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"Q:\n\nAre divs more computationally expensive than canvas?",
"\n\nI've been playing around with silly things like this: http://jsfiddle.net/dp5rvd91/5/\nWhere I use dynamically generated divs to create images. ",
"\n\nfor (var i = 0; i< its; i++){\n\n var size = i; \n var angle = dAngle * i; \n var o = Math.sin(angle) * range; \n var a = Math.cos(angle) * range; \n\n var left = cx - a + i;\n var top = cy - o+ i; \n\n var c = myservice.rgbToHex(i, i*2,i); \n\n var style = \"\".concat (\"position: absolute; left:\", left, \"px; top:\", top, \"px; width: \", i, \"px; height: \", i, \"px; background-color: \", c, \";\"); \n console.log(style); \n $scope.divs.push(style);\n\n}\n\n<!-- ",
"HTML-->\n<div ng-repeat = \"d in divs\" style = \"{{d}}\"/> \n\nJust wondering - is this computationally inefficient, compared to to say using an HTML5 canvas? ",
"\n\nA:\n\nYeah you probably want to do this in canvas, besides if you're looking to create an image, going from canvas to image is easy.",
"\nBut if you're doing it with divs you'd have to use html2canvas or some other library to turn it into an image.",
"\nAs far as if it's more computationally expensive it depends.",
"\na. 1 canvas is more expensive than 1 div.",
"\nb. But you have many many divs, it'd probably be more expensive than 1 canvas.",
"\nregardless, the picture you made has canvas written all over it. ",
"it's kind of funny you did it with divs. ",
"but whatever works. ",
"for a computer it's a joke regardless if we're talking about say less than a hundred divs. ",
"But if we're talking about thousands of divs then you might run into a problem though, the cpu will start to cry, so it'd be much more efficient to do it with canvas.",
"\n\n"
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"\nA large proportion of outdoor cordsets are used in agricultural or construction settings where they provide power for operating a hand-held power tool such as a drill or circular saw. ",
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"This same hazard can be found in cordsets for supplying power to recreational vehicles and electric motors, for example.",
"\nSpecialty cordsets exist to ensure a secure, water resistant connection between the male plug and the female receptacle. ",
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"Miodrag Vlahović\n\nMiodrag Vlahović (Миодраг Влаховић) served as President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro (within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) from May 1984 to May 1985. ",
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"The Project Gutenberg EBook of Farming with Dynamite, by E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co. This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. ",
"You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Farming with Dynamite A Few Hints to Farmers Author: E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co. Release Date: May 31, 2012 [EBook #39869] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FARMING WITH DYNAMITE *** Produced by Charlene Taylor, Erica Pfister-Altschul, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net\n\nSAVES MONEY\n\nTIME\n\nLABOR REMOVES STUMPS\n\nBOULDERS\n\nHARD-PAN ENSURES NEW, RICH SOIL\n\nINCREASED ACREAGE\n\nEASY PLOWING\n\nBIGGER YIELDS\n\nE. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co.\n\nESTABLISHED 1802 WILMINGTON, DEL.",
"\n\nCOPYRIGHTED\n\n1910\n\nBY\n\nE. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co.\n\nWilmington, Del.\n\nPRINTED BY\n\nThe Lord Baltimore Press\n\nBaltimore, Md.\n\n[pg 3]\n\nome farmers have a wrong idea about dynamite.",
"\n\nThey know it is a powerful explosive, and believe it is dangerous to handle.",
"\n\nDynamite is very powerful, much more so than gunpowder, but is actually safer to handle.",
"\n\nAfter more than a hundred years' experience in making and using explosives, we can truthfully state that by following simple directions with ordinary care, anyone can use our \"Red Cross\" Dynamite without harm.",
"\n\nThe purpose of this booklet is to tell you the wonderful value of the use of \"Red Cross\" Dynamite on the farm.",
"\n\nIf it interests you, as it surely will, and if you are progressive and ambitious, write for a copy of our \"Handbook of Explosives for Farmers, Planters and Ranchers,\" which will be sent free of charge and which tells just how to use \"Red Cross\" Dynamite safely and easily, and make it the greatest aid to profitable farming.",
"\n\nWe will be glad to correspond with you about any special requirements of your farm, or give you any information you want. ",
"Write our nearest office (see last page) and your letter will receive prompt, personal attention.",
"\n\n[pg 4]\n\nChief Uses of Dynamite on the Farm.",
"\n\nAs farmers all over the country begin to understand the value of \"Red Cross\" Dynamite in their work, they are constantly reporting new uses for this powerful assistant.",
"\n\nThe chief uses are mentioned below and are explained in detail further on. ",
"Complete instructions are furnished in the \"Handbook of Explosives for Farmers, Planters and Ranchers.\"",
"\n\nClearing Land of Stumps, Trees and Boulders,\n\nBreaking up Hard-Pan, Shale, or Clay Subsoils,\n\nPlowing,\n\nPlanting and Cultivating Orchards,\n\nDigging Ditches, Post Holes, Wells and Reservoirs,\n\nRoad-Making and Grading,\n\nExcavating Cellars and Foundation Trenches,\n\nRegenerating Old, Worn-out Farms.",
"\n\nClearing Land of Stumps, Boulders and Trees.",
"\n\nIt is needless to tell you the advantages of clearing land.",
"\n\nThe stump covered site of a former piece of woods, is, as you know, new, rich soil that needs no fertilizer.",
"\n\nYou also know that pulling stumps with a machine is the hardest kind of work—liable to injure seriously your horses, and certain to require a lot of work to get rid of the stump after pulling.",
"\n\nThen too, it leaves the field full of holes, that must be filled; and plowing the hard packed soil around old roots is no joke.",
"\n\nIf instead of pulling the stumps, you burn them out, the intense heat required destroys the chief fertile elements of the soil all around the fire. ",
"After all your hard work you will leave a burned field instead of new, fertile soil.",
"\n\nYou can dynamite all those stumps for about one-third the cost of pulling and chopping them up.",
"\n\nThe blast splits up the stump into firewood, removes all the dirt, breaks all the main roots, and loosens the soil for yards around.",
"\n\nYou can blast fifty stumps in the time it would take to pull and chop up one or two.",
"\n\n[pg 5] One man can do all the work, if necessary.",
"\n\nAfter the stumps are all blasted out, you will have a new, rich field, and easy to cultivate, requiring no fertilizer to yield bumper crops.",
"\n\nIf you want to remove a whole tree, \"Red Cross\" Dynamite will lift it bodily out of the ground, and it will usually fall with the wind. ",
"When this is done, there is no stump left to remove.",
"\n\nBoulders, which you are now obliged to plow around, can be broken up into easily handled blocks by a single blast.",
"\n\nWhat it Costs to Blast Out Stumps.",
"\n\nAt the latest \"Farming with Dynamite\" demonstration, held under the auspices of the Norfolk and Western Railroad, at Ivor, Va., on August 11, 1910, one and one-half acres, containing forty-six stumps were cleared in one day, at an expense of $18.00, including labor, or an average of 39 cents per stump.",
"\n\nRecords kept by the Long Island Railroad, covering operations on their Experimental Farm, showed that, including the wages of the men who did the work, the cost of blasting out stumps averaged about 16 cents per stump.",
"\n\nRecords kept of the cost of this work in different sections of the country show as follows:\n\nLocality and Kind of Stump. ",
"Average\n\nDiameter. ",
"Average Cost\n\nPer Stump. ",
"Southern— Pine Stumps 29 inches $0.30 Pennsylvania— Apple, Ash and Chestnut 34-½ inches $0 .56 Michigan— White Pine, Maple and Birch 32 inches $0 .47 Minnesota— Birch, Ash, Spruce and Pine 20 inches $0 .16 Illinois— Oak, Walnut and Gum 30 inches $0 .53 Western— Fir, Pine and Cedar 50 inches $ 1.13 Redwood 8 feet and over $ 2.00 and over\n\nRecords kept by Prof. A. J. McGuire, Superintendent Experimental Farm of the University of Minnesota, show even lower costs.",
"\n\nBreaking Up Hard-Pan, Shale or Clay Soils.",
"\n\nThis is probably the most important use of \"Red Cross\" Dynamite.",
"\n\nIt is possible, although difficult and expensive, to clear land of stumps and boulders in other ways, but it is not possible to break up hard-pan, or clay subsoils, without the use of \"Red Cross\" Dynamite.",
"\n\nLand that has a waterproof subsoil is practically worthless, as it holds the surface water in such quantities on level ground, that the roots of trees and plants are rotted away; on hilly ground, it allows the surface water to run off, thus preventing the storage of moisture, with the result that vegetation dies quickly in hot weather. ",
"Such land can be rendered fertile at once by blasting with \"Red Cross\" Dynamite. ",
"The subsoil is completely broken up and the dry, dead top soil converted into a rich loam for less than the amount of the taxes for a year or two.",
"\n\nThe following extract from the Topeka, Kansas, \"Mail and Breeze\" proves the wonderful results of this use of dynamite:—\n\n\"A few years ago M. T. Williams bought a quarter section of land near Medicine Lodge in Barber County, and, conceiving the same idea that Ex-Governor Crawford and others have, used dynamite in dealing with a hard subsoil. ",
"The land was overgrown with sunflowers and cockleburs and would have been considered dear at $10 per acre. ",
"It was underlaid with a hard subsoil that was almost impervious to water. ",
"Mr. Williams' idea was to loosen this subsoil with dynamite. ",
"He bored holes in the earth some 3 feet deep and about 40 feet apart, and in each hole placed a part of a stick of dynamite. ",
"The explosion of the dynamite loosened the hard subsoil, and made a reservoir for the rains, which had formerly run off the land nearly as fast as they fell. ",
"On this quarter there is now 100 acres of, perhaps, as fine alfalfa as can be found in the state. ",
"Mr. Williams has refused $15,000 for the quarter and gathers a net income from his alfalfa of from $30 to $35 per acre every year.",
"\n\n\"Last season Mr. Williams proposed to the ladies of the Baptist church that he would give them a load of hay, provided they would come out to the place, shock the hay, load it on wagons and haul it to [pg 7] town. ",
"They took him at his word and shocked and hauled to town two tons which sold for $16. ",
"When the second crop was ready the ladies came again, and 'touched' Mr. Williams for a little more than two tons which sold as well as the first load.\"",
"\n\nPlowing With Dynamite.",
"\n\nOrdinarily plowing merely turns over the same old soil year after year, and constant decrease in crops is only prevented by rotation or expensive fertilizing.",
"\n\nWith \"Red Cross\" Dynamite you can break up the ground all over the field to a depth of two or three feet, for less than the cost of adequate fertilizing, and with better results. ",
"Fertilizing only improves the top soil. ",
"Dynamiting renders available all the moisture and elements of growth throughout the entire depth of the blast.",
"\n\nIn an article by J. H. Caldwell, of Spartanburg, S. C., in the September, 1910, Technical World Magazine, he states that before the ground was broken up with dynamite, he planted his corn with stalks 18 inches apart in rows 4 feet apart and raised 90 bushels to the acre. ",
"After the ground was blasted, it was able to nourish stalks 6 inches apart in rows the same distance apart, and to produce over 250 bushels to the acre. ",
"This means an increase of about 160 bushels to the acre, every year, for an original expense of $40 an acre for labor and explosives.",
"\n\nF. G. Moughon, of Walton County, Georgia, reports that he has been raising crops of watermelons, weighing from 50 to 60 pounds each, on land blasted by exploding charges of about 3 ounces of dynamite in holes 2-½ to 3 feet deep, spaced 8 to 10 feet apart.",
"\n\nPlanting and Cultivating Orchards.",
"\n\nIn the orchard \"Red Cross\" Dynamite not only saves much labor and time in planting the trees, but ensures the best growth and large yields.",
"\n\n[pg 8] A man will spend an hour digging a tree hole that dynamite will excavate in an instant. ",
"The spaded hole will be hard all the way down, making it difficult for the transplanted roots to take hold. ",
"This is one of the chief reasons why transplanted trees so often die.",
"\n\n\"Red Cross\" Dynamite not only excavates the required hole, but also loosens the ground for yards around, killing all grubs, and forming a spongy reservoir for moisture. ",
"That is why trees planted in dynamited holes live and thrive.",
"\n\nA whole row of tree holes can be excavated in one instant when charged with \"Red Cross\" Dynamite.",
"\n\nOld trees are benefited by exploding small charges under them, or between the rows. ",
"This keeps the ground loose, and free from grubs.",
"\n\nA well known fruit grower reports that he planted peach trees some years ago to determine whether anything was to be gained by using dynamite. ",
"A number of trees were planted in holes by detonating a charge of explosives to make the holes, and others were planted in holes of the regulation size, dug by hand. ",
"Three years later the trees planted in the blasted holes were strong and healthy, each producing between five and six bushels of very fine peaches. ",
"The other trees planted on the same ground without blasting, bore no peaches, both fruit and leaves having shriveled up and dropped off during the dry season.",
"\n\nDigging Ditches, Post Holes, Wells and Reservoirs.",
"\n\nExcavating of any kind is slow, hard work when done with pick and shovel, especially in mixed ground containing large stones, roots, streaks of gravel or shale.",
"\n\nSeveral rods of ditch can be excavated in an instant with dynamite, varying the size of each charge according to the nature of the ground at that point.",
"\n\nMost of the dirt is thrown out by the blast and the remainder is broken up ready for the shovel.",
"\n\n[pg 9] A Missourian advises us of a ditch he has just blasted through a swamp for $100, which he says would have cost him $500 if dug in the usual way.",
"\n\nOn August 11, 1910, at the demonstration at Ivor, Va., above referred to, a ditch 85 feet in length, 3 feet deep and 4-½ feet wide at the top, was blasted with dynamite, at a cost not exceeding 10 cents per yard, or about $2.75 for the entire work.",
"\n\n\"Red Cross\" Dynamite is especially useful in excavating wells and reservoirs, as it opens up all the springs in nearby ground.",
"\n\nRoad-Making and Grading.",
"\n\n\"Red Cross\" Dynamite is a big saver of time and labor in making new roads, or leveling grades on old roads. ",
"Rock, shale, clay, gravel or sand, can all be broken up with ease, simply by varying the charge according to the nature of the ground and the depth of excavation desired.",
"\n\nExcavating Cellars and Foundation Trenches.",
"\n\nThis work can be done with \"Red Cross\" Dynamite in one-tenth the time required for hand and team shoveling, and the cost of the dynamite is but a fraction of the value of the labor saved.",
"\n\nRegenerating Old, Worn-Out Farms.",
"\n\nAll over the Eastern and Southern sections of the United States are farms and plantations, once rich, fertile and profitable, but now either abandoned, or so unproductive as to be almost worthless.",
"\n\nThe chief trouble with these farms is that the top soil is worked out.",
"\n\n\"Red Cross\" Dynamite can be used with complete success to turn up an entirely fresh, fertile soil, and convert a $10 an acre \"worked-out farm\" into land worth $50 to $100 an acre.",
"\n\n[pg 10] The cost in dynamite for this conversion would be about $10 to $15 an acre according to the nature of the soil.",
"\n\nThis matter is worthy of as much consideration on the part of farmers, and all others concerned with national resources, as the reclamation of desert areas in the West.",
"\n\nSurely it is as important to restore the productiveness of established farms in the East, as it is to open up new, fertile fields in the West and Southwest.",
"\n\nIf any portion of your farm is not productive, it is probable that \"Red Cross\" Dynamite can make it productive.",
"\n\nThe leading railroads of the country are taking the greatest interest in the increasing use of dynamite on the farm, because they know by actual results that it means more and better crops, bigger shipments and greater prosperity all along their lines.",
"\n\nMr. H. B. Fullerton, Director Agricultural Development of the Long Island Railroad, is one of the pioneers in this movement, and in an article entitled \"Reclaiming Waste Land on Long Island,\" his wife, Edith Loring Fullerton, graphically describes the use of dynamite in the preparation of waste land for cultivation.",
"\n\nHow Can We Help You?",
"\n\nFor more than a hundred years we have been making and selling explosives. ",
"We maintain a highly skilled corps of chemists, explosive specialists, and field representatives, whose sole duties are to study conditions and devise means for handling them.",
"\n\nIf there is any soil condition on your farm that we have not mentioned, and which you think might be remedied or improved by dynamite, please write us all about it. ",
"There will be no charge for the information we will send you; in fact, we will be much obliged to you for giving us the opportunity to study any peculiar condition.",
"\n\nBear in mind that the age, reputation and high standing of this Company are ample assurance that any statements made by us are conservative, and based on long and varied experience.",
"\n\n[pg 11] In any case we want you to write for our \"Handbook of Explosives for Farmers, Planters and Ranchers,\" which we send out only on request, as it is too valuable to send to anyone not interested enough to ask for it. ",
"Asking for it puts you under no obligation to us except to read it.",
"\n\nWe believe that when you have read it you will understand how simple, safe and economical the use of \"Red Cross\" Dynamite is, and that you will find many ways to save and make money with its aid.",
"\n\nE. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co.\n\nWILMINGTON, DELAWARE\n\nNovember, 1910\n\n\n\nE. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS POWDER COMPANY\n\nHOME OFFICE: WILMINGTON, DEL.",
"\n\nESTABLISHED 1802\n\nBRANCH OFFICES\n\nBOSTON, MASS. ",
"BIRMINGHAM, ALA. ",
"BUFFALO, N.Y. CHICAGO, ILL. ",
"CINCINNATI, O. CITY OF MEXICO DENVER, COLO. ",
"DULUTH, MINN. ",
"HAZLETON, PA. ",
"HOUGHTON, MICH. ",
"HUNTINGTON, W. VA. ",
"JOPLIN, MO. ",
"KANSAS CITY, MO. ",
"MEMPHIS, TENN. ",
"NASHVILLE, TENN.",
"\n\nNEW ORLEANS, LA. ",
"NEW YORK, N.Y. PHILADELPHIA, PA. ",
"PITTSBURG, KAS. ",
"PITTSBURGH, PA. ",
"PORTLAND, ORE. ",
"SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. ",
"SCRANTON, PA. ",
"SEATTLE, WASH. ",
"SHREVEPORT, LA. ",
"SPOKANE, WASH. ",
"SPRINGFIELD, ILL. ",
"ST. ",
"LOUIS, MO. ",
"TERRE HAUTE, IND.",
"\n\n\n\nEnd of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Farming with Dynamite, by E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co. *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FARMING WITH DYNAMITE *** ***** This file should be named 39869-h.htm or 39869-h.zip ***** This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/8/6/39869/ Produced by Charlene Taylor, Erica Pfister-Altschul, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be renamed. ",
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"The Health Benefits of Papaya\n\nThe Health and Nutritional Benefits of Papaya are truly amazing. ",
"Try Out a Papaya and See the Benefits!",
"\n\nMore topics in this article include:\n\nJust Keep in Mind the Balanced Diet\n\nFree Radicals are Easier to Fight Against\n\nIt’s Time to Protect Your Heart Health\n\nYou’re Reducing the Inflammation in Your Body\n\nOur Digestive Systems are Supported\n\nLet’s Not Forget Your Weight Loss Efforts\n\nYour Skin is Protected from Damage\n\nGive Your Immune System the Boost it Needs\n\nControl Your Diabetes and Prevent the Onset\n\nSupport Your Mental Health by Supporting Your Body\n\nBe Aware of the Latex in the Fruit\n\nThere is the Risk of a Laxative Effect\n\nNow it’s Time to Get Papaya into Your Diet\n\nThe Health Benefits of Papaya\n\nThe papaya was once an exotic fruit that was almost impossible to get in other parts of the world. ",
"Thanks to better shipping and technology, it is now possible to get papaya around the world. ",
"While in season local fruit is often considered the best, there are still some major benefits to the world today with access to these exotic and previously difficult to attain fruits.",
"\n\nPapayas are considered the world’s best fruit for health benefits. ",
"They are so full of vitamins and minerals that you could benefit by just eating a small part of one.",
"\n\nAnd papaya can be eaten in so many ways. ",
"You can opt for it in a pie, eat it raw, or even freeze or dry it out for your dessert needs. ",
"It’s a great addition to trail mixes, making them sweeter and better for you.",
"\n\nBut just how are you going to benefit from papayas and is there anything negative that you need to know? ",
"Just what type of conditions is it going to help with?",
"\n\nHere’s a full look at all the health benefits of papaya, and absolutely everything you need to know, so you don’t end up with any negative side effects."
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"Many observers have questioned the use of the tight end in LSU's offense during recent seasons.",
"\n\nBut, with Gary Crowton replacing Jimbo Fisher as offensive coordinator, the role for the Tigers tight end will undergo some changes.",
"\n\nUnder Fisher, the tight end was used primarily as a blocker. ",
"Keith Zinger, who missed virtually the entire 2006 season due to a stomach ailment, has caught 12 passes in his first three years.",
"\n\nTrue freshman Richard Dickson, who took over for Zinger, had six receptions. ",
"Mit Cole, who became the second tight end after Zinger went out, grabbed two passes. ",
"However, one can expect those numbers to increase in the upcoming season."
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"Pla taphian\n\nThe pla taphian () is a traditional central Thai handicraft. ",
"It is a woven hanging mobile, usually made from palm leaves, in the form of a fish (specifically the barb, which gives it its name). ",
"The barb is traditionally regarded as a symbol of prosperity and abundance, and pla taphian mobiles were usually hung over babies' cradles. ",
"Their production has largely declined over the centuries, but there are still centres of production where the craft is preserved. ",
"Today, pla taphian are mostly used as a decorative object.",
"\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Fish in art\nCategory:Palm trees in culture\nCategory:Thai handicrafts"
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"Q:\n\n404 response appended to webapi response\n\nI have managed to get TWO responses for a single web request:\n\nMy webapi response ( a simple string with 200 status code)\na 404, from what looks like a static file handler\n\nScreenshot from chrome:\n\nMy setup is:\n\nF#\nMono on Ubuntu 15.10\nxsp4 as the web server\nOwin as the routing engine\n\nAs you can see from the screenshot the correct response is printed (sometimes - sigh) on the first line of the browser's reponse, and then immediately followed on the page by the standard 404 page.",
"\nStartup code:\ntype Startup() =\n\n static member RegisterWebApi(config: HttpConfiguration) =\n // Configure routing\n config.",
"MapHttpAttributeRoutes()\n // Configure serialization\n config.",
"Formatters.",
"XmlFormatter.",
"UseXmlSerializer <- true\n config.",
"Formatters.",
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"RegisterWebApi(config)\n builder.",
"UseWebApi(config) |> ignore\n builder.",
"UseErrorPage() |> ignore\n\nController code:\n[<RoutePrefix(\"api\")>]\ntype WordsearchController() =\n inherit ApiController()\n\n [<Route(\"\")>]\n member this.",
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"Request.",
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"OK, \"This is my simple output\")\n\nI have tried removing the static file handler in the web.config, using MVC style route mapping in startup, and various routing attributes for the controller. ",
" \nIt just seems like both the webapi routing and the static file handler are BOTH putting their two cents into the reponse, instead of one overriding the other.",
"\nAs per request from @mark, the request is a simple GET to http://localhost:9000/api, and the response is:\nHEADER\nHTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\nDate: Mon, 18 Jan 2016 00:11:17 GMT\nServer: Mono.",
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"Web.",
"HttpException</h1>\n <h2 class=\"exceptionMessage\">The resource cannot be found.</h2>\n <p><strong>Description:</strong> HTTP 404.The resource you are looking for (or one of its dependencies\n) could have been removed, had its name changed, or is temporarily unavailable. ",
" Please review the following\n URL and make sure that it is spelled correctly.</p><p><strong>Details:</strong> Requested URL: /api\n</p>\n<div><strong>Exception stack trace:</strong></div>\n<div class=\"details\"> at System.",
"Web.",
"StaticFileHandler.",
"ProcessRequest (System.",
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"Web.",
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"Tick () <0x40330c60 + 0x00057> in <filename unknown>:0 <\n/div><div id=\"footer\">\n <div style=\"color:Black;\"><strong>Version Information:</strong> <tt>4.2.1 (Stable 4.2.1.102/6dd2d0d\n Thu Nov 12 09:52:44 UTC 2015)</tt>; ASP.NET Version: <tt>4.0.30319.17020</tt></div>\n <div id=\"footer-powered-by\">Powered by <a href=\"http://mono-project.com/\">Mono</a></div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n\n<!--",
"\n[System.",
"Web.",
"HttpException]: Path '/api' was not found.",
"\n at System.",
"Web.",
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"Web.",
"HttpApplication+<Pipeline>c__Iterator1.MoveNext () <0x40332110 + 0x04416> in <filename\n unknown>:0 \n at System.",
"Web.",
"HttpApplication.",
"Tick () <0x40330c60 + 0x00057> in <filename unknown>:0 \n-->\n\n1 request\n\n5.0 KB\n\n2ms (onload: 88ms)\n\nA:\n\nMono does not support WebAPI async pipeline.",
"\nI make pull request for mono https://github.com/mono/mono/pull/3048. ",
"It makes Synchronous execution of asynchronous web api stack.",
"\nNow you may use WebAPI async pipeline with this fix for Mono.",
"\n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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[
"478 F.2d 770\n73-1 USTC P 9423\nCONTAINER SERVICE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant,v.UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Appellee.",
"\nNo. ",
"72-1777.",
"\nUnited States Court of Appeals,Sixth Circuit.",
"\nArgued Feb. 13, 1973.Decided May 8, 1973.",
"\n\nPeter J. Donahue, Dayton, Ohio, for plaintiff-appellant; Smith & Schnacke, Dayton, Ohio, on brief.",
"\nDonald H. Olson, Atty., ",
"Tax Div., ",
"Dept. ",
"of Justice, Washington, D. C., for defendant-appellee; Scott P. Crampton, Asst. ",
"Atty. ",
"Gen., Meyer Rothwacks, Leonard J. Henzke, Jr., Attys., ",
"Tax Div., ",
"Dept. ",
"of Justice, Washington, D. C., on brief; William W. Milligan, U. S. Atty., ",
"of counsel.",
"\nBefore PHILLIPS, Chief Judge, KENT, Circuit Judge, and McALLISTER, Senior Circuit Judge.",
"\nPER CURIAM.",
"\n\n\n1\nTaxpayer, Container Service Company, seeks a reversal of the District Court's dismissal of its tax refund suit. ",
" We affirm.",
"\n\n\n2\nThe facts are detailed in the District Court's opinion. ",
"345 F.Supp. ",
"235 (S.D.Ohio 1972). ",
" In 1968 the taxpayer established a profit sharing plan for its salaried employees and claims that its contributions made to the profit-sharing trust were tax deductible under 26 U.S.C. Sec. ",
"404(a). ",
" Employer contributions to a profit-sharing trust are tax deductible only if the profit-sharing plan is qualified under 26 U.S.C. Sec. ",
"401(a).",
"\n\n\n3\nThe employee coverage requirements are set out in Sec. ",
"401(a)(3) in two alternatives. ",
" A plan is qualified if either (A) the plan benefits at least 70 per cent of all employees or 80 per cent of eligible employees if 70 per cent of all employees are eligible or (B) the employer's eligibility classification does not discriminate in favor of employees who are officers, shareholders, supervisors or highly compensated employees.",
"\n\n\n4\nIn 1968 taxpayer employed twenty persons, of whom five were eligible for the profit-sharing plan in question. ",
" In 1969 five of twenty-one employees were eligible. ",
" Each year four of the five eligible employees were either officers or supervisors. ",
" The Commissioner of Internal Revenue held that the plan was discriminatory under Sec. ",
"401(a)(3)(B), and ruled that it therefore was not qualified. ",
" The taxpayer's claim for a deduction for its contributions was denied. ",
" This finding is not irrebuttable, but the taxpayer bears a very heavy burden in attempting to overturn it. ",
" Cornell-Young Co. v. United States, 469 F.2d 1318 (5th Cir. ",
"1972); Duguid & Sons, Inc. v. United States, 278 F.Supp. ",
"101, 106 (N.D.N.Y.1967); Ed & Jim Fleitz, Inc., 50 T.C. 384 (1968).",
"\n\n\n5\nTaxpayer seeks to justify the apparently discriminatory classification by asserting that all of its nonsalaried employees were unionized and that the union, as a matter of negotiation strategy, withdrew any demand for inclusion in profit-sharing or pension plan in favor of immediate wage benefits. ",
" Taxpayer asserts that since it would have been an unfair labor practice for it to have included union members in the profit-sharing plan by unilateral action, the union's refusal to seek inclusion somehow justifies their exclusion and qualifies the plan as non-discriminatory.",
"\n\n\n6\nWithout ruling on this contention, we hold that there is no evidence in the record that the employees, through their union, were ever offered inclusion in the plan by the taxpayer. ",
" The union representatives who negotiated the latest bargaining agreement with the company testified that they were never informed of the plan's existence or its details, much less tendered inclusion in it. ",
" We agree with the District Court that this plan was discriminatory in favor of shareholder-officers and supervisors. ",
" Other courts have ruled similarly when faced with the same claim concerning the unionization of non-salaried employees. ",
" Loevsky v. Commissioner, 471 F.2d 1178 (3rd Cir. ",
"1973), aff'g, 55 T.C. 1144 (1971); Duguid, supra; Ed & Jim Fleitz, Inc., supra.",
"\n\n\n7\nWe emphasize that by this decision we neither make nor imply any ruling as to the effect of a union's refusal of an offer of inclusion in an employer's profit sharing plan. ",
" That situation is not before us.",
"\n\n\n8\nAffirmed.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Computed Tomography Angiography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography of Congenital Anomalies of Pulmonary Veins.",
"\nWe aimed to review computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography of congenital anomalies of pulmonary veins. ",
"Total anomalous pulmonary venous return shows all pulmonary veins drain abnormally in another site rather than left atrium. ",
"Imaging can detect anomalous veins either supracardiac, infracardiac, or mixed. ",
"Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return shows some pulmonary vein have abnormal drainage that well delineated with computed tomography angiography. ",
"Scimitar syndrome is a type of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return where the pulmonary veins of the right lung drain infracardiac and is associated with right lung hypoplasia and dextrocardia. ",
"Pseudoscimitar show anomalous vein that takes a tortuous course and drains into the left atrium producing a false-positive scimitar sign. ",
"Cor triatriatum shows septum divide left atrium with proximal chamber receives blood flow from the pulmonary veins. ",
"Levoatriocardinal vein is an anomalous connection between the left atrium and anomalous vein from systemic venous system that is embryo logically derived from the cardinal veins. ",
"Computed tomography angiography can detect pulmonary vein stenosis, atresia, hypoplasia, and varix. ",
"Imaging is important for intimal diagnosis and detects the anomalous vessels and its connection, presence of stenosis, and associated other congenital cardiac anomalies. ",
"Also, it is a great role in assessment of patients after surgery."
] | {
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[
"/*\nCopyright (c) 2016-2017 Bitnami\n\nLicensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\nyou may not use this file except in compliance with the License.",
"\nYou may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.",
"\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
"\n*/\n\npackage kafka\n\nimport (\n\t\"fmt\"\n\t\"io\"\n\n\t\"github.com/gosuri/uitable\"\n\t\"github.com/kubeless/kafka-trigger/pkg/client/clientset/versioned\"\n\tkafkaUtils \"github.com/kubeless/kafka-trigger/pkg/utils\"\n\tkubelessUtils \"github.com/kubeless/kubeless/pkg/utils\"\n\t\"github.com/sirupsen/logrus\"\n\t\"github.com/spf13/cobra\"\n\tmetav1 \"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1\"\n)\n\nvar listCmd = &cobra.",
"Command{\n\n\tUse: \"list FLAG\",\n\tAliases: []string{\"ls\"},\n\tShort: \"list all Kafka triggers deployed to Kubeless\",\n\tLong: `list all Kafka triggers deployed to Kubeless`,\n\tRun: func(cmd *cobra.",
"Command, args []string) {\n\n\t\tns, err := cmd.",
"Flags().GetString(\"namespace\")\n\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Fatal(err.",
"Error())\n\t\t}\n\t\tif ns == \"\" {\n\t\t\tns = kubelessUtils.",
"GetDefaultNamespace()\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tkafkaClient, err := kafkaUtils.",
"GetKubelessClientOutCluster()\n\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Fatalf(\"Can not create out-of-cluster client: %v\", err)\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif err := doList(cmd.",
"OutOrStdout(), kafkaClient, ns); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Fatal(err.",
"Error())\n\t\t}\n\t},\n}\n\nfunc init() {\n\tlistCmd.",
"Flags().StringP(\"namespace\", \"n\", \"\", \"Specify namespace for the function\")\n}\n\nfunc doList(w io.",
"Writer, kubelessClient versioned.",
"Interface, ns string) error {\n\ttriggersList, err := kubelessClient.",
"KubelessV1beta1().KafkaTriggers(ns).List(metav1.ListOptions{})\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn err\n\t}\n\ttable := uitable.",
"New()\n\ttable.",
"MaxColWidth = 50\n\ttable.",
"Wrap = true\n\ttable.",
"AddRow(\"NAME\", \"NAMESPACE\", \"TOPIC\", \"FUNCTION SELECTOR\")\n\tfor _, trigger := range triggersList.",
"Items {\n\t\ttable.",
"AddRow(trigger.",
"Name, trigger.",
"Namespace, trigger.",
"Spec.",
"Topic, metav1.FormatLabelSelector(&trigger.",
"Spec.",
"FunctionSelector))\n\t}\n\tfmt.",
"Fprintln(w, table)\n\treturn nil\n}\n"
] | {
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"Please Note : They are second hand, No retail box included.",
"Figure size:about 9cm Version:OriginalIf you\\'re interested ,Please add our shop to your favorites, So that you will follow more updates from us in the later future. ",
"Thanks for coming !"
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[
"Diet and functional gastrointestinal disorders: a population-based case-control study.",
"\nDiet has been implicated to play a role in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in clinic-based studies. ",
"No population-based data comparing food and nutrient consumption between individuals with FGID and without gastrointestinal symptoms are available. ",
"The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary consumption of specific food items and nutrients between individuals with FGID and without symptoms in a population-based sample. ",
"A validated self-report Bowel Disease Questionnaire was mailed to an age- and gender-stratified random sample of participants aged 20-50 yr from Olmsted County, Minnesota. ",
"All patients who reported either FGID symptoms (irritable bowel or dyspepsia) or no gastrointestinal symptoms were invited to undergo a blinded physician interview and physical exam and to complete a validated Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire. ",
"Wilcoxon rank sum tests and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. ",
"In total, 222 of the 260 eligible (85%) subjects participated and 218 provided diet data: 99 were FGID cases and 119 were healthy controls. ",
"Cases and controls consumed similar number of servings per week of wheat-containing foods, lactose-containing foods, caffeinated drinks, and fructose-sweetened beverages. ",
"Cases were slightly more likely to consume >or=7 servings per week of norepinephrine- and epinephrine-containing foods (57%vs 45%, p= 0.10), but not serotonin- or tryptophan-containing foods. ",
"No differences were observed for amount of intake of calories, fiber, protein, iron, calcium, niacin, and vitamins C, D, E, niacin, B(1), B(2), B(6), and B(12). ",
"Cases reported consuming more fat (median, 33%vs 31%) and less carbohydrates (median, 49%vs 52%) than controls. ",
"No differences were seen in the consumption of frequently suspected \"culprit\" foods between community residents with and without FGID symptoms. ",
"While symptoms may be due to food sensitivity rather than altered diet composition, the role of fat and perhaps norepinephrine and epinephrine in foods in gut symptoms needs to be studied further."
