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[ "Q:\n\nIs opacity a valid key for \\includegraphics?", "\n\nI am trying to compile a beamer presentation featuring the following line:\n{\\includegraphics[width=\\paperwidth, height=\\headheight, opacity=0.25]{heads/head3.jpg}}\n\nNo errors occur in my ubuntu installation where I have installed texlive-full. ", "However, in another machine where I use Fedora and I have installed texlive-scheme-full I get the following error:\n! ", "Package keyval Error: opacity undefined.", "\n\nDoes anyone know if I am missing a package? ", "Is there anything else I can do to get it to work without removing this line?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe following compiles also fine in my Ubuntu machine:\n\\includegraphics[width=\\paperwidth, height=\\headheight, baby=0.25]{heads/test}\n\nSeems that Fedora has a more up to date version of graphicx package (and/or of some other related package) that does not contain the bug. (", "Obviously, \"baby\" does not belong in the keyval options for includegraphics, but the version of graphicx that comes with Ubuntu installations just ignores the issue without even a warning.)", "\nFor what it's worth, my Ubuntu installation is quite old, in particular, 10.04, but generally an up to date Fedora has more recent versions of packages than an up to date Ubuntu.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "SPL\n\nWhen physicist Leonard Susskind gives talks these days, he often wears a black T-shirt proclaiming “I ♥ Complexity”. ", "In place of the heart is a Mandelbrot set, a fractal pattern widely recognized as a symbol for complexity at its most beautiful.", "\n\nThat pretty much sums up his message. ", "The 74-year-old Susskind, a theorist at Stanford University in California, has long been a leader in efforts to unify quantum mechanics with the general theory of relativity — Albert Einstein's framework for gravity. ", "The quest for the elusive unified theory has led him to advocate counter-intuitive ideas, such as superstring theory or the concept that our three-dimensional Universe is actually a two-dimensional hologram. ", "But now he is part of a small group of researchers arguing for a new and equally odd idea: that the key to this mysterious theory of everything is to be found in the branch of computer science known as computational complexity.", "\n\nThis is not a subfield to which physicists have tended to look for fundamental insight. ", "Computational complexity is grounded in practical matters, such as how many logical steps are required to execute an algorithm. ", "But if the approach works, says Susskind, it could resolve one of the most baffling theoretical conundrums to hit his field in recent years: the black-hole firewall paradox, which seems to imply that either quantum mechanics or general relativity must be wrong. ", "And more than that, he says, computational complexity could give theorists a whole new way to unify the two branches of their science — using ideas based fundamentally on information.", "\n\nBehind a firewall\n\nIt all began 40 years ago, when physicist Stephen Hawking at the University of Cambridge, UK, realized that quantum effects would cause a black hole to radiate photons and other particles until it completely evaporates away.", "\n\nAs other researchers were quick to point out, this revelation brings a troubling contradiction. ", "According to the rules of quantum mechanics, the outgoing stream of radiation has to retain information about everything that ever fell into the black hole, even as the matter falling in carries exactly the same information through the black hole's event horizon, the boundary inside which the black hole's gravity gets so strong that not even light can escape. ", "Yet this two-way flow could violate a key law of quantum mechanics known as the no-cloning theorem, which dictates that making a perfect copy of quantum information is impossible.", "\n\nHappily, as Susskind and his colleagues observed1 in 1995, nature seemed to sidestep any such violation by making it impossible to see both copies at once: an observer who remains outside the horizon cannot communicate with one who has fallen in. ", "But in 2012, four physicists at the University of California, Santa Barbara — Ahmed Almheiri, Donald Marolf, Joseph Polchinski and James Sully, known collectively as AMPS — spotted a dangerous exception to this rule2. ", "They found a scenario in which an observer could decode the information in the radiation, jump into the black hole and then compare that information with its forbidden duplicate on the way down.", "\n\nAMPS concluded that nature prevents this abomination by creating a blazing firewall just inside the horizon that will incinerate any observer — or indeed, any particle — trying to pass through. ", "In effect, space would abruptly end at the horizon, even though Einstein's gravitational theory says that space must be perfectly continuous there. ", "If AMPS's theory is true, says Raphael Bousso, a theoretical physicist at the University of California, Berkeley, “this is a terrible blow to general relativity”.", "\n\nDoes not compute\n\nFundamental physics has been in an uproar ever since, as practitioners have struggled to find a resolution to this paradox. ", "The first people to bring computational complexity into the debate were Stanford’s Patrick Hayden, a physicist who also happens to be a computer scientist, and Daniel Harlow, a physicist at Princeton University in New Jersey. ", "If the firewall argument hinges on an observer's ability to decode the outgoing radiation, they wondered, just how hard is that to do?", "\n\nImpossibly hard, they discovered. ", "A computational-complexity analysis showed that the number of steps required to decode the outgoing information would rise exponentially with the number of radiation particles that carry it. ", "No conceivable computer could finish the calculations until long after the black hole had radiated all of its energy and vanished, along with the forbidden information clones. ", "So the firewall has no reason to exist: the decoding scenario that demands it cannot happen, and the paradox disappears.", "\n\n“The black hole's interior is protected by an armour of computational complexity.”", "\n\nHayden was sceptical of the result at first. ", "But then he and Harlow found much the same answer for many types of black hole3. “", "It did seem to be a robust principle,” says Hayden: “a conspiracy of nature preventing you from performing this decoding before the black hole had disappeared on you.”", "\n\nThe Harlow–Hayden argument made a big