effective area and resolution.", "\n\nNow that we have that out of the way, let’s look at what you need to create snow trails.", "\n\nSnow Trails Implementation\n\nThe first thing you need to create trails is a render target. ", "The render target will be a grayscale mask where white indicates a trail and black is no trail. ", "You can then project the render target onto the ground and use it to blend textures and displace vertices.", "\n\nThe second thing you need is a way to mask out only the snow-affecting objects. ", "You can do this by first rendering the objects to Custom Depth. ", "Then, you can use a scene capture with a post process material to mask out any objects rendered to Custom Depth. ", "You can then output the mask to a render target.", "\n\nNote: A scene capture is basically a camera with the ability to output to a render target.", "\n\nThe important part of the scene capture is where you place it. ", "Below is an example of the render target captured from a top-down view. ", "Here, the third person character and boxes have been masked out.", "\n\nAt first glance, a top-down capture looks like the way to go. ", "The shapes seem to be accurate to the meshes so there should be no problem, right?", "\n\nNot exactly. ", "The issue with a top-down capture is that it does not capture anything underneath the widest point. ", "Here’s an example:\n\nImagine the yellow arrows extending all the way to the ground. ", "For the cube and cone, the arrowhead will always stay inside the object. ", "However, for the sphere, the arrowhead will leave the sphere as it approaches the ground. ", "But as far as the camera can tell, the arrowhead is always inside the sphere. ", "This is what the sphere would look like to the camera:\n\nThis will cause the sphere’s mask to be larger than it should be, even though the area of contact with the ground is small.", "\n\nAn extension to this problem is that it is difficult to determine if an object is touching the ground.", "\n\nA way to fix both of these issues is to capture from the bottom instead.", "\n\nCapturing From the Bottom\n\nCapturing from the bottom looks like this:\n\nAs you can see, the camera now captures the bottom side which is the side that touches the ground. ", "This solves the \"widest area\" issue from the top-down capture.", "\n\nTo determine if the object is touching the ground, you can use a post process material to perform a depth check. ", "This would check if the object’s depth is higher than the ground depth and lower than a specified offset. ", "If both conditions are true, you can mask out that pixel.", "\n\nBelow is an in-engine example with a capture zone 20 units above the ground. ", "Notice how the mask only appears when the object passes a certain point. ", "Also notice that the mask becomes whiter the closer the object is to the ground.", "\n\nFirst, let’s create a post process material to perform the depth check.", "\n\nCreating the Depth Check Material\n\nTo do a depth check, you need to use two depth buffers. ", "One for the ground and another for snow-affecting objects. ", "Since the scene capture will only see the ground, Scene Depth will output the depth for the ground. ", "To get the depth for objects, you just render them to Custom Depth.", "\n\nNote: To save time, I have already rendered the character and boxes to Custom Depth. ", "If you want to add snow-affecting objects, make sure you enable Render CustomDepth Pass on them.", "\n\nFirst, you need to calculate each pixel’s distance to the ground. ", "Open Materials\\PP_DepthCheck and then create the following:\n\nNext, you need to create the capture zone. ", "To do this, add the highlighted nodes:\n\nNow, if the pixel is within 25 units of the ground, it will show up in the mask. ", "The masking intensity depends on how close the pixel is to the ground. ", "Click Apply and then go back to the main editor.", "\n\nNext, you need to create the scene capture.", "\n\nCreating the Scene Capture\n\nFirst, you need a render target for the scene capture to write to. ", "Navigate to the RenderTargets folder and create a new Render Target named RT_Capture.", "\n\nNow let’s create the scene capture. ", "For this tutorial, you will add a scene capture to a Blueprint since you will need to do some scripting for it later on. ", "Open Blueprints\\BP_Capture and then add a Scene Capture Component 2D. Name it SceneCapture.", "\n\nFirst, you need to set the capture’s rotation so that it looks up towards the ground. ", "Go to the Details panel and set Rotation to (0, 90, 90).", "\n\nUp next is the projection type. ", "Since the mask is a 2D representation of the scene, you need to remove any