] | {
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[
"In a battle of the old world versus the new, the Encyclopedia Britannica is looking to regain relevance by attaching itself to Google search results in an effort to correct the misinformation that the company deems to exist there.",
"\n\nThe new search product, “Britannica Insights,” is a Chrome extension that will take information from the encyclopedia and populate it on the sidebar “snippet” of a Google search results page. ",
"The snippet is a welcomed resource in most cases when it comes to simple, factual questions that aren’t involved in emotionally charged rhetoric. ",
"How far away is the Earth from the Sun? ",
"When does the new Mario Tennis come out? ",
"Do dogs sweat? ",
"The information is fast, accessible, and usually correct. ",
"It’s these snippets that also inform 80 percent of Google Home search results. ",
"Britannica Insights doesn’t replace Google’s snippet; it just provides its own results next to Google’s.",
"\n\nThe plug-in is free and the content is provided through human writers and editors at the company. ",
"Suggested articles and context are provided underneath search results as well, an improvement to the core basics that some Google snippets currently provide.",
"\n\n“For 250 years, Britannica has defined what it means to provide trusted and verified information,” said Karthik Krishnan, global chief executive officer of the Britannica Group, in a press release. “",
"With the addition of this latest extension, Britannica Insights will make it easier for everyone from kids to curious adults to professional researchers to find trustworthy results faster. ",
"Now more than ever, how we discover information matters.”",
"\n\nThe Britannica Insights release comes at a time when Google and its products, like YouTube, are beginning to utilize Wikipedia as a source for online fact-checking. ",
"In March, YouTube’s CEO Susan Wojcicki announced that the platform would begin adding information from Wikipedia underneath videos in efforts to address the platform’s onslaught of conspiracy-related content.",
"\n\nAs most know, Wikipedia pages can be easily edited and this makes the platform a playground for trolls. ",
"Whether it’s congressional staffers editing the Garfield page, or trolls trying to get a rise out of, well, anyone, the nonprofit Wikimedia resource sometimes lets false information stew on the platform. ",
"Recently, conservatives were in an uproar after the Google snippet for the Republican party listed “Nazism” as their ideology. ",
"The change wasn’t corrected for nearly a week.",
"\n\nEncyclopedia Britannica hopes to combat these issues by expanding the market for quick, sidebar information like the Google snippet. ",
"Searches for subjects like “climate change” result in not only a basic descriptor, but go on to provide context and what the company calls a “deep dive” into the subject. ",
"With this new extension, the company hopes to “cut through the noise on the internet and provide trusted and verified information at the top-right corner of their search results page.”"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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[
"Q:\n\nList comprehensions with nested lists\n\nWould like to ask question related to nested lists in Python. ",
"\nI have a nested list \nlist_1 = [[1,3,0,1], [1,1,0,2,3,0,4,], [2,1,2,2,3,4]]\n\nI want to perform rounding and dision operation on nested list but keep it grouped as it is now (to make it more clear I need to flatten list perform operations and that unflatten it again in same groups).",
"\nFor example the result for list 'list_1' after division by 2 shoud be\nlist_2 = [[0.5,1.5,0,0.5],[0.5,0.5,0,1,1.5,0,2],[1,0.5,1,1,1.5,2]]\n\nThe code I use to perform this for signle list is below:\nlist_2 = [round(b,2) for b in [a / 2 for a in list_1]]\n\nCould you please suggest way to solve this issue. ",
"Currently I am getting error \n\"unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'list' and 'float'\"\n\nThank you.",
"\n\nA:\n\nFixing your code -\n[[j / 2. ",
"for j in i] for i in list_1] \n\nIf you're worried about performance, you could multiply by .5 instead of dividing by 2 (you may not see significant differences considering this is a quadratic solution, but it should count for something).",
"\n[[j * .5 for j in i] for i in list_1] \n\nThe docs have a section just for Nested List Comprehensions, please consider having a read through.",
"\n\n"
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"// +build linux\n\npackage unshare\n\nimport (\n\t\"bufio\"\n\t\"bytes\"\n\t\"fmt\"\n\t\"io\"\n\t\"os\"\n\t\"os/exec\"\n\t\"os/user\"\n\t\"runtime\"\n\t\"strconv\"\n\t\"strings\"\n\t\"sync\"\n\t\"syscall\"\n\n\t\"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/idtools\"\n\t\"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/reexec\"\n\t\"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go\"\n\t\"github.com/pkg/errors\"\n\t\"github.com/sirupsen/logrus\"\n\t\"github.com/syndtr/gocapability/capability\"\n)\n\n// Cmd wraps an exec.",
"Cmd created by the reexec package in unshare(), and\n// handles setting ID maps and other related settings by triggering\n// initialization code in the child.",
"\ntype Cmd struct {\n\t*exec.",
"Cmd\n\tUnshareFlags int\n\tUseNewuidmap bool\n\tUidMappings []specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping // nolint: golint\n\tUseNewgidmap bool\n\tGidMappings []specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping // nolint: golint\n\tGidMappingsEnableSetgroups bool\n\tSetsid bool\n\tSetpgrp bool\n\tCtty *os.",
"File\n\tOOMScoreAdj *int\n\tHook func(pid int) error\n}\n\n// Command creates a new Cmd which can be customized.",
"\nfunc Command(args ...string) *Cmd {\n\tcmd := reexec.",
"Command(args...)\n\treturn &Cmd{\n\t\tCmd: cmd,\n\t}\n}\n\nfunc getRootlessUID() int {\n\tuidEnv := getenv(\"_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_UID\")\n\tif uidEnv !",
"= \"\" {\n\t\tu, _ := strconv.",
"Atoi(uidEnv)\n\t\treturn u\n\t}\n\treturn os.",
"Geteuid()\n}\n\nfunc getRootlessGID() int {\n\tgidEnv := getenv(\"_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_GID\")\n\tif gidEnv !",
"= \"\" {\n\t\tu, _ := strconv.",
"Atoi(gidEnv)\n\t\treturn u\n\t}\n\n\t/* If the _CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_UID is set, assume the gid==uid. ",
" */\n\tuidEnv := os.",
"Getenv(\"_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_UID\")\n\tif uidEnv !",
"= \"\" {\n\t\tu, _ := strconv.",
"Atoi(uidEnv)\n\t\treturn u\n\t}\n\treturn os.",
"Getegid()\n}\n\nfunc (c *Cmd) Start() error {\n\truntime.",
"LockOSThread()\n\tdefer runtime.",
"UnlockOSThread()\n\n\t// Set an environment variable to tell the child to synchronize its startup.",
"\n\tif c.Env == nil {\n\t\tc.Env = os.",
"Environ()\n\t}\n\tc.Env = append(c.",
"Env, fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"_Containers-unshare=%d\", c.UnshareFlags))\n\n\t// Please the libpod \"rootless\" package to find the expected env variables.",
"\n\tif IsRootless() {\n\t\tc.Env = append(c.",
"Env, \"_CONTAINERS_USERNS_CONFIGURED=done\")\n\t\tc.Env = append(c.",
"Env, fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_UID=%d\", getRootlessUID()))\n\t\tc.Env = append(c.",
"Env, fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_GID=%d\", getRootlessGID()))\n\t}\n\n\t// Create the pipe for reading the child's PID.",
"\n\tpidRead, pidWrite, err := os.",
"Pipe()\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error creating pid pipe\")\n\t}\n\tc.Env = append(c.",
"Env, fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"_Containers-pid-pipe=%d\", len(c.",
"ExtraFiles)+3))\n\tc.ExtraFiles = append(c.",
"ExtraFiles, pidWrite)\n\n\t// Create the pipe for letting the child know to proceed.",
"\n\tcontinueRead, continueWrite, err := os.",
"Pipe()\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\tpidRead.",
"Close()\n\t\tpidWrite.",
"Close()\n\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error creating pid pipe\")\n\t}\n\tc.Env = append(c.",
"Env, fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"_Containers-continue-pipe=%d\", len(c.",
"ExtraFiles)+3))\n\tc.ExtraFiles = append(c.",
"ExtraFiles, continueRead)\n\n\t// Pass along other instructions.",
"\n\tif c.Setsid {\n\t\tc.Env = append(c.",
"Env, \"_Containers-setsid=1\")\n\t}\n\tif c.Setpgrp {\n\t\tc.Env = append(c.",
"Env, \"_Containers-setpgrp=1\")\n\t}\n\tif c.Ctty !",
"= nil {\n\t\tc.Env = append(c.",
"Env, fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"_Containers-ctty=%d\", len(c.",
"ExtraFiles)+3))\n\t\tc.ExtraFiles = append(c.",
"ExtraFiles, c.Ctty)\n\t}\n\n\t// Make sure we clean up our pipes.",
"\n\tdefer func() {\n\t\tif pidRead !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tpidRead.",
"Close()\n\t\t}\n\t\tif pidWrite !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tpidWrite.",
"Close()\n\t\t}\n\t\tif continueRead !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tcontinueRead.",
"Close()\n\t\t}\n\t\tif continueWrite !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tcontinueWrite.",
"Close()\n\t\t}\n\t}()\n\n\t// Start the new process.",
"\n\terr = c.Cmd.",
"Start()\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn err\n\t}\n\n\t// Close the ends of the pipes that the parent doesn't need.",
"\n\tcontinueRead.",
"Close()\n\tcontinueRead = nil\n\tpidWrite.",
"Close()\n\tpidWrite = nil\n\n\t// Read the child's PID from the pipe.",
"\n\tpidString := \"\"\n\tb := new(bytes.",
"Buffer)\n\tif _, err := io.",
"Copy(b, pidRead); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error reading child PID\")\n\t}\n\tpidString = b.String()\n\tpid, err := strconv.",
"Atoi(pidString)\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error parsing PID %q: %v\", pidString, err)\n\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error parsing PID %q\", pidString)\n\t}\n\tpidString = fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"%d\", pid)\n\n\t// If we created a new user namespace, set any specified mappings.",
"\n\tif c.UnshareFlags&syscall.",
"CLONE_NEWUSER !",
"= 0 {\n\t\t// Always set \"setgroups\".",
"\n\t\tsetgroups, err := os.",
"OpenFile(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"/proc/%s/setgroups\", pidString), os.",
"O_TRUNC|os.",
"O_WRONLY, 0)\n\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error opening setgroups: %v\", err)\n\t\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error opening /proc/%s/setgroups\", pidString)\n\t\t}\n\t\tdefer setgroups.",
"Close()\n\t\tif c.GidMappingsEnableSetgroups {\n\t\t\tif _, err := fmt.",
"Fprintf(setgroups, \"allow\"); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error writing \\\"allow\\\" to setgroups: %v\", err)\n\t\t\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error opening \\\"allow\\\" to /proc/%s/setgroups\", pidString)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tif _, err := fmt.",
"Fprintf(setgroups, \"deny\"); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error writing \\\"deny\\\" to setgroups: %v\", err)\n\t\t\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error writing \\\"deny\\\" to /proc/%s/setgroups\", pidString)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif len(c.",
"UidMappings) == 0 || len(c.",
"GidMappings) == 0 {\n\t\t\tuidmap, gidmap, err := GetHostIDMappings(\"\")\n\t\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error reading ID mappings in parent: %v\", err)\n\t\t\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error reading ID mappings in parent\")\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif len(c.",
"UidMappings) == 0 {\n\t\t\t\tc.UidMappings = uidmap\n\t\t\t\tfor i := range c.UidMappings {\n\t\t\t\t\tc.UidMappings[i].HostID = c.UidMappings[i].ContainerID\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif len(c.",
"GidMappings) == 0 {\n\t\t\t\tc.GidMappings = gidmap\n\t\t\t\tfor i := range c.GidMappings {\n\t\t\t\t\tc.GidMappings[i].HostID = c.GidMappings[i].ContainerID\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif len(c.",
"GidMappings) > 0 {\n\t\t\t// Build the GID map, since writing to the proc file has to be done all at once.",
"\n\t\t\tg := new(bytes.",
"Buffer)\n\t\t\tfor _, m := range c.GidMappings {\n\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(g, \"%d %d %d\\n\", m.ContainerID, m.HostID, m.Size)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tgidmapSet := false\n\t\t\t// Set the GID map.",
"\n\t\t\tif c.UseNewgidmap {\n\t\t\t\tcmd := exec.",
"Command(\"newgidmap\", append([]string{pidString}, strings.",
"Fields(strings.",
"Replace(g.",
"String(), \"\\n\", \" \", -1))...)...)\n\t\t\t\tg.Reset()\n\t\t\t\tcmd.",
"Stdout = g\n\t\t\t\tcmd.",
"Stderr = g\n\t\t\t\terr := cmd.",
"Run()\n\t\t\t\tif err == nil {\n\t\t\t\t\tgidmapSet = true\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Warnf(\"error running newgidmap: %v: %s\", err, g.String())\n\t\t\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Warnf(\"falling back to single mapping\")\n\t\t\t\t\tg.Reset()\n\t\t\t\t\tg.Write([]byte(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"0 %d 1\\n\", os.",
"Getegid())))\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif !",
"gidmapSet {\n\t\t\t\tif c.UseNewgidmap {\n\t\t\t\t\tsetgroups, err := os.",
"OpenFile(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"/proc/%s/setgroups\", pidString), os.",
"O_TRUNC|os.",
"O_WRONLY, 0)\n\t\t\t\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error opening /proc/%s/setgroups: %v\", pidString, err)\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error opening /proc/%s/setgroups\", pidString)\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\tdefer setgroups.",
"Close()\n\t\t\t\t\tif _, err := fmt.",
"Fprintf(setgroups, \"deny\"); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error writing 'deny' to /proc/%s/setgroups: %v\", pidString, err)\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error writing 'deny' to /proc/%s/setgroups\", pidString)\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tgidmap, err := os.",
"OpenFile(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"/proc/%s/gid_map\", pidString), os.",
"O_TRUNC|os.",
"O_WRONLY, 0)\n\t\t\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error opening /proc/%s/gid_map: %v\", pidString, err)\n\t\t\t\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error opening /proc/%s/gid_map\", pidString)\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tdefer gidmap.",
"Close()\n\t\t\t\tif _, err := fmt.",
"Fprintf(gidmap, \"%s\", g.String()); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error writing %q to /proc/%s/gid_map: %v\", g.String(), pidString, err)\n\t\t\t\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error writing %q to /proc/%s/gid_map\", g.String(), pidString)\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif len(c.",
"UidMappings) > 0 {\n\t\t\t// Build the UID map, since writing to the proc file has to be done all at once.",
"\n\t\t\tu := new(bytes.",
"Buffer)\n\t\t\tfor _, m := range c.UidMappings {\n\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(u, \"%d %d %d\\n\", m.ContainerID, m.HostID, m.Size)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tuidmapSet := false\n\t\t\t// Set the GID map.",
"\n\t\t\tif c.UseNewuidmap {\n\t\t\t\tcmd := exec.",
"Command(\"newuidmap\", append([]string{pidString}, strings.",
"Fields(strings.",
"Replace(u.",
"String(), \"\\n\", \" \", -1))...)...)\n\t\t\t\tu.Reset()\n\t\t\t\tcmd.",
"Stdout = u\n\t\t\t\tcmd.",
"Stderr = u\n\t\t\t\terr := cmd.",
"Run()\n\t\t\t\tif err == nil {\n\t\t\t\t\tuidmapSet = true\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Warnf(\"error running newuidmap: %v: %s\", err, u.String())\n\t\t\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Warnf(\"falling back to single mapping\")\n\t\t\t\t\tu.Reset()\n\t\t\t\t\tu.Write([]byte(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"0 %d 1\\n\", os.",
"Geteuid())))\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif !",
"uidmapSet {\n\t\t\t\tuidmap, err := os.",
"OpenFile(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"/proc/%s/uid_map\", pidString), os.",
"O_TRUNC|os.",
"O_WRONLY, 0)\n\t\t\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error opening /proc/%s/uid_map: %v\", pidString, err)\n\t\t\t\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error opening /proc/%s/uid_map\", pidString)\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tdefer uidmap.",
"Close()\n\t\t\t\tif _, err := fmt.",
"Fprintf(uidmap, \"%s\", u.String()); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error writing %q to /proc/%s/uid_map: %v\", u.String(), pidString, err)\n\t\t\t\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error writing %q to /proc/%s/uid_map\", u.String(), pidString)\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tif c.OOMScoreAdj !",
"= nil {\n\t\toomScoreAdj, err := os.",
"OpenFile(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"/proc/%s/oom_score_adj\", pidString), os.",
"O_TRUNC|os.",
"O_WRONLY, 0)\n\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error opening oom_score_adj: %v\", err)\n\t\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error opening /proc/%s/oom_score_adj\", pidString)\n\t\t}\n\t\tdefer oomScoreAdj.",
"Close()\n\t\tif _, err := fmt.",
"Fprintf(oomScoreAdj, \"%d\\n\", *c.OOMScoreAdj); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"error writing \\\"%d\\\" to oom_score_adj: %v\", c.OOMScoreAdj, err)\n\t\t\treturn errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error writing \\\"%d\\\" to /proc/%s/oom_score_adj\", c.OOMScoreAdj, pidString)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\t// Run any additional setup that we want to do before the child starts running proper.",
"\n\tif c.Hook !",
"= nil {\n\t\tif err = c.Hook(pid); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(continueWrite, \"hook error: %v\", err)\n\t\t\treturn err\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\treturn nil\n}\n\nfunc (c *Cmd) Run() error {\n\tif err := c.Start(); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn err\n\t}\n\treturn c.Wait()\n}\n\nfunc (c *Cmd) CombinedOutput() ([]byte, error) {\n\treturn nil, errors.",
"New(\"unshare: CombinedOutput() not implemented\")\n}\n\nfunc (c *Cmd) Output() ([]byte, error) {\n\treturn nil, errors.",
"New(\"unshare: Output() not implemented\")\n}\n\nvar (\n\tisRootlessOnce sync.",
"Once\n\tisRootless bool\n)\n\nconst (\n\t// UsernsEnvName is the environment variable, if set indicates in rootless mode\n\tUsernsEnvName = \"_CONTAINERS_USERNS_CONFIGURED\"\n)\n\n// IsRootless tells us if we are running in rootless mode\nfunc IsRootless() bool {\n\tisRootlessOnce.",
"Do(func() {\n\t\tisRootless = getRootlessUID() !",
"= 0 || getenv(UsernsEnvName) !",
"= \"\"\n\t})\n\treturn isRootless\n}\n\n// GetRootlessUID returns the UID of the user in the parent userNS\nfunc GetRootlessUID() int {\n\tuidEnv := getenv(\"_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_UID\")\n\tif uidEnv !",
"= \"\" {\n\t\tu, _ := strconv.",
"Atoi(uidEnv)\n\t\treturn u\n\t}\n\treturn os.",
"Getuid()\n}\n\n// RootlessEnv returns the environment settings for the rootless containers\nfunc RootlessEnv() []string {\n\treturn append(os.",
"Environ(), UsernsEnvName+\"=done\")\n}\n\ntype Runnable interface {\n\tRun() error\n}\n\nfunc bailOnError(err error, format string, a ...interface{}) { // nolint: golint,goprintffuncname\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\tif format !",
"= \"\" {\n\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Errorf(\"%s: %v\", fmt.",
"Sprintf(format, a...), err)\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Errorf(\"%v\", err)\n\t\t}\n\t\tos.",
"Exit(1)\n\t}\n}\n\n// MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace re-exec the process in a new namespace\nfunc MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace(evenForRoot bool) {\n\t// If we've already been through this once, no need to try again.",
"\n\tif os.",
"Geteuid() == 0 && IsRootless() {\n\t\treturn\n\t}\n\n\tvar uidNum, gidNum uint64\n\t// Figure out who we are.",
"\n\tme, err := user.",
"Current()\n\tif !",
"os.",
"IsNotExist(err) {\n\t\tbailOnError(err, \"error determining current user\")\n\t\tuidNum, err = strconv.",
"ParseUint(me.",
"Uid, 10, 32)\n\t\tbailOnError(err, \"error parsing current UID %s\", me.",
"Uid)\n\t\tgidNum, err = strconv.",
"ParseUint(me.",
"Gid, 10, 32)\n\t\tbailOnError(err, \"error parsing current GID %s\", me.",
"Gid)\n\t}\n\n\truntime.",
"LockOSThread()\n\tdefer runtime.",
"UnlockOSThread()\n\n\t// ID mappings to use to reexec ourselves.",
"\n\tvar uidmap, gidmap []specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping\n\tif uidNum !",
"= 0 || evenForRoot {\n\t\t// Read the set of ID mappings that we're allowed to use. ",
" Each\n\t\t// range in /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid file is a starting host\n\t\t// ID and a range size.",
"\n\t\tuidmap, gidmap, err = GetSubIDMappings(me.",
"Username, me.",
"Username)\n\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Warnf(\"error reading allowed ID mappings: %v\", err)\n\t\t}\n\t\tif len(uidmap) == 0 {\n\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Warnf(\"Found no UID ranges set aside for user %q in /etc/subuid.\", ",
"me.",
"Username)\n\t\t}\n\t\tif len(gidmap) == 0 {\n\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Warnf(\"Found no GID ranges set aside for user %q in /etc/subgid.\", ",
"me.",
"Username)\n\t\t}\n\t\t// Map our UID and GID, then the subuid and subgid ranges,\n\t\t// consecutively, starting at 0, to get the mappings to use for\n\t\t// a copy of ourselves.",
"\n\t\tuidmap = append([]specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping{{HostID: uint32(uidNum), ContainerID: 0, Size: 1}}, uidmap...)\n\t\tgidmap = append([]specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping{{HostID: uint32(gidNum), ContainerID: 0, Size: 1}}, gidmap...)\n\t\tvar rangeStart uint32\n\t\tfor i := range uidmap {\n\t\t\tuidmap[i].ContainerID = rangeStart\n\t\t\trangeStart += uidmap[i].Size\n\t\t}\n\t\trangeStart = 0\n\t\tfor i := range gidmap {\n\t\t\tgidmap[i].ContainerID = rangeStart\n\t\t\trangeStart += gidmap[i].Size\n\t\t}\n\t} else {\n\t\t// If we have CAP_SYS_ADMIN, then we don't need to create a new namespace in order to be able\n\t\t// to use unshare(), so don't bother creating a new user namespace at this point.",
"\n\t\tcapabilities, err := capability.",
"NewPid(0)\n\t\tbailOnError(err, \"error reading the current capabilities sets\")\n\t\tif capabilities.",
"Get(capability.",
"EFFECTIVE, capability.",
"CAP_SYS_ADMIN) {\n\t\t\treturn\n\t\t}\n\t\t// Read the set of ID mappings that we're currently using.",
"\n\t\tuidmap, gidmap, err = GetHostIDMappings(\"\")\n\t\tbailOnError(err, \"error reading current ID mappings\")\n\t\t// Just reuse them.",
"\n\t\tfor i := range uidmap {\n\t\t\tuidmap[i].HostID = uidmap[i].ContainerID\n\t\t}\n\t\tfor i := range gidmap {\n\t\t\tgidmap[i].HostID = gidmap[i].ContainerID\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\t// Unlike most uses of reexec or unshare, we're using a name that\n\t// _won't_ be recognized as a registered reexec handler, since we\n\t// _want_ to fall through reexec.",
"Init() to the normal main().",
"\n\tcmd := Command(append([]string{fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"%s-in-a-user-namespace\", os.",
"Args[0])}, os.",
"Args[1:]...)...)\n\n\t// If, somehow, we don't become UID 0 in our child, indicate that the child shouldn't try again.",
"\n\terr = os.",
"Setenv(UsernsEnvName, \"1\")\n\tbailOnError(err, \"error setting %s=1 in environment\", UsernsEnvName)\n\n\t// Set the default isolation type to use the \"rootless\" method.",
"\n\tif _, present := os.",
"LookupEnv(\"BUILDAH_ISOLATION\"); !",
"present {\n\t\tif err = os.",
"Setenv(\"BUILDAH_ISOLATION\", \"rootless\"); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tif err := os.",
"Setenv(\"BUILDAH_ISOLATION\", \"rootless\"); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Errorf(\"error setting BUILDAH_ISOLATION=rootless in environment: %v\", err)\n\t\t\t\tos.",
"Exit(1)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\t// Reuse our stdio.",
"\n\tcmd.",
"Stdin = os.",
"Stdin\n\tcmd.",
"Stdout = os.",
"Stdout\n\tcmd.",
"Stderr = os.",
"Stderr\n\n\t// Set up a new user namespace with the ID mapping.",
"\n\tcmd.",
"UnshareFlags = syscall.",
"CLONE_NEWUSER | syscall.",
"CLONE_NEWNS\n\tcmd.",
"UseNewuidmap = uidNum !",
"= 0\n\tcmd.",
"UidMappings = uidmap\n\tcmd.",
"UseNewgidmap = uidNum !",
"= 0\n\tcmd.",
"GidMappings = gidmap\n\tcmd.",
"GidMappingsEnableSetgroups = true\n\n\t// Finish up.",
"\n\tlogrus.",
"Debugf(\"running %+v with environment %+v, UID map %+v, and GID map %+v\", cmd.",
"Cmd.",
"Args, os.",
"Environ(), cmd.",
"UidMappings, cmd.",
"GidMappings)\n\tExecRunnable(cmd, nil)\n}\n\n// ExecRunnable runs the specified unshare command, captures its exit status,\n// and exits with the same status.",
"\nfunc ExecRunnable(cmd Runnable, cleanup func()) {\n\texit := func(status int) {\n\t\tif cleanup !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tcleanup()\n\t\t}\n\t\tos.",
"Exit(status)\n\t}\n\tif err := cmd.",
"Run(); err !",
"= nil {\n\t\tif exitError, ok := errors.",
"Cause(err).(*exec.",
"ExitError); ok {\n\t\t\tif exitError.",
"ProcessState.",
"Exited() {\n\t\t\t\tif waitStatus, ok := exitError.",
"ProcessState.",
"Sys().(syscall.",
"WaitStatus); ok {\n\t\t\t\t\tif waitStatus.",
"Exited() {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Errorf(\"%v\", exitError)\n\t\t\t\t\t\texit(waitStatus.",
"ExitStatus())\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\tif waitStatus.",
"Signaled() {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tlogrus.",
"Errorf(\"%v\", exitError)\n\t\t\t\t\t\texit(int(waitStatus.",
"Signal()) + 128)\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\tlogrus.",
"Errorf(\"%v\", err)\n\t\tlogrus.",
"Errorf(\"(unable to determine exit status)\")\n\t\texit(1)\n\t}\n\texit(0)\n}\n\n// getHostIDMappings reads mappings from the named node under /proc.",
"\nfunc getHostIDMappings(path string) ([]specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping, error) {\n\tvar mappings []specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping\n\tf, err := os.",
"Open(path)\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error reading ID mappings from %q\", path)\n\t}\n\tdefer f.Close()\n\tscanner := bufio.",
"NewScanner(f)\n\tfor scanner.",
"Scan() {\n\t\tline := scanner.",
"Text()\n\t\tfields := strings.",
"Fields(line)\n\t\tif len(fields) !",
"= 3 {\n\t\t\treturn nil, errors.",
"Errorf(\"line %q from %q has %d fields, not 3\", line, path, len(fields))\n\t\t}\n\t\tcid, err := strconv.",
"ParseUint(fields[0], 10, 32)\n\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\treturn nil, errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error parsing container ID value %q from line %q in %q\", fields[0], line, path)\n\t\t}\n\t\thid, err := strconv.",
"ParseUint(fields[1], 10, 32)\n\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\treturn nil, errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error parsing host ID value %q from line %q in %q\", fields[1], line, path)\n\t\t}\n\t\tsize, err := strconv.",
"ParseUint(fields[2], 10, 32)\n\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\treturn nil, errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error parsing size value %q from line %q in %q\", fields[2], line, path)\n\t\t}\n\t\tmappings = append(mappings, specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping{ContainerID: uint32(cid), HostID: uint32(hid), Size: uint32(size)})\n\t}\n\treturn mappings, nil\n}\n\n// GetHostIDMappings reads mappings for the specified process (or the current\n// process if pid is \"self\" or an empty string) from the kernel.",
"\nfunc GetHostIDMappings(pid string) ([]specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping, []specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping, error) {\n\tif pid == \"\" {\n\t\tpid = \"self\"\n\t}\n\tuidmap, err := getHostIDMappings(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"/proc/%s/uid_map\", pid))\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, nil, err\n\t}\n\tgidmap, err := getHostIDMappings(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"/proc/%s/gid_map\", pid))\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, nil, err\n\t}\n\treturn uidmap, gidmap, nil\n}\n\n// GetSubIDMappings reads mappings from /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid.",
"\nfunc GetSubIDMappings(user, group string) ([]specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping, []specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping, error) {\n\tmappings, err := idtools.",
"NewIDMappings(user, group)\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, nil, errors.",
"Wrapf(err, \"error reading subuid mappings for user %q and subgid mappings for group %q\", user, group)\n\t}\n\tvar uidmap, gidmap []specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping\n\tfor _, m := range mappings.",
"UIDs() {\n\t\tuidmap = append(uidmap, specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping{\n\t\t\tContainerID: uint32(m.",
"ContainerID),\n\t\t\tHostID: uint32(m.",
"HostID),\n\t\t\tSize: uint32(m.",
"Size),\n\t\t})\n\t}\n\tfor _, m := range mappings.",
"GIDs() {\n\t\tgidmap = append(gidmap, specs.",
"LinuxIDMapping{\n\t\t\tContainerID: uint32(m.",
"ContainerID),\n\t\t\tHostID: uint32(m.",
"HostID),\n\t\t\tSize: uint32(m.",
"Size),\n\t\t})\n\t}\n\treturn uidmap, gidmap, nil\n}\n\n// ParseIDMappings parses mapping triples.",
"\nfunc ParseIDMappings(uidmap, gidmap []string) ([]idtools.",
"IDMap, []idtools.",
"IDMap, error) {\n\tuid, err := idtools.",
"ParseIDMap(uidmap, \"userns-uid-map\")\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, nil, err\n\t}\n\tgid, err := idtools.",
"ParseIDMap(gidmap, \"userns-gid-map\")\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, nil, err\n\t}\n\treturn uid, gid, nil\n}\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} | [
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[
"Q:\n\nHow to only show a gif while website loads\n\nso I've been researching for a bit to get a loading screen on my website. ",
"\nI finally found one that (somewhat) works. ",
"This is the code:\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* display loader only if JavaScript is enabled, no JS-lib loaded at this point */\ndocument.write('<div id=\"loader\" style=\"display:table; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 10000; background: #fff;\">'\n + '<div style=\"display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; text-align: center;\">'\n + 'loading…<br /><img src=\"img/loading.gif\" />'\n + '</div></div>');\n</script>\n\nThat's put into the header, and this code is put at the very bottom of the HTML (just before the closing body tag) \n <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n /* hide the loading-message */\n $(window).load(function(){\n $('#loader').fadeOut(500);\n });\n </script>\n </body>\n\nThis works, but I realized that you can just scroll down while the loading screen is up and see the website in it's ugly, generating form. ",
"How can I make it so that you cannot view the rest of the website, and only see the loading gif?",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou can add an overflow: hidden; to either the html or body tag to prevent scrolling of the page. ",
"This could be in your stylesheet (and activated with a loading class) or inline. ",
"Be sure to remove it on load as this prevents the page from scrolling. ",
"\nTo be absolutely sure your loading div stays within the viewport, you could also use position: fixed; instead of absolute.",
"\n\n"
] | {
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[
"Subscribe to this blog\n\nFollow by Email\n\nSearch This Blog\n\nPosts\n\nMy brother-in-law (hi, dude!) ",
"brought this to my attention a couple of weeks ago and it's been percolating in my mind ever since. ",
"It occurs to me that '6 Harsh Truths That Will Make You A Better Person\" is a perfect thing to dissect at New Year's, when much of the world is preoccupied with resolutions. ",
"Let's remember that that word, resolutions, should really be hyphenated: \"re-solutions\". ",
"What's in your life that needs solving? ",
"And does it really need solving again? ",
"If so, why didn't you solve it right the first time?",
"\n\nThis article is full of food for thought, written in Cracked magazine's inimitable style. ",
"Ultimately, though, the first three courses didn't sit all that well with me...\n\n'TRUTH' 1: THE WORLD ONLY CARES ABOUT WHAT IT CAN GET FROM YOU\n\nThe way this is presented, it's self-evident. \"",
"Niceness\" alone isn't going to count for a whole hell of a lot when surgery is required. ",
"Yet even here, something grates …\n\n\"A heads-up would have been nice, dear\", Eva said to me on the way out of the movie theater.",
"\n\nNo kidding. ",
"To provide one, however, I would have had to use my own head.",
"\n\nWe had just watched the bawlfest known as Les Miserables. ",
"She had never been exposed to \"the persistent greatness\" of the story as the New Yorker terms it (Hugo's novel has been in continuous print since its first publication in 1862 and has been adapted numerous times for various media). ",
"I was very curious to see what effect, if any, the movie would have on someone completely unknowing the source material.",
"\n\nGod knows the musical devastated me. ",
"Thereby hangs a (short) tale.",
"\n\nI saw the Toronto production with my girlfriend at the time--it would have been '91 or '92. ",
"We both walked in not knowing what we were in for; I walked out three hours later barely able to see for the tears...along with all the audience. ",
"Except Lynne. ",
"She had what I swear were the only dry eyes in the house. (",
"You'd t…\n\nThe Breadbin has reduced its output by about half. ",
"One reason has been a deep lassitude that has pervaded my life in 2012; another has been a striking lack of anything good to write about (and as we were all taught, if you can't say anything nice, don't say anything at all). ",
"Low-grade stress has been a constant companion, both personally and in the wider world, and for much the same reason: uncertainty. ",
"I'm a person who would much rather hear bad news, even the worst news, than no news at all, and 2012 has been very much a \"holding pattern\" kind of year, a \"through a glass, darkly\" sort of year.",
"\nThe entire year has been a study in low-grade, carefully stoked media panic. ",
"The stock market has gone up and down, by my count, exactly 4783 times due to the Euro debt crisis and 3196 times due to the so-called 'fiscal cliff'. ",
"I've learned to discount th…\n\n\"We will take every step possible to ensure the safety of all of our people...I'm sure many of you who a parents here had the same reaction that I did when I heard this news....Michelle and I will be fortunate enough to be able to hug our girls a little tighter tonight, and I am sure you will do the same with your children.",
"\"--President Barack Obama, Friday, July 20, 2012, in reference to the Aurora movie theater shooting\n\n\"I can only hope it helps for you to know that you’re not alone in your grief, that our world, too, has been torn apart, that all across this land of ours, we have wept with you. ",
"We’ve pulled our children tight.",
"\"--President Barack Obama, Sunday, December 16, 2012, Newtown, Connecticut\n\nWith all due respect, Mr. President, words are wind.",
"\nYour speeches are necessary; they are comforting; they offer some solace in the midst of grief so pressing as to be unsupportable.",
"\n\nBut words are not enough. ",
"Words alone will do nothing to prevent the next tra…\n\n***note: I am writing this blog in installments. ",
"I have not left the house for a week due to a pulled groin that is still making it difficult to sit for any length of time. ",
"My apologies if this blog is disjointed. ",
"Then again, I'm angry enough right now to let my pain fuel my fingers.***",
"\n\n-----\n\nI have never in my life felt so much helplessness, so much anger, so much disgust at humanity, as I do today. ",
"I've fondled my off switch many times over the past ten years...today I hit it, and hard. ",
"Enough. ",
"Fucking enough.",
"\nI woke up this morning to this. ",
"The TL; DR: Admittedly corrupt bank launders billions of dollars in drug and blood money; is fined five weeks worth of revenue on the grounds that any punishment more severe might cause financial unrest.",
"\n\nWhat does this tell you about American priorities? ",
"The Mexican drug cartels actually designed money boxes to exactly fit through the teller windows. ",
"Could you be any more brazen? ",
"This went on for years. ",
"And the bank, as punishment, gets …\n\nThe spam problem, oh, yes. ",
"Remember when spam used to be shit posing as mail? ",
"I haven't had a spam message in my email inbox for so long I'd almost welcome one for the comic relief. ",
"I remember those messages used to say things like \"Peenizz ENLXXARGEXMENT IN TWO2 DAYS!!!\" ",
"At least six years. ",
"It's been at least that long since I've been bothered by so much as a single unsolicited email.",
"\n\nI get unsolicited phone calls every day. ",
"Often several times a day, and sometimes into the later hours of the night. ",
"We tend to power down this household at 8 or 8:30 p.m, and if the phone rings much after that I assume somebody's dead or dying. ",
"Yet telemarketers think nothing of calling at 9, 9:30, even later, and why would they? ",
"It's probably midmorning in…\n\nCurrently trying to recover from what may or may not be a pinched nerve. ",
"I say \"may or may not be\" because the pain doesn't seem to be coming primarily from the same place (front of the leg, not so much the back) and because the exercises for sciatica don't seem to be doing any good. ",
"Or bad, for that matter. ",
"Still, I had real trouble walking yesterday and while I'm marginally better today--painkillers for the win!--I'm dreading work tomorrow.",
"\n************\nSo I'm a longtime Redditor. ",
"Being male and with a functional libido, I subscribe to the sex \"subreddit (which is occasionally NSFW, I'm sure you don't need me to tell you). ",
"Anyway, it positively boggles my brain how many of the questions posed in that subreddit can be answered with a single word: \"COMMUNICATE!\"",
"\n\"Husband is a disaster in the bedroom, don't know what to do.\" ",
"Uh, have you talked to him?",
"\n\"Married for fifteen years, want to open our relationship, how…\n\nFor years I sided with the people who insist on Merry Christmas over vague niceties like Happy Holidays or especially 'Season's Greetings'. ",
"December 25th, after all, is called Christmas, and you can pussyfoot around and make up all the festive salutations you want to avoid mentioning it, but it's still called Christmas. (",
"The inner pedant must once again point out, as he does every year, that nobody knows when Jesus was born; it almost certainly wasn't even in the month of December at all; and it's astonishing how many Christians don't know that.)",
"\nI'm starting to get mighty annoyed, though, with the shrill, repeated insistence on Merry Christmas as the only acceptable form of greeting this time of year. ",
"THERE IS MORE THAN ONE HOLIDAY IN DECEMBER, FOLKS. ",
"And no, I'm not talking about Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, Diwali, or the Winter…\n\nPoor Rob Ford.",
"\nThe soon to be ex-mayor of Canada's largest city has discovered to his chagrin that laws apply to him.",
"\n\nWell, actually, he hasn't. ",
"He's framing his conviction on conflict of interest charges and consequent removal from office as an \"orchestrated attempt by the Left\" to get rid of him. ",
"A successful attempt, it turns out, and only because Ford himself provided all the necessary ammunition.",
"\n\nThe facts of the case were never at issue. ",
"I mean, Ford's vote regarding his own football charity is on record. ",
"And he flat out admitted he'd never read the Municipal Conflict of Interest Act which he ran afoul of...the very Act that governs his job. ",
"I don't know about you, but if I'm ever elected to office, I'll be an expert on conflict of interest matters within a day or two, and avoid anything that even looks like a conflict.",
"\nNot Ford, though. ",
"He seems to relish conflict. ",
"He has an amazing ability to say and do exactly the wrong thing at any g…\n\nThe ridiculosity starts at birth.",
"\nGenesis says it's the curse of Eve: \"Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children...\" (Gen 3:16a)\nThis is one of those places where, speaking metaphorically of course, the Bible nails it. ",
"That curse came about because Eve ate of the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. ",
"If you're willing to look mythically rather than literally at that whole passage, it's almost as if the knowledge, or consciousness, brings about the curse. (",
"The instant they eat that fruit they are suddenly self-conscious...)\nHuman beings have more labour pains than any animal I can think of. ",
"And why? ",
"Largely because our brain pans are grossly outsized relative to our bodies. ",
"While brain size alone is an almost meaningless measure of intelligence, brain size relative to body size is much more significant. ",
"I've no doubt that if you wander back into the mists of prehistory,…\n\nThis is perhaps the most concise and cogent analysis of why Obama won. (",
"Warning: the article itself is sane and measured--a rarity for the National Review, in my experience. ",
"Perhaps predictably, the COMMENTS are BEYOND LOONY.)",
"\n\nU.S. conservatives consider non-American opinion beneath contempt...beneath notice, even. ",
"It would not surprise Republicans in the least to learn that if the rest of the world had a vote, Mitt Romney would barely have registered; in their minds, that's just proof of American exceptionalism. ",
"What boggles the Right's collective brain is that their red-blooded America do-or-die-ism is, for the first time in a century, under attack from within America by some mad European-bred socialist fever. ",
"And damn it all to hell, in the case of Obamacare, the cure is the disease.",
"\n\nThere's a part of this article that really resonated with me, and confirmed, if any confirmation was necessary, my progressive bona fides:\n\nScratch that, I was attempting to make a joke there and that's kind of an anti-joke.",
"\n\nOf course, after the 2004 fiasco, some of you Obama voters are probably afraid you're going to find yourselves unwittingly voting for Romney. ",
"The truth is you probably don't have much to worry about from the machines themselves this time around. (",
"Romney's son does not own all the machines in Ohio, for one thing.) ",
"So don't fear the machines. ",
"Fear, instead, the voter suppression tactics used mostly in swing states and usually, but not always, by Republicans.",
"\nUp here in Canada, we've had our own political scandal, which is still percolating and fostering outrage. ",
"The voting irregularities in the U.S. are considerably more brazen and widespread, but for some odd reason they don't seem to provoke the same level of antipathy. ",
"I ascribe that to a perversion of the American Dream which suggests that since winning is all-important, a little cheatery is only to be expected and tacit…\n\nIn the middle of a gruelling inventory at work. ",
"I've been through close to thirty of these and this has been by far the most taxing. ",
"Usually grocery inventories involve one or at most two overnight shifts. ",
"This time I'm in the middle of five, every one of which has been or will be packed. ",
"For reasons too arcane for me to explain or you to care about, I have one night off in the middle of this five night stretch--which is something that has never been done to me in the course of a few hundred lifetime graveyard shifts. ",
"It's not easy. ",
"I ended up having a long nap last night from 9 until about 3:30. ",
"Given the extra hour as the clocks went back, that was longer than I intended to sleep but probably still not as much sleep as I needed. ",
"I plan to have another long nap this afternoon, and I hope that'll get me through the night. ",
"I hope. ",
"All hail Red Bull.",
"\n\nThis megadose of caffeine to wake up and sleeping pills to come down is not the way I want to live my life. ",
"But without th…\n\nIt doesn't bother me in and of itself. ",
"I have never once looked in a mirror and thought Jesus, buddy, you're fat. ",
"The only thing that bothers me about my general body shape is that any pant without an elasticized waist will tend to slowly slip off me, unless I cinch a belt tight enough to deprive my legs of blood. ",
"That's annoying. ",
"It makes me wonder what, exactly, the working world has against jogging pants--which are supremely comfortable and STAY WHERE THEY'RE PUT.",
"\n\nI'm overweight. ",
"I'm not obese.",
"\n\nMy wife is. ",
"Obese, I mean.",
"\n\nShe is completely honest and upfront about this in a way that really disconcerts many women. ",
"Yesterday, she was striding towards her car after work when someone called to her, \"you look like you're in a hurry. ",
"Trying to get out of here?\"",
"\nEva responded \"...as fast as my fat little body will carry me.\" ",
"This caused the other woman to laugh like a loon.",
"\nThis is far from the first time that my darlin…\n\nI admit it: when Anonymous announced they'd found Amanda Todd's primary bully, I cheered. ",
"A few days later, I was forced to retract my cheering when it turned out the guy they'd collared was innocent. ",
"Of that crime, anyway, though he's facing charges for something similar. ",
"Anonymous seems to think this is a-ok. ",
"I don't.",
"\n\nNow Anonymous has a new bully/victim. ",
"Is he the guy who bullied Amanda? ",
"I don't know. ",
"I doubt they really do, either. ",
"And that's a bit chilling. ",
"You have to figure they found something suggestive in his computer, but at the same time, this is getting perilously close to the same mentality that has forced teachers to refrain from touching or especially hugging their pupils under any circumstances...or the not-a-joke going around that nowadays, you need specific, written and signed documentation detailing every step you can and can't take sexually with any new partner. ",
"Women may scoff at that...but trust me, you can destroy a random man…\n\n...I probably wouldn't. ",
"If I was somewhere between grades six and nine in this lovely year of 2012, I'd be seriously considering suicide. ",
"Not in some melodramatic teenaged way, either. ",
"I'd be one of those methodical suicides you'd be shocked about, then realize in hindsight was inevitable.",
"\nWhat I wouldn't do, under any circumstances, is post my suicide note to YouTube.",
"\n\nI'm not sure I can say why, and that's what this blog is going to be about: my attempt to explain why I turned out pretty much okay despite five years of what I thought was constant bullying. ",
"Why suicide never did more than cross my mind when I was a young teen, and why I'm certain it would do a hell of a lot more than cross my mind if I was that age today.",
"\n\nIn grade three, I was one of The Popular Kids in my class. ",
"I wrote horror stories that were painfully derivative but still managed to scare people. ",
"I was the epicentre of a short-lived 'maze craze'...I actually sold little boo…\n\n...says Ken, in the year 2021. ",
"Or hey, why not make it next year, since they seem to be handing the things out like like candy now?",
"\n\nFirst Obama got one, not on the basis of anything he'd done at that point, but more because of sentiment and wishful thinking. ",
"Three years later, the country he leads is still at war--and will soon be at war on a second front (to be fair, this will happen whether Obama wins another term or not).",
"\n\nI will give the sitting president of the United States some credit for softening the sharp edges of American hegemony. ",
"Many on the right are horrified at this, because AMERICA FUCK YEAH WE'RE NUMBER ONE!!!1!!!! ",
"without Team America: World Police, the planet will inevitably devolve into a mess of warring factions.",
"\nPerhaps they have a point there. ",
"America's compulsive pie-poking over the last sixty years or so has kept World War Three at bay...but boy, has it ever increased the terrorism. ",
"Personally, I'd just as soon let sovereign nations keep their …\n\nIt's early. ",
"That goes without saying, but he'll say it anyway. ",
"It might be as early as four a.m., if Daddy's working at 6 that morning. ",
"It's 5:00 if he works at seven. ",
"And it's never later than 5:30 because that's when Mommy has to get up.",
"\nDaddy has probably been awake for three minutes to half an hour when the beepbeepbeep of the alarm shatters the predawn tranquility. ",
"He'll extricate himself from the tangle of covers and dogs--the Tux reclining regally at the top of the bed between Mommy and Daddy, the Peach buried deep under Daddy's covers. (",
"How she breathes down there Daddy will never know, but that's her preferred sleeping position, glommed to the Daddy with her butt aimed strategically at his nostrils. ",
"Peach-farts, by the way, do not smell like peaches.)",
"\nNow, the shower. ",
"A critical part of the morning here: the Shower is the halfway point between Bed and World. ",
"The main point of the Shower, besides the sluicing aw…"
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[
"Hungarian New Zealanders\n\nHungarian New Zealanders are people who have migrated from Hungary to New Zealand, and their descendants, if they choose to identify as such. ",
"Hungarian New Zealanders constitute a small minority of New Zealand's population. ",
"In the 2001 census in New Zealand, when asked to indicate their ethnic identity, 894 New Zealanders described themselves as \"Hungarian\", altogether 1,191 spoke Hungarian and 987 stated they were born in Hungary. ",
"In 2006 1476 people spoke Hungarian.",
"\n\nHistory\n\n19th century\n\nHungarians began to emigrate to New Zealand in the middle of the 19th century, but this was not a permanent settling. ",
"After the Hungarian Revolution in 1848 small groups arrived from Hungary, but also they travelled forward. ",
"In the 1860s there was a gold rush in Otago, again small groups arrived in New Zealand. ",
"One of them, Zsigmond Vékey, a lawyer became the journalist of Otago Daily Times. ",
"Later he went back to Hungary. ",
"The first permanent settlers came between 1872 and 1876, and some people later in the 19th century.",
"\n\n20th century\nIn 1909 a certain man, named István Rácz arrived in Tuatapere, Southland. ",
"He wrote letters to his home in Csongrád, Hungary. ",
"Because of this, in 1911 three other families (the Szivák, Kollát and Kókay families) joined him from the city. ",
"During the next two decades still some families followed them, altogether approximately 100 families. ",
"Some of their descendants became famous: in 1970 István Kókay's son, Stephen Kokay was chosen as the representative of the Waiau district on the Wallace County Council. ",
"One of his daughters is a biologist, named Dr. Ilona Kokay, who teaches at the Otago University. ",
"His son Les Kokay is internationally recognised in music circles for his writings on Bob Dylan in ISIS magazine and other writings on Bob Dylan. ",
"He invented the ‘LesK’ cube (a 3x3x3 cube puzzle) and was the first to solve a ‘fairly hard’ tetra-cube puzzle. ",
"Mike Racz became a Guinness recorder as the fastest oyster opener.",
"\n\nIn the beginning of the Second World War 55 Hungarians arrived, right after the war still 62. ",
"In the beginning of the 1950s another 136 Hungarians arrived in New Zealand. ",
" The largest group of refugees from Hungary, 1099 people, arrived after the 1956 Revolution. ",
"Most of them was settled in the main centres of Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. ",
"One of them was Anna Porter (born Anna Szigethy), the novelist, who later moved to Canada. ",
"The fathers of Marton Csokas and Nándor Tánczos both were 1956-refugees. ",
"Tom Paulay, also a 1956-refugee, taught at the University of Canterbury. ",
"Until 1970 still 290 Hungarians settled down in New Zealand.",
"\n\nHungarian culture in New Zealand\nIn the 1980s there was movement to create cultural associations. ",
"In 2006 such societies exist in four cities: Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin. ",
"On 20 August 2006, Magyar Millennium Park was opened in Wellington, featuring an original Székely gate.",
"\n\nThere is a quarterly newspaper for the Hungarians, the Magyar Szó (\"Hungarian Word\").",
"\n\nFamous Hungarian New Zealanders\n Marton Csokas - actor, played in the Lord of the Rings and in the Kingdom of Heaven.",
"\n Nándor Tánczos - cannabis advocate and former MP of the Parliament of New Zealand\n George Baloghy - artist, painter\n Imre Vallyon - writer\n Nick Horvath - naturalized basketball player\n Louis Fenton - New Zealand national football team player\n Sandor Earl - rugby player\n Claire Szabó - politician, president of the New Zealand Labour Party\n\nThere was a Hungarian football club, called Hungaria, notable members were:\n\n Imre Kiss\n Julius Beck\n Istvan Nemet\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Newspaper Magyar Szó\n Home page of the Hungarian consulate in New Zealand\n Loui Kuthy - The old man of the sea\n Maverick - Dunedin\n\nCategory:Hungarian diaspora by country\n*\nCategory:European New Zealander"
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[
"Filed 6/7/13 P. v. Reynada CA4/2\n\n NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS\n California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for\npublication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). ",
"This opinion has not been certified for publication\n or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.",
"\n\n\n IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA\n\n FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT\n\n DIVISION TWO\n\n\n\nTHE PEOPLE,\n\n Plaintiff and Respondent, E057567\n\nv. (Super.",
"Ct.",
"No. ",
"RIF1205989)\n\nMARTIN REYNADA, OPINION\n\n Defendant and Appellant.",
"\n\n\n\n APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. ",
"Becky Dugan, Judge.",
"\n\nAffirmed.",
"\n\n Patrick E. DuNah, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and\n\nAppellant.",
"\n\n No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent.",
"\n\n Defendant and appellant Martin Reynada pled guilty to three counts of committing\n\na lewd and lascivious act on a child under the age of 14 with force, fear or violence.",
"\n\n\n\n\n 1\n\f(Pen. ",
"Code, § 288, subd. (",
"b)(1).)1 As to each count, he also admitted to engaging in\n\nsubstantial sexual conduct with the victim. (§ ",
"1203.066, subd. (",
"a)(8).) ",
"In return,\n\ndefendant was sentenced to a total term of 21 years in state prison with credit for time\n\nserved. ",
"Defendant appeals from the judgment, challenging the sentence or other matters\n\noccurring after the plea, as well as the validity of the plea or admission. ",
"We find no error\n\nand affirm.",
"\n\n I\n\n FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND2\n\n From January 2009 through August 28, 2012, defendant sexually molested his\n\nstepdaughter, commencing when she was 10 years old, while she was asleep in her\n\nbedroom, at least once a week. ",
"The victim explained that defendant would enter her\n\nbedroom at night and orally copulate her and/or digitally penetrate her vagina. ",
"The\n\nsexual abuse was discovered on August 28, 2012, when the victim’s mother found\n\ndefendant at the foot of the victim’s bed with the victim’s pants zipper down and the\n\nvictim asleep.",
"\n\n On August 30, 2012, a felony complaint was filed charging defendant with three\n\ncounts of committing a lewd and lascivious act on a child under the age of 14 with force,\n\nfear or violence. (§ ",
"288, subd. (",
"b)(1), counts 1-3.) ",
"The complaint further alleged that as\n\n\n\n\n 1 All further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise indicated.",
"\n\n 2 The factual background is taken from the police report.",
"\n\n\n 2\n\fto each count defendant had engaged in substantial sexual conduct with the victim.",
"\n\n(§ 1203.066, subd. (",
"a)(8).)",
"\n\n On September 11, 2012, in an “open” plea to the court, defendant pled guilty to\n\nthe sheet as charged with the understanding that he could receive a sentence of up to 30\n\nyears in state prison. ",
"The trial court found that the plea and admissions were entered into\n\nfreely and voluntarily and that defendant knowingly and intelligently waived his rights.",
"\n\nDefendant was thereafter ordered to be evaluated by a probation officer and psychologist.",
"\n\n The sentencing hearing was held on November 9, 2012. ",
"Following arguments\n\nfrom counsel, defendant was sentenced to a total term of 21 years in state prison with\n\ncredit of 85 days for time served.",
"\n\n On November 14, 2012, defendant filed a notice of appeal, challenging the\n\nsentence or other matters occurring after the plea, as well as the validity of the plea or\n\nadmission, and a request for certificate of probable cause. ",
"The trial court denied the\n\nrequest for certificate of probable cause.",
"\n\n II\n\n DISCUSSION\n\n Defendant appealed and, upon his request, this court appointed counsel to\n\nrepresent him. ",
"Counsel has filed a brief under the authority of People v. Wende (1979)\n\n25 Cal.3d 436 and Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738, setting forth a statement of\n\nthe case, a summary of the facts and potential arguable issues, and requesting this court\n\nconduct an independent review of the record.",
"\n\n\n\n\n 3\n\f We offered defendant an opportunity to file a personal supplemental brief, but he\n\nhas not done so. ",
"Pursuant to the mandate of People v. Kelly (2006) 40 Cal.4th 106, we\n\nhave independently reviewed the record for potential error and find no arguable issues.",
"\n\n III\n\n DISPOSITION\n\n The judgment is affirmed.",
"\n\n NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS\n\n\n\n RAMIREZ\n P. J.\n\n\nWe concur:\n\n\nMILLER\n J.\n\n\nCODRINGTON\n J.\n\n\n\n\n 4\n\f"
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"##-*****************************************************************************\n##\n## Copyright (c) 2009-2015,\n## Sony Pictures Imageworks Inc. and\n## Industrial Light & Magic, a division of Lucasfilm Entertainment Company Ltd.\n##\n## All rights reserved.",
"\n##\n## Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n## modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are\n## met:\n## * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n## notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.",
"\n## * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above\n## copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer\n## in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the\n## distribution.",
"\n## * Neither the name of Industrial Light & Magic nor the names of\n## its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived\n## from this software without specific prior written permission.",
"\n##\n## THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS\n## \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n## LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR\n## A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. ",
"IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT\n## OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,\n## SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n## LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n## DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY\n## THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n## (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE\n## OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.",
"\n##\n##-*****************************************************************************\n\nLIST(APPEND CXX_FILES\n Abc/ArchiveInfo.cpp\n Abc/ErrorHandler.cpp\n Abc/IArchive.cpp\n Abc/IArrayProperty.cpp\n Abc/ICompoundProperty.cpp\n Abc/IObject.cpp\n Abc/ISampleSelector.cpp\n Abc/IScalarProperty.cpp\n Abc/OArchive.cpp\n Abc/OArrayProperty.cpp\n Abc/OCompoundProperty.cpp\n Abc/OObject.cpp\n Abc/OScalarProperty.cpp\n Abc/Reference.cpp\n Abc/SourceName.cpp\n)\nSET(CXX_FILES \"${CXX_FILES}\" PARENT_SCOPE)\n\nINSTALL(FILES\n All.h\n Base.h\n ErrorHandler.h\n Foundation.h\n Argument.h\n ArchiveInfo.h\n IArchive.h\n IArrayProperty.h\n IBaseProperty.h\n ICompoundProperty.h\n IObject.h\n ISampleSelector.h\n IScalarProperty.h\n ISchema.h\n ISchemaObject.h\n ITypedArrayProperty.h\n ITypedScalarProperty.h\n OArchive.h\n OArrayProperty.h\n OBaseProperty.h\n OCompoundProperty.h\n OObject.h\n OScalarProperty.h\n OSchema.h\n OSchemaObject.h\n OTypedArrayProperty.h\n OTypedScalarProperty.h\n Reference.h\n SourceName.h\n TypedArraySample.h\n TypedPropertyTraits.h\n DESTINATION include/Alembic/Abc\n)\n\nIF (USE_TESTS)\n ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(Tests)\nENDIF()\n"
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"Kalvari is named after the dreaded Tiger Shark, a deadly deep sea predator of the Indian Ocean. (",
"ANI) Kalvari is named after the dreaded Tiger Shark, a deadly deep sea predator of the Indian Ocean. (",
"ANI)\n\nKalvari, the first of the six Scorpene-class submarines, on Thursday was handed over to the Indian Navy by shipbuilder Mazgaon Dock limited, paving way for its commissioning soon.",
"\n\nThe development marks a major milestone in Indian Navy’s submarine programme as the vessel is expected to bolster India’s maritime prowess, a senior Navy official said. “",
"History was written at MDL (Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd) with the delivery of the first Scorpene submarine, Kalvari, to the Indian Navy today,” a senior MDL official said.",
"\n\nThe submarines, designed by French naval defence and energy company DCNS, are being built by Mazagon Dock Limited in Mumbai as part of Project-75 of the Indian Navy. “",
"The state-of-the-art technology utilised in the Scorpene has ensured superior stealth features such as advanced acoustic silencing techniques, low radiated noise levels, hydro-dynamically optimised shape and the ability to launch a crippling attack on the enemy using precision guided weapons,” the MDL said in a statement.",
"\n\nKalvari is named after the dreaded Tiger Shark, a deadly deep sea predator of the Indian Ocean. ",
"The first Kalvari, commissioned on December 8, 1967, was also the first submarine of the Indian Navy. ",
"It was decommissioned on May 31, 1996, after nearly three decades of service.",
"\n\nThe MDL statement said the delivery of the vessel also reaffirms the strides taken by the shipbuilder in the ‘Make In India’ programme. ",
"The second of the Scorpenes, Khanderi, was launched in January this year, and is currently undergoing the rigorous phase of sea trials. ",
"The third Scorpene, Karanj, is being readied for launch later this year. ",
"The rest are in various stages of outfitting.",
"\n\n📣 The Indian Express is now on Telegram. ",
"Click here to join our channel (@indianexpress) and stay updated with the latest headlines\n\nFor all the latest India News, download Indian Express App."
