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"---\nabstract: 'It is known that in the unit distance graph of the lattice $\\mathbb{Z}^3\\subset\\mathbb{R}^3$ there exists a dominating set $S$ with $4$-cycles as sole induced components and each vertex of $\\mathbb{Z}^3\\setminus S$ having a unique neighbor in $S$. We show $S$ is unique.'",
"\ntitle: 'There is but one PDS in $\\mathbb{Z}^3$ inducing just square components'\n---\n\nPERFECT DOMINATING SETS, (PDSs) {#s1}\n===============================\n\nLet $\\Gamma=(V,E)$ be a graph and let $S\\subset V$. The closed neighborhood of a vertex $\\theta\\in V$ in $\\Gamma$ is denoted $N[\\theta]$. Let $[S]$ be the subgraph of $\\Gamma$ induced by $S$. The induced components of $S$, namely the connected components of $[S]$ in $\\Gamma$, are said to be the [*components*]{} of $S$. Several definitions of perfect dominating sets in graphs are considered in the literature [@HHS; @Klos]. ",
"We work with the following one [@W] denoted with the short acronym PDS, to make a distinctive difference:\n\n$S$ is a PDS of $\\Gamma$ $\\Leftrightarrow$ each vertex of $V\\setminus S$ has a unique neighbor in $S$.\n\nThis definition (of PDS) differs from that of a ‘perfect dominating set’ as in [@FH; @GS; @LS] (that for us is a stable PDS coinciding with the perfect code of [@Biggs] or with the efficient dominating set of [@BBS; @DS; @HHS]). ",
"With our not necessarily stable definition of perfect dominating set, denoted PDS, our main result, stated below as Theorem \\[mr\\], has a narrowing spirit as that of Theorem 2.6 of just cited [@LS].",
"\n\nLet $0<n\\in\\mathbb{Z}$. The following graphs are considered. ",
"The unit distance graph $\\Lambda_n$ of the $n\\cite{}$-dimensional integer lattice $\\mathbb{Z}^n\\subset\\mathbb{R}^n$ has vertex set $\\mathbb{Z}^n$ and exactly one edge between each two vertices if and only if their Euclidean distance is 1. ",
"An $n$-[*cube*]{} is the cartesian graph product $Q_n=K_2\\square K_2\\square\\cdots\\square K_2$ of precisely $n$ copies of the complete graph $K_2$. In particular, a 2-cube $Q_2$ is a square, that is a 4-cycle. ",
"A [*grid graph*]{} is the cartesian graph product of two path graphs.",
"\n\nOur definition of a PDS $S$ allows components of $S$ in $\\Gamma$ which are not isolated vertices. ",
"For example: [**(a)**]{} tilings with generalized Lee $r$-spheres, for fixed $r$ with $1<r\\le n$ in $\\mathbb{Z}$ (e.g., crosses with arms of length one if $r=n$), furnish $\\Lambda_n$ with PDSs whose components are $r$-cubes [@Etzion], including that of our Theorem \\[mr\\], below; (It is most remarkable that $r=n$ $\\Leftrightarrow$ $n\\in\\{2^r-1,3^r-1;0<r\\in\\mathbb{Z}\\}$ [@BE]); [**(b)**]{} [*total perfect codes*]{} [@AD; @KG], that is PDSs whose components are copies of $K_2=P_2$ in the $\\Lambda_n$s and grid graphs; (these appear as [*diameter perfect Lee codes*]{} [@E; @BH]); [**(c)**]{} PDSs in $n$-cubes [@BD; @D; @DD; @DP; @DW; @W], where $0<n\\in\\mathbb{Z}$, including the perfect codes of [@DM]; [**(d)**]{} PDSs in grid graphs [@DD; @KG].",
"\n\n\\[mr\\] There is only one PDS in $\\Lambda_3$ whose components are 4-cycles.",
"\n\nThis is proved as Theorem \\[t3\\] once some auxiliary notions are presented.",
"\n\nINDUCED COMPONENTS {#s2}\n==================\n\nThe [*distance*]{} $d(u,v)$ between two vertices $u$ and $v$ of $\\Lambda_n$ is defined as the minimum length of any path connecting $u$ and $v$. The following is an elementary extension of a result of [@W] for $n$-cubes.",
"\n\n\\[t1\\] Let $S$ be a [PDS]{} in $\\Lambda_n$. Let $J_S$ be a set of indices $j$ for the corresponding components $S^j$ of $S$. Each $S^j$ is a cartesian graph product of connected subgraphs of $\\Lambda_1$. Thus, if such $S^j$ is a finite subgraph $\\Theta$ of $\\Lambda_n$, then $S^j$ is of the form $P_{i_1^j}\\square P_{i_2^j}\\square\\cdots\\square P_{i_n^j},$ where $P_{i_k^j}$ is a path of length $i_k^j-1\\ge 0$, for $k=1,\\ldots,n$.\n\nA [PDS]{} in $\\Lambda_n$ whose components are all isomorphic to a fixed finite graph $\\Theta$ (as in Theorem \\[t1\\]) is called a [PDS]{}$[\\Theta]$. If no confusion arises, $n$-tuples representing elements of $\\mathbb{Z}^{n}$ are written with neither commas nor external parentheses. ",
"We denote $00\\ldots 0=O$, $10\\ldots 0=e_1$, $010\\ldots 0=e_2$, $\\ldots $, $00\\ldots 1=e_n$.\n\nAt the end of Section 6 of [@Etzion] (in the original setting of item (a) above in Section \\[s1\\]), all the indices $i_k^j$ of our Theorem \\[t1\\] are shown to be less than 2.",
"\n\nLATTICE-LIKE DOMINATING SETS {#s3}\n============================\n\nLet $\\Theta=(V,E)$ be a finite subgraph of $\\Lambda_n$ and let $z\\in\\mathbb{Z}^n$. Then $\\Theta+z$ denotes the graph $\\Theta'=(V',E')$, where $V'=V+z=\\{w$; there is $v\\in V,w=v+z\\}$ and $uv\\in E\\Leftrightarrow(u+z)(v+z)\\in E'$. Let $S$ be a PDS$[\\Theta]$ and let a copy $D$ of $\\Theta$ be a component of $S$. Then $S$ is said to be *lattice-like* if there is a lattice $L$ (that is, a subgroup $L$ of $\\mathbb{Z}^n$) so that $D'$ is a component of $S$ if and only if there is $z\\in L$ with $D'=D+z$. Examples above ([@Etzion; @BE; @E; @BH]) are lattice-like.",
"\n\nIf $S$ is a PDS$[\\Theta]$ with $\\Theta=(V,E)$, then $S$ can be seen as a tiling of $\\mathbb{Z}^n$ by the induced subgraph $\\Theta^*$ of $\\Lambda_n$ on the set $V^*=\\{v\\in\\mathbb{Z}^n;d(v,V)\\leq 1\\}$. Thus, a lattice-like tiling will be understood in the same way as a lattice-like PDS. ",
"We need the following form of Theorem 6 [@BH] for the proof of Theorem \\[t3\\]. ",
"Recall that given a graph $G$, the distance $d(v,H)$ between a vertex $v$ of $G$ and a subgraph $H$ of $G$ is the shortest distance between $v$ and the vertices of $H$.\n\n\\[C\\] Let $\\Theta$ be a subgraph of $\\Lambda_n$. Let $\\Theta^*$ be an induced supergraph of $\\Theta$ in $\\Lambda_n$ such that a vertex $v$ is in $\\Theta^*$ if and only if $d(v,\\Theta)\\leq 1$. Let $D=(V,E)$ be a copy of $\\Theta^*$ that contains vertices $O,e_1,\\ldots ,e_n$. Then, there is a lattice-like PDS$[\\Theta]$ if and only if there exists an abelian group $G$ of order $|V|$ and a group epimorphism $\\Phi :\\mathbb{Z}^n\\rightarrow G$ such that the restriction of $\\Phi$ to $V$ is a bijection.",
"\n\nTHE PROOF\n=========\n\n\\[t3\\] There do not exist non-lattice-like PDS$[Q_2]$s in $\\Lambda_3$. In addition, there exists exactly one lattice-like PDS$[Q_2]$ in $\\Lambda_3$.\n\n\n\n\n\nTheorem 8 [@Etzion] insures the existence of a PDS$[Q_2]$ in $\\Lambda_3$. In fact, the connected components of such PDS$[Q_2]$ are the generalized Lee spheres $S_{3,2,0}$ inside the corresponding generalized Lee spheres $S_{3,2,1}$ (in their inductive construction in Section 1 [@Etzion]) that form the lattice tiling $\\Lambda_{3,2}$ (in the notation of [@Etzion]) insured by that Theorem 8. ",
"According to the theorem, this $\\Lambda_{3,2}$ has generator matrix (as defined in Section 3 [@Etzion]):\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{gm}\n\\left(\n \\begin{array}{ccc}\n 1 & 0 & 3 \\\\\n 0 & 2 & 5 \\\\\n 0 & 0 & 10 \\\\\n \\end{array}\n \\right)\\end{aligned}$$\n\nIn terms of Theorem \\[C\\], the generator matrix (\\[gm\\]) corresponds to the group epimorphism $\\Phi:\\mathbb{Z}^3\\rightarrow G=\\mathbb{Z}_{20}$ given by $\\Phi(e_1)=2$; $\\Phi(e_2)=5$ and $\\Phi(e_3)=6$ where $\\Phi$ is obtained first by multiplying the matrix (\\[gm\\]) by an unknown vector and then solving the corresponding system of equations mod 20. ",
"To see that this is the only PDS$[Q_2]$ in $\\Lambda_3$, we note that there are only two possible abelian groups $G$ for the epimorphism $\\Phi$, namely: $G=\\mathbb{Z}_{20}$ and $G=\\mathbb{Z}_2\\times \\mathbb{Z}_2 \\times \\mathbb{Z}_5$. It can be easily checked [@Lucho] that [**(a)**]{} there are just $32$ epimorphism from $\\mathbb{Z}^3$ onto $G=\\mathbb{Z}_{20}$ and none from $\\mathbb{Z}^3$ onto $G=\\mathbb{Z}_{2}\\times \\mathbb{Z}_2\\times \\mathbb{Z}_5$; [**(b)**]{} every possible assignment for $\\Phi(e_1)$, $\\Phi(e_2)$ and $\\Phi(e_3)$ has order $10$, $10$ and $4$, respectively, in $\\mathbb{Z}_{20}$. As a result, all 4-cycles induced by each lattice-like PDS$[Q_2]$ associated (via Theorem \\[C\\]) to a corresponding of these $32$ epimorphisms are placed in the same way in $\\Lambda_3$. Each such lattice-like PDS$[Q_2]$ in $\\Lambda_3$ is equivalent to the one obtained via matrix (\\[gm\\]).",
"\n\nAssume there is a non-lattice-like PDS$[Q_2]$ $S$ in $\\Lambda_3$ so that the components of $[S]$ are 4-cycles $Q_2$; let $\\Theta=\\Theta_0$ be such a component. ",
"We may assume that $\\Theta_0$ has vertices $O$, $e_1$, $e_2$, $e_1+e_2$. The graph $\\Theta^*=\\Theta_0^*$ is contained in a graph $\\Theta_0'$ isomorphic to $P_4\\square P_4\\square P_3$ as on the left of Figure 1, where $\\Theta_0$ has its edges thick black, the rest of $\\Theta_0^*$ has them red and the rest of $\\Theta_0'$ has them green, thick for the paths between the eight corners (vertices of degree 3 in $\\Theta_0'$: $-e_1-e_2\\pm e_3$, $2e_1-e_2\\pm e_3$, $-e_1+2e_2\\pm e_3$, $2e_1+2e_2\\pm e_3$) and thin for the rest. ",
"The realization of $\\Theta_0^*$ in $\\mathbb{R}^3$ has convex hull containing tightly $\\Theta_0'$. Similar colors and traces are used in the representations in Figures 2-14, where: [**(I)**]{} The red thin-trace lines un Figures 2-3 and 4-5 represent edges incident to vertices in subgraphs $\\Theta^*$ (red thick-trace edges) involved in our arguments by contradiction, indicated by question marks (?); [**(",
"II)**]{} yellow squares in Figures 7-14 indicate where to paste accordingly (the front of) the top and (the back of) the lower parts of each figure to obtain a continuation of the lattice representation in each figure; [**(III)**]{} edges not mentioned in (I) or (II) are traced in dashed green color.",
"\n\nAssume no vertex of $\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*$ is in $S$. By symmetry there is a 1-factor $F$ in $\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*$ each of whose edges has an endvertex $\\notin V(\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*)$ dominated by a vertex in a 4-cycle induced by $S$. In each case we will reach a contradiction: $F$ is either as in case (a) or (b) below, depending on the feasible dispositions of four edges of $F$ over the four maximal paths of length 2 between the eight corners of $\\Theta_0'$, namely either with their eight endvertices having convex hull tightly containing a copy of $P_4\\square P_4\\square P_2$ (say convex hull $[-1,2]\\times[-1,2]\\times[-1,0]$) or not (in which case partial convex hulls $\\{-1\\}\\times[-1,2]\\times[-1,0]$ and $\\{ 2\\}\\times[-1,2]\\times[ 0,1]$ appear, not leading to a total convex hull as above), that we have respectively either as the four edges $f_1,f_5,f_{12},f_{13}$, for (a), or as the four edges $f_1,f_4,f_8,f_{12}$ for (b). ",
"These instances are: (with (a) further subdivided into subcases (a$_1$) and (a$_2$), below)\n\n[**(a)**]{} (Figure 2, top) The edges of $F$ are: $$\\begin{array}{lll}\n^{f_1\\,\\,=(-e_1-e_2,-e_1-e_2-e_3),}_{f_4\\,\\,=(-e_2-e_3,\\,\\,e_1-e_2-e_3),}&\n^{f_2\\,\\,=(-e_1+e_3,-e_1+e_2+e_3),}_{f_5\\,\\,=(\\,2e_1-e_2,\\,\\,2e_1-e_2-e_3),}&\n^{f_3\\,\\,=(-e_1-e_3,-e_1+e_2-e_3),}_{f_6\\,\\,=(2e_1+e_3\\,,2e_1+e_2+e_3),}\\\\\n^{f_7\\,\\,=(\\,2e_1-e_3,\\,\\,2e_1+e_2-e_3),}_{f_{10}=(e_1-e_2+e_3,2e_1-e_2+e_3),}&\n^{f_8\\,\\,=(2e_2+e_3,-e_1+2e_2+e_3),}_{f_{11}=(-e_2+e_3,\\,\\,-e_1-e_2+e_3),}&\n^{f_9\\,\\,=(e_1+2e_2+e_3,2e_1+2e_2+e_3),}_{f_{12}=(-e_1+2e_2,-e_1+2e_2-e_3),}\\\\\n^{f_{13}=(\\,2e_1+2e_2,2e_1+2e_2-e_3),}&^{f_{14}=(2e_2-e_3,\\,\\,\\,\\,\\,\\,e_1+2e_2-e_3).}&",
"\n\\end{array}$$\n\nWe may take step by step either option (a$_1$) or option (a$_2$) below (where, instead of saying that a vertex $v$ is dominated by an endvertex of an edge $f$, we simply say that $v$ is dominated by $f$, or that $v\\in(f)$), with $(f)$ representing the set of vertices dominated by the endvertices of $f$):\n\n[**(a$_1$)**]{} The first eight edges in (a) have each an endvertex dominated by a vertex in a 4-cycle. ",
"The involved 4-cycles contain the following edges:\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_1-e_1$ (the translation of $f_1$ via the vector $-e_1$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_2+e_3$ (forced, since $f_2-e_1$ dominates $-2e_1\\in(f_1-e_1)$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_3-e_3$ (forced, since $f_3-e_1$ contains $-2e_1-e_3\\in(f_1-e_1)$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_4-e_2$ (forced, since $f_4-e_3$ dominates $-e_1-e_2-2e_3\\in(f_3-e_3)$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_5+e_1$ (forced, since $f_4-e_2$ contains $2e_1-2e_2-e_3\\in(f_4-e_2)$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_6+e_3$ (forced, since $f_6+e_1$ dominates $3e_1\\in(f_5+e_1)$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_7-e_3$ (forced, since $f_7+e_1$ contains $3e_1-e_3\\in(f_5+e_1)$) and\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_8+e_2$ (forced, since $f_8+e_3$ dominates $-e_1+2e_2+2e_3\\in(f_2+e_3)$).",
"\n\nNow, there is no way for the edge $f_9$ to be dominated by a copy of $K_2$ external to $\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*$ (since $f_9+e_2$ contains $e_1+3e_2+e_3\\in(f_8+e_2)$ while $f_9+e_3$ contains $2e_1+2e_2+2e_3\\in(f_6+e_3)$), a contradiction.",
"\n\n[**(a$_2$)**]{} (Figure 2, bottom) The edges $f_1$, $f_5$ and $f_4$ have each one endvertex dominated by a vertex in a 4-cycle containing the respective edges $f_1-e_2$, $f_5-e_2$ (edge pair not contemplated in case (a$_1$)) and $f_4-e_3$ (forced, since $f_4-e_2$ contains vertex $-2e_2\\in(f_1-e_2)$). ",
"But then only one of $f_{11}$ and $f_{10}$ must be dominated by $f_{11}-e_2$ or $f_{10}-e_2$, while the remaining one must be dominated by $f_{11}-e_3$ or $f_{10}-e_3$, which produces a contradiction since $f_{11}-e_2\\in(f_1-e_2)$, and $f_{10}-e_2\\in(f_5-e_2)$.\n\n\n\n\n\n[**(b)**]{} (Figure 3) The edges of $F$ are: $$\\begin{array}{lll}\n^{f_1\\,\\,=(-e_1-e_2\\,\\,,\\,-e_1-e_2-e_3),}_{f_4\\,\\,=(-e_1+2e_2,-e_1+2e_2-e_3),}&\n^{f_2\\,\\,=(-e_1+e_3\\,\\,,\\,-e_1-e_2+e_3),}_{f_5\\,\\,=(\\,2e_2-e_3\\,\\,,\\,\\,\\,e_1+2e_2-e_3),}&\n^{f_3\\,\\,=(-e_1+e_2+e_3,-e_1+2e_2+e_3),}_{f_6\\,\\,=(\\,\\,2e_2+e_3\\,\\,,\\,\\,\\,e_1+2e_2+e_3),}\\\\\n^{f_7\\,\\,=(\\,2e_1+2e_2-e_3,\\,2e_1+e_2-e_3),}_{f_{10}=(-e_2-e_3\\,\\,,\\,\\,\\,e_1-e_2-e_3),}&\n^{f_8\\,\\,=(\\,\\,2e_1+2e_2,2e_1+2e_2+e_3),}_{f_{11}=(-e_2+e_3\\,\\,,\\,e_1-e_2+e_3),}&\n^{f_9\\,\\,=(\\,2e_1-e_3\\,\\,,\\,2e_1-e_2-e_3),}_{f_{12}=(\\,\\,2e_1-e_2\\,\\,,\\,2e_1-e_2+e_3),}\\\\\n^{f_{13}=(-e_1-e_3\\,\\,,-e_1+e_2-e_3),}&\n^{f_{14}=(\\,2e_1+e_3\\,\\,,\\,2e_1+e_2+e_3).}&\\\\\n\\end{array}$$\n\nWe may assume step by step that the first ten edges of $F$ have each an endvertex dominated by the copy of $K_2$ containing respectively:\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_1-e_1$,\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_2+e_3$ (forced, since $f_2-e_1$ contains $e_3-2e_1\\in(f_1-e_1)$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_3-e_1$ (forced, since $f_3+e_3$ contains $e_2+2e_3-e_1\\in(f_2+e_3)$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_4+e_2$ (forced, since $f_4-e_1$ contains $2e_2-2e_1\\in(f_3+e_1)$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_5-e_3$ (forced, since $f_5+e_2$ contains $3e_2-e_3\\in(f_4+e_2)$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_6+e_3$ (forced, since $f_6+e_2$ contains $3e_2+e_3\\in(f_4+e_2)$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_7+e_1$ (forced, since $f_7-e_3$ contains $2e_1+2e_2-2_3\\in(f_5-e_3)$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_8+e_2$ (forced, since $f_8+e_1$ contains $3e_1+2e_2\\in(f_7+e_1)$),\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_9-e_3$ (forced, since $f_9+e_1$ contains $3e_1-e_3\\in(f_7+e_1)$) and\n\n$\\bullet$ $f_{10}-e_2$ (forced, since $f_{10}-e_3$ contains $e_1-e_2-2e_3\\in(f_9-e_3)$).",
"\n\nNow, $f_{11}$ does not have an endvertex dominated by any copy of $K_2$ in the presence of the previous forced dominations of copies of $K_2$ (since $f_{11}-e_2$ dominates $\\{-2e_2,-2e_2\\}\\subset(f_{10}-e_2)$ while $f_{11}+e_3$ contains $2e_3-e_2\\in(f_2+e_3)$).",
"\n\nIf just one or three corners of $\\Theta_0'$ (in this second case, for corner distance triple either $(3,3,6)$ or $(3,5,8)$) were in $S$, the remaining vertices of $\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*$ forms no 1-factor $F$, contradicting the existence of $S$. (Figure 1, right, and Figure 4). ",
"In the case of one corner, let this corner be $\\theta_1=-e_1-e_2-e_3$, which dominates $\\theta_1+e_1,\\theta_1+e_2$ and $\\theta_1+e_3$. Then $F$ must contain: $$\\begin{array}{lll}\n^{f_1=(e_1-e_2-e_3,2e_1-e_2-e_3),}_{f_4=(-e_1+e_3,-e_1+e_2+e_3),}&\n^{f_2=(-e_1+e_2-e_3,-e_2+2e_2-e_3),}_{f_5=(2e_1-e_2,2e_1-e_2+e_3),}&\n^{f_3=(-e_2+2e_2,-e_2+2e_2+e_3),}_{f_6=(-e_1-e_2+e_3,-e_2+e_3).}",
"\n\\end{array}$$\n\nNow, $F$ should also contain $f_7=(e_1-e_2+e_3,2e_1-e_2+e_3)$, with its terminal vertex already present in $f_5$, a contradiction. ",
"With three corners and distance triple $(3,3,6)$, let these corners be $\\theta_1$, $\\theta_2=2e_1-e_2-e_3$ and $\\theta_3=2e_1+2e_2-e_3$. Then $F$ must contain $f_1=(-e_1+e_2-e_3,-e_1+2e_2-e_3)$ and $f_2=(-e_1+2e_2-e_3,2e_2-e_3)$ that have a vertex in common, a contradiction. ",
"With distance triple $(3,5,8)$, let the three corners be $\\theta_1$, $\\theta_2$ and $\\theta'_3=\\theta_3+2e_3$. Then $F$ must contain $f_1$ as above and $f'_2=f_2+2e_3$, leaving vertex $-e_1+2e_2$ not in $F$, another contradiction.",
"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWe will rule out the cases of only two corners of $\\Theta_0'$ being in $S$. If the two are at distance 3 (Figure 5) they may be taken up to symmetry as $\\theta_1=-e_1-e_2-e_3$ and $\\theta_2=2e_1-e_2-e_3$. In $\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*-N[\\theta_1]-N[\\theta_2]$, we note a unique 1-factor $F$, formed by edges $f_1=(-e_1-e_2+e_3,-e_2+e_3)$, $f_2=(e_1-e_2+e_3,2e_1-e_2+e_3)$, $f_3=(2e_1+e_3,2e_1+e_2+e_3)$, $f_4=(2e_1+2e_2,2e_1+2e_2+e_3)$, $f_5=(2e_2+e_3,e_1+2e_2+e_3)$, $f_6=(2e_2-e_3,e_1+2e_2-e_3)$, $f_7=(-e_1+2e_2-e_3,-e_1+e_2-e_3)$, etc. ",
"The copies of $K_2$ containing $f_1,\\ldots,f_6$ can be taken dominated, by symmetry and forcedly, by the copies of $K_2$ containing $f_1-e_2$, $f_2+e_3$, $f_3+e_1$, $f_4+e_2$, $f_5+e_3$ and $f_6-e_3$ respectively. ",
"The 4-cycle induced in $S$ that contains $\\theta_1$, also contains forcedly the vertices $\\theta_1-e_1$, $\\theta_1-e_1-e_3$ and $\\theta_1-e_3$. But then, $f_7$ cannot be dominated in $S$, a contradiction.",
"\n\nNow, assume that the two corners are at distance 5, (Figure 6). ",
"They may be taken up to symmetry as $\\theta_1=-e_1-e_2-e_3$ and $\\theta_2=2e_1-e_2+e_3$. In $\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*-N[\\theta_1]-N[\\theta_2]$ we observe a unique 1-factor $F$, formed by edges $f_1=(-e_1+e_2-e_3,-e_1+2e_2-e_3)$, $f_2=(e_1-e_2-e_3,2e_1-e_2-e_3)$, $f_3=(2e_2+e_3,e_1+2e_2+e_3)$, $f_4=(2e_1+2e_2,2e_1+2e_2-e_3)$, $f_5=(2e_1-e_3,2e_1+e_2-e_3)$, $f_6=(-e_1+e_3,-e_1+e_2+e_3)$, $f_7=(2e_2-e_3,e_1+2e_2-e_3)$, etc. ",
"If the edge $(\\theta_1,\\theta_1-e_3)$ is in $S$, then $f_1-e_1$, $f_6-e_3$, $f_3+e_2$, $f_4+e_1$ and $f_7-e_3$ dominate respectively $f_1$, $f_6$ $f_3$, $f_4$ and $f_7$. But then $f_5$ cannot be dominated in $S$, a contradiction. ",
"So, $F$ forces the 4-cycle with vertices $\\theta_1$, $\\theta_1-e_1$, $\\theta_1-e_1-e_2$ and $\\theta_1-e_2$ to be in $S$. In this case, the copies of $K_2$ associated to $f_1$, $f_2$, $f_7$ and $f_4$ are dominated respectively by the copies of $K_2$ containing $f_1-e_3$, $f_2-e_3$, $f_7+e_2$ and $f_4+e_1$. It follows that $f_5$ cannot be dominated by an edge at distance 1 from it in $\\Lambda_3-\\Theta_0'$, a contradiction.",
"\n\nIt is easy to see that two corners at distance 6 or 8 do not allow even the definition of a 1-factor $F$ in $\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*$ minus the two corners and their neighbors.",
"\n\nWe pass to consider the different cases of four corners of $S$ in $\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*$. The case of $S$ having three corners on the affine plane $<e_1,e_2>-e_3$ and one corner in the affine plane $<e_1,e_2>+e_3$, or viceversa, is readily seen to lead to no 1-factor $F$ in $\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*$ minus these corners and their neighbors. ",
"Else, either:\n\n[**Instance (A)**]{}: If the four corners in $S$ are $\\theta_1=-e_1-e_2-e_3$, $\\theta_2=2e_1-e_2-e_3$, $\\theta_3=-e_1+2e_2+e_3$ and $\\theta_4=2e_1+2e_2+e_3$, then a 1-factor $F$ of $\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*-\\cup_{i=1}^4 N[\\theta_i]$ is formed by the edges $f_1=(-e_1-e_2+e_3,-e_1+e_3)$, $f_2=(-e_1+e_2-e_3,-e_1+2e_2-e_3)$, $f_3=(-e_2+e_3,e_1-e_2+e_3)$, $f_4=(2e_1-e_2+e_3,2e_1+e_3)$, $f_5=(2e_1+e_2-e_3,2e_1+2e_2-e_3)$, $f_6=(2e_2-e_3,e_1+2e_2-e_3)$. We first rule out the case of the edges $(\\theta_1,\\theta_1-e_1)$ and $(\\theta_3,\\theta_3+e_3)$ being in $S$ (or any other pair of edges in the same relative geometrical positions as these two, with respect to $\\Theta_0'$). ",
"In this case, $f_1$ cannot be dominated by any copy of $K_2$: the two candidates, $f_1-e_1$ and $f_1+e_3$ cannot be in $S$. Because of this, three cases can be distinguished here up to symmetry, for the 4-cycles corresponding respectively to the four corners above, namely:\n\n\n\n\n\n[**(a)**]{} (Figure 7) $\\Theta_1=(\\theta_1,\\theta_1-e_1,\\theta_1-e_1-e_2,\\theta_1-e_2)$, $\\Theta_2=(\\theta_2,\\theta_2+e_1,\\theta_2+e_1-e_2,\\theta_2-e_2)$, $\\Theta_3=(\\theta_3,\\theta_1-e_1,\\theta_3-e_1-e_2,\\theta_3-e_2)$, $\\Theta_4=(\\theta_4,\\theta_2+e_1,\\theta_4+e_1-e_2,\\theta_4-e_2)$. Then the following edges must be in $S$, dominating forcedly the edges of $F$: $f_1+e_3$, $f_2-e_3$, $f_3-e_2$, $f_4+e_3$, $f_5-e_3$, $f_6+e_2$. The following 4-cycles are induced by $S$: $\\Theta_5=(-e_1+e_2-e_3,-e_1+2e_2-e_3,-e_1+2e_2-2e_3,-e_1+e_2-2e_3)$ and $\\Theta_6=(2e_1+e_2-e_3,2e_1+2e_2-e_3,2e_1+2e_2-2e_3,2e_1+e_2-2e_3)$. The graphs $\\Theta'_5-\\Theta^*_5$ and $\\Theta'_6-\\Theta^*_6$ have the respective vertices $x=-3e_3$ and $y=e_1-3e_3$ as non-corner vertices, so they cannot dominate $z=-2e_3$ and $w=e_1-2e_3$, yielding a contradiction.",
"\n\n[**(b)**]{} $\\Theta_1=(\\theta_1,\\theta_1-e_2,\\theta_1-e_2-e_3,\\theta_1-e_3)$, $\\Theta_2=(\\theta_2,\\theta_2-e_2,\\theta_2-e_2-e_3,\\theta_2-e_3)$, $\\Theta_3=(\\theta_3,\\theta_3+e_2,\\theta_3+e_2+e_3,\\theta_3+e_3)$, $\\Theta_4=(\\theta_4,\\theta_4+e_2,\\theta_4+e_2+e_3,\\theta_4+e_3)$. Then the following edges must be in $S$, dominating forcedly the edges of $F$: $f_1-e_1$, $f_2-e_1$, $f_4+e_1$, $f_5+e_1$ and possibly:\n\n[**(b$_1$)**]{} (Figures 8-9) $f_6+e_2$, in which case: [**(b$_{11}$)**]{} either $\\Theta_5=\\Theta_0-3e_3$ is in $S$ and dominates $\\Theta_0-2e_3$, so that $x=-e_1+e_2-2e_3$ cannot be dominated by any of its neighbors; [**(b$_{12}$)**]{} or $\\Theta_5=(-3e_3,e_1-3e_3,e_1-4e_3,-4e_3)$ is in $S$, so the end-vertices of the edge $g=(e_2-2e_3,e_1+e_2-2e_3)$ cannot be dominated by $S$;\n\n\n\n\n\n[**(b$_2$)**]{} (Figure 10) $f_6-e_3$, in which case the end vertices of the edge $g=(e_2-2e_3,e_1+e_2-2e_3)$ cannot be in $S$ or dominated by $S$, since $h=(e_2-3e_3,e_1+e_2-3e_3)$ cannot be in $S$.\n\n[**(c)**]{} (Figure 11) $\\Theta_1=(\\theta_1,\\theta_1-e_1,\\theta_1-e_1-e_2,\\theta_1-e_2)$, $\\Theta_2=(\\theta_2,\\theta_2-e_2,\\theta_2-e_2-e_3,\\theta_2-e_3)$, $\\Theta_3=(\\theta_3,\\theta_1-e_1,\\theta_3-e_1-e_2,\\theta_3-e_2)$, $\\Theta_4=(\\theta_4,\\theta_4+e_2,\\theta_4+e_2+e_3,\\theta_4+e_3)$. Then the following edges must be in $S$, dominating forcedly the edges of $F$: $f_1+e_3$, $f_2-e_3$, $f_3-e-2$, $f_4+e_1$, $f_5+e_1$, $f_6+e_2$. It follows that $x=-2e_3$ cannot be dominated by $S$.\n\nOr [**Instance (B)**]{}: For the rest, we need by symmetry only to consider the case in which the four corners of $S$ in $\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*$ are $\\theta_1=-e_1-e_2+e_3$, $\\theta_2=2e_1-e_2+e_3$, $\\theta_3=-e_1+2e_2+e_3$ and $\\theta_4=2e_1+2e_2+e_3$. In the intersection of the affine plane $<e_1,e_2>-e_3$ and $\\Theta_0'-\\Theta_0^*$, a 1-factor $F$ is formed by the edges of the copies of $K_2$ that should be dominated externally (off $\\Theta_0'$) by induced copies of $K_2$ in $S$ (parts themselves of 4-cycles induced by $S$). ",
"We may assume that this 1-factor is formed by the edges $f_1=(-e_2-e_3,e_1-e_2-e_3)$, $f_2=(2e_2-e_3,e_1+2e_2-e_3)$, $f_3=(-e_1-e_2-e_3,-e_1-e_3)$, $f_4=(-e_1+e_2-e_3,-e_1+2e_2-e_3)$, $f_5=(2e_1-e_2-e_3,2e_1-e_3)$ and $f_6=(2e_1+e_2-e_3,2e_1+2e_2-e_3)$. It is enough to consider by symmetry three cases of how $F$ could be dominated externally, as just mentioned, These cases have in common that $f_1$ is dominated by $f_1-e_2$, $f_3$ by $f_3-e_3$, $f_4$ by $f_4-e_1$, and differ in that:\n\n[**(a)**]{} (Figure 12) $f_2$ is dominated by $f_2+e_2$, $f_5$ by $f_5+e_1$, $f_6$ by $f_6-e_3$;\n\n[**(b)**]{} (Figure 13) $f_2$ is dominated by $f_2-e_3$, $f_5$ by $f_5-e_3$, $f_6$ by $f_6+e_1$;\n\n[**(c)**]{} (Figure 14) $f_2$ is dominated by $f_2+e_2$, $f_5$ by $f_5-e_3$, $f_6$ by $f_6+e_1$.\n\nIn either case, by considering the dominating 4-cycle $\\Theta_1=(-e_1-e_2-2e_3$, $-e_1-2e_3$, $-e_1-3e_3$, $-e_1-e_2-3e_3)$, the corresponding $\\Theta_1'-\\Theta_1^*$ contains two corners at distance 5, namely $x=-2e_2-e_3$ and $y=-2e_1+e_2-e_3$, which was ruled out above.",
"\n\nWe just finished showing that there do not exist non-lattice like PDS$[Q_2]$s in $\\Lambda_3$. Thus, the only standing case of a PDS$[Q_2]$ in $\\Lambda_3$ is the lattice-like one that remained by means of the commented programming code at the beginning of the present proof that leads to the generator matrix (\\[gm\\]) or its associated group epimorphism $\\Phi:\\mathbb{Z}^3\\rightarrow \\mathbb{Z}_{20}$. This establishes the statement of the theorem.",
"\n\n![",
"Four corners, instance (B), case [**(a)**]{}](co12.eps)\n\n![",
"Four corners, instance (B), case [**(b)**]{}](co13.eps)\n\n![",
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"Binding of human myeloperoxidase to red blood cells: Molecular targets and biophysical consequences at the plasma membrane level.",
"\nMyeloperoxidase (MPO) is an oxidant-producing enzyme that can also bind to cellular surface proteins. ",
"We found that band 3 protein and glycophorins A and B were the key MPO-binding targets of human red blood cells (RBCs). ",
"The interaction of MPO with RBC proteins was mostly electrostatic in nature because it was inhibited by desialation, exogenic sialic acid, high ionic strength, and extreme pH. In addition, MPO failed to interfere with the lectin-induced agglutination of RBCs, suggesting a minor role of glycan-recognizing mechanisms in MPO binding. ",
"Multiple biophysical properties of RBCs were altered in the presence of native (i.e., not hypochlorous acid-damaged) MPO. ",
"These changes included transmembrane potential, availability of intracellular Ca(2+), and lipid organization in the plasma membrane. ",
"MPO-treated erythrocytes became larger in size, structurally more rigid, and hypersensitive to acidic and osmotic hemolysis. ",
"Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between the plasma MPO concentration and RBC rigidity index in type-2 diabetes patients with coronary heart disease. ",
"These findings suggest that MPO functions as a mediator of novel regulatory mechanism in microcirculation, indicating the influence of MPO-induced abnormalities on RBC deformability under pathological stress conditions."