impression on Scott Aaronson, who works on computational complexity and the limits of quantum computation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. “", "I regard what they did as one of the more remarkable syntheses of physics and computer science that I've seen in my career,” he says.", "\n\nIt also resonated strongly among theoretical physicists. ", "But not everyone is convinced. ", "Even if the calculation is correct, says Polchinski, “it is hard to see how one would build a fundamental theory on this framework”. ", "Nevertheless, some physicists are trying to do just that. ", "There is a widespread belief in the field that the laws of nature must somehow be based on information. ", "And the idea that the laws might actually be upheld by computational complexity — which is defined entirely in terms of information — offers a fresh perspective.", "\n\nIt certainly inspired Susskind to dig deeper into the role of complexity. ", "For mathematical clarity, he chose to make his calculations in a theoretical realm known as anti-de Sitter space (AdS). ", "This describes a cosmos that is like our own Universe in the sense that everything in it, including black holes, is governed by gravity. ", "Unlike our Universe, however, it has a boundary — a domain where there is no gravity, just elementary particles and fields governed by quantum physics. ", "Despite this difference, studying physics in AdS has led to many insights, because every object and physical process inside the space can be mathematically mapped to an equivalent object or process on its boundary. ", "A black hole in AdS, for example, is equivalent to a hot gas of ordinary quantum particles on the boundary. ", "Better still, calculations that are complicated in one domain often turn out to be simple in the other. ", "And after the calculations are complete, the insights gained in AdS can generally be translated back into our own Universe.", "\n\nIncreasing complexity\n\nSusskind decided to look at a black hole sitting at the centre of an AdS universe, and to use the boundary description to explore what happens inside a black hole's event horizon. ", "Others had attempted this and failed, and Susskind could see why after he viewed the problem through the lens of computational complexity. ", "Translating from the boundary of the AdS universe to the interior of a black hole requires an enormous number of computational steps, and that number increases exponentially as one moves closer to the event horizon4. ", "As Aaronson puts it, “the black hole's interior is protected by an armour of computational complexity”.", "\n\nFurthermore, Susskind noticed, the computational complexity tends to grow with time. ", "This is not the increase of disorder, or entropy, that is familiar from everyday physics. ", "Rather, it is a pure quantum effect arising from the way that interactions between the boundary particles cause an explosive growth in the complexity of their collective quantum state.", "\n\nIf nothing else, Susskind argued, this growth means that complexity behaves much like a gravitational field. ", "Imagine an object floating somewhere outside the black hole. ", "Because this is AdS, he said, the object can be described by some configuration of particles and fields on the boundary. ", "And because the complexity of that boundary description tends to increase over time, the effect is to make the object move towards regions of higher complexity in the interior of the space. ", "But that, said Susskind, is just another way of saying that the object will be pulled down towards the black hole. ", "He captured that idea in a slogan4: “Things fall because there is a tendency toward complexity.”", "\n\nAnother implication of increasing complexity turns out to be closely related to an argument5 that Susskind made last year in collaboration with Juan Maldacena, a physicist at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, and the first researcher to recognize the unique features of AdS. According to general relativity, Susskind and Maldacena noted, two black holes can be many light years apart yet still have their interiors connected by a space-time tunnel known as a wormhole. ", "But according to quantum theory, these widely separated black holes can also be connected by having their states 'entangled', meaning that information about their quantum states is shared between them in a way that is independent of distance.", "\n\nAfter exploring the many similarities between these connections, Susskind and Maldacena concluded that they were two aspects of the same thing — that the black hole's degree of entanglement, a purely quantum phenomenon, will determine the wormhole's width, a matter of pure geometry.", "\n\nWith his latest work, Susskind says, it turns out that the growth of complexity on the boundary of AdS shows up as an increase in the wormhole's length. ", "So putting it all together, it seems that entanglement is somehow related to space, and that computational complexity is somehow related to time.", "\n\nSusskind is the first to admit that such ideas by themselves are only provocative suggestions; they do not make up a fully fledged theory. ", "But he and his allies are confident that the ideas transcend the firewall paradox.", "\n\n“I don't know where all of this will lead,” says Susskind. “", "But I believe these complexity–geometry connections are the tip of an iceberg.”" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nReact Native - Set foreground color of View\n\nI want to set foreground color of View so that I can achieve something like this - \n\nExample: \n<View style={{ foregroundColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)' }}>\n //...\n</View>\n\nA:\n\nWhy not use backgroundColor?", "\n<View style={{ backgroundColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)' }}>\n // Your red button here\n</View>\n\nThis would produce the desired result.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Old People and Theater (VIGIL at Lantern)\n\nI began to attend Philadelphia theater in earnest about a decade ago, in my early mid-twenties. ", "Consistently, my companion and I would be the youngest people in an audience made up mostly of gray-haired, well-dressed white couples. ", "Now in my mid-thirties, I feel less of a demographic anomaly, my increasingly salted salt-and-pepper hair blending into the aging crowd. ", "But just as going to an indie rock show at the TLA can make me feel decidedly old, certain theater crowds still make me feel teenager-ly young.", "\n\nMemorable cases of this included a show at the Walnut Street Theatre, during which several older audience members received (and took!) ", "cell phone calls in the middle of the show, and I had to endure the distraction of several wives seated near me provided hearing-assisted recaps for their hard-of-hearing husband. ", "But this fact was really brought home to me at a Lantern Theater Company performance of Vigil by Morris Panych.