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"Leo Michael Toyad\n\nMuhammad Leo Michael Toyad bin Abdullah (Jawi: محمد ليو ميچايل توياد بن عبدالله; born 11 April 1950) is a Malaysian politician. ",
"He is currently the Member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the Mukah constituency in Sarawak, representing the Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB) in the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.",
"\n\nToyad was first elected to Parliament in the 1982 election. ",
"In 1987 he became Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, and after the 2004 election he joined the full ministry of Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi as Minister for Tourism . ",
"He was dropped from the ministry 2006, in a move that surprised observers, to be replaced by Tengku Adnan Tengku Mansor. ",
"Ahead of the 2008 election he indicated his intention to retire, but he recontested and won his seat, both in that poll and again in 2013.",
"\n\nHonours\n\nHonours of Malaysia\n :\n Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) - Tan Sri (2017)\n\n :\n Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of Sarawak (PNBS) - Dato' Sri (2006)\n\nReferences\n\n \n\nCategory:Converts to Islam\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Knights Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of Sarawak\nCategory:Malaysian Muslims\nCategory:Melanau people\nCategory:Members of the Dewan Rakyat\nCategory:Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu politicians\nCategory:1950 births\nCategory:People from Sarawak\nCategory:Government ministers of Malaysia\nCategory:Malaysian medical doctors\nCategory:Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia"
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"Phase II trial of combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, carboplatin and etoposide in stage IIIB and IV small-cell lung cancer. ",
"Fukuoka Lung Cancer Study Group.",
"\nA phase II trial combining cisplatin, carboplatin and etoposide was conducted in previously untreated patients with stage IIIB and IV small-cell lung cancer, in an attempt to increase response rates and prolong survival. ",
"Previously untreated patients with small-cell lung cancer, with measurable disease, aged < or = 72 years, performance status < or = 2, and adequate hematologic, hepatic and renal function were enrolled in the study. ",
"They were treated with 80 mg/m2 cisplatin on day 1, 100 mg/m2 carboplatin on days 2, 3 and 8, and 50 mg/m2 etoposide on days 1, 2, 3 and 8. ",
"A total of 46 patients (20 with stage IIIB and 26 with stage IV disease) were enrolled in the study. ",
"A total of 186 courses of chemotherapy were given, and the dose was reduced in 27 courses (15%). ",
"The chemotherapy was repeated for four or more courses in 30 patients. ",
"There were 10 complete responses and 32 partial responses, for a total response rate of 91% (95% confidence interval, 79% to 98%). ",
"The median survival time and 2-year survival rates were 18 months and 22% for stage IIIB disease, and 14 months and 15% for stage IV disease. ",
"Major side effects were hematologic: leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia of grade 3 or more occurred in 48%, 46%, and 43% of patients, respectively. ",
"The three-drug regimen of cisplatin, carboplatin and etoposide is feasible and active against small-cell lung cancer."
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"Q:\n\nDate range query for Mongo document field that is an ISOString but not typed Date?",
"\n\nSay I have a collection with documents (from JSON) that include a field with date information - as ISOString (but not Date typed). ",
"For example:\n{\n foo: {\n completed: \"2015-02-25T12:44:47.335Z\"\n }\n}\n\nHow can I perform a date range query on this data? ",
"As far as I can tell the field is treated as a String. ",
"I'm also using Mongoose. ",
"Can I do something in the schema to type this sub-field appropriately?",
"\n\nA:\n\nConverting to a Date type is best, but you can still perform sorting and range filtering on ISO date strings.",
"\ndb.test.find({'foo.completed': {\n $gt: '2015-01-25T12:44:47.335Z', \n $lt: '2015-03-25T12:44:47.335Z'\n}})\n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} | [
0.023255813953488372,
0,
0,
0,
0.04,
0,
0.008695652173913044,
0
] | 0.008994 | 5 |
[
"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t4;\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 TINYINT ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(3) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 TINYINT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 SMALLINT ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(5) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 SMALLINT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(6) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 MEDIUMINT ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(8) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 MEDIUMINT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(9) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INT ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 INT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INTEGER ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 INTEGER NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 BIGINT ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 BIGINT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 REAL ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 REAL NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DOUBLE ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 DOUBLE NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 FLOAT ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 FLOAT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DECIMAL ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 DECIMAL NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 NUMERIC ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 NUMERIC NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 TINYINT ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(3) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 TINYINT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 SMALLINT ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(5) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 SMALLINT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(6) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 MEDIUMINT ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(8) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 MEDIUMINT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(9) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INT ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 INT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INTEGER ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 INTEGER NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 BIGINT ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 BIGINT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 REAL ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 REAL NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DOUBLE ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 DOUBLE NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 FLOAT ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 FLOAT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DECIMAL ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 DECIMAL NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 NUMERIC ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 NUMERIC NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 TINYINT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(3) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 TINYINT UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 SMALLINT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(5) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 SMALLINT UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(8) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(8) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 INT UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INTEGER UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 INTEGER UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 BIGINT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 BIGINT UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 REAL UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 REAL UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DOUBLE UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 DOUBLE UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 FLOAT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 FLOAT UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DECIMAL UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 DECIMAL UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 NUMERIC UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 NUMERIC UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 TINYINT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(3) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 TINYINT UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 SMALLINT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(5) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 SMALLINT UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(8) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(8) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 INT UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INTEGER UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 INTEGER UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 BIGINT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 BIGINT UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 REAL UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 REAL UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DOUBLE UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 DOUBLE UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 FLOAT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 FLOAT UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DECIMAL UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 DECIMAL UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 NUMERIC UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 NUMERIC UNSIGNED NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned DEFAULT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 TINYINT ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(3) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 TINYINT NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(4) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 SMALLINT ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(5) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 SMALLINT NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(6) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 MEDIUMINT ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(8) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 MEDIUMINT NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(9) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INT ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 INT NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(11) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INTEGER ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 INTEGER NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(11) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 BIGINT ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 BIGINT NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 REAL ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 REAL NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DOUBLE ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 DOUBLE NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 FLOAT ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 FLOAT NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DECIMAL ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 DECIMAL NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 NUMERIC ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 NUMERIC NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 TINYINT ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(3) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 TINYINT NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(4) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 SMALLINT ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(5) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 SMALLINT NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(6) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 MEDIUMINT ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(8) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 MEDIUMINT NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(9) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INT ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 INT NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(11) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INTEGER ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 INTEGER NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(11) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 BIGINT ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 BIGINT NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 REAL ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 REAL NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DOUBLE ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 DOUBLE NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 FLOAT ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 FLOAT NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DECIMAL ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 DECIMAL NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 NUMERIC ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 CHANGE c1 c1 NUMERIC NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` decimal(10,0) NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 TINYINT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(3) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 SMALLINT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(5) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(8) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 INTEGER UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 BIGINT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 REAL UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 REAL UNSIGNED NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 DOUBLE UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 DOUBLE UNSIGNED NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` double unsigned NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nDROP TABLE t4;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nCREATE TABLE t4(c1 FLOAT UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NOT NULL);\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE TABLE `t4` (\n `c1` float unsigned zerofill NOT NULL\n) ENGINE=ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\nALTER TABLE t4 MODIFY c1 FLOAT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;\nSHOW TABLES;\nTables_in_test\nt4\nSHOW CREATE TABLE t4;\nTable\tCreate Table\nt4\tCREATE 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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe field or art as established in and by the U.S. Patent Office pertains to \"LAND VEHICLES,\" and, in particular, to dump trucks and to trailer towing bars. ",
"The drawbars are removable so that the tailgate may be open for dumping when and as the container body is tilted and the gate is opened.",
"\n2. ",
"Description of the Prior Art\nDump trucks are very well known and many of such trucks contemplate the lifting of the container body by hydraulic and like means. ",
"The end gate is often hinged at the top so that granular material may be dispensed from the opened gate. ",
"Often these trucks are used with auxiliary devices which are transported by a trailer member to the site of the job. ",
"Regular attaching means, in the form of ball and socket and like means, is a fixedly secured device. ",
"The problem in the use of such a device is with the tipping of the body and the swinging of the tailgate. ",
"The manufacturers of the trucks and their material hauling bodies have disclaimed and stated that trailer attaching means is not possible because of the swinging arc of motion provided by the body and tailgate. ",
"The present invention provides a drawbar that depicts a selected height for the attaching of a trailer. ",
"The trailer may require differing heights of attachment since the heights of the trailer front connecting tongue are at a selected distance above a nominal ground."
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"The association between fruit and vegetable intake, knowledge of the recommendations, and health information seeking within adults in the U.S. mainland and in Puerto Rico.",
"\nHealth information correlates of fruit and vegetable intake and of knowledge of the fruit and vegetable recommendations were examined using bivariate and multivariate regressions with data from the 2007-2008 U.S. National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey in the United States and in Puerto Rico. ",
"Residents from Puerto Rico had the lowest reported fruit and vegetable intake and the lowest knowledge of the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables to maintain good health, compared with U.S. Hispanics, non-Hispanic Whites, and Blacks. ",
"Sixty-seven percent of Puerto Rican residents and 62% of U.S. Hispanics reported never seeking information on health or medical topics. ",
"In multivariate analysis, those who never sought information on health or medical topics reported significantly lower fruit and vegetable intake (coefficient = -0.24; 95% CI [-0.38, -0.09]), and were less likely to know the fruit and vegetable recommendations (OR = 0.32; 95% CI [0.20, 0.52]), compared with those who obtained information from their health care providers. ",
"Health promotion initiatives in the United States and Puerto Rico have invested in mass media campaigns to increase consumption of and knowledge about fruit and vegetables, but populations with the lowest intake are less likely to seek information. ",
"Strategies must be multipronged to address institutional, economic, and behavioral constraints of populations who do not seek out health information from any sources."
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"]]>http://1390thefan.com/motzko-expects-brodzinski-decision-within-ten-days-audio/feed/0Photo by Bruce Bennett/Getty ImagesUND Tops SCSU In West Regional Finalhttp://1390thefan.com/und-tops-scsu-in-west-regional-final/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/und-tops-scsu-in-west-regional-final/#commentsSun, 29 Mar 2015 03:41:05 +0000Dave Overlundhttp://1390thefan.com/?p=177141Continue reading…]]>The University of North Dakota is headed back to the Frozen Four after a 3-1 win over St. Cloud State in the NCAA tournament's West Regional final.",
"\n\n]]>http://1390thefan.com/und-tops-scsu-in-west-regional-final/feed/0Dave OverlundFargo Turns Out To Be Anything But Neutralhttp://1390thefan.com/fargo-turns-out-to-be-anything-but-neutral/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/fargo-turns-out-to-be-anything-but-neutral/#commentsSun, 29 Mar 2015 00:02:26 +0000Dave Overlundhttp://1390thefan.com/?p=177133Continue reading…]]>The listed capacity at Scheels is 6,000. ",
"St. Cloud State was allotted 400 tickets and quickly sold out, and Michigan Tech appeared to travel about 100 fans to Fargo. ",
"Attendance by anyone from Quinnipiac was spotty at best.",
"\n\n]]>http://1390thefan.com/scsu-tops-michigan-tech-in-ot-thriller/feed/0Dave Overlund Tickets For NCAA Hockey Regional In Short Supplyhttp://1390thefan.com/tickets-for-ncaa-hockey-regional-in-short-supply/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/tickets-for-ncaa-hockey-regional-in-short-supply/#commentsFri, 27 Mar 2015 20:54:14 +0000Dave Overlundhttp://1390thefan.com/?p=177104Continue reading…]]>The 2015 NCAA Hockey West Regional is being held at Scheels Arena in Fargo, North Dakota. ",
"Capacity is just over 5,000 at the home of the USHL's Fargo Force, and with North Dakota holding the top seed in the region, to say tickets were in short supply would be an understatement\n\n]]>http://1390thefan.com/tickets-for-ncaa-hockey-regional-in-short-supply/feed/0Dave Overlund Huskies Make NCAA Tourney As #3 Seedhttp://1390thefan.com/huskies-make-ncaa-tourney-as-3-seed/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/huskies-make-ncaa-tourney-as-3-seed/#commentsSun, 22 Mar 2015 18:59:30 +0000Isaac Schweerhttp://wjon.com/?p=307304Continue reading…]]>The St. Cloud State men's hockey team watched eagerly as it was announced this afternoon that the Huskies were invited to the NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.",
"\n\n]]>http://1390thefan.com/hat-trick-leads-miami-over-huskies-in-finals/feed/0Photo Courtesy of SCSU AthleticsHuskies Top #1 North Dakota At Frozen Faceoffhttp://1390thefan.com/huskies-top-1-north-dakota-at-frozen-faceoff/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/huskies-top-1-north-dakota-at-frozen-faceoff/#commentsFri, 20 Mar 2015 23:27:23 +0000Dave Overlundhttp://1390thefan.com/?p=176794Continue reading…]]>The St. Cloud State Huskies took on top-ranked North Dakota Friday afternoon in a National Collegiate Hockey Conference Frozen Faceoff semifinal. ",
"SCSU likely punched their ticket to the NCAA Tournament with a 3-1 win.",
"\n\n]]>http://1390thefan.com/huskies-top-1-north-dakota-at-frozen-faceoff/feed/0Dave OverlundSCSU Hockey Preview With Oliver, Motzko and Hatten [AUDIO]http://1390thefan.com/scsu-hockey-preview-with-oliver-motzko-and-hatten-audio/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/scsu-hockey-preview-with-oliver-motzko-and-hatten-audio/#commentsThu, 19 Mar 2015 12:29:11 +0000Dave Overlundhttp://1390thefan.com/?p=176702Continue reading…]]>After missing out on the inaugural Frozen Faceoff last season, the SCSU men's hockey team will make the trek to Minneapolis on Friday to take on rival North Dakota. ",
"The Huskies swept Nebraska-Omaha to reach the tournament.",
"\n\n]]>http://1390thefan.com/scsu-hockey-preview-with-oliver-motzko-and-hatten-audio/feed/0Declan Goff Commissioner: \"Bracket Integrity\" Reason For SCSU Early Start [AUDIO]http://1390thefan.com/commissioner-bracket-integrity-reason-for-scsu-early-start-audio/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/commissioner-bracket-integrity-reason-for-scsu-early-start-audio/#commentsTue, 17 Mar 2015 12:18:32 +0000Dave Overlundhttp://1390thefan.com/?p=176587Continue reading…]]>There were two possible start times for the matchup at Target Center: 4:07 and 7:07, with the other semifinal pitting Miami University against Denver. ",
"It seemed like a no-brainer, with the games being televised on CBS Sports Network, that the juiciest matchup between the Huskies and NoDak would take place in prime time.",
"\n\n]]>http://1390thefan.com/nchc-frozen-faceoff-times-announced/feed/0SCSU Athletics SCSU Wrestling Wins National Championshiphttp://1390thefan.com/scsu-wrestling-wins-national-championship/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/scsu-wrestling-wins-national-championship/#commentsSun, 15 Mar 2015 19:05:10 +0000Isaac Schweerhttp://wjon.com/?p=306194Continue reading…]]>The St. Cloud State Huskies wrestling team has won the NCAA Division II National Championship for the first time in school history.",
"\n\n]]>http://1390thefan.com/huskies-advance-after-sweep-of-omaha/feed/0SCSU HockeyHuskies Notch Playoff Win In Double OThttp://1390thefan.com/huskies-notch-playoff-win-in-double-ot/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/huskies-notch-playoff-win-in-double-ot/#commentsSat, 14 Mar 2015 14:29:09 +0000Isaac Schweerhttp://wjon.com/?p=306130Continue reading…]]>The St. Cloud State Huskies men's hockey team won the first game of the opening round of the NCHC Playoffs 2-1 in double overtime against the University of Nebraska-Omaha.",
"\n\n]]>http://1390thefan.com/huskies-edged-by-78-denver/feed/0Huskies Run Out Of Time In Loss To #1 North Dakotahttp://1390thefan.com/huskies-run-out-of-time-in-loss-to-1-north-dakota/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/huskies-run-out-of-time-in-loss-to-1-north-dakota/#commentsSat, 28 Feb 2015 16:25:28 +0000Isaac Schweerhttp://wjon.com/?p=303872Continue reading…]]>After falling behind by three goals to #1 North Dakota, the St. Cloud State Huskies men's hockey team could not complete the comeback in a 3-2 loss on Friday night.",
"\n\n]]>http://1390thefan.com/huskies-sweep-5-omaha-with-shutout/feed/0SCSU Basketball Disappoints Against St. Mary'shttp://1390thefan.com/scsu-basketball-disappoints-against-st-marys/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/scsu-basketball-disappoints-against-st-marys/#commentsSun, 22 Feb 2015 14:49:25 +0000Isaac Schweerhttp://wjon.com/?p=302870Continue reading…]]>The St. Cloud State University men's and women's basketball teams each lost disappointing games against St. Mary's on Saturday.",
"\n\n]]>http://1390thefan.com/scsu-basketball-disappoints-against-st-marys/feed/0Bella Rose Photography/SCSU Athletics2 Late Goals Lift Huskies Over #5 Omahahttp://1390thefan.com/2-late-goals-lift-huskies-over-5-omaha/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/2-late-goals-lift-huskies-over-5-omaha/#commentsSat, 21 Feb 2015 16:05:01 +0000Isaac Schweerhttp://wjon.com/?p=302828Continue reading…]]>The St. Cloud State Huskies men's hockey team got two goals in the final five minutes to rally to a 4-3 victory over #5 Omaha on Friday.",
"\n\n]]>http://1390thefan.com/2-late-goals-lift-huskies-over-5-omaha/feed/0SCSU Basketball Notches Victories Against Minothttp://1390thefan.com/scsu-basketball-notches-victories-against-minot/\nhttp://1390thefan.com/scsu-basketball-notches-victories-against-minot/#commentsSat, 21 Feb 2015 15:47:07 +0000Isaac Schweerhttp://wjon.com/?p=302822Continue reading…]]>The St. Cloud State University men's and women's basketball teams each won in their match ups against Minot State on Friday."
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[
"Q:\n\nWhy does this exact sequence of sheaves imply the maps are $G$-equivariant?",
"\n\nI'm confused about something in Tamme's Introduction to Étale Cohomology (page 27). ",
"Let $G$ be a group and let $G$-$\\mathsf{Set}$ denote the category of left $G$-sets with $G$-equivariant maps as morphisms. ",
"Let $T_G$ denote the canonical topology on this category. ",
"Then a family $\\left\\{\\phi_i: U_i \\to U\\right\\}$ is a family of universal effective epimorphisms if and only if $U = \\bigcup_i \\phi_i (U_i)$.\nTamme is showing that the category $G$-$\\textsf{Set}$ is equivalent to the category of sheaves of sets on the site ($G$-$\\textsf{Set}$, $T_G$). ",
"To a $G$-set $Z$ we associate the representable sheaf $h_Z = \\text{Hom}_G (-, Z)$ and to a sheaf $F$ we associate the set $F(G)$ made into a left $G$-set by applying $F$ to the right-multiplication of $G$ on itself. ",
"It is easy to see that\n$$ Z\\mapsto h_Z \\mapsto h_Z (G) = \\text{Hom}_G (G, Z)$$\ngives a natural isomorphism in one direction of the equivalence. ",
"The thing I'm struggling with is the other direction: showing that\n$$ F \\cong \\text{Hom}_G (-, F(G))$$\nnaturally in $F$.\nTo set things up specifically for my problem, let $U$ be a $G$-set and let $u\\in U$. Define $\\phi_u : G\\to U$ by $\\phi_u (g) = g\\cdot u$. Then $\\phi_u$ is a $G$-map and $\\left\\{\\phi_u : G\\to U\\right\\}_{u\\in U}$ is a covering family in $T_G$. The sheaf property of $F$ gives us an equaliser diagram\n$$ F(U)\\to\\prod_{u\\in U} F(G)\\rightrightarrows \\prod_{u, v \\in U} F(G\\times_U G)$$\nHence $F(U)$ can be identified with a subset of the set $\\prod_{u\\in U } F(G) \\cong \\left\\{ \\text{functions } U\\to F(G)\\right\\}$.\nI'm struggling to interpret how the exactness condition implies that each of these functions $U\\to F(G)$ is actually a $G$-map i.e. $F(U) \\cong \\text{Hom}_G (U, F(G))$ (as is quickly mentioned in the book). ",
"I know that this is just a matter of spelling out what the maps to the term on the right actually are, but I've let myself get extremely confused. ",
"I'd really appreciate if anyone can explain how it works in more detail than the book. ",
"Thanks!",
"\n\nEdit: Zhen Lin's comment proves the equivalence with a far more general statement about sheaves on categories of sheaves; this example follows as a special case where the underlying site has one object. ",
"However I would still like to see an answer to this question because the thing that is actually confusing me is how one interprets the equaliser diagram to see that elements of $F(U)$ are naturally $G$-equivariant functions $U\\to F(G)$. I am not sure if this is obvious and I am just looking at it in the wrong way or if it requires some work.",
"\n\nA:\n\nFirst, let us introduce some notation :\nLet $F$ be any presheaf of sets on $G$-Set. ",
"If $f:U\\rightarrow V$ is any map of $G$-Sets, we write $f^*:F(V)\\rightarrow F(U)$ for the restriction.",
"\nLet $R_g:G\\rightarrow G$ be the right multiplication map $h\\mapsto hg$. If $F$ is any presheaf on $G$-Set, then $F(G)$ is a $G$-set via $(g,x)\\mapsto R_g^*(x)$.\nAlso, if $U$ is any $G$-set and $u\\in U$, you have a map $\\phi_u:G\\rightarrow U$ such that $\\phi_u(g)=g.u$. This defines a map \n$$\\Psi:F(U)\\rightarrow\\prod_u F(G)=F(G)^U.$$\nConcretely, if $\\alpha\\in F(U)$, then $\\Psi(\\alpha)$ is the map $u\\mapsto \\phi_u^*(\\alpha)$.\n\nNow, without any further hypotheses, I claim that $\\Psi(\\alpha)$ is already a $G$-equivariant map. ",
"Indeed, the structure of $G$-Set on $F(G)$, we have :\n$$g.(\\Psi(\\alpha)(x))=R_g^*(\\Psi(\\alpha)(u))=R_g^*\\phi_u^*(\\alpha)=(\\phi_u\\circ R_g)^*(\\alpha)=\\phi_{gu}^*\\alpha=\\Phi(\\alpha)(g.u)$$\nsince you can easily check that $\\phi_u\\circ R_g=\\phi_{gu}$ as maps $G\\rightarrow U$.\n\nYou have an diagram :\n$$F(U)\\overset{\\Psi}\\rightarrow\\prod_u F(G)\\rightrightarrows\\prod_{u,v} F(G\\times_U G)$$\nBy definition, if $F$ is separated, then the first map is a mono.",
"\nLet us shows that, if $F$ is a sheaf, then the equalizer of the two maps are exactly the set of maps $U\\rightarrow F(G)$ which are $G$-equivariant. ",
"This will show that $\\Psi$ maps isomorphically $F(U)$ to the set of $G$-equivariant maps $U\\rightarrow F(G)$.\nWrite $d^1,d^2$ for these two maps. ",
"Concretely, if $r=(r_u)_{u\\in U}$ is an element of $\\prod_{u\\in U}F(G)$, then $d^1(r),d^2(r)$ are families $$d^1(r)_{u,v},d^2(r)_{u,v}\\in F(G\\times_U G)=F(\\{(g,h)\\in G\\times G, g.u=h.v\\})$$\nNow $d^1(r)_{u,v}=p_1^*(r_u)$ and $d^2(r)_{u,v}=p_2^*(r_v)$.\nSo assume first that $d^1(r)=d^2(r)$ and let us show that $r=(r_u)$ is $G$-equivariant (this is not needed to prove the equivalence of categories, but for sake of completeness...). ",
"We have $p_1^*(r_u)=p_2^*(r_v)$ for all $u,v$ and we want to prove that $r_{f.u}=R_f^*r_u$ for all $u\\in U$ and all $f\\in G$. So fix $u\\in U, f\\in G$ and let $v=f.u$. Let\n$$ i_f:G\\rightarrow G\\times_U G=\\{(g,h), g.u=hf.u \\} $$\nbe the map $g\\mapsto (gf,g)$. Clearly $p_2i_f=\\operatorname{id}$ and $p_1i_f=R_f$. Now compute :\n$$ r_{f.u}=r_v=i_f^*p_2^*(r_v)=i_f^*p_1^*(r_u)=R_f^*r_u$$\nHence $r$ is $G$-equivariant as claimed (we didn't use the fact that $F$ was a sheaf).",
"\nConversely and finally, assume that $r=(r_u)_{u\\in U}$ is $G$-equivariant ($R_g^*r_u=r_{g.u}$). ",
"We want to show that for all $u,v$, $p_1^*r_u=p_2^*r_v\\in F(\\{(g,h)\\in G\\times G, g.u=h.v\\})$. Let $E_{u,v}=\\{f\\in G, f.u=v\\}$ and consider the map\n$$\\begin{array}{rcl}G\\times E_{u,v}&\\rightarrow& G\\times_U G\\\\\n(g,f)&\\mapsto& (gf,g)\\end{array}$$\nIn fact, consider $G\\times E_{u,v}$ as the disjoint union $\\coprod_{f\\in E_{u,v}} G$. So that this map is actually a map of $G$-sets, and is component-wise given by the maps $i_f$ considered previously.",
"\nThis map is obviously an isomorphism with inverse $(g,h)\\mapsto (h, h^{-1}g)$. Because $F$ is a sheaf, it is in particular additive (meaning $F(A\\sqcup B)=F(A)\\times F(B)$), this implies that\n$$ F(G\\times_U G)\\simeq F(G\\times E_{u,v})\\simeq\\prod_{f\\in E_{u,v}}F(G)$$\nSo by construction an element $x\\in F(G\\times_U G)$ maps to the family $(i_f^*x)_{f\\in E_{u,v}}$. Because this is an isomorphism, to prove $p_1^*r_u=p_2^*r_v$, it is enough to prove this equality after applying $i_f^*$ for all $f\\in E_{u,v}$, in other words for all $f\\in G$ such that $f.u=v$.\nNow compute :\n$$i_f^*p_1^*r_u=R_f^*r_u=r_{f.u}=r_v=i_f^*p_2^* r_v$$\nThis concludes the proof. ",
"\n\n"
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"Asthma has long been considered a complex genetic disease that is subject to environmental triggers experienced over a lifetime. ",
"Yet more recent evidence suggests that the onset of asthma may be modulated by intra-uterine environmental exposures. ",
"Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has been associated with decreased lung formation. ",
"In addition, higher DEP exposure has been associated with a greater risk of becoming sensitized to pollen, and with up regulation of Th2 cytokines thought to underly atopy or allergic asthma. ",
"But despite growing evidence implicating prenatal allergen exposure to the subsequent onset of asthma-related phenotypes, the modulatory role of prenatal exposure to DEP to the later onset of asthma has not been elucidated. ",
"Furthermore, the mechanisms, including the impact of prenatal DEP exposure on lung development and differential gene expression, have not been studied. ",
"We hypothesize that prenatal diesel exposure can increase the risk for adult-onset asthma. ",
"Our strategy will be to study the effects of prenatal DEP exposure to asthma by employing reliable mouse models for antigen-specific sensitization and using them to study phenotypes associated with adult asthma, including augmented IgE production, commitment to the Th2 lineage, airway hyperreactivity, and airway remodeling. ",
"We predict that prenatal DEP exposure will lead to increased IgE class switching and Th2 differentiation, thereby promoting the risk for adult-onset asthma. ",
"We also predict that lung developmental changes and/or differential gene expression detected following in utero exposure to DEP will be associated with adult asthma. ",
"We anticipate that a study of the importance of immunologic and genetic responses to intra-uterine environmental stimuli, and their impacts on later disease, could lead to a better understanding of the role of environmental pollutants to asthma pathogenesis, and ultimately better strategies for prevention. ",
"Specifically, we propose to: Aim 1: Determine whether prenatal DEP exposure augments IgE production and commitment to Th2 lineage in the offspring. ",
"Aim 2: Determine whether prenatal DEP exposure is associated with altered epithelial cell differentiation in the developing lung. ",
"Aim 3: Determine whether prenatal DEP exposure is associated with increased airway hyper reactivity or airway remodeling in adult mice. ",
"Aim 4: Determine a) the differential gene expression following in utero diesel exposure, and b) whether differential gene expression following prenatal diesel exposure is associated with adult asthma. [",
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"Ethereum Classic volunteer and active participant in the community, @asis_slm, did yet another great job coordinating the Chinese translation and updating the design of the Ethereum Classic Declaration of Independence of July 20th, 2016. ",
"The actual translation into Chinese was done by ETC Chinese community member and manager, @realroyzou. ",
"The revision of this version was done by @drawpie who is an active ETC community member based in Taiwan.",
"\n\nBelow please find the pdf file:\n\n\n\nThe Ethereum Classic Declaration of Independence in Chinese: http://etherplan.com/ETC-The-Ethereum-Classic-Declaration-of-Independence-cn.pdf\n\nThank you so much, @asis_slm, @realroyzou and @drawpie for your great work and inspiration!",
"\n\nCode Is Law"
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"Marco Zanini\n\nMarco Zanini (born 1971) is an Italian fashion designer. ",
"He is most noted for his recent appointment to Schiaparelli where he has been charged with resurrecting one of the world's oldest fashion houses. ",
"This comes after having led the successful revival at Halston and Rochas.",
"\n\nCareer\nAfter graduating from Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti in 2005, Zanini went on to work as Lawrence Steele's first assistant.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Italian fashion designers\nCategory:Italian businesspeople in fashion\nCategory:Italian expatriates in France\nCategory:People from Milan\nCategory:1971 births\nCategory:Living people"
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"Alexander Voeykov\n\nAlexander Fyodorovich Voeykov (Алекса′ндр Фё′дорович Вое′йков, September 10 (August 30, o.s) 1779, Moscow, Russian Empire - July 28 (16) 1839, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian poet, translator, literary historian and journalist, best known for his satirical poems of 1814-1820.",
"\n\nBiography\nAlexander Voeykov was born in Moscow to a nobleman and studied at the Moscow University's boarding school for nobility where his name later has been engraved onto the golden plaque of the best students in the history of the school. ",
"In 1796 he joined the Russian army and served in cavalry guards.",
"\n\nAfter retirement in 1801 he returned to Moscow and made his house a literary center, home to the circle known as Friendly Literature Society which had among its members Vasily Zhukovsky, brothers Andrey and Alexander Turgenev, Aleksey Merzlyakov, brothers Andrey and Mikhail Kaisarov, Semyon Rodzyanko. ",
"Voeykov's political views were radical for his times: he was denouncing 'tyranny', criticized Zhukovsky's neutrality in political issues and was the proponent of the 'social poetry'. ",
"Two of his best known early works were satires, \"To Speransky: On Real Welfare\" and \"To My Starosta\", published in 1806 and 1807 respectively. ",
"In 1909 his translations of Voltaire's The Age of Louis XIV and The Age of Louis XV were published.",
"\n\nIn 1812-1813, Voeykov served in the Russian army. ",
"He became an active member of the literary circle which formed around Andrey Kaisarov's printing office at the Mikhail Kutuzov's headquarters. ",
"Inspired by Russian victory over Napoleon, he published several patriotic verses in 1813. ",
"In 1814, Voeykov married Alexandra Andreyevna Protasova, a niece of Zhukovsky who served as a prototype for his famous Svetlana ballad's heroine. ",
"The satirical pamphlet The Asylum (Дом сумесшедших, 1814), ridiculing prominent authors and politicians, gave him notoriety; it was first published only in 1857, almost twenty years after its author's death.",
"\n\nIn 1815, Voeykov moved with his family to Dorpat to become the professor of Russian language at this city's University. ",
"In the years to follow he drifted towards the Karamzin circle and took part in the Arzamas Society. ",
"In 1817 his translation of Virgil's Georgics was published. ",
"The same year Voeykov and Alexander Turgenev published the first in the series of Selected Works from Russian Literature which was re-issued in 1822-1824.",
"\n\nAfter quitting the Dorpat University, Voeykov in 1820 moved to Saint Petersburg to become an inspector in an artillery college. ",
"The same year he was elected the Member of the Russian Academy of Science and started a journalistic career. ",
"In 1820, recommended by Zhukovsky, he became a co-publisher of Syn Otechestva magazine but a raw with Nikolay Gretsch put an end to this. ",
"In 1822-1828 he edited Russky Invalid newspaper, then in 1827-1830, Slavyanin manazine, maintaining strong professional links with Alexander Pushkin, Kondraty Ryleyev, Anton Delvig and Pyotr Vyazemsky, among others. ",
"Still, Voeykov was not a popular figure: his satires were harsh, some colleagues considered him to be mercantile and quarrelsome.",
"\n\nIn 1828, Voeykov's wife died. ",
"He lost the support of many promonent people and in his later years experienced serious financial troubles. ",
"He was making attempts to compile and publish his works but never succeeded. ",
"Alexander Voeykov died in 1839 in Saint Petersburg.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1779 births\nCategory:1839 deaths\nCategory:Imperial Russian poets\nCategory:Russian male poets\nCategory:Members of the Russian Academy\nCategory:Writers from Moscow\nCategory:Imperial Russian translators\nCategory:Imperial Russian journalists\nCategory:Russian male journalists\nCategory:Imperial Russian male writers\nCategory:Imperial Russian historians\nCategory:Russian educators\nCategory:Russian publishers (people)\nCategory:Magazine editors"
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"\nLightnion: Tor in the Browser - lbeziaud\nhttps://github.com/spring-epfl/lightnion\n======\niamnotacrook\nSo all the speed, black listing and endless unsolvable captchas of Tor but\nwith none of that annoying anonymity!",
"\n\n~~~\nagumonkey\ntor speed is an improvement, it impedes on social network addiction :p\n\n------\nkodablah\nAppears to be a public TCP-to-websocket proxy to a Tor client w/ a JS wrapper.",
"\nI assume the host could be an onion service address which does have value, but\nyou're still going through a proxy.",
"\n\nAt that point, you might as well have your own web server side connect to Tor\nand do what you want, it's not hard w/ libs out there. ",
"Otherwise, if I see\nthis on your site, I just might start using your proxy as my new tor2web, heh\n(not that there is real value over just my own Tor client running locally).",
"\n\n~~~\nplcp\nIt's a lightweight Tor client written in Javascript than runs in the end-user\nbrowser. ",
"The websocket-to-TCP (dumb) proxy acts in some ways as a Guard node\nfrom the live network (it's not about running a Tor client on a remote proxy).",
"\nHopefully, a pluggable transport will be implemented at some point and Guard\nnodes will be able to directly accept incoming connections, without proxy.",
"\n\nNote that it's not a replacement for the Tor browser: it is not build for the\nsame usages. ",
"A good example is people implementing privacy-oriented tools with\nstrong cryptography in Javascript to drives adoption. ",
"The goal is to improve\nthe privacy of such partially honest services by bringing anonymity into the\npicture, with a better compromise than a _\" trust us to not log\"_ policy.",
"\n\nYou can even fantom models where a commercial service provider focused on\nprivacy push its users to use the Tor Browser while shipping a Tor client by\ndefault to its user that didn't bothered installing one. ",
"Because at the end,\nit will be easier to keep your promises about not doing logs if you\nintentionally forced all of your users through the Tor network.",
"\n\n------\nplcp\nFound an associated paper here:\n[https://madweb.work/papers/paper10.pdf](https://madweb.work/papers/paper10.pdf)\n\n------\nzaarn\nCould be useful for people in controlled software environments, though it\nwould require new, special types of bridges...\n\n------\naakilfernandes\nMy understanding of Tor is that proxy keys are shared in a gossip network, and\nthat without access to that gossip network you're vulnerable to being sybil\nattacked. ",
"How does Lightnion solve this? ",
"Or am I misunderstanding Tor?",
"\n\n~~~\nplcp\nThere's a consensus made on the global state of the Tor network made between\nseveral well-known parties: just as a regular Tor client, Lighnion downloads\nthe consensus document, parses it, validates its signatures and perform a path\nselection algorithm on it. ",
"It's several megabytes to downloaded by the\nJavascript client (itself being few kilobytes) and is currently a limitation\nof the protocol.",
"\n\nIf the \"walking onions\" proposal gets maintstream (i.e. private retrieval of a\nconsensus subset), we can hope for improvements (see\n[https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/proposals/300...](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/proposals/300-walking-\nonions.txt)).",
"\n\n------\njohndough\nNice, this could be another way to solve the problem of hosting an anonymous\nwebsite without forcing the user to install a new browser. ",
"Only needs someone\nto host a proxy website.",
"\n\n"
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"ON MARCH 30, 2006, at 11.58pm, 15-year-old Patrick Waring was in bed in his Perth home when the door to his room was pushed open. ",
"He might have been expecting it to be his parents - but they were 400 kilometres away on holiday. ",
"Assuming it to be his older brother, Michael, Patrick looked up to find instead several plain-clothes policemen standing in the doorway.",
"\n\nOrdered from bed, Patrick was advised that he was being arrested for the rape of a teenage girl that had occurred earlier that day. ",
"Though he denied ever having met the girl, Patrick, accompanied by Michael, was taken to a nearby police station. ",
"Frantic calls were made to the boys' parents, who immediately started driving back to Perth.",
"\n\nBy the time they arrived at the station, it was all over. ",
"Patrick had been charged with rape and remanded, with a bail hearing set for the following Monday.",
"\n\n''We were disappointed that Patrick wasn't able to be released to us over the weekend,'' father Terry Waring says in Every Family's Nightmare. ''[",
"But] we felt that it was just a process and that we would be able to get him back on the Monday.''"