perspective distortion. ", "To do this, set Projection\\Projection Type to Orthographic.", "\n\nNext, you need to tell the scene capture which render target to write to. ", "To do this, set Scene Capture\\Texture Target to RT_Capture.", "\n\nFinally, you need to use the depth check material. ", "Add PP_DepthCheck to Rendering Features\\Post Process Materials. ", "In order for post processing to work, you also need to change Scene Capture\\Capture Source to Final Color (LDR) in RGB.", "\n\nNow that the scene capture is all set up, you need to specify the size of the capture area.", "\n\nSetting the Capture Area Size\n\nSince it’s best to use low resolutions for the render target, you need to make sure you are using its space efficiently. ", "This means deciding how much area one pixel covers. ", "For example, if the capture area and render target’s resolution are the same size, you get a 1:1 ratio. ", "Each pixel will cover a 1×1 area (in world units).", "\n\nFor snow trails, a 1:1 ratio is not required since it is unlikely you will need that much detail. ", "I recommend using higher ratios since they will allow you to increase the size of the capture area while still using a low resolution. ", "Be careful not to increase the ratio too much otherwise you will start to lose detail. ", "For this tutorial, you will use an 8:1 ratio which means the size of each pixel is 8×8 world units.", "\n\nYou can adjust the size of the capture area by changing the Scene Capture\\Ortho Width property. ", "For example, if you wanted to capture a 1024×1024 area, you would set it to 1024. ", "Since you are using an 8:1 ratio, set this to 2048 (the default render target resolution is 256×256).", "\n\nThis means the scene capture will capture a 2048×2048 area. ", "This is approximately 20×20 metres.", "\n\nThe ground material will also need access to the capture size to project the render target correctly. ", "An easy way to do this is to store the capture size into a Material Parameter Collection. ", "This is basically a collection of variables that any material can access.", "\n\nStoring the Capture Size\n\nGo back to the main editor and navigate to the Materials folder. ", "Afterwards, create a Material Parameter Collection which is listed under Materials & Textures. ", "Rename it to MPC_Capture and then open it.", "\n\nNext, create a new Scalar Parameter and name it CaptureSize. ", "Don’t worry about setting its value — you will do this in Blueprints.", "\n\nGo back to BP_Capture and add the highlighted nodes to Event BeginPlay. ", "Make sure to set Collection to MPC_Capture and Parameter Name to CaptureSize.", "\n\nNow any material can get the value of Ortho Width by reading from the CaptureSize parameter. ", "That’s it for the scene capture for now. ", "Click Compile and then go back to the main editor. ", "The next step is to project the render target onto the ground and use it to deform the landscape.", "\n\nDeforming the Landscape\n\nOpen M_Landscape and then go to the Details panel. ", "Afterwards, Set the following properties:\n\nTwo Sided set to enabled. ", "Since the scene capture will be looking from the bottom, it will only see the ground’s backfaces. ", "By default, the engine does not render backfaces. ", "This means it will not store the ground’s depth into the depth buffer. ", "To fix this, you need to tell the engine to render both sides of the mesh.", "\n\nD3D11 Tessellation set to Flat Tessellation (you can also use PN Triangles). ", "Tessellation will split a mesh’s triangles into smaller triangles. ", "This effectively increases the resolution of the mesh and allows you to get finer detail when displacing vertices. ", "Without this, the vertex density would be too low to produce a convincing trail.", "\n\nOnce you have tessellation enabled, World Displacement and Tessellation Multiplier will be enabled.", "\n\nTessellation Multipler controls the amount of tessellation. ", "For this tutorial, leave this unplugged which means it will use the default value of 1.", "\n\nWorld Displacement takes in a vector value describing which direction to move the vertex and by how much. ", "To calculate the value for this pin, you first need to project the render target onto the ground.", "\n\nProjecting the Render Target\n\nTo project the render target, you need to calculate its UV coordinates. ", "To do this, create the following setup:\n\nSummary:\n\nFirst, you need to get the XY position of the current vertex. ", "Since you are capturing from the bottom, the X coordinate is flipped so you need to flip it back (if you were capturing from the top, you wouldn’t need to do this). ", "This section will actually do two