*", "\n\nIt wasn’t that the audience at the Lantern was particularly superannuated—several youngish couples were camped among the standard middle-aged theatergoers—it was that the dryly comic subject matter, which I found hilariously dark, fell flat to the older patrons around me.", "\n\nQuickly paced with an abundance of droll one-liners (“Why are you putting on makeup? ", "Why don’t you let the mortician do that?”), ", "absurd monologues (on cross-dressing, religious guilt, and a disillusioned magician father), and even farcical slapstick, Vigil won its author Vancouver’s top award for best play. ", "A British adaptation (the Lantern’s source, judging by the language and cultural references, but thankfully not any attempted accents) won critical acclaim at the Edinburgh Fringe. ", "So it’s not as if the play didn’t have what it needed to be a success, and it was hard to see how the production, which featured Lenny Haas and Cael Phelan in spot-on performances, could have better served the material. ", "Perhaps Vigil would be better received at Philadelphia’s own Fringe, where audiences are generally younger in age and more comically inclined. ", "Because, unfortunately for the Lantern, much of the humor—laughter in the face of mortality—came at the expense of the old.", "\n\nThe audience’s reaction was mixed, with some people laughing and others sitting in unamused silence. ", "Of course, humor is subjective, and what is a series of laughs to one person can be interminably unfunny to another. ", "If you only read published reviews, you might assume there has never been a good production of a comedy in the city, so anti-humor is the criticism in town. ", "Certainly, when a play is advertised as “darkly funny,” I often discover that means “not funny” (I thought the recent August: Osage County at the Arden was a good exception.) ", "Perhaps I was just more sympathetic than most to Vigil’s wicked humor, but the timing and absence of others’ laughter makes me think it was a generational problem.", "\n\nLast decade, my regular theater companion was a French live-in girlfriend, who criticized the age of Philadelphia play audiences with irritatingly justified Gallic arrogance, claiming that Parisian theaters offer five euro tickets to all buyers under 25-years-old. ", "I’m sure hundreds of arts management theses have been written about this topic, and I suspect that that outreach efforts need to reach even younger viewers. (", "My own love of theater, piqued by annual holiday pantomimes, was cemented when I saw a performance of the Royal Shakespeare Company at the age of eleven.)", "\n\nTheater audiences are generally upper middle-aged, running to elderly at the more established (read: expensive) theaters in town. (", "Though even many of the smaller theaters can be obnoxiously overpriced.) ", "This would seem inauspicious for the future of the craft, but it could just be that social activities which seem fun in our twenties (loud rock shows, dance clubs, near-death drinking experiences) become unappetizing, while a nice night at the theater or opera seems more refined and appealing. ", "Still (and I haven’t bothered to look up any statistics to back me up . . . ", "mmm, could I run for the Republican presidential nomination on that claim alone?), ", "audiences in London, where I irregularly see plays, seem younger on average, as do audiences for independent local theater.", "\n\nWhatever the causes or potential cures, the age of the local theatergoing crowd is sure to remain troubling high as long as the already old audiences reject fare that would appeal to younger-minded viewers, discouraging theaters from putting on such work in the first place. ", "That was what was so worrying about being the most amused person in the Lantern’s surprisingly sparse audience.", "\n\nVigil lacked profundity, and the one major (well-signposted) plot twist does not survive scrutiny, but it was the type of wickedly entertaining fare of which I’d like to see more. ", "My experience at Lantern bodes poorly for established Philadelphia theaters. ", "Thankfully, Philadelphia has an abundance of independent companies willing to take risks, shunning subscribers to put on shows that will appeal to new audiences. ", "It is there that I will have to continue to look for more cutting-edge shows (and old people jokes).", "\n\nBut then, the admonition on the tomb in Masaccio’s Florentine Renaissance masterpiece, “What you are I was, what I am you will become,” works for aging as well as dying. ", "Soon enough, I will see an old man on the bus and think “look at my reflection in that glass” and the Vigil character’s thought in the same situation, “what a waste of a seat,” will seem just plain unfunny.", "\n\nRelated\n\nAbout the author\n\nYour faithful correspondent and publisher Christopher Munden has written and edited for many publications, websites, and cultural institutions. ", "He was an editor/publisher of the Philly Fiction book series, collections of short stories written by local writers and set in Philadelphia. ", "He's also a soccer coach and a pretty good skier." ]

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[ "Image copyright EPA Image caption The death toll after Saturday's tsunami continues to rise\n\nIt is very likely that a collapse of rocks on Indonesia's Anak Krakatau volcano caused an undersea rockslide, which in turn generated a tsunami on Saturday that has claimed hundreds of lives.", "\n\nThe volcano is now entering a new, deadly phase, writes California-based volcanologist Jess Phoenix as she looks at a series of spectacular images to analyse the timeline of eruptions.", "\n\nImage copyright Getty Images\n\nIn the illustration above, we see Krakatau volcano (also known as Krakatoa) from before its infamous 1883 eruption.", "\n\nThe name \"Anak Krakatau\" means \"Child of Krakatau,\" so this look at the modern volcano's predecessor provides perspective for scientists.", "\n\nKrakatau was a classic cone-shaped stratovolcano (meaning it was made of layers and layers of erupted material) that appeared to be intact and large.", "\n\nThe presence of the fishing vessel in the illustration indicates that despite what appears to be a small steam plume rising from the top, there were no worries about danger from the volcano.", "\n\nA steam