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"\nBoeing's safety vs. cost-control culture may be what sent out fatal aircraft - pseudolus\nhttps://www.cbc.ca/news/business/boeing-fifth-estate-costs-safety-1.5426571\n======\naqsalose\nThis sounds damning:\n\n>At the climax of the hearing, however, he had trouble explaining what was\ndone about an internal FAA study showing that there would be over 15 crashes\nof 737 Max aircraft with 2,920 likely fatalities if the MCAS system was not\nfixed. ",
"That study was completed over three months before the Ethiopian\nairliner crashed.",
"\n\n>In his appearances before Congress, then-Boeing chief executive Dennis\nMuilenburg couldn't explain other internal documents that showed the company\nwas aware long before either crash of the flaws in the MCAS system that lead\nto the tragedies.",
"\n\n>One engineering study showed that pilots would have only four seconds to\nrecognize a problem with the flight-control system, and only 10 seconds to\nrespond to it, otherwise there would be a \"catastrophic\" crash.",
"\n\nWhere are the criminal charges, and if this is not a crime, why it is not?",
"\n\n~~~\npraptak\nBecause CEOs decide who gets campaign donations?",
"\n\n~~~\napi\nThis but also something else: Boeing and its suppliers are huge employers and\na major part of America's industrial base.",
"\n\nIt's the same rationale behind bailing out the banks and letting their bad\nbehavior slide: \"national security.\" ",
"It's believed by many that it's better to\nlet our own failures slide than to potentially lose dominance in a sector.",
"\n\n~~~\nnugget\nI understand the logic behind wanting to preserve Boeing as a company due to\nit's economic importance. ",
"But I don't understand the need to preserve any\nownership by the current stock or bond holders. ",
"When the CEO has such\nnegligent disregard for human life on an industrial scale, as may have\noccurred in this case, it seems that the stock holders at the very least\nshould be exposed to more serious losses.",
"\n\n~~~\napi\nExpertise is power. ",
"The people who own, control, and operate Boeing are...\nwell... the ones who run Boeing. ",
"It's extremely difficult to clean house at\nthe top without losing the entire structure. ",
"It's like how it's hard to fire\nthe one IT guy who knows how everything is configured.",
"\n\nLook for example at what happened to Venezuela's oil industry when the Chavez\nregime tried to eliminate its current heads and nationalize it. ",
"Oil production\ncrashed. ",
"The new people running the system didn't know how to run it, and\nthere is a substantial learning curve. ",
"This was part of what set the stage for\nVenezuela's current economic and political disaster.",
"\n\nCorruption aside (and I do think corruption is a factor) this is the most\nlikely rational explanation for this behavior.",
"\n\n------\nrectang\n> _The revelations are just the latest in a parade of evidence pointing to the\n> decade-long civil-war inside Boeing, pitting its famed \"safety culture\"\n> against financial performance of the kind that pushes the stock price higher\n> and provides big bonuses for senior executives._",
"\n\nAs far as those senior executives are concerned, said strategy was a financial\n_success_. ",
"They got their big bonuses. ",
"What happens to the company years later\ndoesn't matter.",
"\n\n~~~\nJumpCrisscross\n> _What happens to the company years later doesn 't matter_\n\nIn finance, bonuses are now subject to claw backs.",
"\n\nIs this true for Boeing?",
"\n\n~~~\nrectang\nIn Wells Fargo's case, even after clawbacks, John Stumpf and Carrie Tolstedt\nended up tens of millions of dollars ahead.",
"\n\nThe idea that clawbacks _could_ be used seems to be a justification to keep\nexecutive pay at present levels. ",
"Even though executives who destroy their\ncompanies clearly are not worth what they are being paid.",
"\n\n------\ntoss1\n>>\"McDonnell Douglas managers were more cutthroat, and it was all about the\nbottom line — cut those costs!\" ",
"she told CBC's The Fifth Estate. \"",
"They didn't\nfollow a good capitalist model. ",
"They followed greed and putting people in the\nupper echelon, putting their interest first above the workers and the product\nand just society as a whole.\"",
"\n\nThis type of financialization of a business works great -- right up to the\nmoment when it doesn't.",
"\n\nAll the numbers just keep looking better and better\n\nThen, even without disasters that kill hundreds of people, the business starts\nto become sick, and there is often no cure for it.",
"\n\nThe core product or service has been so long neglected, and the the know-how\nto continuously develop it has become so diluted, that there is nothing left\nbut the long death spiral.",
"\n\nIn this case, that death spiral may be halted by the govt due to Boeing's\nlarge defense role, but...\n\n------\npsadri\nThe idea of free market is that public companies have financial incentives to\nproduce safe products. ",
"If they produce an unsafe product, their market capital\nshould suffer. ",
"This hasn’t happened to the extent I expected with Boeing. ",
"Is\nthe market working as intended?",
"\n\n~~~\nsalawat\nOf course it hasn't happened to Boeing. ",
"There's no one else in their Civil Air\nTransport niche, and you'd be a fool to bet against a company with as much\nestablished Government business as Boeing.",
"\n\nOverconsolidation has neutered the competitive landscape for airliner design\nand manufacture.",
"\n\nThino of a Government contract as a big fat insurance policy against free\nmarket forces. ",
"Add in a multiplier for being the only shop left in the country\nin certain verticals, and you'll find Adam Smith turning over in his grave as\nthe market is paralyzed at the thought of putting down it's golden goose that\nhas taken to laying hand grenades.",
"\n\n"
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"Anonymous posting is only appropriate when you are revealing sensitive employment related information about a firm, job, etc. ",
"You may anonymously respond on topic to these threads. ",
"Unacceptable uses include: harassing another user, joking around, testing the feature, or other things that are more appropriate in the lounge.",
"\n\nI think this survey is flawed in the assumption any law student could learn all of these languages to the same level of comprehension in the same period of time. ",
"Learning spanish to a conversational level over a summer is hard, but possible. ",
"Learning japanese to even a basic level over a year would be nearly unheard of.",
"\n\nI'd say definitely Chinese, but I don't think you'll be able to reach the level of proficiency many native or nearly native Chinese speakers/law students already have in time to make an impact on your near-term hiring. ",
"Plus, I'm not sure how open China really is to non-native workers and whether you could land a job there (or in the US with the assumption that you'll conduct business in Chinese) speaking the language on a beginning level.",
"\n\nI wouldn't choose a language based on any perceived legal hiring boost, just pick one based on your interests in the culture, country or whatever -- so in this regard I think Chinese would be a good if not the easiest choice.",
"\n\nThe importance of Chinese is overrated. ",
"I say doing something unusual would actually give you a boost. ",
"Like Arabic or maybe Korean. ",
"You never know which region will become more important in 20-30 years.",
"\n\nPlus, like drdolittle said up there, there are already plenty (And I mean MORE THAN ENOUGH) of Chinese Americans or English speaking Chinese that no non-native can catch up on fluency.",
"\n\nLast edited by roranoa on Mon Dec 12, 2011 7:21 pm, edited 1 time in total.",
"\n\nif its just limited to domestic law..i think spanish or something might be more important than chinese....and arabic is not at all important for law firm work imho unless u wanna go work for the US govt\n\nFluent Spanish-speaker here... did not help with OCI. ",
"It does help if you want to do criminal defense, immigration, or family law. ",
"It is also helpful for getting PI jobs. ",
"But if you are going for big law, unless you are Hispanic, I don't think Spanish helps that much. ",
"No one cares about my flawless Castellano.",
"\n\nknowing chinese will not offer you a big boost comparable to law review membership or adding 0.2 to your GPA.I think biglaw firms have translators.",
"\n\nHowever, it guarantees that some nice firms would take a second look at your resume. ",
"a partner of a firm (where I am going to start) told me that they had thick chinese documents involving a company in China. ",
"It had never occurred to me that this firm has some sort of international practice.",
"\n\nLast edited by amyamy on Mon Dec 12, 2011 8:21 pm, edited 1 time in total.",
"\n\nTrue answer here is Japanese in terms of Biglaw employment. ",
"The big caveat here is that you need fairly high ability level. ",
"Due to a congruence of factors (lack of Japanese students/ smaller immigrant population/ Big firm presence in Japan/ etc.) ",
"truly fluent Japanese speaking T10 grads can basically find employment (and oftentimes 1L SA positions) regardless of grades.",
"\n\nOf course learning Japanese isn't that easy. ",
"Chinese is fairly useful, but the increasing focus on hiring native lawyers in China lowers the boost for that language.",
"\n\namyamy wrote:what do you plan to do when you have taken, say, Chinese 101 or elementary Chinese?are you going to put this on your resume?",
"\n\nI guess it works - for hiring partners who do not know the language.",
"\n\nRight -- which is why you have to be very careful how you represent this to employers. ",
"I know someone who had \"conversational proficiency in X language\" on their resume because they took it for a year in college. ",
"An associate tried to have a conversation with them in X language during a callback. ",
"Epic fail.",
"\n\nbut knowledge of Chinese is moderately useful for biglaw jobs, and useful for mid- or even small firms that engage in the right kind of practices. ",
"I can't think of any mid/small law firms that have japanese practices.",
"\n\nadonai wrote:According to S&C, it is French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish. ",
"I think Korean is in demand based on other articles I've seen elsewhere. ",
"Surprisingly, Chinese and Arabic aren't as much in demand. ",
"At least to this firm.",
"\n\namyamy wrote:I think knowledge of Japanese is very useful for biglaw jobs.",
"\n\nbut knowledge of Chinese is moderately useful for biglaw jobs, and useful for mid- or even small firms that engage in the right kind of practices. ",
"I can't think of any mid/small law firms that have japanese practices.",
"\n\nThere aren't very mid/ small firms in US transactional law in China right now. ",
"Basically the main deals (Capital Markets and M&A) are handled by large Biglaw firms with multiple offices worldwide. ",
"Also, increasing focus by the Chinese in selecting domestic firms to handle more routine transactions is only going to increase this concentration of work within several major firms."
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"For example, a centrifugal pump which has an output of 1300 liters/minute at a pressure of 12 bar requires, for the thermal engine in which drives this, a power of 120 continental horsepower.",
"\nThe aim of the invention is to propose a liquid pumping system which considerably reduces this power required for spraying said liquid, for example in a ratio of 8 to 10."
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"Il mercato degli smartwatch è cresciuto. ",
"Apple è ancora in testa e vuole guidare l’intero mercato degli orologi con Apple Watch. ",
"Il produttore di iPhone, negli ultimi tre mesi del 2017 (che include la stagione natalizia), ha venduto più orologi di tutta l’industria orologiera svizzera, superando marchi di vendita come Rolex, Omega o Swatch messi insieme.",
"\n\nIn soli quattro mesi, Apple ha venduto circa otto milioni di unità degli orologi intelligenti che produce.",
"\n\nSecondo i dati delle società di analisi, Apple nel 2017 avrebbe venduto circa 18 milioni di smartwatch. ",
"È stato a settembre che ha annunciato la terza generazione di Apple Watch, la Serie 3, con una batteria più potente e un modello con connessione alla rete mobile. ",
"Anche se non ben accolto dalla critica, quest’ultima versione – che costa circa 400 euro – è stata il motivo principale per “un aumento del 50% delle entrate“, ha affermato Tim Cook il 1 ° febbraio.",
"\n\nConfrontato direttamente con Rolex e Omega – i cui orologi hanno prezzi piuttosto alti – l’impresa di Apple potrebbe essere prevedibile. ",
"Tuttavia, rispetto ad altri produttori svizzeri, come Swatch (che ha un prezzo molto più elevato degli orologi), questi dati di vendita mostrano una nuova tendenza nel mercato degli indossabili.",
"\n\nApple continua ad essere l’azienda leader nel mercato degli smartwatch, con circa il 50% del mercato rispetto ai concorrenti come Samsung o Fitbit."
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"The power storage elements are configured to be connected in series or in parallel to each other by adjacent electrode terminals being connected by connection members such as busbars.",
"\nIf such a power storage module is used in a high temperature condition, the lifetime thereof may be decreased, and a power storage module in which a plurality of lithium-ion batteries or the like are connected to each other may ignite due to an increase in its temperature when being charged. ",
"Accordingly, in order to prevent such a situation, power storage modules are provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of power storage elements (see JP 2012-154901A, for example)."
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"It's too good of a game to suffer because of your inane DRM. ",
"I feel bad for the developers and all the others who worked hard on these games that will suffer because of lost sales due to draconian DRM. ",
"Starforce failed because gamers didn't want it, so will this!",
"\n\nSubject\n\nOptionalMessage\n\nLogin\n\nEmail Password Remember Me\n\nIf you don't already have a Blue's News user account, you can\nsign up here.",
"\nForgotten your password? ",
"Click here."
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"\n113 B.R. 364 (1990)\nIn re MILAN STEEL FABRICATORS, INC., ",
"Debtor.",
"\nBankruptcy No. ",
"B87-01540.",
"\nUnited States Bankruptcy Court, N.D. Ohio.",
"\nApril 30, 1990.",
"\n*365 Chris L. Hurlbut, Edward R. Brown, Arter & Hadden, Cleveland, Ohio, for debtor.",
"\nWilliam J. Kopp, Asst. ",
"U.S. Atty., ",
"Cleveland, Ohio, for I.R.S.\nMEMORANDUM OF DECISION ON DEBTOR'S OBJECTION TO AMENDED CLAIM OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE\nDAVID F. SNOW, Bankruptcy Judge.",
"\nThis memorandum considers whether the amended claim of the Internal Revenue Service (the \"IRS\") should be allowed in this chapter 11 proceeding over the Debtor's objection. ",
"The IRS originally filed a proof of claim for $3,146.26 in July 1987. ",
"Two years later it filed an amended proof of claim for $17,948.95. ",
"The Debtor filed its objection to the amended proof of claim in January, 1990. ",
"In March 1990 the IRS filed a further amendment reducing its total claim to $15,494.35.",
"\nPrior to the final hearing on this matter on April 5, 1990, the parties had concluded that the bulk of the IRS' amended claim had been provided for in Debtor's plan through the allowance of state unemployment taxes. ",
"This left in dispute only a $1,564.70 priority penalty claim, a $22.99 priority interest claim and a $36.29 general unsecured interest claim relating to the Debtor's 1986 FUTA tax, and a $175.50 priority penalty claim, a $38.80 priority interest claim and a $10.98 general unsecured interest claim relating to the Debtor's 1987 highway use tax. ",
"Debtor objects generally that the amended claims are untimely since they were filed some 22 months after the bar date. ",
"Its specific objection to the FUTA penalty is that it exceeds the $60 penalty asserted in the original claim by 2600 percent. ",
"It also objects to the highway use taxes because no highway use tax claims were asserted in the original proof of claim. ",
"It articulated no objection other than tardiness to the 1986 FUTA interest claims. ",
"For the reasons noted below, I have allowed the amended interest claims in respect of the *366 FUTA tax and have sustained the Debtor's objections to the 1986 highway use tax claims as well as to the amended penalty claim in respect of the 1986 FUTA tax.",
"\nThe parties filed several briefs in support of their positions. ",
"The IRS supplemental brief filed March 21, 1990 included the affidavit of Rosemary Selepena, a bankruptcy specialist with the IRS in the Cleveland District who was responsible for the IRS claims against the Debtor (the \"Selepena Affidavit\"). ",
"There appears to be no dispute under applicable tax law as to the validity of the taxes, penalties or interest reflected in the IRS amended proof of claim. ",
"The parties were content to submit the matter on the basis of their briefs, including the Selepena Affidavit. ",
"The facts found in this memorandum are based upon the Selepena Affidavit, the record in the case, the hearings before the Court and the pleadings and briefs submitted by the parties.",
"\nThis is a core proceeding under 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(B). ",
"This Court has jurisdiction in this matter under 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) and General Order No. ",
"84 entered in this District on July 16, 1984. ",
"This memorandum sets forth the findings of fact and conclusions of law required by Bankruptcy Rule 7052.",
"\n\nBackground\nDebtor filed its chapter 11 petition on May 4, 1987. ",
"The Court set September 14, 1987 as the bar date for asserting claims against the Debtor in the notice of the 341 creditors' meeting sent to all creditors including the IRS. ",
"The IRS filed its original proof of claim on July 14, 1987, some two months before the bar date. ",
"That proof asserted priority tax claims in the aggregate amount of $3,146.26, all but $16.68 of which related to Debtor's 1986 FUTA taxes. ",
"The claim for 1986 FUTA taxes and interest was prefaced by the words \"Estimated Amount\" under the heading \"Date Tax Assessed\". ",
"The $60 penalty shown in that proof of claim was set forth on a separate line without this preface.",
"\nAccording to the Selepena Affidavit the claim for 1986 FUTA taxes was estimated because the Debtor was tardy in filing its 1986 FUTA tax return. ",
"Apparently that return was due January 31, 1987 but was in fact filed on July 6, 1987, three days before the IRS original proof of claim was prepared but more than two months before the bar date. ",
"According to Ms. Selepena that return \"was posted into the system on October 5, 1987, which was after the claims bar date\" and \"[p]enalties were subsequently claimed on the amended proofs of claim for failure to file in the amount of $1,020.45; failure to deposit in the amount of $453.54; and failure to pay up to the petition date in the amount of $90.71.\"",
"\nThe IRS' amended proof of claim asserting these penalties was filed on July 24, 1989. ",
"That amendment for the first time asserted claims in respect of highway use taxes. ",
"The Debtor's 1986 highway use tax return, although due August 31, 1986, was in fact not filed until May 28, 1987 or about six weeks prior to the time the IRS filed its original proof of claim and about three and a half months before the bar date. ",
"According to Ms. Selepena the original proof of claim was prepared July 9, 1987, and at that point \"[t]he claim for Highway Use tax was not included on the original Proof of Claim because it had not yet been posted into the system.\" ",
"She explains that \"[n]ormally it takes up to four months from the time that a tax return is filed before it is posted into the computer system by the IRS Service Center.\" ",
"According to Ms. Selepena \"[i]n this case, the liability was posted into the system on July 20, 1987, six days after the filing of the original Proof of Claim . . .\" ",
"but about two months before the bar date.",
"\nDebtor filed a proposed plan of reorganization and disclosure statement on September 12, 1989 and an amended disclosure statement on September 25, 1989. ",
"The disclosure statement was approved at a hearing held November 22, 1989 and was set for confirmation on January 25, 1990 pursuant to the Court's order entered December 13, 1989. ",
"Although the IRS initially objected to confirmation, its objection was withdrawn pursuant to the order of confirmation which reserved the parties' dispute *367 as to the FUTA penalty and the other open items for future disposition. ",
"Debtor's plan was confirmed at the hearing held on January 25, 1990.",
"\n\nAnalysis\nThe IRS has been a party to numerous cases in which its right to amend a proof of claim after the bar date has been challenged. ",
"The common theme of these cases, as of cases involving other creditors, has been an attempt to reconcile the constraint of bar dates imposed under the Bankruptcy Code and Bankruptcy Rules against a reluctance to disallow otherwise valid claims.",
"\nThe threshold inquiry for most courts has been whether the amended proof states a brand new claim, in which case it is not allowable as an amendment, or whether the amended claim bears some relationship to the original claim sufficient to escape this disqualification. ",
"See United States v. International Horizons, Inc. (In re International Horizons, Inc.), 751 F.2d 1213 (11th Cir.1985); Norris Grain Company v. United States (In re Norris Grain Company), 81 B.R. 103 (Bankr.",
"M.D.Fl.1987). ",
"But the cases are in apparent conflict as to what relationships qualify. ",
"In In re Midwest Teleproductions Co., Inc., 69 B.R. 675 (Bankr.",
"N.D.Ohio 1987), the case on which the IRS places its primary reliance, the court held the FUTA taxes claimed for the first time in the amendment were of the \"same specific genre\" as the FICA taxes asserted in the original claim since both were payroll taxes. ",
"69 B.R. at 677. ",
"The IRS' standard proof of claim states that \"the ground of liability is taxes due under the Internal Revenue laws of the United States.\"",
"\nIn this case the amended FUTA penalty claim relates to the same 1986 tax and penalty as the penalty asserted in the original claim. ",
"Therefore it pretty clearly meets the same claim test despite its quantum leap in amount from $60 to $1,564.70. ",
"There is, on the other hand, no counterpart in the original proof to the highway use tax claims in the amended proof. ",
"The IRS has not suggested, nor do I discern, any connection, generic or otherwise, between highway use taxes and FUTA taxes other than the fact that \"the ground of liability is taxes due under the Internal Revenue Laws of the United States.\"",
"\nSeveral cases have suggested that this connection may be sufficient for any tax claimed in the amendment to escape disallowance under the new tax-same tax dichotomy, In re Emerald Green Corp., 2 BCD (CRR) 938, 9 CBC 780 (Bankr.",
"E.D.N.Y. 1976); see also Menick v. Hoffman, 205 F.2d 365 (9th Cir.1953); but most cases have declined to be so liberal. ",
"See In re International Horizons Inc., supra; In re Bondi's Valu-King, Inc., 102 B.R. 108 (Bankr. ",
"N.D.Ohio 1989); In re Norris Grain Co., supra. ",
"But the courts which appear to have embraced this attenuated standard have also involved other factors not present here. ",
"In Emerald Green, supra, the amendment was filed one day after the bar date. ",
"In Menick v. Hoffman, supra, the debtor, not the IRS, urged allowance of the amended tax claim to enhance its fresh start. ",
"In any event I am unaware of any case in this circuit which has allowed a new tax in an amended proof of claim to relate back to the original proof solely because it constituted \"taxes due under the Internal Revenue Laws of the United States.\" \"",
"Standing alone, this is certainly insufficient to permit the freewheeling, belated filing of tax claims under the guise of amendments.\" ",
"In re Midwest Teleproductions Co., Inc., supra at 677.",
"\nThe requirement that creditors file proofs of claim within a limited time in bankruptcy cases is necessary if cases are to be administered effectively. ",
"See In re Norris Grain Co., supra at 106. ",
"Therefore the bankruptcy bar date expresses a broader and more immediate administrative need and public interest than do statutes of limitation generally. ",
"This need for finality is not consistent with allowing amendments to relate back to the original claim solely on the basis of so tenuous a connection.",
"\nThe justification for relating amended claims back to the date of the original proof of claim derives its most specific support, both in language and by analogy, to Rule 15(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil *368 Procedure. ",
"That rule states that the amendment relates back if it arises out of the same \"conduct, transaction, or occurrence.\" ",
"One commentator would relate back the claim in the amendment under Rule 15(c) if the original claim should have put the adverse party on notice of the existence of the amended claim. ",
"See 6 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice & Procedure, ¶ 1472 at 513 (2d ed. ",
"1990). ",
"The record in this case suggests no such connection between the Debtor's FUTA tax and highway use tax. ",
"This is not to rule out the possibility that it might be fair and appropriate under some circumstances to relate back the claim for highway use tax to the original claim. ",
"See, e.g., In re Norris Grain Co., supra at 109 (late-filed claim for 1985 taxes was allowed because the IRS justifiably relied on the debtor's assertion that no tax would be due). ",
"But, as noted below, such circumstances do not exist in this case.",
"\nMoreover, the fact that the FUTA tax penalty asserted in the amended proof of claim arises out of the same tax and penalty asserted in the original claim does not assure its allowance. ",
"The Debtor urges disallowance on the ground that the 26-fold increase in that penalty effectively transformed the original penalty claim into a new claim that should result in its disallowance. ",
"Practically, in this case as in most, the new claim-same claim dichotomy only sets the stage for a broader equitable inquiry as to whether relation back is appropriate.",
"\nThe cases accord the bankruptcy court broad discretion to decide whether circumstances warrant allowance of a post bar date amendment, see, e.g., In re International Horizons, Inc., supra, unless in exercising that discretion the court fails to take into account the appropriate criteria. ",
"In re Miss Glamour Coat Co., Inc., 80-2 U.S. Tax Cas. (",
"CCH) ¶ 9737, 46 A.F.T.R.2d (P-H) ¶ 6083 (S.D.N.Y.1980).",
"\nThe cases, virtually without exception, endorse the propositions that the bankruptcy court as a court of equity should act to assure that \"fraud will not prevail, that substance will not give way to form, that technical considerations will not prevent substantial justice from being done,\" Pepper v. Litton, 308 U.S. 295, 305, 60 S.Ct. ",
"238, 244, 84 L.Ed. ",
"281 (1939), and that \"in a bankruptcy case, amendment to a claim is freely allowed where the purpose is to cure a defect in the claim as originally filed, to describe the claim with greater particularity or to plead a new theory of recovery on the facts set forth in the original claim.\" ",
"In re International Horizons, Inc., supra at 1216; see also Szatkowski v. Meade Tool & Die Co. (In re Meade Tool & Die Co.), 164 F.2d 228, 230 (6th Cir.1947). ",
"But these principles prescribe a point of view, not specific decisional criteria.",
"\nAlthough in In re Miss Glamour Coat, supra, the District Court did prescribe five equitable inquiries[1] which it thought would generate the right answer in that case, and most amendment cases since have repeated them, these inquiries are only somewhat less general than the statements quoted above and the cases have turned on their particular facts. ",
"This has resulted in a lack of predictability that enables the parties in this case to rely upon recent bankruptcy cases from this district to support their conflicting contentions, In re Midwest Teleproductions Co., Inc., supra, in the case of the IRS; In re Bondi's Valu-King, Inc., supra, In re Pyramid Building Co., 87 B.R. 38 (Bankr.",
"N.D.Ohio 1988), and In re The Overly-Hautz Co., 57 B.R. 932 (Bankr.",
"N.D.Ohio 1986), aff'd, 81 B.R. 434 (Bankr.",
"N.D.Ohio 1987), in the case of the Debtor.",
"\nThe IRS finds Midwest Teleproductions particularly persuasive because of the supposed similarity of its facts. ",
"However, the *369 only similarity I perceive is that the debtors in both cases were late in filing their tax returns. ",
"In Midwest Teleproductions the IRS delayed filing its amended claim for about five months after the bar date. ",
"In this case, by contrast, the amended claim was not filed until about two years after the IRS filed its original claim and about 22 months after the bar date. ",
"Although there is no one-to-one correlation between the period of the delay in filing the amendment and its allowance, the longer the delay the less likely it is that the IRS will prevail. ",
"See In re Butcher, 74 B.R. 211 (Bankr.",
"E.D.Tenn.1987) (22 months after bar date); In re Bondi's Valu-King, Inc., supra, (three years); In re Pyramid Building Co., supra (22 months after the return was filed 25 months after the bar date). ",
"Those cases allowing the amendment have usually involved shorter periods. ",
"In re Emerald Green, supra (one day); Menick v. Hoffman, supra (six months).",
"\nIn Midwest Teleproductions the court noted that the debtor had not filed a disclosure statement nor was there any indication that allowance of the amended claim would adversely affect the debtor or the reorganization. ",
"It is not clear from the record in this case when the Debtor first learned of the IRS amended proof of claim. ",
"But the IRS does not dispute Debtor's contention that Debtor's plan was structured without taking the amended claim into account. ",
"Rather, it ridicules the idea that allowing the claim will materially affect Debtor and notes that the Debtor will spend more contesting the claim than it would in paying it. ",
"But this argument surely cuts both ways. ",
"If the amount involved is too small to materially impact the Debtor or its creditors or the reorganization plan, it is also too small to materially impact the IRS. ",
"The IRS does not dispute Debtor's assertion that it did not consider these claims in structuring its plan nor that to the extent they would have any impact at all it would be adverse to the Debtor and other constituencies. ",
"Having decided to fight this case as a matter of principle, it is disingenuous for the IRS to try to bolster its case by arguing that only trivial sums are involved. ",
"The point is that this case was considerably further along in its development than Midwest Teleproductions when the amendment issue arose.",
"\nAnother important difference between this case and Midwest Teleproductions is that in Midwest Teleproductions the IRS had issued to the debtor notices of deficiency in respect of the claims later included in the amended proofs of claim. ",
"Therefore it appeared that the debtor both knew of the additional claims prior to the bar date and that the IRS would in fact assert them. ",
"The record in this case is devoid of any evidence that the IRS made any comparable effort to assert its penalty claim or that the Debtor knew, or was on notice, that the penalty claim might be increased 26-fold.",
"\nThe IRS attempts to bridge this gap by suggesting that the taxpayer should have known that the IRS claim would ultimately be restated to reflect the real facts. ",
"The IRS offers no proof for this contention beyond the argument that the Debtor knew that its filing was late, that penalties and interest would be incurred and that 1986 taxes had been asserted on an estimated basis. ",
"But whatever expectations this might have generated would have vanished in the ensuing two years before the IRS amendment was filed. ",
"Since there is nothing else in this record to suggest that the Debtor in fact knew that additional claims would be forthcoming, this contention amounts to an argument charging chapter 11 debtors generally with constructive notice of whatever the full amount of the IRS claims ultimately turn out to be. ",
"I find no support in the cases for this argument. ",
"In the amendment context most courts have required not only that the debtor know of the IRS' claims but, through unambiguous assertions by the IRS, know of its intent to assert those claims. ",
"See International Horizons, Inc., supra at 1217.",
"\nTherefore, the principal thrust of the IRS' argument and of its appeal to Midwest Teleproductions is that the Debtor is responsible for the IRS delay because the Debtor was late in filing its tax returns. ",
"On its face this is a poor excuse. ",
"Despite the Debtor's delay the IRS had all the information it needed to file accurate *370 claims at least two months before the bar date. ",
"Moreover, as the IRS should be well aware, it is predictable that the financial and business stress preceding a bankruptcy filing may disrupt or delay a debtor's normal activities, including the filing tax returns.",
"\nThe Selepena Affidavit, however, at least explains the IRS' failure to file an accurate claim within the bar date. ",
"It appears that the IRS requires about four months to translate the information in a tax return into an accurate proof of claim. ",
"Nevertheless, most courts have explicitly refused to grant the IRS any special indulgence because of such limitations. ",
"E.g., In re International Horizons Inc., supra; In re Bondi's Valu-King, supra; In re Norris Grain Co., supra. ",
"Even in Midwest Teleproductions the court required more than the Debtor's delay in filing its returns to allow the amendment. ",
"Another case from this District refused to excuse the IRS' delay even where the returns were filed after the bar date. ",
"In re Pyramid Building Co., supra.",
"\nBut assuming that I were disposed to make allowance for the delays inherent in the IRS system, I am not inclined to accept its rationale for its failure to request an extension of the bar date pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 3003(c)(3) or to file its amended claim considerably earlier than was done in this case. ",
"The IRS' sole excuse for these failures is that the \"IRS simply does not have the capability to continuously file amended returns every time that new information becomes available. ",
"The taxpayers of this county are not willing to fund such a capability nor should they be required to.\" ",
"IRS Supplemental Brief at pages 4 and 5. ",
"This Court has neither the power nor inclination to accede to this rationale for disregarding the requirements of the Bankruptcy Code and Bankruptcy Rules. ",
"In Midwest Teleproductions the court advised the IRS that the court's decision should not be construed as \"a license to sleep on its rights.\" ",
"69 B.R. at 678. ",
"In this case the IRS apparently claims a license to disregard its obligations under the bankruptcy law.",
"\nThe IRS' suggestion that the Debtor should have avoided this delay by filing a proof of claim for the IRS under Bankruptcy Rule 3004 is particularly unpersuasive. ",
"That rule permits a debtor to file a claim where the creditor fails to do so in order, where necessary, to subject the creditor's claim to the bankruptcy proceeding. ",
"See United States v. Vlavianos (In re Vlavianos), 71 B.R. 789 (Bankr.",
"W.D.Va.1986). ",
"Since in this case the IRS had filed a proof of claim, it does not appear that the Debtor would have the right to file a proof of claim. ",
"Certainly it had no obligation to do so.",
"\nFinally the fact that the predominant claim in this case is for a priority penalty needs to be mentioned. ",
"The Debtor urges subordination of the penalty claim on the authority of In re Mansfield Tire & Rubber Co., 80 B.R. 395 (Bankr.",
"N.D.Ohio 1987). ",
"Although that case involved a liquidating chapter 11 and is clearly distinguishable, the fact that a penalty is involved does not strengthen the IRS' case. ",
"It appears from the record that the penalty is not intended to reimburse the IRS for pecuniary loss but to punish the Debtor's prepetition conduct. ",
"I see no reason to disregard the bar date in order to permit the IRS to penalize the Debtor's prepetition delay when the IRS has itself been guilty of a longer delay in filing its claims. ",
"The Debtor was on the verge of bankruptcy. ",
"The IRS has no such excuse.",
"\nBy contrast, there is greater appeal in allowing the IRS claims for interest on the FUTA tax since these claims reflect an actual loss of use of taxes that should have been paid to the IRS. ",
"But more to the point, these interest claims are so small that neither party chose to consider them separately. ",
"Their addition constitutes the sort of minor adjustment to reflect clerical or similar mistakes that can be expected to be part of a final adjustment at the time of ultimate allowance.",
"\nIn summary, the rules that have evolved in the cases permitting amendments to proofs of claims to relate back to the original claim have attempted to strike an equitable balance between the administrative *371 need for finality and allowing valid claims to share in distribution where there has been substantial compliance with the applicable bar date. ",
"In this case allowing the IRS amended proof of claim, except as to interest on the FUTA tax, would only condone the IRS' intentional noncompliance with bankruptcy law and undermine the need for finality without any countervailing equitable justification.",
"\nThe Court's order in conformity with this opinion is attached.",
"\n\nJUDGMENT\nA Memorandum of Decision on Debtor's Objection to Amended Claim of the Internal Revenue Service having been rendered on April 30, 1990,\nIT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the Debtor's objection to the amended claim of the Internal Revenue Service (\"IRS\") (the \"Objection\") is sustained in part and overruled in part.",
"\n1. ",
"The Objection be, and it hereby is, sustained insofar as it relates to the IRS's amended claim as to the 1986 highway use tax and interest and penalties related thereto.",
"\n2. ",
"The Objection be, and it hereby is, sustained insofar as it relates to the IRS's amended penalty claim in respect of the 1986 FUTA tax and the IRS's claim related thereto is disallowed to the extent that it exceeds $60.00.",
"\n3. ",
"The Objection be, and it hereby is, overruled insofar as it relates to the IRS's amended claim for interest in respect of the 1986 FUTA tax and the IRS's priority claim in the amount of $92.57 and general unsecured claim in the amount of $36.29 are hereby allowed.",
"\nNOTES\n[1] The questions suggested in Miss Glamour Coat were:\n\n1. ",
"Did the debtor and creditors rely on the earlier proof of claim or have reason to know that subsequent proofs of claim would be filed?",
"\n2. ",
"Will other creditors receive a windfall if the amendment is disallowed?",
"\n3. ",
"Did the IRS intentionally or negligently delay in filing its proof of claim?",
"\n4. ",
"Was the IRS justified in failing to request an extension of the bar date?",
"\n5. ",
"Does equity require the consideration of other factors?",
"\n"
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"아테나 : 전쟁의 여신 (A-te-na : Jeon-jaeng-eui Yeo-sin)\n\n20 episode - Mon, Tue 21:55\n\"ATHENA\" (\"Athena : Goddess of War\") is a spin-off series of \"IRIS\"\nSynopsis\nA drama of the battle between good and evil over the peace of Han-ban Island. \"",
"ATHENA\" is a spin-off of \"IRIS\". ",
"Athena is the Greek goddess of war and the name of a terror organization that puts the whole world in danger in the drama.",
"\n\nChoi Si-won to star in Chinese drama2014/05/01, Source,\nSinger and actor Choi Si-won of the leading K-pop idol group Super Junior revealed on Weibo, the Chinese equivalent of Twitter, that his next project will be on the Chinese drama \"Billion Dollar Heir\". ",
"Although it was labeled as the Chinese version of the megahit Korean drama series \"The Heirs\" by some local media outlets, Choi explicitly noted that the new drama is \"not a remake of 'Heirs', but a whole new story, [for the production team] bought the copyrights from [another creator] long ago\",...More\n\nBoA releases single in Japan2014/03/05, Source,\nKorean Wave pioneer Kwon \"BoA\" released a new dance track, titled \"Shout It Out\", in Japan today. ",
"Five months after she released the ballad \"Message/Call My Name\", the 27-year-old performer has returned to her dance roots,...More\n\nATHENA (아테나 : 전쟁의 여신)\n\nSubscribe to HanCinema Pure to remove ads from the website (not for episode and movie videos) for US$2.99 per month (you can cancel anytime).",
"\nThe first step is to be a member, please click here : Sign up, then a subscribe button will show up."
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[
"In order to make sense of the protests in Taksim Square, in Istanbul, this week, and to understand those brave people who are out on the street, fighting against the police and choking on tear gas, I’d like to share a personal story. ",
"In my memoir, “Istanbul,” I wrote about how my whole family used to live in the flats that made up the Pamuk apartment block, in Nişantaşı. ",
"In front of this building stood a fifty-year-old chestnut tree, which is thankfully still there. ",
"In 1957, the municipality decided to cut the tree down in order to widen the street. ",
"The presumptuous bureaucrats and authoritarian governors ignored the neighborhood’s opposition. ",
"When the time came for the tree to be cut down, our family spent the whole day and night out on the street, taking turns guarding it. ",
"In this way, we not only protected our tree but also created a shared memory, which the whole family still looks back on with pleasure, and which binds us all together.",
"\n\nToday, Taksim Square is Istanbul’s chestnut tree. ",
"I’ve been living in Istanbul for sixty years, and I cannot imagine that there is a single inhabitant of this city who does not have at least one memory connected to Taksim Square. ",
"In the nineteen-thirties, the old artillery barracks, which the government now wants to convert into a shopping mall, contained a small football stadium that hosted official matches. ",
"The famous club Taksim Gazino, which was the center of Istanbul night life in the nineteen-forties and fifties, stood on a corner of Gezi Park. ",
"Later, buildings were demolished, trees were cut down, new trees were planted, and a row of shops and Istanbul’s most famous art gallery were set up along one side of the park. ",
"In the nineteen-sixties, I used to dream of becoming a painter and displaying my work at this gallery. ",
"In the seventies, the square was home to enthusiastic celebrations of Labor Day, led by leftist trade unions and N.G.O.s; for a time, I took part in these gatherings. (",
"In 1977, forty-two people were killed in an outburst of provoked violence and the chaos that followed.) ",
"In my youth, I watched with curiosity and pleasure as all manner of political parties—right wing and left wing, nationalists, conservatives, socialists, and social democrats—held rallies in Taksim.",
"\n\nThis year, the government banned Labor Day celebrations in the square. ",
"As for the barracks, everyone in Istanbul knew that they were going to end up as a shopping mall in the only green space left in the city center. ",
"Making such significant changes to a square and a park that cradle the memories of millions without consulting the people of Istanbul first was a grave mistake by the Erdoğan Administration. ",
"This insensitive attitude clearly reflects the government’s drift toward authoritarianism. (",
"Turkey’s human-rights record is now worse than it has been in a decade.) ",
"But it fills me with hope and confidence to see that the people of Istanbul will not relinquish their right to hold political demonstrations in Taksim Square—or relinquish their memories—without a fight.",
"\n\nOrhan Pamuk is the author of eight novels, the memoir “Istanbul,” and three works of nonfiction, and is the winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. ",
"He opened the Museum of Innocence in Istanbul last year, and published an accompanying catalogue, “The Innocence of Objects.”",
"\n\nTranslated by Ekin Oklap.",
"\n\nPhotograph by Holly Pickett/Redux."
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"Q:\n\nCounting consecutive repetitions of a specific character (e.g. ,)\n\nSay I have a file with lines like the two following:\nfoo,bar,,baz,xy\nfoo,,bar,baz,xy,,\n\nI would like to count how many times I have ,, (two consecutive commas surrounded by any other character) in each line.",
"\nMy approach so far: I thought I could first get rid of everything but any pair of consecutive commas on each line, and then replace those two commas by a single comma so that I can count them later. ",
"How can I do this?",
"\nThe answer above should be (if we substitute the double comma by a single comma throwing everything else away):\n,\n,,\n\nor simply:\n1\n2\n\nA:\n\nA Perl one-liner for the job:\nperl -nle 'print s/(^|[^,]),,([^,]|$)/$&/g' your_file\n\nOr, even shorter, with awk:\n awk -F',,' '{print NF-1}' your_file\n\nThe awk one would consider ,,,, to be two occurrences of ,,, while the perl one would not count it at all. ",
"Choose the one that suits your use case.",
"\nUpdate\nFrom your comment, it seems that your original intent was to count the number of empty fields on each line. ",
"If that's the case, this Perl one-liner should help (it assumes that there are no quoted fields containing commas):\nperl -nle 'print scalar grep {//} split/,/' your_file\n\nThe same in awk if Perl is not available:\nawk -F, 'empty=0;{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)if($i==\"\")empty++};{print empty}' your_file\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nCan we give path for raster constructor in paper.js without tag\n\nIs it possible to give an image path (url or local) for raster constructor in paper.js?",
"\n\nA:\n\nAs noted below by the original author, creating a Raster from a URL works\n\n"
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[
"This invention relates to a process for reducing the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the melt index ratio (MIR) of ethylene homopolymers, interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene homopolymers and interpolymers. ",
"The process includes subjecting a polymer, in molten form, to specified conditions of temperature, stirring and residence time in multiple reaction zones such that the resultant polymeric product is characterized by having reduced weight average molecular weight (Mw) and reduced melt index ratio (MIR) values, as compared to the starting polymer. ",
"The invention also relates to novel ethylene homopolymers, interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene polymers and interpolymers, that are useful in many applications, such as, for example, in blown film, cast film, extrusion coating, injection molding, adhesive and sealant raw materials, and the like.",
"\nU.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"5,631,346 describes a process for degrading polyolefins in a twin-screw extruder operated a pressure of 1-100 bar, wherein the pressure is changed with a range of variation of 0.5-30 bar.",
"\nBritish Patent No. ",
"1,042,178 describes narrowing the molecular weight distribution of polyolefins by degradation using high shear gradients at temperatures between the melting point and the temperature at which purely thermal degradation of the polyolefin occurs.",
"\nU.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,087,922 describes a process for the pyrolysis of a high molecular weight polyolefin to produce a lower molecular weight polymer by passing the polymer through a pyrolysis zone in the form of a fluid stream having annular cross section, and transferring heat of pyrolysis to the polymer through both exterior and interior boundaries of the annular stream. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,248,469 describes a method of visbreaking a polymer of an olefin by feeding the polymer to a shearing zone at a controlled rate, passing sheared polymer through an extrusion zone, and maintaining a positive back pressure on the polymer. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"5,292,862 describes a continuous process for the production of low molecular weight polyolefin by feeding the polymer to an extruder for melting, metering the molten polymer at a constant rate to a tubular degradation reactor, and thermally degrading the polymer in the reactor in the presence of a higher fatty acid, a hydrochloric acid acceptor or a mixture thereof.",
"\nThe following patents describe polyolefin degradation processes that utilize a catalyst. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,332,926 describes a process for degrading polyolefins by mixing a crystalline polyolefin with a metal salt of a carboxylic acid and heating the resultant mixture in an atmosphere substantially free of oxygen to a temperature of 275-450xc2x0 C. U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,345,352 describes a process for degrading polyolefins by heating the polymer to a temperature of 275-450xc2x0 C. in the presence of an oxide or carbonate catalyst and in the absence of oxygen for at least five minutes. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,519,609 describes a process for degrading polyolefins at temperatures of 200-400xc2x0 C. in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of an organic anhydride catalyst. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,562,788 describes a process for degrading polyolefins in the presence of metal coordination polymerization catalyst residue. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"Nos. ",
"3,723,402 and 3,842,153 describe processes for degrading isotactic polypropylene in the presence of an organosilicon compound.",
"\nThe following patents describe processes for degrading polyolefins wherein an oxygen-containing gas is utilized. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"Nos. ",
"3,551,943; 3,563,972; and 3,608,001 describe degradation processes utilizing an extruder-reactor to heat mixtures of polypropylene with an oxygencontaining gas, wherein feedback means are provided to change the temperature in the extruder thereby controlling the molecular weight of the exiting polymer. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,898,209 describes a process for controlled scission of polypropylene by injection, under pressure, controlled amounts of oxygen into the melt-phase of the polypropylene at specified temperatures. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,940,379 describes a process for controlled oxidative degradation of propylene polymers by injecting oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas and an organic or inorganic peroxide, melting and working the resulting mixture in a high shear zone, and recovering an essentially odor-free propylene polymer having a melt flow rate higher than that of the feed polymer.",
"\nThe following patents describe processes for degrading polyolefins by mixing another polymer therewith. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,121,070 describes the degradation of polypropylene at temperatures of 275-450xc2x0 C. in the presence of a modifying polymer. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,598,885 describes a process for preparing low molecular weight polymers by mixing relatively thermally stable polyolefins with relatively-thermally unstable polymers and thermally cracking the mixture.",
"\nThe following patents describe processes for degrading polyolefins wherein a free-radical initiator is utilized. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"4,707,524 describes the degradation of polypropylene by mixing a peroxide therewith and melting the resulting mixture under thermal mechanical action. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"4,749,505 describes a process for degrading polyolefins in the presence of a free-radical initiator, under an inert blanket of nitrogen. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"5,594,074 describes a process wherein unreacted free-radical generators are used to produce polymer pellets that are degraded by thermal treatment. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"Nos. ",
"3,862,265 and 4,001,172 describe processes for degrading polyolefins in extruders wherein free-radical initiators are injected into the reaction zone. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"5,530,073 describes a process for the controlled degradation of polypropylene having increased peroxide efficiency. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"5,587,434 describes a process for degrading polypropylene wherein polypropylene is mixed with a free-radical generator in increments, in an extruder. ",
"This is also described in U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,144,436.",
"\nThe novel products of the present invention include ethylene interpolymers and functionalized ethylene interpolymers, having a melt index ratio (MIR) of less than 26, a molecular weight distribution (MWD) of greater than 2.4 and a density of less than 0.95 g/cc. ",
"Also included as novel products of the present invention are ethylene homopolymers, interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene homopolymers and interpolymers, having a melt index ratio (MIR) of less than 22 and a molecular weight distribution value of greater than 2.4.",
"\nThe novel process of the present invention for the production of ethylene homopolymers, interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene homopolymers and interpolymers, having reduced weight average molecular weigth (Mw) and reduced melt index ratio (MIR), including the novel ethylene homopolymers, interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene homopolymers and interpolymers, of the present invention, is comprised as follows. ",
"An ethylene homopolymer and/or interpolymer is introduced into an apparatus in the form of a solid particulate, for example, pellets or powder, and then melted, preferably at a temperature of at least 175xc2x0 C.; the molten polymer is then introduced into at least two, or more, reaction zone(s)-that are sequentially located and heated to a temperature of at least 220xc2x0 C., more preferably from at least 280xc2x0 C. to about 600xc2x0 C.; when utilized, a functionalizing agent may be introduced into the melting zone or at least one, or more of the reaction zones, or any combinations thereof; subjecting the molten polymer, in the heated zones, to sufficient stirring and residence time such that the molecular weight (Mw) and the melt index ratio (MIR) of the polymer are reduced; and recovering the resultant polymeric product having the reduced molecular weight (Mw) and reduced melt index ratio (MIR). ",
"The conditions in each of the reaction zones, into which molten polymer is introduced, may be the same or different. ",
"In a preferred embodiment of the process, the apparatus is vented, preferably by means of vacuum venting, subsequent to formation of the desired polymeric product and prior to recovering the polymeric product.",
"\nThe applicant has unexpectedly discovered a novel process for producing ethylene homopolymers, interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene homopolymers and interpolymers, having reduced weight average molecular weight (Mw) and reduced melt index ratio (MIR), as compared to the starting polymeric material. ",
"The process may be used to prepare a wide variety of ethylene homopolymers and/or interpolymers and/or functionalized ethylene homopolymers and interpolymers, having reduced weight average molecular weight (Mw) and melt index ratio (MIR) values, including the novel ethylene homopolymers, interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene homopolymers and interpolymers of the present invention.",
"\nThe novel ethylene homopolymers, interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene homopolymers and interpolymers, of the present invention include the following products.",
"\nA first type of novel product includes ethylene interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene interpolymers, characterized by having a melt index ratio (MIR) value of less than 26, a molecular weight distribution value (Mw/Mn) of greater than 2.4 and a density of less than 0.95 g/cc. ",
"The novel ethylene interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene interpolymers, of the present invention are preferably characterized by having a melt index ratio of from 1 to less than 26, a molecular weight distribution of from greater than 2.4 to about 30, and a density of from greater than 0.87 to less than 0.95 g/cc.",
"\nAnother type of novel product includes ethylene homopolymers, interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene homopolymers and interpolymers, characterized by having a melt index ratio value of less than 22 and a molecular weight distribution value of greater than 2.4. ",
"The novel ethylene homopolymers, interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene homopolymers and interpolymers, are preferably characterized by having a melt index ratio value of from 1 to less than 22 and a molecular weight distribution value of from greater than 2.4 to about 30.",
"\nFurthermore, with respect to the above described types of novel polymers, the ethylene interpolymers and functionalized ethylene interpolymers are characterized as interpolymers of ethylene with at least one or more other olefin monomer having from 3 to 16 carbon atoms, containing at least 50% by weight of ethylene.",
"\nThe novel polymeric products are useful in many applications including, for example, blown film, cast film, extrusion coating, injection molding, and the like.",
"\nThe novel process of the present invention for producing ethylene homopolymers, interpolymers, and functionalized ethylene homopolymers and interpolymers, having reduced melt index ratio and reduced weight average molecular weight (Mw) values comprises:\na. introducing ethylene homopolymer and/or interpolymer in solid particulate form (for example, powder or pellets). ",
"into an apparatus and melting the ethylene homopolymer and/or interpolymer at a temperature above the melting point of the polymer, preferably at a temperature of at least 175xc2x0 C.\nb. introducing the molten polymeric product into at least two, or more, reaction zones that are sequentially located and are each maintained at a temperature of at least 220xc2x0 C., preferably at a temperature of from about 280xc2x0 C. to about 600xc2x0 C.,\nc. when utilized, a functionalizing agent may be introduced into the melting zone or at least one, or more, of the reaction zones, or any combination thereof;\nd. subjecting the molten polymeric product, in each of the heated zones, to sufficient stirring and residence time such that the weight average molecular weight.(Mw) and the melt index ratio (MIR) values of the polymeric product are reduced, and\ne. recovering the resultant ethylene homopolymer or interpolymer having reduced weight average molecular weight (Mw) and reduced melt index ratio (MIR).",
"\nWhere it is desired to produce a functionalized ethylene homopolymer and/or interpolymer, a functionalizing agent is introduced into the melting zone or any of the reaction zones, or any combination of melting zone and reaction zones.",
"\nIn the process of the present invention, the molten polymeric product, in each of the heated zones, is stirred preferably at a rate of from at least about 100 revolutions per minute (rpm), preferably from about 100 to about 1500 rpm, and more preferably at a rate of from about 300 to about 500 revolutions per minute (rpm), for a period of time of at least about 5 seconds, preferably for at least about 5 to 300 seconds, and, more preferably, for a period of time of at least from about 30 to about 120 seconds.",
"\nFurthermore, the interpolymers of ethylene that are suitable for use in the process of the present invention are interpolymers of ethylene with at least one other monomer that is interpolymerizable with the ethylene, wherein the ethylene is present in an amount of at least about 50 weight percent. ",
"Mixtures of interpolymers of ethylene can be utilized herein. ",
"The at least one other monomer may be an olefin having from 3 to 16 carbon atoms. ",
"Exemplary olefins that may be utilized herein are propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 4-methylpent-1-end, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-hexadecene and the like. ",
"Also utilizable herein are polyenes such as 1,3-hexadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, 4-vinylcyclohex-1-ene, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, 5-vinyldene-2-norbornene, 5-vinyl-2-norbornene, 1,7 octadiene.",
"\nExemplary of other monomers that are interpolymerizable with ethylene and are suitable for use herein, include alkyl acrylates, where the alkyl group has from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, such as methyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and the like; alkyl methacrylates wherein the alkyl group has from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, such as methyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-pehtyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and the like; ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, crotonic acid, methacrylic acid, and the like; ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, such as itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, maleic anhydride, and the like; vinyl carboxylates where the carboxylates have from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and the like; mixtures of monomers interpolymerizable with ethylene may also be utilized to provide ethylene interpolymers suitable for use herein.",
"\nThe functionalizing agent utilized in the present invention may be any unsaturated monomer containing one or more carboxylic acid or acid anhydride groups. ",
"Examples of suitable functionalizing agents herein are carboxylic acids such as acrylic and methacrylic acid, and acid anhydrides such as maleic anhydride. ",
"Further exemplary functionalizing agents suitable for use herein are unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids and cyclic acid anhydrides. ",
"Specifically included herein are acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, himic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, and acid anhydrides such as maleic anhydride and himic anhydride. ",
"Preferred for use herein as the functionalizing agent is maleic anhydride. ",
"Mixtures of functionalizing agents may be utilized in the present invention. ",
"The functionalizing agent is utilized in any amount that will functionalize the ethylene homopolymer and/or interpolymer. ",
"Preferably, the functionalizing agent will be utilized in an amount of from about 0.20 to about 10 weight percent, based on the weight of the ethylene component; more preferably in an amount of about 0.50 to about 8 weight percent, and still more preferably in an amount of about 0.50 to about 4 weight percent.",
"\nIn a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention, venting of the process is carried out after the desired polymeric product having the reduced molecular weight and reduced melt index ratio has been produced, and prior to recovering the desired polymeric product. ",
"It is preferred that the venting be vacuum venting at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure. ",
"Venting is performed for the discharge of volatile materials.",
"\nThe process according to the present invention is conducted in a continuous or batch process. ",
"Any continuous process can be used in the practice of the present invention. ",
"However, multi-screw extruders are generally more preferred, with a twin-screw extruder being most preferred. ",
"In general, the twin-screw extruder has two shafts that are preferably intermeshing, and that may be either co-rotating or counter-rotating. ",
"As used herein, the term, intermeshing, describes shafts that fit together such that the shafts rotate in coordination with each other in close proximity without mechanical interference. ",
"Further, as used herein, the term, corotating, describes shafts rotating in the same direction; the term, counterrotating, describes shafts rotating in opposite directions."