things. ", "First, it will center the render target so that the middle is at (0, 0) in world space. ", "It will then convert from world space to UV space.", "\n\nNext, create the highlighted nodes and connect the previous calculation as shown below. ", "Make sure to set the Texture Sample’s texture to RT_Capture.", "\n\nThis will project the render target onto the ground. ", "However, any vertices outside of the capture area will sample the edges of the render target. ", "This is an issue because the render target is only meant to be used on vertices inside the capture area. ", "Here’s what it would look like in-game:\n\nTo fix this, you need to mask out any UVs that fall outside the 0 to 1 range (the capture area). ", "The MF_MaskUV0-1 function is a function I built to do this. ", "It will return 0 if the provided UV is outside the 0 to 1 range and return 1 if it is within range. ", "Multiplying the result with the render target will perform the masking.", "\n\nNow that you have projected the render target, you can use it to blend colors and displace vertices.", "\n\nUsing the Render Target\n\nLet’s start with blending colors. ", "To do this, simply connect the 1-x to the Lerp like so:\n\nNote: If you’re wondering why I’m using a 1-x, it’s just to invert the render target and make calculations a bit simpler.", "\n\nNow when there is a trail, the ground’s color will be brown. ", "If there is no trail, it will be white.", "\n\nThe next step is to displace the vertices. ", "To do this, add the highlighted nodes and connect everything like so:\n\nThis will cause all snow areas to move up by 25 units. ", "Non-snow areas will have zero displacement which is what creates the trail.", "\n\nNote: You can change DisplacementHeight to decrease or increase the height of the snow. ", "Also notice that DisplacementHeight is the same value as the capture offset. ", "Setting them to the same value will give an accurate deformation. ", "But there are cases where you might want to change them individually which is why I’ve left them as separate parameters.", "\n\nClick Apply and then go back to the main editor. ", "Create an instance of BP_Capture in the level and set its location to (0, 0, -2000) to place it underneath the ground. ", "Press Play and walk around using W, A, S and D to start deforming the snow.", "\n\nThe deformation is working but there aren’t any trails! ", "This is because the capture overwrites the render target every time it captures. ", "What you need here is some way to make the trails persistent.", "\n\nCreating Persistent Trails\n\nTo create persistency, you need another render target (the persistent buffer) to store the contents of the capture before it gets overwritten. ", "Afterwards, you add the persistent buffer back to the capture (after it gets overwritten). ", "What you get is a loop where each render target writes to the other. ", "This is what creates the persistency.", "\n\nFirst, you need to create the persistent buffer.", "\n\nCreating the Persistent Buffer\n\nGo to the RenderTargets folder and create a new Render Target named RT_Persistent. ", "For this tutorial, you don’t have to change any texture settings but for your own project, make sure both render targets use the same resolution.", "\n\nNext, you need a material that will copy the capture to the persistent buffer. ", "Open Materials\\M_DrawToPersistent and then add a Texture Sample node. ", "Set its texture to RT_Capture and connect it like so:\n\nNow you need to use the draw material. ", "Click Apply and then open BP_Capture. ", "First, let’s create a dynamic instance of the material (you will need to pass in values later on). ", "Add the highlighted nodes to Event BeginPlay:\n\nThe Clear Render Target 2D nodes will make sure each render target is in a blank slate before use.", "\n\nNext, open the DrawToPersistent function and add the highlighted nodes:\n\nNext, you need to make sure you are drawing to the persistent buffer every frame since the capture happens every frame. ", "To do this, add DrawToPersistent to Event Tick.", "\n\nFinally, you need to add the persistent buffer back to the capture render target.", "\n\nWriting Back to the Capture\n\nClick Compile and then open PP_DepthCheck. ", "Afterwards, add the highlighted nodes. ", "Make sure to set the Texture Sample to RT_Persistent:\n\nNow that the render targets are writing to each other, you’ll get persistent trails. ", "Click Apply and then close the material. ", "Press Play and start making trails!", "\n\nThe result is looking great but the current setup only works for one area of the map. ", "If you walk outside of the capture area, trails will stop appearing.", "\n\nA way