plume would be normal for a volcano that is not erupting and is caused by water heated inside of the volcano rising to the surface.", "\n\nImage copyright Getty Images\n\nThis image, taken in July 2018, is of a small eruption of Anak Krakatau, likely one that would be classified as a 0 or 1 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index.", "\n\nThat scale measures the amount of material erupted from a volcano and increases exponentially, with 0/1 being typical of Hawaiian eruptions, and 8 being cataclysmic, like the eruption of Yellowstone 630,000 years ago.", "\n\nThese types of eruptions can occur as often as daily over the course of years without resulting in a larger eruption.", "\n\nHowever, it is possible that if more magma enters the system, the volcano will erupt on a larger scale.", "\n\nImage copyright Getty Images\n\nIn this photo, also from July 2018, we see incandescent material being ejected from Anak Krakatau's summit crater.", "\n\nThe visible glow shows the material is still quite hot, as it will cool to a black colour with time.", "\n\nThe material is cooling magma, and can form cinder, small fragments of lava known as lapilli, and larger objects called lava bombs.", "\n\nThese are all dangerous to humans, and lava bombs can travel hundreds of metres from the volcano's summit vent before hitting the ground.", "\n\nImage copyright Getty Images\n\nThis aerial image from August 2018 shows Anak Krakatau as a small island mostly covered by ejected volcanic material.", "\n\nIt sits in the middle of a rough circle of three other islands which make an approximate boundary of where the original Krakatau volcano was.", "\n\nThe 1883 eruption caused a massive collapse of the major structures of Krakatau, and Anak Krakatau has been building up from the collapsed area since it breached sea level in 1930.", "\n\nThis image documents a weak eruption plume and relatively fresh materials on the island.", "\n\nImage copyright EPA\n\nBy contrast, this aerial photo from September 2018 shows a vastly different situation than that of the previous image.", "\n\nA thick brown eruption column obscures one of the three boundary islands, and it shows evidence of convection, which can be seen this picture in its changing width.", "\n\nEruption columns pose a threat to air traffic and human health, as they are composed of rock fragments that cause damage if inhaled by engines or humans.", "\n\nThese rock fragments can also cause the collapse of buildings due to their weight.", "\n\nImage copyright Reuters\n\nThis stunning photo from 23 December 2018 shows a dramatic contrast between the Anak Krakatau of today and the one we saw just a few short months ago.", "\n\nThe cone itself is obscured by the violent eruption, with the interaction between superheated magma, gas, and water causing explosions that result in the water flashing to steam.", "\n\nSince Anak Krakatau is surrounded by water, there is even greater interaction of water and hot volcanic materials, which produces more steam and a messy-looking eruption.", "\n\nImage copyright Reuters\n\nVolcanoes can create their own lightning, as this Anak Krakatau image also taken on 23 December 2018 shows.", "\n\nThe mid-air collision of fragmented rock, volcanic ash, and water can create a static charge.", "\n\nThe volcano itself is obscured by the eruption column.", "\n\nThe lightning does not come down from storm clouds, but rather from the eruption column itself discharging the static energy through a process called charge separation.", "\n\nOf course, volcanoes don't erupt in a vacuum. ", "Their impacts are felt locally, and sometimes regionally or globally.", "\n\nThe new phase of eruptive activity of Anak Krakatau has come with an unusual tragedy in the form of a tsunami.", "\n\nWith the data currently available, it appears that the tsunami that hit the western end of the island of Java may have been the result of a collapse of part of Anak Krakatau that triggered an underwater rockslide.", "\n\nThat displacement of rock likely generated the deadly tsunami, some effects of which are pictured above.", "\n\nVolcanic hazards are not new to Indonesia, and the effects of the latest eruption of Anak Krakatau should serve as a reminder that we need additional study, education, and preparedness measures to keep people and property safe during volcanic disasters and their aftermath.", "\n\nJess Phoenix is a US volcanologist, co-founder of environmental research non-profit Blueprint Earth, and a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nhow to reading residence.dat file C++ using striping algorithm\n\nI have to read data from two .dat files but I have problem with my output function to console and my C++ Skill is still rusty can someone help ?", "\n\nRead a subset of the address records from residences.dat using striping. ", "For n >processes, each process evaluates a unique subset of\n records based on every nth record. ", "The number of records in this\n subset should be approximately #-of-residence-records /#-of-processes. ", "Across all the parallel processes used no address should be omitted and >none should be processed more than once. ", "Also\n note that only ONE record at a time should be stored in memory by any\n process; don’t read the entire dataset into a data structure in memory\n since this is entirely unnecessary and consumes too much RAM!", "\n\ndata example \n329267.349 4847214.382\n318141.019 4851350.892\n319526.06 4850474.347\n322666.48 4840244.995\n316578.529 4837299.827\n320090.607 4840439.088\n\n //read file and populate the vectors\n\n ifstream foodbankFile(\"/Users/abdallaelnajjar/Documents/XCodeProjects/cpp_projects/MPI_Project2/foodbanks.dat\");\n ifstream residenceFile(\"/Users/abdallaelnajjar/Documents/XCodeProjects/cpp_projects/MPI_Project2/residences.dat\");\n\n // populate datavector\n std::vector<Foodbank> foodbankData((std::istream_iterator<Foodbank>(foodbankFile)),\n std::istream_iterator<Foodbank>());\n //std::vector<Residence> residenceData((std::istream_iterator<Residence>(residenceFile)),\n //std::istream_iterator<Residence>());\n\n std::vector<double> distancess;\n\n string file_contents;\n Residence res;\n int numProcs = 1;\n int recCount = 0;\n\n //pseudo code that I trying to implement \n // While(there are more records){\n // If record count % numProcs == myID\n // ProcessRecord\n // else\n // Increment file stream pointer forward one record without processing\n // Increment Record Count\n //}\n\n int numLines = 1;\n while(!residenceFile.eof())\n {\n\n residenceFile >> res.x >>res.y;\n\n //distancess.push_back(populate_distancesVector(res,foodbankData));\n if ( recCount % numProcs == numLines)\n {\n //call the process\n distancess.push_back(populate_distancesVector(res,foodbankData));\n }\n else\n ++numLines;\n ++recCount;\n }\n\nA:\n\nYou're most likely getting no results because your file isn't being opened. ", "Most likely, you aren't pointing to it correctly when you initialize the fstream. ", "This is why you aren't seeing any output.", "\nYou should always check to see that your streams are open (accessible) before doing anything else with them. ", "To check that it has been opened correctly:\nif (foodBankData.is_open()) {\n Foodbank f;\n\n while(foodbankData >> f.x >> f.y )\n {\n cout<< \"X\"<< f.x << \"Y\" <<f.y << endl; //don't forget the newline here\n }\n}\nelse {\n cerr << \"Error opening input file!\" ", "<< endl;\n exit(1);//call the error function or something else here.", "\n}\n\n" ]