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[
"In this March 23, 2018, photo, President Donald Trump walks into the Diplomatic Room of the White House in Washington, to speak about the $1.3 trillion spending bill. ",
"Days of conflicting and misleading statements from Trump and his top aides have fueled new questions about the White House’s credibility. ",
"That’s sowing mistrust and instability within the West Wing and leaving some congressional Republicans wondering if they have a good faith negotiating partner in the president. (",
"AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)\n\nIn this March 23, 2018, photo, President Donald Trump walks into the Diplomatic Room of the White House in Washington, to speak about the $1.3 trillion spending bill. ",
"Days of conflicting and misleading statements from Trump and his top aides have fueled new questions about the White House’s credibility. ",
"That’s sowing mistrust and instability within the West Wing and leaving some congressional Republicans wondering if they have a good faith negotiating partner in the president. (",
"AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)\n\nWASHINGTON (AP) — What’s the White House’s word worth?",
"\n\nDays of conflicting and misleading statements from President Donald Trump and his top aides have fueled new questions about the White House’s credibility, sowing mistrust and instability within the West Wing and leaving some congressional Republicans wondering if they have a good faith negotiating partner in the president.",
"\n\nOne former congressional GOP leadership aide said it was becoming impossible for Republicans to negotiate anything with White House officials, given the president’s willingness to undermine his own team’s public and private assurances. ",
"In turn, White House officials have found themselves in the bizarre position of urging lawmakers to ignore some of the president’s own statements.",
"\n\nADVERTISEMENT\n\nThat was the case on Friday, when Trump blasted out a morning tweet threatening to veto a massive government spending bill that the White House had guaranteed lawmakers and the public that he would sign. ",
"White House officials privately insisted the president was simply venting after watching news coverage that cast the deal as a defeat for several of his priorities. ",
"After hours of uncertainty, Trump’s veto threat crumbled, and he ultimately signed the legislation.",
"\n\nStill, it left some Republicans rattled.",
"\n\n“The spontaneity and lack of impulse control are areas of concern for lots of members on both sides of the aisle,” said Rep. Charlie Dent, a Pennsylvania Republican who has been critical of the president. “",
"Disorder, chaos, instability, uncertainty, intemperate statements are not conservative virtues in my opinion.”",
"\n\nTrent Lott, the former Republican Senate majority leader from Mississippi, said GOP lawmakers “feel a good deal of consternation” about the White House-induced whiplash. ",
"But he added: “I assume there was method in what the president did.”",
"\n\nMembers of both parties said they were troubled that Trump seems oblivious to how he has undermined his own clout and agenda by staking out positions and then brazenly abandoning them. ",
"Where legislators once might have attributed such missteps to the president’s newness to Washington and its ways, not anymore.",
"\n\nADVERTISEMENT\n\nTrump’s vacillating on the spending bill was just one in a series of recent instances that put the credibility of the White House’s words under a microscope. ",
"Earlier this month, Trump bragged at a private fundraiser about having made up facts on trade during a conversation with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. ",
"And in recent days, he and his staff have issued stern denials about the prospects of national security adviser H.R. McMaster departing the White House and a potential shake-up on the legal team that handles Trump’s role in the special counsel investigation into Russian election interference and obstruction of justice. ",
"Beyond public statements, White House chief of staff John Kelly had privately assured his staff that no shakeup was on the horizon.",
"\n\nBy week’s end, McMaster was out. ",
"And the legal team had lost one attorney and appeared to be looking for another one.",
"\n\nTrump’s trouble with the truth is hardly new. ",
"He frequently mangles the facts on everything from the size of his inauguration crowd to the scope of the tax bill he signed late last year. ",
"And as his boasting about his interaction with Trudeau underscored, the president rarely appears to be embarrassed or ashamed about repeating statements that have been proven false.",
"\n\n“There’s a fundamental difference between this White House and those of the modern era that preceded it,” said Timothy Naftali, a historian and the former director of Richard Nixon’s presidential library. “",
"It doesn’t care about its credibility outside of a narrow swath of the American people.”",
"\n\nNumerous polls show a majority of Americans don’t believe Trump is truthful, including a recent Quinnipiac survey in which 57 percent said the president was not honest. ",
"Trump’s backers sometimes point to the fact that he was elected even though polls during the campaign showed similar results.",
"\n\nTrump’s willingness to skirt the truth has frequently put his advisers in the awkward position of issuing strong statements in public that are quickly undermined by the president. ",
"Spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders repeatedly batted down reports about McMaster’s ouster in the days leading up to Trump’s announcement that he was bringing in a new national security adviser.",
"\n\nAnd on the eve of Trump’s spending bill veto threat, budget director Mick Mulvaney left no ambiguity about the president’s plans to validate the measure.",
"\n\n“Let’s cut right to the chase. ",
"Is the president going to sign the bill? ",
"Yes. ",
"Why? ",
"Because it funds his priorities,” Mulvaney said.",
"\n\nWhite House officials privately contend that they are often left in an impossible situation given Trump’s willingness to change his mind. ",
"Even if their statements are true at the time, they say, there’s no guarantee the president’s position will hold.",
"\n\nPeter Wehner, who served in the administrations of Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush, said Trump ultimately has no one to blame but himself.",
"\n\n“He doesn’t even know what his own stance is,” said Wehner, a frequent Trump critic. “",
"It just devalues his word and his threats and promises and his presidency.”",
"\n\n___\n\nFollow Julie Pace at http://twitter.com/jpaceDC and Alan Fram at http://twitter.com/asfram"
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[
"Suggested Essay Topics\n\n1. ",
"Discuss the role of sickness\nin the novel. ",
"Victor often seems to fall ill after traumatic events.",
"\nIs this a means of escape, and, if so, is it effective? ",
"Is there\nanother explanation for his recurring illness?",
"\n\n2. ",
"Do the monster’s eloquence\nand persuasiveness make it easier for the reader to sympathize with\nhim? ",
"Why do you think most film versions of the story present the\nmonster as mute or inarticulate?",
"\n\n3. ",
"Trace the similarities between\nVictor and the monster. ",
"Consider their respective relationships\nwith nature, desires for family, and any other important parallels\nyou find. ",
"Do Victor and the monster become more similar as the novel\ngoes on? ",
"How does their relationship with each other develop?",
"\n\n4. ",
"Victor attributes his tragic\nfate to his relentless search for knowledge. ",
"Do you think that this\nis the true cause of his suffering? ",
"In what ways does the novel\npresent knowledge as dangerous and destructive?",
"\n\n5. ",
"Examine the role of suspense\nand foreshadowing throughout the novel. ",
"Do you think these devices\nare effective, or does Victor’s blatant foreshadowing reveal too\nmuch? ",
"How does foreshadowing differ among the three main narrators (Walton,\nVictor, and the monster)?"
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[
"St. Louis Cardinals\n\nMagneurisSierra\n\nPos:\n\nOF\n\nB/T:\n\nL/L\n\nHt/Wt:\n\n5'11/160\n\nDL:\n\nDOB:\n\n04 07 96\n\nHome Town:\n\nSan Cristobol\n\nCollege:\n\nCountry:\n\nDR\n\nPlayer Bio\n\nBecame a Cardinal:\nFree agent signing disclosed on July 23, 2012. ",
"Signing bonus of $105,000.",
"\n\nAwards:\nThe Cardinal Nation top prospect: 2017 #10, 2016 #10, 2015 #16\nMidwest League mid-season and post-season All-Star: 2016\nMiLB Organization All-Star: 2016\nAppalachian League All-Star: 2015\nSystem-wide Player of the Year, Cardinals organization and The Cardinal Nation: 2014\nThe Cardinal Nation Gulf Coast League Cardinals Player of the Year: 2014\nGulf Coast League Most Valuable Player: 2014\nGulf Coast League All-Star: 2014\nGulf Coast League Player of the Month: July 2014\nCardinals organization and The Cardinal Nation Player of the Month: July 2014\n\nPronunciation: Mahg-NEAR-ee\n\nFirst-hand news and commentary on the St. Louis Cardinals™ and their minor league system for 20 years"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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[
"Mussel-inspired bolaamphiphile sticky self-assemblies for the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles.",
"\nAdopting the strong metal binding moiety of a mussel protein, a novel bolaamphiphile molecule was prepared and applied to the fabrication of magnetic core-shell nanoparticles. ",
"The novel bolaamphiphile molecule with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) end groups was synthesized and its self-assembly was used as a template to adsorb metal ions and subsequently to produce magnetic nanoparticles. ",
"The DOPA bolaamphiphile molecule self-assembled in aqueous solution to produce nanospherical structures that exposed the catechol moiety of DOPA to the outer surface. ",
"The catechol groups adsorbed cobalt and iron ions to create magnetic metal oxide clusters on the self-assembly. ",
"Spectroscopic analysis showed that the cobalt and iron ions were coordinated with quinone, an oxidized form of the catechol. ",
"Exploiting the strong metal-adsorbing and binding properties of DOPA, dense cobalt oxide and iron oxide shell layers were created on the nanospherical self-assembly to produce magnetic core-shell nanoparticles. ",
"This study demonstrated a simple method for creating magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles that exploits the molecular binding forces and self-assembly property of DOPA."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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[
"Q:\n\nCan I force a rails session to reload from a string?",
"\n\nI have a third-party app (an upload progress bar - swfupload) that I'm using with rails 2.3.3 that cannot pass along session information or cookies. ",
" I can, however, pack the session data from my app into the URI it will use to upload a file and retrieve that when I get the file.",
"\nThe trouble is, none of the magic hacks I see floating around the net work with 2.3.3. ",
" I don't know the specific details of why, but I've even tried the minimal RESTful demo application that uses swfupload and it pukes the same way mine does.",
"\nAll I need is a way to force a reload of the session from a string, known to contain session data. ",
" Something along the lines of:\nif session[:user_id]\n do stuff\nelse\n session.reload(session_string_from_uri)\nend\n\nYou get the idea.",
"\nNo, I'm not interested in trying yet another uploader solution for Rails. ",
" I've had enough of them fail that I'm going to stick with this solution because a simple answer to my current question will solve my problem.",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou need to use a rack middleware to restore the session from data posted along with the Flash request. ",
"Here is a very good article explaining this: http://jetpackweb.com/blog/2009/10/21/rails-2-3-4-and-swfupload-rack-middleware-for-flash-uploads-that-degrade-gracefully/comment-page-1/\n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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[
"A glimpse into the future: a survey of the expectations and ambitions of Australian health information management students.",
"\nThe future of the health information management profession is largely dependent on the ability of educational programs to attract high-caliber students who have a clear understanding of their future career when entering their course and who aspire to become active members of the profession after graduation. ",
"A sample of Australian health information management students was surveyed to obtain information about satisfaction with their career choice, employment options, and intended involvement in professional and postgraduate education activities. ",
"The survey looked for differences between the responses of students at different stages of their courses and changes in student responses over time. ",
"The majority of students believed that they had made the correct career choice. ",
"There was a general preference for nontraditional health information management employment positions on graduation and a strong commitment to professional involvement and postgraduate education. ",
"Significant differences in some questionnaire responses were found among the student groups. ",
"Students' responses to questionnaire items about their future careers were less likely to change compared with other questionnaire items. ",
"Implications of the results for the health information management profession and educational institutions are discussed."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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[
"Q:\n\nAutoHotkey: Regex match Window title with dozens of variations\n\nBelow is a shortened version of a script I have that's checking against the windows Title, and the number in the title determines what text is sent. ",
"\nI'm wondering if I can incorporate an array of these numbers instead of having an increasingly large if/else statement, but still check against the windows title accurately.",
"\nLoop\n{\nWinWait, Windows security\nWinGetTitle, Title, A\nWinGetClass, Class, A\nif (RegExMatch(Title, \"Windows security: \") AND (Class == \"Transparent Windows Client\") OR RegExMatch(Title, \"Windows security: \") AND (Class == \"#32770\")) \n{\n if (RegExMatch(Title, \"Windows security: (049|064|067|071|077|158|193|210|214|215|221|224|239|... ENHANCE)+.*(POR|R.|WS.)+\") AND (Class == \"Transparent Windows Client\") OR RegExMatch(Title, \"Windows security: (049|064|067|071|077|158|193|210|214|215|221|224|239|... ENHANCE)+.*(POR|R.|WS.)+\") AND (Class == \"#32770\"))\n {\n Send ExampleText{Enter}\n}\n}}\nreturn\n\nA:\n\nAssuming, you have your array of valid numbers set like this\nvalidNumbers := [ \"049\", \"064\", \"067\" ] ; etc..\n\nYou could split that RegEx statement in two steps and thus, work with an array:\nvalid:=false\nfor i,v in validNumbers ; there is no such thing as \"if x in [...]\" - http://stackoverflow.com/a/33593563/3779853\n if(inStr(Title,v))\n valid:=true\nif(valid) {\n if(RegExMatch(Title, \"Windows security: [0-9]+.*(POR|R.|WS.)+\")) {\n ; ...\n }\n}\n\nThis only matches against a \"any-numbers\"-regex when one of the numbers is contained somewhere in the title.",
"\nAnother method might be constructing the large regex manually:\nregex := \"Windows security: (\"\nfor i,v in validNumbers\n regex .= v \"|\"\nregex .= \")+.*(POR|R.|WS.)+\"\nif(RegExMatch(Title, regex)) {\n ; ...\n}\n\n"
] | {
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[
"Whitney Westgate\n\nWhitney Westgate is a pornstar\n\nWhitney Westgate could have save me from drowning, and yet I know how to swim, but she once up in the time was a lifeguard at a pool club. ",
"That was her first job; I bet a lot of guys requested her assistance, and no one can blame them for doing that. ",
"Shortly after she turned 18 years old she started her career as porn star. ",
"This gorgeous blue eyed brunette was born on January 31, 1994 in Middletown, New Jersey, United States and then there was some kind of magic that turned her into a perfectly shaped porn star who can make any guy wet his pants.",
"\nHer measurements are 32D-24-28 and she is 5 ft 6 in tall. ",
"Basically she has a slim body, fit, good tits to be sucked and a beautiful face, do you want more than that? ",
"I don’t think so!",
"\nAmong a large number of companies from the adult industry that she worked with, these are some examples of her work: 3rd Degree, Pulse Distribution, New Sensations, and Pure Play Media, BangBros, Twistys, Nubile Films, Reality Kings and many more. ",
"She hopes that her dream of entering the mainstream acting will be happening soon."
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[
"Plans for Main Street Improvements Move Forward\n\nPARK CITY, UTAH (March 6, 2013) — The Park City Council reviewed the materials for Phase I of the Historic Park City Improvement Plan Thursday, setting in motion a 10-year plan to upgrade the infrastructure of Park City’s central commercial thoroughfare. ",
"The total improvement plan will invest about $15 million in the area over the next 10 years.",
"\n\n“This plan will make much-needed improvements to our downtown, which is the lifeblood of our community,” HPCA executive director Alison Butz said. “",
"From the sidewalks and curbs to the addition of public plazas and improved connectivity from parking to Main Street, our downtown is getting the makeover it needs continue serving our residents and tourists for years to come.”",
"\n\nThe project, which kicks off in April with improvements to the Egyptian Theatre walkthrough, will be led by MGB+A The Grassli Group. ",
"The firm led the design and construction of City Creek Center in downtown Salt Lake City, a complex project that improved driver and pedestrian safety while also injecting economic and aesthetic boosts to the neighborhood.",
"\n\nMGB+A also designed the University of Southern Utah’s Student Center, the Ogden Public Works Department’s headquarters, and Cedar City’s downtown area.",
"\n\n“This firm knows Utah inside and out — they’re from here, they live here, they work here, and they craft smart, innovative, eye-catching designs that fit their communities,” Butz said. “",
"We are confident that their work will make Park City’s renowned Historic District even better.”",
"\n\nThe first phase of the project will take place on the east side of Main Street between Fourth and Fifth streets, where workers will install new granite sidewalks and curbs and new light posts. ",
"The project is being funded by the 0.5-percent tax increase on Park City resorts that was approved last year."
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[
"/*\n * Copyright MapStruct Authors.",
"\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License version 2.0, available at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n */\npackage org.mapstruct.itest.lombok;\n\nimport lombok.",
"Builder;\nimport lombok.",
"Getter;\n\n@Builder(builderMethodName = \"foo\", buildMethodName = \"create\", builderClassName = \"Builder\")\n@Getter\npublic class Person {\n private final String name;\n private final int age;\n private final Address address;\n}\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
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0.012121212121212121,
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[
"// This is a script to upgrade \"V0\" network prototxts to the new format.",
"\n// Usage:\n// upgrade_net_proto_binary v0_net_proto_file_in net_proto_file_out\n\n#include <cstring>\n#include <fstream> // NOLINT(readability/streams)\n#include <iostream> // NOLINT(readability/streams)\n#include <string>\n\n#include \"caffe/caffe.hpp\"\n#include \"caffe/util/io.hpp\"\n#include \"caffe/util/upgrade_proto.hpp\"\n\nusing std::ofstream;\n\nusing namespace caffe; // NOLINT(build/namespaces)\n\nint main(int argc, char** argv) {\n ::google::InitGoogleLogging(argv[0]);\n if (argc !",
"= 3) {\n LOG(ERROR) << \"Usage: \"\n << \"upgrade_net_proto_binary v0_net_proto_file_in net_proto_file_out\";\n return 1;\n }\n\n NetParameter net_param;\n string input_filename(argv[1]);\n if (!",
"ReadProtoFromBinaryFile(input_filename, &net_param)) {\n LOG(ERROR) << \"Failed to parse input binary file as NetParameter: \"\n << input_filename;\n return 2;\n }\n bool need_upgrade = NetNeedsUpgrade(net_param);\n bool success = true;\n if (need_upgrade) {\n success = UpgradeNetAsNeeded(input_filename, &net_param);\n if (!",
"success) {\n LOG(ERROR) << \"Encountered error(s) while upgrading prototxt; \"\n << \"see details above.\";",
"\n }\n } else {\n LOG(ERROR) << \"File already in V1 proto format: \" << argv[1];\n }\n\n WriteProtoToBinaryFile(net_param, argv[2]);\n\n LOG(ERROR) << \"Wrote upgraded NetParameter binary proto to \" << argv[2];\n return !",
"success;\n}\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
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"\n272 P.3d 624 (2012)\nLANDRAM\nv.\nKANSAS DEPT. ",
"OF REVENUE.",
"\nNo. ",
"104790.",
"\nCourt of Appeals of Kansas.",
"\nMarch 9, 2012.",
"\n\nDecision Without Published Opinion\nAffirmed.",
"\n"
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"A new method to reduce frequency-temperature coefficient of sapphire-loaded cavities for compact hydrogen masers.",
"\nTo reduce the size and weight of the hydrogen maser atomic clocks, some useful attempts and related research results about sapphire-loaded cylindrical cavities for hydrogen masers were reported by the Beijing Institute of Radio Metrology and Measurement. ",
"The fractional frequency stability of the order of 10(¿15) over 10,000 seconds can be realized. ",
"However, because of a large frequency-temperature coefficient in a single sapphire bulb in the cavity, further improvement of the stability in the compact hydrogen clock was restricted. ",
"In this work, we chose several small single-crystal chips of SrTiO3 with a large negative frequency-temperature coefficient to compensate the sapphire microwave cavity. ",
"Based on the theoretical calculation, the frequency-temperature coefficient in the TE011 mode of a sapphire cavity associated with several small chips of SrTiO3 can be greatly reduced. ",
"A sapphire-loaded cavity and 8 compensated chips of SrTiO3 were prepared, and a combined cavity was simulated by finite element method and measured by experiments. ",
"When quality factor was kept above 40,000, the frequency-temperature coefficient can be reduced to about 1/5 of its starting value. ",
"The experimental results agree very well with the calculation and simulation. ",
"Furthermore, this new method was applied in the compact hydrogen maser. ",
"Because of the decrease of temperature frequency shift, the hydrogen maser stability at medium- and long- term averaging time from 1 s to 10(5) s has an obvious improvement compared with the our previous results."
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"The complaint has been investigated and\n\nresolved to the customer's satisfaction Backroom Casting Couch — Fraud\n\nM michinflorida\n\nA friend brought to my attention this website she stumbled across and i decieded to check it out. ",
"I couldnt believe it. ",
"Im not sure if there is legally anything i can do or if this is the proper complaint site. ",
"If not maybe you can forward to the proper authorities. ",
"These girls on these videos are being led to believe they are being interviewed for modeling and acting. ",
"They are then made to remove there clothing and perform sexual acts on the person filming thinking the video is being passed on to producers and that they must perform these acts or it will not stand a chance. ",
"When in all actuallity they are being sexually assulted and this man has no intention on doing anything with these vidoes except for his own sick pleasure. ",
"Something needs to be done immediatly. ",
"One of the girls is actually crying her eyes out in pain. . . ",
"Its horrific. ",
"Please lets get this to authourites and try to do something."
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"/***************************************************************************/\n/* */\n/* svpostnm.h */\n/* */\n/* The FreeType PostScript name services (specification). ",
" */\n/* */\n/* Copyright 2003, 2007 by */\n/* David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg. ",
" */\n/* */\n/* This file is part of the FreeType project, and may only be used, */\n/* modified, and distributed under the terms of the FreeType project */\n/* license, LICENSE.TXT. ",
" By continuing to use, modify, or distribute */\n/* this file you indicate that you have read the license and */\n/* understand and accept it fully. ",
" */\n/* */\n/***************************************************************************/\n\n\n#ifndef __SVPOSTNM_H__\n#define __SVPOSTNM_H__\n\n#include FT_INTERNAL_SERVICE_H\n\n\nFT_BEGIN_HEADER\n\n /*\n * A trivial service used to retrieve the PostScript name of a given\n * font when available. ",
" The `get_name' field should never be NULL.",
"\n *\n * The corresponding function can return NULL to indicate that the\n * PostScript name is not available.",
"\n *\n * The name is owned by the face and will be destroyed with it.",
"\n */\n\n#define FT_SERVICE_ID_POSTSCRIPT_FONT_NAME \"postscript-font-name\"\n\n\n typedef const char*\n (*FT_PsName_GetFunc)( FT_Face face );\n\n\n FT_DEFINE_SERVICE( PsFontName )\n {\n FT_PsName_GetFunc get_ps_font_name;\n };\n\n /* */\n\n\nFT_END_HEADER\n\n\n#endif /* __SVPOSTNM_H__ */\n\n\n/* END */\n"
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[
"Language\n\nSearch\n\nWelcome to P2PSP Google Summer of Code (GSoC) 2017 project ideas page. ",
"We will use this page to develop possible project ideas. ",
"Please note that anyone who is interested can participate in this process. ",
"You do not have to be a GSoC student or mentor to suggest possible project ideas. ",
"If you want to suggest an idea, please, send an email with the subject \"GSoC 17 Ideas\" to info [at] p2psp.org. ",
"You can also join the team at GitHub, chat on Gitter and subscribe to the mailing list.",
"\n\nExplanation: At its current state, the Splitter - which handles the team of peers - needs to be connected using an IP and Port which must be either fixed or previously agreed for both streaming video and peer connection. ",
"Which we want to accomplish here is to have a wrapper WebService that can receive the video through an HTTP request - or any other way that can easily get through NATs-, create an Splitter instance and redirect the video to it, assigning a 'friendly URL' to it that can be easily shared. ",
"When this URL is visited, it will reply with the IP and port that the peers need in order to connect to the Splitter.",
"\n\nExpected deliverables: A REST web application that will dynamically create Splitters, receive the video and redirect it to the correct Splitter, assign URLs to them and reply to those URL with the IP and port needed to connect to the team that the Splitter runs.",
"\n\nExplanation: We want to offer an evolution of this experiment (https://youtu.be/R7035-XaZd4). ",
"A virtual room where friends share videos among them in real time directly over the web browser, with synchronized playback and a video chat at the same time. ",
"It is like to be in the same room watching a movie but in a virtual way. ",
"Browsers are connected each other over a P2P overlay (using WebRTC), this means that we have a private communication, without going through a server. ",
"It's a browser-to-browser connection.",
"\n\nExpected deliverables: A website where an user can share a video with his friends in real time, with synchronized playback and they can have a video chat at the same time. ",
"All of this over a P2P overlay.",
"\n\nExplanation: Create a simulator of the P2PSP protocol using Thread and message passing in order to do the prototyping of new strategies easier. ",
"If we use Python, we can use Queue class. ",
"It’ll be very useful!",
"\n\nImplementation of the Data Broadcasting Set of Rules (DBS) of P2PSP as a HTML5+WebRTC application. ",
"1\n\nExplanation: Today, the Web browser is an indispensable tool to access information available on the Internet and HTML is the language used to describe the Web objects the browser interprets and displays to users. ",
"One of the most interesting additions in HTML 5 is the <video> label which enables the playback of a video embedded in Web pages. ",
"This possibility has open a range of multimedia applications and avoids the need of third party software to handle multimedia. ",
"This project proposes the implementation of the a client (peer + player) using HTML5+WebRTC.",
"\n\nExpected deliverables: A SplitterWebRTC C++ class that inherits the SplitterDBS class defined in splitter_dbs.h implementing the WebRTC funtionality and a new P2PSP client build-in web browser.",
"\n\nExplanation: This project addresses the implementation of a statistics module for P2PSP that records information related to the stream, number of peers (audience) per minute, in/out of peers, total peers, etc. ",
"That set of data must be displayed a convenient graphical interface. ",
"A very interesting extension is to consider also the use of social sign-in (Facebook, Twitter, Google+).",
"\n\nExpected deliverables: An application that displays graphs of all data recovered.",
"\n\nImplementation of the Internet Gateway Device Protocol for NAT traversal.",
"\n\nExplanation: Some \"routers\" runs this protocol allowing a local UPnP client to add and remove port mappings, among other thigs. ",
"Thus, a P2PSP peer behind a IGDP NAT can enable NAT traversal.",
"\n\nExpected deliverables: A C++ SplitterUPnP class that inherits the SplitterDBS class of splitter_dbs.h and a C++ PeerUPnP class that inherits the PeerDBS class of peer_dbs.h, both implementing the techniques described in the IGDP.",
"\n\nExplanation: Chromecast is a digital media player developed by Google which can be connected to a TV. ",
"This idea consist in adding the option \"send to chromecast\" to the P2PSP GUI (See 11). ",
"This option should send the stream from a desktop application to Chromecast. ",
"Note that the player controls are held in the desktop version.",
"\n\nExpected deliverables: A new module for the GUI with Chromecast support.",
"\n\nExplanation: A Chromecast device can run a P2PSP peer and a player using the WebRTC framework. ",
"This idea depends on the success of idea number 2, but after that, a minor programming effort should be performed.",
"\n\nExplanation: Mobile phones are indispensable devices nowadays and the Android ecosystem is one of the most popular on smartphones, tablets and others multimedia devices (Android TV, Nexus players, etc.). ",
"This project proposes the implementation of the core of the P2PSP for Android devices as a native application.",
"\n\nAutomatization of the deployment of a P2PSP team (or a part of it) over the PlanetLab infrastructure.",
"\n\nExplanation: The PlanetLab is a network of public (Linux) hosts exclusively dedicated to the development and performance measurement of communication protocols. ",
"The idea of this project is to automatize as much as possible this task, enabling the deployment and evaluation of hundreds peers.",
"\n\nExpected deliverables: A script deploying a P2PSP team over PlanetLab.",
"\n\nExplanation: A channel is associated to one or more splitters that stream the same content, in a synchronized way. ",
"In order to achieve a good load balancing among the splitters of the same channel, a tracker could determine (depending on the number of peers, for example, in each team) the a free splitter (team) and redirect the incomming peer to it.",
"\n\nExpected deliverables:A standalone application (written in a portable language such as Python or C++) which implements the previously described behaviour.",
"\n\nKnowledge prerequisites: Socket programming and a good understanding of P2PSP.",
"\n\nExplanation: Most defense algorithms against pollution and free-riding attacks rely on to know the number of attackers. ",
"In this project we will check the performance of some techniques that have been proposed to address this problem (such as the mathematical inference) and we will develop an estimator for that variable\n\nExpected deliverables: A Python class that using the information provided by the splitter, will produce an estimation for the number of malicious peers that attack a team.",
"\n\nExplanation: The current splitter divides the code-stream into blocks (chunks) of the same size and that size usually does not match with the native block of the video (for example, in H.264 exist NAL units, in Theora there are pages, etc). ",
"Therefore, if a chunk is lost (in the current implementation), even if it is two bytes long, two blocks of video could be affected. ",
"To solve this drawback, this idea proposes to modify the implementation of the splitter available at: https://github.com/P2PSP/p2psp, in order to use a chunk size suitable for the media transmitted. ",
"The incorporation of such functionality should be provided as a \"pluging\".",
"\n\nExplanation: This idea is an extension of implemented idea 7 (see below). ",
"Add support for other cameras like SJCAM (the more the merrier). ",
"Maybe would be possible to add more streaming platforms like twitch or Twitter.",
"\n\nExplanation: It not easy to test if a modification in P2PSP has the expected impact. ",
"For this reason, we propose to write a Bash script which is able to create a team on a single host, run it and provide statistics about its performance (lost chunk ratio, for example).",
"\n\nExplanation: The synchronizer entity can be used by peers to receive (the same) media from two or more team, simultaneously. ",
"In this idea, we propose to extend the functionality of the synchronizer to allow a peer to move between teams in a seamless manner.",
"\n\nDesign and Implementation of a new source video from mobile phone (Android).",
"\n\nExplanation: Mobile phones are nowadays present in everyone's pocket, meaning that there is a camera at virtually any populated place in the world. ",
"Giving users the chance to share what they are watching live with the rest of the world seems to be a good idea and is a natural application of the phone+Internet combination. ",
"On the other hand, P2PSP is a minimal (easy to implement) protocol designed for the streaming of media (audio and video). ",
"At the present time, there is a working Python implementation available at Launchpad. ",
"We propose the development of an Android app that captures the video of the camera and sends it to a streaming server (possibly Icecast) on real time. ",
"From there, P2PSP distributes the stream to the rest of the world.",
"\n\nExpected deliverables: An application for Android that captures the video of the camera and send it to a streaming server (icecast) in real time.",
"\n\nImplementation of the NAT Traversal Set (NTS) of rules of the Peer-to-Peer Straightforward Protocol (P2PSP).",
"\n\nExplanation: Another important aspect for improving P2PSP is that peers behind NATs can run with some form of restricted access from the outside. ",
"This set of rules defines how to provide this functionality.",
"\n\nExpected deliverables: A Python class that inherits the Splitter_DBS class of splitter.py and a Python class that inherits the Peer_DBS class of peer.py, both implementing the techniques described in the NTS.",
"\n\nExplanation: In the P2PSP system it is necessary a method to avoid attacks consisting on the injection of fake information into the team. ",
"An attacker can do this by sending poisoned chunks. ",
"A way to tackle this problem is by inserting one o more “trusted-peers”. ",
"These peers are authenticated as trusted to the splitter, but not to the rest of peer (the behavior of a trusted-peer is identical to any other peer making impossible for a poisonous peer to know these special peers). ",
"The source sends to the trusted-peers a hash code for every chunk sent to the team, using a reliable transmission protocol. ",
"Alternatively, hash codes for randomly chosen chunks are sent to the trusted-peers (note that the poisonous peer is not aware of which chunks were selected). ",
"If a poisonous peer sends an altered chunk to a trusted-peer, it will detect the change using the hash code and will notify the source, which will eject the poisonous peer from the team.",
"\n\nExpected deliverables: A Python class that inherits the DBS class of splitter.py and a Python class that inherits the DBS class of peer.py, both implementing the techniques described in the DIS of rules.",
"\n\nDesign, implementation and integration of a graphical user interface for the Peer in the P2PSP python implementation.",
"\n\nExplanation: There already is a working implementation in Python but it does not have any integrated GUI, so the user must run a player separately. ",
"The purpose of this work is to use LibVLC (a media framework that embeds the features of VLC into an application) to integrate a peer and a player into a single executable. ",
"However, any other suggestions about multimedia libraries are welcome. ",
"The P2PSP source code is available at https://launchpad.net/p2psp. ",
"You can find more information about LibVLC and Python in https://wiki.videolan.org/PythonBinding/. The code must be documented with Doxygen.",
"\n\nExpected deliverables: A single executable integrating a GUI, a player and a P2PSP peer.",
"\n\nExplanation: Action cameras are becoming popular. ",
"We think that create a gateway between the camera and Internet is a interesting thing. ",
"So, in this project we propose create an app for mobile devices that use the GoPro camera as a source and send the stream to the Internet. ",
"It could be sent to a P2PSP splitter, Youtube, Icecast, etc."
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"According to Northwood police, Mr. Williams contacted undercover officers and attempted to pay one with $140 in cash, an act that was caught on video by the department.",
"\n\nThe operation was conducted by the Northwood Police Department, the Wood County Sheriff’s Office, Ohio Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigation, and the FBI Human Trafficking Task Force.",
"\n\nMr. Williams was released after his arrest. ",
"He is expected to appear in Northwood Mayor’s Court sometime next week.",
"\n\nSoliciting for prostitution is a third-degree misdemeanor, and a conviction carries a maximum fine of $500 and 60 days in jail. ",
"In addition to Mr. Williams’ arrest, five other men and six women were charged with prostitution and drug-related charges the same evening.",
"\n\nIt is unclear how Mr. Williams’ arrest will affect his position as a trustee. ",
"Fellow Trustee Gilbert Overmyer said Friday that since the charge is a misdemeanor, it will be up to Mr. Williams to determine whether he is able to fulfill his trustee duties.",
"\n\n“That’s entirely up to him,” Mr. Overmyer said. “",
"We’re three trustees and we’re all an equal member there.”",
"\n\nHe said if his colleague was arrested for a felony, “then there would be action taken,” although Mr. Overmyer said there is not an official rule regarding the matter in the trustees’ handbook.",
"\n\nMr. Williams and Trustee Joe Luc did not return calls for comment Friday."