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[
"AMOR\n\nO Início\n\nO Meio\n\nO Fim\n\n“Quer viver um grande amor? ",
"Pergunte-me como.” ",
"Parece uma promessa de charlatão – afinal, não existe nada mais imprevisível que a paixão, certo? ",
"Milhões de palavras foram gastas, ao longo dos séculos, para descrever os mistérios dela. ",
"Do matemático Blaise Pascal (“o coração tem razões que a própria razão desconhece”) ao físico Albert Einstein (“como a ciência poderia explicar um fenômeno tão importante como o amor?”), ",
"todas as maiores mentes da humanidade se declararam impotentes frente aos mistérios e caprichos da paixão. ",
"Elas estavam erradas. ",
"A ciência está começando a descobrir que existe, sim, lógica no amor. ",
"E, quem sabe, até uma fórmula. ",
"Matemáticos da Universidade de Genebra estudaram 1074 casamentos, analisando diversas características dos cônjuges, e chegaram a uma fórmula do que seria o par ideal – com maior taxa de felicidade e menor risco de separação. ",
"A mulher deve ser 5 anos mais jovem e 27% mais inteligente do que o homem (o ideal é que ela tenha um diploma universitário, e ele não). ",
"E é preciso experimentar bastante antes de decidir: uma análise feita pelos estatísticos John Gilbert e Frederick Mosteller, da Universidade Harvard, apontou que, se você se relacionar com 100 pessoas durante a vida, suas chances de encontrar o par ideal só chegam ao auge na 38ª relação. ",
"Faça tudo isso e você será premiado com 57% mais chance de ser feliz. ",
"Mas, se você achou essas condições meio sem sentido, ou no mínimo difíceis de seguir, acertou. ",
"As conclusões são puramente estatísticas, ou seja, projetam um cenário ideal e não levam em conta as decisões que as pessoas realmente tomam: praticamente todos os casais estudados pelos cientistas suíços (para ser mais exato, 99,81%) não viviam seguindo à risca a fórmula. ",
"Afinal, as pessoas não são equações. ",
"São uma pilha de neurotransmissores, hormônios – e experiências.",
"\n\nImagine que você está numa festa. ",
"Muita gente interessante, troca de olhares, azaração. ",
"Na dança do acasalamento humano, os homens dão mais valor à beleza e à juventude – e as mulheres estão mais preocupadas com o nível socioeconômico do parceiro (sim, isso inclui dinheiro). ",
"Você provavelmente já sabe disso. ",
"É universal. “",
"Num levantamento que fizemos com 10 mil pessoas, em 37 países, essas diferenças sempre se mantiveram – independentemente de local, habitat, sistema cultural ou tipo de casamento”, afirma o psicólogo evolutivo David Buss, da Universidade do Texas, em seu livro A Evolução do Desejo. ",
"O que você não sabe é que essa diferença não é um clichê sexista – tem uma explicação cerebral. ",
"Quando o homem olha uma foto de sua mulher ou namorada, sua atividade cerebral se concentra nas áreas de processamento visual – como a área fusiforme, que processa as imagens de rostos. ",
"Já quando a mulher vê o homem, aciona circuitos relacionados a memória, atenção e motivação – como o corpo do núcleo caudato e do septo. ",
"Conclusão: para as mulheres, a beleza realmente não é o principal.",
"\n\nEla é importante. ",
"Mas não é um objetivo em si; é um instrumento que a mulher usa para descobrir mais sobre o homem. ",
"Um estudo da Universidade de Michigan comprovou que, quando estão cogitando ficar ou ter um caso passageiro, as mulheres costumam preferir homens de traços bem marcados, masculinos. ",
"Mas, na hora de pensar numa relação séria, optam pelos que têm traços mais delicados. ",
"Isso acontece porque os homens de traços duros costumam ser saudáveis e passar genes de boa qualidade para os descendentes – e por isso são considerados instintivamente atraentes pela mulher. ",
"Mas eles também geralmente têm mais testosterona – hormônio que aumenta a propensão à violência e à infidelidade.",
"\n\nOs semelhantes se atraem Em 68% dos relacionamentos sérios (e 53% dos passageiros), as pessoas são apresentadas por um conhecido. ",
"Cerca de 60% dos romances surgem em ambientes semiprivados, como escola, trabalho ou uma festa – lugares onde a afinidade entre as pessoas é naturalmente maior. ",
"Só 10% dos romances se originam em bares e baladas. ",
"COISA DE PELE\n\nHomens e mulheres preferem o odor de pessoas cujo sistema imunológico seja complementar ao deles (o que ajuda a gerar descendentes saudáveis). ",
"Mas cuidado com a pílula anticoncepcional: ela pode distorcer essa comunicação olfativa, fazendo a mulher perder a capacidade de reconhecer o que a atrai. ",
"PAIXÃO = AVENTURA\n\nQuer fazer o romance engatar? ",
"Procure fazer coisas novas e/ou excitantes junto com a outra pessoa – como viajar ou andar de montanha- russa. ",
"É sério. ",
"Esse tipo de atividade eleva o nível de dopamina no cérebro, ativando os mecanismos relacionados à paixão. ",
"Continua após a publicidade\n\nOu seja: os machões não são bons pares. ",
"E parecem estar saindo de moda. ",
"Pesquisadores da Universidade de Stirling, na Escócia, apresentaram uma série de fotos de homens para 4 791 mulheres de 30 países, entre eles o Brasil. ",
"E descobriram o seguinte: quanto melhor o sistema de saúde de um país, mais as mulheres preferem homens com traços femininos. ",
"Isso acontece porque, existindo menos doenças, as mulheres não dependem tanto de genes superfortes (presentes nos machões) para gerar descendentes saudáveis. ",
"E passam a preferir homens com rosto delicado. ",
"Mas o Brasil, caso você esteja se perguntando, ficou em último lugar no estudo – nossas mulheres, junto com as mexicanas, são as que mais preferem homens com cara de machão (Bélgica e Suécia, por outro lado, são o paraíso para os homens delicados). “",
"Homens muito atraentes costumam ir atrás da estratégia de reprodução mais conveniente para eles: as relações de curto prazo. ",
"Já os mais femininos tendem a ser melhores provedores”, afirmou a psicóloga Lise DeBruine, autora do estudo, ao jornal inglês The Guardian.",
"\n\nSeja como for, um pouquinho de feiúra pode até ajudar o homem. ",
"Um estudo feito em 2008 pela Universidade do Tennessee avaliou 82 casais e descobriu que, quando a mulher é linda e o homem apenas razoável, o casal se comporta de forma mais positiva, com mais harmonia e companheirismo. ",
"A tese é que, como o homem está recebendo algo que valoriza muito, a beleza, ele dá duro para manter o relacionamento – o que acaba melhorando seu convívio com a mulher.",
"\n\nChegue mais perto\n\nVocês se olharam, se interessaram, alguém tomou a iniciativa de ir falar com o outro. ",
"Antes mesmo de abrirem a boca, seus corpos já começaram a se comunicar. ",
"Sabe quando as pessoas dizem que “bateu uma coisa de pele”? ",
"Isso realmente existe. ",
"E tem fundamento científico. ",
"Preferimos pessoas cujo sistema imunológico seja complementar ao nosso, com quem possamos gerar descendentes geneticamente mais variados, com maior capacidade de resistir a doenças. ",
"E, como ninguém tem placa na testa dizendo qual tipo de sistema imunológico tem, o jeito que o corpo inventou de perceber e comunicar isso foi o cheiro.",
"\n\nOk, o cheiro combinou e vocês partiram para a conversa – que pode ou não dar certo. ",
"O que precisa acontecer para que ela não acabe num silêncio constrangedor depois de 10 minutos? ",
"Sua história pessoal, os valores da família, da comunidade, as relações que já viveu, tudo isso ajuda a moldar o que você espera das pessoas – principalmente aquelas com as quais pretende ter algum tipo de relacionamento amoroso. “",
"Enquanto crescemos, vamos criando um conceito da pessoa por quem iremos nos apaixonar, baseado nos exemplos que encontramos por aí. ",
"E os parceiros que encontramos podem corresponder a essa expectativa ou não”, explica Semir Zeki, neurologista da University College London e autor de estudos sobre o cérebro das pessoas apaixonadas. ",
"Existem muitos testes que ajudam a descobrir qual é o seu tipo de personalidade e saber quais outros combinam com ele.",
"\n\nMas o que vai acontecer daqui para a frente no relacionamento tem mais a ver com a dança de hormônios dentro da sua cabeça. ",
"Ou você já viu alguém tomar racionalmente a decisão de se apaixonar? ",
"A natureza criou 3 mecanismos cerebrais que controlam o amor nos seres humanos: luxúria, paixão/romance e ligação. ",
"O mecanismo da luxúria (desejo sexual) está ligado à quantidade do hormônio testosterona – tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. ",
"Já o impulso da paixão e do romance é alimentado pela dopamina. ",
"E o terceiro sistema, da ligação e do companheirismo, é alimentado pela ocitocina (na mulher) e pela vasopressina (no homem). ",
"Os 3 sistemas são independentes. ",
"Ou seja: uma mulher pode amar o marido, estar apaixonada pelo vizinho e sentir atração pelo Johnny Depp, tudo ao mesmo tempo. ",
"Uma confusão só. “",
"É como se houvesse uma reunião de comitê na sua cabeça”, brinca Helen Fisher. ",
"E, para complicar ainda mais as coisas, esses sistemas interferem uns com os outros. ",
"Uma coisa leva a outra, principalmente quando as pessoas vão para a cama. ",
"O sexo pode aumentar os níveis de dopamina – que provoca paixão e romance. ",
"E o orgasmo provoca a descarga de ocitocina e vasopressina – os hormônios da ligação. ",
"É por isso que, biologicamente, não existe sexo 100% sem compromisso. ",
"Você sempre corre o risco de acabar se apaixonando por alguém com quem não tinha intenção de se envolver.",
"\n\nE assim foi para vocês. ",
"A noite foi incrível, e parece que a paixão está começando a rolar. ",
"Como ter certeza? ",
"É fácil. ",
"Você vai ficar meio aéreo, passar a comer e dormir menos e ficar horas e horas pensando na pessoa amada – um comportamento compulsivo, similar ao dos viciados em drogas. ",
"É isso mesmo: o neurotransmissor da paixão, a dopamina, é o mesmo envolvido nos casos de dependência química. ",
"E mexe com uma parte muito profunda do cérebro: o núcleo accumbens, que controla o sistema de recompensa – mecanismo que faz o indivíduo buscar coisas prazerosas (como comida, sexo ou amor). ",
"Ele tem uma influência incrivelmente forte sobre nós. “",
"O sistema de recompensa avisa o cérebro sempre que uma coisa boa está para acontecer. ",
"Ficamos altamente motivados, antecipando o prazer que virá”, diz Suzana Herculano-Houzel, neurologista da UFRJ e autora do livro Sexo, Drogas, Rock’n’roll… & Chocolate – O Cérebro e os Prazeres da Vida Cotidiana.",
"\n\nA partir de agora, sua felicidade depende da outra pessoa. ",
"Se ela telefona ou manda um e-mail, você vai ao paraíso. ",
"Quando ela some, você vive uma agonia lenta, desesperada. ",
"Se você está sentindo tudo isso, comemore. ",
"Está apaixonado.",
"\n\nAMOR\n\nO Início\n\nO Meio\n\nO Fim"
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"High-throughput analysis of immunoglobulin G glycosylation.",
"\nGlycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is important for its effector functions and was shown to be related to age, sex and disease status of an individual. ",
"Adding glycomic information to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and large clinical trials is enabling insight into the functional relevance of changes in glycosylation, as well as molecular mechanisms behind these changes. ",
"Large-scale studies require sensitive, robust and affordable high-throughput methodologies for glycosylation analysis, which are currently available in only a limited number of laboratories. ",
"This review focuses on currently used high-throughput approaches for N-glycosylation analysis of IgG, as well as some recent advances in the areas of deglycosylation, trypsin digestion, labeling, purification, derivatization and automation of current workflows. ",
"Relevant literature was searched using the PubMed database. ",
"Expert commentary: Development, optimization and validation of robust, affordable and simple high-throughput glycosylation analysis methods is essential for discovery and validation of diagnostic and prognostic glycan biomarkers. ",
"Although significant advances in glycosylation analysis have been made in recent years, currently used protocols will have to be further optimized to enable subsequent analysis of glycosylation on all levels with the limited initial sample and in the minimal amount of time, which is still a challenging task."
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"Ronnie James Dio – This Is Your Life\n\nRonnie James Dio – This Is Your Life is a 2014 tribute album to singer-songwriter Ronnie James Dio, lead singer of several heavy metal bands including Elf, Rainbow, Black Sabbath, Heaven & Hell, and his own band Dio. ",
" The album features many of Dio's contemporaries performing songs originally recorded by Dio. ",
"Tenacious D won the Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance at the 57th Grammy Awards for their cover of \"The Last in Line\", and Anthrax were nominated in the same category for their cover of \"Neon Knights\".",
"\n\nDio died in 2010 from stomach cancer. ",
" Album proceeds were targeted for Dio's Stand Up and Shout Cancer Fund.",
"\n\nTrack listing\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nStand Up and Shout Cancer Fund\n\nCategory:Ronnie James Dio tribute albums\nCategory:2014 compilation albums\nCategory:Heavy metal compilation albums\nCategory:Rhino Records compilation albums"
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"[Regularity in the pattern of the metabolic reaction network].",
"\nA basically new approach to the presentation of information on metabolism based on the regularity in the pattern of metabolic reaction network is discussed. ",
"The existence of such regularity is theoretically substantiated. ",
"The metabolic charts of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and nitrogen-containing compounds with a regular structure are given. ",
"The possibilities of exploiting the regularity of the metabolic reaction network in the systematization of information relevant to the metabolism and prognostication of new information are considered."
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"Welcome to HVAC-Talk.com, a non-DIY site and the ultimate Source for HVAC Information & Knowledge Sharing for the industry professional! ",
"Here you can join over 150,000 HVAC Professionals & enthusiasts from around the world discussing all things related to HVAC/R. You are currently viewing as a NON-REGISTERED guest which gives you limited access to view discussions\n\nTo gain full access to our forums you must register; for a free account. ",
"As a registered Guest you will be able to:\n\nParticipate in over 40 different forums and search/browse from nearly 3 million posts.",
"\n\nGoodman Package Unit Question\n\nI have a 1997 Goodman outside package combo propane/AC unit for my home. ",
"It performs well and this was about the second time I have called for heat as it gets colder out.",
"\nWe had noticed in late afternoon yesterday that there was a 4 degree difference in the thermosat setting from the actual temperature which is more than normal. ",
"I checked our outside furnace and found that while the exhaust fan was running the furnace was not heating. ",
"I was close to calling a furnace repair company but after resetting the thermostat several minutes later everything was fine and has been since.",
"\nA year ago we had an issue with the propane supplier with low pressure in the underground lines that created a few similar issues but I can'r remember if it was the same exact issue.",
"\nMy initial thought was that it was the electronic igniter which had been replaced about 2 years ago but now that every thing is back to normal I am not sure. ",
"My concern of course is that it may not have been low pressure and it could happen again perhaps when we are away. ",
"Of course if I call HVAC repair now there is nothing obviously wrong to fix. ",
"Does an igniter either work or not work and the fact that things are now fine eliminate that as a potential problem? ",
"Any other thoughts would be appreciated.",
"\n\nIs this the only appliance on LP? ",
"Have seen cases where valve on LP tank is shut off during summer. ",
"When turned back on in the fall the line is empty, no LP, and if not bled off before starting unit it will not lite and lock out. ",
"After 2 or 3 resets LP makes it to unit and TA DA it works fine. ",
"Just a thought.",
"\n\nSorry to inform you sir (or madam) but if your Gooooman unit hasn't been serviced in a few years, now is the perfect time. ",
"I have found that most if not all Goooman package unit heat exchangers crack prematurely. ",
"Between 5 and 10 years. ",
"Thus resulting in a very unsafe condition. ",
"CO can be put in your house and you not even know it. ",
"Please have it checked to make sure it's in a safe working condition!!!!!",
"\n\nYou're only as good as your customer will allow you to be.........If they want junk, sell them junk, but make your junk look neat!!!",
"\n\nI do not have an LP tank. ",
"We have underground propane lines from the main propane supplier throughout our community. ",
"I do have a fireplace on propane but it has not been on since last year. ",
"Water tank is electric. ",
"I have heard about the Goodman heat exchanger issues apparently having to do with AC being routed thru heat exchanger and rusting out. ",
"Of course I am at 15 years without any problem. ",
"I do have a CO detector in the home though. ",
"That being said I do plan to replace the unit but was planning on waiting a year because natural gas lines are being run into our area to replace the very expensive propane. ",
"I won't have to have the expense of changing from propane to NG nozzles.",
"\nThe flame sensor becoming dirty is interesting. ",
"Is that the type issue that would clear up on its own as the furnace runs more?"
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"Influence of task demand characteristics on workload and performance.",
"\nTwo experiments are reported that examined the influence of variation in task demand on performance and workload. ",
"The first experiment considered how the manipulation of prior level of task demand affected subsequent workload and performance. ",
"The second experiment examined the effects on performance and workload of increments in the level of task demand. ",
"Results from the first study indicated that prior level of imposed task difficulty did affect response in a manner consistent with a scaling of workload in relation to previous task conditions. ",
"The second study demonstrated the primacy of absolute demand level over increments in that demand as influencing operator response. ",
"Overall, our results indicate that workload and performance are sensitive to multiple characteristics of the task and not instantaneous demand level alone. ",
"These findings are important in explaining why association and dissociation occur between task demand, operator efficiency, and perceived workload in differing performance contexts. ",
"The importance of these findings for the aviation psychologist in assessing pilot and operator workload is articulated."
] | {
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[
"Q:\n\nHow are dead languages reconstructed?",
"\n\nI'm really interested in Biblical studies, so I've often wondered this about the languages in the Bible. ",
"Namely, Greek (Koine), Hebrew, and Aramaic. ",
"\nI've tried looking into it, but I've never really been given a satisfactory answer. ",
"Usually, people will explain to me how we can determine the certain meaning of a word, using the modern form of the language, and languages of the same language family, but this does not explain how we came to figure out the grammar and syntax of a language, when many of its parts have no modern analogue. ",
"How did we figure out how μι verbs worked in Ancient Greek, for example? ",
"Or, how did we figure that א and ע were once pronounced? ",
"\nHow do we go about reconstructing the grammar and syntax of a dead language (mainly, I'm wondering how this was specifically done for the languages in the Bible, but an answer for how this is generally done for any dead language, or a focus on only one of them will be fine as well)? ",
"\nIs there any research that I could read about the subject?",
"\n\nA:\n\nThe main difference between dead languages and living languages in this respect is that it's possible with a living language to resolve an empirical question by interrogating a speaker of the language, and this is not possible with a dead language. ",
"Therefore is you want to know how the N. Saami word guossi is pronounced, you can ask a speaker to say it, and if you want to know if Ich habe gesagt das is grammatical in German, you can ask a speaker. ",
"If you want to know how Ancient Greek γλῶττα was pronounced or whether ʔəshaydxʷ ti stubš ci sɬaday is grammatical in Lushootseed, you'll have to use secondary sources since there are no native speakers of these languages. ",
"In dealing with dead languages, we analogize from what is known to a conclusion about the unknown, based on similarities. ",
"In fact, we usually do that with living languages, though we are not supposed to invent \"data\" by analogy to directly-elicited data. ",
"If there is a very large corpus of a dead language, there is a reasonable chance that a particular desired form in a paradigm is actually available and if not, there is probably a reasonable basis for conjecture based on what is known.",
"\nHowever: there can easily be severe limits on knowledge especially when it comes to matters of pronunciation. ",
"With very rare exceptions (most notably Sanskrit, and to a considerable extent Biblical Hebrew and Quranic Arabic), one cannot call on trained phonetic descriptions of ancient languages, whereas one can call on numerous trained phonetic descriptions of recently extinguished languages such as Tonkawa, and for Lushootseed there are recordings of native speakers. ",
"\n\n"
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[
"Technical Field\nThis disclosure relates to generally to bearing assemblies for drive shafts for pumps and more specifically to a lubricant retainer for a pump shaft bearing assembly.",
"\nBackground Art\nCentrifugal pumps are typically comprised of a pump housing having an axially positioned pump inlet, a discharge outlet and an opening into the pump housing for positioning a pump shaft. ",
"An impeller is positioned to rotate within the pump chamber and the impeller is connected to an end of the drive shaft for rotation.",
"\nThe drive shaft extends from the impeller, housed within the pump housing, to a drive motor that is located usually to the rear of the pump housing. ",
"The drive shaft is typically supported by two bearing assemblies to balance the considerable weight of the drive shaft. ",
"The bearing assemblies may each include a bearing housing that operates to provide means for cooling and/or lubricating the bearings highly viscous materials such as grease, or lower viscous materials such as oil or other suitable fluid. ",
"The different viscosities of these lubricants provide different problems in distribution through the bearing housing.",
"\nIn many pump assemblies, the pump shaft and bearing assemblies are supported on a pedestal, frame or support and the pump housing is cantilevered from the pedestal or frame. ",
"The pedestal or frame is located between the pump housing and the drive motor."
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"More effort - more results: recent advances in integrative 'omics' data analysis.",
"\nThe development of 'omics' technologies has progressed to address complex biological questions that underlie various plant functions thereby producing copious amounts of data. ",
"The need to assimilate large amounts of data into biologically meaningful interpretations has necessitated the development of statistical methods to integrate multidimensional information. ",
"Throughout this review, we provide examples of recent outcomes of 'omics' data integration together with an overview of available statistical methods and tools."
] | {
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[
" NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE\n APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION\n This opinion shall not \"constitute precedent or be binding upon any court.\"",
"\n Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the\n parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. ",
"R. 1:36-3.",
"\n\n\n\n\n SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY\n APPELLATE DIVISION\n DOCKET NO. ",
"A-5043-16T2\n\nPIDOR DUONG and SOPHY SUN,\n\n Plaintiffs-Appellants,\n\n v.\n\nDALE STEIN and ELLEN STEIN,\n\n Defendants-Respondents.",
"\n__________________________________\n\n Submitted June 18, 2018 – Decided July 5, 2018\n\n Before Judges Fisher and Fasciale.",
"\n\n On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,\n Law Division, Camden County, Docket No. ",
"DC-\n 002310-17.",
"\n\n Law Offices of David J. Khawam, LLC, attorneys\n for appellants (David J. Khawam, on the\n brief).",
"\n\n Subranni Zauber LLC, attorneys for respondents\n (Scott J. Good, on the brief).",
"\n\nPER CURIAM\n\n This appeal requires consideration of a mortgage contingency\n\nclause in a real estate contract and whether buyers, who obtained\n\na mortgage commitment but failed to meet all the lender's\n\fconditions, was entitled to rescission of the contract. ",
"Because\n\nthe factual record leaves no doubt that buyers' failure to comply\n\nwith all the lender's conditions was not an impediment to closing,\n\nwe affirm the motion judge's entry of summary judgment in favor\n\nof sellers.",
"\n\n This action was commenced in special civil part by plaintiffs\n\nPidor Duong and Sophy Sun (buyers) against defendants Dale and\n\nEllen Stein (sellers) for a return of a $3000 deposit made pursuant\n\nto the contract buyers executed, on September 5, 2016, to purchase\n\nfrom sellers a Cherry Hill residence for $295,000. ",
"Sellers filed\n\na counterclaim, asserting their entitlement not only to the deposit\n\nbut also to damages caused by buyers' failure to close.",
"\n\n The parties cross-moved for summary judgment. ",
"The motion\n\njudge denied buyers' motion and granted sellers' motion. ",
"The judge\n\ndetermined that sellers were entitled to the $3000 deposit and\n\n$12,000 in damages.",
"\n\n Buyers appeal, arguing:\n\n I. . . . ",
"GENUINE ISSUES OF MATERIAL FACTS\n EXISTED WHICH SHOULD HAVE PRECLUDED SUMMARY\n JUDGMENT (Not Raised Below).",
"\n\n II. ",
"THE COURT ERRONEOUSLY ASSUMED THAT\n [BUYERS] AND THEIR BANK COLLUDED TO EXIT THE\n CONTRACT WITHOUT MERIT NOR [sic] PROOF.",
"\n\n\n\n\n 2 A-5043-16T2\n\f III. ",
"THE COURT'S APPLICATION OF THE MALUS[1]\n HOLDING WAS INAPPOSITE GIVEN THE NATURE OF THE\n CONTRACT.",
"\n\n IV. ",
"THE COURT SHOULD LOOK TO FARREL v. JANIK[2]\n . . . ",
"OR DAVIS v. STRAZZA[3] . . . ",
"FOR HOLDING.",
"\n\nWe find insufficient merit in these arguments to warrant further\n\ndiscussion. ",
"R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E). ",
"We add only the following few\n\ncomments.",
"\n\n The relevant facts were not in dispute. ",
"The contract was\n\nconditioned upon buyers obtaining a $236,000 mortgage and imposed\n\non buyers the duty to \"supply all necessary information\" to the\n\nproposed lender. ",
"That same provision required that buyers deliver\n\n– no later than October 3, 2016 – a written mortgage commitment,\n\nwhile allowing a five-day extension of that deadline. ",
"That clause\n\nalso called for rescission and return of buyers' deposit if buyers\n\nwere unable to obtain the mortgage commitment. ",
" That clause,\n\nhowever, also declared that if:\n\n the failure to obtain the mortgage commitment\n is the result of [buyers'] bad faith,\n negligence, intentional conduct or failure to\n diligently pursue the mortgage application,\n then [buyers would not be entitled to the\n deposit] without the written authorization of\n [sellers].",
"\n\n\n1\n Malus v. Hager, 312 N.J. Super. ",
"483 (App. ",
"Div. ",
"1998).",
"\n2\n Farrell v. Janik, 225 N.J. Super. ",
"282 (Law Div. ",
"1988).",
"\n3\n Davis v. Strazza, 380 N.J. Super. ",
"476 (App. ",
"Div. ",
"2005).",
"\n\n 3 A-5043-16T2\n\fThe contract contained the buyers' representation that they had\n\n\"all necessary cash assets . . . ",
"to complete the [c]losing.\"",
"\n\n It was also undisputed that the parties agreed to a brief\n\nextension, and the buyers provided a written mortgage commitment\n\non October 6, 2016. ",
"The dispute that inspires the issues before\n\nus concerns the fact that two days before the October 17 closing,\n\nthe lender withdrew the mortgage commitment; its notice advised\n\nthis action was taken because the buyers lacked sufficient funds\n\nto close.",
"\n\n According to buyers' moving certification, the lender's\n\nrequirements about the source of certain deposited cash was not\n\nmet because that information was in Cambodia,4 even though this\n\n\n\n4\n Buyer Sophy Sun certified that the lender determined her account\nwas \"short $10,463\" to close the transaction, causing her last-\nminute communications with her father in Cambodia. ",
"She explained\nthat:\n\n 15. ",
"On October 12, 2016, my father gifted me\n $20,000 which was wired into my bank account.",
"\n Those funds were to be used to cover the\n $10,643.",
"\n\n 16. ",
"I notified the Bank of the $20,000 gift.",
"\n\n 17. ",
"On October 13, 2016, at 6:46 a.m., the day\n before the Bank required satisfaction of the\n conditions to the mortgage commitment, the\n Bank requested additional information to\n document the $20,000 gift, including, but not\n limited to, a gift letter which had to be\n\n\n 4 A-5043-16T2\n\fcondition had been made known to buyers when the lender issued its\n\nmortgage commitment.",
"\n\n In seeking summary judgment, sellers asserted that the\n\nlender's condition was met prior to the closing, as buyers' moving\n\npapers acknowledged, and that sellers expressed a willingness to\n\nextend the time for closing until October 31. ",
"There is no dispute\n\nthat the buyers declined this extension offer, which would have\n\nprovided additional time to secure the lender's reinstatement of\n\nthe commitment, claiming only – without explanation – \"it would\n\nnot benefit either party.\" ",
"Sellers contend the buyers simply chose\n\nnot to proceed further – that they were concerned about the cost\n\nof flood insurance – and attempted to justify their withdrawal\n\nfrom the transaction by the loss of the mortgage commitment.",
"\n\n\n\n signed by my father and my father's account\n statements from his bank in Cambodia.",
"\n\n 18. ",
"At the time of the Bank's request, my\n father was home in Cambodia, which is eleven\n (11) hours ahead of Eastern Standard Time. ",
"By\n the time I received the Bank's request, it was\n after business hours in Cambodia.",
"\n\n 19. ",
"As a result, I was unable to provide the\n requested documents before October 14, 2016.",
"\n\n 20. ",
"On October 14, 2016, the Bank sent me a\n Notice of Action Taken which denied our loan\n application.",
"\n\n [Citations omitted.]",
"\n\n 5 A-5043-16T2\n\f There was also no dispute that, on October 28, 2016, buyers\n\ncontracted to purchase another Cherry Hill residence and obtained\n\na mortgage loan from the same lender. ",
"That transaction closed on\n\nNovember 18, 2016. ",
"Meanwhile, sellers put their residence back on\n\nthe market but were unable to sell their property until May 2017.",
"\n\nThey also realized approximately $17,000 less than they would have\n\nhad buyers not failed to go to closing in October 2016.",
"\n\n The judge found no relevant factual dispute and concluded\n\nthat buyers' failure to close the transaction after securing the\n\nmortgage commitment warranted a judgment in sellers' favor. ",
"He\n\nalso determined that sellers were entitled to damages, as evidenced\n\nby the undisputed fact – among other things – that they realized\n\napproximately $17,000 less from a later transaction; the deposit\n\nwas forfeited to sellers and $12,000 damages were awarded because\n\nthe special civil part jurisdictional limit permitted no greater\n\naward. ",
"See R. 6:1-2(a)(1).",
"\n\n We agree that sellers were entitled to summary judgment and\n\naffirm in all respects. ",
"Buyers provided no sworn statements that\n\nwould create a genuine issue of fact regarding their failure to\n\nclose. ",
"They rely only on a contention that the lender's withdrawal\n\nof the commitment because of the absence of sourcing of a monetary\n\ngift justified their withdrawal from the transaction. ",
"Even if a\n\ngood faith failure to meet all the conditions of the mortgage\n\n 6 A-5043-16T2\n\fcommitment was a cause for excusing their failure to close – we\n\nhave held to the contrary, Malus, 312 N.J. Super. ",
" at 487\n\n(concluding that an \"unknowing and blameless seller\" was entitled\n\nto damages when a buyer lost a mortgage commitment because he lost\n\nhis employment two days before closing) – the record one-sidedly\n\nreveals that buyers' attempts to justify their failure to meet one\n\nof those conditions – all others having been satisfied – was not\n\nthe real basis for their failure to close. ",
"Instead, as the record\n\nreveals, even if this was a real concern and not a \"dog-ate-my-\n\nhomework\" excuse as it very much appears, the sellers provided\n\nbuyers with an opportunity to meet that condition and buyers simply\n\nchose to walk away and purchase some other property rather than\n\nhonor their promise to buy. ",
"Even at the summary-judgment stage,\n\nthe buyers' actions here could not be equated with good faith.",
"\n\n Affirmed.",
"\n\n\n\n\n 7 A-5043-16T2\n\f"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
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[
"Chain-Reaction Crash Closes Portion of I-95\n\nBy Alan Sipress; Josh WhiteDecember 15, 1999\n\nA chain-reaction collision yesterday involving three trucks, including a tractor-trailer hauling lethal chemicals, closed part of Interstate 95 south of Fredericksburg, Va., for much of the day and kept nearby schools from opening.",
"\n\nPolice allowed northbound lanes to reopen after they determined that no hazardous material had leaked as the result of the predawn crash. ",
"But the southbound lanes remained closed until the disabled trucks were cleared about 3 p.m., backing up traffic for at least six miles from the accident site between the Massaponax and Thornburg exits of the highway.",
"\n\nAs a plume of black smoke rose from the wreck, hazardous-material teams were dispatched to the site after police spotted a placard on one of the trucks warning that it was hauling a poisonous cargo. ",
"Two state troopers who got there first were quarantined by the side of the highway for several hours, and one of the truck drivers remained trapped in his cab for four hours until emergency crews concluded that it was safe to approach the chemical truck, which was hauling 16 cylinders of methyl bromide. ",
"No one was seriously injured.",
"\n\nThree area schools separated from the interstate by a thinly wooded strip of land stayed closed for the day, affecting about 3,000 students at Massaponax High School, Thornburg Middle School and Riverview Elementary School.",
"\n\nMethyl bromide is a colorless gas typically used as a pesticide for controlling insects and rodents, primarily in agriculture but also in fumigating buildings. ",
"Exposure to the gas, which is gradually being banned by federal regulation because it contributes to depletion of the ozone layer, can harm the lungs, eyes and skin and cause fatal damage to the central nervous system.",
"\n\n\"It could have been much worse,\" said state police spokeswoman Lucy Caldwell. \"",
"Due to the extreme nature and volatility of this material and the smoke coming from the wreck, you can't take any chances endangering other lives. ",
"We're very fortunate that it didn't breach [the chemical] containers.\"",
"\n\nWhile emergency crews evaluated the level of danger, thousands of motorists were detoured from I-95 onto Route 1. ",
"Thomas Drake, 42, an ink technician from Ladysmith, Va., said his typical 15-minute drive into Fredericksburg lasted more than an hour. \"",
"It was pretty hung up all the way through with tractor-trailers and cars everywhere,\" Drake said. \"",
"You don't realize how much traffic goes up and down 95 until you see it all on Route 1.\"",
"\n\nRoosevelt Johnson, 59, of Lake Anna, said he was ambushed by the massive backup because he had been listening to gospel music rather than traffic reports. \"",
"Everyone seemed to be aware of the accident but me,\" he said.",
"\n\nThe collision occurred about 5:30 a.m. after the driver of a Toyota Camry lost control while headed south on the rain-soaked interstate and went into a spin, police said. ",
"The car, driven by Anna McCollum, 43, of Richmond, struck a truck hauling pet food to Florida, which in turn jackknifed, blocking all three southbound lanes.",
"\n\nThe driver of the dual-trailer rig hauling the toxic chemicals from Baltimore to Charlotte, N.C., braked to avoid a crash. ",
"But it was struck from behind by a third truck and plowed into the disabled truck ahead, and one of the two trailers on the chemical-carrying truck overturned. ",
"The impact demolished the cab of the third truck, which was carrying boxes of fabric softener to Florida.",
"\n\n\"Once we heard that there was a cloud, the worst scenario came into our heads,\" said Reggie Phillips, spokesman for the Fredericksburg Fire Department. \"",
"We couldn't be sure what we were dealing with, and we had to make sure that it wasn't going to be a threat.\"",
"\n\nThe driver of the chemical truck, Jim Chandler, 61, of Charlotte, was uninjured, while McCollum and Marvin McDell Jr., 33, of Mobile, Ala., who was driving the pet food truck, were treated at Mary Washington Hospital in Fredericksburg and released. ",
"Despite being trapped inside his crushed cab, the driver of the last truck, Robert Dickle, 39, of Charlestown, N.H., was also treated and released. ",
"State police said they filed reckless-driving charges against Dickle."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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0.0009909921791404486,
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] | 0.00253 | 28 |
[
"Fine structural study of the regeneration of muscle fibers in the rat soleus muscle during aging.",
"\nWe examined the regeneration of muscle fibers in the soleus muscle of mature (12 months) and aged (24 and 27 months) rats by using electron microscopy. ",
"In both mature and aged muscles, regenerating muscle fibers were mainly formed within the scaffolds of basal laminae after necrosis. ",
"In the aged muscle, however, satellite cells within the scaffolds were occasionally destroyed, and immature muscle cells occurred in and around muscle bundles. ",
"These findings suggest that new muscle fibers formed in the interstitial spaces may contribute to the total number of regenerated muscle fibers. ",
"The origin of the immature muscle cells is briefly discussed."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
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0.0008210540399886668,
0.0006170780397951603,
0.000614345190115273
] | 0.000719 | 6 |
[
"Eppich House 2 is a name fitting for a unique home, and that is most certainly what we have here. ",
"Designed by world renowned Canadian architect Arthur Erickson and situated in West Vancouver, although it seems like it’s in own little world here.",
"\n\nBuilt in 1988 in a style that will forever be admired and highly sought after, and for the first time ever it’s on the market. ",
"We just know there’s more than a few people across the globe that will be jumping at the chance to own this masterpiece.",
"\n\nEppich House 2 has just over 7,000 square feet of living space inside and out. ",
"The lot itself is 1.18 acres and is very, very private thanks to the design of the home and the surrounding natural landscape. ",
"The striking design of this place however is enjoyed from any angle, both inside and out.",
"\n\nThis home has four bedrooms with four and a half bath throughout this steel and glass house. ",
"it’s not on the market for a cool $16,800,000 CAD and it’s listed with Eric Latta of Sotheby’s International Realty. ",
"I’m hoping the next owner takes care of this one of a kind home for generations to come so good luck to the upcoming buyer.",
"\n\nEppich House 2"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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0.0006809579208493233,
0.0015849815681576729
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[
"Structural changes of benzylether derivatives of vesamicol and their influence on the binding selectivity to the vesicular acetylcholine transporter.",
"\n18F labelled vesamicol analogues, which bind to the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in central cholinergic nerve terminals, are expected to be potential radioligands for the visualisation of cholinergic transmission deficits via positron emission tomography (PET). ",
"In this report the regioselective synthesis of five novel vesamicol analogues as well as their in vitro binding properties to the VAChT are described. ",
"Beside having the 4-fluorobenzylether-substitution at the cyclohexyl ring as an unique structural feature, the new compounds are additionally modified at the phenyl and piperidine moiety of the vesamicol skeleton. ",
"The affinity and selectivity to the VAChT were analysed by competitive binding studies using tritium labelled radioligands. ",
"The VAChT affinities (Ki-values) of the novel compounds were estimated ranging between 7.8+/-3.5 nM and 161.6+/-17.3 nM, thus some of them are binding with higher affinity to the transporter than vesamicol. ",
"However, the compounds tested demonstrated also affinities to the sigma receptors sigma1 and sigma2 ranging between 4.1+/-1.5 nM and 327.5+/-75.9 nM. Nevertheless, these data provide the basis for future structure-binding-studies and further underline the potential and usefulness of vesamicol analogues for imaging of the VAChT."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
0.0006707796710543334,
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0.0007246299064718187,
0.0007569184526801109,
0.0006162519566714764,
0.0005448958254419267
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[
"Q:\n\nCan't reference JPAApi\n\nThis is my build.sbt\nname := \"untitled\"\n\nversion := \"1.0\"\n\nlazy val `untitled` = (project in file(\".",
"\")).enablePlugins(PlayJava)\n\nscalaVersion := \"2.11.7\"\n\nlibraryDependencies ++= Seq(javaJpa.exclude(\"org.hibernate.javax.persistence\", \"hibernate-jpa-2.0-api\"),\n \"org.hibernate\" % \"hibernate-entitymanager\" % \"4.3.5.Final\",\n javaJdbc , cache , javaWs , \"mysql\" % \"mysql-connector-java\" % \"5.1.36\")\n\nunmanagedResourceDirectories in Test <+= baseDirectory ( _ /\"target/web/public/test\" ) \n\nI want to use Hibernate with Play Framework 2.4.2. ",
"My plugins.sbt:\naddSbtPlugin(\"com.typesafe.play\" % \"sbt-plugin\" % \"2.4.2\")\n\nI'm trying to access JPAApi but the IDE isn't recognizing it. ",
"Any idea what imports I'm missing?",
"\nApologize if this sounds trivial but I just spent a couple of hours trying to achieve something to no avail.",
"\n\nA:\n\nSo apparently my sbt file is fine, this might sound silly but what fixed the problem is reloading IntelliJ, now it sees all the classes and I can reference the new JPAApi\n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} | [
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0.000946451851632446,
0.0010183631675317883,
0.0005556599935516715,
0.005033629015088081
] | 0.001594 | 6 |
[
"Blocking Fasciola hepatica's energy metabolism - a pilot study of vaccine potential of a novel gene - phosphoglycerate kinase.",
"\nFasciola hepatica infections cause huge economic losses to livestock production and are a serious problem in human and veterinary medicine. ",
"The main difficulty in the control of infections is progressing drug resistance. ",
"Moreover, pharmacological therapy is expensive and harmful for the environment. ",
"The best way of prophylaxis against infections seems to be vaccination. ",
"A new generation of vaccines could be the best possible way of controlling fasciolosis. ",
"This paper is focused on first vaccination trials based on a new vaccine candidate antigen, F. hepatica phosphoglycerate kinase (FhPGK) performed on a rat model. ",
"We obtained protection levels ranging from 0% to 69% depending on the way of delivery and form of vaccine."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
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0.022430725395679474,
0.000709444226231426,
0.0005469180759973824
] | 0.006887 | 8 |
[
"An Arizona death-row prisoner who was convicted in the 1996 murders of six people convinced the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals he has a valid claim the Arizona Department of Corrections illegally read mail intended for his lawyer.",
"\n\nSix death row inmates, including one scheduled to die July 23, sued the state today in federal court, alleging the secrecy surrounding the lethal drugs to be used in executions violates their First Amendment rights.",
"\n\nGov. Jan Brewer vetoed a bill that would have banned “aggressive” panhandling, saying it is unclear what statewide problem the legislation was meant to address and that the issue is best left to local government."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} | [
0.001176978461444378,
0.007925678975880146,
0.0007108918507583439
] | 0.003271 | 3 |
[
"Monitoring underwater equipment, such as wellheads, manifolds, risers, anchors, Pipeline End Terminations (PLETS), Blow Out Preventors (BOPs), pumps, touch down points, suction piles, chains, slip joints, and pipelines is important to ensuring the safe and reliable operation of such equipment. ",
"Through environmental and/or operational conditions, such underwater equipment can experience undesirable movement, vibration conditions, and temperature differentials. ",
"For example, vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is responsible for the majority of the fatigue damage in deep water drilling risers. ",
"Damage from VIV is a major issue and is potentially very dangerous for operational personnel and the environment.",
"\nConventional techniques for detecting and monitoring movement and vibration require the installation of vibration, accelerometers, and/or motion sensors directly on the equipment to be monitored. ",
"Accordingly, available systems require that they be physically attached to the equipment, either by integrating a monitoring device into the equipment prior to putting the equipment in operation, or by attaching the monitoring device to the equipment while that equipment is in place. ",
"Moreover, each underwater structure to be monitored requires its own vibration, accelerometer, and/or motion sensor.",
"\nExternal temperature variations of subsea components are an indication of internal issues within the system. ",
"For instance, hot spots can indicate cracks in insulation, overheating pumps, thinning of internal pipe walls, or other problems. ",
"Cold spots can indicate hydrate formations inside pipes or equipment that either reduce or totally block flow, and other problems. ",
"Currently the only way to measure these temperature deltas are with point probes either attached to the subsea equipment or carried by a diver or remote vehicle. ",
"This provides a very sparse temperature “map” with many gaps.",
"\nIn addition, access to equipment installed on the seafloor can be difficult, and the installation of additional devices directly on the monitored equipment poses the risk of damaging that subsea equipment. ",
"The devices installed must be connected to subsea power sources, or have batteries installed (which requires periodic changing). ",
"The data recorded by the devices must be downloaded periodically, which typically requires a direct connection for large amounts of data. ",
"Both of these scenarios require contact of the subsea equipment by divers, Remote Operated Vehicles (ROVs), or Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), which is costly and risks damaging expensive subsea equipment. ",
"Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide systems and methods that allowed for the monitoring of underwater equipment, without requiring monitors that are directly attached to such equipment, and preferably a single monitoring device to provide multiple monitoring functions."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} | [
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0.0006036596023477614,
0.0005249950336292386,
0.0006949544767849147,
0.0005334611632861197
] | 0.000632 | 17 |
[
"Alver: Förbannelsens folk (Elves: The cursed people) details on the language, geography, culture, clothing, society and history of the elves. ",
"Elves in Mundana can be divided into six separate clans, all with different history and abilities. ",
"The book also contains new elvish weapons and professions."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} | [
0.0007104502874426544,
0.0005794794415123761,
0.0009842498693615198
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[
"6 Concepts about SM37 t code in SAP, nobody will teach you\n\nThese concepts related to SM37 t code in SAP can be learn only while working on project and handling issues. ",
"There is no as such study material which teaches these concepts. ",
"If you are an SAP MM, SD or FI Consultant then probably you already know the below concepts and tips. ",
"However, if you are an SAP PM, QM, EHS consultant then this article will help you a lot to know about SM37 t code.",
"\n\nHow to know the program name if background job name is known to you:\n\nSuppose you know the name of background job but you do not know which program is running in this background job. ",
"In such cases you can use this trick. ",
"First go to SM37 t code in SAP and enter the job name. ",
"Then execute the query (as shown in the below screen shot).",
"\n\nYou will get the job name with some basic information. ",
"Select the job and click on steps button. ",
"Once you click on steps button you will get a new screen here you will get the program name in first column (as shown in below screen shot).",
"\n\nThis technique can be used when there is a background job failure and you want to take a quick action. ",
"Then you can find out the program name and ask the ABAP program to check the program.",
"\n\nHow to get the job name if program name is know to you: Again go to SM37 t code in SAP and enter the program name at the bottom of the screen (as shown in the screen shot). ",
"Then enter * in the user filed. ",
"And execute. ",
"You can also press F8 (function key) to execute. ",
"F8 is a shortcut key to execute the transaction.",
"\n\nOn execution a new screen will appear this will have the list of all job names which are running for the program. ",
"There can be more than one jobs. ",
"You will have to figure out your job by analyzing each one of them. ",
"Please refer below screen shot.",
"\n\nIf job fails then u can get the job log here: The job log of a background job gives us information about the activities performed by the program in background. ",
"If there is a custom program (Z program), then the job log can be defined in the program itself. ",
"If a job fails then the consultant can refer to the job log and find out the real reason of job failure. ",
"It does not provides the details reason, but a brief overview of the job failure. ",
"This helps give an initial response to client. ",
"The other benefit of job log is its help in performance improvement of program. ",
"Suppose there is a big program which performs numbers of tasks at a time and it is taking more than expected time to complete then with the help of an ABAP programmer you can create a job log at every step of the program. ",
"By doing that you can see which step of program is taking more than expected time to finish. ",
"By this you can do necessary indexing of ABAP tables to improve the performance of program.",
"\n\nYou can see the final result of job in the spool: The spool of a background job is very important. ",
"It carried the result of background job. ",
"For example: If you are running a PR to PO conversion program then spool will have the list of all PR and PO which are converted and created respectively. ",
"If it is deadline monitoring of Plant Maintenance module then spool will have information about the maintenance plans which have been triggered maintenance orders. ",
"Also if there is an interface program then spool will have the data which is transferred to the third party system. ",
"The spool of Z programs can be designed as per the requirement. ",
"As a consultant I would recommend to design the spool in such a way that if a client asks about the processing of a specific data, then a consultant can easily respond to his query.",
"\n\nYou can get the program variant name here: To manage a background job an SAP functional consultant must know the program name and selection screen variant name. ",
"In the point number 1, I have explained the way to find out the program name. ",
"variant field is next to program name as shown in the screen shot. ",
"If you know the variant name you can easily know the selection screen parameters.",
"\n\nWhen you save a job it updates TBTCO and TBTCP tables: Once a background job is created, it is stored in SAP database tables. ",
"These tables are:\n\nTBTCO: The job header table (job management data)\n\nTBTCP: The job step table (individual processing steps in jobs)\n\nWhy it is important to know these tables? ",
"It is important because anytime your client may ask you to provide the list of all job which are running in system with program name and variant name in MS excel format. ",
"In such a situation you can take the dump of background jobs from these tables.",
"\n\nAlso if your system administrator (SAP Basis Consultant) is taking shutdown of production system on a Sunday then functional consultant must know the impact of background jobs which will not run during that time period. ",
"If required they will have to re run the jobs. ",
"To know the names of those background jobs you can make use of these tables. ",
"Below screen shots are helpful to understand the concept.",
"\n\nVaibhav is an engineer by schooling and an SAP Consultant by training with 12 years of experience. ",
"He is certified in SAP PM and SAP MM. ",
"His expertise includes SAP PM, SAP MM, SAP QM, and MS excel. ",
"His industry specialties are Chemical, Automobile, Electronics and Infrastructure. ",
"He has lots of experience in SAP Training and Consulting.",
"\n\nPost navigation\n\n11 Comments\n\nHow to know the job name by documents which are posted through batch job. ",
"example I want to know the job name by document number like, when I see the document number it is mentioned as user name is SAPBATCH, but I want to know by which job it has posted.",
"\nThanks\nShridhar Buchadi"
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[
"Background\n==========\n\nThe eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) arose out of the United Nations Millennium Declaration of 2000, and set targets for levels of achievement for the period from 1990 to 2015 \\[[@B1]\\]. ",
"MDG-4, ?",
"Reduce child mortality?, ",
"has a target of reducing the under-five mortality rate by two-thirds. ",
"MDG-5, ?",
"Improve maternal health?, ",
"has a target of reducing the maternal mortality ratio by three-quarters. ",
"Despite important limitations \\[[@B2]\\], the MDGs have galvanized and focused global attention and monitoring. ",
"MDGs 4 and 5 are important for global health as a whole, because they represent the mortality endpoints for women and children across specific diseases, nutritional and environmental risk factors, and more distal determinants including inequalities in economic resources and education. ",
"Under-five mortality is also one of the major determinants of life expectancy across the globe. ",
"In this brief commentary, we review progress regarding MDG-4 and MDG-5 in the 75 low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) that account for over 95% of maternal and child deaths \\[[@B3]\\].",
"\n\nThe changing epidemiology of women?s and children?s health\n----------------------------------------------------------\n\nProgress on MDG-4 for child survival has been impressive at the global level, although it now appears clear that the global target will not be reached \\[[@B4]\\]. ",
"The number of deaths among children under five worldwide has decreased from 12.4 million \\[[@B1]\\] in 1990 to 7.6 million in 2010 \\[[@B5]\\], a reduction of nearly 40% in spite of an increase in the number of births. ",
"Child deaths continue to be concentrated in LMICs, and increasingly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia \\[[@B5]\\]. ",
"Pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria together accounted for over 30% of under-five deaths in 2010, with three-quarters of deaths due to major infections occurring in the first two years of life \\[[@B6]\\]. ",
"Under-nutrition contributes to nearly half of all child deaths \\[[@B7]\\]. ",
"As deaths in the 1- to 59-month age group decline, deaths in the first 28 days (neonatal deaths) represent a growing proportion of all under-five deaths. ",
"The major causes of neonatal deaths in 2010 were preterm birth complications, intrapartum complications and pneumonia/sepsis \\[[@B5]\\].",
"\n\nProgress on MDG-5 for maternal health has been slower than for MDG-4, with deaths declining from around 400,000 to around 275,000 \\[[@B8],[@B9]\\]. ",
"The major causes of maternal deaths in 2010 are estimated to have been hemorrhage (22.9%), hypertensive disorders (18.5%), abortion (14.6%), sepsis (8.6%), and other direct and indirect causes (35.5%) \\[[@B10]\\].",
"\n\nWhat interventions are available, and where are the gaps?",
"\n---------------------------------------------------------\n\nThere has been important progress in identifying interventions to reduce mortality from the major causes of child deaths, but gaps remain. ",
"For pneumonia, the newly-implemented vaccine for pneumococcal disease holds potential for sizable impact, but fails to protect against prevalent serotypes in some LMICs \\[[@B11]\\]. ",
"Antibiotic treatment of bacterial pneumonia is highly efficacious, but may be compromised by increasing resistance of bacteria to inexpensive antibiotics \\[[@B12]\\]. ",
"There is no available treatment or vaccines for important viral causes of lower respiratory illness, such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus. ",
"For diarrhea, rotavirus is the most important cause of severe childhood diarrhea globally, but the vaccine that is currently implemented appears to provide only about 50% protection in low-income countries \\[[@B6]\\]. ",
"Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution and zinc are effective treatments, but coverage remains too low \\[[@B3]\\]. ",
"For malaria, early results suggest that the currently available vaccine may offer only modest protection of young children in highly endemic areas \\[[@B13],[@B14]\\]. ",
"Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets that extend the period of protection from 6 to 12 months to three years or longer have been scaled up in the majority of countries where *Plasmodium falciparum* is a major cause of child deaths, but the duration of protection varies by product and remains under investigation \\[[@B15],[@B16]\\]. ",
"Moreover, resistance to anti-malarial drugs is emerging \\[[@B13],[@B17]\\]. ",
"One important advance is the development and scaling up of rapid diagnostic tests to allow better targeting of treatment for both malaria and pneumonia.",
"\n\nPreventing neonatal and maternal deaths is challenging, especially where access to health facilities is limited. ",
"Chlorhexidine, which is an antiseptic and disinfectant agent, applied to the umbilical cord at birth reduces deaths related to neonatal infection and is ready for implementation \\[[@B18]\\]. ",
"However, preventing intrapartum complications, such as obstructed labor and hemorrhage, two leading causes of maternal deaths, managing babies that are born very early, and treating neonatal sepsis, all require good practices at the time of labor and delivery and preferably access to health facilities.",
"\n\nAchieving and sustaining high and equitable coverage\n----------------------------------------------------\n\nThe real challenge in preventing unnecessary deaths among women and children is ensuring that high-impact interventions are available on demand and used by every woman and child who needs them. ",
"Figure?[1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the latest available median coverage rates for a selection of interventions and service contacts across the continuum of care from reproductive through maternal, neonatal and child health tracked by Countdown to 2015 for Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival \\[[@B3]\\]. ",
"With the exception of vaccines and vitamin A supplementation, all interventions are being severely under-utilized. ",
"Coverage is high for some service contacts (for example, antenatal care), but little is known about whether these opportunities to deliver interventions are actually being used \\[[@B19]\\]. ",
"New strategies for delivering interventions at the community level and ensuring the continuous availability of essential commodities are being adopted and implemented by countries, but not fast enough. ",
"Within-country inequalities are also important. ",
"In virtually every Countdown country, coverage tends to be lower among the poorest families.",
"\n\n{#F1}\n\nThe reasons why few Governments in low-income countries have been able to achieve high, sustained and equitable coverage for interventions proven to reduce maternal and child deaths vary by setting and are not fully understood. ",
"Certainly resources - both foreign aid and domestic investments - are a limiting factor \\[[@B20],[@B21]\\], as are competing global priorities that do not always focus on the major causes of death. ",
"Rapid gains in coverage for insecticide-treated nets for malaria prevention and complex interventions to reduce maternal-to-child transmission of HIV demonstrate what can be done given adequate political will and external financing \\[[@B22]\\]. ",
"Conflict and limited technical capacity at country level are also important impediments. ",
"However, the interplay of these factors at national and sub-national levels in the highest-burden countries needs further research, and there is unlikely to be a ?",
"one-size-fits-all? ",
"solution.",
"\n\nFuture directions and conclusions\n---------------------------------\n\nThe MDGs have focused efforts on reduction of maternal and child mortality. ",
"In the post-2015 era, the health of women and children must remain a priority, and the MDG targets must be extended. ",
"Governments must be empowered to address the major causes of mortality in their context, but the lens should be expanded to include maternal morbidity, maternal and child nutrition, and child development. ",
"Programs must have the capacity to identify the women and children who are not being reached, and to develop local solutions for ensuring that even those disenfranchised by poverty, ethnicity, gender or conflict have continuous access to services delivered at levels of quality that ensure their effectiveness \\[[@B23]\\]. ",
"Researchers and practitioners, including all those who follow the *Medicine for Global Health* collection, must ensure that the health of women and children in LMICs is properly addressed, whatever the specific focus of their research. ",
"The biggest challenge ahead is to combat complacency, and to recognize that the gains made to date only increase our responsibility to ensure that no woman, mother, baby or child dies unnecessarily.",
"\n\nEndnote\n=======\n\n^a^Please see the Medicine for Global Health article collection: <http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/series/MGH>.",
"\n\nAbbreviations\n=============\n\nLMIC: Low- and middle-income country; MDG: Millennium Development Goal; ORS: Oral rehydration salts.",
"\n\nCompeting interests\n===================\n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.",
"\n\nAuthors? ",
"contributions\n======================\n\nJB prepared the outline, which was reviewed and approved by all the authors. ",
"JB and RB prepared the first draft. ",
"All authors contributed to subsequent drafts, and read and approved the final manuscript.",
"\n"
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"The purpose of this study is to compare the combination of azithromycin plus atovaquone to TMP/SMX in preventing serious bacterial infections in children age 2-18 who are HIV-infected. ",
"THis study also compares long- term safety and tolerance of these drugs."