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[ "An additional 1,000 US troops will remain in Afghanistan next year to meet a temporary shortfall in NATO forces, US Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said Saturday during a visit to Kabul.", "\n\nPresident Barack Obama approved the move despite an earlier plan to limit the US force to a maximum of 9,800 troops in 2015.", "\n\nA protracted Afghan election delayed the signing of security deals with the United States and NATO countries, which set back plans for Western governments to contribute troops to the post-2014 mission, Hagel said.", "\n\n“President Obama has provided US military commanders the flexibility to manage any temporary force shortfalls that we might experience for a few months as we allow for coalition troops to arrive,” he told a press conference.", "\n\n“This will mean the delayed withdrawal of up to 1,000 US troops — so that up to 10,800 troops, rather than 9,800, could remain in Afghanistan through the end of this year, and for the first few months of next year.”", "\n\nConcern is growing for Afghan stability as the NATO military presence declines, with the national army and police enduring record casualties in battle this year and following a series of high-profile Taliban attacks in Kabul.", "\n\nAbout 130,000 NATO troops were fighting in Afghanistan in 2010 at the peak of the foreign intervention, after the 2001 fall of the Taliban regime that sheltered Al-Qaeda.", "\n\nThe NATO support force taking over on January 1 will be 12,500-strong, made up of mainly US, German and Italian troops.", "\n\nHagel said Obama’s decision did not change the new mission — which will focus on training Afghan forces — nor did it alter a long-term deadline for a US troop drawdown over the next two years.", "\n\nThe Pentagon chief added US forces would also maintain a limited counter-terrorism mission to prevent “Al-Qaeda from using Afghanistan as a safe haven to threaten the United States”.", "\n\n– Progress at risk? –", "\n\nMilitants have targeted foreign guest houses, embassy vehicles, US troops and Afghan army buses in Kabul over the past month, undermining claims that the insurgency is weakening as NATO’s 13-year war ends.", "\n\n“The recent wave of Taliban attacks has made clear that the international community must not waver in its support for a stable, secure, and prosperous Afghanistan,” Hagel said.", "\n\nHe said Afghanistan had “come a long way” over the past decade and that the newly-elected government and its security forces were ready to take charge of security.", "\n\n“As difficult, as challenging, as long as this has been — by any definition, the country of Afghanistan, the people of Afghanistan are far better off today than they were 13 years ago,” Hagel told reporters.", "\n\nAfghan and outside experts tend to offer a less optimistic view of the conflict, warning of the danger of an all-out ethnic civil war.", "\n\nBut Hagel insisted Afghanistan would not go the way of Iraq, where another US-trained army virtually collapsed in the face of an onslaught by Islamic state jihadists after American troops left the country in 2011.", "\n\nUnlike in Iraq, the Afghan people had supported the presence of American and Western troops, Hagel said.", "\n\n“They have welcomed us. ", "They want us to continue to help them, to support them. ", "That’s a big difference between Afghanistan today and where we were in Iraq a few years ago,” he said.", "\n\nAt their joint press conference, President Ashraf Ghani went out of his way to thank Hagel for the help of US troops.", "\n\nGhani’s remarks were a stark contrast to his predecessor Hamid Karzai, who frequently railed against the American military." ]

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[ "Joseph Hopkins Peyton\n\nJoseph Hopkins Peyton (May 20, 1808 – November 11, 1845) was an American politician who represented Tennessee's eighth district in the United States House of Representatives.", "\n\nBiography\nBorn on May 20, 1808 in Gallatin, Tennessee, Peyton accomplished preparatory studies and graduated from college in 1837. ", "He studied and practiced medicine. ", "He was the brother of Balie Peyton. ", "He married Mary Elizabeth Hatton in 1841. ", "They had two children before she died in November 1812.", "\n\nCareer\nPeyton held various local offices and was elected as a member of the Tennessee Senate in 1840. ", "He was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses. ", "He served from March 4, 1843 until his death on November 11, 1845.", "\n\nDeath\nPeyton died on November 11, 1845, near Gallatin, Tennessee and is interred at the family burying ground near Gallatin.", "\n\nSee also\nList of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nCategory:1808 births\nCategory:1845 deaths\nCategory:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee\nCategory:Tennessee state senators\nCategory:Tennessee Whigs\nCategory:Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives\nCategory:19th-century American politicians" ]