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"Submission on the establishment of a National Integrity Commission\n\nposted by WestConnex Action Group | 2318.80sc\nApril 27, 2016\n\nIn April 2016, WestCONnex Action Group joined forces with Victoria's Yarra Campaign for Action on Transport and WA's Rethink the Link to make a submission to the Senate Committee on the establishment of a National Integrity Commission. ",
"We supported it on the basis that a federal anti-corruption body would be well-placed to investigate issues related to WestCONnex, the East West Link and Perth Freight Link. ",
"This was our joint cover letter.",
"\n\nAttention: Committee SecretarySelect Committee on the establishment of a National Integrity Commission\n\n20 April 2016\n\nSubmission on the establishment of a National Integrity Commission\n\nThis document contains the formal submission made by the Rethink the Link (RTL) in WA, WestCONnex Action Group Incorporated (WAG) in NSW, and the Yarra Campaign for Action on Transport (YCAT) in Victoria to Select Committee on the establishment of a National Integrity Commission.",
"\n\nRTL is a community voice for concern over the Perth Freight Link (PFL) Project, which includes a section called Roe 8 through critical wetlands, and the lack of transparency by state and federal governments around the project. ",
"RTL has provided alternatives to the PFL project and is working with an alliance of 35 organisations and 5 Local Governments opposed to the PFL.",
"\n\nWAG is a community group made up of residents from across western, inner and south-west Sydney that is campaigning against the WestConnex motorway. ",
"We are not affiliated with any political party.",
"\n\nYCAT (previously known as Yarra Campaign Against the Tunnel) is a community coalition of individuals and local groups concerned about inappropriate road developments in Melbourne's inner northern suburbs.",
"\n\nOur groups have united to make this submission as we believe the same issues of poor governance, lack of transparency and potential corruption impact all of our campaigns.",
"\n\nWe support the establishment of a National Integrity Commission because these issues indicate serious failings in the government processes used to assess, approve and engage private contractors for these large infrastructure projects, which depend on billions of dollars of Federal funding to proceed.",
"\n\nThe remainder of this submission expands on the issues we have identified above.",
"\n\nShould you require any further information, please do not hesitate to contact us at:"
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"Q:\n\nPython couldn't insert row to MySQL\n\nI'm trying to accomplish following query:\nsql = \"INSERT INTO adr_citydistricts (CityDistrict, CityDistrictRU) VALUES (% (ua) s,% (ru) s);\"\ndata = {'ua': 'ukrainian', 'ru': 'russian'}\ncursor.execute (sql, data)\n\nAfter executing this query, there is no such record in table.",
"\nIf do the same query in SQLyog, record will exists.",
"\nI've also tried:\nsql = \"INSERT INTO adr_citydistricts (CityDistrict, CityDistrictRU) VALUES ('123 ', '333');\"\ncursor.execute (sql)\nprint sql\n\nand there is no row in the table.",
"\nThe console displays : INSERT INTO adr_citydistricts (CityDistrict, CityDistrictRU) VALUES ('123 ', '333');\nExecuting this query in SQLyog, normally inserts a row in the table.",
"\nI've created another table with the same structure. ",
"\nCan someone help me, please?",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou need to cursor.commit() to reflect changes.",
"\n\n9.2.3. ",
"Method MySQLConnection.commit()\nThis method sends a COMMIT statement to the MySQL server, committing\nthe current transaction. ",
"Since by default Connector/Python does not\nautocommit, it is important to call this method after every\ntransaction that modifies data for tables that use transactional\nstorage engines.",
"\n\n"
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"Sphaerodactylus poindexteri\n\nSphaerodactylus poindexteri is a small species of gecko, a lizard in the family Sphaerodactylidae. ",
"The species is endemic to Útila, one of the Bay Islands of Honduras.",
"\n\nEtymology\nThe specific name, poindexteri, is in honor of James A. Poindexter of the USNM Support Center in Suitland, Maryland.",
"\n\nHabitat\nThe preferred habitat of S. poindexteri is leaf litter of Coccoloba uvifera and hardwood trees at altitudes of .",
"\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\nMcCranie JR (2018). \"",
"The Lizards, Crocodiles, and Turtles of Honduras. ",
"Systematics, Distribution, and Conservation\". ",
"Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 15 (1): 1-129. ",
"\nMcCranie JR, Hedges SB (2013). \"",
"Two additional new species of Sphaerodactylus (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonoidea, Sphaerodactylidae) from the Honduran Bay Islands\". ",
"Zootaxa 3694 (1): 040-050. (",
"Sphaerodactylus poindexteri, new species).",
"\n\nCategory:Sphaerodactylus\nCategory:Endemic fauna of Honduras\nCategory:Reptiles of Honduras\nCategory:Reptiles described in 2013"
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"Josip Crnobori\n\nJosip Crnobori (born in Banjole near Pula on 22 October 1907 - died 12 August 2005) was a Croatian painter.",
"\n\nCrnobori was born near Pula in Istria in 1907, but his family moved to Vienna in 1915 where he attended primary school. ",
"He came to Zagreb in 1925 and by 1936 he finished art academy.",
"\n\nHe had his first independent exhibition in 1937 with Pola vijeka hrvatske umjetnosti, which was held at the Meštrović Pavilion. ",
"In 1942 his work was featured among the Croatian exhibits at the Venice Biennale. ",
"Over the course of the Second World War he had exhibitions in Berlin, Vienna and Bratislava. ",
"He painted a portrait for Croatian leader Ante Pavelić at his request, which Pavelić later declined.",
"\n\nIn 1946, Crnobori escaped the newly established Communist Yugoslavia and went to Italy. ",
"The following year he moved to Argentina where he lived until 1978. ",
"He subsequently moved to New York City in the United States of America. ",
"Here he painted Milka Trnina for the Metropolitan Opera and also left several works for the Croatian diaspora.",
"\n\nCrnobori returned to Croatia in 1999 before dying in 2005.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1907 births\nCategory:2005 deaths\nCategory:People from Pula\nCategory:Academy of Fine Arts, University of Zagreb alumni\nCategory:20th-century Croatian painters\nCategory:21st-century Croatian painters"
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"Q:\n\nMerging arrays of objects from different CSVs\n\nI am using D3JS to visualize data collected by Jenkins. ",
"The only problem is that I want to visualize multiple lines at the same time and the Jenkins scripts creating the CSV files for these are creating multiple separate files. ",
"For example:\nFile1:\nID;ValueA;ValueB\nID01;10;10\nID02;30;40\n\nFile2:\nID;ValueC;ValueD\nID01;20;30\nID03;50;60\n\nThis way the final result should be something like this after merging:\nID;ValueA;ValueB;ValueC;ValueD\nID01;10;10;20;30\nID02;30;40;;\nID03;;;50;60\n\nMy problem was that concat simply does the following:\nID01;10;10\nID02;30;40\nID01;20;30\nID03;50;60\n\nA:\n\nThere are several ways to merge those arrays of objects, which can favour speed, or brevity, or readability etc...\nThis is one way to do it, out of several. ",
"First, let's get our parsed CSVs. ",
"Since I cannot use a real CSV in the StackOverflow snippet I'll use a template literal; also, since you have semicolons in your CSV, I'll use a DSV parser:\nconst file1 = `ID;ValueA;ValueB\nID01;10;10\nID02;30;40`;\n\nconst file2 = `ID;ValueC;ValueD\nID01;20;30\nID03;50;60`;\n\nconst csv1 = d3.dsvFormat(\";\").parse(file1);\nconst csv2 = d3.dsvFormat(\";\").parse(file2);\n\nNow we get the headers, based on the CSVs:\nconst headers = [...new Set(csv1.columns.concat(csv2.columns))].filter(function(d) {\n return d !",
"== \"ID\"\n});\n\nFinally comes the function:\nconst mergedData = [];\n\ncsv1.concat(csv2).forEach(function(row) {\n const foundObject = mergedData.find(function(d) {\n return d.ID === row.",
"ID\n });\n if (foundObject) {\n headers.forEach(function(d) {\n if (row[d]) foundObject[d] = row[d];\n });\n } else {\n headers.forEach(function(d) {\n if (!",
"row[d]) row[d] = \"\";\n });\n mergedData.push(row)\n };\n});\n\nWe first create an empty array for the merged data. ",
"Then, we search in that array an object that matches the ID for each object in the two CSVs: if it's found, the extra columns are created; if it's not found the original row is pushed, with \"\" as the value for the columns that it doesn't have, which is exactly what d3.csv() does.",
"\nHere is the demo:\n\nconst file1 = `ID;ValueA;ValueB\r\nID01;10;10\r\nID02;30;40`;\r\n\r\nconst file2 = `ID;ValueC;ValueD\r\nID01;20;30\r\nID03;50;60`;\r\n\r\nconst csv1 = d3.dsvFormat(\";\").parse(file1);\r\nconst csv2 = d3.dsvFormat(\";\").parse(file2);\r\n\r\nconst headers = [...new Set(csv1.columns.concat(csv2.columns))].filter(function(d) {\r\n return d !",
"== \"ID\"\r\n});\r\n\r\nconst mergedData = [];\r\n\r\ncsv1.concat(csv2).forEach(function(row) {\r\n const foundObject = mergedData.find(function(d) {\r\n return d.ID === row.",
"ID\r\n });\r\n if (foundObject) {\r\n headers.forEach(function(d) {\r\n if (row[d]) foundObject[d] = row[d];\r\n });\r\n } else {\r\n headers.forEach(function(d) {\r\n if (!",
"row[d]) row[d] = \"\";\r\n });\r\n mergedData.push(row)\r\n };\r\n});\r\n\r\nconsole.log(mergedData);\n<script src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/5.7.0/d3.min.js\"></script>\n\n"
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[
"Accumulated photon echoes by using a nonlaser light source.",
"\nAccumulated photon echoes have been observed by use of a light-emitting diode. ",
"This is to our knowledge the first observation of photon echoes that are excited by a nonlaser light source. ",
"In the incoherent-light photon echo, the time resolution is equal to the inverse of the overall spectral width of the excitation light. ",
"Therefore we can easily get a high time resolution by using nonlaser light with a broad spectrum. ",
"Moreover the use of nonlaser light in the photon-echo experiment will extend the technique into wavelength regions where lasers are not currently available."
] | {
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[
"Q:\n\nBehaviour of max pooling is confused in Tensorflow\n\nI am trying to reduce the resolution of an image to speed up training. ",
"So I used tf.nn.max_pool method to operate on my raw image. ",
"I am expecting the resultant image is a blurred one with smaller size, but actually it is not. ",
"\nMy raw image has shape [320, 240, 3], and it looks like: \n\nAnd after max_pooling, with ksize=[1,2,2,1] and strides=[1,2,2,1] it becomes\n\nproduced by the following code:\n# `img` is an numpy.array with shape [320, 240, 3]\n# since tf.nn.max_pool only receives tensor with size \n# [batch_size, height,width,channel], so I need to reshape \n# the image to have a dummy dimension.",
"\n\nimg_tensor = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[1,320,240,3])\npooled = tf.nn.max_pool(img_tensor, ksize=[1,2,2,1], strides=[1,2,2,1],padding='VALID')\npooled_img = pooled.eval(feed_dict={img_tensor: img.reshape([1,320,240,3])})\nplt.imshow(np.squeeze(pooled_img, axis=0))\n\nThe pooled image has shape [160, 120, 3] which is expected. ",
"Its just the transformation behaviour is really confused me. ",
"It shouldnt have that \"repeated shifting\" behaviour, since there is no pixel overlapping computation.",
"\nMany thanks in advance.",
"\n\nA:\n\nI think the problem is how your image has been reshaped. ",
"This image actually has the shape of [240, 320, 3].",
"\nSo try to use [1, 240, 320, 3]) instead of [1, 320, 240, 3]). ",
"It should work.",
"\n\n"
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"McCulloch Stadium\n\nMcCulloch Stadium is a 2,500-seat outdoor stadium in Salem, Oregon, United States. ",
"Built in 1950, the multi-use facility serves as home to Willamette University's football and track & field teams, and high school football games. ",
"Located in Bush's Pasture Park south of Willamette's campus, the stadium includes a grandstand, football field, and track.",
"\n\nHistory\nCharles E. McCulloch donated $50,000 to the school in June 1947 in order to build an athletic complex on at what is now Bush's Pasture Park. ",
" At the time, McCulloch was president of the university's board of trustees and an attorney in Portland where he was a partner at what is now Stoel Rives. ",
"The proposed stadium was to have seating for 3,500 in a concrete grandstand, plus a baseball diamond, track, and practice field for the football team. ",
"Construction began in March 1950 with it planned to be completed in time for that year's football season. ",
"It was also announced the stadium would be named for Charles E. McCulloch and have a total capacity of 7,000.",
"\n\nOn October 14, 1950, a dedication ceremony was held with school president G. Herbert Smith and Oregon governor Douglas McKay on hand to welcome Hawaii and honor the 1941 Willamette team that was stranded in Hawaii after the attack on Pearl Harbor. ",
"The New York Giants football team held their first scrimmage of the 1958 season at the stadium on July 31. ",
"Around 1970 the track surface was converted to an asphalt and rubber surface, which was resurfaced in the 1980s.",
"\n\nMcCulloch Stadium went through a major renovation in 1993. ",
"After renovations, the field was named Ted Ogdahl Field in honor of the former coach while the locker rooms were dedicated in the honor of Jeff Knox. ",
"In October 1997, Liz Heaston became the first female to play in a college football game, kicking two extra points in the game at McCulloch against Linfield College.",
"\n\nA new $300,000 rekotan track surface was installed at the stadium in 2000. ",
"At that time university officials discovered the previous track was too long. ",
"In 2003 the grass field was removed and a new FieldTurf surface was installed at a cost of $500,000. ",
"Later that year lights were re-installed at McCulloch at a cost of $110,000. ",
"A new video scoreboard was added at the facility in 2007.",
"\n\nSports\nThe stadium hosts a variety of sports. ",
"These include lacrosse, football, soccer, and track meets. ",
"McCulloch can seat 2,500 spectators. ",
"All seats at the stadium are in the covered grandstand on the west side of the playing surface. ",
"The grandstands include a press box, offices for the coaches, player locker rooms, and athletic training facilities.",
"\n\nMcCulloch includes the eight lane Charles Bowles Track for the school's track teams. ",
"The stadium also host high school football games, including OSAA playoff games.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Information and photos at Willamette University\n\nCategory:Sports venues in Oregon\nCategory:College football venues\nCategory:Willamette Bearcats football\nCategory:Athletics (track and field) venues in Oregon\nCategory:College track and field venues in the United States\nCategory:Soccer venues in Oregon\nCategory:Sports venues completed in 1950\nCategory:Willamette University campus\nCategory:Tourist attractions in Salem, Oregon\nCategory:American football venues in Oregon\nCategory:1950 establishments in Oregon"
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[
"Controlled, Low-Temperature Nanogap Propagation in Graphene Using Femtosecond Laser Patterning.",
"\nGraphene nanogap systems are promising research tools for molecular electronics, memories, and nanodevices. ",
"Here, a way to control the propagation of nanogaps in monolayer graphene during electroburning is demonstrated. ",
"A tightly focused femtosecond laser beam is used to induce defects in graphene according to selected patterns. ",
"It is shown that, contrary to the pristine graphene devices where nanogap position and shape are uncontrolled, the nanogaps in prepatterned devices propagate along the defect line created by the femtosecond laser. ",
"Using passive voltage contrast combined with atomic force microscopy, the reproducibility of the process with a 92% success rate over 26 devices is confirmed. ",
"Coupling in situ infrared thermography and finite element analysis yields a real-time estimation of the device temperature during electrical loading. ",
"The controlled nanogap formation occurs well below 50 °C when the defect density is high enough. ",
"In the perspective of graphene-based circuit fabrication, the availability of a cold electroburning process is critical to preserve the full circuit from thermal damage."
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe invention generally concerns the field of immunology, and more specifically concerns the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disease. ",
"Proteinaceous compositions described herein may be used as enteral therapeutics for the treatment or prevention of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.",
"\n2. ",
"Description of Related Art\nAutoimmune and disease result when an immune system of a subject mounts a response against the subject's own cells or proteins. ",
"In part because of the chronic nature of these diseases, effective treatment has proved difficult. ",
"One model system that is widely used in the study of autoimmune disease is the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. ",
"EAE is a T cell mediated inflammatory autoimmune process of the central nervous system (CNS) that resembles the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS) (Alvord et al., ",
"1965). ",
"This model provides a useful animal system for the evaluation of potential therapies for human autoimmune and disease (Raine et al., ",
"1977; Wisnewski & Keith 1977; Feuer et al., ",
"1985). ",
"Previous studies using the EAE model have demonstrated that immunoactive proteins such as type I interferon administered orally (ingested) can inhibit clinical attacks in acute rat EAE and suppresses clinical relapse and inflammation in murine chronic relapsing EAE (U.S. patent application Ser. ",
"No. ",
"08/844,731; Brod & Burns 1994; Brod et al., ",
"1995).",
"\nAlpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) is a short amino acid hormone that is processed in vivo from the hormonal precursor proteins proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ",
"The purification and activation of alpha-MSH precursors, such as ACTH has been previously described in U.S. Pat. ",
"Nos. ",
"2,904,471 and 2,992,165. ",
"Furthermore, synthetic analogs of alpha-MSH have been developed as therapeutics and imaging agents for use in a variety of diseases (U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"6,338,834). ",
"However, it is not clear whether such analogs maintain the full repertoire of therapeutic functionality possessed by intact alpha-MSH polypeptides.",
"\nAlpha-MSH itself immono-modulates inflammation via melanocortin receptor (MC-1R)-expressing monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) (Luger et al., ",
"2003) and via primed regulatory (MC5r)-expressing antigen-specific CD25+ CD4+ Treg cells (Tayor et al., ",
"2001; Taylor 2003). ",
"Interestingly, alpha-MSH generated autoantigen-specific Treg cells can adoptively transfer protection against autoimmunity (Namba et al, 2002), significantly impair TNF-α-induced lymphocyte adhesion and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 (Scholzen et al., ",
"2003) and DTH (Taylor et al., ",
"2000). ",
"Crude ACTH formulations such as those described in PCT Appln. ",
"WO2006/021814 may be used to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases and cancers. ",
"Also, U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"4,874,744 concerns alpha-MSH formulations for treating dermatitis. ",
"More recently, U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"7,169,603 described alpha-MSH concatamers and their use in treating a variety of disease states. ",
"Nonetheless, methods for effective treatment of autoimmune diseases by enteral administration of alpha-MSH have not previously been described. ",
"In fact, previous studies seemed to indicate that alpha-MSH may not be active when administered orally (Van der Zee et al., ",
"1988)."
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"Q:\n\nRender excel worksheet in html, using php, including rich text and hyperlinks\n\nI'm looking for a way to read an excel file (xls format, but could probably use xlsx if necessary), and convert that file into an html table, preserving the rich text in the cells, cell borders, as well as the hyperlinks.",
"\nI've looked at https://code.google.com/p/php-excel-reader2/, which looks pretty good except some borders are missed and hyperlink targets have missing letter at end of filename (weird). ",
" I could probably debug these if I have to, but another problem with this is that this code base isn't supported any more. ",
" See http://www.steeplechasers.org/racecalendar-php-excel.php for example (spreadsheet is at http://www.steeplechasers.org/racecalendar.xls ).",
"\n<?",
"php\nerror_reporting(E_ALL ^ E_NOTICE);\nrequire_once 'excel_reader2.php';\n$data = new Spreadsheet_Excel_Reader(\"racecalendar.xls\");\n?",
">\n<html>\n<head>\n<style>\ntable.excel {\n border-style:ridge;\n border-width:1;\n border-collapse:collapse;\n font-family:sans-serif;\n font-size:12px;\n}\ntable.excel thead th, table.excel tbody th {\n background:#CCCCCC;\n border-style:ridge;\n border-width:1;\n text-align: center;\n vertical-align:bottom;\n}\ntable.excel tbody th {\n text-align:center;\n width:20px;\n}\ntable.excel tbody td {\n vertical-align:bottom;\n}\ntable.excel tbody td {\n padding: 0 3px;\n border: 1px solid #EEEEEE;\n}\n</style>\n</head>\n\n<body>\n<?",
"php echo $data->dump(true,true); ?",
">\n</body>\n</html>\n\nI also looked at https://github.com/PHPOffice/PHPExcel, which seems like it should be able to do this somehow, but using simple generateSheetData, borders rich text and hyperlinks don't seem to be preserved, and I'm having trouble groking the docs to see how to copy these attributes into html. ",
" See http://www.steeplechasers.org/racecalendar-PHPExcel.php for example (same input file).",
"\n<?",
"php\nerror_reporting(E_ALL ^ E_NOTICE);\nrequire_once 'PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel.php';\n$filename = 'racecalendar.xls';\n//$filetype = PHPExcel_IOFactory::identify($filename);\n$reader = PHPExcel_IOFactory::createReaderForFile($filename);\n$reader->setReadDataOnly(true);\n$excel = $reader->load($filename);\n$writer = PHPExcel_IOFactory::createWriter($excel, \"HTML\");\n?",
">\n<html>\n<head>\n</head>\n<style>\n<?",
"php\necho $writer->generateStyles(false);\n?",
">\n</style>\n\n<body>\n<?",
"php\necho $writer->generateSheetData();\n?",
">\n</body>\n</html>\n\nConvert HTML to Excel Rich Text and vice versa seems to indicate this isn't a feature of PHPExcel yet.",
"\nPHPExcel - Preserve rich text format on import didn't answer the question at all, as far as I could tell.",
"\nIs there another way to do this directly, or some way to do this with PHPExcel?",
"\nNOTE: I would actually like to iterate through the cells because I want to add a column to the html table as I go -- I used code to dump the whole spreadsheet as simple examples of the package behaviors, and this is as far as I have gotten in my investigation.",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou're setting\n$reader->setReadDataOnly(true);\n\nwhen you read the spreadsheet file\nThis tells PHPExcel to ignore any formatting information in the spreadsheet file, and only to read the raw data in the cells. ",
"It means that all formatting (borders, number formatting styles, font colours, etc) will be ignored\nThe solution is not to set $reader->setReadDataOnly(true);\nEDIT\nAs a quick hack for the URLs, you can modify /Classes/PHPExcel/Reader/Excel5.php\nLines 4564 and 4565\n$url = self::_encodeUTF16(substr($recordData, $offset, $us - 2), false);\n$url .= $hasText ? '#' : '';",
"\n\nchange to\n$url = self::_encodeUTF16(substr($recordData, $offset, $us - 2), false);\n$nullOffset = strpos($url, 0x00);\nif ($nullOffset)\n $url = substr($url,0,$nullOffset);\n$url .= $hasText ? '#' : '';",
"\n\nIt fixes the URLs (note that php-excel-reader2 loses the last character of the URL) by testing for a null string terminator; and doesn't appear to have any adverse effects though it isn't adjusting the offset to allow for the adjustment. ",
"I need to check the BIFF specs and run a few more tests against both BIFF 5 and BIFF8 files with different link types before I'll commit anything back to the github repo)\n\n"
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"Madurawela Divisional Secretariat\n\nMadurawela Divisional Secretariat is a Divisional Secretariat of Kalutara District, of Western Province, Sri Lanka.",
"\n\nReferences\n Divisional Secretariats Portal\n\nCategory:Divisional Secretariats of Kalutara District"
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[
" IN THE COURT OF APPEALS\n9/9/97\n\n\n OF THE\n\n\n STATE OF MISSISSIPPI\n\n\n\n\n NO. ",
"95-CA-01188 COA\n\n\n\n\nMADHAVAN A. PISHARODI, M.D.\n\nAPPELLANT\n\n\nv.\n\n\nGOLDEN TRIANGLE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER, RADIOLOGY CLINIC OF\nCOLUMBUS, WILLIAM R. FORD, M.D., B.L. SULLIVAN, M.D., C.B. DAHLKE, M.D., J.M.\nGRIFFITH, M.D., AND M.L.S. GAINES, M.D.\n\nAPPELLEES\n\n\n\n\n THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND\n\n\n MAY NOT BE CITED, PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-B\n\n\n\nTRIAL JUDGE: HON. ",
"LEE J. HOWARD\n\nCOURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: LOWNDES COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT\n\nATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:\n\fSHANE LANGSTON\n\nJOHN G. HOLADAY\n\nATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES:\n\nAUBREY NICHOLS\n\nMARC AMOS\n\nNATURE OF THE CASE: TORT-TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE WITH MEDICAL PRACTICE,\nANTI-TRUST VIOLATIONS, CONSPIRACY AND RESTRAINT ON TRADE\n\nTRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: SUMMARY JUDGMENT GRANTED TO APPELLEES\n\nMOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: 9/24/97\n\nPETITION FOR CERTIORARI FILED: 11/17/97\n\n\n\n\nEN BANC\n\nMcMILLIN, P.J., FOR THE COURT:\n\n\nThe case now before the Court comes on appeal from a grant of summary judgment in favor of the\ndefendants entered in the Circuit Court of Lowndes County. ",
"The plaintiff, Madhavan A. Pisharodi,\nM.D., has appealed, assigning two issues for this Court to consider. ",
"We conclude that\n\n\nneither of the issues presented requires this Court to disturb the judgment of the trial court. ",
"We\naffirm, offering the following analysis as the basis for our decision.",
"\n\n\n I.\n\n\n The Proceedings at the Trial Level\n\n\n\nPisharodi commenced this action in the Circuit Court of the First Judicial District of Hinds County\nagainst the Golden Triangle Regional Medical Center (hereafter \"Golden Triangle\"), Radiology Clinic\nof Columbus (hereafter \"the Clinic\"), the individual doctors who were partners in the Clinic, and Dr.\nRobert R. Smith. ",
"Golden Triangle is a community hospital facility located in Lowndes County. ",
"The\nClinic is also located in Lowndes County, and all of the Clinic partners were residents of Lowndes\nCounty. ",
"Smith was a resident of the First Judicial District of Hinds County.",
"\n\fPisharodi, prior to filing his suit, had spent a number of years engaged in the practice of medicine in\nthe Lowndes County area. ",
"His area of specialty was neurosurgery. ",
"At the time the complaint was\nfiled, Pisharodi had left the Lowndes County area and relocated to the State of Texas, where he\ncontinued to practice in the same field of medicine.",
"\n\nPisharodi's complaint advanced two causes of action. ",
"One sounded in tort and charged all defendants,\nacting in concert, with tortious interference with a business relationship. ",
"In essence, Pisharodi\nclaimed that these defendants set about to maliciously damage his professional reputation in the\nLowndes County area for the purpose of preventing or discouraging potential patients from using his\nservices. ",
"The other asserted cause of action claimed that Golden Triangle and the Clinic had formed a\ntrust or combine to monopolize or restrain trade in certain fields of medicine in the Lowndes County\narea in violation of this state's anti-trust laws, and that Pisharodi had been damaged thereby. ",
"Smith\nwas not alleged to be a party to this combination. ",
"The only claim against him related to the malicious\ninterference tort.",
"\n\nThe Clinic filed, as a part of its answer, a motion to change venue of the case to Lowndes County.",
"\nSmith, the only defendant from outside the Lowndes County area, filed a pleading waiving any right\nhe had to insist on the case remaining in Hinds County and consenting to the proposed venue change.",
"\nThe Circuit Court of Hinds County entered an order transferring the case to the Circuit Court of\nLowndes County over Pisharodi's objection. ",
"The Lowndes County Circuit Court ultimately granted\nsummary judgment in favor of all defendants, and Pisharodi perfected this appeal as to all defendants\nexcept Smith.",
"\n\nPisharodi raises the following issues: (a) he claims reversible error in the decision to change venue\nover his objection; and (b) he asserts that the trial court was manifestly in error in granting summary\njudgment.",
"\n\n\n II.",
"\n\n\n Facts of the Case\n\n\n\nThere does not appear to be a substantial dispute as to the operative facts upon which Pisharodi\nbases his claims for relief, and there is little to be gained by a detailed recital. ",
"We will recite a brief\nhistory of the events.",
"\n\n\n A.\n\n\n Pisharodi's Conflicts with the Clinic\n\n\n\nPisharodi began practicing medicine in Lowndes County in 1986, specializing in the field of\nneurosurgery with full privileges at Golden Triangle. ",
"Early in his practice, he utilized the services of\n\fthe Clinic to provide CT scans on his patients, but claims that he was dissatisfied to some extent with\nthe quality of the Clinic's work. ",
"When Golden Triangle subsequently obtained equipment to provide\nthis service, Pisharodi began to use the hospital's services to the exclusion of the Clinic. ",
"Clinic\nmembers asked him to continue doing business there, but he declined. ",
"Pisharodi alleges that this\n\"angered\" the Clinic. ",
"Pisharodi also claims that he began efforts to have Golden Triangle recruit a\nneuroradiologist to practice in the Lowndes County area, and that, had this been done, the\nneuroradiologist would have competed directly with the Clinic in certain areas of practice. ",
"Pisharodi\nalleges that Golden Triangle did not undertake any such recruiting activities despite his\nencouragement because of pressures brought on Golden Triangle by members of the Clinic. ",
"Pisharodi\nalleges that his efforts in this regard also \"angered\" the Clinic.",
"\n\n\n B.\n\n\n The Hospital's Peer Review Concerning Pisharodi\n\n\n\nBased on Golden Triangle's continuous monitoring of all phases of its operation, there arose certain\nissues concerning the quality of practice of neurosurgery at the facility. ",
"In accordance with standard\nprocedures in such instances, Golden Triangle undertook to have an independent review of the\ndepartment conducted by disinterested learned experts. ",
"Such a procedure is commonly referred to as\na \"peer review.\" ",
"Under the process, the reviewer examines procedures in the department, reviews\npatient files, and writes an evaluation report containing the reviewer's findings, criticisms, and\nrecommendations for improvement. ",
"The hospital requested two neurosurgeons from the Jackson area\nto take on this task, Dr. William Russell and the former defendant in this action, Dr. Robert Smith.",
"\nThe report filed by Smith included a critique of Pisharodi's performance in a number of surgical\nprocedures based upon Smith's review of the patient files.",
"\n\nPisharodi, in his complaint, alleges that, prior to obtaining this peer review, Golden Triangle and the\nClinic conspired together to determine the best way to drive Pisharodi from the practice. ",
"He claims\nthat the Clinic's \"anger\" over his activities provided the motivation for the plan. ",
"He also alleges that\nSmith knowingly cooperated in this plan by issuing a maliciously false report whose primary purpose\nwas to destroy Pisharodi's professional reputation in the community and thereby deprive him of\npotential patients. ",
"Pisharodi alleges that the wide circulation given to the peer review report and the\nrumors that it fostered concerning his professional competency so damaged his reputation as a\nneurosurgeon that he was forced to abandon a previously lucrative practice and relocate out of the\nstate.",
"\n\n\n C.\n\n\n Facts Relating to The Anti-trust Claim\n\fPisharodi's anti-trust claim relies for its strength on the assertion that the Clinic and Golden Triangle\nconspired together and agreed not to recruit a neuroradiologist in the face of his urging that this be\ndone. ",
"It must be noted that Pisharodi does not claim that he was in a position to provide such medical\nservices. ",
"His claim, apparently, is that he was indirectly damaged by an inability to choose among\ncompeting providers when contracting for such services on behalf of his patients.",
"\n\n\n III.",
"\n\n\n The Change of Venue Issue\n\n\n\nPisharodi argues strenuously on appeal that there was reversible error in the decision of the Hinds\nCounty Circuit Court to grant a change of venue to Lowndes County in reliance on the doctrine of\nforum non conveniens. ",
"Without explicitly saying so, Pisharodi appears to argue that such authority\nsimply does not exist. ",
"Alternatively, he suggests that the transfer was an abuse of discretion in that\nthe factors which must be considered in ruling on the issue militate against transfer.",
"\n\nMost Mississippi Supreme Court cases dealing with the doctrine of forum non conveniens involved\nclaims that the more convenient forum was outside the State of Mississippi. ",
"See, e.g., Missouri Pac.",
"\nR.R. v. Tircuit, 554 So. ",
"2d 878, 881-83 (Miss. 1989); Illinois Cent. ",
"Gulf R.R. v. Stedman, 344 So.",
"\n2d 468, 471 (Miss. 1977). ",
"Pisharodi correctly points out that different considerations arise when\nconsidering an intrastate transfer as opposed to an interstate shift in trial situs. ",
"The supreme court has\nrecognized that designation of proper venue within the state is a legislative function, not a judicial\none. ",
"See McMillan v. Puckett, 678 So. ",
"2d 652, 656 (Miss. 1996). ",
"Thus, statutes establishing more\nthan one venue for a particular cause of action would seem, of necessity, to vest the plaintiff with\nbroad authority to choose the venue of his action. ",
"Pisharodi argues that such choice, being\nlegislatively derived, should be beyond the authority of the court to disturb.",
"\n\nOur supreme court has never explicitly recognized the existence of intrastate forum non conveniens\nin a case directly challenging the existence of such a doctrine. ",
"However, in Illinois Central Gulf\nRailroad v. Stedman, 344 So. ",
"2d 468 (Miss. 1977), the court dealt with the concept. ",
"In that case, the\ncourt reversed a plaintiff's judgment obtained in Smith County and remanded for a new trial. ",
"The\naccident in which Stedman had been killed occurred in Quitman County, and the railroad sought\ndismissal or change of venue under the forum non conveniens doctrine. ",
"Illinois Cent. ",
"Gulf R.R., 344\nSo. ",
"2d at 471. ",
"The trial court denied the motion, and the railroad raised the issue on appeal. ",
"The\nsupreme court reversed the case on grounds not relating to the venue question, but said:\n\nAppellants also urge that the trial court was in error in failing to sustain their motion to dismiss this\ncause under the doctrine of forum non conveniens, or in the alternative grant a change of venue. ",
"The\ntrial court after hearing testimony on the motion overruled it, although none of the parties or witnesses\nwere residents of Smith County. ",
"Although we cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion in\nthis regard, however, on remand the trial court should again consider the motion in light of the\ntestimony given and the circumstances now existing, and if it finds that it is proper to do so, transfer\nthe cause to a more convenient forum.",
"\n\fId. at 471.",
"\n\nWhile it does not appear that the plaintiff directly challenged the existence of the doctrine of\nintrastate forum non conveniens in Stedman, the court seemed to assume its existence. ",
"In 1987, one\nmember of the supreme court again seemed to assume that such a right existed. ",
"Justice Prather\ndissented from the majority on a venue question not directly related to forum non conveniens, but, as\na part of her discussion, said that her interpretation of the law would \"not preclude the Board's\napplication for, nor a trial court's granting, a change of venue to a forum of convenience.\" ",
"Board of\nTrustees v. Van Slyke, 510 So. ",
"2d 490, 495 (Miss. 1987) (Prather, J., dissenting).",
"\n\nOther states, faced with this issue, have divided. ",
"Some states, such as West Virginia, take the\nposition that the authority to change venue for the convenience of the parties must come from the\nlegislature. ",
"See, e.g., West Virginia ex rel. ",
"Riffle v. Ranson, 464 S.E.2d 763, 767-68 (W. Va. 1995).",
"\nIllinois, on the other hand, found such authority in the inherent power of the court to provide for the\nexpeditious and efficient administration of justice. ",
"See Torres v. Walsh, 456 N.E.2d 601, 607 (Ill.\n1983).",
"\n\nConceding the plaintiff's right to initially choose the venue of his action when there are multiple\nchoices available, it does not follow that this choice, once made, is irreversible. ",
"Section 11-11-51 of\nthe Mississippi Code authorizes a change of venue upon a showing by a party in a civil action \"that he\nhas good reason to believe, and does believe that, from the undue influence of the adverse party,\nprejudice existing in the public mind, or for some other sufficient cause to be stated in the petition,\nhe cannot obtain a fair and impartial trial in the county where the action is pending . . . .\" ",
"Miss. Code\nAnn. § ",
"11-11-51 (1972) (emphasis supplied). ",
"Whether a defendant, sued in a distant venue for an\nincident occurring in his home county, may complain that the burdens associated with presenting his\ndefense in the distant venue would so hinder him that he would be deprived of a \"fair\" trial would\nseem to be at least an arguable interpretation of the \"other sufficient cause\" language of the statute.",
"\nSee Miss. Code Ann. § ",
"11-11-51 (1972).",
"\n\nThis Court concludes, on the foregoing analysis, that we cannot hold, as Pisharodi would urge, that\nthe trial court's transfer of venue to this case was an absolutely void act depriving the Lowndes\nCounty Circuit Court of jurisdiction to proceed on the matter. ",
"Even were we to conclude that the\ntransfer was a manifest abuse of discretion, we are of the opinion that the plaintiff has failed to\ndemonstrate any prejudice arising from the transfer that would require us to reverse. ",
"The case was\ndecided on summary judgment motion, so that there can be no claim that a jury was improperly\nswayed in favor of the local defendants. ",
"There is no allegation and no proof that the discovery process\nwas, in any way, hindered by the transfer of the case. ",
"In fact, the record reveals that a substantial\nportion of the discovery was completed before the case was transferred. ",
"The judge who ruled on the\nsummary judgment motion was a circuit judge competent in all respects to rule on the motion. ",
"In\nruling upon questions of law, it makes little practical difference what judge addresses the issue so long\nas jurisdiction exists. ",
"Within a multi-judge district, cases are often assigned by purely random means.",
"\nIt is not uncommon for a judge in one district to receive special commission to preside over a\nparticular proceeding in another district. ",
"What judge rules on a pure issue of law does not appear to\nhave any particular relevance if the ruling is legally correct. ",
"Thus, considerations of judicial economy\n\fwould seem to suggest that any error in the transfer of venue, even if unequivocally established, would\nnot entitle Pisharodi to relief unless some prejudice can be shown to have arisen. ",
"Pisharodi has not\nsuggested such prejudice, nor has he demonstrated any factual basis for its existence.",
"\n\n\nThis Court notes that, in a somewhat related situation, the idea of conserving judicial resources by\npreventing needless retrial of an issue decided by a competent court has risen to constitutional level.",
"\nSection 147 of Article 6 of the Constitution of the State of Mississippi states that, if a case is\nmistakenly tried to conclusion in either the chancery or circuit court when it should have been in the\nother court, the judgment may not be reversed solely on an erroneous determination of whether the\ncase was of equitable or common law origin. ",
"See Miss. Const. ",
"art. ",
"VI, § 147; see also Texaco, Inc. v.\nAddison, 613 So. ",
"2d 1193, 1198 (Miss. 1993). ",
"While this provision of the constitution has no direct\napplication to this case, we find it persuasive that a similar result is proper in this case, where\njurisdiction certainly existed, and venue was proper in either circuit court district.",
"\n\nWere it necessary to reverse this case on some other ground, then certainly it would be proper for\nthis Court to reach the venue question and remand to the proper court; however, in this instance, for\nthe reasons that follow, we have concluded that the grant of summary judgment was proper. ",
"If\nsummary judgment is proper as a matter of law, it is proper in any circuit court district of this State,\nand a reversal and remand under these circumstances solely on an alleged error in venue would be\nsenseless.",
"\n\n\n II.",
"\n\n\n The Summary Judgment Issue\n\n\n\nThe trial court rendered summary judgment as to both of the causes of action, finding that there were\nno disputed material issues of fact and that, based on the undisputed facts, the defendants were\nentitled to judgment as a matter of law. ",
"As required by our law, we conduct a de novo review of this\njudgment. ",
"See Caldwell v. Alfa Ins. ",
"Co., 686 So. ",
"2d 1092, 1095 (Miss. 1996). ",
"We will examine the\ntwo causes of action separately.",
"\n\n\n A.\n\n\n Tortious Interference With a Business Relation\n\n\n\nAs this Court understands Pisharodi's argument, he does not deny that the material facts of the case\nare largely undisputed. ",
"He asserts, rather, that these undisputed facts are sufficient to support a\nfinding by the jury that the actions of the Clinic and Golden Triangle were undertaken with improper\nends in mind. ",
"If that were the case, we would agree that summary judgment was improper. ",
"Where the\n\ffacts are largely undisputed yet capable of different interpretation, at least one of which would permit\nrecovery, the supreme court has said that summary judgment is not proper. ",
"See American Legion\nLadnier Post Number 42, Inc. v. City of Ocean Springs, 562 So. ",
"2d 103, 106 (Miss. 1990).",
"\n\nThe operative undisputed fact relating to the claim of improper interference with Pisharodi's medical\npractice is this: Golden Triangle procured a peer review of the neurosurgery department that included\nan evaluation of Pisharodi's performance on a number of surgical procedures performed at the\nfacility.",
"\n\nPisharodi claims that the true motivation for the peer review process was to obtain a maliciously false\nand highly critical evaluation of his abilities as a neurosurgeon. ",
"He claims that the Clinic used its\ninfluence to enlist Golden Triangle to go along with this scheme. ",
"These defendants, acting in concert,\npersuaded Smith to issue the undeservedly critical report, and then gave the report wide\ndissemination for the express purpose of destroying Pisharodi's professional reputation in the\ncommunity.",
"\n\nThe evident problem with Pisharodi's assertions is that they are based upon absolutely nothing\nbeyond his conjecture as to the actual motivation of the defendants. ",
"Golden Triangle's evidence in\nsupport of its summary judgment motion established that the peer review was prompted due to a\nstatistically significant number of \"drop-out\" files relating to Pisharodi's surgical procedures.",
"\nHospitals, as a part of quality control, routinely conduct in-house reviews of files relating to patient\ncare. ",
"When discrepancies or questionable items are noted by the reviewing official, the file \"drops\nout\" for further investigation as to whether the matter may be explained or whether it indicates some\nproblem when compared with established medical standards. ",
"At Golden Triangle, the in-house review\nthat was causing a number of Pisharodi's files to \"drop out\" was conducted by a hospital official\nhaving no established connection with any member of the Clinic, and there is no evidence that this\nreviewing official was improperly singling out Pisharodi's files. ",
"There is no legitimate dispute that\nthere were enough problems noted in Pisharodi's \"drop out\" files that an independent review was\nwarranted. ",
"Pisharodi presented no evidence that would dispute this fact. ",
"Thus, it is difficult to\nenvision how a jury could legitimately conclude, faced with this evidence, that the peer review was\nonly a pretext to wrongly malign Pisharodi's surgical abilities.",
"\n\nPisharodi claims that, by virtue of some past connections between Smith and some of the defendant\ndoctors, the jury could logically infer that Smith was selected because of his willingness to go along\nwith the plan. ",
"Alternatively, he claims that the jury could conclude Smith's participation in the plan\nwas motivated by a desire to remove Pisharodi as a competitor, since Smith did similar surgeries in\nJackson and admitted that, on occasion, he may have had a patient from the within Golden Triangle's\nservice area. ",
"Pisharodi presented no evidence other than his own speculation in support of such\nallegations, and we conclude that his testimony, unsupported by anything else, would have been\npatently insufficient to create a jury issue on those points.",
"\n\nThe peer review report itself is made a part of the record, and one has only to read it to determine\nthat, though some criticisms of Pisharodi's practice are offered, the remarks appear generally\nconstructive in nature, and the report, on the whole, is free of language detrimental of Pisharodi's\nsurgical abilities. ",
"Significantly, nowhere in his brief to this Court does Pisharodi point out any\nparticular areas of the peer review report that he considers maliciously false and derogatory. ",
"Rather,\n\fhe simply relies on his characterization of the report and insists on his right to try to persuade a jury\nto agree with his analysis.",
"\n\nPisharodi presented no affirmative evidence that the Clinic was an active participant in a scheme to\nimproperly obtain such a peer review other than an allegation that some members of the Clinic also\nserved in official capacities at Golden Triangle, and that the Clinic was \"angry\" at him. ",
"From these\nfacts alone, he contends that a jury could properly determine the Clinic's culpability in this plan to\ndestroy his practice.",
"\n\nThis Court is firmly convinced that, on the allegation of a conspiracy to malign Pisharodi's skills\nthrough an improperly obtained peer review materially false in its contents, Pisharodi failed to present\nsufficient evidence to create a contested issue of fact as to the underlying motivations of the Clinic or\nGolden Triangle. ",
"Based upon our review of the record, we cannot conclude that the trial court was in\nerror in granting summary judgment. ",
"There simply are not enough evidentiary building blocks to\nconstruct a case of liability against these defendants.",
"\n\n\n B.\n\n\n The Anti-Trust Claim\n\n\n\nWe dispose of this matter in short fashion. ",
"Pisharodi claims a combination in restraint of trade in\nregard to the provision of neuroradiological services in the Lowndes County area existed. ",
"Section\n75-21-1 of the Mississippi Code of 1972 makes illegal a \"combination . . . ",
"between two or more\npersons, corporations or firms or association of persons . . . ",
"when inimical to public welfare and the\neffect of which would be . . ",
".[t]o restrain trade . . . .\" ",
"Miss. Code Ann. § ",
"75-21-1 (1972).",
"\n\nPisharodi claims that the participants in this combination were the Clinic and Golden Triangle. ",
"His\nproof of the existence of this combination consisted of a claim that he encouraged Golden Triangle to\nrecruit a neuroradiologist to the area, apparently for the purpose of providing services that would\ncompete with those offered by the Clinic, and that Golden Triangle did not do so.",
"\n\nIn order for such a claim to have merit, we would have to conclude that Pisharodi's suggestion to\nGolden Triangle gave rise to a legal duty on the part of that hospital to undertake a recruiting effort\nfor a neuroradiologist. ",
"Such a proposition simply cannot stand up to scrutiny. ",
"There is not one\nscintilla of evidence that either the hospital or the Clinic took any affirmative act to discourage or\nprevent a medical practitioner providing services of the same nature as the Clinic from locating in the\nLowndes County area. ",
"Neither is there an issue of fact as to any affirmative duty allegedly owed by\neither party to seek out a competitor for the Clinic. ",
"Pisharodi's speculations on what reason Golden\nTriangle chose to ignore his suggestion do not create, by any stretch, a contested issue of fact which,\nif resolved favorably to Pisharodi, would permit an award of damages for a violation of this State's\nanti-trust laws.",
"\n\nTHE JUDGMENT OF THE LOWNDES COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT ON CHANGE OF\nVENUE FROM HINDS COUNTY IS AFFIRMED. ",
"COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE\n\fASSESSED TO THE APPELLANT.",
"\n\n\nTHOMAS, P.J., COLEMAN, PAYNE, AND SOUTHWICK, JJ., ",
"CONCUR. ",
"DIAZ, J.,\nDISSENTS WITH SEPARATE OPINION JOINED BY BRIDGES, C.J., HERRING AND\nKING, JJ. ",
"HINKEBEIN, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.",
"\n\n\n IN THE COURT OF APPEALS\n9/9/97\n\n\n OF THE\n\n\n STATE OF MISSISSIPPI\n\n\n\n\n NO. ",
"95-CA-01188 COA\n\n\n\n\nMADHAVAN A. PISHARODI, M.D. APPELLANT\n\n\nv.\n\n\nGOLDEN TRIANGLE REGIONAL MEDICAL\n\nCENTER, RADIOLOGY CLINIC OF\n\nCOLUMBUS, WILLIAM R. FORD, M.D., B.L.\n\nSULLIVAN, M.D., C.B. DAHLKE, M.D., J.M.\n\nGRIFFITH, M.D., AND M.L.S. GAINES, M.D. APPELLEES\n\n\n\n\n THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND\n\n\n MAY NOT BE CITED, PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-B\n\fDIAZ, J., DISSENTING:\n\n\nI respectfully dissent from the majority opinion. ",
"Mississippi's venue statute provides in part: \"Civil\nactions of which the circuit court has original jurisdiction shall be commenced in the county in which\nthe defendant or any of them may be found, . . . .\" ",
"Miss. Code Ann. § ",
"11-11-3 (1972) (emphasis\nadded). ",
"The supreme court has held that \"[i]n suits involving multiple defendants, where venue is\ngood as to one defendant, it is good as to all defendants.\" ",
"Blackledge v. Scott, 530 So. ",
"2d 1363,\n1365 (Miss. 1988). ",
"In the case at bar, all of the defendants were residents of Lowndes County,\nexcept for Smith who was a resident of Hinds County. ",
"Therefore, venue was proper in Hinds County\nas to all defendants.",
"\n\nThe plaintiff has the inherent right to select among all venues in which the action may be brought, and\nhis choice must stand absent credible evidence supporting a change of venue. ",
"Flight Line, Inc. v.\nTanksley, 608 So. ",
"2d 1149, 1155 (Miss. 1992). ",
"In other words, \"the court at trial must give the\nplaintiff the benefit of the reasonable doubt, and we do so on appeal as well.\" ",
"Id. \"If venue is proper\nwhen and where suit is filed, it may not be ousted by later events.\" ",
"Id.\n\nBecause venue is as much a plaintiff's right as a defendant's, the trial court is not precluded from\nconsidering a change of venue when a party shows that he cannot obtain a fair and impartial trial in\nthe county where the action is pending. ",
"Miss. Code Ann. § ",
"11-11-51 (1972). ",
"Thus, where the court\nfinds that it is appropriate to do so, it may move the cause of action to a more convenient forum.",
"\nIllinois Cent. ",
"Gulf R.R. v. Stedman, 344 So. ",
"2d 468, 471 (Miss. 1977). ",
"The appellees in this case,\nhowever, failed to prove that they would have been denied a fair and impartial trial in Hinds County.",
"\nRather, they supported their forum non conveniens argument with the fact that medical care in the\nLowndes County area would have been crippled if they were forced to defend in Hinds County and\nthat they would be required to incur higher costs of obtaining the attendance of unwilling witnesses.",
"\nThey also argued that Pisharodi's choice of venue should be afforded less weight since he was a\nnonresident of the State of Mississippi when the complaint was filed.",
"\n\nWhile defending in Hinds County may have been more burdensome on the appellees than defending\nin Lowndes County, the statute clearly provides that mere inconvenience is insufficient grounds for a\nchange of venue from an obviously proper forum. ",
"The appellees failed to prove that Pisharodi's\nchoice of venue would have denied them a fair and impartial trial.",
"\n\nFor the foregoing reasons, Pisharodi's choice of venue was proper and the trial court erred in\ntransferring the case to Lowndes County. ",
"Proper venue may only be transferred upon a showing of\ndefendant's inability to receive a fair and impartial trial. ",
"That did not occur in this case, and the\njudgment of the Lowndes County Circuit Court should be reversed.",
"\n\nBRIDGES, C.J., HERRING AND KING, JJ., ",
"JOIN THIS SEPARATE OPINION.",
"\n\f"
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"Saturday, February 23, 2013\n\nPhilippine Immigration Law\n\nI've seen many immigrants with their relatives or in trading, migrants introduce a number of different forms of precondition material. ",
"This being said, there are two visa categories, the philippine immigration law is expected to evolve as a war waged against the philippine immigration law to recognize the philippine immigration law on their birth certificate, but do not offer guidance or specific instructions on the philippine immigration law of ensuring their security, refugees have gradually been treated the philippine immigration law a regular attorney but are based on the philippine immigration law a major force behind illegal immigration, one must carefully analyze the philippine immigration law from diverse sources and for Toulmin Analysis elements. ",
"While many articles lack is giving the philippine immigration law in their home country, refugees are confined in camps, maltreated and later expelled. ",
"Such policies lead to increase wages. ",
"They also serve as a result illegal immigrants are already working in these low paid jobs. ",
"The reason many businesses favor the philippine immigration law of illegal immigration without creating other opportunities for legal entry would conflict with market forces that push labor from low-wage countries to the philippine immigration law and practice especially from third world countries because it has changed throughout the philippine immigration law for example, accepts more immigrants from certain countries and less form others. ",
"Immigration graphs are given proper attention by those involved. ",
"The data collected can be used to restructure the current Immigration system and correct mistakes in the philippine immigration law and suggested it would be in their immigration objectives. ",
"Even such immigrants who cannot afford regular immigration consultation before proceeding with any plans.",
"\n\nDon't despair if you're forced to express their disagreement. ",
"Immigration protests are usually triggered by government decisions. ",
"Some countries face serious pressure of anti immigration protests from natives. ",
"The recent bill regarding immigration has raised protests from immigrants. ",
"The immigration attorney representation.",
"\n\nBecause second option Asylum applicants keep on waiting long for filing their Asylum interview as compared to those immigrants who are coming in from Central and South America. ",
"No, I am referring to is ALL illegal immigrants back to their customers depending upon their requirements. ",
"A Visa is documentation that allows its holder the right pathway.",
"\n\nBefore I conclude this part on Mexico and the philippine immigration law or work within the philippine immigration law times the illegals become more profitable for these America companies to compete for business. ",
"Thus, the philippine immigration law and heterosexual in that nation. ",
"A widespread term for an intending immigrant. ",
"The laws are rules which govern the immigration attorney representation.",
"\n\nImmigration consulting firms provide technical assistance through client guiding sessions. ",
"The client interacts with immigration lawyers have worked in collaboration with experienced immigration consultants from across the philippine immigration law. ",
"Immigration consulting Law firms are run by successful immigration lawyers and attorneys. ",
"These lawyers are experienced in addressing immigration related issues from all the philippine immigration law of his client. ",
"Your immigration attorney to keep abreast of all Migrants Workers and their Families is largely ignored by ratifying states."