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[
"Trending:\n\nElvis Slept Here\n\nElvis Slept Here Episodes\n\nElvis Presley was a superstar like nothing America had ever seen. ",
"Every day, die-hards and newbies alike come in droves to Graceland, in Memphis, Tennessee, for a glimpse inside the private life of The King himself.",
"\nNow get closer to Elvis's Graceland than any tourist has ever been.",
"\nRoom-by-room and story-by-story, we'll venture behind the ropes\nfor unprecedented access to Elvis and the amazing legacy he left behind.",
"\nSit back and enjoy this exclusive, behind-the-scenes tour of this one-of-a-kind mansion, with never-before-seen details and untold secrets about this American landmark."
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[
"Treat your senses to an overload of pleasure when you introduce this fabulous Rippler Pink 'n' Powerful Vibrator - Medium into your sex life.",
"\n\nShaped with a slight ripple in the shaft, a tapered and rounded tip for smooth and satisfying stimulation and ripple detailing on the base, this toy will feel gorgeous against your skin.",
"\n\nThe base has a twist control, so with a simple turn you can feel the vibrating intensity increase, allowing you to modify the vibes to your preferences, building slowly or going full power from the start.",
"\n\nThis gorgeous toy has a soft touch coating for smooth, gliding motions and it is available to you in two different colours. ",
"Pink and purple."
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[
"DC Comics is really going forward with the Watchmen tie-in project that everybody's calling Watchmen 2, as we warned a while back. ",
"Bleeding Cool's inside sources tell them that Andy Kubert will draw one of four prequel miniseries, each of which tells a story about a different character from Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' masterpiece. ",
"And Andy \"may not be the only Kubert getting involved with this,\" writes Rich Johnston.",
"\n\n\n\nDave Gibbons is reportedly involved with this project — but not surprisingly, Moore is staying well away. ",
"Also potentially involved: J. Michael Straczynski, John Higgins, and J.G. Jones. ",
"Darwyn Cooke may be involved as some kind of \"showrunner\" for the four miniseries. [",
"Bleeding Cool]\n\nSecond image by Todd Kogutt."
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[
"We're often compensated for pages we link to, but you won't pay a penny. ",
"Learn More\n\nSo Jon Snow proves that he pretty much knows everything about picking up the perfect engagement ring for her redhead wilding girl from Game of Thrones. ",
"Let’s peek into the latest news regarding this stylish couple.",
"\n\nFor the first time, Leslie, his co-star, was seen outside her house, since Harington embraced her finger with a stunning ring. ",
"This new accessory did not go unnoticed among the photographers and the fans. ",
"Well, you must be thinking as to whether this beautiful ring is crafted out of Valyrian steel or not, so let’s unfold the specifics.",
"\n\nThe news might be surprising for some of you, but for those who have watched the second and third seasons of Game of Thrones, it was highly anticipated. ",
"They were dating for quite some time, but their appearance with this ‘Valyrian’ artifact has started a new chapter. ",
"It is worth mentioning that unlike a lot of other celebrities who try to hide their engagement rings, in the beginning, Leslie (a.k.aYgritte) carried the sparkling ring while arriving at the Heathrow Airport to catch her flight. ",
"Of course, she is a busy lady, and The Good Fight is in swing nowadays after her success in Game of Thrones.",
"\n\nIt was not like she only wore the elegant ring to make it quite visible for everyone to notice. ",
"Obviously, if we know how to spice up the celeb-news, they know how to provide us with the scenes to make their story more appealing to the public. ",
"So yes, she paired the engagement ring with an array of other ordinary rings on both hands. ",
"However, the engagement ring was quite distinguishable with a cushion-cut diamond offset combined with a gold band. ",
"Hats off to Jon Snow!",
"\n\nWell, even for the people who watch news frequently, it was very easy to swallow because the couple opted for a traditional approach of disclosing their upcoming engagement. ",
"Guess what? ",
"The mode of communicating this news was The Times of London.",
"\n\nJust like most of the boys make a mistake while proposing, Harington did somewhat similar. ",
"He explicitly admitted that he mismanaged his proposal in the first place and asked Leslie to marry earlier than expected. ",
"He said that it was a mistake and the reason he gave was pretty understandable for everyone. ",
"Harington said that they were in the country and the beauty of the night sky together with the log fire melted him.",
"\n\nWell, he seems quite passionate about everything related to the ‘phenomenon’ of falling in love. ",
"According to him, he fell in love when the second season was being recorded in Iceland. ",
"Of course, Iceland would make you fall in love with the person standing next to you, especially if it’s Leslie. ",
"For this particular case, Harington says, the magical Northern Lights added more romance to the entire scenario.",
"\n\nSaveSave\n\nSaveSave"
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[
"Comments on: Ozzie Guillen: 'I'm not a princess or an icon'http://mlb.nbcsports.com/2010/05/17/quote-of-the-day-ozzie-guillen-is-not-a-princess/\nBaseball. ",
"Baseball. ",
"And then a bit more baseball.",
"Mon, 16 Oct 2017 22:12:29 +0000hourly1http://wordpress.com/By: jwbhttp://mlb.nbcsports.com/2010/05/17/quote-of-the-day-ozzie-guillen-is-not-a-princess/#comment-49987\nMon, 17 May 2010 21:09:30 +0000http://localhost/wp/nbchbt/?p=6059#comment-49987I’m sure this guy will be all over it.http://www.smellslikemascot.com/\n]]>By: BIll-Sonorahttp://mlb.nbcsports.com/2010/05/17/quote-of-the-day-ozzie-guillen-is-not-a-princess/#comment-49986\nMon, 17 May 2010 19:57:54 +0000http://localhost/wp/nbchbt/?p=6059#comment-49986Theyll get out of this funk. ",
"It happens sometimes. ",
"Dont fire Ozzie.",
"\n]]>By: mgfloloxhttp://mlb.nbcsports.com/2010/05/17/quote-of-the-day-ozzie-guillen-is-not-a-princess/#comment-49985\nMon, 17 May 2010 19:22:04 +0000http://localhost/wp/nbchbt/?p=6059#comment-49985Ozzie as a princess is not an image I really need to be carrying around.",
"\n]]>By: AKhttp://mlb.nbcsports.com/2010/05/17/quote-of-the-day-ozzie-guillen-is-not-a-princess/#comment-49984\nMon, 17 May 2010 17:51:07 +0000http://localhost/wp/nbchbt/?p=6059#comment-49984This is so typical of Ozzie Guillen, when things are going badly he says, “blame it all on me.” ",
"Really Ozzie? ",
"Are you one of the guys out there hitting under .200? ",
"Are you one of the starters on the staff that has an ERA over 6.00? ",
"Come on. ",
"Your players suck, and you’re not that great either. ",
"Kenny SHOULD blow this team up and get rid of some of the dead weight that has been dragging this team down for the past 2 years.",
"\n]]>"
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0.9895944595336914,
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[
"Q:\n\nApp Engine Cloud Endpoint Javascript library does not work\n\nI tried to enable Cloud Endpoint via this document.",
"\nAfter defining the API and doing some configuration, finally the API can be viewed and executed via API Explorer successfully.",
"\nHowever, I cannot enable the Javascript client to run:\n<html>\n <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n function init() {\n var ROOT = \"https://my-app-id.appspot.com/_ah/api\";\n gapi.client.load('my-app-id', 'v1', function() {\n gapi.client.bigquery.query({\n 'start_date': '2013-05-01',\n 'end_date': '2013-05-02',\n 'metrics': ['impr']\n }).execute(function(resp) {\n console.log(resp);\n });\n }, ROOT);\n }\n </script>\n <script src=\"https://apis.google.com/js/client.js?onload=init\"></script>\n</html>\n\nI noticed the request failed during the Javascript execution, but I cannot figure out why.",
"\nRequest\nhttps://my-app-id.appspot.com/_ah/api/discovery/v1/apis/my-app-id/v1/rpc?",
"\nResponse\n\n{\"error\":{\"errors\":[{\"domain\":\"global\",\"reason\":\"notFound\",\"message\":\"Not Found\"}],\"code\":404,\"message\":\"Not Found\"}}\n\nA:\n\nUse your API name, not my-app-id. ",
"Also, make sure your API is deployed and serving. ",
"If not, this would similarly cause a 404.",
"\nSee google cloud endpoints discrepancy between documentation, and what works in my app for an identical question.",
"\n\n"
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[
"package main\n\nimport (\n\t\"fmt\"\n\t\"io/ioutil\"\n\t\"log\"\n\t\"os\"\n\n\t\"github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday\"\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n\t// Define a policy, we are using the UGC policy as a base.",
"\n\tp := bluemonday.",
"UGCPolicy()\n\n\t// Add \"rel=nofollow\" to links\n\tp.RequireNoFollowOnLinks(true)\n\tp.RequireNoFollowOnFullyQualifiedLinks(true)\n\n\t// Open external links in a new window/tab\n\tp.AddTargetBlankToFullyQualifiedLinks(true)\n\n\t// Read input from stdin so that this is a nice unix utility and can receive\n\t// piped input\n\tdirty, err := ioutil.",
"ReadAll(os.",
"Stdin)\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\tlog.",
"Fatal(err)\n\t}\n\n\t// Apply the policy and write to stdout\n\tfmt.",
"Fprint(\n\t\tos.",
"Stdout,\n\t\tp.Sanitize(\n\t\t\tstring(dirty),\n\t\t),\n\t)\n}\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
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[
"Q:\n\nModifying a 2D array using a nested for loop\n\nI am trying to print out the 'middle' of the 2D array (a). ",
"For example, for given arrays in my code, I would like to print:\n\n[3,4,5,6]\n[4,5,6,7]\n\nHowever I was only able to print out the 'middle' values. ",
"I would like to modify the 2D array (a) in the method inner and print it in main instead, and not use System.out.println in the nested for loop. ",
"How would I go about doing this?",
"\nHere is my code:\npublic static int[][] inner(int[][] a) {\n\n int rowL = a.length - 1;\n int colL = a[1].length - 1;\n\n for (int row = 1; row < rowL; row++) {\n for (int col = 1; col < colL; col++) {\n //System.out.print(a[row][col]);\n a = new int[row][col];\n\n }\n System.out.println();\n }\n\n return a;\n}\n\npublic static void main(String[] args) {\n int[][] a = {\n {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6},\n {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7},\n {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8},\n {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}};\n\n for (int[] row : a) {\n System.out.println(Arrays.toString(row));\n }\n\n System.out.println();\n\n for (int[] row : inner(a)) {\n System.out.println(Arrays.toString(row));\n }\n}\n\nA:\n\nCreate a new array outside the loop and then fill that array inside the loop by translating the indices between the two arrays:\npublic static int[][] inner (int[][] a) {\n int rowL = a.length - 1;\n int colL = a[1].length -1;\n int[][] ret = new int[rowL - 1][colL - 1];\n\n for (int row = 1; row < rowL; row++) {\n for (int col = 1; col < colL ; col++) {\n ret[row - 1][col - 1] = a[row][col];\n }\n }\n\n return ret;\n}\n\n"
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[
"Now, FPL wants to put two new nuclear reactors at its Turkey Point plant on Biscayne Bay. ",
"The planning and licensing costs passed along to ratepayers have reached about $250 million, the lawsuit says.",
"\n\nFiled on behalf of one customer of each utility, it seeks to be certified as a class action – meaning anyone who pays bill to the utilities since 2008 could join the class and benefit, if the utilities lose the lawsuit.",
"\n\nIn a statement to NBC6, FPL called the suit “egregious … frivolous and without merit. ",
"It’s exactly this type of politically motivated litigation that will ultimately cost our taxpayers and our customers, and put a heavy burden on state government.”",
"\n\nFPL notes the state has approved the process that allows it to charge ratepayers for reasonable and prudent costs associated the nuclear upgrades and expansions.",
"\n\nBut letting the state oversee that process, the suit claims, is one reason it is unconstitutional. ",
"The suit claims only federal law can govern nuclear energy production.",
"\n\nA Duke Energy spokeswoman said the lawsuit should be dismissed. “",
"Four other lawsuits challenging the constitutionality of Florida’s Nuclear Cost Recovery statute have been found to be without merit and rejected by Florida courts,” she said. ",
"The lawsuit, she added, was inaccurate in saying Duke Energy had abandoned its plans for two reactors in Levy County. “",
"While we’ve made the decision to retire our Crystal River nuclear plant, we continue to pursue the license for the proposed Levy County nuclear project,” she said.",
"\n\nFor its part, FPL says no one is being billed for work that has not been done.",
"\n\nAs it seeks “required licenses and approvals needed to construct and operate” new reactors at Turkey Point, FPL said, it is “not pre-collecting money for construction. ",
"The funds being collected are associated with specific expenditures required by federal, state and local governments to complete the licensing process and are used only to reimburse FPL for money already spent. “",
"\n\nBut the lawsuit, filed in the Southern District of Florida, claims that by passing along nuclear costs to ratepayers – who are on the hook even if the plants never get built – “Duke and FPL have been wrongfully enriched at the expense of their ratepayers arising from the improperly inflated electrical rate.”",
"\n\nThe law firm behind the suit, Hagens Berman, of Seattle, has in the last six months filed class action complaints naming nearly 20 deep-pocketed defendants, including Mercedes-Benz, Apple, Nestle and Volkswagen."
] | {
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[
"This project concerns the development of luminescence methods for the measurement of very small amounts of gaseous nitrogen and ammonia gas. ",
"These methods may have applicability to the measurement of the partial pressure of nitrogen in blood and to the determination of ultra-micro amounts of ammonia. ",
"Emission of characteristic spectral bands by both nitrogen and ammonia can be excited by passing the gas through a radio-frequency electric discharge. ",
"In addition, chemiluminescent reactions can be exploited. ",
"Nitrogen flows of 5x10 to the minus 11th power 1/sec can be measured."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
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[
"Q:\n\nCSS: parent element float apply on tag content too\n\nthis is HTML code:\n<div class=\"pull-left small-text\">\n <?",
"php\n if($page - 1 > 0): ?",
">\n <a href=\"<?php echo $page_link.",
"'&p='.($page -1); ?",
">\" class=\"btn btn-white\"><i class=\"fa fa-chevron-right\"></i></a>\n <?",
"php\n endif; ?",
">\n <span><?php echo $page; ?",
"> from <?",
"php echo $pages; ?",
"></span>\n <?",
"php\n if($page < $pages) : ?",
">\n <a href=\"<?php echo $page_link.",
"'&p='.($page +1); ?",
">\" class=\"btn btn-white\"><i class=\"fa fa-chevron-left\"></i></a>\n <?",
"php\n endif; ?",
">\n</div>\n\ncss:\n.btn {\n border:none;\n background: none;\n color: #fff;\n padding: 10px 30px;\n text-align: center;\n font-size: 0.9em;\n border-radius: 4px;\n}\n.pull-left{\n float:left;\n}\n\nproblem: when I add pull-left class to parent element , <a> tag icon goes left, It's what's happening:\nresult\nnote: pull-left = float:left;\n\nA:\n\nadd display:inline-block to btn class\n\n"
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[
"Um simples rachão de véspera de jogo virou tensão no Fluminense. ",
"Em dividida com Nogueira durante o recreativo, na manhã desta terça-feira, no CT Pedro Antonio, Sornoza torceu o tornozelo direito. ",
"Desta forma, virou dúvida para a partida contra o Madureira, nesta quarta-feira, às 16h (de Brasília), pela Taça Rio.",
"\n\n\n\nDe acordo com o departamento médico tricolor, Sornoza sofreu um leve entorse no tornozelo direito. ",
"Logo após deixar o treino - antes do término - o tratamento foi iniciado. ",
"O equatoriano fez fisioterapia e colocou uma bolsa de gelo no local. ",
"O clube não confirmou se o camisa 20 será relacionado pelo técnico Abel Braga.",
"\n\n\n\nSornoza deixa o campo com dores no tornozelo direito após dividida no rachão desta terça-feira (Foto: Hector Werlang)\n\nA atividade desta manhã teve a maior parte fechada à imprensa. ",
"Na parte aberta, o grupo disputava um animado rachão - foi quando Sornoza se machucou. ",
"Ao final da atividade, cobranças de pênaltis foram ensaiadas.",
"\n\n\n\nPierre (tornozelo direito) e Douglas (dores articulares) não treinaram. ",
"Abelão tampouco deu indicação de time. ",
"A escalação é um mistério. ",
"Existe a chance de alguns titulares serem poupados.",
"\n\n\n\nO Fluminense é o líder do Grupo B da Taça Rio, com nove pontos, e já está classificado para a semifinal do Campeonato Carioca. ",
"Neste domingo, o tricolor enfrenta o Flamengo, em Cariacica (ES).",
"\n\n"
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[
"Barry Kirwan\n\nBarry Kirwan (born in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland on 14 February 1986) is a Northern Irish country singer and drummer. ",
"He released his debut album New Beginnings with \"Keep It in the Middle of the Road\" as his debut single, followed by \"Up the Jive\". ",
"He is nominated as \"Newcomer of the Year\" for the 2016 RTÉ Irish Country Music Awards.",
"\n\nBeginnings\nKirwan comes from a very musical family being the long-standing Irish country singers Dominic Kirwan, Barry's father and the singer Colm Kirwan and singer-songwriter Jonathan Kirwan are his brothers. ",
"Very early on, he was a member of his school's choir and took part in school productions or singing competitions. ",
"At age of 5, he joined the Seamus Kerrigan School of Traditional Irish Dance where he stayed until the age of 18, at the same time taking part in a range of competitions, such as the All Ireland Dancing championships and Scór. ",
"He was also into acting particularly as a member of the Hazel Wand Drama School in his hometown of Omagh. ",
"At age 11, Barry started playing the drums, his passion. ",
"He studied in London at Drumtech college, part of the British and Irish Modern Music Institute (BIMM) schools.",
"\n\nCareer\nShortly after college, Kirwan joined his father's band as a drummer and backing vocalist for 4 years. ",
"\nIn September 2010 he joined his brother Colm Kirwan in Nashville and played drums for some shows by American country duo Joey & Rory. ",
"Returning home in 2011, he worked with Irish country singer Lisa McHugh before joining rising Country and Irish star Derek Ryan as drummer and backing vocalist until 2015 touring with him for 4 years all around Ireland, the U.K. and Australia.",
"\n\nIn February 2016, he left the Derek Ryan band to pursue his own solo career. ",
"He again toured with his father Dominic Kirwan in the \"Here For a Good Time Tour\" throughout the UK and Ireland promoting his career. ",
"On 6 May 2016, he released his first solo single \"Keep It in the Middle of the Road\", his debut single from his solo debut album New Beginnings on Sharpe Music released on 10 June 2016. ",
"He also formed his own Barry Kirwan Band on the occasion. ",
"His follow-up single is \"Up the Jive\" co-written by Barry with his brother Colm and released on 21 June 2016. ",
"Both singles are accompanied by music videos.",
"\n\nPersonal life\nBarry is the son of the long-standing Irish singer Dominic Kirwan. ",
"Barry has three brothers and a sister all involved in music and the arts. ",
"His Nashville based brother Colm has recorded his debut album. ",
"His brother Jonathan is a Glasgow-based singer-songwriter.",
"\n\nDiscography\n\nAlbums\n\nEPs\n\nSingles\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website\n\nCategory:Male singers from Northern Ireland\nCategory:1986 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:People from Omagh\nCategory:Musicians from County Tyrone"
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[
"Q:\n\nAdding new documents to the Solr index when using the dataimporthandler\n\nI am using the Solr dataImportHandler to index a database for searching. ",
"A delta import is scheduled to run every 5 minutes to pick up changes to the database. ",
"However, the delta import only picks up changes to existing items, not newly added items. ",
"\nWhat is a good way of getting the new items indexed? ",
"Should I be scheduling full imports as well, and if so is there a good practice guide on how often to do this? (",
"I haven't been able to find one). ",
"Or should I add the new items to the index with Solrj (I am using Solrj for the actual searching), and if so are there pitfalls around having two different things updating the Solr index? ",
"Or does the fact that the delta import doesn't pick up new items indicate that I've done something wrong with my db-data-config file? (",
"That would hardly be surprising). ",
"\nIf anyone has any experience with this sort of thing it would be great to know what worked for you.",
"\nEdited to add: The queries in my db-data-config file look like this:\nquery=\"select * from t_monkeys where is_deleted=0\"\ndeltaQuery=\"select monkey_id from t_monkeys where last_changed_dt > '${dataimporter.last_index_time}'\"\ndeltaImportQuery=\"select * from t_monkeys where concat('monkey-',monkey_id) = '${dataimporter.delta.monkey_id}'\n\nA:\n\nIf you are using a temporal field (such as 'lastModified') for the delta query, make sure you also set that field while creating a new row. ",
"\nFor example, if your table has 4 columns id, name, updatedOn, addedOn and you use updatedOn in your data-config.xml file for identifying rows which have changed, then make sure your updatedOn is not null for new rows.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Kelly Mathews is on a mission—to get more girls interested in STEM.",
"\n\nThat's science, technology, engineering, and math. ",
"And for Mathews, it begins at home with her 9-month old daughter, Marilyn.",
"\n\nThat's why Mathews reads books like \"Rosie Revere, Engineer\" to Marilyn and stocks her nursery with other such books, like \"HTML for Babies.\"",
"\n\nMathews is a software engineer in Chalfont, Pennsylvania. ",
"She believes the earlier girls are introduced to these fields, the better the chance they might pursue careers in them.",
"\n\nThat belief is gaining support in the education and business communities. ",
"The U.S. Department of Commerce estimates women make up less than 25 percent of the workforce in STEM-related jobs.",
"\n\nThe acronym was coined by a member of the National Science Foundation in the 1990s.",
"\n\nExplore further New and updated resource on STEM education, workforce\n\n© 2014 The Associated Press. ",
"All rights reserved."