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[ "One of the things that we have been committed to experimenting with in the last few years is reduced tillage on our farm – in other words, fewer tractor passes through our fields and less turnover of the soil. ", "Among other things, we normally use tractors to cultivate out weeds, turn under our cover crops and make beds ready for planting after we have disked a field. ", "There are two ways that we are thinking about reducing the use of tractors and soil turnover. ", "One is using black poly mulch on our beds and the other is using our cover crops as mulch. ", "The former has proven itself to have been an interim success, while the latter is our ultimate hope and long-term strategy.", "\n\nThe use of poly mulch on the surface of our beds started about three or four years ago, despite our immense dislike of plastic. ", "We trialed it in our early tomato plantings, and what we quickly realized was that the plastic cover significantly reduced our energy and water use. ", "Petroleum comes in many different forms, plastic is one, but diesel fuel is another. ", "Even after the first time we used the plastic, it was clear to us that we were seeing several big benefits with regard to energy, water and soil/plant health.", "\n\nAndrew at the San Rafael Farmers Market.", "\n\nFirst, when the beds are covered with plastic, the weed pressure is next to nothing and we might end up doing one very light tractor cultivation on the sides of the beds in the furrows, rather than having to do multiple cultivations across the fields. ", "This significantly reduces tractor traffic, but also reduces hand labor that we might otherwise need for weeding and hoeing. ", "In the past, in the early tomatoes, we needed to do a lot of hand weeding. ", "We covered the early plants to protect them from frost. ", "When the beds are covered, it creates a great environment for the plants, but also for the weeds and when we uncovered the beds, there would be a bit of a jungle to deal with. ", "Now that we are using black plastic mulch in the early tomatoes, we have the tomato plants growing through a hole in the plastic, and very little weed pressure. ", "The labor savings is tremendous.", "\n\nThere’s a second reason that we have tempered our dislike of black plastic: We are seeing 25% to 30% reduction in water use. ", "The mulch covers the bed and helps the soil to retain the moisture much longer – it is not being lost to the evaporation. ", "Because of the drought conditions, we’ve been looking at ways to increase our already fairly proactive water efficiency practices, and we are really impressed by the water conservation from the plastic mulch. ", "We not only used it on summer crops last year, but also on some fall crops that were planted in late summer. ", "The water conservation and the success of those crops was remarkable. ", "They may have been some of the most productive and best crops we’ve ever grown.", "\n\nThe third reason, and in many respects the most important reason that we came around was that we have found that the ground is incredibly friable under the black plastic. ", "Without mulch, the biology dives deeper and all the critters and microorganisms are deeper in the soil, out of the heat and dry zone. ", "Now, we see activity all the way up to the top. ", "With the plastic mulch, moisture is retained in the bed all the way to the surface, so we see roots all the way to the surface of the soil. ", "The effective biologically active rooting zone has increased, which means direct plant benefit from this soil improvement.", "\n\nBut plastic is still plastic, no matter what you call it. ", "Unfortunately, the plastic is only used for one year, after which we pick it up out of the field and send it to be recycled. ", "We understand that there is a down side to using it, but we see it as a stepping stone to a more regenerative, cover-crop-based mulching system.", "\n\nOur long-term experimental approach, an alternative to the plastic mulch, is to figure out how to use cover crops to mulch our beds and reduce or even eliminate our tillage. ", "There are a couple of ways that we have been experimenting with this. ", "In one system, we chop the cover crops in place with a tractor implement that has knives on it that chops and drops the biomass, creating a coarse mulch. ", "After the chopped up cover crop dies, it creates a dry mulch in place that we leave on the bed to smother out weeds. ", "We then plant our crop through the mulch using a coulter disk that slices open enough of the soil to sow seed or transplant small plants.", "\n\nThe other thing we’ve tried is to roll the cover crop down with a chevron-shaped crimper. ", "This tool was developed by the Rodale Institute in Pennsylvania and has been on loan to us from U.C. Davis. ", "This tool rolls down the full-standing, waist-high cover crop right in place and crimps the stems every 6 to 8 inches. ", "This kills the cover crop, leaving it lying on the ground as a heavy mulch. ", "Again, we plant through the mulch and hope that weeds will be smothered by the cover crop covering the soil.", "\n\nThere are some big practical hurdles around weed and moisture management in the systems that we are experimenting with. ", "Whenever we irrigate, some of the cover crop may regrow. ", "If the mulch is not totally effective, some weed seeds will germinate. ", "And this year, because the beds are all so dry since there has been no spring rain, we aren’t sure how to get the optimal moisture window for planting.", "\n\nWe’re making this up as we go along. ", "It is a grand experiment. ", "We have a compass bearing, but don’t know exactly how to get there. ", "The reason we are so interested, is that as farmers, our primary focus is on soil health. ", "In that pursuit, we spend a lot of effort to build soil structure. ", "Soil health is the net result of biologically dynamic, nutrient rich, intrinsically populated conditions. ", "When we turn the soil over using tractors and tillage implements we are disturbing it, if not destroying the physical structure that has formed. ", "We recognize that we have crucial biology in the soil and we are realizing that the tillage is counterproductive to establishing and maintaining underground habitat for the diverse community of microbes, fungi, arthropods and earthworms. ", "In the final analysis, it is the health of that community that ultimately defines the health of our soil.", "\n\nIt is so easy to increase the amount of Full Belly in your life! ", "CSA members can special order almost anything from our farm to be delivered to your pick-up site. ", "Sorry, no Virginia Street special orders. ", "If you would like to order the following items, please contact us at 800-791-2110 or csa@fullbellyfarm.com.", "\n\nFor those interested in our certified organically raised lamb we have a limited amount available for delivery to a CSA site near you. ", "Sorry no home deliveries. ", "Our lambs are all born and raised here at the farm and are fed 100% on pasture, organic vegetables and hay. ", "The lambs are harvested at Superior Farms in Dixon, CA. (", "Please note this is not a CCOF certified facility and the finished product is not CCOF certified.) ", "They are sold by the half lamb (20 lbs) for $185, or whole lamb (40 lbs) for $350. (", "Sorry, temporarily sold out. ", "Please contact us if