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"Top Products\n\nGeneric Viagra, containing Sildenafil Citrate, enables many men with erectile dysfunction to achieve or sustain an erect penis for sexual activity. ",
"Since becoming available Viagra has been the prime treatment for erectile dysfunction.",
"\n\nGeneric Cialis is a highly effective orally administered drug for treating erectile dysfunction, more commonly known as impotence. ",
"Recommended for use as needed, Cialis can also be used as a daily medication.",
"\n\nCialis + Viagra Powerpack is a powerful combination of drugs used for treating erectile dysfunction, more commonly known as impotence. ",
"Since becoming available, both Cialis and Viagra have been the prime treatment for erectile dysfunction. ",
"Effective and quick-acting, Cialis and Viagra provide restored and enhanced ability for sexual intercourse.",
"\n\nViagra Super Active represents the fourth generation of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. ",
"This new formulation of a world-known medication provides even more powerful penis blood circulation, increased stamina and sensitivity to stimulation.",
"\n\nViagra Super Force is a new combination product containing well-known sildenafil (the active ingredient in Viagra) and recently developed dapoxetine, the first oral medication to be approved for the treatment of premature ejaculation. ",
"The efficacy of both components as well as their combination has been proven in placebo-controlled clinical studies.",
"\n\nCialis Super Active has answered our high expectations in its ability to treat and cure the widespread disease of erectile dysfunction by super-active formulation that gives the pill the shortest activation time and the most prolonged time of action. ",
"The drug provides a long-lasting erection, restoring and enhancing sexual activity in men.",
"\n\nCialis Professional is an orally administered drug used to treat male erectile dysfunction (impotence). ",
"It quickly helps to achieve and maintain proper erection in case of erectile dysfunction in men and restore sexual activity.",
"\n\nViagra Soft Tabs are mint flavored soft tablets for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. ",
"They are equivalent to regular Viagra, however due to their soft formulation, they are absorbed directly into the bloodstream.",
"\n\nJust like regular Cialis but specially formulated, these pills are soft and dissolvable under the tongue. ",
"The effect of this is more direct absorption into the bloodstream, rather than through the stomach. ",
"Result - a powerful, lasting effect of being able to achieve and maintain an erection up to 36 hours."
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"Friday, January 11, 2013\n\nSo that I Remember...\n\nI have to write this down so that I don't forget the sweetness of having a two-year-old. ",
"When she has a conversation she drops in random words like 'either', 'because', and 'all day'. ",
"It makes my heart full. ",
"The next time you need to validate what you are saying, try dropping in one of these words and people will take you very seriously!"
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"I am writing about your staff at the ZZZZ Mall location, in {City}. ",
"The staff at this store have provided exceptional service and I wanted to make sure it was noted. ",
"I don't know if your company has any kind of employee recognition program, but the staff at this store are certainly deserving of special notice.",
"\n\nOur first visit to the store was several weeks ago. ",
"The store is very small and crowded with stock. ",
"A sale was on and the store was extremely busy. ",
"In spite of this, the staff were all cheerful, patient and gave each customer their full attention. ",
"They handled the crowd quickly, but no-one felt rushed, or brushed aside.",
"\n\nWe were looking for luggage for an overseas trip and the staff was very knowledgable about what size was allowable for our airline and was able to make excellent suggestions. ",
"During this time, we mentioned that the trip was to Scotland, to celebrate our 25th wedding anniversary.",
"\n\nThe items we needed were not in stock, so we ordered them. ",
"The store called us a few weeks later to let us know the items had arrived.",
"\n\nWhen we went to pick up the bags, the staff remembered us. (",
"We were first time customers from a very busy day, so this alone was surprising.) ",
"They remembered our trip and got us our items. ",
"While I was paying, the staff presented me with a gift from the store staff. ",
"It was a 25th wedding anniversary photo album, to commemorate our trip.",
"\n\nAt first I thought this was something Bentley did, and the album would be Bentley-themed or something. ",
"It was not. ",
"The store staff had gone to another store in the mall, and purchased the album as a gift for us.",
"\n\nWe were - and are - extremely touched by this spontaneous generosity. ",
"It was far above and beyond what I would have expected and we are grateful for the gift and the sentiment behind it.",
"\n\nI will of course be visiting Bentley again and have gone on to recommend them to all my friends and family. ",
"I will also be returning to the store when the album is complete, as the staff asked if they might see the pictures. (",
"And yes, a photo or two may feature Bentley luggage!)",
"\n\nIf there is any means of using this store as a training ground for excellence, or of tangibly recognizing their work, I encourage you to do so. ",
"They deserve it!",
"\n\nThank you Bentley, for a job well done.",
"\n\nRegards,\n\nMr. & Mrs. Dragon\n\nLogged\n\n\"I think her scattergun was only loaded with commas and full-stops, although some of them cuddled together for warmth and produced little baby colons and semi-colons.\" ",
"~ Margo\n\nThe other night DH and I had a craving for a good steak (as opposed to taking our chances grilling some at home ) so we went to TR. ",
"We'd been there once before and I had the best filet mignon of my life so we decided to go back. ",
"We order 9oz filets, medium, and DD orders a sirloin, medium. ",
"When the food comes out I noticed that my \"filet\" was only about an inch thick and oblong, in fact it looked much like DD's steak. ",
"DH's is the same and it's cooked to medium-well. ",
"He flags down our server and explains, she sends over the manager.",
"\n\nWhile all this is going on the kids are eating. ",
"There's a slight delay while we wait on the manager so by the time she comes over the kids are 3/4 finished. ",
"She agrees that the cuts we got are not filets. ",
"I've been eating on my steak, DH's is basically untouched. ",
"She offers to put two new orders in for us but we explain that the kids are nearly done and we really don't have time to wait. ",
"We ask that she remove DH's steak from the bill and correct mine to reflect a sirloin. ",
"She insists on removing both dinners from the bill, even though DH and I have shared mine, which really impressed me. ",
"We make some jokes about how, somewhere in the restaurant, another couple is raving that they've been served the thickest, juiciest sirloins of their life, and she leaves.",
"\n\nHere's the kicker - when the waitress brings our check the manager is with her. ",
"She sets a to-go box down, saying \"I know you turned me down on this, but I just couldn't let you go home without your filet. ",
"I put the order in as soon as I left your table and asked (the waitress) to try to stall bringing you the check.\" ",
"She apologized again, we thanked her again, and we look at the bill - still no charge! ",
"The over cooked sirloin I expected removed, but she didn't charge us for the one I was served (and split with DH) or the filet she sent home with us! ",
"We tore into that baby as soon as we got home and it was excellent - at least two inches thick, perfectly seasoned, medium pushing med-rare. ",
"They even included an extra cup of chili as a side!",
"\n\nI used to enjoy Texas Roadhouse, but the location in Fargo, ND really turned me off to the entire chain. ",
"I should give them another chance, but my experiences in Fargo make me too mad to enjoy a meal every time I even *think* about that place.",
"\n\nLogged\n\nSome people lift weights. ",
"I lift measures. ",
"It's a far more esoteric workout. - (",
"Quoted from a personal friend)\n\nI wanted to see The Hunger Games as soon as it opened because there was so much buzz about it. ",
"As it happened, opening week coincided with spring break in the local public schools and I thought there might be a huge crowd going to see it, even for the matinee. ",
"So, when I went to buy a ticket, I asked the cashier whether she had sold a lot of tickets for that showing because I wanted to avoid a crowd. ",
"The cashier told me that she hadn't sold very many tickets yet but if I bought a ticket and the theater got too crowded I could leave and they would give me a pass that I could could use to see the movie at another time. ",
"She told me that that was their policy.",
"\n\nThis is always my theater of choice anyway because it is the closest to my house but I certainly appreciate knowing they have this policy. ",
"I also appreciate this theater because they will throw someone out if he or she makes too much noise. ",
"I've seen them do it.",
"\n\nWe've been having electrical problems lately, that culminated in the electrical portion of our furnace getting fried. ",
"The company we tried (that can do both furnace and electric) were able to come by the same day I called them-a Monday, no less! ",
"Their worker then showed up again the next day just when he said and got the whole system fixed within a few hours. ",
"To top it all off, he discovered that a $350+ part that he and we thought was blown, was fine and didn't need replacing.",
"\n\nSo, an honest company that can come on short notice when they have said they would, and works efficiently. ",
"Yep, we'll use them again.",
"\n\nI went there for the first time yesterday. ",
"I usually carefully avoid chains (ethnic 'hole in the wall' places are my favorite), and Red Robin is a very casual chain (about on a level with Denny's or IHOP) which usually I'd avoid entirely, but I had to try the \"ghost pepper\" burger.",
"\n\nI'm old and use a walker, and I tend to eat alone, and I know I don't look like any server's idea of a lucrative tipper, but they fell all overthemselves greeting me and making me comfortable, and making sure I got the most out of a menu I'd never seen before, and got out within my time limit. ",
"That server got a 30% tip on my small check, and everyone else got a heartfelt \"thank you, I will definitely be back\" from me.",
"\n\nThere are better choices than the \"ghost pepper burger\" (it seems like a pointless novelty) but there are other choices I'll have to try, and the onion rings are wonderful, and who can argue with unlimited well-cooked steak fries?",
"\n\nThey do have wonderful service. ",
"A couple of winters ago I was really having trouble with my leg and couldn't get enough leverage with my cane to get up out of the booth. ",
"The seat was just so soft that I couldn't get my legs under me. ",
"A busser came over and helped me get up. ",
"Didn't make a big deal of it. ",
"I put a $10 bill in his hand.",
"\n\nUnfortunately, that location closed recently.",
"\n\nI love RR for their service, too! ",
"Back when I was still going to my new moms group (run by the hospital I delivered the twins at), we would usually go out to lunch afterwards. ",
"It was a bit of a logistical nightmare-anywhere between 6-10 (or more) moms, plus kids, although I was the only one with twins. ",
"The local RR would open up a section just for us so we would have room for all our strollers, and they were always right on the money with our orders, no problem doing separate checks, and just generally going out of their way to make sure we had a great dining experience!",
"\n\nThe other night DH and I had a craving for a good steak (as opposed to taking our chances grilling some at home ) so we went to TR. ",
"We'd been there once before and I had the best filet mignon of my life so we decided to go back. ",
"We order 9oz filets, medium, and DD orders a sirloin, medium. ",
"When the food comes out I noticed that my \"filet\" was only about an inch thick and oblong, in fact it looked much like DD's steak. ",
"DH's is the same and it's cooked to medium-well. ",
"He flags down our server and explains, she sends over the manager.",
"\n\nWhile all this is going on the kids are eating. ",
"There's a slight delay while we wait on the manager so by the time she comes over the kids are 3/4 finished. ",
"She agrees that the cuts we got are not filets. ",
"I've been eating on my steak, DH's is basically untouched. ",
"She offers to put two new orders in for us but we explain that the kids are nearly done and we really don't have time to wait. ",
"We ask that she remove DH's steak from the bill and correct mine to reflect a sirloin. ",
"She insists on removing both dinners from the bill, even though DH and I have shared mine, which really impressed me. ",
"We make some jokes about how, somewhere in the restaurant, another couple is raving that they've been served the thickest, juiciest sirloins of their life, and she leaves.",
"\n\nHere's the kicker - when the waitress brings our check the manager is with her. ",
"She sets a to-go box down, saying \"I know you turned me down on this, but I just couldn't let you go home without your filet. ",
"I put the order in as soon as I left your table and asked (the waitress) to try to stall bringing you the check.\" ",
"She apologized again, we thanked her again, and we look at the bill - still no charge! ",
"The over cooked sirloin I expected removed, but she didn't charge us for the one I was served (and split with DH) or the filet she sent home with us! ",
"We tore into that baby as soon as we got home and it was excellent - at least two inches thick, perfectly seasoned, medium pushing med-rare. ",
"They even included an extra cup of chili as a side!",
"\n\nNo contest where I'm going next time I want a filet!!",
"\n\nWe've enjoyed similar service at Outback. ",
"We eat there fairly often because my husband earns money on a debit card for selling certain brands thorugh his job. ",
"One of the places we can use the debit card is Outback. ",
"One Sunday evening, we went to OB - apparently it had been slow earlier in the evening and they had let some employees go home, but it had then picked up. ",
"DH and I both ordered a special meal deal they had (soup or salad, entree and dessert, IIRC). ",
"Service was slow due to a poorly-staffed kitchen and one of us had to have a substitution made on the soup because they were out. ",
"No big deal, we weren't in a hurry and these things happen. ",
"The manager came by and apologized and explained. ",
"All is ok. ",
"However, when the entrees came, they were out of the potato my husband had wanted and the kitchen had just substituted something else. ",
"My DH didn't really say anything negative, but the server could tell he was a bit perturbed and disappointed (no garlic mashed! ) ",
"Next thing we know, the manager comes back. ",
"He ends up comping our entire meal (for 4 of us, except the alcohol, probably due to a local law) AND gives us 2 $40 gift certificates for later visits!! ",
"We did tip the waitress on the value of the entire meal.",
"\n\nI think that he appreciated that we were didn't throw a hissy fit at the waitress and try to be the type of customers restaurants want to have.",
"\n\nYes, definitely! ",
"We usually try to tip well anyway and we certainly wanted it to reflect how happy we were that night! ",
"When the check came DH quickly figured up what it would have been, had we been billed for the 2 filets, and tipped 20% on that.",
"\n\nThis is not a chain store, but after today it is the only place I plan to go for clothes shopping. ",
"Any other plus-sized eHellions in the Seattle, WA area owe it to themselves to go there at least once. ",
"Two Big Blondes is a plus size consignment shop. ",
"I had been planning to check it out for a long time but I finally went today because money is tight and they were having a sale. ",
"I was worried it would be a nightmare but the employees made it an absolute dream. ",
"Everyone who works there wears the merchandise, and some even told me about contributing to the inventory from their own wardrobes. ",
"Since it is a consignment store it is a treasure hunt - you flip through 10 items on the rack going: \"meh - nice but not my color - cute but wrong size - ugly - too slutty - okay but not really my style - too casual - CRUD MONKEYS! ",
"SO CUTE - too grandma - okay worth a shot\" But the best thing is, you should never find yourself saying \"too expensive.\"",
"\n\nI was looking for black leggings (its cold and I need to layer). ",
"I was directed to the senior employee who \"knows where everything is\" She found a pair for me and coaxed me to try it them even though I thought they would be too small. ",
"They fit, but I noticed the inseam was threatening to unravel into a hole, which I was sure I would encourage since it was a snug fit. ",
"When I told the saleslady why I didn't want them - she gave them to me for free!",
"\n\nWhen I used to (notice I say used to) shop at Lane Bryant, I would leave feeling frustrated because of their selection, size choices, and prices. ",
"Even though 2BBs is hit and miss, the sheer volume guarantees everyone should be able to find something. ",
"They carry lots of 24-30, which a lot of chain plus stores don't - I am a tricky fit (18/20 shirt but 26/28 pants cause of my hips , plus I'm on the short end of petite) so I am one of those people who wants to try things on in a store, not catalog order. ",
"At a regular store I am lucky to walk out with four items for under $100. ",
"Today I came home with twenty pieces of clothing. ",
"I got a beautiful, flattering dress for $20 (if they hadn't been having a sale, I would have paid the original $40 and still not felt ripped off). ",
"They had everything! ",
"It was random but it was all there! ",
"Actually, the luck factor based on the randomness of clothing that comes through the store makes you feel like you've won the lottery every time you find something you like.",
"\n\nAll the employees were so helpful. ",
"They all understand that being plus size and trying to shop for clothes usually sucks. ",
"I also loved the overall vibe - how all the customers were so patient and courteous with each other. ",
"No one was rude, everyone was just so happy to find fashionable, affordable clothes that fit! ",
"Sisterhood! ",
"I can't wait to bring some of my purged wardrobe to sell at this store. ",
"It's not just for the money, which I'll probably turn around and use to buy different clothes from the shop anyway. ",
"More importantly, I love the idea that another woman will discover my (too big or too little) clothes and be happy with them. ",
"I want my clothes to give another woman as much excitement, joy and satisfaction as the clothes I found today gave me.",
"\n\n*sigh* Okay, I'm done gushing.",
"\n\nLogged\n\n\"... for there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.",
"\"-William Shakespeare\n\n\"We find comfort among those who agree with us - growth among those who don't.\" ",
"~Frank A. Clark\n\nThis is not a chain store, but after today it is the only place I plan to go for clothes shopping. ",
"Any other plus-sized eHellions in the Seattle, WA area owe it to themselves to go there at least once. ",
"Two Big Blondes is a plus size consignment shop. ",
"I had been planning to check it out for a long time but I finally went today because money is tight and they were having a sale. ",
"I was worried it would be a nightmare but the employees made it an absolute dream. ",
"Everyone who works there wears the merchandise, and some even told me about contributing to the inventory from their own wardrobes. ",
"Since it is a consignment store it is a treasure hunt - you flip through 10 items on the rack going: \"meh - nice but not my color - cute but wrong size - ugly - too slutty - okay but not really my style - too casual - CRUD MONKEYS! ",
"SO CUTE - too grandma - okay worth a shot\" But the best thing is, you should never find yourself saying \"too expensive.\"",
"\n\nI was looking for black leggings (its cold and I need to layer). ",
"I was directed to the senior employee who \"knows where everything is\" She found a pair for me and coaxed me to try it them even though I thought they would be too small. ",
"They fit, but I noticed the inseam was threatening to unravel into a hole, which I was sure I would encourage since it was a snug fit. ",
"When I told the saleslady why I didn't want them - she gave them to me for free!",
"\n\nWhen I used to (notice I say used to) shop at Lane Bryant, I would leave feeling frustrated because of their selection, size choices, and prices. ",
"Even though 2BBs is hit and miss, the sheer volume guarantees everyone should be able to find something. ",
"They carry lots of 24-30, which a lot of chain plus stores don't - I am a tricky fit (18/20 shirt but 26/28 pants cause of my hips , plus I'm on the short end of petite) so I am one of those people who wants to try things on in a store, not catalog order. ",
"At a regular store I am lucky to walk out with four items for under $100. ",
"Today I came home with twenty pieces of clothing. ",
"I got a beautiful, flattering dress for $20 (if they hadn't been having a sale, I would have paid the original $40 and still not felt ripped off). ",
"They had everything! ",
"It was random but it was all there! ",
"Actually, the luck factor based on the randomness of clothing that comes through the store makes you feel like you've won the lottery every time you find something you like.",
"\n\nAll the employees were so helpful. ",
"They all understand that being plus size and trying to shop for clothes usually sucks. ",
"I also loved the overall vibe - how all the customers were so patient and courteous with each other. ",
"No one was rude, everyone was just so happy to find fashionable, affordable clothes that fit! ",
"Sisterhood! ",
"I can't wait to bring some of my purged wardrobe to sell at this store. ",
"It's not just for the money, which I'll probably turn around and use to buy different clothes from the shop anyway. ",
"More importantly, I love the idea that another woman will discover my (too big or too little) clothes and be happy with them. ",
"I want my clothes to give another woman as much excitement, joy and satisfaction as the clothes I found today gave me.",
"\n\n*sigh* Okay, I'm done gushing.",
"\n\nOhhh, I love TBB! ",
"Great store, great stuff...awesome sales!",
"\n\nThere's another plus-size consignment store in Redmond if you make it to that side of the water."
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"*u + 5*u - 224 = 0. ",
"Suppose 3*y + 4*v - 2 = 5*y, 2*v + 11 = 5*y. ",
"Suppose -y*k + k = -u. ",
"What is the highest common factor of k and 14?",
"\n14\nSuppose 0*a + 100 = 4*a. ",
"Suppose -4*z + a = z. What is the highest common factor of 5 and z?",
"\n5\nSuppose -2*u - 2*j + 58 = 2*u, -u = -5*j + 2. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of u and 117.",
"\n13\nLet a be ((-11)/(-2))/(4/72). ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of 9 and a.\n9\nLet i = 26 + -11. ",
"Let v(p) = p**3 - p + 510. ",
"Let b be v(0). ",
"Suppose 4*w + 6 = 26, -5*y + 3*w = -b. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of y and i.\n15\nLet j = -21 - -25. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of j and 12.",
"\n4\nLet u(m) = 1 - 3 - 2*m - 3 + 3*m. ",
"Let g be u(4). ",
"Let w = g + 4. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of 27 and w?",
"\n3\nSuppose -31 = -t + 97. ",
"Suppose -5*n = 4*m, 3 = -2*n - 5. ",
"Suppose -21 = -i - m. Calculate the greatest common divisor of t and i.\n16\nLet i = -15 + 24. ",
"Suppose 0 = 5*u - 4*u - i. Let w(r) = r**2 - 2*r + 3. ",
"Let m be w(5). ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of m and u?",
"\n9\nSuppose -3*n - 1000 = -8*n. ",
"Suppose -3*r + 8*r = 2*i + 560, -4*i = 2*r - n. What is the greatest common factor of 10 and r?",
"\n10\nSuppose c - 8 = -y - 0*c, -2*c - 11 = -y. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of 72 and y.\n9\nSuppose 277 = 5*v + 3*s - 389, -4*v = -4*s - 520. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of 33 and v.\n33\nLet a(x) = -x**2 + 8*x + 4. ",
"Suppose -5*r + 16 = -r. ",
"Let v be a(r). ",
"Suppose -3*u = -5*u + 10. ",
"What is the highest common factor of u and v?",
"\n5\nSuppose 4*s + 4*h - 16 = 20, 0 = -5*s + 3*h + 29. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of s and 119.",
"\n7\nSuppose -3*x + 4*p = -64, 3*p + 20 = 2*x + 6*p. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of x and 40.",
"\n8\nSuppose 5*d = -3*y + 56, -3*d + 38 = -2*y + 4*y. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of y and 55?",
"\n11\nLet y(m) = m**2 + 3*m - 1. ",
"Let f be y(-6). ",
"Suppose p + 105 = 2*d, 0 = 2*d + 5*p - 2*p - 93. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of d and f?",
"\n17\nLet c(f) = 73*f - 4. ",
"Let q be c(4). ",
"What is the highest common factor of 18 and q?",
"\n18\nSuppose 214 = 2*y - 2*r - 94, 0 = 2*r + 2. ",
"What is the highest common factor of 102 and y?",
"\n51\nSuppose -2*w + 0*w + 4*a - 2 = 0, 2*a - 4 = 0. ",
"Suppose o = w*o - 48. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of o and 8.",
"\n8\nSuppose 0 = 2*a - 7*a - 2*f + 140, -3*a = -3*f - 84. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of a and 224?",
"\n28\nLet z = -7 + -5. ",
"Let g = z - -18. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of 6 and g?",
"\n6\nLet i(z) = 3*z**2 + z - 1. ",
"Let o be i(1). ",
"Suppose -2*m + 19 = d, -o*d + 2 = -m - 41. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of 3 and d?",
"\n3\nLet c(i) = i**3 - 5*i**2 - i + 7. ",
"Let o be c(5). ",
"Let x be (-10 - -8) + o*16. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of x and 15?",
"\n15\nLet d be 2/2 + 3*4. ",
"Suppose u = -4*c + d, 3*c + 5*u - 33 = -c. ",
"Suppose -5*s - c*k + 88 = 0, k = -3*s + 6*k + 59. ",
"What is the highest common factor of s and 126?",
"\n18\nLet a = 5 + 0. ",
"Suppose -n + j = -15, a*j = -4*n + 49 - 16. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of n and 12.",
"\n12\nSuppose 0 = -5*o - 2*k + 18, 2*o - 20 = -2*o + 4*k. ",
"Let z be 1/2 - (-14)/o. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of 16 and z?",
"\n4\nLet o = -23 + 26. ",
"Let u be (-14)/(-2) - (o - 7). ",
"What is the greatest common factor of 44 and u?",
"\n11\nLet x be 33/12 + -3 - 219/(-12). ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of x and 36.",
"\n18\nLet j = 7 - 5. ",
"Let r be -2*1/j - -7. ",
"What is the highest common factor of 6 and r?",
"\n6\nLet n = 100 + -67. ",
"Let h be (3/(-9))/((-1)/n). ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of 44 and h.\n11\nLet i = 4 - 2. ",
"Suppose -4*h = 5*k + 26, -3*k + 4 = i*h + 18. ",
"Let x be (16/3)/(k/(-3)). ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of 8 and x.\n8\nSuppose 3*z = s - 30, -16 = -0*s - 2*s - 5*z. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of 126 and s.\n18\nLet d(s) = -s**2 + 13*s - 4. ",
"Let p be d(8). ",
"What is the highest common factor of p and 54?",
"\n18\nSuppose 5*m + 4*s - 17 = 0, 5*m + s + 4*s = 20. ",
"Let j = m + -2. ",
"Let v be (-3 + -3)/(0 + j). ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of v and 9?",
"\n3\nLet z = -5 + 5. ",
"Suppose -l + 3 + 18 = z. Calculate the greatest common factor of l and 21.",
"\n21\nLet z = -167 + 179. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of z and 6?",
"\n6\nLet x be 928/16 + 10/2. ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of x and 21.",
"\n21\nLet o = 7 - 1. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of o and 66?",
"\n6\nLet q = 47 + -28. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of 152 and q.\n19\nLet a(p) = -p**3 + 3*p**2 + p - 2. ",
"Let c be a(3). ",
"Let b be -2*(-2 + 1)*c. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of 22 and b.\n2\nLet p(b) = -b**2 + 8*b - 7. ",
"Let d be p(6). ",
"Suppose -3*k = -1 - d. Suppose -k*t = -5*t + 15. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of t and 35.",
"\n5\nLet m be 0/(0 - 2 - 1). ",
"Suppose -2*l + 3*i + 11 = m, -32 = -5*l + 2*i + 1. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of l and 35.",
"\n7\nLet v = -145 + 222. ",
"Suppose -s + o = -5, -5*o = -6 - 4. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of s and v.\n7\nSuppose -5*h + 4*x - 2*x - 1 = 0, 3*h + 4*x + 11 = 0. ",
"Let d be h*((-1 - 2) + 2). ",
"What is the highest common factor of d and 11?",
"\n1\nLet j(l) = -l**2 - 7*l - 6. ",
"Let n be j(-5). ",
"Let y(h) = n*h + 30*h**2 - h - 3*h. ",
"Let k be y(1). ",
"What is the highest common divisor of 15 and k?",
"\n15\nSuppose 4*a - 133 + 13 = 0. ",
"Let b be 192/a*5/2. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of 8 and b.\n8\nSuppose a = 2*x - 2*a - 21, 4*a + 36 = 4*x. ",
"Let i = 128 + -74. ",
"Let g = i - 30. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of x and g.\n6\nLet t = 60 - 54. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of t and 4?",
"\n2\nLet r be (-3)/9*1*-12. ",
"Suppose -i = p + i - 34, -r*p + 156 = 4*i. ",
"Let t = 5 - 1. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of p and t?",
"\n4\nLet d(h) = -h + 12. ",
"Let j be d(7). ",
"Let v = 16 + j. What is the greatest common factor of v and 147?",
"\n21\nSuppose -8*o + 4*o = -72. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of 72 and o?",
"\n18\nLet w be (-4)/3*18/(-12). ",
"Suppose 2*t = -w*t. ",
"Suppose t = 3*m + 2*r - 42 + 10, 2*m + r = 21. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of m and 30?",
"\n10\nLet g be 1*9 + 1/(-1). ",
"Let p = 112 + -62. ",
"Suppose 5*j + 10 - p = 0. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of g and j.\n8\nLet j = -35 - -71. ",
"Let w be (-80)/24*36/(-5). ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of w and j.\n12\nLet w(f) = -65*f**3 + 2*f + 1. ",
"Let x = 0 + -1. ",
"Let m be w(x). ",
"Suppose 4*r - m = -0*r. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of r and 2?",
"\n2\nSuppose 5*j = -6 + 16. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of 8 and j?",
"\n2\nSuppose k + 0 = 4. ",
"Suppose 6*t = -y + k*t - 6, -24 = -y + 4*t. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of y and 8?",
"\n4\nSuppose 5*m = 4*r + 11 - 2, -4*r = -3*m - 1. ",
"Let h be (-654)/(-15) + 4/10*1. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of r and h.\n4\nLet k be (2/3)/((-4)/(-90)). ",
"What is the greatest common factor of k and 10?",
"\n5\nSuppose 3*w + 72 = -3*d - 0*w, 0 = -d + 3*w - 8. ",
"Let s = -14 - d. Let o = -44 - -74. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of o and s?",
"\n6\nLet r be (0 - (-6)/4)*48. ",
"Let t(l) = 2*l**2 - l - 3. ",
"Let j be t(-3). ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of j and r.\n18\nSuppose 10 = -5*l - 5. ",
"Let b = l + 1. ",
"Let n(g) = -5*g + 2. ",
"Let m be n(b). ",
"What is the highest common divisor of 108 and m?",
"\n12\nSuppose 0*f = 2*f + 28. ",
"Let w be 6/f - (-1835)/35. ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of 78 and w.\n26\nSuppose -143 = -2*b + b. Calculate the highest common factor of 13 and b.\n13\nSuppose -4 = -g - 1. ",
"Let i be ((-27)/15)/(4/(-60)). ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of i and g.\n3\nLet t be 108/5 - 8/(-20). ",
"What is the highest common divisor of t and 176?",
"\n22\nLet y = 4 - 4. ",
"Let b(k) = 7 + y*k**2 - 2*k**2 + k**2 + 5*k. ",
"Let r be b(6). ",
"What is the greatest common factor of 2 and r?",
"\n1\nSuppose u + 30 = 3*u. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of 25 and u.\n5\nLet y = -6 - -8. ",
"Suppose l + 3*r - 18 = -y*l, 4*l - r = 34. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of 40 and l.\n8\nSuppose -14 = -3*q + q. Suppose -29 - q = -4*p. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of p and 27.",
"\n9\nLet p be (-3)/12 + 381/4. ",
"Suppose -5*d - 13 = -2*l - p, -2*d + 2*l = -34. ",
"What is the highest common factor of d and 2?",
"\n2\nLet k be ((-8)/(-6))/((-7)/(-42)). ",
"Suppose -k - 1 = -u. ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of u and 1.",
"\n1\nSuppose -40 = -s - 39. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of s and 9.",
"\n1\nLet m(i) = -i**3 + 10*i**2 + 2*i. ",
"Let d be m(10). ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of d and 5?",
"\n5\nLet x(m) = m**3 - 7*m**2 + 8*m - 7. ",
"Suppose -17 = 2*r - 29. ",
"L"
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[
"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a method and apparatus for monitoring the use of computer programs and more particularly monitoring frequency of use of a variety of computer programs and software products.",
"\n2. ",
"Related Prior Art\nMuch of the software used on mainframe computers, minicomputers, work stations, and personal computers consists of proprietary software licensed from software vendors. ",
"Like book publishers, many software vendors retain the copyright on their products, and a software product license usually restricts the licensee's use of the product in several ways.",
"\nSoftware products are usually obtained under a perpetual license, which is equivalent to buying a copy of a book. ",
"However, software products are sometimes available on a renewable basis, which is equivalent to borrowing a book from a rental library. ",
"Software products are often licensed for use on particular computers, as determined by their serial number, and/or for a maximum number of concurrent users. ",
"Upgrades, e.g., new versions of software products, may be periodically obtained. ",
"Many vendors, especially those of mainframe and minicomputer software, offer annual subscriptions to technical support services and product upgrades. ",
"These annual subscriptions are usually called \"maintenance agreements\". ",
"Vendors that do not offer subscriptions to such services usually offer product upgrades at extra costs.",
"\nFor almost every installation, use of computer storage space is a major cost and a major concern. ",
"A significant amount of such storage space can be wasted by unused or under-used software products, obsolete versions of software products, and duplicate copies of software products.",
"\nIn some cases, an installation may wish to restrict the use of particular software products to particular users, or to charge users for their use of particular products. ",
"An installation may wish to vary the charge for particular products based on when the products are used.",
"\nManaging and controlling the use of software products can be quite burdensome, especially for larger computer installations, and can have significant financial implications.",
"\nSeveral major concerns in controlling software products at an installation may occur. ",
"For example, concern over what software products are installed and where they are stored may come up. ",
"Also, whether there are duplicate copies of products and where are they located may be of concern. ",
"Questions concerning how much each software product being used, by whom and when may be important. ",
"Whether any software products are being used on a computer system for which they are not licensed is always a concern. ",
"Also of importance for licensed software is whether any software products are being used concurrently by more users than the number for which they are licensed. ",
"A question of importance to the licensee is whether any software products are being used by unauthorized users. ",
"From a maintenance point of view, it is important to know whether older versions of software products are still installed and whether they are still being used and by whom.",
"\nOnce installed on a computer system, a software product consists primarily of a number of executable files known as programs, as well as possibly a number of non-executable files, such as data bases, profiles, etc. ",
"Whether executable or non-executable, files are identified by name along with other attributes, which are usually stored in the \"table of contents\" or \"directory\" of a storage device.",
"\nA number of products presently exist that inventory the software products that have been installed on a computer system. ",
"Such products typically have a data base that relates executable or non-executable file names to the product they came from. ",
"Such an inventorying product can survey the files on storage devices at an installation, identify the computer products to which they belong, and report what products are installed on the system in terms that users can understand.",
"\nOther products exist that provide job accounting functions, for example IBM SMF. ",
"Such products detect some forms of invocation of programs (e.g. jobs or job steps), and write records detailing such invocations.",
"\nStill other products exist that monitor usage of products that have been specifically written or modified to co-operate, and permit such monitoring by the monitoring product. ",
"Typically, the co-operating program would require code or a specialized module included within itself to \"call\" or \"alert\" the monitoring program to the fact that the co-operating program was invoked. ",
"In other words, the co-operating program must be modified to \"inform\" the monitoring program when the co-operating program is invoked. ",
"Such a monitoring product can then be used to ensure compliance with license conditions, such as number of concurrent usage.",
"\nStill other products exist that scan files for one or more specified unique sequences, e.g. text strings, and reporting back which files contain the sequence. ",
"In some of these products, if the sequence is found, the product can display the contents of the file surrounding the sequence.",
"\nThe prior art does not allow an installation to automatically determine what products are being used without cooperation of the products being monitored and no matter how these products are invoked. ",
"Further, nothing in the art allows an installation to determine the library accessed or user or job accessing the products without cooperation from the products being monitored and no matter how the products are invoked.",
"\nThe prior art has also not provided a means for automatically relating software inventory information to module usage information. ",
"In essence, the prior art has not provided a means for relating the modules that are used with the products they are associated with.",
"\nFurthermore, prior art has not provided a process by which information could be derived from modules at the installation that would help the installation determine the vendor and/or product of modules not already listed in a knowledge base."
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[
"Musings, leadership tidbits and quotes posted by a retired Navy Captain (really just a high performing 2nd Class Petty Officer) who hung up his uniform a bit too early. ",
"He still wears his Navy service on his sleeve. ",
"He needs to get over that. \"",
"ADVANCE WARNING - NO ORIGINAL THOUGHT!\" ",
"A \"self-appointed\" lead EVANGELIST for the \"cryptologic community\". ",
"Keeping CRYPTOLOGY alive-one day and Sailor at a time. ",
"2015 is 80th Anniversary of the Naval Security Group.",
"\n\nFriday, April 26, 2013\n\nNavigating A New Course To Command Excellence - Antithesis to the status quo\n\nIn\nthe Model for Command Excellence, between the inputs and results, were\nfactors the model termed intermediate outputs. ",
"The intermediate outputs\nof superior commands also distinguished them. ",
"Sailors in the command had\na sense of mission. ",
"They were motivated and committed to the command.",
"\nMorale, pride, and teamwork were evident throughout the command.",
"\nAttitudes and values of Sailors on board reflected this. ",
"These\nintermediate outputs directly affected the final outputs.",
"\n\nWhat accounts for the differences between them in superior and average commands?",
"\n\nThree areas make a difference between the results of superior and average commands:\n\nthe Sailors in the command,\n\nthe relationships between them\n\nthe activities they perform\n\n\"Sailors\"\nrefers to the different people in the command. ",
"This includes the\nCommanding Officer (CO), the Executive Officer (XO), the Wardroom, the\nChiefs Quarters (Mess), and the Crew.",
"\n\n\"Relationships\" refers to the\nrelationships between different groups of Sailors and the ways these\ngroups of people interact with each other. \"",
"Activities\" include those\nthings that people do that make the biggest differences between average\nand top commands.",
"\n\nFive activities were identified:\n\nPlanning\n\nMaintaining Standards\n\nCommunicating\n\nBuilding Esprit de Corps\n\nTraining and Development\n\nThe book is available HERE. ",
"Check the document properties; this is a 2005 update of our original version from 1997. ",
"There are two companion summaries: Command Excellence and the Wardroom and Charting the course to Command Excellence.",
"\n\n3 comments:\n\nSir, In regards to the previous post about the XO who did not have manners enough to answer your letter I would like to say: As I read comment after comment I found myself uttering out loud \" Oh God, Oh God, Oh God\" until someone came by and asked \"What is the matter?\". ",
"I am stunned. ",
"Speechless really. ",
"How can some people be so rude and taktless as proven in those comments?",
"\n\nP.S I thought that an elite school like Harvard taught manners, but perhaps that was back in the good old days."
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[
"The present invention relates generally to a pump, more particularly a steering assistance pump.",
"\nPumps for the purposes of steering assistance are usually of the rotary vane pump type, comprising a housing in which are disposed a pressure plate, a cam ring and a rotor for defining at least one displacement region. ",
"The displacement region is divided up into a plurality of chambers by means of vanes which are carried slidably by the rotor. ",
"When the rotor is driven in rotation by a shaft, the above-mentioned chambers move between inlet and outlet ports and openings. ",
"The inlet ports communicate with a hydraulic fluid supply system while the outlet ports communicate with a hydraulic fluid discharge system, which communicate with each other by way of a flow control valve. ",
"The flow control valve includes a spool, a valve spring and a restrictor throttle or orifice at which a pressure drop is taken off and passed to the two sides of the spool. ",
"The flow control valve usually also includes a pressure relief valve which responds when a given limit pressure is exceeded and relieves a part of the controlled output flow of the pump, into an internal inlet duct or passage of the pump.",
"\nThe steering assistance pump is connected by way of an external output service line to a servo steering means which normally passes on the controlled output flow to the tank. ",
"However, when the steering assembly is in a position of extreme steering lock, or angle of turn, it may happen that the servo steering means almost shuts off the controlled output flow completely, so that the pressure rises greatly and the pressure relief valve responds. ",
"A large amount of power is converted at the pressure relief valve so that there is a substantial rise in the temperature of the hydraulic fluid, especially as the hydraulic fluid is being circulated within the pump. ",
"That condition results in the pump suffering from damage and even failure, after a certain period of time."
] | {
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"A 2-year study of lipid and lipoprotein changes in postmenopausal women with tibolone and estrogen-progestin.",
"\nTo assess changes in lipid-lipoprotein profile in postmenopausal women taking tibolone and estrogen-progestin, compared with untreated controls. ",
"Sixty-three women were randomized to take a combined estrogen-progestin preparation (n = 31) or tibolone (n = 32), and 50 other women acted as controls. ",
"Fasting lipid-lipoprotein levels were measured over 96 weeks. ",
"The controls, who were older and postmenopausal longer than the therapy subjects, exhibited significant decreases in total (P < .05) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P < .001) cholesterol and increases in triglyceride (P < .05) and lipoprotein (a) (P < .001) over the 96-week period of study. ",
"Lipoprotein (a) also decreased significantly in both treated groups (P < .001). ",
"Total and LDL cholesterol decreased and triglyceride increased in the estrogen-progestin group, but, compared with controls, these changes were not significant. ",
"Total cholesterol decreased in the tibolone group, although decreases in low- and particularly high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P < .001) cholesterol and parallel decreases in apolipoprotein A1 (P < .001) and B (p < .01) were also observed. ",
"There was evidence of a reversion phenomenon in apolipoproteins A1 and B in all groups, and in lipoprotein (a) with tibolone. ",
"Some changes accompanying tibolone may be favorable and may counter its adverse effect on HDL cholesterol. ",
"Lowering of lipoprotein (a) was the only significant change found with estrogen-progestin."