] | {
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[
"[Differential proteomic analysis of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A-549 and of normal cell line HBE].",
"\nTo explore the differential proteomic expressions between human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A-549 and normal cell line HBE, a series of methods, including immobilized pH gradient-two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, silver staining, PDQuest 2-DE software analysis, peptide mass fingerprinting based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and SWISS-PROT database searching, were used to separate and identify the differential proteomic expressions between A-549 and HBE. ",
"The results showed that the good 2-DE pattern including high resolution and reproducibility was obtained. ",
"After silver staining, the 2-DE image analysis by PDQuest 2-DE software detected average (890 +/- 38) spots in A-549, and (757 +/- 27) spots in HBE. ",
"The average positional deviation of the matched spots between A-549 and HBE 2-DE maps was (2.85 +/- 0.48) mm in IEF direction, and (2.69 +/- 0.37) mm in SDS-PAGE direction. ",
"The differential proteomic expression analysis found that there were 535 matched spots between A-549 and HBE 2-DE maps, 355 spots that were not matched in A-549, 222 spots that were not matched in HBE. ",
"18 differential spots (8 spots in A-549 and 10 spots in HBE) were cut off from silver staining gel at random, digested in gel with TPCK-trypsin, measured with MALDI-TOF-MS and searched in the SWISS-PROT database with PeptIdent software. ",
"18 protein were preliminarily identified. ",
"These proteins were related to cell signal transduction, cell metabolism, proliferation and differentiation etc. ",
"There was a significant difference at protein level between human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A-549 and normal cell line HBE. ",
"It suggests that the differential expression analysis of proteomes may be useful to further study of the related proteins and the molecular markers of lung adenocarcinoma."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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] | 0.00063 | 11 |
[
"1. ",
"Introduction {#sec1-biomedicines-08-00262}\n===============\n\nIntracellular lipid accumulation associated with atherosclerosis can affect virtually any of the cell types that can be found in the subendothelial space of human arteries, including vascular smooth muscular cells (VSMCs), stellate pericyte-like cells, and macrophages. ",
"Although macrophages represent only a minority of the cellular population of the subendothelial space, they play an important role in triggering atherosclerosis through active lipid accumulation and stimulation of proinflammatory response. ",
"Macrophages are recognized as a major precursor of foam cells. ",
"These cells have their cytoplasm filled with lipid droplets, which gives them their specific microscopic appearance. ",
"Such cells are typically present in growing atherosclerotic plaques. ",
"Proatherogenic modified low-density lipoprotein (mLDL) is the main source of cholesterol and lipids accumulating in the arterial wall, which plays a key role in atherosclerosis \\[[@B1-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"The balance of lipid biosynthesis and degradation in the cells is important for maintaining cell structure and functioning. ",
"Lipid homeostasis is regulated at several levels, including receptor-mediated uptake, synthesis, storage, metabolism, and efflux. ",
"Disturbances of cellular lipid metabolism can contribute to the development of certain human diseases, in particular, atherosclerosis \\[[@B2-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nMacrophages are considered to be the main cellular participants in atherogenesis in the intima of the blood vessels. ",
"Under normal conditions, LDL entering the cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis can be degraded in the lysosomes, which prevents excessive lipid accumulation. ",
"However, in atherosclerosis, this process is disturbed. ",
"It was shown that mLDL may be internalized not via the normal route mediated by low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), but via phagocytosis mediated by less specific scavenger receptors that are expressed on macrophages and other phagocytic cells. ",
"Therefore, atherogenic lipoprotein particles provoke intracellular lipid accumulation and foam cell formation in the intima of vessels. ",
"Under normal physiological conditions, a tightly regulated balance of uptake, synthesis, and efflux, is maintained in the cells. ",
"In case of free cholesterol excess, which is detected by cellular regulatory mechanisms described below, the amount of LDLR on the cell surface decreases, reducing the uptake of exogenous lipids with native LDL. ",
"However, presence of atherogenic mLDL causes an imbalance of these processes due to the unregulated uptake of mLDL by macrophages, which ultimately leads to excessive accumulation of lipids by the cell and foam cell formation. ",
"The process of excessive lipid accumulation inside the cell is based on the mechanisms of uptake, trafficking, autophagy, metabolic cycles, accumulation, and neutralization of free cholesterol and fatty acids ([Table 1](#biomedicines-08-00262-t001){ref-type=\"table\"}) \\[[@B3-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\n2. ",
"LDL Uptake: Role of Receptors {#sec2-biomedicines-08-00262}\n================================\n\nMacrophages may internalize native LDL, as well as mLDL, through different pathways. ",
"Known LDL modifications, occurring in vivo, include desialylation, oxidation, and formation of LDL self-associates and LDL-containing immune complexes, which is facilitated by certain physicochemical modifications of the LDL particle \\[[@B4-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nAlmost all receptors recognizing LDL, both native and modified, belong to different classes of scavenger receptors. ",
"To date, eight classes of scavenger receptors (classes A--H) have been identified. ",
"The receptor to native LDL, LDLR, belongs to class L of scavenger receptors. ",
"This class also comprises LDLR-related protein 1 (LRP1) and VLDLR (very-low-density lipoprotein receptor). ",
"Receptors from classes A, B, D, E, and F can bind mLDL \\[[@B5-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Under normal physiological conditions, LDLR expressed on macrophages mediates the endocytosis of native LDL that does not lead to lipid accumulation and subsequent foam cell formation \\[[@B6-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"The indirect interaction of LDLR with adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2) through the adaptor protein ARH is necessary for internalization of LDL--LDLR complex via clathrin-coated vesicles. ",
"Clathrin-coated vesicles turn into the early endosomes, where dissociation of LDL from the receptor occurs, and then into the late endosomes, from where LDLR can be recycled back to the cell surface or degraded in the lysosomes. ",
"In turn, late endosomes fuse with lysosomes, which results in LDL enzymatic degradation to amino acids, fatty acids, and cholesterol. ",
"The fate of LDLR depends on the level of free cholesterol in the cell and is regulated by several proteins. ",
"In case of low cholesterol concentration, LDLR recycles back to the surface as a complex with COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 (CCC) and the Wiskott--Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homologue (WASH) \\[[@B6-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Alternatively, the receptor binds with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which promotes LDLR lysosomal degradation and thereby reduces the abundance of this receptor on the cell surface under high free cholesterol concentrations \\[[@B7-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"The expression of LDLR is regulated by Liver X receptor (LXR), which acts as cellular free cholesterol concentration sensor and mediates the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) \\[[@B8-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"An important regulator of LDLR, PCSK9, and SREBP-1c expression is SREBP-2. ",
"In addition, SREBP-2 is necessary to produce an LXR ligand required for normal SREBP-1c expression \\[[@B9-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nUnder pathological conditions, native LDL uptake by macrophages may, however, lead to cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation through receptor-independent, fluid-phase pinocytosis \\[[@B10-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Pinocytosis may be regulated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), LXRs, the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor, and protein kinase C (PKC) \\[[@B11-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nOxidative modification of LDL and LDL binding with proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix in the intima of blood vessels lead to aggregation of lipoprotein particles. ",
"Aggregated modified LDL (agLDL) may cause lipid accumulation in macrophages in two ways. ",
"First, it is known that agLDL is recognized by LRP1 and engulfed via phagocytosis \\[[@B12-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B13-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Second, as it was shown recently, macrophages may provide degradation of agLDL via lysosomal synapses, which are extracellular hydrolytic compartments \\[[@B14-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its adaptor protein MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88) play the key role in recognition of agLDL, lysosomal synapse formation, and uptake of LDL catabolism products. ",
"Moreover, TLR4 launches spleen tyrosine kinase/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (SYK/PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, which facilitates the synapse formation and lipid accumulation in macrophages \\[[@B14-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nAccording to current understanding, the main contribution to foam cell formation is made by the uptake of modified lipoproteins by various classes of scavenger receptors (SR) such as SR class A (SR-A1, also known as CD204), SR class B (CD36), and the lectin-like oxidized LDL 1 receptor (LOX-1, or SR-E1), which are able to recognize and bind modified LDL \\[[@B15-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"SR-1 class A is subdivided into SR-AI, SR-AII, and SR-AIII. ",
"The latter is not involved in mLDL uptake and often acts as a regulator of the first two receptors \\[[@B16-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"The expression of SR-A on the surface of macrophages is regulated by various factors. ",
"Sac1 and Sac3 phosphatases localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) may play the key role in maintaining a constant level of SR-A expression \\[[@B17-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Sac1 can facilitate the transport of cholesterol from the ER to the trans-Golgi network and may positively regulate translational or post-translational modifications of expressed receptor molecules. ",
"Upregulation of Sac1 expression leads to an increase of SR-A receptor abundancy. ",
"Additionally, proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, can also upregulate the expression of SR-A, which can result in accumulation of LDL by macrophages under conditions of chronic inflammation within the vessel wall \\[[@B18-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"However, an intracellular mechanism that reduces the uptake of mLDL by macrophages through SR-A has recently been discovered. ",
"This mechanism of serine-threonine phosphatase LKB1 promotes phosphorylation and lysosomal degradation of SR-A, resulting in a decrease of the receptors abundance on the cell surface \\[[@B19-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nAnother key scavenger receptor, involved in lipoprotein uptake and lipid metabolism, is CD36, whose ligands are mLDL, HDL, fatty acids, and triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein particles, such as VLDL \\[[@B20-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B21-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B22-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Interaction between mLDL and CD36 activates signaling pathways mediated by nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (SRC), cJun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), Rac (GTPase) protein, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB transcription factor), which enhance LDL absorption, oxidative processes, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines \\[[@B23-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Recent studies have shown that one of the regulators of CD36 expression is CD146, which promotes internalization of oxLDL \\[[@B24-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nAnother scavenger receptor implicated in atherosclerosis-associated lipid accumulation is lectin-like oxidized LDL-1 receptor (LOX-1), a member of the E class SR family. ",
"Although LOX-1 expression is low under normal conditions, the development of inflammation and increased oxidative processes in the intima can increase the receptor expression and subsequent uptake of oxLDL \\[[@B25-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"PCSK9, which affects the expression of LDLR in macrophages, can also upregulate the expression of SR-A, CD36, LOX-1, and the absorption of oxLDL in the presence of TNF-α \\[[@B26-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nIn addition, several other mLDL-binding receptors of secondary importance have been identified. ",
"CD68 is a member of class D scavenger receptors and plays only a minor role in the uptake of mLDL \\[[@B27-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"SCARF1 (the first class F scavenger receptor) can bind mLDL in endothelial cells \\[[@B28-biomedicines-08-00262]\\] and participate in clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages \\[[@B29-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"SR-PSOX/CXCL16 receptor of class G may bind oxLDL in macrophage-like human THP-1 cells \\[[@B30-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Finally, scavenger receptors, as well as TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9, are combined into the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) group and are involved not only in lipid uptake, but also in the activation of inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages \\[[@B31-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\n3. ",
"Intracellular Lipid Trafficking and Storage {#sec3-biomedicines-08-00262}\n==============================================\n\nIntracellular cholesterol trafficking starts from the early endosome formation, where LDL particles are transferred into the endosome from the cell plasma membrane. ",
"Receptors to LDL are recycled from the early endosomes, when LDL are transferred to the late endosomes that fuse with lysosomes, forming endolysosomes with acidic luminal pH \\[[@B32-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"A lysosome contains up to 60 different hydrolytic enzymes, such as proteases, nucleases, and lipases \\[[@B33-biomedicines-08-00262]\\], including lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), which converts cholesterol esters and triglyceride molecules from LDL particles into free cholesterol and fatty acids, respectively \\[[@B34-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Hydrolyzed fatty acids are substrates for production of VLDL and fatty acid β-oxidation cycle (FAO) \\[[@B35-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Modified lipids can trigger lysosomal stress and subsequently upregulate the *LIPA* gene expression in macrophages \\[[@B36-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Moreover, lipid-laden foamy macrophages display a higher level of *LIPA* expression in comparison to nonfoamy ones, which have highly activated proinflammatory genes \\[[@B37-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B38-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B39-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Additionally, there are evidences that modified LDL-induced lysosomal stress leads to impaired lysosomal acidification, which interferes with proper LAL activity \\[[@B36-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Thus, increased LAL activity in lipid-laden macrophages might be completely inefficient in handling the increased influx of lipids.",
"\n\nNiemann--Pick type C (NPC) 1 and 2 proteins \\[[@B40-biomedicines-08-00262]\\] and lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP)1 and 2 are required to transfer cholesterol out of the lysosome \\[[@B41-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"LAMP2 facilitates shuttling of cholesterol from NPC2, which is located in the lysosomal lumen, to NPC1, which is a transmembrane protein located in the lysosomal membrane \\[[@B41-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) is a specific component of endosomal LBPA-membrane that plays an important role in controlling the endosomal cholesterol trafficking. ",
"It was shown that direct interaction of NPC2 with LBPA facilitates the transfer of cholesterol to the membrane and further, out of the lysosome. ",
"Moreover, it was also found that LBPA-membranes may control both cholesterol storage capacity of endolysosomes and cholesterol egress \\[[@B42-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nFrom LBPA-membranes, cholesterol can be transferred to the ER, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane via both vesicular and nonvesicular routes of intracellular lipid trafficking \\[[@B43-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Moreover, it can even be transported to mitochondria \\[[@B44-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Surprisingly, energy-dependent vesicular transport is less abundant than the nonvesicular way. ",
"Thus, most lipid trafficking occurs in the membrane contact sites that connect the ER with the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, plasma membrane, endosomes, lysosomes, and peroxisomes \\[[@B45-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B46-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B47-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B48-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Nonvesicular transport is mediated by several classes of lipid-binding proteins, such as oxysterol binding protein-related proteins (ORPs) \\[[@B49-biomedicines-08-00262]\\], related VAD1 (vascular associated death 1) analog of star related lipid transfer (VASt), synaptotagmin-like mitochondrial lipid binding protein (SMP) \\[[@B50-biomedicines-08-00262]\\], and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein related lipid transfer (START) \\[[@B51-biomedicines-08-00262]\\], which separate hydrophobic cholesterol from the aqueous environment of the cytoplasm.",
"\n\nFrom late endosomes, cholesterol and other lipids are transferred to the ER, which has a key role in cholesterol synthesis, sensing, and redistribution, as well as protein synthesis, folding, and transport within the cell \\[[@B52-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B53-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B54-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"The ER membranes maintain a stably low cholesterol concentration, which is necessary for optimal functioning of the ER-related enzymes. ",
"SREBP2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-1 (Nrf1) are the main factors that help regulate the cholesterol concentration \\[[@B55-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nNrf1, which is thought to be the core component in cholesterol homeostasis, senses cholesterol by physical interaction in the ER membrane, mediates CD36 and LXR activities, and, together with SREBP2, regulates the cellular cholesterol level \\[[@B55-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"SREBP2 mediates cholesterol synthesis under low cholesterol concentration. ",
"Under low and normal cholesterol concentration, Nrf1 is located in the nucleus where it blocks CD36 and LXR gene expression. ",
"By contrast, under high cholesterol concentration, Nrf1 is retained in the ER through binding with cholesterol. ",
"Inhibition of LXR and CD36 expression by Nrf1 is therefore ceased, and cholesterol efflux and CD36-driven inflammation are increased \\[[@B55-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nIf the rate of cholesterol influx becomes too high and mechanisms of cholesterol homeostasis regulation do not work properly, it can lead to ER stress initiation. ",
"The main sensors of the ER stress caused by excessive cholesterol are PERK (protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) and IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme 1), which, in turn, launch the unfolded protein response (UPR). ",
"The UPR is activated mainly in response to accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen \\[[@B56-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"However, it was recently shown that cholesterol can directly activate IRE1- and PERK-related signaling pathways without any perturbation of protein folding \\[[@B57-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Thus, PERK and IRE1 sense the cholesterol concentration changes via their transmembrane domains and launch the UPR, which may lead to apoptosis \\[[@B58-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Other consequences of the UPR are upregulation of scavenger receptors (CD36, SR-A1) and downregulation of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1, which leads to foam cell formation \\[[@B59-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"UPR signaling is also associated with perturbations in calcium homeostasis in the ER through the inhibition of the SERCA pump in lipid-loaded macrophages \\[[@B60-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nSince free cholesterol is toxic for the cell, it can be detoxified through esterification and stored as cholesterol ester in lipid droplets \\[[@B61-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Transformation of free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters is catalyzed by acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACAT). ",
"The ACAT proteins comprise ACAT1, ACAT2, and diacylglycerol acyltransferases 1 and 2 (DGAT1 and 2). ",
"ACAT1 converts free cholesterol into cholesterol ester \\[[@B62-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"ACAT1 can be regulated by various signaling pathways, some of which enhance its expression (MAP, Jak, Erk kinase cascades), while others decrease it (Jnk, NF-κB) \\[[@B63-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nFatty acids, generated as a result of LDL degradation, are converted to inert triglycerides and driven to lipid droplets to be stored by cells in this inert form. ",
"Alternatively, fatty acids can be transported from the droplets to the mitochondria to produce NADH, FADH~2~, and acetyl-CoA via fatty acid β-oxidation cycle (FAO) and ATP via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle \\[[@B64-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Triacylglycerols (triglycerides) are synthesized between the two leaflets of the ER membrane by DGAT1 and DGAT2. ",
"DGATs convert diacylglycerol and fatty acyl-CoA to triacylglycerol \\[[@B65-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"By contrast, the sequential action of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) convert triacylglycerol back to fatty acids \\[[@B66-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Before the transfer to mitochondria, fatty acids are converted by long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase to fatty acyl-CoA. Subsequently, fatty acyl-CoA interacts with carnitine via action of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI) and is transported to the mitochondria as fatty acyl carnitine, where FAO takes place \\[[@B64-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Malonyl-CoA can prevent the transfer of fatty acyl carnitine to mitochondria by inhibition of CPTI \\[[@B67-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B68-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nThe excess amount of free cholesterol and other neutral lipids is transferred from the ER to lipid droplets to be stored there. ",
"The lipid droplet is a unique organelle, which consists of the core made of neutral lipids, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer with integral proteins. ",
"The lipid droplet also stores potentially toxic lipids, such as fatty acids, and may protect the cell from lipotoxicity, oxidative and ER stress, and autophagy. ",
"Lipid droplets interact and exchange cholesterol and other lipids with the ER, lysosomes, endosomes, and mitochondria \\[[@B69-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Moreover, lipid droplets are considered as central regulators of lipid uptake, trafficking, metabolism, and signaling in the cell \\[[@B70-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nThe mechanism of lipid droplet biogenesis is being thoroughly studied, but remains insufficiently understood to date. ",
"The first step of lipid droplet biogenesis is sterol esters synthesis by ACAT1 and ACAT2, and triacylglycerols synthesis by DGAT1 and DGAT2 \\[[@B65-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Accumulation of neutral lipids in the ER membrane leaflets leads to the formation of the lens structure, which enlarges and buds from the ER membrane, forming a lipid droplet. ",
"Lipid droplet budding is promoted by FIT1 and FIT2 (fat storage-inducing transmembrane) \\[[@B71-biomedicines-08-00262]\\], the conserved ER membrane protein seipin \\[[@B72-biomedicines-08-00262]\\], and perilipins (Pln1) \\[[@B73-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"After budding, lipid droplets enlarge through droplet--droplet fusion, transfer of neutral lipids via ER membrane bridges, or even through triacylglycerol synthesis by lipid droplet-localized triacylglycerol synthesis enzymes \\[[@B74-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Phospholipids from the ER membrane are also required for growing lipid droplet. ",
"Fatty acids stimulate the activity of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase-α (CCTα), which participates in phosphatidylcholine synthesis \\[[@B75-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Moreover, CCTα upregulation induces inflammatory response in adipose tissue macrophages \\[[@B76-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Lipid droplets can either stay attached to the ER or detached from it \\[[@B77-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"In addition, lipid droplets may play an important role in alleviating ER stress as they can store the excess amounts of fatty acids, remove phospholipids from the ER membrane, and, moreover, might be involved in the clearance of misfolded proteins \\[[@B78-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nIn addition to the membrane contact sites with the ER, which are built during biogenesis, lipid droplets can also form contacts with most cellular organelles such as Golgi, mitochondria, lysosomes, nucleus, and peroxisomes \\[[@B79-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"These membranes contact sites facilitate the exchange of lipids, ions, and metabolites \\[[@B80-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nContact sites between lipid droplets and mitochondria allow release of fatty acids, which are used by mitochondria for energy production via TCA and FAO \\[[@B3-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"In addition to mitochondria, peroxisomes are an important site for β-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids and branched fatty acids \\[[@B81-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Alternatively, enhanced ATP synthesis in mitochondria may serve a fuel for triacylglycerol synthesis. ",
"Thus, the mitochondria--droplet interaction may mediate both lipogenesis and lipolysis under different metabolic conditions \\[[@B69-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Moreover, during autophagy, lipid droplet biogenesis may regulate consumption of acylcarnitine by mitochondria, which prevents mitochondrial dysfunction because of excessive acylcarnitine accumulation \\[[@B82-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\n4. ",
"Lipid Biosynthesis {#sec4-biomedicines-08-00262}\n=====================\n\nOne of the key enzymes in intracellular cholesterol biosynthesis is HMG-CoA reductase localized in the ER, which catalyzes mevalonate synthesis. ",
"This is the limiting stage of cholesterol synthesis in cells. ",
"Cholesterol is synthesized from mevalonate by a series of successive reactions. ",
"After synthesis, cholesterol leaves the ER and is delivered to the plasma membrane. ",
"Inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase gene in macrophages leads to a decrease in the migration activity of monocytes and macrophages to foci of atherosclerotic lesions \\[[@B83-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Lipid synthesis involves a series of sequential enzymatic reactions in which triglycerides, fatty acids, and cholesterol are formed from acetyl-CoA \\[[@B84-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nThe SREBP family includes three proteins---SREBP1a, SREBP1c, and SREBP2---and activates lipid synthesis under lipid deficiency. ",
"SREBP1 controls the transcription of genes, such as the fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene, which are involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. ",
"At the same time, SREBP2 regulates cholesterol biosynthesis, intracellular transfer of lipids, and LDL uptake \\[[@B85-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"SREBP forms a complex with SCAP, which contains a sterol-sensing domain that allows detecting fluctuations of cholesterol concentration. ",
"The SREBP--SCAP complex is retained in the ER membrane by insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) under normal and high cholesterol concentration. ",
"When cholesterol concentration drops below 5%, INSIG1 dissociates from the complex and remains anchored in the membrane, allowing SREBP-SCAP to be transferred to the Golgi apparatus. ",
"Once on the Golgi membranes, SREBP matures and is further translocated to the nucleus, where it activates the expression of lipid synthesis genes \\[[@B85-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nWhen the concentration of intracellular lipids decreases, fatty acids synthesis is activated by SREBP1c and upstream stimulatory factors (USF1 and USF2) in the cytoplasm, thanks to which, cells can synthesize lipids from precursors originating from other metabolic pathways, such as TCA, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathways.",
"\n\nFatty acid synthesis from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA in the presence of NADPH in macrophages is catalyzed by FASN, which is found to be located both in the cytosol and in the mitochondria \\[[@B86-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Malonyl-CoA is a key metabolite that regulates fatty acid synthesis, such as FAO. ",
"At a low cellular level of malonyl-CoA, fatty acids are involved in triglyceride production, and at high levels of malonyl-CoA, fatty acids are prevented from entering mitochondria and subsequently from FAO \\[[@B87-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Lipogenesis in macrophages is necessary not only for maintaining the stability of lipid membrane composition, but also for synthesis of inflammatory mediators, in particular, in macrophages that have a proinflammatory (M1) phenotype. ",
"FASN deficiency leads to changes of the plasma membrane composition and reduced transmission of proinflammatory signals \\[[@B64-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Moreover, it was shown that FAO activity correlates with the type of macrophage polarization. ",
"Specifically, the alternative (anti-inflammatory) M2 macrophage polarization leads to upregulation of FAO and lipolysis via LAL upon IL-4 stimulation. ",
"On the contrary, in M1 macrophages, lipolysis, and FAO are strongly downregulated, while oxLDL uptake, as well as CD36 expression, and lipid droplet biogenesis are increased \\[[@B3-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"As a result, M1 macrophages can accumulate more lipids than M2 macrophages and can serve as a source of foam cells in the atherosclerotic lesion ([Figure 1](#biomedicines-08-00262-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\nIn addition, atherosclerosis can be accompanied by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations that are associated with proinflammatory signaling and foam cell formation \\[[@B88-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Mutations in mtDNA can lead to defective function of mitochondrial origin proteins, which participate in energy production and code tRNAs. ",
"These mtDNA mutations contribute to impaired TCA and ATP production, oxidative stress and promotion of atherosclerosis. ",
"In our previous studies, we have shown that mtDNA mutation are correlated with conventional atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk factors \\[[@B89-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nFoam cell formation in atherosclerosis might be tightly related to mitochondrial dysfunction that impairs FAO and TCA cycles \\[[@B90-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"In that case, mutations in mtDNA genes related to the OXPHOS pathway might disrupt FAO, since it interconnects with TCA. ",
"Besides, mtDNA mutations and defective mitophagy may promote proinflammatory response in macrophages and provoke local inflammation in the vascular wall that leads to possible M1 macrophage polarization and subsequent massive lipid accumulation and severe atherosclerotic lesion \\[[@B88-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\n5. ",
"Cholesterol Efflux {#sec5-biomedicines-08-00262}\n=====================\n\nCellular cholesterol homeostasis is also maintained by removing free cholesterol from the cell via a specific mechanism called cholesterol efflux. ",
"This mechanism starts with conversion of cholesterol ester to free cholesterol by neutral hydrolase of cholesterol esters (NCEH) \\[[@B91-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B92-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Hormone-sensitive lipase (Lipe) and carboxyl esterase 3 (Ces3) can hydrolyze cholesterol ester in addition to NCEH. ",
"However, it has been shown \\[[@B62-biomedicines-08-00262]\\] that the activity and level of *NCEH* expression are several times higher than Lipe and Ces3, which suggests that NCEH may play a key role in the hydrolysis of cholesterol esters \\[[@B93-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Regulated cholesterol efflux in macrophages is carried out by aqueous diffusion, passive transport via SR-BI, and active transport via ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) and A1 (ABCA1) \\[[@B94-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B95-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Aqueous diffusion provides the flow of free cholesterol through plasma membrane to HDL (high-density lipoprotein) particles. ",
"Cholesterol efflux from macrophages is mediated by ABCA1 to Apo AI, by ABCG1 to HDL particles and by passive transport via SR-B1 to HDL particles \\[[@B96-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nABCA1 and ABCG1 are localized in the plasma membrane and mediate cholesterol efflux to HDL and apolipoprotein AI \\[[@B95-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B97-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"However, ABCA1 and ABCG1 are not anchored to the membrane and are able to translocate between the plasma membrane and cholesterol-rich endosomes. ",
"LXRα, LXRβ, RXR, and PPARγ, which are transcription factors in many signaling pathways, upregulate the expression of ABC transporters under conditions of excessive cholesterol accumulation \\[[@B97-biomedicines-08-00262],[@B98-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"In addition, protein kinases PKA, PKC, and JAK2 provide phosphorylation of ABCA1 and ABCG1, which protects ABC transporters from degradation and thereby increases cholesterol efflux \\[[@B99-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"In contrast, PCSK9 downregulates Abca1 gene expression under cellular cholesterol depletion, but makes only a minor effect on expression of ABCG1 and SR-B1 \\[[@B100-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"The ER stress may provoke overexpression of miRNA-33, which also downregulates ABCA1 expression, and, as a consequence, cholesterol efflux \\[[@B101-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Moreover, ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux may be mediated by autophagy that is regulated by inactivation of mTORC1 \\[[@B102-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"In addition, oxidative stress may also induce autophagy by dysregulation of the Keap1 (Kelch ECH associating protein 1) Nrf2 pathway \\[[@B103-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Nrf2 increases transcription activation of various autophagy associated genes, including p62 gene, which facilitates mitophagy \\[[@B102-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\nSR-B1 is a homolog of CD36 \\[[@B96-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Numerous studies have delivered conflicting results regarding the contribution of SR-B1 to macrophage cholesterol efflux \\[[@B104-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"The activity of SR-B1 can be either higher or lower than the activity of ABCA1, depending on the cholesterol efflux rate and cellular cholesterol level. ",
"However, both transporters act together. ",
"It has been shown that SR-BI may participate in the regulation of macrophage apoptosis \\[[@B105-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"Cholesterol overload may provoke macrophage death in atherosclerotic lesions. ",
"However, the SR-B1 gene deletion in macrophages may lead to apoptosis inhibition under conditions of cholesterol accumulation. ",
"The transcription factors PPARγ and LXRα can regulate SR-BI \\[[@B106-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"It was shown that activation of PI3 and Akt signaling pathways by IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) may inhibit the LXRα expression, which subsequently leads to a decrease of both SR-B1 and ABC transporters abundancy \\[[@B107-biomedicines-08-00262]\\]. ",
"The expression level of SR-B1, as well as ABCA1 and ABCG1, may be affected by TLR2, which significantly reduces the expression of transporters in macrophages by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway \\[[@B108-biomedicines-08-00262]\\].",
"\n\n6. ",
"Conclusions {#sec6-biomedicines-08-00262}\n==============\n\nIn the current work, we presented the summarized knowledge obtained both by recent studies and classical works on the involvement of cholesterol metabolism in macrophages in atherosclerosis development and progression. ",
"Macrophages are specialized cells that can participate in clearance of the intimal space from native and modified LDL. ",
"However, they are faced with the difficult task of catabolism of excess lipids, which may interfere with the physiological cellular lipid metabolism. ",
"Cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages is a dynamic balance between cholesterol uptake, de novo synthesis, and efflux. ",
"These processes are tightly regulated by cellular signaling systems that are also affected by such events as proinflammatory activation, stimulation of phagocytosis, and induction of autophagy. ",
"The signaling networks regulating these key events in macrophages are likely to contain specific proteins that can become therapeutic targets for treatment of atherosclerosis. ",
"Among them are scavenger receptors that are responsible for lipid uptake and factors regulating their expression, ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters responsible for cholesterol efflux, and SREBP family proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis. ",
"The link between macrophage pro- or anti-inflammatory polarization and alteration of cholesterol metabolism appears to be especially interesting in the context of atherosclerosis. ",
"Proinflammatory macrophage polarization is accompanied by decreased lipolysis and enhanced uptake of lipoproteins through an unspecific way leading to foam cell formation, while alternative polarization, induced by IL-4 enhances lipolysis. ",
"Despite the substantial amount of data accumulated on lipid homeostasis in macrophages, much work remains to be done to improve our understanding of the mechanistic details of foam cell formation and to translate this knowledge to therapeutic opportunities. ",
"The root cause of lipid accumulation by macrophages still remains to be identified: it may be a specific reaction of cells on mLDL or other environmental factors, as well as a response to pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines or other signal mediators. ",
"In any case, the process of excessive lipid accumulation in macrophages is unlikely to be a simple metabolic defect, taking into account upregulation of scavenger receptors that interact with mLDL, and the fact that alternatively polarized M2 macrophages have only marginal lipid accumulation. ",
"Signals appearing at the organism level, such as systemic inflammatory condition, can also have an effect on arterial wall cells, including macrophages recruited to the subendothelial space, facilitating lipid accumulation and atherosclerosis development. ",
"The exact factors and signaling pathways mediating these effects should be identified by future studies. ",
"Another line of future research is the study of mtDNA mutations that are likely to be involved in both cellular lipid metabolism and cellular inflammatory response, but remain insufficiently studied to date to leverage their potential for diagnostic and therapy. ",
"Obtaining answers to the questions listed above will improve our understanding of atherosclerosis development and, as a consequence, our ability to find novel and effective therapies.",
"\n\nConceptualization, supervision and funding acquisition, A.N.O. and I.A.S.; writing---original draft preparation, V.N.S., V.A.K., Y.S.C. and E.I.; visualization, V.A.K.; writing---review and editing, V.N.S., V.A.K. and E.I.; project administration, E.I. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.",
"\n\nThis work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant \\#20-15-00337.",
"\n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest.",
"\n\n{#biomedicines-08-00262-f001}\n\nbiomedicines-08-00262-t001_Table 1\n\n###### \n\nKey components of macrophage lipid metabolism.",
"\n\n Process Main Participants of Processes Regulation Cell Compartment\n ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------\n Receptor-mediated LDL uptake TLR4, MyD88 SYK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway Plasma membrane\n LDLR, LRP1 AP-2, CCC, WASH, PCSK9, LXR, SREBP1c, SREBP2 \n SR-AI, SR-AII Sac1, Sac3, LKB1 \n CD36 Kinases Src, Jnk, Rac (GTPase) protein, NF-κB, CD146, Nrf1 \n LOX-1 PCSK9 \n CD68, SCARF1, SR-PSOX/CXCL16 \n Fluid-phase pinocytosis (receptor-independent LDL uptake) PI3K, LXR, M-CSF receptor, PKC Plasma membrane\n LDL lysis Lysosomal lipoprotein lipase, lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) Perilipins, Lipases and Rab GTPases Lysosomes\n Intracellular lipid trafficking NPC 1 and 2 LAMP 1 and 2, LBPA Lysosomes\n ORP, VASt, START Cytoplasm \n Free cholesterol esterification ACAT1 Kinase signaling cascade MAP, Jak, Erk, and signaling cascade Jnk, NF-κB Endoplasmic reticulum\n Fatty acid β-oxidation Acyl-CoA synthetase, carnitine acyltransferase 1, β-oxidation pathway enzymes Malonyl-CoA Cytoplasm, Mitochondria\n Fatty acid synthesis Acetyl-CoA, ACC, FASN, malonyl-CoA, fatty acyl-CoA SREBP1, USF1, and USF2 Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Cytoplasm\n Triacylglycerol synthesis DGAT1, DGAT2, diacylglycerol, fatty acyl-CoA Endoplasmic reticulum\n Lipid droplet formation ACAT1, ACAT2, DGAT1, DGAT2, FIT1, FIT2, seipin, Pln1, CCTα Endoplasmic reticulum\n Cholesterol synthesis HMG-CoA reductase, acetyl-CoA, HMG-CoA, Mevalonate SREBP2, SCAP, INSIG1 Endoplasmic reticulum\n Generation of free cholesterol and fatty acids from cholesterol esters NCEH, Lipe, Ces3 Endoplasmic reticulum\n Free cholesterol efflux to HDL ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-BI LXRα, LXRβ, RXR, PPARγ, PCSK9, DAPK1, NF-κB, PKA, PKC, JAK2, miRNA-33, mTORC1, Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, IGF-1, PI3, and Akt signaling pathways, TLR2 Plasma membrane\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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[
"Biochemical and spectroscopic studies of human melanotransferrin (MTf): electron-paramagnetic resonance evidence for a difference between the iron-binding site of MTf and other transferrins.",
"\nMelanotransferrin (MTf) is a member of the transferrin (Tf) family of iron (Fe)-binding proteins that was first identified as a cell-surface marker of melanoma. ",
"Although MTf has a high-affinity Fe-binding site that is practically identical to that of serum Tf, the protein does not play an essential role in Fe homeostasis and its precise molecular function remains unclear. ",
"A Zn(II)-binding motif, distinct from the Fe-binding site, has been proposed in human MTf based on computer modelling studies. ",
"However, little is known concerning the interaction of its proposed binding site(s) with metals and the consequences in terms of MTf conformation. ",
"For the first time, biochemical and spectroscopic techniques have been used in this study to characterise metal ion-binding to recombinant MTf. ",
"Initially, the binding of Fe to MTf was examined using 6M urea gel electrophoresis. ",
"Although four different iron-loaded forms were observed with serum Tf, only two forms were found with MTf, the apo-form and the N-monoferric holo-protein, suggesting a single high-affinity site. ",
"The presence of a single Fe(III)-binding site was also supported by EPR results which indicated that the Fe(III)-binding characteristics of MTf were unique, but somewhat comparable to the N-lobes of human serum Tf and chicken ovo-Tf. ",
"Circular dichroism (CD) analysis indicated that, as for Tf, no changes in secondary structure could be observed upon Fe(III)-binding. ",
"The ability of MTf to bind Zn(II) was also investigated using CD which demonstrated that the single high-affinity Fe-binding site was distinct from a potential Zn(II)-binding site."
] | {
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[
"Strong 3D Printing by TPMS Injection.",
"\n3D printed objects are rapidly becoming prevalent in science, technology and daily life. ",
"An important question is how to obtain strong and durable 3D models using standard printing techniques. ",
"This question is often translated to computing smartly designed interior structures that provide strong support and yield resistant 3D models. ",
"In this paper we suggest a combination between 3D printing and material injection to achieve strong 3D printed objects. ",
"We utilize triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) to define novel interior support structures. ",
"TPMS are closed form and can be computed in a simple and straightforward manner. ",
"Since TPMS are smooth and fully connected, we utilize them to define channels that adequately distribute injected materials in the shape interior. ",
"To account for weak regions, TPMS channels are locally optimized according to the shape stress field. ",
"After the object is printed, we simply inject the TPMS channels with materials that solidify and yield a strong inner structure that supports the shape. ",
"Our method allows injecting a wide range of materials in an object interior in a fast and easy manner. ",
"Results demonstrate the efficiency of strong printing by combining 3D printing and injection together."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
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[
"After much pressure, church finally withdraws transfer order of 5 Kerala nuns\n\nBishop Angelo, who is currently the Apostolic Administrator of the Jalandhar diocese, said that the transfer order would stand revoked till the case is in court.",
"\n\nnews\n\nIn a much-delayed move which has come after immense pressure, the Missionaries of Jesus congregation has finally revoked the transfer orders of the five Kerala nuns, who are the key witnesses in the case against rape accused Bishop, Franco Mulakkal\n\nConveying the news to them, current apostolic administrator of Jalandhar diocese, Bishop Angelo, wrote a letter stating that their transfer orders would stand revoked as long as the case was in court.",
"\n\n“I was surprised and dismayed at seeing the letter to Sr Neena Rose. ",
"I am giving a directive to the General that she will not issue any letters to the 5 of you without my explicit permission. ",
"This will be an order to her from me as Apostolic Administrator of the congregation - since it is of Diocesan Right, it comes under me,” Bishop Agnello wrote.",
"\n\nThe Superior General of the Jalandhar diocese had earlier transferred 4 of the nuns - Sr Anupama, Sr Josephine, Sr Alphy and Sr Ancitta - to Punjab, Jharkhand, Bihar and Kannur. ",
"The move was criticised as a deliberate attempt to separate them and weaken the case.",
"\n\nLater the Superior General had also wrote to fifth nun, Sr Neena Rose - which Bishop Agnelo mentions here - demanding that Sr Neena present herself before the authorities in Jalandhar, where Bishop Franco currently resides. ",
"This was a direct attempt to bring a witness out of the jurisdiction of the Kerala police and under the control of the accused Bishop.",
"\n\n“I would like to assure the five of you that as far as it lies within my power, there will be no move to oust you from the Kuruvilangad convent as long as you are needed for the court case,” Bishop Agnelo’s letter further read.",
"\n\nHe concluded the letter adding that the church would want the truth to emerge - a statement that contradicts the church’s actions thus far.",
"\n\nOn Saturday, the Save Our Sisters forum, which has been fighting for the nuns in the Bishop Franco case, along with the nuns themselves organised a one-day protest against the transfer orders. ",
"The protest was held in the old police station grounds in Kottayam and attended by several prominent writers, poets and activists.",
"\n\nDuring the conference, a group of protestors from the Catholic Federation of India, reached the SOS convention and attempted to attack the nuns - Sr Anupama, Sr Alphy, Sr Josephine and Sr Neena Rose - for protesting.",
"\n\nThe clash was finally resolved when the police arrived and removed those group of attackers from the premises."
] | {
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[
"1) Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to an alternative communication path design in a switching destination at the time of occurrence of a failure in a communication path. ",
"More particularly, the invention relates to a method of and apparatus for determining an alternative communication path, which can shorten a recovery time of the communication path at the time of the occurrence of a failure more realistically.",
"\n2) Description of the Related Art\nAccording to diversification of service and demand expansion in Internet, a communication traffic volume in backbone networks is increasing remarkably. ",
"For this reason, in backbone networks, a capacity is being enlarged and a speed is being heightened based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique.",
"\nIn order to realize flexible control of a mesh type network and an efficient operation due to sharing of an auxiliary wavelength, optical cross connect (OXC) and optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM) are being developed. ",
"A new communication infrastructure and introduction of its service are expected.",
"\nIn large-capacity WDM networks, as a number of services in a system become larger, damage due to the occurrence of a failure is more extensive. ",
"For this reason, development of advanced management systems which heightens reliability of the networks is an issue. ",
"Particularly techniques to which recover services quickly from link failures and network node failures using optical layers are important.",
"\nThe inventors of the present invention are examining a preplan type failure recovery system which realizes quick recovery from failures in the WDM networks (see “A Study on Path Restoration Method Based on Pre-planned Configuration” by Yasuki FUJII, Keiji MIYAZAKI and Khohei ISEDA, “Technical Report of IEICE” TM2000-60, pp. ",
"67 to 72, November 2000).",
"\nIn the preplan type failure recovery system, failure information is posted from network nodes that detect a failure to adjacent network nodes successively in network nodes where alternative communication path information is preset (flooding). ",
"As a result, the network nodes switch the communication paths in parallel according to the set alternative communication path information. ",
"As a result, the time required for dynamically searching for an alternative communication path can be shortened, and thus high-speed service recovery can be expected.",
"\nEven if the parallel switching of the communication paths is enabled, however, when the time until the network node on the alternative communication path to be switched receives the post of a failure is long, the high-speed service recovery cannot be realized.",
"\nFIG. ",
"19 is a diagram explaining the above conventional preplan type failure recovery system. ",
"The drawing illustrates a network which is based on an optical path where an optical signal is transmitted/received between terminal stations, and particularly illustrates the network using optical cross connect (OXC) for relay, in which a plurality of optical signals are multiplexed in an optical fiber using the WDM technique.",
"\nIn FIG. ",
"19, it is supposed that communication is carried out on a current communication path WP1 of network nodes 17, 10, 12 and 14 from a network node 1 to a network node 2. ",
"If a failure 11 occurs between the network nodes 10 and 12, for example, the network node 12 on a lower stream side detects the failure. ",
"Each network node includes an optical cross connect as an optical switch.",
"\nThe optical cross connect has a function of adjusting an angle of a built-in mirror (not illustrated) so as to switch a connecting state between a port on an optical signal input section and a port on an optical signal output section.",
"\nThe network node 12 which detects the failure transfers a failure notification message 13 including failure location information to the (adjacent) network node 14. ",
"The (adjacent) network node 14 further posts the message 13 to the (adjacent) network node 15. ",
"In such a manner, the message 13 is posted to the adjacent network nodes successively (flooding).",
"\nThe (alternative communication path relay) network nodes 15 and 16 and the (communication path switching) network nodes 14 and 17 transfer the failure notification message to all the adjacent network nodes excluding the network nodes which receive the message only when they receive the failure notification message at the first time.",
"\nThe communication path is switched from the current communication path WP1 into an alternative communication path SP1 according to the preset alternative communication path information.",
"\nWhen the alternative communication path relay network node or the communication path switching network node on the set alternative communication path is separated from the failure detected network node and thus takes a long time until reception of the failure notification message, this is a major factor in a delay of the communication path recovery.",
"\nIn the prior art, therefore, an alternative communication path, where the time required for transferring the failure notification message from the network node which detects the failure to all the network nodes on the alternative communication path does not exceed a given upper limit time, is pre-searched at the time of designing the alternative communication path, and this alternative communication path is set in the network nodes (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. ",
"H3-241938, 2002-77244, and 2002-281068).",
"\nIn the prior art, when a failure occurs, the communication path is switched from a current communication path into an alternative communication path, but the recovery of the communication path is occasionally delayed depending on selection of a switching network node on an upper stream side with respect to a failure location on the current communication path.",
"\nThat is to say, the network node where the communication path is switched requires an initial setting step of adjusting an angle of the mirror roughly as initial setting, and a finely adjusting step of finely adjusting the angle of the mirror so that an input of an optical signal is received from the upper stream and the output becomes normal. ",
"When these steps are not successively executed from the switching network node on the upper stream side to the switching network node on the lower stream side on the alternative communication path, the alternative communication path is not opened to traffic.",
"\nHow quickly the switching network node on the upper stream side is switched is, therefore, important to shortening of the recovery time.",
"\nIn the prior art, however, the alternative communication path, where the time for transferring the failure notification message from the failure detected network node does not exceed the given upper limit time, is set in the network nodes. ",
"Since the switching network node on the upper stream side is not, however, always switched in the quickest manner, the recovery of the communication path is occasionally delayed."
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[
"Chelation therapy in beta-thalassemia: an optimistic update.",
"\nIron chelation therapy with desferrioxamine (DFO) has dramatically improved the outlook in beta-thalassemia. ",
"Parenteral DFO reduces tissue iron stores, prevents iron-induced organ damage, and reduces morbidity and mortality, with little serious toxicity. ",
"However, the burden of prolonged subcutaneous portable pump infusions, high cost, and patient noncompliance have prompted the development of new methods of administration and new formulations of DFO as well as oral iron chelators. ",
"Deferiprone (L1), the only oral iron chelator studied in large long-term clinical trials, is less effective and more toxic than DFO and may not adequately control iron overload; however, compliance and quality of life are improved. ",
"Combinations of two iron chelators (such as parenteral DFO plus oral L1, or 2,3-DHB; or oral L1 plus HBED) have been shown to produce additive and synergistic effects, explained by the shuttle hypothesis. ",
"Iron bound to a \"shuttle\"--an oral agent that mobilizes tissue iron--is exchanged in the bloodstream with a \"sink\"--such as parenteral DFO--and excreted via the kidneys, while the shuttle is reutilized. ",
"Combination therapy may produce enhanced iron excretion, target specific iron compartments, minimize side effects, increase treatment options, improve compliance, and facilitate individualization of therapy. ",
"Better understanding of the kinetics of iron metabolism, iron overload, and chelation should improve therapeutic strategies."