you want to be put on the waiting list.)", "\n\nWe also have soup chickens for sale. ", "These are 2-year old egg-laying birds frozen and packed with heads and feet, that are great for making broth, soup or stew. ", "The cost is $11, delivered frozen to select CSA sites. ", "Sorry no home deliveries. ", "Please contact Becky – becky@fullbellyfarm.com – if you are interested.", "\n\nWhen I arrived at Full Belly back in the heat of July, the farm was well into its tomato season. ", "As a wide-eyed city dweller with zero previous farm experience, coming on as an intern at the height of tomato season was a whirlwind introduction to how hard every person here works to create the beautiful produce that we see in our CSA boxes every week. ", "My very first hours of work on the farm were spent harvesting Sun Gold cherry tomatoes. ", "Several hours after that I was folding tomato boxes for packing and distribution. ", "A few weeks later I was learning the names of forty plus varieties of heirloom and cherry tomatoes so I could help identify them for customers at the Marin farmer’s market. ", "By the end of the summer, we were squeezing buckets worth of tomato seeds to be saved for the very plants that we now see in our fields!", "\n\nOver the last few months, it has been incredible to watch those seeds become over 45,000 plants in our greenhouses. ", "And in the past week, we have steadily been transplanting ALL of those tomatoes in preparation for another summer season! ", "Time flies when you’re having fun farming! ", "One of the most delightful moments that we as interns have in our yearlong internship is witnessing the full circle of farm life, like these new tomato plants. ", "Can’t wait for caprese salad again! [", "Read more…]\n\nFull Belly Farm is blessed to have some wonderful folks working here every day, and this week we want to introduce one of them to our CSA members, Inigo Encarnación, who has been working here since 2011.", "\n\nInigo was born in the state of Guerrero, in southern Mexico, in a small village called Huehuetonoc. ", "That’s an Amuzgo Indian word signifying the tambor, a musical instrument. ", "Inigo has three older sisters, two of whom are now teachers in Mexico. ", "His father grew corn, beans and squash for the family, and had several cows. ", "Inigo helped out in the fields and enjoyed milking the cows with his father, who he called Jefe. [", "Read more…]\n\nI remember quite clearly writing my annual “flower article” last year and starting off with a confident statement about how consistent the flowers were despite mother nature’s follies of no rain, warm climate and sudden whacky freezes. ", "Well, this year I might have to rescind that statement – but just a little. ", "Yes, this year nature’s idiosyncrasies might have fooled us all, including the flowers, with her warm, balmy days all throughout January (the driest and warmest in recorded valley history) then brief flooding in February and then back to a sunny and warm March. ", "How could we not be just a tiny bit confounded to know what the time of year is?", "\n\nThe bulk of our spring flowers were planted months ago, way back in October, which my feeble memory has a hard time remembering. ", "Yes, back when the leaves were turning a golden fall yellow, we were digging thousands of holes for tulips, ranunculus, and iris. ", "We were transplanting thousands of little snapdragons, godetias, sweet Williams, delphiniums and Canterbury bells. ", "The tractors were loaded up with special seeders and we planted rows and rows of sweet peas, larkspur, nigella, calendula, flax and sweet smelling stock. [", "Read more…]\n\nThe trick is to be extremely quiet. ", "Don’t slam the truck door, don’t make a squeak as you squeeze through the gate and don’t, whatever you do, turn on your flashlight yet! ", "The night check is all about listening first – your ears alone will tell you right away what your check has in store for you. ", "There might be a ewe cooing to her freshly born lamb over here, while another ewe is maahh-ing desperately over there – has she lost sight of her lambs in the orchard, is there a predator nearby, or is she about to go into labor? ", "Sometimes one ewe will give birth to three lambs and another ewe is absolutely sure those three lambs belong to her, and at 3 o’clock in the morning, it’s up to you to figure out which ewe they actually belong to. ", "Sometimes there are two ewes that have obviously given birth, four lambs around their legs, and you witness all four lambs nursing from both ewes. ", "Sometimes there are a few fresh lambs in one corner and no ewes taking ownership of them. ", "Sometimes there is deafening silence, which means you can head right back to bed. (", "That one doesn’t happen very often!) ", "I’m talking about lambing season, folks, and for the animal team here at the farm, this season’s almost over.", "\n\nFarming animals is quite different from farming vegetables. ", "For example, a farmer can plant a seed, water it, weed around it a few times, and then let Mother Nature take the reigns for a while until it comes time to harvest. ", "His carrots won’t die if he takes a day off. ", "On the other hand, a farmer who keeps animals has many mouths to feed other than his own, every single day. ", "And it doesn’t stop at food – they need clean cool water, fresh straw for nest boxes, clean coops. ", "The cow has to get milked at dawn and dusk, the eggs need to be collected in the morning and afternoon, and everyone needs to be moved to new pasture every couple of days. ", "It’s a rather demanding trade, this animal husbandry. [", "Read more…]\n\nEvery year we like to look back at what went in the CSA boxes during the previous year. ", "This year I compiled the table that we are including here so that you can think back about how you used the vegetables that we put in the boxes over the 48 weeks that we made deliveries in 2014. [", "Read more…]\n\nWith weather in the 70s and blossoms on the trees, it’s spring fever for certain. ", "And with thoughts of spring come thoughts of planting, and seeds. ", "Indeed, such were the thoughts of an enthusiastic group of farmers and gardeners from the Capay Valley and beyond, who gathered at the Western Yolo Grange Hall in Guinda at the end of January for the 2nd Annual Seed, Plant and Scion Swap. ", "It was a chance to bandy and barter all manner of plant matter, from seeds to starts to fruit tree cuttings. ", "Seed and plant exchanges like this one have sprung up across the country in recent years, and represent a hearty interest in community resiliency and local self-sufficiency. ", "Regionally saved seeds can