to get around this is move the capture area with the player. ", "This means trails will always appear around the player’s area.", "\n\nNote: Since the capture is moving, any information outside the capture area is discarded. ", "This means if you go back to an area that previously had trails, they will no longer be there. ", "Stay tuned for the next tutorial where I’ll show you how to create semi-persistency.", "\n\nMoving the Capture\n\nYou might think that all you have to do is set the capture’s XY position to the player’s XY position. ", "But if you do this the render target will start to blur. ", "This is because you are moving the render target in steps that are smaller than a pixel. ", "When this happens, a pixel’s new location will end up being between pixels. ", "This results in multiple pixels interpolating to a single pixel. ", "Here’s what it looks like:\n\nTo fix this, you need to move the capture in discrete steps. ", "What you do is calculate the world size of a pixel and then move the capture in steps equal to that size. ", "Now each pixel will never end up inbetween other pixels and therefore no blurring occurs.", "\n\nTo start, let’s create a parameter to hold the capture’s location. ", "The ground material will need this for the projection math. ", "Open MPC_Capture and add a Vector Parameter named CaptureLocation.", "\n\nNext, you need to update the ground material to use the new parameter. ", "Close MPC_Capture and then open M_Landscape. ", "Modify the first section of the projection math to this:\n\nNow the render target will always be projected at the capture’s location. ", "Click Apply and then close the material.", "\n\nUp next is to move the capture in discrete steps.", "\n\nMoving the Capture in Discrete Steps\n\nTo calculate the pixel’s world size, you can use the following equation:\n\n(1 / RenderTargetResolution) * CaptureSize\n\nTo calculate the new position, use the equation below on each position component (in this case, the X and Y positions).", "\n\n(floor(Position / PixelWorldSize) + 0.5) * PixelWorldSize\n\nNow let’s use those in the capture Blueprint. ", "To save time, I have created a SnapToPixelWorldSize macro for the second equation. ", "Open BP_Capture and then open the MoveCapture function. ", "Afterwards, create the following setup:\n\nThis will calculate the new location and then store the difference between the new and current locations into MoveOffset. ", "If you are using a resolution other than 256×256, make sure you change the highlighted value.", "\n\nNext, add the highlighted nodes:\n\nThis will move the capture using the calculated offset. ", "Then it will store the capture’s new location into MPC_Capture so the ground material can use it.", "\n\nFinally, you need to perform the position update every frame. ", "Close the function and then add MoveCapture before DrawToPersistent in Event Tick.", "\n\nMoving the capture is only half of the solution. ", "You also need to shift the persistent buffer as the capture moves as well. ", "Otherwise, the capture and persistent buffer will desync and produce strange results.", "\n\nMoving the Persistent Buffer\n\nTo shift the persistent buffer, you will need to pass in the move offset you calculated. ", "Open M_DrawToPersistent and add the highlighted nodes:\n\nThis will shift the persistent buffer using the provided offset. ", "And just like in the ground material, you also need to flip the X coordinate and perform masking. ", "Click Apply and then close the material.", "\n\nNext, you need to pass in the move offset. ", "Open BP_Capture and then open the DrawToPersistent function. ", "Afterwards, add the highlighted nodes:\n\nThis will convert MoveOffset into UV space and then pass it to the draw material.", "\n\nClick Compile and then close the Blueprint. ", "Press Play and then run to your heart’s content! ", "No matter how far you run, there will always be snow trails around you.", "\n\nWhere to Go From Here?", "\n\nYou can download the completed project using the link at the top or bottom of this tutorial.", "\n\nYou don’t have to use the trails in this tutorial just for snow. ", "You can even use it for things like trampled grass (I’ll show you how to do an advanced version in the next tutorial).", "\n\nIf you’d like to do more with landscapes and render targets, I’d recommend checking out Building High-End Gameplay Effects with Blueprint by Chris Murphy. ", "In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to create a giant laser that burns the ground and grass!", "\n\nIf there are any effects you’d like to me cover, let me know in the comments below!" ]

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