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[
"BuzzFeed News traced a group of liberal and conservative websites back to the same company. \"",
"The product they're pitching is outrage,\" said one liberal writer.",
"\n\nLiberal Society / Conservative 101\n\nThe websites Liberal Society and Conservative 101 appear to be total opposites. ",
"The former publishes headlines such as “WOW, Sanders Just Brutally EVISCERATED Trump On Live TV. ",
"Trump Is Fuming.” ",
"Its conservative counterpart has stories like “Nancy Pelosi Just Had Mental Breakdown On Stage And Made Craziest Statement Of Her Career.” ",
"So it was a surprise last Wednesday when they published stories that were almost exactly the same, save for a few notable word changes. ",
"After CNN reported White House counselor Kellyanne Conway was “sidelined from television appearances,” both sites whipped up a post — and outrage — for their respective audiences. ",
"The resulting stories read like bizarro-world versions of each other — two articles with nearly identical words and tweets optimized for opposing filter bubbles. ",
"The similarity of the articles also provided a key clue BuzzFeed News followed to reveal a more striking truth: These for-the-cause sites that appeal to hardcore partisans are in fact owned by the same Florida company. ",
"Liberal Society and Conservative 101 are among the growing number of so-called hyperpartisan websites and associated Facebook pages that have sprung up in recent years, and that attracted significant traffic during the US election. ",
"A previous BuzzFeed News analysis of content published by conservative and liberal hyperpartisan sites found they reap massive engagement on Facebook with aggressively partisan stories and memes that frequently demonize the other side’s point of view, often at the expense of facts. ",
"Jonathan Albright, a professor at Elon University, published a detailed analysis of the hyperpartisan and fake news ecosystem. ",
"Given the money at stake, he told BuzzFeed News he’s not surprised some of the same people operate both liberal and conservative sites as a way to “run up their metrics or advertising revenue.” “",
"One of the problems that is a little overlooked is that it's not one side versus the other — there are people joining in that are really playing certain types of political [views] against each other,” Albright said. ",
"And all it takes to turn a liberal partisan story into a conservative one is to literally change a few words. ",
"Liberal Society’s story about Conway’s alleged TV ban ran with the headline, “White House FINALLY Gives Kellyanne Conway The Boot, Are You Glad?” ",
"Things were more grim over at Conservative 101: “White House Just Gave Conway The Boot, Prepare To Be Infuriated.” ",
"Both stories talked of her being given “the boot,” and both underplayed the fact that her absence from TV was temporary, given she was due to be on Fox News that very night. ",
"The stories unfolded in tandem from there. “",
"Kellyanne Conway has been a terrible communications director for Donald Trump,” were the first words of the story for liberals. “",
"Kellyanne Conway has been the go-to communications director for Donald Trump,” said the one for conservatives. ",
"They embedded the same tweets from Conway and MSNBC host Mika Brzezinski. ",
"They used the same quotes from the CNN story. ",
"They chose almost the exact same wording to talk about Conway being “banned” from major TV networks. ",
"But, critically, the conservative version inserted a reference to the “mainstream liberal media”:\n\nBuzzFeed\n\n“Are you glad to see Conway gone?” ",
"asked Liberal Society at the end of its post. “",
"Will you miss seeing Conway on TV?” ",
"asked Conservative 101. ",
"The stories read like they were stamped out of the same content machine because they were. ",
"Using domain registration records and Google Analytics and AdSense IDs, BuzzFeed News determined that both sites are owned by American News LLC of Miami. ",
"That company also operates another liberal site, Democratic Review, as well as American News, a conservative site that drew attention after the election when it posted a false article claiming that Denzel Washington endorsed Trump. ",
"It also operates GodToday.com, a site that publishes religious clickbait.",
"\n\nThis Facebook trending story is 100% made up. ",
"Nothing in it is true. ",
"This post of it alone has 10k shares in the la… https://t.co/0IYNVmUdPi\n\nLiberal Society, Democratic Review, and God Today all have the same Google Analytics ID in their source code, which means they are connected. ",
"Domain registration records show that American News LLC is the owner of God Today. (",
"The other two sites have private ownership records.)",
"\n\nConservative 101 and American News have the same Google AdSense ID and domain records show that the latter is also registered to American News LLC. ",
"Corporate records list John Crane and Tyler Shapiro as officers of the company, and Crane is listed in domain ownership records. ",
"They did not respond to three emails and a phone message from BuzzFeed News. ",
"Domain records suggest they began as conservative news publishers. ",
"John Crane acquired the AmericanNews.com domain in 2014 and added Conservative101.com in May of 2016. ",
"The company moved into liberal partisan news with the registration of DemocraticReview.com in June of last year and LiberalSociety.com a month later. (",
"Their religious clickbait site, GodToday.com, was registered in February of last year.) ",
"They also appear to run several large Facebook pages that play a major role in helping their partisan content generate social engagement and traffic. ",
"Content from American News is pushed out via a page with more than 5 million fans, while Liberal Society’s stories are promoted on a page with over 2 million fans. ",
"Given the anti-Trump aspect of the Conway story, it’s not surprising that the liberal version performed better on Facebook than the conservative one. ",
"Liberal Society’s story generated over 40,000 shares, reactions, and comments, while the Conservative 101 version earned less than 4,000. ",
"That’s not the norm for these sites. ",
"An analysis of their top-performing content on Facebook using data from BuzzSumo found that American News is by far the most successful of the sites. ",
"It also appears to push the envelope more than the others when it comes to misleading and false headlines. ",
"Since the election, it has generated huge engagement for stories that falsely claimed Miley Cyrus and Rosie O’Donnell were moving away from the US “for good” due to Trump’s victory. ",
"It also scored a hit with a false report that Nicole Kidman was “blackballed” in Hollywood for saying the country should come together to support Trump now that he’s the president. ",
"Those three stories alone generated more than 2.5 million Facebook engagements.",
"\n\nAmerican News\n\nIn contrast, Liberal Society’s biggest hit since the election is headlined “Obama Addresses Republicans: ‘I Didn’t Create Trump, Your Bigotry Toward Me Did’ – But He Has A Plan.” ",
"It generated just over 360,000 Facebook engagements. ",
"Even though the headline presents it as a direct quote, Obama did not say those exact words. ",
"It appears the headline was largely copied from a March 2016 article on liberal site Occupy Democrats, which reported accurately on comments Obama made at the time. (",
"It also did not use quotation marks in its original headline.) ",
"Grant Stern is a progressive who writes a column for Occupy Democrats and is the executive director of Photography Is Not A Crime. ",
"BuzzFeed News sent him American News LLC’s liberal and conservative sites and asked him to comment on the fact that they’re run by the same company. “",
"Those websites are marketing websites,” he said after looking at the content, “and the product they're pitching is outrage.” ",
"It’s unclear if the people running American News LLC use the same writers for their conservative and liberal websites, or if they have separate teams. ",
"What is clear is at least one of their sites is using fake author photos. ",
"The author page for God Today lists two writers, Henry Freeman and John Sullivan. ",
"The photos for these writers are taken from stock video footage. ",
"Sullivan appears in a Shutterstock video entitled “Mature man playing golf on golf course.” ",
"Freeman’s photo is taken from footage entitled, “Young man writing in notebook in city park.” (",
"After this article was published, God Today removed the photos and bios for Sullivan and Freeman from the authors page.)",
"\n\nLiberal Society / Shutterstock\n\nLiberal Society is the only partisan site owned by the group that lists its writers. ",
"It does not have photos but the bios for Travis Davidson and Jacob Richardson are written in an identical style to the ones on God Today. ",
"Here’s Henry Freeman’s from God Today: Henry Freeman grew up in North Carolina and attended the University of Alabama, where he studied journalism. ",
"He has a passion for writing and thoroughly enjoys bringing smiles to the faces of his readers. ",
"He hopes to one day become an entrepreneur and give back to his community. ",
"This is Jacob Richardson’s on Liberal Society: Jacob Richardson was raised in New York City. ",
"He attended UC Berkeley where he studied Political Science and Journalism. ",
"He now lives in California and says he will live there for the rest of his life. ",
"He has a passion for staying current with global news, including politics, business, and sports. ",
"He plans on getting married in the near future and starting a family. ",
"Now that it has at least two liberal sites and two conservative ones, American News LLC appears to be setting its sights on expanding its presence in the religious clickbait space. ",
"On Feb. 17 John Crane registered two new domains: DevoutAmerica.com and EthicalAmerican.com. ",
"Neither are active as of now.",
"\n\n"
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[
"293 F.3d 1069\nIn re JUST BRAKES CORPORATE SYSTEMS, INC., ",
"Debtor.",
"David A. Sosne, Trustee, Plaintiff-Appellant,v.Reinert & Duree, P.C., et al., ",
"Defendants-Appellees.",
"\nNo. ",
"01-2852.",
"\nUnited States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.",
"\nSubmitted: January 14, 2002.",
"\nFiled: June 12, 2002.",
"\nRehearing and Rehearing En Banc Denied July 15, 2002.",
"\n\nAppeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, James J. Barta, J.\nSteven M. Hamburg, argued, St. Louis, MO, for appellant.",
"\nDavid Maxwell Duree, argued, St. Louis, MO, for appellee.",
"\nBEFORE: LOKEN, RICHARD S. ARNOLD, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.",
"\nLOKEN, Circuit Judge.",
"\n\n\n1\nThis is an action by a Chapter 7 bankruptcy Trustee to recover damages from certain judgment creditors for violating the automatic stay. ",
"In a prior appeal, we upheld a ruling that Defendants had violated the automatic stay but concluded that the Trustee's proper remedy was limited to compensatory damages and remanded for a determination of those damages. ",
"In re Just Brakes Corp. Sys., ",
"Inc., 108 F.3d 881 (8th Cir.), ",
"cert. ",
"denied, 522 U.S. 947, 118 S.Ct. ",
"364, 139 L.Ed.2d 283 (1997). ",
"On remand, the bankruptcy court awarded the Trustee the proceeds at issue without determining whether the underlying asset was part of the bankruptcy estate. ",
"On appeal, the district court held that this ruling violated the law of the case established by our prior decision and entered judgment for the Defendants. ",
"The Trustee appeals. ",
"We agree with the district court that the bankruptcy court's ruling violated our prior remand directions. ",
"But we conclude the Trustee established that the asset in question was part of the bankruptcy estate. ",
"Accordingly, we reverse and order the bankruptcy court's judgment reinstated.",
"\n\n\n2\nIn January 1991, Just Brakes Corporate Systems, Inc. assigned a registered trademark, its only valuable asset, to FGR Management, Inc., a corporation whose president was a shareholder and director of Just Brakes. ",
"Defendants sued to have the conveyance set aside as fraudulent to Just Brakes creditors. ",
"The state court enjoined Just Brakes from making further transfers and ordered a foreclosure sale of the trademark to satisfy Defendants' prior judgment against Just Brakes. ",
"The foreclosure sale was scheduled for October 15, 1991. ",
"That morning, Just Brakes commenced this Chapter 7 proceeding, thereby triggering the automatic stay of actions by its creditors to enforce prior judgments or to collect prior claims against Just Brakes or its estate. ",
"See 11 U.S.C. § 362(a).",
"\n\n\n3\nThe state court allowed the foreclosure sale to proceed over the objection of FGR Management, with the proceeds to be held in escrow while the parties litigated the validity of the sale and rights to the sale proceeds. ",
"The trademark was sold for $105,000. ",
"Defendants then moved the state court to award them the net sale proceeds of $100,717, an action that violated the Chapter 7 automatic stay. ",
"The state court granted the motion, Defendants were paid the proceeds, and the Trustee commenced this action under § 362(a) to recover the proceeds for the bankruptcy estate. ",
"The Trustee also asserted avoidance claims against Defendants and FGR Management seeking to recover the trademark and its proceeds under 11 U.S.C. §§ 547-550. ",
"However, the Trustee later dismissed those claims.",
"\n\n\n4\nThe bankruptcy court ordered Defendants to pay the net proceeds of $100,717 into the bankruptcy estate as compensatory or punitive damages for violating the automatic stay. ",
"On appeal, we concluded the Trustee is limited to compensatory relief under 11 U.S.C. § 362(a). ",
"We ordered the sale proceeds paid into escrow and remanded for determination of compensatory damages. ",
"The value of the trademark was not necessarily an appropriate compensatory remedy, we observed, because the Trustee had \"never established his right to avoid the debtor's pre-petition transfer and recover the trademark or its value for the estate.\" ",
"In re Just Brakes, 108 F.3d at 885. ",
"We further noted that Defendants' violation of the automatic stay may have caused the Trustee to incur additional litigation expenses. ",
"We encouraged the bankruptcy court to revisit that issue \"after the avoidance issues are finally resolved.\" ",
"Id. at 886.",
"\n\n\n5\nOn remand, Defendants took the position that what we had referred to as \"the avoidance issues\" could only be determined in a separate avoidance proceeding, and that any such proceeding if commenced by the Trustee would be time-barred. ",
"The contention is patently wrong. ",
"In this timely proceeding under § 362(a), liability was established on the first appeal, and we remanded for a determination of the Trustee's damages. ",
"That determination was to be made in this proceeding, whether or not it involved issues that, absent Defendants' violation of the automatic stay, would have been litigated in a separate avoidance proceeding. ",
"We held that the Trustee had to prove the trademark was part of the bankruptcy estate before the full sale proceeds could be awarded as compensatory damages for Defendants' violation of the automatic stay. ",
"We did not hold that the Trustee had to bring new avoidance claims under 11 U.S.C. §§ 547-550, or otherwise replead those claims, in order to establish the estate's property interest for purposes of this § 362(a) proceeding. ",
"Unfortunately, the bankruptcy court, the district court, and to a large extent the Trustee accepted Defendants' position in this regard, which caused the proceedings on remand to become seriously misdirected.",
"\n\n\n6\nBefore the bankruptcy court on remand, the Trustee sought to avoid Defendants' mistaken contention by arguing that the bankruptcy court need not address the avoidance issues at all. ",
"It was \"implicit in the Eighth Circuit Opinion\" that the trademark was part of the bankruptcy estate, the Trustee asserted, because there could be no violation of the automatic stay unless the proceeds were derived from a sale of the estate's property. ",
"This contention, too, was patently wrong. ",
"In the first appeal, we squarely held that we did not need to decide whether the trademark or its proceeds were property of the bankruptcy estate because Defendants violated § 362(a)(6) by taking post-petition action to collect their pre-petition judgment from the trademark proceeds, and that violation \"prejudiced the Trustee's ability to litigate a competing avoidance claim on behalf of all creditors.\" ",
"108 F.3d at 884. ",
"Because the avoidance issues were therefore unresolved, we directed the Trustee to prove on remand that the trademark was in fact property of the bankruptcy estate if he wished to recover its proceeds as compensatory damages in this § 362(a) proceeding.",
"\n\n\n7\nFaced with these competing erroneous contentions, the bankruptcy court concluded that the Trustee is entitled to recover the sale proceeds because the trademark and its proceeds were subject to an avoidance action by the Trustee that \"could have resulted in the return of the transferred assets.\" ",
"The district court concluded that this ruling \"did not follow the mandate of the Eighth Circuit on remand.\" ",
"We agree. ",
"We reversed the prior award of the proceeds because the Trustee had not established his right to recover the trademark's value for the estate. \"",
"The law of the case doctrine prevents relitigation of a settled issue in a case and requires that courts follow decisions made in earlier proceedings to insure uniformity of decisions, protect the expectations of the parties and promote judicial economy.\" ",
"Klein v. Arkoma Prod. ",
"Co., 73 F.3d 779, 784 (8th Cir.), ",
"cert. ",
"denied, 519 U.S. 815 & 816, 117 S.Ct. ",
"65, 136 L.Ed.2d 27 (1996); see In re Usery, 242 B.R. 450, 457-59 (8th Cir.",
"BAP1999), aff'd, 242 F.3d 378 (8th Cir. ",
"2000), cert. ",
"denied, 533 U.S. 903, 121 S.Ct. ",
"2243, 150 L.Ed.2d 231 (2001).",
"\n\n\n8\nHaving rejected the bankruptcy court's reasoning, the district court went on to grant judgment in favor of Defendants because \"the Trustee never established his power to avoid the pre-petition transfer [of the trademark to FGR Management] and his right to recover the trademark or its value for the estate.\" ",
"If the record supported this conclusion, we would affirm. ",
"But it does not. ",
"In his initial post-remand brief to the bankruptcy court, the Trustee argued an alternative theory:\n\n\n9\nIt is further clear from the record that the Trustee makes a prima facie case and would be entitled to relief.... The Sheriff's seizure [of the trademark] resulted in an involuntary transfer of an interest in satisfaction of an antecedent debt which allowed the creditor (Defendants) to obtain more than it [sic] would have obtained in a Chapter 7 proceeding. ",
"See 11 U.S.C. § 547. ",
"Additionally, if the Court were to allow Defendants to assert that, in spite of their previous legal positions [in state court], that the assignment to FGR was valid, such a transfer is a preference based on the record. ",
"This is established as a result of the status of FGR as an unsecured creditor in the amount of $300,000 at the time of the filing of the bankruptcy Petition. ",
"The \"look-back\" period for such a transfer is one (1) year in the event the creditor is an insider ... There is no dispute that Daryl Dunn, President of FGR Management, was a twenty-five percent (25%) shareholder and director of the Debtor [and therefore an insider as defined in 11 U.S.C. § 101(31)]. ",
"In fact, in an Order in 1991, the Bankruptcy Court found that Daryl Dunn, president of FGR Management, Inc., was a shareholder and director of the Debtor.... [Thus,] the record evidence before this Court provides sufficient evidentiary support for the Trustee's prima facie case under § 547.",
"\n\n\n10\nDefendants did not address this argument in their responsive brief to the bankruptcy court, nor in their brief as appellants to the district court. ",
"This alternative argument to the bankruptcy court was consistent with our directions on remand, and the record supports its underlying assertions. ",
"Thus, the Trustee was not to blame when the bankruptcy court violated the law of the case by failing to address this contention.",
"\n\n\n11\nHowever, the Trustee did fail to pursue this sound alternative contention in defending the bankruptcy court's favorable decision on appeal to the district court, and in arguing this appeal from the district court's adverse decision. ",
"We have discretion not to consider a legal theory abandoned on appeal. ",
"But in this case we decline to exercise that discretion. ",
"It is apparent that the proceedings on remand were misdirected by Defendants' erroneous contention that the Trustee could only prove his entitlement to the sale proceeds in a separate avoidance proceeding that is now barred for various reasons. ",
"The Trustee erred in not attacking that contention head-on, and by relying primarily on an argument squarely at odds with our prior opinion. ",
"But we remanded for a determination of an appropriate equitable remedy, and the equities strongly favor placing the trademark sale proceeds in the bankruptcy estate, for the benefit of all creditors. ",
"In these circumstances, we are unwilling to sacrifice the interests of those creditors merely because the Trustee made the correct argument in the bankruptcy court, but failed to pursue that argument on appeal.",
"\n\n\n12\nFor the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the bankruptcy court properly ordered Defendants to pay the Trustee $100,717.00, plus interest from October 15, 1991, to the date of payment, for the benefit of the bankruptcy estate. ",
"In reaching that decision, the bankruptcy court denied the Trustee an additional award of costs and attorney's fees. ",
"That ruling was not an abuse of the court's substantial remedial discretion, particularly in light of the Trustee's decision to dismiss his avoidance claims many years ago, which has resulted in two unnecessary appeals. ",
"Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is reversed, and the case is remanded with instructions to reinstate the bankruptcy court's final Order dated June 29, 2000. ",
"The parties shall bear their own costs and attorneys' fees for this appeal.",
"\n\n"
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"Is it true Steven Seagal was beaten by a Judo guy?",
"\n\nAccording to Gokor this took place on the set of \"Out for Justice\" where Segal was using a Brooklin accent and did a stick fight w/Dan Inasanto-who also tels thsi story. ",
"Well Segal was being a dick to the stuntmen, but that is his normal behavior according to them. ",
"Well he is talking about how bad he is and the stuntment say \"Yeah, well we got this old guy back here who could choke you out!\" ",
"and Segal stated that nobody coulod get close to him to choke him out he also had never heard of Judo Gene LeBell before that encounter. ",
"Well Gene came over and said that he could choke him out and and Segal said that he couldn't so Gene grabbed him real quick and started to choke him. ",
"Segal tapped and said that that wasn't fair he was talking and wasn't ready for Gene. ",
"So Uncle Gene waited for Sega to get \"ready\" and when he said that he was Gene grabbed him and started to choke him out and Segal coudln't do nothing w/the old guy. ",
"Well Gene was pissed off because Segal was being very rough for no reason on the stunt guys when doing the fight scenes w/them and was upset becuase Segal said he wasn't ready and woul;dn't admit that Gene hooked him so as Uncle Gene would oput it \"there is 2 ways to choke a person out, one way the ygo out nice and wake up ok, the other is they go out quick and they piss and crap on themselves\" Gene did the latter! ",
"Then he drug Segal over to a closet and put hi in there uncouncious. ",
"When he came to everybody was cracking up and he went and changed his clothes and fired Gene and his guys. ",
"Gene has not worked on another Segal Movie since.",
"\n\nThis is where \"video or did not happen\" should appear on your screen...\n\nWould be so much fun to watch though. ",
"I mean finally not from a Farrelly brothers film, but for real...\n\nCLICK & WATCH: I got BULLSHIDO ON TV!!!",
"\n\"Bruce Lee sucks because I slammed my nuts with nunchucks trying to do that stupid **** back in the day. ",
"I still managed to have two kids. ",
"I forgive you Bruce.\" - ",
"by Vorpal\n\nI first heard this story from one of my Hanmudo instructors, when one of the other students was getting a little too enthusiastic swinging from Seagal's testicles. ",
"The funny thing is the instructor that told the story is actually a huge fan of Seagal's movies and owns every straight to video piece of crap Seagull has ever made.",
"\n\nJudo Gene does not need video to support his claims.",
"\nThe Video needs Judo Gene!",
"\n\n:5bowtie:\nI'd actually considered the matter as proven if I'd read a quote from Gene saying it happened, from a verifiable source. ",
"Did he ever confirm it?",
"\n\nCLICK & WATCH: I got BULLSHIDO ON TV!!!",
"\n\"Bruce Lee sucks because I slammed my nuts with nunchucks trying to do that stupid **** back in the day. ",
"I still managed to have two kids. ",
"I forgive you Bruce.\" - ",
"by Vorpal\n\nBeing choked out by Gene Lebel would not mean that anyone is a *****. ",
"Gene Lebel is still one of the toughest around. ",
"He used to fight in no holds barred contests for whatever prize money they would put up and he would go home with the money most of the time. ",
"Maybe even all of the time. ",
"That old guy could still kick ass if he wanted to. ",
"As far as not working on a Seagal movie ever again, whose choice would that be?"
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"Critical Software\n\nCritical Software is an international information systems and software company, headquartered in Coimbra, Portugal. ",
"The company was established in 1998, from the University of Coimbra's business incubator and technology transfer centre, Instituto Pedro Nunes (IPN). ",
"The company's headquarters are located in Coimbra, Portugal, with other offices in Porto and Lisbon (Portugal), Southampton (United Kingdom), Munich, (Germany) and California, (United States).",
"\n\nCritical Software provides systems and software services for safety, mission and business-critical applications in several markets, including aerospace, defense, automotive, railway, telecoms, finance, and energy & utilities. ",
"Core competencies include system planning and analysis, system design and development, embedded and real-time systems, command & control systems, security and infrastructure, systems integration, business intelligence, independent software verification & validation, digital transformation and smart meter testing.",
"\n\nCritical Software's delivery unit was the first in Portugal to be rated at CMMI Maturity Level 5. ",
"The company is one of a few dozen organizations in the world which have both waterfall and agile software development units rated at Maturity Level 5.",
"\n\nCritical Group\nThe Critical Group comprises a series of technology companies, many of which were formed from ideas and solutions originally developed within Critical Software.",
"\n\n Critical Materials develops products that provide diagnostics and prognostics for critical structural systems. ",
" \n onCaring is a technology company addressing the needs of 20 million seniors living in long-term care across Europe, the United States, and Brazil.",
"\n Critical Links provides purpose-built solutions to simplify the delivery of digitised content to schools.",
"\n Coimbra Genomics is a company that develops solutions that aim to bridge the gap between genomic knowledge and medical practice.",
"\n Retmarker provides software solutions for the screening and progression monitoring of retinal diseases.",
"\n Critical Manufacturing provides automation and manufacturing software for high-tech industries. ",
"The company was acquired by ASMPT in 2018.",
"\n Watchful Software provided software solutions that kept sensitive information safe from disclosure or security breaches. ",
"Symantec acquired it in 2017.",
"\n Critical Ventures aims to partner with and invest in entrepreneurs developing innovative technologies with the potential to disrupt global markets.",
"\n\nExternal links\nOfficial site\nCritical Software S.A., BusinessWeek\nAchievements Small & Medium Sized Enterprises, European Space Agency\nCritical Software Shows Portugal Can Grow, Forbes\nCritical Software – Pioneers, Up Magazine\n\n \nCategory: Software companies of Portugal\nCategory: Portuguese brands"
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"CBG has special wholesale pricing, do not click in the product, order from us!",
"\n\nPayments automatically batch up at the end of the day making bank reconciliations a breeze.",
"\n\nIf you use QuickBooks Payments with Point of Sale you get these additional benefits:\n\nAbility to take Debit cards at a discounted rate\n\nSpecial discounts for purchasing Point of Sale software through CBG\n\nEMV compliance – dip the card for full protection\n\nPlease note: QuickBooks Point of Sale does not include E-Invoicing. ",
"You can add this ability by getting a second account for your financial software. ",
"For your clients that order “on account”, they can charge things through Point of Sale and pay later using financial software.",
"\n\nAre you ready to apply?",
"\n\nIf you are ready to apply, then you can fast track the process and complete our free online application.",
"\nNo contract, no termination fees!"
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" ACCEPTED\n 03-14-00355-CV\n 12133810\n THIRD COURT OF APPEALS\n 98 SAN JACINTO BLVD. ",
" ABU DHABI HOUSTON AUSTIN, TEXAS\n SUITE 1500 AUSTIN LONDON8/12/2016 8:53:05 AM\n AUSTIN, TEXAS BEIJING MOSCOW JEFFREY D. KYLE\n 78701-4078 BRUSSELS NEW YORK CLERK\n DALLAS PALO ALTO\n TEL +1 512.322.2500 DUBAI RIYADH\n FAX +1 512.322.2501 HONG KONG WASHINGTON\n BakerBotts.com\n FILED IN\n 3rd COURT OF APPEALS\nVIA CM/ECF AUSTIN, TEXAS\n 8/12/2016 8:53:05 AM\nAugust 12, 2016 JEFFREY D. KYLE\n Carlos R. Romo\n Clerk\n 512.322.2579\n FAX 512.322.3605\nJeffrey D. Kyle, Clerk carlos.romo@bakerbotts.com\nThird Court of Appeals\n209 W. 14th Street\nAustin, Texas 78701\n\n Re: Joanne Stone v. Texas Workforce Commission and Louisiana Department of\n Revenue; No. ",
"03-14-00355-CV, in the Third Court of Appeals of Texas\n\nDear Mr. Kyle:\n\n Pursuant to your correspondence dated August 11, 2016, counsel for Appellant Joanne\nStone will appear for oral argument in the referenced case on September 28, 2016 at 9:00 a.m.\n\n Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.",
"\n\n Sincerely,\n\n\n\n\n Carlos R. Romo\n\nCR/edr\n\f"
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"{-# LANGUAGE PolyKinds, DataKinds, TypeFamilies, KindSignatures, GADTs, TypeOperators\n #-}\n\nmodule T6035 where\n\nimport Data.",
"Kind (Type)\n\ndata Nat = Zero | Succ Nat\n\ntype family Sing (a :: k) :: k -> Type\n\ndata SNat n where\n SZero :: SNat Zero\n SSucc :: SNat n -> SNat (Succ n)\n\ndata SList (a :: [k]) where\n SNil :: SList '[]\n SCons :: Sing h h -> SList t -> SList (h ': t)\n\ntype instance Sing (a :: Nat) = SNat\ntype instance Sing (a :: [k]) = SList\n\nnil :: SList '[]\nnil = SNil\n\nzero :: SList '[ '[] ]\nzero = SCons SNil SNil\n\nterm :: SList '[ '[Zero], '[]]\nterm = SCons (SCons SZero SNil) (SCons SNil SNil)\n"
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"Grand compounder\n\nA Grand Compounder was a degree candidate at the University of Oxford who paid extra for their degree; £30 rather than £7 for a B.A., and £40 rather than £14 for an M.A. Undergraduates with a certain high level of income were required to do this; in 1817 this level was a benefice rated in the Kings Books at £40, or other income in excess of £300. ",
"The practice was abolished in 1857.",
"\n\nIn exchange for their money, at their graduation a grand compounder was able to process from his college to the convocation house (and back again!) ",
"with the Vice-Chancellor, wearing a scarlet gown. ",
"In earlier times a trumpeter walked in front blowing his instrument.",
"\n\nAt the University of Cambridge the income threshold for a compounder was £26 13s 4d.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:History of the University of Oxford\nCategory:History of the University of Cambridge"
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"The X3 Plus v5 is a gaming personal computer produced by Aorus. ",
"It runs on Windows 10 and has a 13.9 inches IPS LCD screen with a 3200 x 1800 resolution, an Intel Core i7-6700HQ at 2.6GHz procesor, and 16GB DDR4 RAM. ",
"It weighs 1.8 kg."
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"About\n\nGovernance\n\nGovernance is the system by which credit unions are directed and controlled.",
"\n\nThe governance structure specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in the credit union, such as the directors, supervisors, managers, members and other stakeholders, and spells out the rules and procedures for making decisions on credit union affairs.",
"\n\nBy doing this, it also provides:\n\nthe structure through which the credit union’s objectives are set, and\n\nthe means of attaining those objectives and monitoring performance\n\nGovernance Roles\n\nThe key stakeholders in the Credit Union are:\n\nMembers\n\nThe Board of Directors\n\nThe Board Oversight Committee\n\nThe Operational Function Committees\n\nManager and other employees\n\nVolunteers\n\nMembers\n\nIn addition to attending the Annual General Meeting of the credit union and fulfilling their obligations at that time, the governance role of the member is a year-round and ongoing obligation. ",
"The members’ responsibilities include:\n\nUsing the services of the credit union\n\nElecting the board of directors\n\nParticipating in the decisions affecting the future of the credit union\n\nServing on the board of directors\n\nServing on committees\n\nServing as volunteers\n\nStudying board reports; e.g. annual financial reports\n\nSupporting credit union education programmes\n\nKeeping informed and updated on the activities of the credit union\n\nEncouraging non-members to join the credit union\n\nThe Board of Directors\n\nMembers elected by members, the Board are volunteers and lead by having a clear sense of where St. Canice’s Credit Union is heading and guides the credit union towards its goals.",
"\n\nFor St. Canice’s Credit Union the Board of Directors sets and guides the overall direction of the credit union to ensure its success, as both a viable business, and a socially, environmentally and economically responsible financial co-operative that is aligned with the interests and values of its members, employees and external stakeholders.",
"\n\nThe Board Oversight Committee\n\nThe board oversight committee of a credit union shall hold and at least one meeting in every month, and meetings with the board of directors at least 4 times every year to facilitate it in carrying out their assessments. ",
"The board oversight committee keep minutes of every meeting held by it.",
"\n\nThe board oversight committee must submit, within 2 weeks of any meeting attended, a written report to the board of directors on their assessment of whether the board of directors has operated in accordance with any required regulations. ",
"They have access, at all times, to the books and documents (including draft documents) of the credit union to enable it to carry out its functions under the Credit Union Act, 1997 (as amended in 2012). ",
"They have the right to attend all meetings of the board of directors and all meetings of committees of the credit union and ensure at least one of its members attends every meeting of the board of directors.",
"\n\nThe board oversight committee may notify the Central Bank of Ireland of any concern it has, that the board of directors has not complied with any of their regulatory requirements, following a unanimous vote at a meeting of the committee called for the purpose of considering such a notification.",
"\n\nThe board oversight committee report to the members at the annual general meeting and, if it thinks fit, at a special general meeting, on whether the board of directors has operated in accordance with its regulatory requirements.",
"\n\nStatutory Duties\n\nStatutory duties are imposed by law, and the primary legislation for credit unions in the different jurisdictions is the Credit Union Act, 1997 (as amended in 2012).",
"\n\nOther statutory duties are imposed by, for example, employment law, insurance law, tax law, health and safety law, etc. ",
"Such duties are non-negotiable and penalties exist where they are breached. ",
"The fundamental duty imposed on the board of directors under the legislation is the duty to control, direct and manage the affairs, funds and records of the credit union. ",
"Directors are responsible for devising policies, ensuring management’s implementation of those policies and measuring performance in relation to the policies. ",
"Through this mechanism, directors may delegate authority but delegation of authority does not automatically relieve the directors of their primary responsibilities.",
"\n\nFiduciary Duties\n\nA fiduciary is anyone in a position of trust. ",
"Fiduciary duties require a director:\n\nto act honestly and in good faith,\n\nto avoid conflicts of interest, and\n\nto subordinate relevant personal interests to those of the credit union.",
"\n\nOther fiduciary duties include the duty to act prudently and diligently in all credit union matters.",
"\n\nCommunity Responsibility\n\nLike any other organisation, the credit union board of directors has a responsibility external to the credit union, to the communities in which it operates or in which its members live or work. ",
"This responsibility includes establishing standards that are compatible with the values and social beliefs of the people in those communities. ",
"It requires the credit union to ensure that its activities do not have a negative impact.",
"\n\nDirecting & Planning\n\nThe board of directors must set the direction of the credit union through the planning process. ",
"This involves:\n\nThe formation of a vision and mission statement\n\nDevelopment of a strategic/business plan\n\nDevelopment of objectives and policies in writing, from which detailed procedures can be documented\n\nEstablishing and approving operating policies and budgets\n\nFinancial Resources\n\nThe board of directors is responsible for the financial resources of the credit union. ",
"This includes:\n\nExamining the monthly accounts for key important areas, (e.g. income and expenditure, rescheduled loans, regular reviews of interest rates and dividend policy etc.)",
"\n\nMonitoring operations for soundness and stability. ",
"This is done through analysing the critical financial areas of capital, liquidity, growth and productivity.",
"\n\nManagement Responsibilities\n\nOrganising the Board, this includes:\n\nElecting directors to fill the posts of chairman, vice-chairman, Secretary\n\nEstablishing committees to carry out operational work in line with board policy\n\nEvaluating the performance of the board, directors, chairman, vice-chair and Secretary\n\nMaintaining board discipline\n\nOrienting new board members\n\nEstablishing director training and development plans\n\nElection\n\nMembers are invited to participate in three ways:\n\nTo serve as non-director members of Committees\n\nTo run as a candidates in the election; and\n\nTo vote for candidates who will represent the membership as a Board Member.",
"\n\nMember involvement in the election is critical in maintaining St. Canice’s Credit Union success, the values on which the credit union is founded, and the innovative strategies that enable St. Canice’s Credit Union to serve its members, communities and beyond.",
"\n\nThe Annual General Meeting\n\nThe Annual General Meeting (also known as the AGM) is a legally required, public meeting that takes place every year usually in December but this is not a definitive date. ",
"The Board and Chief Executive Officer present the Annual Report, any Ordinary and Special Resolutions, and a brief overview on St. Canice’s Credit Union performance and strategy.",
"\n\nAnnual Reporting to Members\n\nIn keeping with the principles of good governance, the Board regularly reports on the performance of the credit union. ",
"It recognises that transparency helps to foster trust with members and demonstrates sound accountability practices.",
"\n\nOur current auditors are PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). ",
"St. Canice’s Kilkenny Credit Union Ltd. is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland.",
"\n\nCredit Union Handbook\n\nIn order to assist credit unions in the implementation of the strengthened regulatory framework the Central Bank has developed a Credit Union Handbook (“the Handbook”). ",
"The purpose of the Handbook is to assist credit unions by bringing together in one place a number of legal and regulatory requirements and guidance that apply to credit unions, arising from their authorisation as credit unions."
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"Send this page to someone via email\n\nWhen it comes to Halloween haunted houses, it doesn’t get much bigger than the Panamount Panic in the northwest Calgary community of Panorama Hills.",
"\n\nBut after years of providing a spooky spot, come this Hallows Eve, it will be a ghost town.",
"\n\nSomeone complained to the City of Calgary that the haunted house structure outside the home is obstructing the view in the intersection on the corner, causing a blind spot.",
"\n\nREAD MORE: Researchers test scary sounds at Deadmonton haunted house\n\nCity inspectors put a stop to the annual Halloween staple on Panamount Street on Monday.",
"\n\n“We’ve been doing this for a few years. ",
"We haven’t had any issues,” Quinn Motteram said. ",
"Tweet This\n\nStory continues below advertisement\n\nCreator Quinn already spent 75 hours to start getting it ready for Halloween. ",
"Now he has one week to shut it down completely or move parts of it to the backyard.",
"\n\n“It sucks because it’s a big event for all the kids. ",
"There’s lots of schools around here and we get about 600, 700, 800 kids coming through and we’ve already had tons of people stop in and say how excited they are.",
"\n\n“A few people have left notes, commenting about how upset they are.” ",
"Tweet This\n\nPeople left notes on the structure that said: “Thank you for your community spirit.” ",
"There was also a petition on the front with more than 100 signatures Wednesday, in hopes of saving the haunted house.",
"\n\nWatch below (Oct. 31, 2018): A century-old home in Drumheller has been the backdrop to a handful of ghost hunts. ",
"Paranormal teams believe they have captured evidence of spirits living there. ",
"Jill Croteau reports.",
"\n\n2:59 Paranormal investigators tour haunted house in Drumheller Paranormal investigators tour haunted house in Drumheller\n\nThe Motteram family has been putting up the haunted house for a few years to spook the neighbourhood.",
"\n\nStory continues below advertisement\n\n“The reactions you get to see are super cool, that’s what makes it fun, makes us want to keep doing it,” Quinn said. “",
"The inside is all black and strobe lights and red lights and all decorated up with people inside scaring.”",
"\n\nMost recently, they also started to collect donations for the food bank after the passing of Ron Motteram’s father, who used to volunteer at the Calgary Food Bank.",
"\n\n“It means a lot to me because my dad passed Oct. 3, and he was always out here with Quinn being very proud. ",
"But with the kids here it’s — you don’t get a lot of community spirit anymore,” Ron said. ",
"Tweet This\n\nThe city’s planning and development department said a structure like the Motteram haunted house requires a permit before it goes up.",
"\n\nIn a statement to Global News, Cliff de Jong, customer issues and strategy manager for the City of Calgary, said: “We’re not anti-fun, but we need to ensure that safety considerations are not compromised.",
"\n\n“As the structure exists today, we have some placement and safety concerns. ",
"For any homeowners planning something extra special for Halloween, please call us in advance at 311 and we can help you plan something that is legal, safe and fun for everyone,” de Jong wrote.",
"\n\nREAD MORE: Paranormal investigators tour haunted house in Drumheller\n\nStory continues below advertisement\n\nRon Motteram wishes the person that complained addresses it with him directly to potentially make adjustments before the city shut it down completely.",
"\n\n“Stop by and talk to us, maybe we could have trimmed a foot or two off the corner and make you happy,” Ron said.",
"\n\n“I understand it, but really, technically, it doesn’t. ",
"If I took this down and then parked my truck or my utility trailer on my driveway… it will create the same blind spot.”",
"\n\nLast year, Mary Elliott’s kids waited for 45 minutes to get in. ",
"Elliott’s sad to see it packed up before the fun even begins.",
"\n\n“My four-year-old is already saying, ‘Can I go in the haunted house this year?’ ",
"So to have to say to her it might not go this year, so that won’t happen,” Elliott said.",
"\n\n“What a huge disappointment. ",
"Tweet This\n\n“I mean, our kids, the last couple of years, have just loved the idea of coming here for a haunted house.”"
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"Q:\n\nSuppose $(a+bi) (c+di)(e+di) = 3+8i$ where $a,b,c,d,e,f$ are real number find the value $(a^2+b^2)(c^2+d^2)(e^2+f^2)$\n\n[Suppose $(a+bi)(c+di)(e+di) = 3+8i$ where $a,b,c,d,e,f$ are real number find the value $(a^2+b^2)(c^2+d^2)(e^2+f^2)$\n\nA:\n\nNote that $$(a-bi)(c-di)(e-fi) = 3-8i$$\nand also that $$a^2+b^2 = (a-bi)(a+bi)$$\nHence $$(a-bi)(c-di)(e-fi) \\cdot (a+bi)(c+di)(e+fi) = (3-8i) \\cdot (3+8i)$$\n$$\\implies (a^2+b^2)(c^2+d^2)(e^2+f^2) = (3-8i)(3+8i)$$\n\n"
] | {
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[
"You don't have to register to use it for Seti unless you wish to keep track of your totals.",
"\nJust select 'I support University of California - SETI@home' to send a penny per search to the Seti project.",
"\nIf you do not register, just keep an eye on it once in a while to make sure your selection cookie has not expired.",
"\n\nI am at $8.40...that's 840 searches that I would have made anyway using Alta Vista or Google. ",
"But making them with Goodsearch brings pennies from heaven...well, maybe not heaven.",
"A kitty keeps loneliness away.",
"\nMore meowing, less hissing. ",
"I speak meow, do you?",
"\n\nFolks, you have been forgetting to use Goodsearch, I think. ",
"It's been moving rather slowly these days.",
"\nBut, the kitties are happy to announce that we are just a few pennies shy of reaching......ta daa........\n$1,700.00 for Seti using the simple clicks of Goodsearch.",
"\n\nPlease use this site honestly. ",
"Fraudulent searches will result in a charity being de-listed.",
"\n1. ",
"Estimated results. ",
"Fifty percent of the revenue generated from GoodSearch is shared with your cause. ",
"Payments are based on qualifying searches and have ranged from $0.01 to $0.013 per search from 2005 through 2011.",
"\n2. ",
"GoodShop data is posted weekly. ",
"Data may be delayed as merchants can take up to six weeks to report sales. ",
"You may also notice a change in the totals due to returned merchandise.",
"\n3. ",
"Historical data is reconciled hourly so this number might not match total amount raised.",
"\n\nThe question was raised about the amount we have actually raised for Seti using Goodsearch.",
"\n\nIn particular was brought up the following part of the Goodsearch terms.....\n\"Fifty percent of the revenue generated from GoodSearch is shared with your cause.\"",
"\n\nI have good news.",
"\n\nI emailed Goodsearch asking for clarification on this issue and got the following response this afternoon.",
"\n\"Thanks for your email. ",
"The \"amount raised\" on the goodsearch site is the amount you will receive.\"",
"\n\nSooooo, the figures I have been using are indeed correct. ",
"Whatever Goodsearch takes off the top is before the amount shown on their site, and at the time of this writing, we have raised $1,834.95 for Seti using Goodsearch.",
"\n\nKeep on Goodsearching.",
"\n\nMeow!",
"\n\nA kitty keeps loneliness away.",
"\nMore meowing, less hissing. ",
"I speak meow, do you?"
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[
"Environment\n\nPhysics is vital to understanding everything from the Earth's core to the very top of the atmosphere.",
"\n\nWhether you want to be a storm chaser, investigate volcanoes for a living, develop new renewable energy technology, study how climate change is affecting the penguin populations or keep tabs on the size of the Sahara Desert - studying physics is the route to huge range of exciting careers in environmental science."
] | {
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[
"USAR: USAR's Satterfield supports Petty charity\n\nFayetteville, GA (November 11, 2002) --\nUnited Speed Alliance Racing veteran Don Satterfield has begun a\ngrassroots campaign among the members of the Hooters ProCup Series to\nhelp Kyle and Pattie Petty with efforts to raise funds to help ...\n\nFayetteville, GA (November 11, 2002) --\nUnited Speed Alliance Racing veteran Don Satterfield has begun a\ngrassroots campaign among the members of the Hooters ProCup Series to\nhelp Kyle and Pattie Petty with efforts to raise funds to help build\nVictory Junction Camp.",
"\n\nLocated in Randleman, NC, The Victory Junction Gang Camp is scheduled to\nopen in 2004 and will be modeled after the original Hole-in-the-Wall Camp\nthat actor Paul Newman built in Connecticut for children with chronic or\nlife-threatening illnesses. ",
"The Victory Junction Camp was co-founded by\nNASCAR racer Kyle Petty and his wife, Pattie; with its land donated by\nNASCAR legend Richard Petty and his wife Lynda.",
"\n\n\"I met Kyle back in the early 1980s when he just\nstarted racing,\" said Satterfield. \"",
"When I heard his former\ncar owner, Felix Sabates, say 'if everyone could just give one\ndollar they could easily raise the money to build this camp', I\nfelt why not go to all the competitors in the Series and ask them to help\nany way possible. ",
"I just want to do my part to help children -- that\nis all I care about, helping kids.\"",
"\n\nOne car owner has jump-started the contributions that will\nassist the efforts to build the facility. ",
"USAR Hooters ProCup Series\ncompetitors have already raised over $2,600 with car owner Ricky Benton\ndonating $2,000 from his pole award winnings over the past two\nChampionship Series events. ",
"Jason Sarvis, driver of the Naturally\nFresh/Black's Tire Service Chevrolet, has won two consecutive\nBuffalo Nickel Buffalo Burger Pole Awards and Benton has made the\ndecision to donate both checks to Satterfield's fundraising\nefforts.",
"\n\n\"I can't thank Ricky Benton and his entire team\nenough for their support,\" added Satterfield. \"",
"I want to\npersonally thank Ricky for his generous donation and I hope this is\nmotivation for other teams to do what they can to help Kyle and Pattie\nraise money for these special children. ",
"I hope we can use this donation\nto increase awareness for the rest of the members of USAR.\"",
"\n\nUSAR Chaplain Jim Evans has assisted Satterfield in his\nefforts and will accompany Satterfield to present the donations to Kyle\nand Pattie after the Series concludes its season on November 30 at USA\nInternational Speedway in Lakeland, FL. ",
"For Satterfield, finishing the\nseason is not the priority for him later this month.",
"\n\n\"I know I am not going to win the championship, but I\ncertainly hope my fellow competitors will find a way to help us. ",
"Even if\nit is just one dollar at a time,\" Satterfield said. \"",
"If we\ncan make one child and his family happy at this camp then it has been\nworth it all.\""
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[
"Surveillance of surgical site infections at a tertiary care hospital in Greece: incidence, risk factors, microbiology, and impact.",
"\nIn this first attempt to implement a standardized surveillance system of surgical site infections (SSI) in a Greek hospital, our objective was to identify areas for improvement by comparing main epidemiologic and microbiologic features of SSI with international data. ",
"The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system protocols were employed to prospectively collect data for patients in 8 surgical wards who underwent surgery during a 9-month period. ",
"SSI rates were benchmarked with international data using standardized infection ratios. ",
"Risk factors were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. ",
"A total of 129 SSI was identified in 2420 operations (5.3%), of which 47.3% developed after discharge. ",
"SSI rates were higher for 2 of 20 operation categories compared with Spanish and Italian data and for 12 of 20 categories compared with NNIS data. ",
"Gram-positive microorganisms accounted for 52.1% of SSI isolates, and Enterococci were predominant. ",
"Alarming resistance patterns for Enterococcus faecium and Acinetobacter baumannii were recorded. ",
"Potentially modifiable risk factors for SSI included multiple procedures, extended duration of operation, and antibiotic prophylaxis. ",
"SSI was associated with prolongation of postoperative stay but not with mortality. ",
"Comparisons of surveillance data in our hospital with international benchmarks provided useful information for infection control interventions to reduce the incidence of SSI."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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"Stratics Veteran\n\nWhen a searing weapon is ignited it becomes extremely hot, inflicting damage on the wielder with each swing. ",
"There is a chance that when the weapon hits,the heat may immediately cauterize the wound and inflict the following effects.",
"\n\nReducing direct healing for a short time.",
"\n\nTrapping heat inside the wound so that it continues to burn and damage.",
"\n\nStratics is the oldest continually running MMORPG Fansite on the Internet. ",
"Founded in 1997 Stratics has served the Ultima Online Community for 18 years. ",
"We strive to provide the most complete social experience for Ultima Online players."
] | {
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[
"Monday, June 7, 2010\n\nIn last weeks contest, I asked players to submit a EU Warhammer Online blog or fansite for a chance at winning a new mount. ",
"The response was very good and I have quite a few links to share. ",
"There are far too many to put in a single post, so I'll have to break it up a bit. ",
"Continue on for the first WAR in Europe.",
"\n\nYitu is a long time WAR blogger. ",
"Videos, news, diaries and even some talk about some other games. ",
"The blog is in German, but with Translate it is enjoyable for us non-German speakers. ",
"In his latest post, he mentions a WAR mount giveaway (for EU players). ",
"Be sure to visit him at http://ao-lai.blog.de/ (Translated)\n\nRudepox has setup a Black Orc WAR blog. ",
"In addition to Black Orc guides, he covers WAR news in general. ",
"It is all in English, so no need to translate. ",
"Visit him at http://rudepox.posterous.com/\n\nNorrsken is a Swedish (I think) fansite and forums. ",
"Most of the news posts are in English, but the forum posts themselves are mostly in Swedish. ",
"If you speak the language and like to talk about WAR, you should stop by and check them out. ",
"http://norrsken.fetstryk.nu/index.php\n\nThe Dragon Knights guild from the Karak-Norn server host a website which includes plenty of new and forums for its members. ",
"They are from Hungary, but Google Translate does a great job with their site. ",
"http://sarkanylovagrend.blog.hu/ (Translate)\n\nBlurring Shock really needs no introduction. ",
"If you have been reading my posts, I often link to him as he has done an excellent job looking at WAR stats. ",
"He plays on Karak-Norn and his site is in English. ",
"You can find him at http://blurringshock.blogspot.com.",
"\n\nNext week I will have 5 more EU sites you should visit. ",
"There is quite a community over there, so this will take a few weeks to complete."