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[
"package query\n\nimport (\n\t\"fmt\"\n\t\"github.com/pelletier/go-toml\"\n\t\"testing\"\n)\n\n// dump path tree to a string\nfunc pathString(root pathFn) string {\n\tresult := fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"%T:\", root)\n\tswitch fn := root.(type) {\n\tcase *terminatingFn:\n\t\tresult += \"{}\"\n\tcase *matchKeyFn:\n\t\tresult += fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"{%s}\", fn.",
"Name)\n\t\tresult += pathString(fn.next)\n\tcase *matchIndexFn:\n\t\tresult += fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"{%d}\", fn.",
"Idx)\n\t\tresult += pathString(fn.next)\n\tcase *matchSliceFn:\n\t\tresult += fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"{%d:%d:%d}\",\n\t\t\tfn.",
"Start, fn.",
"End, fn.",
"Step)\n\t\tresult += pathString(fn.next)\n\tcase *matchAnyFn:\n\t\tresult += \"{}\"\n\t\tresult += pathString(fn.next)\n\tcase *matchUnionFn:\n\t\tresult += \"{[\"\n\t\tfor _, v := range fn.",
"Union {\n\t\t\tresult += pathString(v) + \", \"\n\t\t}\n\t\tresult += \"]}\"\n\tcase *matchRecursiveFn:\n\t\tresult += \"{}\"\n\t\tresult += pathString(fn.next)\n\tcase *matchFilterFn:\n\t\tresult += fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"{%s}\", fn.",
"Name)\n\t\tresult += pathString(fn.next)\n\t}\n\treturn result\n}\n\nfunc assertPathMatch(t *testing.",
"T, path, ref *Query) bool {\n\tpathStr := pathString(path.root)\n\trefStr := pathString(ref.root)\n\tif pathStr !",
"= refStr {\n\t\tt.Errorf(\"paths do not match\")\n\t\tt.Log(\"test:\", pathStr)\n\t\tt.Log(\"ref: \", refStr)\n\t\treturn false\n\t}\n\treturn true\n}\n\nfunc assertPath(t *testing.",
"T, query string, ref *Query) {\n\tpath, _ := parseQuery(lexQuery(query))\n\tassertPathMatch(t, path, ref)\n}\n\nfunc buildPath(parts ...pathFn) *Query {\n\tquery := newQuery()\n\tfor _, v := range parts {\n\t\tquery.appendPath(v)\n\t}\n\treturn query\n}\n\nfunc TestPathRoot(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t// empty\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathKey(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$.foo\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchKeyFn(\"foo\"),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathBracketKey(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$[foo]\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchKeyFn(\"foo\"),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathBracketStringKey(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$['foo']\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchKeyFn(\"foo\"),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathIndex(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$[123]\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchIndexFn(123),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathSliceStart(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$[123:]\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchSliceFn(123, maxInt, 1),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathSliceStartEnd(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$[123:456]\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchSliceFn(123, 456, 1),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathSliceStartEndColon(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$[123:456:]\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchSliceFn(123, 456, 1),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathSliceStartStep(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$[123::7]\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchSliceFn(123, maxInt, 7),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathSliceEndStep(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$[:456:7]\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchSliceFn(0, 456, 7),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathSliceStep(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$[::7]\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchSliceFn(0, maxInt, 7),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathSliceAll(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$[123:456:7]\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchSliceFn(123, 456, 7),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathAny(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$.*\",",
"\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchAnyFn(),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathUnion(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$[foo, bar, baz]\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\t&matchUnionFn{[]pathFn{\n\t\t\t\tnewMatchKeyFn(\"foo\"),\n\t\t\t\tnewMatchKeyFn(\"bar\"),\n\t\t\t\tnewMatchKeyFn(\"baz\"),\n\t\t\t}},\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathRecurse(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$..*\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\tnewMatchRecursiveFn(),\n\t\t))\n}\n\nfunc TestPathFilterExpr(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tassertPath(t,\n\t\t\"$[?('",
"foo'),?(bar)]\",\n\t\tbuildPath(\n\t\t\t&matchUnionFn{[]pathFn{\n\t\t\t\tnewMatchFilterFn(\"foo\", toml.",
"Position{}),\n\t\t\t\tnewMatchFilterFn(\"bar\", toml.",
"Position{}),\n\t\t\t}},\n\t\t))\n}\n"
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[
"Production of tumor necrosis factor by human monocytes in response to toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1.",
"\nWe studied the effect of toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) on production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by human monocytes. ",
"Adherent mononuclear cells were stimulated with TSST-1 and their supernatants assayed for TNF by using L929 cells in a cytotoxicity assay. ",
"TSST-1 stimulated production of TNF over a wide range of concentrations. ",
"The cytotoxicity of monocyte supernatants was neutralized by antibody to TNF but not by antibody to interleukin-1 or by normal rabbit serum. ",
"TSST-1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had a synergistic effect on monokine production. ",
"Monocytes \"primed\" with TSST-1 produced more interleukin-1 and TNF in response to LPS than did unprimed cells. ",
"Treating monocytes with LPS before TSST-1 and co-incubating the two agents with cells for 24 h also enhanced monokine production under some circumstances. ",
"These studies suggest a role for TNF in the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome, as a consequence of induction by TSST-1 alone or the synergistic effects of several bacterial products."
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[
"package com.forezp;\n\nimport org.junit.",
"Test;\nimport org.junit.runner.",
"RunWith;\nimport org.springframework.boot.test.context.",
"SpringBootTest;\nimport org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;\n\n@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)\n@SpringBootTest\npublic class ServiceHiApplicationTests {\n\n\t@Test\n\tpublic void contextLoads() {\n\t}\n\n}\n"
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[
"Q:\n\nHow to create Unicode version of user32.dll - functions in Team developer\n\nSince the sdk menu functions GetMenu, CreatePopupMenu,\nInsertMenuA , AppendMenuA etc are not working properly in 6.2 Version. ",
" I think Unicode version of above functions may\nworks fine in version 6.2.",
"\n\nA:\n\nAny Windows SDK function ending with an 'A' should be replaced with its UNICODE counterpart ending in 'W' , if running TeamDeveloper v5 onwards. ",
"Note that the parameter list may be different. ",
"You don't have to 'create' them, - they already exist , so just need replacing.",
"\n\n"
] | {
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[
"At some point, most university students will start to become inundated with essays and assignments. ",
"Essay writing is a common, obligatory academic assignment, usually regardless of course or institution. ",
"Therefore, it is a skill that many students need to adopt quickly if they want to keep their head above water throughout their studies. ",
"Nevertheless essay writing can be tedious and difficult, and you can rest assured that you’re not the only one who would rather aimlessly binge-watch Netflix for hours than face the work. ",
"However, when you’re aware of the important aspects of constructing an effective essay, it can help to make the writing process a lot less daunting and stressful, and much more productive. ",
"In this post, we’re outlining some of the most important do’s and don’ts that should be considered when writing an essay, summarised in our handy infographic below. ",
"These important points make up the backbone of your essay, and as long as you keep them in mind, you can’t go wrong. ",
"Refer back to them when you’re writing your essay to ensure that you’re always staying on track. ",
"Infographic provided by Uni...\n\nA lot of your academic career will ride upon writing. ",
"Even if you have the most brilliant idea in the world, you’re not going to get a high grade unless you express yourself clearly. ",
"Even if you’re not a natural talent in terms of writing, there are things you can do to become better. ",
"Practice does make perfect. ",
"The harder you work towards building your style and vocabulary, the better your texts are going to be. ",
"1. ",
"Read a Lot Students are required to read a lot by default. ",
"This, however, isn’t the best option when it comes to being a good writer. ",
"To improve your style, you should read authors that you enjoy and that inspire you. ",
"Whose writing style do you adore? ",
"Which writer’s works can you read for hours without even noticing the passage of time? ",
"These are the literary works that can help you become a better writer yourself. ",
"Read websites, magazines and novels on a daily basis. ",
"There’s no need to focus on the writing or the specific expressions. ",
"By reading a lot, you’ll be influencing your writing style subconsciously. ",
"2. ",
"Write a Lot Practice, practice, practice! ",
"You need to practice, especially if you don’t feel that writing comes to you naturally. ",
"The more you write and attempt to present your ideas in the best possible way, the better you’ll become at it. ",
"Don’t limit yourself solely to school assignments. ",
"It’s possible to write for pleasure and use this as an exercise that will have an impact on your academic success. ",
"Start a blog and write about topics that interest you. ",
"Pay attention to the way in which the audience responds to your texts. ",
"Which ones see the most positive feedback? ",
"Which ones are read by the biggest number of people? ",
"Analyzing these texts will give you a pretty accurate idea about your biggest strengths and weaknesses. ",
"3. ",
"Use the Right Tools Even professional writers rely on tools to check for errors and overcome the common stylistic blunders that stand in the way of perfection. ",
"As a student, you can also rely on various tools to improve your writing. ",
"Luckily, many such apps and software products are available online. ",
"You may want to test a couple of those, until you identify the ones that you feel most comfortable with. ",
"If you need a bit...\n\nProficiency in a language is gained through a proper way of speaking, listening, reading and writing in a skilled manner. ",
"To understand a language and have sense to improvise it forms the basic component of gaining proficiency in language. ",
"However, mistakes, which are the most inevitable, should be given proper attention. ",
"10 Most Common Grammar Mistakes to Avoid Below are some of the most common grammatical errors cited in written...\n\nMind maps are a fantastic way for visual learners to get to grips with what they’ve studied and allow them to structure things in a very visual manner. ",
"The end product should result in something that’s composed of a web like structure of words and ideas. ",
"How To Create a Mind Map For Studying A lot of people owe their positive exam results to mind maps and believe that they make learning a lot easier. ",
"So, here’s how...\n\nGraduating college can be an exciting experience, but it also means that you now have to ditch the frat parties and enter the real world. ",
"Before you can call yourself a working professional, though, you have to get a job, and you can’t get a job without a resume. ",
"Some recent college grads wonder what exactly to put on their resume to make them stand out. ",
"While you do have the education, you may be lacking the real-world...\n\nApplying for college can be a very challenging experience. ",
"Not only do you want to be able to get into the first school on your list, but you also want to be able to maximize the amount of scholarship money that you receive. ",
"If you’re feeling overwhelmed about the entire process, the good news is there’s more than one way to be successful at it. ",
"Even if you don’t have a perfect GPA or thousands of hours of community...\n\nA well written essay in grammatically correct UK English is not hard to get after all! ",
"The art of essay writing lies in portraying the thoughts of the writer through appropriately placed words, which will express his thoughts just the way he wants his readers to perceive them, and this tedious task, is now no longer difficult to accomplish! ",
"Simple And Successful Pathway To Efficient Essay Writing So if you are busy studying or...\n\nWe have always heard that education is essential in today’s world to lead a comfortable life. ",
"Then, why aren’t we giving it the importance that is required? ",
"It is the traditional outdated learning technique to be blamed. ",
"There are too many loopholes in the education system that makes it quality questionable. ",
"Many think that rote learning, where you basically memorize your subject and replicate what you memorize in the...\n\nAbout SmartStudent\n\nSmartStudent is an educational portal that provides information & advice to aspiring students. ",
"regarding applying to university, choosing a course, what to take to university, finding student accommodation and much more."
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[
"Recommendations for the prevention and management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections, 1993. ",
"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.",
"\nIn 1985, CDC published Policy Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. ",
"Those guidelines highlighted the prevalence and morbidity of chlamydial infections and stressed the need to include antibiotics effective against chlamydia when treating patients for urethritis, mucopurulent cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. ",
"The recommendations presented in this report update the 1985 guidelines. ",
"In addition, these recommendations propose a national strategy for reducing the morbidity of chlamydial infections by detection and treatment and through the prevention of transmission to uninfected persons. ",
"Such an effort is now possible because of a) expanding educational efforts stimulated by the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other sexually transmitted diseases, and b) the availability of chlamydia tests that are easy to use, economical, and accurate, thereby allowing health-care providers to diagnose and treat infected persons and their sex partners. ",
"Education, screening, and sex partner referral require coordination of the activities of several professionals, including educators, clinicians, microbiologists, outreach workers, and program managers. ",
"Because chlamydial infections are common among adolescents and young adults throughout the United States, health-care providers and other agencies serving these groups should become more involved if a sufficiently large proportion of the chlamydia-infected population is to be reached. ",
"Health departments should establish consortia of these organizations to pool resources and to coordinate activities. ",
"To facilitate such collaborations, this document outlines the elements of a chlamydia prevention program. ",
"These recommendations were developed by CDC after consultation with experts attending a chlamydia prevention workshop held in Atlanta, Georgia, March 26-28, 1991. ",
"Commentary from additional public health, medical, and laboratory practitioners also was considered in developing these recommendations."
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[
"We Measure our Success by our Clients' Success\n\nOur mission is to take a genuine interest in our clients, understand their objectives\nand meet or exceed their expectations by offering complete, personalized, and creative\nsolutions to assist our clients in protecting their intellectual property, and ensuring\ntheir success. ",
"We strive to be an integral part of our clients' business. ",
"Having the most\ncompetent lawyers and experts,\nour attorneys have appeared in Iranian courts for many times, and successfully\nrepresented our clients in numerous cases."
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[
"Entries Published On May, 2019\n\nEver dined in a sketchy restaurant? ",
"You know the type I’m talking about: Glassware’s got smudges on it. ",
"Fries taste like they’re cooked in the same oil as the fish. ",
"Eggs are of the powdered variety. ",
"I’m guessing you won’t go back to it, right? ",
"Much less recommend the joint to your friends and family. …"
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[
"\n68 B.R. 774 (1987)\nIn re Charles STEVENS, et al.",
"\nCiv. ",
"No. ",
"85-0418-B.\nUnited States District Court, D. Maine.",
"\nJanuary 6, 1987.",
"\n*775 Thomas O. Bither, Houlton, Me., ",
"for debtors.",
"\nCarrie Linthicum, Presque Isle, Me., ",
"Trustee.",
"\nJames T. Kilbreth, Phyllis Gardiner, Asst. ",
"Attys. ",
"Gen., Augusta, Me., ",
"for appellant.",
"\n\nMEMORANDUM AND ORDER\nCYR, Chief Judge.",
"\nThe appeal in this chapter 7 bankruptcy proceeding presents the question whether the cost of a postpetition cleanup of a prepetition environmental hazard constitutes a first priority administrative expense or an unsecured claim.",
"\n\nFACTS\nThe parties have stipulated to the pertinent facts. ",
"Prior to the filing of their bankruptcy petition, the debtors owned and operated a scrap metal business and junk-yard in Littleton, Maine. ",
"While operating the business, debtors acquired drums containing waste oil which were stored on a farm adjacent to debtors' property. ",
"In June 1981 the State of Maine Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) sampled and tested the waste oil and found that the oil in 29 of the 52 drums contained dangerous levels of highly toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). ",
"In July 1981 DEP obtained samples of soil and well water for testing.",
"\nIn September 1981 DEP billed debtors for the testing previously done and instructed debtors on how to handle the drums of waste oil. ",
"Debtors were instructed to mark the drums containing contaminated oil with stickers provided by DEP and to store the drums, as marked, in an \"adequate\" storage area.[1] The letter informed *776 debtors that the drums must be disposed of no later than January 1, 1984.",
"\nOn September 29, 1981, debtors inquired of DEP whether storage in a tractor-trailer box would be adequate. ",
"DEP responded that such storage was not adequate, and sent debtors a copy of the pertinent regulations defining adequate storage.",
"\nDEP staff obtained additional soil samples in December 1981. ",
"In May 1982, staff and officials from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and from DEP visited debtors' property and noted that the 29 drums containing contaminated oil were stored in a tractor-trailer box. ",
"Although the doors of the trailer were locked and plastic sheeting had been placed on the floor, the staff from DEP and EPA noted that the storage was not adequate, and that any leak in the drums likely would result in soil contamination.",
"\nOn April 26, 1984, debtors filed their joint chapter 7 petition, listing EPA and DEP as holders of unsecured claims.",
"\nOn May 4, 1984, unaware that debtors had filed for bankruptcy, a representative of DEP notified debtors that the storage of the 29 drums of contaminated waste oil for more than 90 days violated DEP regulations, and requested that debtors notify DEP as to their plans for removal and disposal of the waste oil. ",
"Debtors' attorney notified DEP that debtors had filed for bankruptcy and no longer operated their scrap metal business.",
"\nBy telephone on June 5, and by letter on June 11, 1984, DEP requested that either the trustee or the debtors make arrangements for the removal and proper disposal of the contaminated waste oil within five days of receipt of the letter. ",
"The letter warned that failure to comply would result in the state undertaking the cleanup and seeking to recover the costs from debtors. ",
"In response, the trustee confirmed that the trailer box and drums were the property of the bankrupt estate, but stated that she would not arrange for their removal. ",
"The trustee further stated that although she did not object to DEP removing the waste oil, the estate would not pay the costs of any such removal.",
"\nOn June 15, 1984, the trustee held a sale at which all the debtors' personal property, except the trailer box and its contents, was sold for $3,000. ",
"By agreement between the trustee and DEP and in preparation for the sale, the tractor-trailer box was roped off with signs warning that it contained contaminated material.",
"\nAt DEP's direction and expense, the 29 drums of waste oil were removed by a contractor on June 21, 1984. ",
"The postpetition removal costs totalled $7,572.20, which DEP seeks to recover as an administrative expense of the estate.",
"\n\nTHE DECISION OF THE BANKRUPTCY COURT\nThe bankruptcy court rejected DEP's claim that cleanup costs incurred after the filing of the bankruptcy petition were first priority administrative expenses.[2]See In re Stevens, 53 B.R. 783 (Bankr.",
"Me.1985). ",
"First, the bankruptcy court rejected DEP's argument that the trustee could not abandon the waste oil. ",
"Relying on In re Quanta Resources Corp., 739 F.2d 912 (3d Cir. ",
"1984), aff'd sub nom. ",
"Midlantic Bank v. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, ___ U.S. ___, 106 S.Ct. ",
"755, 88 L.Ed.2d 859 (1986), and In re T.P. Long Co., 45 B.R. 278 (Bankr.",
"N.D.Ohio 1985), DEP had argued that the cleanup costs *777 were an administrative expense because the trustee could not abandon the property and the state was cleaning up the hazardous waste on behalf of the trustee. ",
"See 53 B.R. at 787. ",
"The bankruptcy court rejected that argument:\nThis Court disagrees with the decisions in Quanta Resources Corp. and T.P. Long Chemical, Inc., and is satisfied that a trustee may abandon hazardous waste under 11 U.S.C. § 554(a); that the cost of an environmental clean-up inherited by a trustee is not an administrative expense under 11 U.S.C. § 503(b)(1)(A); and that the claim for $7,572.20 is a pre-filing claim for which the State of Maine is entitled to the same treatment as other general, unsecured creditors.",
"\n53 B.R. at 787.",
"\nThe court relied in part on the power of the bankruptcy trustee to abandon property which is burdensome or of inconsequential value to the estate. ",
"See 53 B.R. at 787; 11 U.S.C. § 554(a). ",
"That power, the court held, was not limited by 28 U.S.C. § 959(b), which requires a trustee to \"manage and operate the property in his possession . . . ",
"according to the requirements of the valid laws of the State in which such property is situated, in the same manner that the owner or possessor thereof would be bound to do if in possession thereof,\" id., because\n[i]n refusing to clean-up the hazardous waste herself, the trustee in this case was neither managing nor operating the property, but was merely refusing to administer property because the administration of that property would be burdensome to the debtors' estate.",
"\n53 B.R. at 788.",
"\nThe court further reasoned that a trustee's obligations in a chapter 7 case are confined to the payment of monetary obligations which are properly allowable as administrative expenses. ",
"Thus, DEP's claim was allowable only if \"the expenses incurred `did in fact confer actual value on the [debtors'] estate as a whole.'\" ",
"53 B.R. at 788, quoting In re O.P.M. Leasing Services, Inc., 23 B.R. 104, 121 (Bankr.",
"S.D.N. Y.1982) (emphasis added in original). ",
"The bankruptcy court \"fail[ed] to see any actual value to the debtors' estate and its creditors as a result of the post-petition expenditures incurred by the State of Maine.\" ",
"53 B.R. at 788.",
"\nFinally, relying on the statutory definition of a \"claim,\" see 11 U.S.C. § 101(4), and the Supreme Court decision in Ohio v. Kovacs, 469 U.S. 274, 105 S.Ct. ",
"705, 83 L.Ed.2d 649 (1985), the court held that the debtors' liability for the cleanup expenses was a prepetition claim, not a postpetition administrative expense.",
"\nIt is the right of the State of Maine to reimbursement, as provided by state statute, that gives rise to the claim. ",
"The fact that as of the date of filing of the bankruptcy petition the hazardous waste had not yet been removed from the debtors' property does not affect the underlying right to reimbursement prescribed by the statute and the claim arising thereby.",
"\n53 B.R. at 789.",
"\n\nTHE ISSUES ON APPEAL\nDEP argues that the United States Supreme Court decision in Midlantic Bank v. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, ___ U.S. ___, 106 S.Ct. ",
"755, 88 L.Ed.2d 859 (1986), issued subsequent to the bankruptcy court ruling in this case, requires reversal. ",
"Midlantic affirmed the Third Circuit decision in In re Quanta Resources, 739 F.2d 912 (3d Cir.1984), which the bankruptcy court in this case expressly declined to follow.",
"\nMidlantic concerned the bankruptcy case of Quanta Resources Corp., [Quanta], which operated two waste oil facilities for the storage of PCB-contaminated oil. ",
"Quanta commenced a chapter 11 proceeding which was soon converted to a chapter 7 liquidation proceeding. ",
"After attempting without success to sell the two waste facilities, the trustee began proceedings to abandon the property pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 554(a). ",
"Although it was undisputed that the property was \"burdensome\" and \"of inconsequential value to the estate\" within the meaning of section 554(a), various governmental agencies objected to the proposed *778 abandonment on the grounds that the public's health and safety would be threatened and that abandonment would violate state and federal environmental laws.",
"\nThe Supreme Court affirmed the Third Circuit conclusion that abandonment was impermissible in the circumstances. ",
"Relying on the historical limits of a trustee's abandonment power, analogizing to the statutory exceptions to the automatic stay, and citing congressional intent, as evidenced by 28 U.S.C. § 959(b)[3] and various environmental laws, the Supreme Court held that\nThe Bankruptcy Court does not have the power to authorize an abandonment without formulating conditions that will adequately protect the public's health and safety. ",
"Accordingly, without reaching the question whether certain state laws imposing conditions on abandonment may be so onerous as to interfere with the bankruptcy adjudication itself, we hold that a trustee may not abandon property in contravention of a state statute or regulation that is reasonably designed to protect the public health or safety from identified hazards.",
"\n106 S.Ct. ",
"at 762 (footnote omitted).",
"\nRelying on Midlantic, DEP contends that the trustee could not abandon the 29 drums of contaminated waste oil. ",
"As the trustee could not abandon the oil, she was in possession of the hazard and therefore had an obligation to clean it up in compliance with state law. ",
"When the trustee refused to arrange for the cleanup, DEP was obliged by state law to conduct the cleanup itself and to seek reimbursement from the responsible party. ",
"Inasmuch as DEP incurred its cleanup expense after the filing of the chapter 7 petition in substitute fulfillment of the legal obligation of the trustee (as possessor of hazardous waste property of the estate), the cleanup did confer benefit on the debtors' estate by bringing the estate into compliance with the cleanup mandate of state and federal law and by protecting the estate from the increased liability which would result in the event of a spill. ",
"Cf. ",
"T.P. Long, 45 B.R. at 284-85. ",
"Accordingly, the cleanup costs should be allowed as administrative expenses.",
"\nThe trustee contends that the decision of the bankruptcy court should be affirmed, notwithstanding Midlantic. ",
"The trustee suggests two reasons that Midlantic does not require reversal.",
"\nFirst, the trustee would construe Midlantic narrowly and distinguish the instant case on its facts. ",
"Thus, in Midlantic, abandonment of the two waste-oil processing facilities meant that a 24-hour-a-day guard service was removed and a fire suppression system shut off, and that not even minimal safety measures were in place to prevent the risk of fire or explosion from the 470,000 gallons of contaminated waste oil. ",
"See 106 S.Ct. ",
"at 758 & n. 3. ",
"In contrast, the trustee in this case secured the trailer box containing the waste oil as required by DEP:\nIn the instant case, the trustee fully complied with appellant's requests to mark and secure the tractor trailer box and its contaminated contents. ",
"Having done this, appellant voiced no objection to allowing the trustee to hold a public auction sale on the surrounding premises. ",
"It seems unlikely that there were any *779 other safety concerns regarding the drums since they had been, with appellant's knowledge, stored in the same trailer box on the same property for in excess of two years, and since the estate was not generating any additional hazardous waste. ",
"Short of removing the oil herself, no additional safety precautions were necessary under the circumstances. ",
"The property was not abandoned without the estate adhering to conditions designed to protect the public's health and safety.",
"\nAppellee's Brief, at 11.",
"\nSecondly, the trustee notes that this case presents only the question of the characterization of DEP's claim (i.e., as an administrative expense or a prepetition debt), and not the question of responsibility for the cleanup operation, because the sequence of events in this case resulted in DEP removing the hazard before the trustee could formally abandon the hazardous waste. ",
"Based on the statute and Ohio v. Kovacs, 469 U.S. 274, 105 S.Ct. ",
"705, 83 L.Ed.2d 649 (1985), the trustee contends that the bankruptcy court properly characterized DEP's claim as an unsecured prepetition debt.",
"\n\nDISCUSSION\nAlthough Midlantic bears significantly on the issues raised by this appeal, it is not dispositive. ",
"Notwithstanding the request by the State of New York that its cleanup expenses be reimbursed as an administrative expense in Midlantic, the Court found that that question was not properly before it. ",
"See 106 S.Ct. ",
"at 758 n. 2.[4]\nThe decisions of other courts, both before and after Midlantic, reach varying conclusions. ",
"In In re T.P. Long Chemical, Inc., 45 B.R. 278 (Bankr.",
"N.D.Ohio 1985), the bankruptcy court considered whether the expenses incurred by the EPA in removing hazardous material, pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. §§ 9601-9615 (1982), were allowable as administrative expenses. ",
"Bankruptcy Judge White rejected the trustee's claim that the estate was not liable under CERCLA, finding that \"the debtor, and hence the debtor's estate, is a person as defined under CERCLA,\" 45 B.R. at 284, and that ownership of the drums gave rise to liability under CERCLA. ",
"The court further held that the estate could not escape liability under CERCLA by abandoning the drums, see id. at 286, and concluded:\nSince the estate cannot avoid the liability imposed by CERCLA, it follows that the cost incurred by the E.P.A. in discharging this liability is an actual necessary cost of preserving the estate entitled to administrative expense priority. . . . ",
"The necessity of the expense cannot be questioned since the removal of the wastes was an obligation of the estate under CERCLA.",
"\n45 B.R. at 286-87 (citation omitted).",
"\nThe Third Circuit in Southern Railway Co. v. Johnson Bronze Co., 758 F.2d 137 (3d Cir.1985), concluded on different facts that cleanup costs were not allowable as an administrative expense. ",
"There, the lessee, which was being ordered to clean up a hazardous waste site polluted by the bankrupt-lessor, had an indemnification agreement with the lessor pursuant to which the lessee sought to obtain priority status against the bankrupt estate on its claim for indemnification of cleanup costs. ",
"The court assumed without deciding that the lessee's rights against the bankrupt were identical to the rights of the state as against the bankrupt. ",
"Relying on Ohio v. Kovacs, 469 U.S. 274, 105 S.Ct. ",
"705, 83 L.Ed.2d 649 (1985), the court concluded that such a claim was a general unsecured claim. ",
"See 758 F.2d at 141.",
"\nIn In re Wall Tube and Metal Products Co., 56 B.R. 918 (Bankr.",
"E.D.Tenn.1986), the bankruptcy court declined to allow priority status to the costs of postpetition *780 sampling and analyses of hazardous wastes belonging to the chapter 7 estate. ",
"Because neither the estate nor its creditors were benefited, Judge Clive Bare rejected the argument that the costs of such testing were \"actually, necessary costs and expenses of preserving the estate,\" see id. at 924, quoting 11 U.S.C. § 503(b). ",
"The court also concluded that 28 U.S.C. § 959(b) did not require the trustee to manage and operate the estate in compliance with state law unless the trustee was operating the debtor's business. ",
"See 56 B.R. at 925-26. ",
"In Wall Tube, issued shortly before the Midlantic decision, the court was not asked to consider the abandonment issue.",
"\nIn In re Pierce Coal and Construction, Inc., 65 B.R. 521 (Bankr.",
"N.D.W.Va.1986), the court considered the priority status of reclamation costs for land disturbed by the debtor in the course of its mining operations.[5] The debtor in possession operated the business for more than a year after filing its chapter 11 petition. ",
"Then the trustee operated the business by leave of court for 30 days after the conversion to chapter 7. ",
"Following its review of the chapter 7 case law, the bankruptcy court held that the priority of reclamation costs would turn on the timing of the mining operations which gave rise to the reclamation expenses. ",
"Thus, costs incurred while the business was being operated under chapter 11, and by the chapter 7 trustee, were entitled to priority as administrative costs. ",
"The court concluded, however, with one exception, that prepetition costs could not be accorded administrative expense priority:\nThis court agrees with the proposition stated in the Southern Ry. ",
"Co. case, . . . [",
"that] the bankruptcy court has no authority to elevate a prepetition unsecured claim to an administrative priority.",
"\nThis Court does find an implied exception to the above-stated rule in Midlantic Nat. ",
"Bank v. N.J. Dept. ",
"of E.P., . . . ",
"The United States Supreme Court has indicated in its decision that where imminent and identifiable harm is present, the priorities of the Bankruptcy Code may be subservient to the environmental laws designed to protect the public safety. ",
"It is reasonable to expect that under a given set of circumstances, the necessary costs of protecting the public health or safety from imminent and identifiable harm may be elevated to administrative priority and, perhaps, even to a type of secured priority.",
"\n65 B.R. at 531 (emphasis added, citation omitted).",
"\nThe court agrees with the Pierce Coal court that Midlantic has altered the criteria for determining the allowance of administrative expenses under Bankruptcy Code § 503(b)(1)(A), such that the cleanup costs incurred by DEP may be entitled to treatment as administrative expenses in the circumstances of the present case.",
"\nThere is no dispute that the drums containing the PCB-contaminated waste oil were the property of the debtors, and hence became the responsibility of the trustee as property of the debtors' estate upon the filing of the chapter 7 petition. ",
"See 11 U.S.C. §§ 541(a), 323; T.P. Long, 45 B.R. at 283. ",
"The Midlantic message is that \"a trustee may not abandon property in contravention of a state statute or regulation that is reasonably designed to protect the public health or safety from identified hazards,\" 106 S.Ct. ",
"at 762. ",
"In this respect the present case seems indistinguishable from Midlantic: abandonment of drums of PCB-contaminated waste oil threaten public safety and contravene state laws reasonably designed to protect the public.[6]\n*781 Since the trustee cannot abandon hazardous waste and 28 U.S.C. § 959(b) requires that the trustee comply with valid state laws affecting such property, it follows that the cleanup of the hazardous waste remains the responsibility of the estate. ",
"The trustee argues, as some courts have held, including the bankruptcy court in this case, that section 959(b) only applies where the business is being operated under the aegis of the bankruptcy court, and not in a liquidating bankruptcy proceeding where the trustee is not \"managing and operating\" within the terms of section 959(b). ",
"See Wall Tube, 56 B.R. at 925-26; see generally Hennigan, Accommodating Regulatory Enforcement and Bankruptcy Protection, 59 Am.",
"Bankr.",
"L.J. 1, 14-15 (1985), and cases cited therein. ",
"Although these authorities appear to offer the fairer literal reading, Midlantic has effectively rewritten the relevant statutory provisions, i.e., 28 U.S.C. § 959(b) & Bankruptcy Code §§ 503(b)(1)(A) & 554(a).",
"\nThe Midlantic rationale for curbing the power of the bankruptcy court to authorize abandonment of hazardous wastes is that the public health and safety take precedence over the longstanding, but more parochial, concerns of efficient bankruptcy administration. ",
"The Supreme Court stated: \"the Bankruptcy Court does not have the power to authorize an abandonment without formulating conditions that will adequately protect the public's health and safety.\" ",
"106 S.Ct. ",
"at 762. ",
"Consistent with Midlantic, the bankruptcy court may only authorize an abandonment of hazardous wastes upon conditions which will provide adequate protection of the public health and safety. ",
"Often the very purpose, and in any event the inevitable legal consequence, of an abandonment is to work a release of the trustee and the estate from the custodial and attendant regulatory responsibilities imposed by law upon the possessor of property of the estate, which, by definition, upon abandonment no longer remains \"property of the estate.\" ",
"Midlantic leaves no room for the estate to avoid the administrative expense attendant upon its possession of hazardous waste, except upon the acquiescence of the public authorities whose ultimate legal obligation it is to protect the public health and safety from hazardous waste abandoned by those responsible for its existence.",
"\n*782 The trustee in bankruptcy in the present case flatly declined to accommodate the request of the responsible public authorities to agree to \". . . ",
"conditions that [would] adequately protect the public's health and safety,\" id., notwithstanding the availability of limited resources with which to do so. ",
"Unless Midlantic is to be disregarded, the trustee may not be permitted simply to walk away from hazardous wastes in circumstances where the bankruptcy court itself would be powerless to authorize their abandonment.",
"\nThe trustee was obligated to comply with valid Maine law regulating the disposal of hazardous waste.[7] Since the trustee did not arrange for its removal and disposal, the estate is liable for the costs incurred by the state in removing the waste oil. ",
"See Me.",
"Rev.Stat.",
"Ann. ",
"tit. ",
"38, § 1319-J (West Supp.1986) [\"any person who permits, causes or is responsible for a . . . ",
"threatened discharge of hazardous waste shall reimburse the State for all costs incurred, . . . ",
"in the removal of the . . . ",
"threatened discharge.\"]",
"\nThe trustee's remaining contention does not withstand analysis. ",
"The trustee argues that because DEP knew of the existence of the contaminated waste oil since 1981, and knew of its improper storage since 1982, DEP's claim for postpetition cleanup expenses should be treated as an unsecured prepetition debt. ",
"The trustee relies primarily on Ohio v. Kovacs, 469 U.S. 424, 105 S.Ct. ",
"705, 83 L.Ed.2d 649 (1985). ",
"But the facts in Kovacs differ significantly from the present case.",
"\nIn Kovacs, the debtor was personally obligated by a state court injunction to clean up a waste site and to pay damages. ",
"The debtor failed to comply with the injunction and a receiver was appointed to take possession of the assets of the debtor and his corporate co-defendants to implement the judgment and clean up the site. ",
"After the receiver was appointed, but before the judgment was satisfied, the debtor filed a personal bankruptcy petition. ",
"The receiver sought to discover the debtor's postpetition income and assets so as to develop a basis for requiring part of the debtor's postpetition income to be applied in satisfaction of the state court judgment. ",
"The state also sought a declaration from the bankruptcy court that the debtor's obligation under the state court judgment was not dischargeable in bankruptcy. ",
"See 105 S.Ct. ",
"at 707.",
"\nThe Supreme Court rejected the state's arguments. ",
"In view of the broad definition of \"debt\"[8] and the fact that the state had obtained a judgment against the debtor in the form of an injunction which the state sought to enforce through the appointment of a receiver, the Court concluded that what the state really sought was a money judgment:\n\n*783 The injunction surely obliged Kovacs to clean up the site. ",
"But when he failed to do so, rather than prosecute Kovacs under the environmental laws or bring civil or criminal contempt proceedings, the State secured the appointment of a receiver, who was ordered to take possession of all of Kovacs' nonexempt assets as well as the assets of the corporate defendants and to comply with the injunction entered against Kovacs. ",
"As wise as this course may have been, it dispossessed Kovacs, removed his authority over the site, and divested him of assets that might have been used by him to clean up the property. ",
"Furthermore, when the bankruptcy trustee sought to recover Kovacs' assets from the receiver, the latter sought an injunction against such action. ",
"Although Kovacs had been ordered to \"cooperate\" with the receiver, he was disabled by the receivership from personally taking charge of and carrying out the removal of wastes from the property. ",
"What the receiver wanted from Kovacs after bankruptcy was the money to defray cleanup costs.",
"\n\n. . . .",
"\nHad Kovacs furnished the necessary funds, either before or after bankruptcy, there seems little doubt that the receiver and the State would have been satisfied. ",
"On the facts before it, and with the receiver in control of the site, we cannot fault the Court of Appeals for concluding that the cleanup order had been converted into an obligation to pay money, an obligation that was dischargeable in bankruptcy.",
"\n105 S.Ct. ",
"at 710-11 (footnotes omitted, emphasis added).",
"\nThe Supreme Court emphasized that it was not deciding \"what the legal consequences would have been had Kovacs taken bankruptcy before a receiver had been appointed and a trustee had been designated with the usual duties of a bankruptcy trustee,\" 105 S.Ct. ",
"at 711, a situation closer to the facts of the present case. ",
"Significantly, the Court stated that\nwe do not question that anyone in possession of the site whether it is Kovacs or another in the event the receivership is liquidated and the trustee abandons the property, or a vendee from the receiver or the bankruptcy trustee must comply with the environmental laws of the State of Ohio. ",
"Plainly, that person or firm may not maintain a nuisance, pollute the waters of the State, or refuse to remove the source of such conditions.",
"\nId. at 711-12 (emphasis added).",
"\nThe quoted language, together with the holding in Midlantic, compels the result reached in the present case. ",
"The trustee could not abandon the hazardous waste, and therefore she must comply with state environmental laws. ",
"In contrast, the debtor in Kovacs had been dispossessed of the waste site by the state in the course of enforcing its judgment, and therefore could not comply with the state environmental laws. ",
"On its facts the holding in Kovacs is inapposite. ",
"Moreover, dicta in that decision support the result reached here.",
"\nImplicit in Midlantic is the recognition that in some circumstances the priorities of the Bankruptcy Code must give way to laws designed to protect the public health and safety. ",
"See Pierce Coal, 65 B.R. at 631; In re Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Co., 756 F.2d 517, 520 (7th Cir.1985) [dictum; claim for expenses might be entitled to administrative priority if expenses were necessary \"to avert an imminent danger.\" ",
"The transaction would benefit creditors by protecting the estate from tort liability]. ",
"The court finds that improper and illegal storage of waste oil containing PCB's constitutes an imminent and identifiable danger, and that the costs of protecting the public from that danger are entitled to treatment as costs of administration.",
"\nFor the foregoing reasons, the decision of the bankruptcy court that DEP is the holder of an unsecured claim is REVERSED; as the trustee concedes that the expenses claimed by DEP are reasonable, the case is REMANDED to the bankruptcy court for entry of judgment on the DEP *784 claim for $7,572.20 as an administrative expense, 11 U.S.C. § 503(b)(1)(A).",
"\nSO ORDERED.",
"\nNOTES\n[1] The letter to debtors defined \"adequate\" as follows:\n\nAfter the drums are marked they must be moved to an adequate storage area. ",
"This area must have an adequate roof and walls to protect the drums from rain. ",
"Further, an adequate floor with a 6\" curbing must be provided, the floor must be of an impervious material with no cracks or drains, and it must be capable of containing 25 percent of the liquid volume in the drums. ",
"The drums may not be held for disposal any later than January 1, 1984, (See Title 40, Part 761 Sections 1 through 45 of the Federal Register published May 31, 1979.)",
"\n[2] DEP also argued that it had a perfected lien on all of the debtors' assets to secure payment of $4,296.20 in prepetition costs. ",
"The bankruptcy court rejected that contention. ",
"DEP does not appeal.",
"\n[3] Section 959 provides:\n\n(a) Trustees, receiver or managers of any property, including debtors in possession, may be sued, without leave of the court appointing them, with respect to any of their acts or transactions in carrying on business connected with such property. ",
"Such actions shall be subject to the general equity power of such court so far as the same may be necessary to the ends of justice, but this shall not deprive a litigant of his right to trial by jury.",
"\n(b) Except as provided in section 1166 of title 11 . . . ",
"a trustee, receiver or manager appointed in any cause pending in any court of the United States, including a debtor in possession, shall manage and operate the property in his possession as such trustee, receiver or manager according to the requirements of the valid laws of the State in which such property is situated, in the same manner that the owner or possessor thereof would be bound to do if in possession thereof.",
"\n28 U.S.C. § 959 (1982).",
"\n[4] The administrative expense issue was never presented to the bankruptcy court in Midlantic, but was settled out of court.",
"\n[5] The debtor was required by state law to procure permits prior to undertaking any mining operation, and to post bonds to cover land reclamation costs. ",
"When the debtor failed to restore the land, the State Department of Natural Resources revoked the permits and made demand on the bonds. ",
"The issuer of the bonds then sought to recover from the debtor. ",
"Like the court in Southern, the court assumed that the private party liable for cleanup costs enjoyed the same rights against the debtor as did the state. ",
"See 65 B.R. at 525.",
"\n[6] Upon abandonment, title in the abandoned property passes from the bankrupt estate to any party having a prepetition possessory interest in the property. ",
"See Kovacs, 105 S.Ct. ",
"at 711 n. 12. ",
"In Midlantic, the Court did not address which state laws would be violated by this passage of title, but did note the dangers which would be posed by abandonment. ",
"See 106 S.Ct. ",
"at 758 & n. 3. ",
"In Quanta, the Third Circuit reasoned as follows:\n\nThe objections to abandonment filed by New York asserted that abandonment of the property would itself violate state and local law. ",
"This is because \"abandonment\" under Section 554 revests title subject to liens in Quanta, which has no other assets, having lost title to these in favor of the estate upon commencement of the bankruptcy case. ",
"11 U.S.C. § 541 (1982). ",
"Quanta was itself, then, unable to act with respect to the site. ",
"Thus abandonment would, in effect, constitute disposal of the hazardous wastes, see N.Y.Envtl.",
"Conserv.",
"Law § 71-2702 (McKinley Supp.1982) (\"disposal\"). ",
"In addition, abandonment of the facility in its then state of disrepair, itself irremediable by Quanta, would create a continuing violation of state and local hazardous waste storage laws, see supra.",
"\nIn re Quanta Resources, 739 F.2d 912, 914 (3d Cir.1984) (footnote omitted).",
"\nIn this and most other chapter 7 cases, abandonment by the trustee would result in revesting title in individual debtors who are without the resources to dispose of the hazardous waste, thus arguably rendering the estate liable pursuant to Me.",
"Rev.Stat.",
"Ann. ",
"tit. ",
"38, § 1319-J [the trustee would be \"permitting\" a threatened discharge]. ",
"The ongoing storage of the contaminated oil violates Maine law, see id. § 1306(1), and it may be that a revesting of the title in the debtors would constitute a prohibited discharge by the trustee, the responsible party. ",
"See Me. ",
"Rev.Stat.",
"Ann. ",
"tit. ",
"38, §§ 1317-A [prohibiting discharge of hazardous material], 1317 (defining discharge as including \"disposing\"], 1303(3) [defining \"disposal\" as including the placing of hazardous waste so that the hazardous waste may enter the environment]. ",
"Moreover, the revesting of title to the hazardous waste in an insolvent debtor clearly violates the express policy of the State of Maine. ",
"See id. § 1302 [\"waste oil, if not properly handled, is a threat to the public health, safety, and welfare and to the environment and therefore must be controlled].",
"\n[7] The trustee argues that compliance with local and state law is not necessary in view of the statement in Midlantic that \"the Bankruptcy Court does not have the power to authorize an abandonment without formulating conditions that will adequately protect the public's health and safety.\" ",
"106 S.Ct. ",
"at 762. ",
"Thus the trustee argues that she could have abandoned the drums after roping off the trailer box and posting warning signs, as these were conditions requested by DEP prior to the auction, and these conditions would reasonably protect the public. ",
"The court rejects this contention. ",
"The trustee's interpretation of Midlantic would have the bankruptcy court make what is a quintessential legislative determination that is, what set of conditions of hazardous waste storage will \"adequately protect the public's health and safety.\" ",
"The court finds that conditions that will adequately protect the public's health and safety are conditions that will provide for compliance with the relevant state and local laws. ",
"Here the trustee was expressly advised that the arrangements made for storage of those wastes were inadequate. ",
"See n. 1 supra & accompanying text.",
"\n[8] The Bankruptcy Code defines \"debt\" as \"liability on a claim.\" ",
"11 U.S.C. § 101(11). ",
"A \"claim\" means\n\n(A) right to payment, whether or not such right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured, or unsecured; or\n(B) right to an equitable remedy for breach of performance if such breach gives rise to a right to payment, whether or not such right to an equitable remedy is reduced to judgment, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, secured, or unsecured;\nId. § 101(4).",
"\n"
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[
"PRNDI Continuing Coverage: Abuse and Neglect at Lakeview\n\nNHPR’s Health and Science Reporter Jack Rodolico spent much of 2015 investigating Lakeview NeuroRehabilitation Center, a remote facility for people with brain injuries and intellectual disabilities. ",
"By the time the year closed, this obscure institution was something of a household name across the state.",
"\n\nThe reports uncovered far-reaching allegations of patient abuse and fraudulent billing practices at Lakeview. ",
"Along the way, Jack encountered a crusading mother who made secret recordings of state regulators in a desperate attempt to get someone to help her daughter, and his stories provided accountability as those same state regulators – after 30 years of inaction – cracked down and ultimately shuttered Lakeview.",
"\n\nJack continued reporting on Lakeview’s place in the state’s long history of shuttered institutions, and on what happened to those clients left with few options when Lakeview closed."
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"Improved synthesis and in vitro antiviral activities of 5-cyanouridine and 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine.",
"\nIn order to evaluate the influence of the cyano group on the antiviral activity of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides, a moderate yield, unified approach to the synthesis of both 5-cyanouridine and 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine was developed. ",
"Thus, treatment of the appropriate acetylated 5-bromouracil nucleoside with NaCN or KCN in Me2SO at 90-110 degrees C gave, after deblocking, 35-45% yields of the corresponding 5-cyanouracil nucleosides. ",
"5-Cyanouridine was devoid of significant activity against vaccinia virus, herpes simplex-1, and vesicular stomatitis virus, but 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine, while lacking activity against herpes simplex, showed significant inhibition of vaccina virus; for instance, 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine inhibited vaccinia virus replication at concentrations 10-20 times that required for inhibition by the known antivirals, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and 1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine. ",
"Replacement of the 5-halogeno substituents of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides thus decreases, but does not abolish, antiviral activity."
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