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[
"When hair of the dog is out of the question to cure a hangover, try our Hangover Tea. ",
"Blended to give you the perfect caffeine-free pick-me-up, its savory spice includes tomatoes with ginger, cloves, and pepper to improve mental clarity and mood.",
"\n\nTomatoes and spices contain antioxidants that can help reduce inflammation and swelling\n\nPrice: $8.95\n\nStock Status:(Out of Stock)\n\nSize*:\n\nTea Storage (Optional):\n\nAdd 1 Lb Tea Storage ($5.95)\nNo Tin\n\nOut of Stock.",
"\n\nDescription\n\nIt’s true that tomato can help relieve a hangover. ",
"That’s why we blend it into our Hangover Tea. ",
"We have also blended in hibiscus and beetroot for a burst of antioxidants and as vitamin C. Add to this a selection of the potent restoratives ginger, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and black and white pepper, and you’ll enjoy a savory tea with a spicy kick and flavor you can’t resist. ",
"A great eye-opener that helps reduce puffiness and fortifies you for the day ahead. ",
"A great refresher any time of day, our Hangover Tea can help focus your attention and balance your mood even when you’re not “under the weather.”"
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[
"Beginning of a dialog window, including tabbed navigation to register an account or sign in to an existing account. ",
"Both registration and sign in support using google and facebook accounts. ",
"Escape will close this window.",
"\n\nReviews\n\nGreat pattern, perfect for toddlers and has optional button straps for those who can't stand to listen to the buckles as they tumble in the dryer! ",
"Easy directions, quick shipment. ",
"Just perfect. ",
"Thank you.",
"\n\nWe take intellectual property concerns very seriously, but many of these problems can be resolved directly by the parties involved. ",
"We suggest contacting the seller directly to respectfully share your concerns."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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[
"Excited-state localization and energy transfer in pyrene core dendrimers with fluorene/carbazole as the dendrons and acetylene as the linkages.",
"\nA multi-leveled theoretical investigation combining TD-DFT (B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP) methods and a semi-empirical method was conducted to determine the structure-related spectral properties of T-series dendrimers composed of nearly hundreds of atoms, based on a proposed molecular model. ",
"Both one- and two-photon absorption spectra of the dendrimer molecules were well reproduced. ",
"The \"antenna effect\" in the dendrimers molecule was theoretically studied. ",
"The process of excitation energy localization from chromophores in the branches to the pyrene core before the fluorescence emission was visualized using contours of the charge different density (CDD) between the electronic states. ",
"Conclusions based on the theoretical model were drawn about the observed photophysical properties of T-series dendrimers as follows: (a) increasing the generation of a branch would enhance the absorption of photons with a wavelength below 430 nm; (b) enlarging the conjugation of branches would enhance the coupling among the chromophores and would lower the excitation energy;"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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[
"Introduction {#Sec1}\n============\n\n*Streptococcus dysgalactiae* is a pyogenic species pathogenic both for humans and animals. ",
"Until recently, it has been considered an exclusive animal pathogen causing infections in wild animals, livestock, and pets. ",
"Currently, human infections are being reported with increasing frequency. ",
"Their clinical picture is often similar to the ones caused by group A streptococcus (*Streptococcus pyogenes*) \\[[@CR3]\\].",
"\n\n*S. dysgalactiae* proved to be a heterogeneous species, what encouraged researchers to divide it into two subspecies: *S. dysgalactiae* subsp. *",
"equisimilis* (SDSE) and *S. dysgalactiae* subsp. *",
"dysgalactiae* (SDSD). ",
"The first differentiation criterion was proposed in 1996 by Vandamme et al. ",
"\\[[@CR22]\\], second criteria---only 2 years later---in 1998 by Vieira et al. ",
"\\[[@CR23]\\] which are being applied up to the present. ",
"Over the years, controversies arose over this classification, showing that the streptococci taxonomy has not been completed yet and generally used *S. dysgalactiae* subspecies division causes more questions than solutions. ",
"In some research reports, subspecies names are used instead of species (i.e., *S. equisimilis*), which causes unnecessary confusion in diagnostics \\[[@CR4], [@CR19]\\].",
"\n\nThe presented study provides a new view on *S. dysgalactiae* identification, subspecies differentiation criteria and similarities between strains isolated from human and animal clinical materials.",
"\n\nMaterials and Methods {#Sec2}\n=====================\n\nBacterial Strains {#Sec3}\n-----------------\n\n30 human *S. dysgalactiae* isolates from clinical cases (mainly wounds, abscesses, bedsores, noses, ears, throats) were obtained from Synevo Medical Laboratory in Łódź, Poland.",
"\n\n6 animal *S. dysgalactiae* isolates from clinical cases in pets (dogs---from wounds, abscesses, birth canal) were obtained from VETCOMPLEX Veterinary Diagnostic Centre in Łódź, Poland.",
"\n\nPhenotypic Bacterial Identification According to Vieira et al. ",
"\\[[@CR23]\\] {#Sec4}\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nHemolysis type was evaluated as well as Lancefield group. ",
"The type of hemolysis was observed after a 24-h incubation at 37 °C (aerobic atmosphere) on agar plates containing 5 % defibrinated sheep blood. ",
"The type of surface C-polysaccharide, classifying analyzed strains to serological groups according to Lancefield, was evaluated using latex agglutination tests with Prolex Streptococcal Grouping Latex Kit.",
"\n\nBacterial Identification Based on Cell Proteins Structure and DNA Sequences {#Sec5}\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nMALDI-TOF technique (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight) \\[[@CR5]\\] which compares cell proteins specters with database (bioMérieux VITEK^®^ MS) was employed to identify the analyzed clinical strains.",
"\n\nAll bacterial strains were also identified by means of RISA (16S--23S rDNA intergenic spacer region) method. ",
"PCR reactions were conducted using *S. dysgalactiae* species-specific primers (Fwd 5′-TGGAACACGTTAGGGTCG-3′, Rev 5′-CTTAACTAGAAAAACTCTTGATTATTC-3′) \\[[@CR9]\\] and SDSE subspecies-specific primers (Fwd 5′-GGTACTGTTGAGGGGACGAA-3′, Rev 5′-CGATTGAGGAGTCACGTTCA-3′) \\[[@CR16]\\].",
"\n\nGenetic identification of the selected strains was also confirmed by means of amplification of 16S rRNA coding genes from the selected strains, using primers described in the paper (8F 5′-GAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′, 1942R 5′-TACGGCTACCTTGTTACGACT-3′) \\[[@CR21]\\]. ",
"Afterward, amplified DNA fragments were sequenced and compared with Genbank database. ",
"The obtained sequences were published in Genbank.",
"\n\nAntimicrobial Susceptibility {#Sec6}\n----------------------------\n\nThe antibiotic susceptibility tests of the analyzed strains were performed by means of disk diffusion method according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) \\[[@CR6]\\] and Polish National Reference Centre for Antibiotics (KORLD) \\[[@CR26]\\] guidelines. ",
"Susceptibility to 10 antibiotics, representative of the main antibiotic classes and recommended for streptococcal infections treatment, were determined: penicillin (10 U), erythromycin (15 µg), clindamycin (2 µg), ofloxacin (5 µg), levofloxacin (5 µg), vancomycin (30 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), tigecycline (15 µg), linezolid (30 µg), and cefotaxime (30 µg). ",
"The results were interpreted according to CLSI recommendations \\[[@CR6]\\].",
"\n\nResults {#Sec7}\n=======\n\nOur findings refer to the strains collected over the period of 2014 in the area of Łódź. ",
"They were more frequently isolated from purulent infections in humans than in animals.",
"\n\nThe analyzed *S. dysgalactiae* strains were assigned to subspecies according to the criteria proposed by Vandamme et al., ",
"Vieira et al., ",
"as well as to the results of MALDI-TOF method and genetic studies (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"The classification by Vandamme et al. ",
"was based on strain isolation sources. ",
"30 human isolates were classified as SDSE, whereas 6 animal isolates were classified as SDSD subspecies.",
"Table 1The comparison of *S. dysgalactiae* subspecies identification results according to various criteriaGroups of strainsHemolysis typeLancefield groupSubspecies according to Vandamme et al. ",
"\\[[@CR22]\\]Subspecies according to Vieira et al. ",
"\\[[@CR23]\\]Subspecies according to MALDI-TOF and genetic criteriaHuman *S. dysgalactiae* isolates SV106, SV260, SV376, **SV430**, **SV468**, SV469, SV515, SV543, SV598, SV650, SV668βCSDSESDSESDSE **SV159**, SV296, SV464, SV475, SV540, SV588, SV634, SV652, SV662, **SV773**βGSDSESDSESDSE SV204, SV252, **SV279**, SV282, SV301αCSDSESDSDSDSE SV202, SV213, SV387, **SV631**αGSDSE-----SDSEAnimal *S. dysgalactiae* isolates **Z2**βCSDSDSDSESDSE K1, K2, K3, Z6βGSDSDSDSESDSE Z1αGSDSD-----SDSE\n\nSubspecies identification according to Vieira et al. ",
"was based on phenotypic characteristics: hemolysis type and Lancefield group. ",
"Among 30 human *S. dysgalactiae* isolates, nine (30 %) demonstrated α-type hemolysis, whereas 21 (70 %) demonstrated β-type hemolysis on blood agar. ",
"Among animal isolates, one (17 %) showed α-type hemolysis, whereas other five (83 %) showed β-type hemolysis on blood agar. ",
"Both human and animal isolates were classified to Lancefield groups C or G. 16 (53 %) human isolates belonged to group C, 14 (47 %) to group G. Among animal isolates, 1 (17 %) was classified to group C, whereas other 5 (83 %) to Lancefield group G. According to subspecies division criteria proposed by Vieira et al., ",
"among human isolates, 21 (70 %) might be classified to SDSE, 5 (17 %) to SDSD, but 4 isolates (13 %) did not match the criteria for neither of the subspecies. ",
"5 (83 %) animal isolates might be classified to SDSE, whereas 1 (17 %) did not match the criteria for neither of the subspecies according to Vieira et al.",
"\n\nAll analyzed strains were unequivocally identified as SDSE by means of MALDI-TOF technique and RISA genetic method. ",
"Additionally, sequencing of the genes coding for 16S rRNA, isolated from seven strains exhibiting various phenotypic characteristics (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}, bolded strains) confirmed their phylogenetic affiliation to SDSE subspecies. ",
"All obtained sequences showed over 99 % similarity to SDSE sequences previously deposited in Genbank. ",
"Sequences of genes coding for 16S rRNA obtained from six human isolates were also deposited in Genbank under accession numbers KR092084, KR559932, KR559933, KR559934, KR559935, and KR559936, whereas one from animal strain isolated from a dog was deposited in KT232322.",
"\n\nAntimicrobial Susceptibility {#Sec8}\n----------------------------\n\nAntibiotic susceptibility profiles of human and animal isolates were roughly similar. ",
"The analyzed strains were generally susceptible to β-lactams; however, two human isolates were resistant to penicillin while one animal isolate was resistant to cefotaxime. ",
"Moreover, a substantial number of them were resistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin. ",
"Three strains showed induced-type MLS~B~ multiresistance (one animal and two human isolates). ",
"Among the strains isolated from humans, three were resistant both to vancomycin and linezolid, whereas other three were resistant to tigecycline. ",
"Detailed antimicrobial susceptibility results are presented in Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}.Table 2Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of human and animal SDSE isolatesAntibioticPenicillin (%)Erythromycin (%)Clindamycin (%)Ofloxacin (%)Levofloxacin (%)Vancomycin (%)Tetracycline (%)Tigecycline (%)Linezolid (%)Cefotaxime (%)Human SDSE isolates (*N* = 30) Susceptible28 (93 )17 (57 )18 (60 )27 (90 )29 (97 )27 (90 )11 (37 )27 (90 )27 (90 )30 (100 ) Intermediate0 (0 )3 (10 )1 (3 )3 (10 )0 (0 )0 (0 )5 (16 )0 (0 )0 (0 )0 (0 ) Resistant2 (7 )10 (33 )11 (37 )0 (0 )1 (3 )3 (10 )14 (47 )3 (10 )3 (10 )0 (0 )Animal SDSE isolates (*N* = 6) Susceptible6 (100 )4 (67 )4 (67 )5 (83 )6 (100 )6 (100 )2 (33 )6 (100 )6 (100 )5 (83 ) Intermediate0 (0 )0 (0 )0 (0 )0 (0 )0 (0 )0 (0 )3 (50 )0 (0 )0 (0 )0 (0 ) Resistant0 (0 )2 (33 )2 (33 )1 (17 )0 (0 )0 (0 )1 (17 )0 (0 )0 (0 )1 (17 )\n\nDiscussion {#Sec9}\n==========\n\nThe first attempt to delineate the division criteria between *S. dysgalactiae* subspecies were undertaken by Vandamme et al. ",
"\\[[@CR22]\\] in 1996. ",
"They were based on strain isolation source. ",
"According to this criterion, Lancefield C or G human isolates were classified to SDSE, whereas all strains isolated from animals were classified to SDSD. ",
"This classification reflected neither phenotypic nor genetic diversity of *S. dysgalactiae* species. ",
"Only 2 years later, in 1998, the division criteria were updated by Vieira et al. ",
"\\[[@CR23]\\]. ",
"According to them, β-hemolytic Lancefield group C, G, or L strains were classified to SDSE, whereas nonhemolytic or α-hemolytic Lancefield group C strains were classified to SDSD. ",
"The latter division criteria have been used up to the present. ",
"However, many exceptions to these rules appear in literature, e.g., SDSE strains with Lancefield group A surface antigens \\[[@CR2], [@CR20]\\]. ",
"Moreover, not every SDSE strain is β-hemolytic on sheep blood agar \\[[@CR7]\\]. ",
"Because of these ambiguities, some researchers continue to take into account the source of isolation as a division criterion. ",
"Therefore, animal infections are being assigned to SDSD strains, whereas human infections are being assigned to SDSE. ",
"Despite the fact that the etiological factor of the majority of human infections reported in literature is SDSE \\[[@CR17], [@CR21]\\] and of animal infections---SDSD \\[[@CR1], [@CR10], [@CR18]\\], some cases contradicting this rule were reported, e.g., human infections caused by SDSD \\[[@CR14]\\] and animal infections caused by SDSE \\[[@CR15]\\].",
"\n\nThe results of identification of the group of 36 isolates presented in this study question the subspecies division criteria described both by Vandamme et al. ",
"\\[[@CR22]\\] and by Vieira et al. ",
"\\[[@CR23]\\].",
"\n\nThe conducted research suggests that the *S. dysgalactiae* hemolysis type on blood agar should not be longer considered a criterion in subspecies differentiation, at least in analyzed group of strains. ",
"Despite the fact that classification to Lancefield groups (C or G) confirms the SDSE characterization described by Vieira et al. ",
"\\[[@CR23]\\], it is not an explicit and sufficient criterion. ",
"The same C-polysaccharide type (Lancefield group C) is also described as a feature of SDSD strains.",
"\n\nThe presented results demonstrate that *S. dysgalactiae* strains isolated from clinical cases in animals might be identified as SDSE by means of currently available methods and their identification according to previously described criteria seems to be questionable.",
"\n\nCurrently used *S. dysgalactiae* subspecies division criteria, described by Vieira et al., ",
"were established in the 1990s, so nearly 20 years ago. ",
"Therefore, currently available techniques allowing to analyze the relationship between strains much more precisely should be introduced. ",
"There is a possibility that in described period such changes in strains within *S. dysgalactiae* species occurred which obscure the differences between subspecies noted previously. ",
"Such a phenomenon is particularly apparent in bacteria which cross the animal-to-human interspecies barrier. ",
"The outline of evolutionary changes during this process was presented in 2007 in *Nature* by Wolfe et al. ",
"\\[[@CR25]\\]. ",
"An adaptation to a new host is divided into several stages which sometimes might last unexpectedly short. ",
"One of the elements of this process, which has been already proven for other streptococci species \\[[@CR12]\\], is horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from related species already adapted to human host. ",
"Horizontal gene transfer between *S. pyogenes* and *S. dysgalactiae* \\[[@CR8], [@CR13]\\] has already been recorded. ",
"It might lead to the emergence of a new, dangerous pathogen for human with the ability to be transferred via companion animals. ",
"We believe that presented results from relatively small group of strains should initiate the discussion about subspecies division criteria re-evaluation.",
"\n\nAntimicrobial susceptibility profiles of human and animal SDSE isolates presented in this study show that multiresistant strains emerge among human isolates. ",
"Some of them are also resistant to relatively new antibiotics which additionally enhance the threat.",
"\n\nDue to an increasing genetic variability and phenotypic variability of *S. dysgalactiae* strains isolated both from humans and animals as a result, the division into subspecies established many years ago seems to be questionable, especially when the division criteria are so underspecified. ",
"At this moment also, reflections about pan-genome and the general problem of bacterial species definition \\[[@CR11]\\] might be taken into consideration. ",
"Although, if the division into two subspecies remains, which in the light of the presented data might be clinically negligible, the division into subspecies should base also on genetic analyses by means of DNA sequences unique for the subspecies (DNA fingerprint), including RISA method presented in this study as well as 16S rRNA genes sequencing. ",
"The latter method is also the basis for a phylogenetic relationship tree published in the latest issue of Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology \\[[@CR24]\\].",
"\n\nThis study was funded by Medical University of Łódź (Grant No 502-03/3-012-03/502-34-051).",
"\n\nConflicts of interest {#FPar1}\n=====================\n\nNone.",
"\n"
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[
"This proposed project is a community based multi-risk factor intervention to improve birth outcome in a geographically defined area of Baltimore. ",
"The initiative for this study has come from the Baltimore City Health Department, and DPR has agreed to provide technical assistance, specifically regarding the design of the intervention and the evaluation of the impact of the intervention upon the target population. ",
"Outcome measures to determine the impact of this project include the rate of low birth weight and mean birth weight, as well as change in health habits, especially smoking, drinking and drug abuse, compliance with prenatal care as well as knowledge and attitudes about appropriate health behaviors during pregnancy. ",
"The timetable for the initiation of this project has been shifted since the City Health Department has not been able to secure all the funding from various non-governmental sources as well as some delays in completing the design and protocol for this project. ",
"It is now anticipated that this project will be started in September of 1990."
] | {
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[
"Q:\n\nphilosophy's test\n\nI want to say that I have a philosophy test today:\nきょうは哲学のテストにする\nis that OK?",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou can write:\n今日は哲学のテストがあります。",
"\n\nA:\n\nAssuming you are a student, I would use the very 受{う}ける or if it is formal 受験{じゅけん} \n\nきょうは哲学のテストを受ける。",
"\n\nA:\n\nIf you are a student of a school, 哲学の「テスト」が「ある」 is used commonly when the test will be done there, but 哲学の「試験」を「受ける」 is used to get something like a certification or an entrance permit.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Zinc: Pumpkin seeds\n\nZinc: Pumpkin seeds\n\nChicago Tribune\n\nHow eating it helps: Studies have identified zinc as an important factor in decreasing depressive symptoms, as the vitamin can improve the response of antidepressants while reducing the side effects of antidepressant medication. ",
"A lack of zinc can trigger depressive behaviors, so load up on zinc-rich foods to balance your mood. ",
"RDA: 11 mg per day for men; 8 mg per day for womenRoasted pumpkin seeds (1 cup): 9.5 mg\n\nHow eating it helps: Studies have identified zinc as an important factor in decreasing depressive symptoms, as the vitamin can improve the response of antidepressants while reducing the side effects of antidepressant medication. ",
"A lack of zinc can trigger depressive behaviors, so load up on zinc-rich foods to balance your mood. ",
"RDA: 11 mg per day for men; 8 mg per day for womenRoasted pumpkin seeds (1 cup): 9.5 mg (Chicago Tribune)\n\nHow eating it helps: Studies have identified zinc as an important factor in decreasing depressive symptoms, as the vitamin can improve the response of antidepressants while reducing the side effects of antidepressant medication. ",
"A lack of zinc can trigger depressive behaviors, so load up on zinc-rich foods to balance your mood. ",
"RDA: 11 mg per day for men; 8 mg per day for womenRoasted pumpkin seeds (1 cup): 9.5 mg"
] | {
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[
"<?",
"php\n/*\n * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\"); you may not\n * use this file except in compliance with the License. ",
"You may obtain a copy of\n * the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT\n * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. ",
"See the\n * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under\n * the License.",
"\n */\n\nclass Google_Service_Replicapoolupdater_OperationWarnings extends Google_Collection\n{\n protected $collection_key = 'data';\n public $code;\n protected $dataType = 'Google_Service_Replicapoolupdater_OperationWarningsData';\n protected $dataDataType = 'array';\n public $message;\n\n public function setCode($code)\n {\n $this->code = $code;\n }\n public function getCode()\n {\n return $this->code;\n }\n /**\n * @param Google_Service_Replicapoolupdater_OperationWarningsData\n */\n public function setData($data)\n {\n $this->data = $data;\n }\n /**\n * @return Google_Service_Replicapoolupdater_OperationWarningsData\n */\n public function getData()\n {\n return $this->data;\n }\n public function setMessage($message)\n {\n $this->message = $message;\n }\n public function getMessage()\n {\n return $this->message;\n }\n}\n"
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"pile_set_name": "Github"
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[
"1. ",
"Alpha-Fetoprotein: A Historical Background {#sec1}\n=============================================\n\n*Alpha-fetoprotein* (AFP) has been considered for a long time the ideal serological marker for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).",
"\n\nIt is well known that persistently elevated AFP levels are related to the presence of HCC and that its determination can be helpful for a better definition of at-risk patients (i.e., patients with a history of cirrhosis) \\[[@B1]\\]; hence, AFP is the most widely tested biomarker in HCC.",
"\n\nHistorically, AFP has been mainly tested in the diagnostic mode rather than for HCC surveillance after any type of tumor treatment; consequently, AFP has been introduced as a variable in the flowcharts used for HCC diagnosis in both Europe and the USA \\[[@B2], [@B3]\\].",
"\n\nHowever, when combined with ultrasounds (US), AFP levels have shown to be able to only provide additional detection in 6--8% of not previously identified cases \\[[@B4]\\].",
"\n\nSeveral aspects are at the basis of the suboptimal performance of AFP as a serological test for HCC diagnosis.",
"\n\nFirstly, HBV or HCV infection and exacerbation of underlying liver disease determine fluctuating levels of AFP in patients with cirrhosis \\[[@B5], [@B6]\\].",
"\n\nSecondly, only a small proportion of early-stage HCCs (10--20%) present with abnormal AFP serum levels \\[[@B7]\\].",
"\n\nWhen used as a diagnostic test, AFP value of 20 ng/mL shows good sensitivity but low specificity, whilst the higher cut-off value of 200 ng/mL presents a high specificity but a sensitivity dropping to 22% \\[[@B8]\\].",
"\n\n2. ",
"The Demise of a Brilliant Star: AFP Is Removed from Diagnostic Flowcharts {#sec2}\n============================================================================\n\nStarting from these considerations, AFP has not been considered anymore a valid test to recommend for the survey of patients at risk of developing HCC.",
"\n\nIn a recent publication, Forner et al. ",
"have poetically defined AFP discontinuation as marker for HCC diagnosis as a \"demise of a brilliant star\" \\[[@B9]\\].",
"\n\nLooking at the flowcharts used for HCC diagnosis, the most recent ones consider only radiological exams, eventually combining biopsy in the diagnostic process in the presence of tumors with uncertain behavior or very small dimensions ([Figure 1](#fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}) \\[[@B4]\\].",
"\n\n3. ",
"Introduction of New Biomarkers in HCC Diagnosis {#sec3}\n==================================================\n\nApart from AFP, several novel markers have been developed in the last years with the intent to improve the diagnostic power and to better detect HCC in the population of cirrhotic patients.",
"\n\nAmong them, *des-*γ*-carboxy prothrombin* (DCP) and *lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP* (AFP-L3) have been more largely investigated, in both Western and Eastern experiences \\[[@B10], [@B11]\\].",
"\n\n\\(1\\) DCP, also called prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA), is an abnormal prothrombin molecule generated as a result of an acquired defect in the posttranslational carboxylation of the prothrombin precursor in malignant cells: this decarboxylated prothrombin is also produced in the presence of vitamin K deficiency \\[[@B12]\\].",
"\n\nThe exact cause of DCP production in HCC has not been completely understood yet. ",
"Several possible explanations have been proposed: (a) activity of carboxylase enzymes declines into the tumor tissue; (b) a splice variant of carboxylase is present in DCP-producing HCC cells; (c) availability of vitamin K declines in the tumor as the result of an abnormal vitamin K metabolism \\[[@B13]\\].",
"\n\nIn recent studies, vitamin K administration has been correlated with a dose-dependent reduction of DCP production \\[[@B14], [@B15]\\], suggesting that vitamin K may even present a biological effect against the tumor \\[[@B15]\\].",
"\n\nClinical usefulness of DCP in HCC detection has been recently tested, showing major sensitivity and specificity respect to AFP \\[[@B16], [@B17]\\].",
"\n\n\\(2\\) AFP-L3 is an isoform of AFP and it is reported as the percentage of AFP-L3 over the total AFP level. ",
"Previous studies have identified 10% as the cut-off for the presence of HCC \\[[@B18]\\].",
"\n\nMany studies have investigated the role of AFP-L3, alone or in combination with AFP and DCP, as a marker for the surveillance of patients at risk for HCC \\[[@B18]--[@B22]\\].",
"\n\nUse of AFP-L3, despite its major diffusion in Eastern countries, has recently improved also in Western centres \\[[@B19]--[@B22]\\].",
"\n\nContrasting results have been obtained comparing AFP-L3 with the other biomarkers: in a recent study, DCP has showed a higher sensitivity (87% versus 56%) and a superior ability in detecting patients without HCC \\[[@B18]\\], whilst in a US large phase 2 biomarker case-control study, AFP has been the most sensitive marker \\[[@B19]\\].",
"\n\nA prospective US study has shown a correlation between portal vein invasion and AFP-L3%, whilst DCP has been significantly associated with HCC metastasis \\[[@B22]\\].",
"\n\nHowever, despite the great interest related to the development of new biomarkers, DCP and AFP-L3 seem not to present markedly improved abilities in detecting HCC respect to AFP, mainly in the presence of early tumoral pathology.",
"\n\nBoth DCP and AFP-L3 fraction levels have been associated with portal vein invasion and advanced tumoral stage, a fact that prevents the usage of these markers for early detection \\[[@B23], [@B24]\\].",
"\n\nConsequently, the new serum markers, used alone or in combination, have not offered any substantial advantage with respect to AFP: at present, none of tests used for HCC detection can be recommended to survey cirrhotic patients at risk for HCC development \\[[@B4]\\].",
"\n\n4. ",
"The Star Rises Again: AFP as Predictor of Survival and Tumor Recurrence {#sec4}\n==========================================================================\n\nIn very recent years, AFP has been proposed as a predictor of patient survival and tumor recurrence after surgery, locoregional therapies, and systemic chemotherapy \\[[@B25]--[@B29]\\].",
"\n\nThis new role derives from the strong correlation detected between AFP values, tumor dimensions, and microvascular invasion, all well-known predictors of HCC recurrence \\[[@B30]\\].",
"\n\nIn fact, AFP represents a surrogate of tumoral activity and vascular invasiveness: AFP-mRNA dosage, used as a marker of HCC cell dissemination into the circulation, represents a further confirmation of this correlation \\[[@B31], [@B32]\\].",
"\n\nMany studies have investigated the best AFP measurement to consider for patient selection: in a recent large experience performed on 6817 US patients listed for liver transplantation (LT) with a diagnosis of HCC, last AFP before surgery has resulted as one of the strongest variables for patient selection before LT \\[[@B25]\\]. ",
"Similar results have been observed in a study from Italy, in which AFP before LT has been the unique independent risk factor for HCC recurrence \\[[@B26]\\].",
"\n\nApart from the moment of AFP determination, a great debate also exists on the best AFP threshold value to be used. ",
"Several cut-offs have been proposed (210, 400 and 1000 ng/mL) \\[[@B26], [@B33], [@B34]\\], but none of them has already obtained a definitive international validation.",
"\n\nIn two studies from France and Canada, the velocity of AFP increase has been suggested as the best predictor of HCC recurrence after LT. ",
"However, also this new parameter and its proposed cut-off value (15 or 50 ng/mL/month) need to be validated \\[[@B35], [@B36]\\].",
"\n\n5. ",
"Other Biomarkers as Predictors of Survival and Tumor Recurrence {#sec5}\n==================================================================\n\nIn the last years, AFP, DCP, and AFP-L3 have been largely investigated with the intent to predict the risk of HCC recurrence after hepatic resection.",
"\n\nA long list of Eastern experiences confirmed the predictive role played by these markers in the preoperative time. ",
"A very recent study from Japan has observed that their triple positivity detected before hepatectomy was related to postoperative poor prognosis \\[[@B11]\\]. ",
"A similar analysis performed on 416 patients showed that AFP \\>100 ng/mL and AFP-L3 \\>15% before radiofrequency ablation were significant predictors for the risk of HCC recurrence \\[[@B37]\\].",
"\n\nThe role of doubling time of preoperative AFP and DCP has been also investigated as useful tool for the prediction of early postoperative recurrence \\[[@B38]\\].",
"\n\nTwo Korean studies performed on 126 and 245 resected patients showed that preoperative DCP was superior to AFP in predicting recurrence \\[[@B39], [@B40]\\]. ",
"In fact, recent researches have demonstrated that DCP stimulates human vascular endothelial cell growth and tumor migration, in this way explaining its important role as predictor of survival and recurrence \\[[@B41]\\]. ",
"As a confirmation, DCP was more specific for the detection of vascular invasion, whilst AFP-L3 was related to progression from moderately differentiated to poorly differentiated HCC \\[[@B42]\\].",
"\n\nDespite the large number of experiences reported, it is clear that not all the studies are in agreement among them: larger and possibly multicentre studies are needed with the intent to test the pre-operative role of these markers on a large cohort of patients, in this way avoiding the possible biases of patient selection.",
"\n\nApart from their pre-operative detection, postoperative markers also showed a strong connection with HCC recurrence, even presenting in some cases a direct correlation between their value at recurrence and the site of recurrence \\[[@B43]\\].",
"\n\nNanashima et al. ",
"observed that normalization of DCP after hepatectomy was significantly associated with good patient survival, in this way reflecting the efficacy of the treatment \\[[@B44]\\].",
"\n\nPostoperative DCP values appeared more closely associated with indices of tumor invasiveness like tumor large dimension, vascular invasion, intrahepatic metastases, and a lower grade of tumor cell differentiation \\[[@B45]\\]. ",
"One study performed on 124 patients treated with termoablation showed that posttreatment AFP-L3 resulted in the most reliable tumor marker for estimating overall survival and disease-free survival respect to AFP and DCP \\[[@B46]\\].",
"\n\nDespite the good results observed in all the reported studies, a recent report from the University of Nagasaki performed on 470 patients treated for HCC showed conflicting results, concluding that high AFP or DCP levels did not sufficiently reflect curative efficacy of treatment: hence, the authors affirmed AFP and DCP were poor predictors of prognosis in HCC patients \\[[@B47]\\].",
"\n\nConsequently, also for postoperative markers values, we can obtain the same considerations done for the pre-operative ones. ",
"A study performed on a large population is needed to better investigate the effective role of postoperative markers modification as predictors of recurrence.",
"\n\nApart from this, it is very interesting to underline that all the reported studies come from Asia, showing that the use of DCP and AFP-L3 represents a controversial point between Western and Eastern countries in the clinical management of HCC. ",
"In fact, despite the optimal results showed by some Eastern experiences, systematic application of these markers looks to be unlikely in European and US clinical practice. ",
"Possible explanations for this disagreement may be the poor availability of these new markers in Western countries, or the belief that Asian tumors are biologically different from Western ones and, consequently, with different biological proteins expression.",
"\n\nIt is opinion of the authors that a large evaluation of these markers also in the Western scenario is strongly required, with the intent to confirm their power for HCC recurrence prediction.",
"\n\n6. ",
"Use of AFP and Other Markers in HCC Prognostic Staging Systems {#sec6}\n=================================================================\n\nIn recent years, different staging systems have been proposed with the intent to better stratify HCC patients. ",
"In Japan, biomarkers have been integrated into some of them as selection variables.",
"\n\nFor example, the proposed \"biomarker combined Japan Integrated Staging (bm-JIS),\" proposed in 2008, was invented with the intent to improve the stratification ability of the already existed JIS, in this way adding to the previous prognostic model the possibility of also estimating the HCC malignant grade. ",
"A total of 1.924 HCC patients were included in this study, and the three tumor markers AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP, were used. ",
"The stratification value of the bm-JIS score was superior to the JIS score, as observed by the higher likelihood ratio test obtained for the first model after Cox regression analysis \\[[@B48]\\].",
"\n\nAnother score, called BALAD score, was developed in 2006. ",
"This scoring system was exclusively based on 5 serum markers: bilirubin, albumin, AFP-L3, AFP, and DCP. ",
"The system was validated in 2600 HCC patients from 5 institutions. ",
"The discriminative ability of the model resulted was excellent, adding the great advantage of being easy to perform \\[[@B49]\\].",
"\n\nAlso in these cases, despite the large populations analyzed and the excellent ability in cohort stratification, the proposed scores need to be confirmed out of Japan, possibly in a Western experience, with the intent to confirm their effective pertinence.",
"\n\n7. ",
"Use of AFP and Other Markers for the Selection of Liver Transplant Candidates {#sec7}\n================================================================================\n\nUse of AFP for the selection of LT candidates has recently observed a progressive increase. ",
"In a recent analysis performed on national data from the USA, transplanted HCC patients with moderately or highly elevated AFP levels presented poor results after LT. ",
"Moreover, patients with similar sized tumors but elevated AFP levels still had worse survival, showing that AFP seems to be a better surrogate for bad biology than size \\[[@B50], [@B51]\\].",
"\n\nIn a very recent study from Europe, it has been clearly reported that *\"use of changes in serum levels of biomarkers for assessment of response (i.e., AFP levels) is under investigation\"* \\[[@B4]\\]; similarly, the US national conference for liver allocation in HCC patients has established that *\"allocation points will be based on a candidate\\'s calculated MELD score plus the following factors.* *",
"AFP \\<500 ng/mL.Tumor size within the Milan Criteria (MC).Time within the MC (this includes patients down-staged to within the MC).No points will be added if the AFP level is greater than 500 ng/mL.\" \\[[@B34]\\].*",
"\n\nAs previously reported, studies from Italy, Switzerland, the USA, Canada, and France have been recently published, all of them underlying the role of AFP as predictor of survival and recurrence during the waiting time \\[[@B25], [@B26], [@B33], [@B35], [@B36]\\].",
"\n\nCombination of radiology and biology for the selection of LT candidates has been strongly proposed, in this way investigating not only the morphological features of the tumor, but also its biological aggressiveness ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}).",
"\n\nA study from North America has proposed the combination of total tumor volume (TTV) \\<115 cm^3^ and AFP \\<400 ng/mL for the selection of HCC patients, showing that patients exceeding these cut-offs presented very poor post-LT results (below 50% at 3 years) \\[[@B33]\\].",
"\n\nIn another study from the Inter-University Consortium of Rome, 158 HCC patients were stratified according to the total tumor diameter (TTD) \\>8 cm and AFP \\>400 ng/mL. At multivariate analysis, both these variables were the unique independent risk factors for recurrence, presenting the AFP value \\>400 ng/mL an 8-fold increased risk for developing post-LT HCC recurrence. ",
"Radiological-biological combination consented to obtain a better selection of candidates for LT without worsening patient survival and recurrence rates, this approach allowing for an increase in the number of potentially transplantable patients \\[[@B52]\\].",
"\n\nApart from AFP, also the other markers were used in LT: a study from Japan performed on 456 patients who underwent LT showed that the elevation of AFP-L3 (*P* = 0.0171) and DCP (*P* = 0.0004) significantly affected decreased survival rate and that DCP elevation had the strongest effect on patient survival \\[[@B53]\\].",
"\n\nIn a study from Kyoto performed on 144 patients who underwent living donor LT, multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size \\>5 cm, \\> or = 11 nodules, and DCP \\>400 mAU/mL were significant independent risk factors for recurrence. ",
"The so-called Kyoto criteria were then developed according to these variables, consenting to obtain additional information regarding histological features and thus greatly improving patient selection criteria \\[[@B54]\\].",
"\n\nThe recent progression in the number of studies focalized on the role of biological markers as selectors of patients waiting for LT strongly suggests that morphological aspects alone (i.e., tumor number and dimensions) are not fully able to select patients. ",
"Large national studies (mainly from North America) have been already performed, but an international validation of these new criteria is still needed, being nowadays MC (exclusively based on morphological aspects) the unique real criteria clearly recognized worldwide.",
"\n\n8. ",
"The Future {#sec8}\n=============\n\nUntil now, an HCC molecular classification does not exist. ",
"In fact, HCC represents a complex and heterogeneous tumor with several genomic alterations. ",
"Many studies reported several aberrant activations of signaling cascades such as vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factor receptors (VEGFR and EGFR), Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphoinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor, Wnt, Hedgehog, and apoptotic signaling \\[[@B55]\\].",
"\n\nThe recent introduction in the clinical practice of mTOR inhibitors and, mainly, sorafenib, as molecular therapies against HCC, has focalized on the attention on new plasma biological markers \\[[@B56], [@B57]\\].",
"\n\nHowever, an exponential increase in the number of new discovered proteins involved in tumor differentiation and aggressiveness has been observed in the very recent last years, further underlining the great complexity of HCC genomics and the difficulties existent in this area of research.",
"\n\nIn a recent analysis from the Sorafenib HCC Assessment Randomized Protocol (SHARP) trial, ten plasma biomarkers were tested in 491 patients \\[[@B58]\\]: two angiogenesis biomarkers (Ang2 and VEGF) were independent predictors of survival in patients with advanced HCC.",
"\n\nVEGF and its receptor (VEGF-R) seem to be extremely important in tumor aggressiveness, because of their angiogenetic role: VEGF represents the target molecule of sorafenib, the most important anti-HCC drug developed in the last years.",
"\n\nConsequently, several studies have underlined the critical role of VEGF. ",
"In a study from Italy, a direct correlation between high AFP values and VEGF protein expression was reported \\[[@B59]\\]. ",
"Similarly, AFP mRNA and VEGFR-1 mRNA from the bone marrow and peripheral blood of 114 Japanese patients treated with primary curative hepatectomy showed a strong correlation of their concentration with the risk of early recurrence after surgical treatment \\[[@B60]\\].",
"\n\nThe direct research of VEGFR expression in cell lines and specimens represents another attractive approach for investigating its role. ",
"High expression of VEGFR-1 was detected in 4 HCC cell lines and in the samples of 95 HCC patients treated with curative resection, resulting in an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and overall survival \\[[@B61]\\].",
"\n\nBesides the role of the new biomarkers evaluable from plasma or directly from the tumor tissue, global gene expression profiling may represent the most appropriate technology to unravel the pathogenesis of HCC and explore its heterogeneous origin \\[[@B62]\\]. ",
"In fact, it is very well known, as reported in a recent review by Marsh and Schmidt \\[[@B63]\\], that \"In the field of surgical oncology, tumor biology is king, patient selection is queen, and technical maneuvers are the prince and princess who try, but usually fail, to usurp the throne.\"",
"\n\nUnfortunately, although these investigations represent a promising progress in the field of prognostic prediction for HCC, their immediate application in the clinical practice is hindered by the great inhomogeneity existent among HCCs: in fact, a sort of \"Babel\" of different genetic subgroups exist according to etiological factors, tumor stages, recurrence and survival \\[[@B64]\\].",
"\n\nRecently, a real biobanking protocol has been established, with the intent to investigate whole genome sequencing, exome sequencing, gene-specific analysis, gene expression, and epigenetic analysis of HCC patients \\[[@B65]\\].",
"\n\nIn the last decade, preliminary studies have been performed in both Western and Eastern centers.",
"\n\nIn 2003, Marsh et al. ",
"\\[[@B66]\\] proposed the use of a panel of tumor suppressor gene markers of allelic loss to better investigate the risk of tumor recurrence after LT. ",
"Loss of heterozygosity of specific genes of interest (APC, CDKN2A, DCC, MET, MYC1, OGG1, p34, p53, PTEN) was investigated in 103 different HCC patients. ",
"An index based on the fractional allelic imbalance (FAI) rate was constructed, showing a strongly accurate prediction for tumor recurrence.",
"\n\nFAI index was successively tested on 183 HCC patients who underwent LT \\[[@B67]\\], resulting the strongest predictor of post-LT recurrence, followed by vascular invasion and morphological aspects (tumor number and bilobar involvement).",
"\n\nAnother study from the USA observed a gene signature based on 406 different genes able to discriminate two populations of good and poor survivals among HBV patients \\[[@B68]\\]. ",
"The same group, more recently, reported an additional hepatoblastoma-like HCC subgroup with very poor prognosis \\[[@B69]\\].",
"\n\nOther studies, using different genes, reported similar abilities in predicting patient and disease-free survivals and excellent accuracies \\[[@B70]--[@B72]\\]: for example, a Japanese study performed on 60 patients and based on a 12-gene signature identified through high-density oligonucleotide microarrays (\\>6000 genes) reported an accuracy above 90% \\[[@B71]\\].",
"\n\nA recent analysis performed on 214 resected patients, defined a gene-expression signature associated with the prediction of vascular invasion (accuracy: 69%) \\[[@B73]\\].",
"\n\nThe recent discovery of RNA interference has further revolutionized the \"loss of function genetics\": miRNA-based delivery strategies have shown antitumoral activity in HCC animal models, and dysregulation of miRNA has also proved high prognostic predictive value in human samples \\[[@B74]\\]. ",
"The use of reversible miRNA against P53 tumor suppressor has recently enabled the identification of P53 loss as a major requirement for the maintenance of murine liver carcinoma. ",
"Similar miRNA-based approaches were recently used to functionally validate DLC-1 as a tumor suppressor included in 8p, a chromosomal region that is found deleted in up to 50% of human HCC.",
"\n\nThe advent of further novel technologies, such as deep sequencing and integrative genomic analysis, and the consolidation of sophisticated animal models (mosaic models, transposons) will represent the beginning of a new era in cancer gene discovery.",
"\n\nHowever, despite the surprising results reported using genomics and new target proteins involved in HCC pathways, a long time is still required before their routine use in clinical and surgical practice: the experience with sorafenib is still at the beginning, and new drugs will be developed in the next future. ",
"Larger validation of genetic aspects on international cohorts and common genetic markers between Western and Eastern patients are still required.",
"\n\n9. ",
"Conclusions {#sec9}\n==============\n\nBiomarkers routinely used for HCC detection are suboptimal tests for routine clinical practice in HCC diagnosis. ",
"New and more accurate biomarkers for early HCC detection need to be already developed. ",
"On the contrary, these markers are routinely and successfully used as predictors of survival and HCC recurrence in patients treated with curative intent, mainly in Eastern countries. ",
"On these bases, the development of a predictive model combining radiological and biological features is strongly suggested. ",
"Use of AFP modification during the waiting list for LT is still under investigation. ",
"New genetic markers are continuously discovered, but their use is not already routinely available in the clinical practice.",
"\n\nThe authors have no conflict of interests to declare.",
"\n\n![",
"Development of different European and US flow charts proposed in the last decade for the diagnosis of HCC. ",
"AFP has progressively disappeared from the variables used for the diagnosis. ",
"Flow-chart (a): from Bruix et al. ",
"EASL guidelines 2001 \\[[@B2]\\], with modifications; flow chart (b): from Bruix et al. ",
"AASLD guidelines 2005 \\[[@B3]\\], with modifications; flow-chart (c): from EASL-EORTC guidelines 2012 \\[[@B4]\\], with modifications.](IJHEP2012-893103.001){#fig1}\n\n###### \n\nVarious proposed criteria for the selection of HCC patients waiting for liver transplantation.",
"\n\n Author (year), abbreviation Criteria\n ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------\n Only radiological criteria \n \n Mazzaferro \\[[@B75]\\], Milan 1 HCC ≤5 cm or ≤3 HCC ≤3 cm\n Yao \\[[@B76]\\], UCSF 1 HCC ≤6.5 cm or ≤3 HCC ≤4.5 cm with TTD ≤8 cm\n Herrero \\[[@B77]\\], CUN 1 HCC ≤6 cm or ≤3 HCC ≤5 cm\n Onaca \\[[@B78]\\], Dallas 1 HCC ≤6 cm or ≤4 HCC ≤5 cm\n Sugawara \\[[@B79]\\], Tokyo ≤5 HCC ≤5 cm\n Lee \\[[@B80]\\], Asan ≤6 HCC ≤5 cm\n Silva \\[[@B81]\\], Valencia ≤3 HCC ≤5 cm with TTD ≤10 cm\n Toso \\[[@B82]\\], TTV TTV ≤115 cm^3^\n Mazzaferro \\[[@B83]\\], Up-to-seven Number + maximum size of HCC = 7\n Fan \\[[@B84]\\], Shanghai 1 HCC ≤9 cm or ≤3 HCC ≤5 cm with TTD ≤9 cm\n \n Criteria needing preoperative biopsy \n \n Cillo \\[[@B85]\\], Padua Tumor grading I or II\n Zheng \\[[@B86]\\], Hangzhou TTD ≤8 cm or HCC grading I or II and AFP ≤400 ng/mL\n \n Combined radiological and biological criteria \n \n Kwon \\[[@B87]\\], Seoul HCC ≤5 cm (no number restriction) and AFP ≤400 ng/mL\n Takada , Ito \\[[@B88], [@B89]\\], Kyoto ≤10 HCC ≤5 cm and DCP ≤400 mAU/mL\n Toso et al. ",
"\\[[@B33]\\], TTV/AFP TTV ≤115 cm^3^ and AFP ≤400 ng/mL\n Lai et al. ",
"\\[[@B52]\\], TTD/AFP TTD ≤8 cm and AFP ≤400 ng/mL\n\nHCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; TTD: total tumor diameter; TTV: total tumor volume; AFP: alpha foetoprotein; DCP: des-*γ*-carboxy prothrombin.",
"\n\n[^1]: Academic Editor: Nikki P. Lee\n"
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[
"How to Get a Fair Roofing Estimate\n\nWhether your roof is suffering from an animal infestation or the aftermath of a severe storm, roofing contractors know that homeowners are often on edge when fielding those frustrated phone calls that come in right as the office opens. ",
"Some unscrupulous types may try to take advantage of potential customers’ sense of panic and emergency. ",
"So how do you know if you’re getting the best bang for your buck? ",
"Well, if you’re in need of roof repairs or perhaps even an entirely new roof, here are a few tips to guide you when it comes to getting proper roofing estimates and choosing reliable, trustworthy contractors to get the job done at a reasonable price.",
"\n\nShop around\n\nWhen a company wants to hire an employee, they don’t just pick the first person that walks through the door. ",
"They interview multiple candidates, sometimes more than once, and then come to a final decision after some consideration. ",
"The moral of the story here is don’t be tempted by the first estimate you hear.",
"\n\nYou never want to be pressured into signing a contract with a roofer before insurers have given you an official damage estimate. ",
"In fact, a good contractor will even double check the insurers’ work to make sure that they didn’t miss anything!",
"\n\nCall at least three different contractors to get their estimates and actually speak to somebody at the other end of the line. ",
"Friends and family members are a great source of recommendations, so why not start there? ",
"You can also check websites like the Better Business Bureau to ensure that your contractors are legitimate and properly accredited.",
"\n\nGet references\n\nGood contractors will have a solid history of work behind them, and should be more than happy – and capable – of providing you with at least three references. ",
"Given that this is the twenty-first century, you should be able to snoop around pretty quickly and find out if all three references came from your contractor’s mother. ",
"Fake reviews are not uncommon, so make sure to do your due diligence by carefully assessing anything you read online.",
"\n\nSimilarly, double check to see that your roofing contractors are licensed and insured. ",
"They need to have General Liability insurance, as well as Workers’ Compensation insurance. ",
"Don’t cut costs by trying to get somebody under the table without official documentation. ",
"If something goes wrong or if somebody gets injured, roofing problems will be the least of your worries.",
"\n\nGo to the source\n\nRoofers have to get their material somewhere, and those people are the suppliers. ",
"Knowledge is your best friend, so don’t forget to ask your potential roofing contractors about the material costs when getting an estimate. ",
"After that, go to the source by calling up the suppliers so that you can get an idea of the markup. ",
"While you can’t get away from a contractor markup, there’s a difference between reasonable and highway robbery.",
"\n\nOn another note, don’t forget to ensure that the suppliers have a good relationship with the contractors, and that they are paid in a timely, regular manner. ",
"Angry suppliers may hit you up if their bills aren’t paid!",
"\n\nWhile you’re at it, you might as well also ask about material warranties and check into the suppliers’ history as well. ",
"You don’t want to pay for a roof that look great now, but that may not be so nice five years from now. (",
"Bonus points if the material warranty is transferrable from one homeowner to the next.)",
"\n\nLearn the lingo\n\nExperts in any subject matter tend to get lost in things like acronyms or special vocabulary. ",
"They may assume their interlocutor knows what they’re talking about. ",
"Contractors may not expect homeowners to be fully familiar with roofing lingo, and this can work to a clueless person’s disadvantage. ",
"By knowing what a contractor is actually talking about – and more importantly, what they’re looking for in a roofing estimate – you can make sure that they are as thorough as they claim. ",
"Furthermore, you’ll be able to better judge if the work they say needs to be done and the given estimates add up.",
"\n\nAsk about additional fees\n\nWhen shopping around for a good contractor, you’ll want to be sure that an estimate not only includes material costs, but labour and incidental costs as well. ",
"Nobody wants to be stuck paying for unforeseen fees. ",
"This may include anything related to supply transportation, cleanup, permit costs and waste disposal.",
"\n\nWhile all this poking around may seem like an awful lot of work, roof-repairs and installations are a huge investment for any homeowner. ",
"Even if you can literally see the stars through your roof because the damage is so severe, take a deep breath and step away from the situation for a second. ",
"By being thorough in your line of questioning, you can get reasonable quotes and have a good understanding of the situation and the work you are paying for."
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[
"In the rural Pali district of Rajasthan, India, where child marriage is widely practiced, American photographer Mark Tuschman is at the home of young Kala, a child bride. ",
"Elegantly dressed for her portrait in a red sari, she looks into the lens of Tuschman’s camera with great dignity. ",
"Kala was married when she was three months old so that her family could avoid the payment of a dowry. ",
"She is now 13 and in seventh grade. ",
"She is still living with her parents, but will soon go to her husband’s home where she will be deprived of the rest of her childhood, trapped in a cycle of poverty that will include years of household labor and childrearing and very possibly, domestic abuse.",
"\n\nKala’s beautiful portrait is the cover photograph of Mark Tuschman’s compelling and important new book, \"Faces of Courage: Intimate Portraits of Women on the Edge\" ( Val de Grace Books, October 2015). ",
"Her moving story is one of many told here that address one of the most searing humanitarian issues of our time: the struggle of millions of women and girls to gain freedom over their own lives and bodies. ",
"Tuschman’s powerful images and illuminating texts reveal that for many women around the world “being born female is dangerous to your health.”",
"\n\nFor nearly a decade, Tuschman, a veteran freelance photographer for over 35 years, traveled to seventeen countries—India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Laos, and Indonesia in Asia; Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Malawi in Africa; and Nicaragua, Guatemala, Peru, Ecuador and Trinidad in Latin America. ",
"Working in collaboration with UN agencies, foundations, and NGOs, Tuschman brings us his tender and unflinching portraits of women and girls who are living in high-risk, often life threatening situations. ",
"The women we meet in \"Faces of Courage\" are forced into child marriages that can lead to teen pregnancy, dowry abuse, and domestic violence, including rape; sold into human trafficking and prostitution; and deprived of the education that can lift them out of poverty and despair and move them towards independence. ",
"The hardships they endure make them vulnerable to a multitude of serious health problems, many of them treatable if they can get to a health clinic in time.",
"\n\nStory continues\n\nPairing sadness with hope, Tuschman also brings us stories about resilience and transformation. ",
"He highlights advances being made by innovative, grassroots organizations that focus on educating and empowering women. ",
"Within these programs they receive help that dramatically improves their lives—basic medical care for themselves and their children, surgeries to repair life-threatening fistulas resulting from pregnancy at a young age, treatment for HIV/AIDS and other diseases, and shelter from violence. ",
"They are also taught family planning and trades that can lead them to running their own businesses and achieving financial freedom. ",
"Other programs aim to combat harmful social practices such as child marriage by enrolling young girls, mentoring them, and teaching them skills that ensure their value and autonomy, including reading and writing and peer sexual education.",
"\n\nWhile his book shows examples of numerous worthy programs staffed by hard working, experienced health care professionals and social workers, Tuschman recognizes that the great work they are accomplishing is not nearly enough to go around. ",
"Without significantly ramping up funding so that programs like these can be expanded to reach more people, countless more women will slip through the cracks. \"",
"Faces of Courage\" is a passionate call to action for us to become in Tuschman’s words – “ part of the movement of our time to take a stand for women's rights around the world.”",
"\n\nMark Tuschman has worked as an international freelance photographer for over 35 years. ",
"As a photographer committed to issues of global health and development and the basic human rights of women and girls, he was privileged to receive several awards, including the photographer of the year award from the Global Health Council in 2009-2010, and, in 2014, the Grand Prize in a worldwide photo competition sponsored by Social Documentary Network and Management Sciences for Health. ",
"His work has been featured and exhibited in many international health and development conferences, including: The Pacific Health Summit in London in June 2010, a conference promoting women’s reproductive health care, and in September 2011, The Audacia Forum, a conference on promoting girls’ education in New York. ",
"In 2012, his images were used to illustrate the UNFPA 7 Billion Campaign and the Women Deliver Conference in Malaysia in 2013, where he also was the featured photographer and had a major exhibit. ",
"Most recently, his photography was exhibited at The Carter Center Human Rights Defenders Forum in Atlanta in 2015.",
"\n\n\n\n\"Faces of Courage\" by the Mark Tuschman book launch and reception on Wednesday, Oct. 14, from 6 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. at the Ford Foundation. ",
"Presentation by Mark Tuschman with remarks by Jill Sheffiled, Women Delivier, and conversation with Charlotte Bunch, former Global Fund for Women board member. ",
"Reception and book signing to follow.",
"\n\n\n\n\n\nFind more news-related pictures in our photo galleries and follow us on Tumblr."
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"Assam’s old and ‘vulnerable’ embankments bring annual sorrow\n\nFor more than 40 years, the residents of 60-odd villages in Naduar circle, in north-central Assam’s Sonitpur district, believed they were out of the reach of rain-swollen rivers.",
"\n\nThe reason? ",
"Embankments that walled off river Brahmaputra to the south and its tributaries from Naduar area. ",
"When the embankments cracked on June 26 last year, both their villages and their faith drowned.",
"\n\n“In a flash, dozens of houses in our village vanished, as did our livestock, our major source of livelihood,” said Tikaram Sharma of village Kasomari village.",
"\n\nBefore help arrived from the army’s Gajraj Corps at Tezpur nearby, 57-year-old dairy farmer Sharma lost his herd of 60 goats and 21 milch cows. ",
"Others had more grim stories.",
"\n\nThere were more ‘Naduars’ last year. ",
"Breaches in embankments at 74 places along many of Assam’s 121 rivers killed 134 people — they include 16 landslide victims in the hills — and brought about displacement and crop damage.",
"\n\nExperts attributed the breaches to earthen and concrete embankments because they are their past expiry date.",
"\n\nThe killer years were 1988, 2004 and 2007 when 234, 354 and 195 breaches in embankments happened.",
"\n\n“We have submitted a R4,031.41crore scheme to the Brahmaputra Board for strengthening the embankments,” he said.",
"\n\n“Government’s delay in post-flood rehabilitation does little to help the affected people. ",
"For instance, Rs 1.52crore to compensate for loss of livestock did not reach the people in three districts, nor did the money to repair damaged houses,” said Prithibhushan Deka, of NGO Gramya Vikash that worked in three affected districts in 2012.",
"\n\nHowever, NGOs insisted the department ends up doing patchwork with at least R70crore it gets from budgetary allocation and disaster relief fund; district officials don’t deny that patchwork is the way out.",
"\n\nThe emphasis is on engineering solutions that are ‘visible’, that satisfy entrenched contractors instead of simple non-structural and low-cost solutions.",
"\n\n“Learning to live with floods is said to be a new concept, but tribal communities such as Mishings have for ages been living in chang-ghars (houses on stilts) in flood-prone areas,” said Nandita Hazarika, state project officer for revenue and disaster management department.",
"\n\nAssam’s geographical alignment — primarily a valley surrounded by hill states — makes it prone to flooding even if it rains heavily on the hills of Arunachal Pradesh or Bhutan.",
"\n\nOthers said Assam should have learnt to cope with the annual floods long ago. ",
"But as environmentalist Parimal C Bhattacharjee said, “It is better late than never.”"
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[
"David Hohs\n\nDavid Hohs (born 16 March 1988) is a German footballer. ",
"He is currently on a free agent.",
"\n\nCareer\n\nEarly career\nHohs was raised in Cologne and played in his youth 13 years for Bayer Leverkusen where he won the under 19 Bundesliga in 2007.",
"\n\nIn 2003, Charly Körbel led him to the Eintracht Frankfurt football academy. ",
"Here he played until July 2006 before moving to the academy of Blackburn Rovers.",
"\n\nAlemannia Aachen\nIn the 2007–08 season, he joined the second team of Alemannia Aachen to find better chances than in Bayer Leverkusen which had three excellent goal keepers at the time. ",
"After the transfer of Kristian Nicht to Norway he was called up to join the first team as a third keeper, received the number 22 and continued to play for the second team. ",
"On 13 September 2009, he had his first game in the 2. ",
"Bundesliga replacing the ill Thorsten Stuckmann. ",
"Under his new coach Peter Hyballa he became the first keeper and received the number one for the begin of the 2011–12 season.",
"\n\n1. ",
"FC Kaiserslautern\nIn summer 2012, Hohs joined 1. ",
"FC Kaiserslautern on a free transfer. ",
"He spent two years with the club as a backup 'keeper, without making a league appearance.",
"\n\n1. ",
"FC Saarbrücken\n\nHohs signed for Regionalliga Südwest side 1. ",
"FC Saarbrücken at the end of the 2013–14 season.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n David Hohs at Scoresway\n \n\nCategory:German footballers\nCategory:1988 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Bayer 04 Leverkusen players\nCategory:Alemannia Aachen players\nCategory:1. ",
"FC Kaiserslautern players\nCategory:1. ",
"FC Saarbrücken players\nCategory:2. ",
"Bundesliga players\nCategory:Association football goalkeepers"
] | {
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"Claudin-16 Deficiency Impairs Tight Junction Function in Ameloblasts, Leading to Abnormal Enamel Formation.",
"\nClaudin-16 protein (CLDN16) is a component of tight junctions (TJ) with a restrictive distribution so far demonstrated mainly in the kidney. ",
"Here, we demonstrate the expression of CLDN16 also in the tooth germ and show that claudin-16 gene (CLDN16) mutations result in amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) in the 5 studied patients with familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC). ",
"To investigate the role of CLDN16 in tooth formation, we studied a murine model of FHHNC and showed that CLDN16 deficiency led to altered secretory ameloblast TJ structure, lowering of extracellular pH in the forming enamel matrix, and abnormal enamel matrix protein processing, resulting in an enamel phenotype closely resembling human AI. ",
"This study unravels an association of FHHNC owing to CLDN16 mutations with AI, which is directly related to the loss of function of CLDN16 during amelogenesis. ",
"Overall, this study indicates for the first time the importance of a TJ protein in tooth formation and underlines the need to establish a specific dental follow-up for these patients."
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"Pakistan: the new target of terrorism. ",
"Are Karachi's emergency medical response systems adequately prepared?",
"\nTo assess the efficacy and preparedness of the pre-hospital and hospital emergency medical systems and post graduate trainees in the city to deal with a massive terrorist strike. ",
"A cross-sectional survey of postgraduate trainees was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center and Civil Hospital Karachi from 21st July 2007 to 24th July 2007, to evaluate the preparedness and self identified deficiencies of doctors involved in massive trauma casualty management. ",
"To assess the pre-hospital care in Karachi, structured telephonic interviews were conducted of administrators of two private run charity based ambulance services. ",
"Out of the 90 respondents questioned regarding a self assessment of their training, only 3 (3.3%) of them were confident about their management of bomb blast victims. ",
"Eighty-seven (96.6%) of the respondents felt they required some further training (44.4%) or comprehensive training (52.2%). ",
"No simulated drills or courses had been conducted for disaster management in the emergency department of the surveyed Hospitals. ",
"Most of the ambulance drivers had no paramedic training. ",
"Ambulances are equipped with a stretcher and an oxygen cylinder only. ",
"No resuscitation measures are available in the ambulances. ",
"With an increasing number of terrorist attacks in the country, massive influx of casualties in a relatively short time span has become a regular feature of the Pakistani hospital system. ",
"Lack of adequate training at pre-hospital and in hospital levels may translate into increasing morbidities and mortalities. ",
"It is imperative that training of junior doctors and paramedical staff be conducted regularly and an effective regional communication base established for efficient interdepartmental coordination."
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[
"Sensory experience ratings for 5,500 Spanish words.",
"\nSensory experience rating (SER) is a recently developed subjective lexical index that reflects the extent to which a word evokes a sensory and/or perceptual experience in a reader (Juhasz & Yap, 2013; Juhasz, Yap, Dicke, Taylor, & Gullick, 2011). ",
"In the present study, SERs for a set of 5,500 Spanish words were collected, which makes this the largest set of norms for SER in the Spanish language to date. ",
"Additionally, with the aim of further exploring the implications of this new indicator and its relations with other psycholinguistic variables, a variety of correlational and regression analyses are provided. ",
"The results showed that SERs significantly correlated with imageability, age of acquisition, and a number of variables related to perception and emotion. ",
"In addition, SERs predicted a significant amount of variance in lexical decision times when other variables were controlled."
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[
"OCR Text\n\nNew Braunfels Herald Zeitung (Newspaper) - February 26, 1985, New Braunfels, Texas\nNew Braunfels Y\\era\\d-Zeitung Tuesday, February 26,1986 7\n13 Baylor players take Wheeler's side\nWACO (AP) — Baylor Coach Jim Haller said he was hurt by a statement, issued by 13 of the 14 members of his squad, that took the side of former reserve center John Wheeler in the controversy that resulted in Haller losing his job.",
"\nHowever, he said several of those who signed it had informed him its main purpose was to unify the team.",
"\n“I’ve got several players on the way over to the house right now to say it was a team unity thing more than anything,” Haller told the Dallas Times Herald Monday night.",
"\n“I’ve been hurt truthfully by it, but if that’s the way to keep the team unified until the (Southwest Conference) tournament, then it’s all right,” Haller said.",
"\n“I won’t let it affect me. ",
"I will coach just as hard against Rice (Wednesday) as I did against Houston (last Saturday).... I will be happy when it’s over so I can go back to normal again.”",
"\nBaylor University president Dr. Herbert Reynolds announced Friday that Haller had resigned in light of revelations on a tape that Wheeler had made secretly during two conversations with the coach in Haller’s office.",
"\nIn the taped conversations, Haller discussed a $172 expense check, originally intended for meals over the Christmas holidays, that he gave Wheeler to use to make car payments. ",
"Wheeler was not entitled to the check for meal purposes since he left the team during the holidays, school officials said.",
"\nThe players* statement was given to former Baylor player Tommy Roe, now a law student at the school, for\nrelease to the news media.",
"\nThe Times Herald identified Roe as the individual who turned over to Reynolds the tape recording that Wheeler made. ",
"Roe, who played for Baylor in 1983 before injuries cut his career short, has remained friends with several players although he has been away from the team for 15 months, the newspaper said.",
"\nThe statement accused Haller of persecuting Wheeler, a 7-footer who had seen limited playing action for Baylor. ",
"It said that although numerous news media reports had made Wheeler out to be a scapegoat, his actions reflected the feelings of the entire team.",
"\nThe players said Wheeler was not the only player who had spoken to university officials about improprieties in the Baylor basketball program.",
"\n“There have been several incidences which the players have testified to with the proper authorities of Baylor University. ",
"These incidences were of such a nature that Jim Haller’s resignation or termination of employment was inevitable even if the tape did not exist,” the statement said.",
"\n“John has been made out to be a disgruntled player seeking revenge, but in reality he represents a disgruntled team seeking justice,” said the statement, which the Times Herald said was released to it and to television stations KTRK in Houston and KWTX in Waco.",
"\n“We would like to emphasize that this statement and the entire investigation was initiated by the team. ",
"Anyone outside the team who has helped us has done so at our request,” the statement added.",
"\nWheeler is no longer on the team.",
"Umpires to hold training clinics\nThe Comal County Umpires Association will hold two training clinics this week.",
"\nOn Wednesday, the umpires will meet from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. at the luanda Recreation Center. ",
"On Sunday, they will meet from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. at the junior girls’ softball field at Camp Comal.",
"\nThe clinic is for current umpires and anyone interested in becoming an umpire. ",
"Jesse Garcia will conduct the clinic.",
"Second nature outing to be Saturday\nThe second of the New Braunfels Parks and Recreation Department’s nature outings Saturday at Panther\nCanyon.",
"\nPlant and tree identification as well as geology and history of the area will be covered. ",
"Bill Tepe from New Braunfels Utilities will also be present to demonstrate the process of measuring the aquifer level at the Panther Canyon test well.",
"\nThe outing will begin at 2 p.m. at the entrance to the canyon in luanda Park. ",
"Please call the luanda Recreation Center, fi29-61%, if you plan to attend.",
"Rec Center to hold powerlifting meet\nThe New Braunfels Parks and Recreation Department will conduct a powerlifting meet March 15 at the Lancia Recreation Center.",
"\nEvents will be the dead lift, squat and bench press.",
"\nRegistration will be March 4-8 at the rec center, and the entry fee is $5.",
"\nFor more information, call 629-61%.Softball association to meet tonight\nThe New Braunfels Softball Association will hold an organizational meeting today at 7 p.m. at the luanda Recreation Center.",
"\nTopics to be discussed include registration information, constitution and by-laws of the association and an amendment to the eight-player limit rule\nFor more information, call the rec center between I p.m. and 8 p m. Monday through Friday.",
"\nNew Braunfels' Jimmy Villareal practices the discus LLGA A flight\nUnicorn roster filled to brim\nBy DAVID KING Sports editor\nIf sheer numbers won track meets, the New Braunfels boys might be the state champions in 1985.",
"\nCoach Lew Simmonds has the biggest crop of athletes in his five years at the school, and that crop includes solid senior leadership plus an enormous sophomore class.",
"\n“We’ve got a lot of people out here,” Simmonds said. “",
"I don’t know how many quality people we have. ",
"Of course, I think all our kids are quality people, but I’m talking about the ones who can get the 10s (first places) and eights (seconds).",
"\n“I’m not sure how many of those we’ve got.”",
"\nIf last year’s district meet is any indication, Simmonds has a few. ",
"Pole vaulter Kenan Ikels, sprinter David Deliernos and shot putter Kraig Krause all went to the regional meet a year ago, and Mike Payne finished third in the district 3,200 meters, just out of the running. ",
"Ikels, Del^emos and Krause are all seniors.",
"\n“We have more seniors than I’ve had in five years here,” Simmonds said. \"",
"We have 18 seniors out for track.”",
"\nAmong those seniors are Stephen Millett, a sprinter; Brett Fey, a weight man who had some good\nSpring of 85\nNIB boys track\nperformances a year ago; and John Bryan, who hasn’t run track since setting a middle school records in the high jump and going 11-6 in the pole vault.",
"\nNew Braunfels will be strong in all the long-distance events, with the rapidly improving Payne running either the 800 and 1,600 or 1,600 and 3,200. ",
"Payne has improved his time in the 3,200 by 30 seconds just since last season.",
"\nAlso running the distance events will be Joe Reyes, Hector Hernandez and Marty Espinosa.",
"\n“I think the 1,600 and 3,200 will be good for us,” Simmonds said.",
"\nThe Unicorns have an assortment of good young hurdlers, the coach added.",
"\n“We have more hurdlers than I’ve ever had,” he noted. “",
"I don’t know whether or not they’ll be able to help us on the varsity, though.”",
"\nSophomore Kevin Walker, who moved in from Schulenburg, is one of the top candidates in the hurdles, Simmonds said.",
"\nNew Braunfels also has a collection\nof runners for the 400 meters, a weak spot for the Unicorns last season.",
"\n“I don’t know how fast we’re going to be there,” Simmonds said. “",
"There are going to be three of four teams at the district meet that will run a 3:22 or better (in the 1,600 relay), and that means we’ve got to have four kids who can run a 51 to beat ’em.”",
"\nIf the Unicorns can put together a competitive 1,600 relay, they might challenge Kerrville Tivy for the district title this season.",
"\n“We certainly have the opportunity because of the numbers we have and the good senior class,” Simmonds said. \"",
"We haven’t really had somebody come through with a great performance at district. ",
"That’s another reason I’m excited to be have such a big senior class and the district meet at home.",
"\n\"We’re due for a big performance.”",
"\nNew Braunfels opens the season Saturday at the Westlake Chaparral Relays.",
"Schedule\nOat* meet\nMarch 2 Westlake Chaparral Relays\nMarch 9 San Marcos Rattler Relays\nMarch 16 Kerrville Antler Relays\nMarch 23 Unicorn Relays\nMarch 30 Cougar Relays\nApril 5 New Braunfels triangular meet\nApril 13 South Austin Relays\nApril 20 District 13 4A meet NB\nPat Roche had a 30 to win the A flight of the I^nda Indies Golf Association’s T and F tournament last week at the luanda Park Golf Course.",
"\nCarol Beebe took the B flight with 33 and Addie Kriese won the C flight with 33.",
"\nFoursome takes Sunday Scramble\nD. Miller, J. Wehrle, Gwen Backerman and Jeannette Dilly shot a 64 to win the Sunday Scramble at the luanda Park Golf Course.",
"\nFifty-six players competed in the four-player team tournament.",
"\nSecond with 65 was the team of L. Rowan, E.N. Delashmutt, Verna Wilke and Addie Kriese. ",
"Third with 66 was the team of F. Wilke, C. Sluka, J. Pillot and Madalin Pillot.",
"\nTwo teams tied for fourth at 67: J. Bacek. ",
"H. DeVries, G. Ray and Myra Norris; and W. Meewees, R. Drummond, Sara Delashmutt and H. Mizner.",
"\nThe next Guys and Dolls tournament will be Thursday at 10 a.m.Alternate nines to be closed Mondays\nNine holes of the luanda Park Golf Course will be closed on Mondays for maintenance during the current growing season.",
"NBTA to hold tournament\nThe New Braunfels Tennis Association tournament scheduled for last week has been rescheduled for Saturday.",
"\nThe tournament, which will be held at the New Braunfels High School courts, will start at 9 a m. The entry fee is $3 and a new can of balls.",
"\nTo enter, call 629-1269 or 629-6112.",
"\nPillot sinks eagle at Landa\nMadalin Pillot of New Braunfels sank an eagle two on the par-4 No. ",
"18 hole at the luanda Park Golf Course last week.",
"\nHer shot was witnessed by partners Sylvia Halgren, Jessica Shaw and Johnnie Stewart.",
"\nderyi clark Mf raid zeitung Roche wins\nScoreboardSportsWorldOn the air\nTUESDAY TELEVISION\n7pm Wrestling. ",
"USA\n7 p m Basketball Pittsburgh al Syracuse. ",
"ESPN\n7 30 pm Soccer Minnesota at Wichita\nWGN\nWEDNESDAY TELEVISION\n6 30 p rn Basketball Chicago at Detroit. ",
"WGN\n7pm Basketball Vanderbilt at Mississippi. ",
"WTBS\n7 30 p rn Hockey Buffalo at St Louis. ",
"USA\n8 pm Basketball Georgetown at St John s. ESPN\nIO pm Basketball North Carolina at\nGeorgia Tech, ESPNLocal sports\nI *\n4 15 pm Baseball Smithson Valley at\nAntonian\n7pm - Baseball Canyon at Seguin 7 30 p rn. ",
"Boys' basketball New Braunfels vs Gregory Portland, regional playoff game, Kenedy High School\nWEDNESDAY\n5pm - Baseball Anderson at New Braunfels\nFRIDAY\nBaseball Canyon, Smithson Valley at Fredericksburg tournament\nSATURDAY I pm. — ",
"Baseball New Braunfels at San\nMarcos\nBoys' and girls' track: Canyon. ",
"New\nBreunfels. ",
"Smithson Valley at Westlake Chaparral Relays.",
"USFL stats\nShowboats Gunslingers\nMemphis......... 0 7 • 7“20\nSan Antonio.............0 0 3 0-1\nMEM - Moser 25 pass from Lewis (Duncan\nkick) 8;13 SAN - Mike Mayer 22 FG 6 40 MEM Crawford 35 pass from Lewis (Kick failed) 4.36\nMEM - Shirk 4 pass from Lewis IDunan kick) 14 25\nA 10,983\nMem San\nFirst downs 22 12\nRushes yards 45 243 21 75\nPassing yards 153 146\nReturn yards 49 66\nPasses 9170 13 26 1\nSacks By 3 4\nPunts........ 4 40 7 38\nFumbles lost , 2 1 3 2\nPenalties yards 4 25 2 10\nT ime of Possession 33 55 26 05\nINDIVIDUAL STATISTICS RUSHING Memphis. ",
"Williams 19 136, Sydney 1046, Lewis 3 22, Parker 2 5. ",
"Porter 6 20, O'Neal 5 14 San Antonio. ",
"Worthy 8 28. ",
"Canada 516, Stamper 617, Neuhersel 2 8. ",
"Roberts I 3 PASSING Memphis. ",
"Lewis 9 170 153 San Antonio. ",
"Neuheisel 13 26 I 146, Taylor 100 0 RECEIVING Memphis, Crawford 387, Mosel 347, Shirk 2.J, Rauth I 14 San Antonio. ",
"Worthy 3 35. ",
"Hadnot I 47, Hackett 2 25, Roberts 2 19. ",
"Canada 3 18, Stamper I 2 MISSED FIELD GOALS Duncan 44 blockedNBA\nBy The Associated Press EASTERN CONFERENCE Atlentic Division\nW L Pct GB\nBoston 46 12 793 —\nPhiladelphia 45 12 789 Vi\nWashington 30 28 517 16\nNew Jersey 28 29 491 17Vy\nNew York 19 38 333 26 v,\nCentrel Division\nMilwaukee.......... 39 18 684 —\nDetroit ............. 32 25 561 7\nChicago ........... 26 29 473 12\nAtlanta 24 32 429 14 Vi\nCleveland.......... 20 37 351 19\nIndiana..............18 XI 316 21\nWESTERN CONFERENCE Midwest Division\nDenver........... 36 21 832\nHouston ...... 33 23 589 2 Vi\nDallas ........... 32 25 561 4\nSan Antonio......... 28 29 491 8\nUtah ............ 27 30 474 9\nKansas City 18 38 321 17 Vi\nPacific Division\nL A Lakers 41 17 707\nPhoenix ............. 27 31 466 14\nPortland ......... 26 31 456 14 Vi\nSeattle.............. 25 32 439 15 Vi\nL A Clippers 22 35 386 18\nGolden State 13 44 228 27 'h\nMonday s Games No games scheduled Today's Games\nSan Antonio at New York Denver at Atlanta Cleveland at Chicago Philadelphia at Milwaukee Utah at Dallas Phoenix at Kansas City Houston at L A Lasers Seattle at Golden State L A Clippers at Portland Wednesday s Games San Antonio at Boston Atlanta at New Jersey Denver at Washington Chicago at Detroit New York at Indiana Milwaukee at Utah Houston at L A ClippersBaseball poll\nLAREDO (AP) Here is the Texas High School Baseball Coaches Association Laredo Morning Ti mot preseason baseball poll of teams across the state Last year's records ate given CLASS SA\n4 Graham\n5 Pi ait ila nd\n6 Gilmer .....\n7 Ingleside ......\n8 Goliad\n9 Lake Worth .......\n10 Alvarado .......\nCLASS2A\n1 Ore City .........\n2 Dripping Springs\n3 Frankston\n4 Southlake Carrol!",
"\n5 Hubbard .....\n6 Troy\n7. ",
"Pollok Central\n8 Riviera ........\n9 Palmer\n10 Leonard ........\nCLASS A\n1 Prosper ......\n2 Apple SptVaiiey Mills\n4 Runge ........\n5 Burton .........\n6 Salado .......\n7. ",
"Boyd ............\n8 Fayetteville\n9 Holland .........\n10 Gordon.........\n206 22 3 179 198 148 24 6 22 3\n234 1 188 26 I ll IO\n17 5 175\n17 ll 20 2 194 175\n254 157 153 15 8 166\n18 3 17 3 106 174\n43\n12\n7\n93\n318\n212\n31\n26\n7\n69\n278\n281\n30\n25\n7\n67\n280\n247\n28\n23\n11\n67\n276\n256\n18\n35\n8\n44\n211\n311\nNHL\nI Houston Bedene\n27 3\n2 Aliet Hasting*\n24 9\nBy The Associated Press\n3 Dallas Thom*# Jefferson\n298\nWALES CONFERENCE\n4 Pearland\n22 7\nPatrick Division\n5 Spring Westfield\n17 11\nW\nL\nT\nPts\nGF\nGA\n6 Abilene Cooper\n29 9\nWashington\n36\n16\n9\n81\n255\n181\n7 Houston Spring Woods\n27 7\nPhiladelphia\n36\n16\n7\n79\n254\n181\n8 Pasadena Sam Rayburn\n209\nNY Islanders\n32\n26\n4\n68\n280\n240\n9 FW Arlington Heights\n.....26 8\nNY Rangers\n20\n31\n9\n49\n224\n256\nIO Bra/oewood\n33 6\nPittsburgh ...\n20\n34\n5\n45\n209\n276\nCLASS4A\nNew Jersey\n18\n33\n8\n44\n200\n244\nI Austin Westlake\n......28 8\nAdams Division\n2 De Soto\n29 7\nMontreal\n31\n21\nIO\n72\n238\n206\n3 Bay City ...............\n244\nBuffalo\n28\n19\n12\n68\n216\n173\n4 Brazosport ..............\n. ",
"22 3\nQuebec\n30\n24\n8\n68\n256\n226\n5 Andrews.................\n......219\nSeaton\n26\n26\n8\n60\n218\n214\n6 CC Flow Bluff.............\n26 5\nHartford\n20\n33\n7\n47\n205\n260\n7 Everman . . . .............",
"\n282\nCAMPBELL CONFERENCE\n8 Branham\n......22 3\nNorrie Division\n9 Tomball\n21 6\nSt Louis\n29\n21\nIO\n68\n230\n219\n10 New Braunfels Canyon\n24 IO\nChicago\n29\n30\n4\n62\n242\n241\nCLASS 3A\nDetroit........\n18\n33\n11\n47\n226\nITI\nI Odem ..................\n246\nMinnesota\n18\n33\nll\n47\n211\n248\n2 Linden Kildare......\n......25 4\nToronto .......\n16\n40\n7\n37\n194\nITI\n3 Lufkin Hudson\n...... 30 2\nSmyths Division\nx Edmonton Winnipeg Calgary Los Angeles Vancouver\nx clinched playoff spot Monday's Games Winnipeg 12 N V Rangers 5 Minnesota 5 Pittsburgh 4 Chicago 4 Toronto 3. ",
"OT Today s Games\nPhiladelphia at Hartford Buffalo at New Jersey Vancouver at WashingtonCollege scores\nMonday's College Basketball By The Associated Press EAST\nBaptist 62. ",
"Utica 59 Brooklyn 84 Md E Shore 71 Bucknell 75 Lehigh 58 Connecticut 74 Boston Coil 68 Holy Cross 58 Fairfield 56 Howard 86 Delaware St 67 Northeastern 72 Siena 63 SOUTH\nAlabama St 74 Miss Valley St 72 Alcorn St 104 Prairie View 86 Citadel 69 VMI 53 E Kentucky 69 Austin Peay 62 E T*rv>esf.ee St 70 Mississippi 64 OT Florida ABM 100 Mercer 87 Jackson St 66 Grambling 44 Marshall 78 W Carolina 68 Memphis St 78 S Mississippi 63 Middle Tenn 71 Akron 63 Murray St 76 Morehead St 58 N Carolina ABT 66 Tannessee St 63 Nu holt* St 70 NW Louisiana 47 Pen American 74 Stetson 64 Richmond 82 American 63 Si I CkHttena 75 Stephen F Austin 72 tennessee Tech 64 Youngstown St 54 In k halt* Hvrga64 Appalachian St 69 Va Comm**’wealth 78 Old Dominion 66 V«g»nr* tech 78 South Carolina 67 W4kemlr Men 67 N C Wilmington 69 MiOWUT Butter 87. ",
"Indiana St bt\nI«b i7TSherrod wins Red Smith award\nDALlvAS (AP)- Blackie Sherrod has never been at a loss for words in his columns.",
"\nBut he found difficulty expressing himself Monday when he had learned he had won the prestigious Red Smith Award.",
"\nColumnist Sherrod, The Dallas Morning Nevus' ‘‘Sage of the Southwest,” was named by The Associated Press Sports Editors as the recipient of the prestigious Red Smith Award for sportswriting excellence.",
"\nSherrod. ",
"65. ",
"was named the winner at a board meeting of the APSE! ",
"in Tampa, Fla., “for an extended meritorious career in the art of sportswriting.",
"”Rice player tops SWC list\nDALLAS (AP — Rice’s Greg Hines, who scored 25 points in a 71*66 victory over Arkansas was named Southwest Conference player of the week Monday.",
"\nHines was eight of 12 from the field and hit nine free throws without a miss as Rice knocked Arkansas out of a mathematical shot at the conference championship. ",
"He also hit ten (rf ll free-throw attempts, while scoring 22, in the Owls’ IMI victory over Tarlatonjat*\nThe vi ta\n;"
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[
"Include prescription drug coverage in Medicare\n\nQ: Will you support or oppose allowing\nMedicare to use its bargaining power to negotiate lower prices for needed prescription drugs?",
"\n\nA: Including prescription drug coverage (Part D) to Medicare has added an important new benefit. ",
"However, the addition of Part D has created confusion.",
"\nMy legislation (S1581) known as the \"State Medicare Part D Assistance and Information Act\" establishes a toll-free hotline to respond to problems, and designates a Medicare Part D ombudsman inside the Department of Health and Senior Services.",
"\n\nSource: AARP Senate candidate questionnaire\nSep 29, 2006\n\nNo additional taxes for medical coverage\n\nQ: Do you favor raising taxes to cover the forty million Americans without medical coverage?",
"\n\nMENENDEZ: We must expand access to affordable healthcare for everyone. ",
"Unlike my opponent, I support limiting tax breaks for the wealthiest 1% to pay for it.",
"\n\nSource: Hall Institute N.J. Senate Virtual Debate\nSep 24, 2006\n\nAddress Medicaid by cost containment & reducing fraud\n\nQ: How should the nation pay for increasing Medicaid expenses?",
"\n\nKEAN: Given the tremendous fiscal burden that Medicaid places on the federal government, clear guidelines and fiscal rules, combined with state flexibility, could allow all parties to work\ntoward the equal challenge of containing ever-increasing Medicaid expenses. ",
"New Jersey must pursue non-traditional avenues of cost containment, including employing today's technological advancements to streamline paperwork, rooting out waste and fraud\nand utilizing disease management programs to improve outcomes.",
"\n\nMENENDEZ: Tom Kean Jr. and his friends in the Bush administration have chosen to create bigger and bigger federal deficits by granting tax breaks to giant corporations and the super-rich,\nrather than address the vital health care needs of America's families. ",
"No one should ever have to choose between filling their prescriptions and their refrigerator. ",
"Everyone deserves quality health care & access to vital medicine at an affordable price.",
"\n\nSource: Hall Institute N.J. Senate Virtual Debate\nSep 2, 2006\n\nMedicare needs bipartisan independent reforms\n\nQ: What current Medicaid coverages should be eliminated or reduced?",
"\n\nMENENDEZ: I'm working hard to move our nation from a disease-based health care system to a prevention-based system. ",
"Ultimately, we save both lives and money if we focus on prevention &\nearly diagnosis, as opposed to spending more to treat diseases once they've progressed. ",
"Last year, I wrote the Patient Navigator, Outreach & Chronic Disease Prevention Act. ",
"This bipartisan legislation guides patients through the healthcare maze, thus\nreducing costs and improving efficiency.",
"\n\nKEAN: How is it that a tenured Congressman can speak so little about how he's worked to build bipartisan coalitions? ",
"Bob Menendez has voted at least twice against providing a prescription drug benefit for\nMedicare, voted at least 3 times to cut $115 billion from the Medicare program and voted against creating tax-free Medical Savings Accounts for our seniors, families & working professionals. ",
"This is exactly why we need an independent reformer in Congress\n\nSupports individual Health Savings Accounts\n\nTom believes that all New Jerseyans should have access to quality, affordable health care, and Health Savings Accounts give many Americans that opportunity. ",
"HSA's empower individuals in their health care decisions and give them an asset that they own,\ncontrol and can use for their health care as they grow older. ",
"Tom has proposed making employers' contributions to HSAs not just tax-free but also tax-deductible."
] | {
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[
"Ir(ppy)3-Catalyzed, Visible-Light-Mediated Reaction of α-Chloro Cinnamates with Enol Acetates: An Apparent Halogen Paradox.",
"\nThe visible-light-mediated activation of vinyl chlorides derived from α-chloro ethyl cinnamates via oxidative quenching of excited photocatalyst fac-Ir(ppy)3 is described. ",
"Upon photoelectron transfer and chloride extrusion, the corresponding vinyl radical can be efficiently trapped by enol acetates, giving rise to synthetically useful 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields. ",
"This transformation is distinguished by mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions and can be performed on a multigram scale, in sharp contrast to contrasting α-bromo ethyl cinnamates, which show low conversion under the various conditions applied."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
0.0010368223302066326,
0.000677993637509644,
0.0007753171375952661,
0.0006042341119609773
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[
").",
"\nsqrt(19) + 190/9\nSimplify ((sqrt(250) - (sqrt(250) + (sqrt(250) - (sqrt(250)*-1 + sqrt(250))))) + sqrt(250))/((sqrt(2) + sqrt(32))*5).",
"\n0\nSimplify -2 + (5*sqrt(125))**2.",
"\n3123\nSimplify -3 + (((sqrt(72) - (sqrt(72)*1 - sqrt(72))) + sqrt(72) + 2)**2 - (sqrt(72)*-1 + -3 + sqrt(72))**2).",
"\n48*sqrt(2) + 280\nSimplify ((sqrt(1008) + 2*sqrt(1008) + sqrt(1008))*3 + 0)**2.",
"\n145152\nSimplify -3*(sqrt(34)/(sqrt(6)/sqrt(3)))**2 + 1.",
"\n-50\nSimplify (4 + sqrt(176)*-5)**2*5.",
"\n-800*sqrt(11) + 22080\nSimplify (sqrt(33)/(5*1*sqrt(11)))**2.",
"\n3/25\nSimplify sqrt(76)/sqrt(4) + 1 + -2.",
"\n-1 + sqrt(19)\nSimplify -1 + (2*sqrt(28) - sqrt(28)) + -5.",
"\n-6 + 2*sqrt(7)\nSimplify -5 + sqrt(5)*-2*3.",
"\n-6*sqrt(5) - 5\nSimplify -5*(sqrt(13) + -1) + (sqrt(117) - (sqrt(117) + 2 + sqrt(117))).",
"\n-8*sqrt(13) + 3\nSimplify sqrt(8) + (sqrt(512) - (1 + sqrt(512))) + -3.",
"\n-4 + 2*sqrt(2)\nSimplify (3*(sqrt(39)*-1*-3)/sqrt(3))**2.",
"\n1053\nSimplify sqrt(14)/(sqrt(567)*-2).",
"\n-sqrt(2)/18\nSimplify ((sqrt(13) + -3)*-2 - (sqrt(78)/sqrt(2))/sqrt(3))**2.",
"\n-36*sqrt(13) + 153\nSimplify ((sqrt(119) - (sqrt(119) + -2*sqrt(119)))*4)/sqrt(7).",
"\n8*sqrt(17)\nSimplify (sqrt(252) + -2 + sqrt(7) + 5)**2.",
"\n42*sqrt(7) + 352\nSimplify -5 + sqrt(539) + (sqrt(539) - (1 + sqrt(539)))**2.",
"\n-4 + 7*sqrt(11)\nSimplify (-4*(-1 + sqrt(300))*-4)**2.",
"\n-5120*sqrt(3) + 77056\nSimplify (sqrt(11) - (sqrt(11) + (sqrt(99)/sqrt(3))/sqrt(3)))*-1.",
"\nsqrt(11)\nSimplify (sqrt(18) - ((sqrt(2592) - 2*sqrt(2592)) + sqrt(18)))/(sqrt(1089)*-1).",
"\n-12*sqrt(2)/11\nSimplify -4 + ((sqrt(108)*-4 - sqrt(108))*2)**2.",
"\n10796\nSimplify (((sqrt(1100) + 1*sqrt(1100))*6 - sqrt(1100)) + 3*-2*sqrt(1100))**2.",
"\n27500\nSimplify (1 + 1*sqrt(1100)*-1)**2 + -1.",
"\n-20*sqrt(11) + 1100\nSimplify (1*sqrt(99)/sqrt(3) + sqrt(33))/(sqrt(11) + sqrt(11) + (2*sqrt(891) - sqrt(891))).",
"\n2*sqrt(3)/11\nSimplify 4 + (-5 + sqrt(3)*3 + sqrt(3))**2.",
"\n-40*sqrt(3) + 77\nSimplify (sqrt(117) - (2 + sqrt(117))) + sqrt(104)/sqrt(2).",
"\n-2 + 2*sqrt(13)\nSimplify (sqrt(8208)*2 - sqrt(57))/(sqrt(3) + sqrt(27) + sqrt(27)*-1 + sqrt(27)).",
"\n23*sqrt(19)/4\nSimplify sqrt(684)*2 - (sqrt(19) + sqrt(19) + (sqrt(2299) + (sqrt(2299) - (sqrt(2299)*-2 + sqrt(2299))))**2).",
"\n-20691 + 10*sqrt(19)\nSimplify 6*sqrt(38)/(sqrt(2) - (sqrt(2) + sqrt(8)/sqrt(4))).",
"\n-6*sqrt(19)\nSimplify (sqrt(504)/sqrt(8))**2*5.",
"\n315\nSimplify (1*-2*sqrt(85))/(sqrt(25)/sqrt(80)).",
"\n-8*sqrt(17)\nSimplify (-6*(sqrt(275) + (sqrt(275)*2 + sqrt(275))*-2 + -3))**2.",
"\n5400*sqrt(11) + 247824\nSimplify (4*sqrt(91)*-6 - sqrt(91))/sqrt(7)*-4.",
"\n100*sqrt(13)\nSimplify (sqrt(176) + 2)**2 + 4.",
"\n16*sqrt(11) + 184\nSimplify sqrt(528)/(sqrt(11) + sqrt(22)/sqrt(2))*1.",
"\n2*sqrt(3)\nSimplify -4 + -1*sqrt(245).",
"\n-7*sqrt(5) - 4\nSimplify (sqrt(76) - ((sqrt(76) - (sqrt(76)*1 + sqrt(76))*6) + sqrt(76)))/(sqrt(192)/sqrt(3)).",
"\n11*sqrt(19)/4\nSimplify (sqrt(90)/(sqrt(5) - sqrt(20)))/(sqrt(24)/((sqrt(4) - sqrt(36)) + sqrt(4))).",
"\nsqrt(3)\nSimplify 1 + 2 + -1*sqrt(17) + 5.",
"\n-sqrt(17) + 8\nSimplify -3*sqrt(84)/(4*sqrt(12)).",
"\n-3*sqrt(7)/4\nSimplify 3 + (sqrt(88) + sqrt(88) + sqrt(88) + 4*sqrt(88)*2)/sqrt(8) + 0.",
"\n3 + 11*sqrt(11)\nSimplify sqrt(18)/((sqrt(63)*4)/sqrt(7)).",
"\nsqrt(2)/4\nSimplify (4 + (sqrt(52)/sqrt(4))**2)*1 + -4.",
"\n13\nSimplify sqrt(20)/(4*sqrt(1000))*3.",
"\n3*sqrt(2)/40\nSimplify (sqrt(468) - -1*sqrt(468))/(2*sqrt(196)).",
"\n3*sqrt(13)/7\nSimplify -1 + -3 + (-2 + 0 + sqrt(3) + sqrt(3))**2.",
"\n-8*sqrt(3) + 12\nSimplify sqrt(228)/(sqrt(1200)*-2) + -5.",
"\n-5 - sqrt(19)/20\nSimplify (sqrt(176) - (1 + sqrt(176) + -1))**2*4.",
"\n0\nSimplify ((((sqrt(136) - sqrt(34) - sqrt(34)) + sqrt(34))*1)/(-2*sqrt(242)))**2.",
"\n17/484\nSimplify (sqrt(51)/(sqrt(3) + sqrt(147) + (sqrt(147) - sqrt(147)*-4 - sqrt(147)) + sqrt(147) + sqrt(3)))**2.",
"\n17/1936\nSimplify -3 + (sqrt(304) - (-1 + sqrt(304))*-3).",
"\n-6 + 16*sqrt(19)\nSimplify -1*(sqrt(5) + (sqrt(605) + 1 - sqrt(605) - sqrt(605))**2).",
"\n-606 + 21*sqrt(5)\nSimplify -2 + sqrt(13)*-2 + 0 + sqrt(13).",
"\n-sqrt(13) - 2\nSimplify (sqrt(200)*1*-6 - sqrt(200)) + 0 + -3.",
"\n-70*sqrt(2) - 3\nSimplify -1 + -1*sqrt(1088) + sqrt(1088) - ((sqrt(136) + 2*sqrt(136))/sqrt(8))**2*-2.",
"\n305\nSimplify (-1*sqrt(700) + -1)**2 + -5.",
"\n20*sqrt(7) + 696\nSimplify ((0 + sqrt(68))**2 - sqrt(68)) + 4.",
"\n-2*sqrt(17) + 72\nSimplify (sqrt(405) + sqrt(405) + 0 + 4 + sqrt(405) + sqrt(405))**2 - (sqrt(405) - (sqrt(405) + (5 + sqrt(405) + 2 - sqrt(405)))**2).",
"\n405*sqrt(5) + 6950\nSimplify -2 + (-1 + sqrt(17))**2*2 + 3.",
"\n-4*sqrt(17) + 37\nSimplify -5*((1 + sqrt(128))*2 + sqrt(128))**2.",
"\n-5780 - 480*sqrt(2)\nSimplify (((sqrt(50) + sqrt(200)/sqrt(4) + sqrt(50))*5)/(sqrt(10) + sqrt(1210)*2 + sqrt(1210)))**2.",
"\n1125/1156\nSimplify sqrt(720) + (sqrt(720)*-2)**2 + -3.",
"\n12*sqrt(5) + 2877\nSimplify (sqrt(175)*1*-1)**2 - 3*(sqrt(847) + (sqrt(847) - (-1 + sqrt(847) - sqrt(847))**2)).",
"\n-66*sqrt(7) + 178\nSimplify -2*sqrt(45)*2.",
"\n-12*sqrt(5)\nSimplify 5 + (sqrt(112) + 2)*6.",
"\n17 + 24*sqrt(7)\nSimplify (-5 + (sqrt(44)*-5*3)**2)*1.",
"\n9895\nSimplify (sqrt(245)*1*-6)**2.",
"\n8820\nSimplify 0 + (2 + sqrt(1700) - sqrt(1700)).",
"\n2\nSimplify (-4*(sqrt(88)*2*1)/sqrt(8))**2.",
"\n704\nSimplify ((1*sqrt(6300))**2 - sqrt(6300)) + sqrt(63) + -3.",
"\n-27*sqrt(7) + 6297\nSimplify sqrt(17)*-1 + -3 + sqrt(68)/sqrt(4) + 3 + sqrt(17).",
"\nsqrt(17)\nSimplify (4 + (sqrt(200) - -5*(0 + sqrt(200))))**2.",
"\n480*sqrt(2) + 7216\nSimplify ((sqrt(16)*3 - sqrt(16))*1)/(5*(sqrt(8) + sqrt(200))).",
"\nsqrt(2)/15\nSimplify (sqrt(17) + (sqrt(51)/sqrt(3)*6 - sqrt(17)) + -4 + -2)**2.",
"\n-72*sqrt(17) + 648\nSimplify ((sqrt(165)*2)/sqrt(11))/(2*sqrt(180)).",
"\nsqrt(3)/6\nSimplify 4 + (sqrt(1872) + 1 + sqrt(1872))**2 - -3*(1*sqrt(1872))**2.",
"\n48*sqrt(13) + 13109\nSimplify (sqrt(1088)*1 + -5 - sqrt(1088))**2 - (0 + sqrt(1088) + 1)**2.",
"\n-1064 - 16*sqrt(17)\nSimplify 2 + -3*(-1*sqrt(2448))**2 + -4.",
"\n-7346\nSimplify (sqrt(204) - 4*sqrt(204)*-6)/sqrt(12).",
"\n25*sqrt(17)\nSimplify (6*(3 + -2*sqrt(13) + 1 + 5))**2.",
"\n-1296*sqrt(13) + 4788\nSimplify (sqrt(196)/sqrt(144))/(-1*sqrt(42)/sqrt(6)).",
"\n-sqrt(7)/6\nSimplify (((sqrt(325) - (0 + sqrt(325)*-1)) + sqrt(325))*2 + 5)**2.",
"\n300*sqrt(13) + 11725\nSimplify -4 + -2 + sqrt(13) + 1.",
"\n-5 + sqrt(13)\nSimplify sqrt(175) + -3 + sqrt(175) + 0.",
"\n-3 + 10*sqrt(7)\nSimplify -2*(sqrt(91)/(sqrt(7)*3) + 5).",
"\n-10 - 2*sqrt(13)/3\nSimplify 5 + ((sqrt(350) - (sqrt(350)*-4 + sqrt(350)))/sqrt(10))/sqrt(5).",
"\n5 + 4*sqrt(7)\nSimplify sqrt(7) + sqrt(28) + sqrt(28)*3 + (-4*sqrt(84))/sqrt(12).",
"\n5*sqrt(7)\nSimplify 2 + (sqrt(144)*-1)/sqrt(2) + 1.",
"\n-6*sqrt(2) + 3\nSimplify 2 + (sqrt(192) + -1 - sqrt(192))**2 + -1.",
"\n2\nSimplify 2 + sqrt(363) + -5.",
"\n-3 + 11*sqrt(3)\nSimplify sqrt(130)/((sqrt(10) + -4*sqrt(10) + sqrt(10))*3).",
"\n-sqrt(13)/6\nSimplify ((sqrt(33)/sqrt(3)*5 - sqrt(11)) + 0 + sqrt(275) + sqrt(275))**2.",
"\n2156\nSimplify (sqrt(36)/(sqrt(18)/sqrt(2)))/(sqrt(2) - (sqrt(128) + (sqrt(128)*2 + sqrt(128) - sqrt(128)))).",
"\n-sqrt(2)/23\nSimplify (sqrt(6) + (sqrt(24)/sqrt(4) + sqrt(6) + sqrt(6))*-2)/((sqrt(3) - (1*sqrt(192) + sqrt(192))) + sqrt(3)).",
"\n5*sqrt(2)/14\nSimplify ((-1*(sqrt(228) + (sqrt(228) - 2*sqrt(228))) - sqrt(228))/((sqrt(132)*3)/sqrt(11)))**2.",
"\n19/9\nSimplify ((3*sqrt(7))**2 + 0 - sqrt(7)) + 4.",
"\n-sqrt(7) + 67\nSimplify -3*(sqrt(27) + 3 - (-3 + -2*sqrt(3))**2).",
"\n27*sqrt(3) + 54\nSimplify (sqrt(252)*2 + 5)**2*-6 + 1.",
"\n-6197 - 720*sqrt(7)\nSimplify (sqrt(50) - (sqrt(50) + sqrt(50)*2))*-6.",
"\n60*sqrt(2)\nSimplify (sqrt(133) - (sqrt(133) + -2*sqrt(133) + sqrt(133) - sqrt(133))*-5)/sqrt(7)*-2.",
"\n8*sqrt(19)\nSimplify (5*sqrt(30)/sqrt(2) - sqrt(15))/(5*sqrt(3)*2 - sqrt(3)).",
"\n4*sqrt(5)/9\nSimplify (sqrt(720)*1)**2 + -1.",
"\n719\nSimplify (sqrt(132)/(sqrt(24)/sqrt(2)) + sqrt(22)/(2*sqrt(2) + sqrt(2)) + sqrt(11))**2*6.",
"\n1078/3\nSimplify (2*sqrt(1872)*4 + -5)**2.",
"\n-960*sqrt(13) + 119833\nSimplify -3*-2*(4*sqrt(475) + sqrt(475))**2.",
"\n71250\nSimplify sqrt(35)/(sqrt(5) + 3*sqrt(10)/sqrt(2) + sqrt(5)) + -1.",
"\n-1 + sqrt(7)/5\nSimplify -2 + sqrt(8) + 1.",
"\n-1 + 2*sqrt(2)\nSimplify (sqrt(40)/sqrt(8))**2 + -1 + 0.",
"\n4\nSimplify (-5 + (sqrt(2057) - (sqrt(2057) + 2 + -1 - sqrt(2057)) - sqrt(2057)))*-2.",
"\n12\nSimplify 1*(sqrt(19) + 2 + -3).",
"\n-1 + sqrt(19)\nSimplify ((sqrt(288) - (sqrt(288) + 1)) + sqrt(8)*-1)**2.",
"\n4*sqrt(2) + 9\nSimplify (sqrt(684)*-1*6)**2 + 1.",
"\n24625\nSimplify (-6*5*(sqrt(162)/sqrt(6) - sqrt(27)))**2.",
"\n0\nSimplify 0 + sqrt(192)*2.",
"\n16*sqrt(3)\nSimplify (4 + sqrt(1300)*-1 + 4)**2.",
"\n-160*sqrt(13) + 1364\nSimplify (-3*(sqrt(85)/sqrt(5) + 0)*1)**2.",
"\n153\nSimplify (sqrt(6) - sqrt(72)/sqrt(3))/(sqrt(32)/sqrt(4)).",
"\n-sqrt(3)/2\nSimplify (-3*-3*(sqrt(405) + 5))**2.",
"\n7290*sqrt(5) + 3"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
} | [
0.0007776775164529681,
0.0009840051643550396,
0.0009137431043200195,
0.0010467332322150469,
0.0008708074456080794,
0.0007985723786987364,
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[
"Prospects for conversion of solar energy into chemical fuels: the concept of a solar fuels industry.",
"\nThere is, at present, no solar fuels industry anywhere in the world despite the well-publicized needs to replace our depleting stock of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. ",
"Many obstacles have to be overcome in order to store sunlight in the form of chemical potential, and there are severe barriers to surmount in order to produce energy on a massive scale, at a modest price and in a convenient form. ",
"It is also essential to allow for the intermittent nature of sunlight, its diffusiveness and variability and to cope with the obvious need to use large surface areas for light collection. ",
"Nonetheless, we have no alternative but to devise viable strategies for storage of sunlight as biomass or chemical feedstock. ",
"Simple alternatives, such as solar heating, are attractive in terms of quick demonstrations but are not the answer. ",
"Photo-electrochemical devices might serve as the necessary machinery by which to generate electronic charge but the main problem is to couple these charges to the multi-electron catalysis needed to drive energy-storing chemical reactions. ",
"Several potential fuels (CO, H₂, HCOOH, NH₃, O₂, speciality organics, etc.) ",
"are possible, but the photochemical reduction of CO₂ deserves particular mention because of ever-growing concerns about overproduction of greenhouse gases. ",
"The prospects for achieving these reactions under ambient conditions are considered herein."
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[
"Q:\n\nlua attempt to call global write (a nil value)\n\nI get lua error attempt to call global write (a nil value ) if I try to run this program, How to fix this ?",
"\npage = [[\n<html>\n<head>\n<title>Practing Lua</title>\n<body>\n<a href = \"http://lua.org\"> LUA</a>\n</body>\n</html>]]\nwrite(page)\n\nA:\n\nwrite isn't a pre-defined global lua function. ",
"you're probably looking for io.write instead?",
"\ni suggest reading the lua docs when you're looking for specific functionality from the built-in libraries.",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou can't. ",
"If write(page) is supposed to output HTML so it appears with links in different color, images visible etc rather than a marked up text, then write must be a function that sends the given text to an HTML renderer, such as a web browser. ",
"It is likely that code in your book is using the author's library to write to a web browser. ",
"If the author's intention is for you to follow the examples in book, the author likely made this library available from the book's website. ",
"Dig in the intro of book. ",
"\n\n"
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"Police didn't get a blood-alcohol level from Joshua Moll on Tuesday, but he failed a field sobriety test and slurred his speech, officials said.",
"\n\n\"If he did engage in this behavior, then it's ironic and unfortunate that he would have that lapse of judgment,\" said his attorney, Theodore Rechel.",
"\n\nSummer's surgery Tuesday was supposed to be routine, but doctors encountered complications, finding an infection beneath the metal plate in her head.",
"\n\nShe was awake and responsive Tuesday night in the intensive care unit at Tampa General Hospital. ",
"Initial results from a CAT scan after the surgery didn't show a puncture to Summer's brain, as feared, Rosian said.",
"\n\n\"She's talking,\" Rosian said. \"",
"She's coming along.\"",
"\n\nMeanwhile, Rosian said she hadn't heard from Summer's father. ",
"Joshua Moll was released from jail at 10:51 a.m., about 20 minutes after the surgery ended.",
"\n\nMoll was involved in a disturbance at the Rack in Hyde Park. ",
"After security asked him to leave, he was seen driving aggressively through the parking lot, according to the police report.",
"\n\nHe returned to the parking lot and was stopped by officers after driving erratically in a 2004 Dodge Ram with Texas plates. ",
"Moll made numerous threats during the arrest, according to the report.",
"\n\nMoll moved to Tampa from Texas to seek custody of Summer after the crash, but he and Rosian agreed to share custody. ",
"Under the agreement, Summer was to remain living with her grandmother in Brandon but would spend an increasing amount of time with her father and possibly live with him in the future.",
"\n\n\"When he wants to come over, the door is always open to him,\" Rosian said.",
"\n\nSummer and Rosian met with Moll for lunch Monday for about an hour, but Rosian said she also hoped Moll would stop by to see his daughter the night before her surgery. ",
"That didn't happen.",
"\n\n\"His DUI is the last thing on my mind,\" Rosian said, while waiting for Summer's CAT scan results. \"",
"He should have been thinking about his daughter last night instead of drinking.\"",
"\n\nA previously scheduled case management conference will be at 3 p.m. today, but attorneys said they don't expect Moll's arrest to change anything with the immediate custody of Summer.",
"\n\nEven if the details in the police report are true, Rechel said, that doesn't mean Moll is unfit to care for Summer.",
"\n\n\"There are a lot of people who have DUIs who parent their children,\" he said.",
"\n\nRosian sees it differently.",
"\n\n\"I have a feeling this is going to change things,\" she said.",
"\n\nKevin Smetana can be reached at ksmetana@sptimes.com or (813) 661-2439."
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[
"Q:\n\nOne-byte-off pointer still valid in C?",
"\n\nI might be mistaken, but I seem to remember that for a given memory allocation, e.g.\nchar *p = malloc(4);\n\nthe pointer p is a valid pointer for all bytes within the allocation and for the first byte beyond that allocation.",
"\nThus, to access memory through the pointer p only offsets p[0] .. p[3] are valid. ",
"But for pointer comparison &( p[4] ) would also be be a valid pointer.",
"\nIs that correct, and where in the C Standard (link) does it say so? ",
"It seems that 6.5.9 p6 might hint into the right direction for the answer, but it's a bit fuzzy still.",
"\n\nA:\n\n&p[4], or p + 4 is a valid pointer, but it can't be derefrenced.",
"\n\nC11 6.5.6 Additive operators\n[...] If both the pointer operand and the result point to elements of the same array object, or one past the last element of the array object, the evaluation shall not produce an overflow; otherwise, the behavior is undefined. ",
"If the result points one past the last element of the array object, it shall not be used as the operand of a unary * operator that is evaluated.",
"\n\nA:\n\nThis answer assumes that p is a char *.",
"\n\nbut for pointer comparison &( p[4] ) would be also be valid.",
"\n\nThe pointer p + 4 (or &( p[4] ) is valid for comparison to p + N when N is in {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} with <, <=, or ==. ",
"This is noted in C11 6.5.8:5:\n\nWhen two pointers are compared, the result depends on the relative locations in the address space of the objects pointed to. ",
"If two pointers to object types both point to the same object, or both point one past the last element of the same array object, they compare equal. ",
"If the objects pointed to are members of the same aggregate object, pointers to structure members declared later compare greater than pointers to members declared earlier in the structure, and pointers to array elements with larger subscript values compare greater than pointers to elements of the same array with lower subscript\n values. ",
"All pointers to members of the same union object compare equal. ",
"If the expression P points to an element of an array object and the expression Q points to the last element of the same array object, the pointer expression Q+1 compares greater than P. In all other cases, the behavior is undefined.",
"\n\nHowever, p+4 is not valid for comparison with == to, say, &X where X is another variable. ",
"This is (to the best of my C-standard deciphering) unspecified behavior. (",
"And of course none of p + N is valid for comparison with <= to &X.)\n\nTwo pointers compare equal if and only if both are null pointers, both are pointers to the same object (including a pointer to an object and a subobject at its beginning) or function, both are pointers to one past the last element of the same array object, or one is a pointer to one past the end of one array object and the other is a pointer to the start of a different array object that happens to immediately follow the first array object in the address space.109)\n109) Two objects may be adjacent in memory because they are adjacent elements of a larger array or adjacent members of a structure with no padding between them, or because the implementation chose to place them so, even though they are unrelated. ",
"If prior invalid pointer operations (such as accesses outside array bounds) produced undefined behavior, subsequent comparisons also produce undefined behavior.",
"\n(C11 6.5.9:6)\n\nStrictly speaking, the standard does not seem to say anywhere that p + 4 == NULL is defined either (EDIT: as rici pointed out, the only allowance for p + 4 to be equal to q is if q is “the start of a different array object that happens to immediately follow…”. ",
"Since NULL is not the address of any object, it follows that p + 4 == NULL is false).",
"\nThis blog post looks at this and other pointer comparisons in C.\n\n"
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[
"Q:\n\nAlice Term Paper Question\n\nAlice searches for her term paper in her filing cabinet. ",
"which has several\ndrawers. ",
"She knows that she left her term paper in drawer $j$ with probability $p_j$ > $0$.\nThe drawers are so messy that even if she correctly guesses that the term paper is in\ndrawer $i$. the probability that she finds it is only $d_i$ . ",
"Alice searches in a particular\ndrawer. ",
"say drawer $i$ . ",
"but the search is unsuccessful. ",
"Conditioned on this event, show\nthat the probability that her paper is in drawer $j$, is given by\n\\begin{cases}\n\\cfrac{p_j}{1-p_id_i} & \\text{if $j \\neq i$},\\\\ \n\\cfrac{p_i(1-d_i)}{1-p_id_i} & \\text{if $j = i$}\n\\end{cases}\n\nI followed that approach, and I couldn't find anything.",
"\nSorry for grammatical mistakes.",
"\n\nA:\n\nLet $F$ be the event that she fails to find the paper in drawer $i$, and $I$ be the event that the paper is in drawer $I$.\nThen $p(F|I)=p_i(1-d_i)$ and $p(F|\\text{not }I)=1-p_i$. Hence $$p(I|F)=\\frac{p(F|I)}{p(F|I)+p(F|\\text{not }I)}=\\frac{p_i(1-d_i)}{p_i(1-d_i)+(1-p_i)}=\\frac{p_i(1-d_i)}{1-p_id_i}$$ So the prob that it is not in drawer $i$ after her search of that drawer is $$1-\\frac{p_i(1-d_i)}{1-p_id_i}=\\frac{1-p_i}{1-p_id_i}$$ Clearly her search of drawer $i$ does not affect the ratios of the other probabilities to each other, so the probability of finding it in drawer $j\\ne i$ becomes $$\\frac{p_j}{1-p_id_i}$$\n\n"
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[
"The present invention relates to the generation of monoclonal antibodies and their use in identifying or characterizing human renal cancer antigens. ",
"This is a useful diagnostic tool in the detection of renal cancer as well as the study of the nature of renal cancer. ",
"Immunofluorescent or enzymatic tagging agents can be bound to the highly specific antibodies using normal procedures, as required for indexing methods. ",
"Cytotoxic agents can also be bound to the highly specific antibodies to produce so called \"magic bullet\" type therapeutic agents which selectively destroy the cells with which the specific antibody binds.",
"\nWe recently described our initial analysis of cell surface antigens of human malignant melanoma identified by mouse monoclonal antibodies (Abs)(Dippold et al. ",
"Proc. ",
"Natl. ",
"Acad. ",
"Sci. ",
"USA 77, 6114-6118 (1980)). ",
"This invention relates to a comparable analysis of human renal cancer."
] | {
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[
"package drds\n\n//Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n//you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.",
"\n//You may obtain a copy of the License at\n//\n//http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n//\n//Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n//distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n//WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.",
"\n//See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n//limitations under the License.",
"\n//\n// Code generated by Alibaba Cloud SDK Code Generator.",
"\n// Changes may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if the code is regenerated.",
"\n\n// RdsOrderDOListItem is a nested struct in drds response\ntype RdsOrderDOListItem struct {\n\tRegionId string `json:\"RegionId\" xml:\"RegionId\"`\n\tAzoneId string `json:\"AzoneId\" xml:\"AzoneId\"`\n\tEngine string `json:\"Engine\" xml:\"Engine\"`\n\tVersion string `json:\"Version\" xml:\"Version\"`\n\tInstanceClass string `json:\"InstanceClass\" xml:\"InstanceClass\"`\n\tDbInstanceStorage string `json:\"DbInstanceStorage\" xml:\"DbInstanceStorage\"`\n\tNetwork string `json:\"Network\" xml:\"Network\"`\n\tNum int64 `json:\"Num\" xml:\"Num\"`\n}\n"
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[
"Axios is reporting that congressional Republican have compiled a master list of more than 100 potential investigations into the Trump administration that could be launched by Democrats if they regain the House of Representatives in the midterm elections.",
"\n\nAmong the items Axios claims are on the list:\n\nPresident Trump’s tax returns Trump family businesses — and whether they comply with the Constitution’s emoluments clause, including the Chinese trademark grant to the Trump Organization [...] The payment to Stephanie Clifford—a.k.a. ",
"Stormy Daniels James Comey’s firing Trump’s firing of U.S. attorneys [...] Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin’s business dealings White House staff’s personal email use Cabinet secretary travel, office expenses, and other misused perks Discussion of classified information at Mar-a-Lago Jared Kushner’s ethics law compliance Dismissal of members of the EPA board of scientific counselors [...] Family separation policy Hurricane response in Puerto Rico [...] White House security clearances\n\nThe sheer length of the list, excerpted here, underscores the dereliction of the current Congress, which has a constitutional duty to provide oversight of the administration. ",
"Notably, many of the items under investigation aren’t even partisan but should be matters of concern to Republicans as well as Democrats. ",
"After all, there is no ideological reason for Republicans to ignore security breaches in Mar-a-Lago, the adequacy of the response of hurricanes in Puerto Rico, or possible violations of the emoluments clause. ",
"These are matters elected officials of any political coloration should care about.",
"\n\nWhile the Trump administration has been plagued by scandal, there’s a real sense in which we’ve only so far seen the tip of the iceberg. ",
"The Mueller investigation has been close-lipped and Congress hasn’t held the kind of open subpoena-powered hearings that could expose real corruption. ",
"All this could change in November."
] | {
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"Primary Menu\n\nPratibha Joshi\n\nPratibha wants to play a meaningful role in the development of the SME sector, presently she has set her focus on India. ",
"She is interested in understanding small businesses and entrepreneurs – what leads to their success, their life-cycle and contribution to the economy. ",
"She has completed her Master’s in Public Administration and International Development from Harvard Kennedy School, and undergrad studies in Singapore."
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"// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+\n/*\n * Copyright 2018 NXP\n */\n\n&qspi {\n\tflash0: n25q256a@0 {\n\t\tcompatible = \"jedec,spi-nor\";\n\t};\n};"
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[
"This uptick occurred as other types of writing became less profitable. ",
"During the same period, a survey of 1,095 Authors Guild members found that their median income from writing fell by at least 30%.",
"\n\nClearly, romance writers know something that other authors, and many struggling freelancers, don’t. ",
"The one-third of American workers toiling in the gig economy can learn a few lessons from them.",
"\n\nSome 57.3 million US workers freelanced in 2016, according to research firm Edelman Intelligence. ",
"Economists Lawrence Katz and Alan Krueger found that 15.8% of Americans work in “alternative work arrangements” (freelancing, contracting, temp work, etc.), ",
"up from 9.1% in 1995. ",
"In fact, they found that all net job growth in the US from 2005 to 2015 came from such work.",
"\n\nIf you’re not already freelancing, you may be soon. ",
"Edelman predicts that given current growth rates, more than half of the American workforce will freelance by 2027.",
"\n\nExperts don’t agree whether this trend is good or bad for workers and the economy. ",
"The freedom is nice but freelancing often pays poorly."
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[
"Primary Prevention of Food Allergy.",
"\nFood allergy is estimated to affect approximately 8% of children in the USA. ",
"This is a disease without any known treatment or cure and, for some, a disease that can be quite severe, even life-threatening. ",
"While recent advances in potential treatment have made remarkable strides, with two food-targeted immunotherapy products now in phase III trials, perhaps the biggest gains in the field have come in the advent of potential preventative strategies to avoid the development of food allergy in high-risk individuals. ",
"There have been multiple, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) performed in the past 5 years that have demonstrated significant risk reduction from early allergen introduction. ",
"These include two trials for early peanut introduction and five trials for early egg introduction in the first year of life. ",
"The results indicate that primary prevention of food allergy through early allergen introduction may represent a strategy that could potentially avert tens of thousands of children from becoming food allergic. ",
"In support of the data for peanut, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases recently sponsored an addendum to the 2010 food allergy guidelines, specifically recommending peanut be introduced in both high- and standard-risk infants to reduce the risk of developing peanut allergy. ",
"To date, no formal recommendations have been made for egg, however. ",
"This review will focus on the latest evidence supporting early introduction as a strategy to prevent food allergy, as well as on practical aspects for its successful implementation."
] | {
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"Why am I here? ",
"Who am I? ",
"What is my life’s purpose? ",
"What is God’s will for my life? ",
"These are the types of questions I often hear in my work as a college and career counselor. ",
"Much of my day is spent helping young adults (ages 17 to 25) sort through their confusion and find meaningful direction for … [Read more...]\n\nThe November 2008 issue of the Texas Home School Coalition REVIEW included an article I had written, “What Motivates Your Child?” ",
"In this article I encouraged parents to pay attention to what their children noticed or indicated as needing to be done differently and to be alert to that about which … [Read more...]\n\nEvery summer I have the opportunity to speak at book fairs and home school retreats in different parts of the country. ",
"Besides providing a unique opportunity for my family to travel, among the best things about speaking at these conferences are the wonderful people we get to meet and the interesting … [Read more...]\n\nAre your children good at asking questions? ",
"If you have a toddler in your home, then your answer is probably a resounding, “YES!” ",
"It may seem that you are constantly being bombarded with the most basic of all questions: the simple, “Why?” ",
"As your children move into their kindergarten and elementary … [Read more...]\n\nIn the November 1999, issue of the Texas Home School Review, I wrote an article titled What are Your Plans after High School? ",
"I emphasized that many high school and college-aged students are confused about their career/life direction. ",
"Most do not have enough information, about themselves and the … [Read more...]\n\nAsk most young people what they plan to do after high school graduation and you will usually get one of two answers: \"I have no idea,\" or \" I definitely want to be a doctor, lawyer, auto mechanic, truck driver, etc.\" ",
"For those of you who fall into the \"I have no idea\" category, talking to peers who … [Read more...]"
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[
"THIS state election was meant to represent a historic political breakthrough for the NSW Greens - instead they have lost credibility, ground and influence, becoming even more ineffectual.",
"\n\nFederal Greens leader Bob Brown yesterday conceded the party had failed to win the seat of Marrickville, their chance at victory ruined by candidate and Mayor Fiona Byrne 's controversial support for a boycott on Israel.",
"\n\nIn the seat of Balmain, where the Greens were expected to romp it in and win their first seat in the NSW Lower House, their candidate Jamie Parker is trailing 86 votes behind Labor's Verity Firth.",
"\n\nHowever Mr Brown insisted the results were better than expected, with the Greens increasing their vote and gaining an extra MP in the Upper House - even if they no longer held the balance of power.",
"\n\n\"This is a record vote in both houses of Parliament for the Greens,\" he said.",
"\n\n\"When it comes to the Lower House it does look very, very difficult to win Marrickville now.",
"\n\n\"I would give it to Jamie Parker to win that seat [Balmain] and that will be a real innovation for The Greens.\"",
"\n\nWhile Labor and independents were \"decimated\" the Greens increased their vote by 2 per cent, now totalling 11 per cent.",
"\n\nThey now have five MPs in the Upper House with stonemason Jeremy Buckingham, from Orange, elected.",
"\n\nMr Brown admitted the NSW Greens would need to assess what went wrong with their campaign, particularly in the seat of Marrickville.",
"\n\nHe said there was no doubt the controversy surrounding Ms Byrne's comments and support for Israeli goods to be boycotted ruined their chances in the seat.",
"\n\n\"I think it [the call for a boycott] had an effect on it and that's my feedback from the electorate.",
"\n\n\"It [a boycott on Israel] is not national Greens policy. ",
"It will be up to NSW Greens to have a look at Marrickville.\"",
"\n\nThe result in Balmain won't be known for days but the Greens were still hopeful Mr Parker would win.",
"\n\nIn the lead up to the election Mr Parker, who is also the Mayor of Leichhardt, accused Labor of a dirty tricks campaign after it was revealed he was involved in companies promoting products Horny Goat Weed and Fat Blaster.",
"\n\nMr Parker did not appear at a media conference yesterday. ",
"Instead upper house MP David Shoebridge defended the Greens' performance, putting a brave shine on what was really a lacklustre political performance.",
"\n\n\"There is still a very strong prospect of the Greens having that historic breakthrough in the Lower House,\" he said.",
"\n\n\"The NSW Greens have grown our vote in the Lower House and Upper House.",
"\n\n\"That is an historic outcome for the Greens.\"",
"\n\nSource: TheTelegraph.com.au\n\nOriginally published as Greens fail to reach greener pasture"
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[
"Q:\n\nCannot login to virtualmin, even with working root password\n\nI have recently installed virtualmin on ubuntu 10.04 (64bit server edition), using the install.sh method.",
"\nEverything worked fine, and I logged in using the root username/password combo via http://my.server:10000\nI came back a day later, and could not login anymore. ",
"No error messages (such as \"invalid login details\") were shown, and the /var/webmin/miniserv.error log showed no error messages (not even an invalid login attempt)\nAfter much searching, I stopped apache, and changed the default port virtualmin listened on to port 80 by modifying the file /etc/webmin/miniserv.conf and updating port & listen to 80;\nport=80\n...\nlisten=80\n...\n\nThis correctly allowed me to view the login page at http://my.server:80, however it had no effect on ability to log in.",
"\nSo, I attempted to update my root password using:\n/usr/share/webmin/changepass.pl /etc/webmin root ROOTPASSWORD\n/etc/init.d/webmin restart\n\nThis also had no effect.",
"\nI'm running out of ideas here, and would love any suggestions on how to log into virtualmin once again.",
"\nPoints to note:\n - This is on a remote server, to which I can successfully ssh using the root username/password combination.",
"\n - Once I attempt to login at http://my.server:80, it redirects me to http://my.server:80/webmin/session_login.cgi (the same login page)\n\nUpdate 3rd May;\nI can semi-access Virtuamin after editing /etc/webmin/miniserv.conf and changing session=1 to session=0.",
"\nIt allows me to login correctly using the root password.",
"\nThe problem now is it appears there are missing images, no javascript loading, and most links show a \"Error - file not found\" error message (not a browser error, but the server serving up the error).",
"\nThe investigation is on-going...\n\nUpdate 3rd May part 2;\nA tentative solution;\nI ran ./install.sh --uninstall, then sudo apt-get remove webmin*. ",
"This fully uninstalled virtaulmin followed by webmin.",
"\nI then ran ./install.sh and everything seems to be working again. ",
"I will wait to create an answer specifically for this as it took a day for it to stop working last time.",
"\n\nA:\n\nThe final solution; I ran ./install.sh --uninstall, then sudo apt-get remove webmin*. ",
"This fully uninstalled virtaulmin followed by webmin.",
"\nI then ran ./install.sh and everything is working again.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Inflammatory cytokines and cytokine antagonists in whole blood cultures of patients with systemic juvenile chronic arthritis.",
"\nIn the present study, we investigated the kinetics and the activation thresholds for the production of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine antagonists in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated whole blood cultures of 13 patients with systemic juvenile chronic arthritis (SJCA) and 10 healthy children. ",
"In unstimulated cultures, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were undetectable in both groups, suggesting that there was no spontaneous production of these cytokines by circulating leucocytes. ",
"The activation thresholds for the production of these cytokines, as well as the capacity for production, did not differ significantly between patients and controls. ",
"The level of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in plasma of the patients was significantly elevated, while the in vitro production of IL-1ra was essentially normal and it did not correlate with plasma levels of IL-1ra. ",
"Supernatant levels of soluble TNF-alpha receptor (sTNF-R) I and II were both significantly elevated and correlated with the global activity score. ",
"In contrast, the supernatant levels of IL-10 were reduced in both PHA- and LPS-driven cultures. ",
"Although IL-10 levels did not correlate with laboratory or clinical indices of disease activity, the results suggest that reduced IL-10 production may play a pathogenetic role in SJCA."
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