be selected for, and therefore more adapted to, the specific climate and environmental challenges of a locale, and for farmers or gardeners, saving their own seeds expresses independence, knowledge and access. ", "The exchange and preservation of seeds can be organized relatively informally, as a once a year community seed swap (like here in the Capay Valley) or it can take on the more formalized form of a seed library. ", "Across the United States, there are now over 300 seed libraries, all providing low-cost or “free access to seeds, protect[ing] the diversity of our food sources, and educat[ing] community members about growing food and saving seed.” (", "seedlibrary.net)\n\nInspirational, right? ", "Perhaps you already use your local seed library or seed swap, or perhaps you now want to start one. ", "But did you know that there’s an important campaign under way to ensure that these models of local and regional seed sharing don’t become unfairly targeted by state department of agriculture laws that were written with commercial seed transactions in mind? [", "Read more…]\n\nAs if breaking a spell cast on the land, rain came and the farm breathed a sigh of welcome. ", "The driest January on record for the region is now past and the sobering reality of three consecutive years of warm temperatures and little to no rain and low Sierra snowpack should be reason for the farm community to consider the practices they employ and develop comprehensive strategies for the long term.", "\n\nThe impacts of the last few years touch many parts of our farm. ", "Our fruit trees are short on the chilling hours that they require for healthy bloom and fruit set. ", "Things are blooming early – by more than 2 weeks – which may mean more susceptibility to frost later in the spring. ", "Winter rains are needed to replenish our wells. ", "When the small side creeks that border the farm flow even for a few short days, we can measure a rise in well water levels as the ground acts as a reservoir for the beneficial winter rains. [", "Read more…]\n\n“In the next 20 years, 400 million acres of farmland will change hands.” ", "Severine von Tscharner Fleming was speaking to a gathering of young and not so young farmers and farm allies in Capay Valley at the Guinda Grange Hall. ", "She came equipped with facts, stories, models and strategies to share – all with a purpose to ensure land access to a rising generation of agriculturalists.", "\n\nIn the Capay Valley, we are fortunate to have a growing community of young and beginning farmers and ranchers. ", "The challenges they face to build a successful career are numerous, but perhaps the biggest is reliable access to land. ", "Nationwide, the price of farmland has risen dramatically in recent years, more than tripling in value from 2003 to 2013. ", "What’s happening to farmland in the U.S. is part of a larger phenomenon also occurring in developing countries. [", "Read more…]\n\nWe recently enjoyed a visit from Bill Jensen who works at Northside Elementary School in Cool California (a bit east of Auburn). ", "He came to pick up vegetables for the Harvest of the Month program, a statewide effort to increase access to fruits and vegetables in schools throughout California. ", "Bill explained that the school’s garden doesn’t come into production until March and he needed some broccoli to serve. ", "The students will develop presentations for the classroom and prepare a recipe to take home.", "\n\nIn Bill’s photo, kindergarten students are harvesting their first crop of carrots.", "\n\nIt feels as though there is so much to write about at this moment in time: the blooming almond trees, the 75° weather, winter/spring cooking, and our new farm babies. ", "We got news yesterday that our neighbors at Pasture 42 welcomed a beautiful little girl into the world. ", "Delphine Louise joins Arlo Alois Muller (4 months) and Teodoro Rodriguez Ochoa (3 months) in the one and under crowd here in Guinda, CA. ", "Since our newest little farm boys have not gotten an official Beet welcome, here they are with their ringleader, Rowan. ", "We are elated to introduce them to you.", "\n\nThere are few seasons on the farm that we meet with such jittery anticipation as lambing season. ", "For the next few weeks there will be a flurry of “getting ready” tasks as we approach the February date when the first lambs are born. ", "Fences must be set up for the hugely pregnant moms, greenhouses constructed for housing the tiny new lambs and their mothers, supplies purchased for any lambing emergencies. ", "There are 85 ewes this year that will be giving birth in a one month time period to over 120 babies which can get really chaotic if you are not prepared! ", "We have been raising this many sheep and lambs for over 20 years but still feel taken by surprise each year as they begin.", "\n\nOne of the hardest things is “psyching” ourselves up for the sleepless nights ahead. ", "Despite the fact that 90% of the lambs will be born without any fanfare there are potential issues that can arise and we must be there any time, day or night, to help out. ", "We do lamb checks every two to three hours during the night and as frequently throughout the day. ", "Rainy nights and the full moon will definitely bring on a barrage of lambs – a well documented fact known by shepherds throughout the ages – so we have extra recruits on those nights. [", "Read more…]\n\nSoul Food Farm in Vacaville, is offering a one-day event in which Alan Savory and Nicolette Hahn-Niman will share their message of hope for the environment. ", "Savory and Hahn-Niman will speak about how cattle grazing plays a key role in revitalizing the world’s damaged grasslands. ", "There is a charge for the event: students are $35; general admission is $75 and VIP is $130. ", "Tickets and additional information are available at: http://www.brownpapertickets.com/event/1117550\n\nI have family in Japan, living in Chiba City, about 45 minutes from Tokyo (using the efficient trains). ", "During the Full Belly break, my husband and I had the wonderful experience of spending 2-weeks traveling with family, visiting Kyoto on the main island, and also several places on the smaller islands of Naoshima, Shikoku and Kyushu.", "\n\nWhen we travel, we like to try new foods and avoid “westernized” restaurants. ", "In Japan, this can result in experiencing startlingly new and foreign textures and flavors. ", "Slimy, crunchy and chewy textures abound. ", "Meals are usually presented as lots of small plates, rather than one main dish with sides. ", "It was not at all uncommon to have a meal presented to our group at an Inn, or at a home we were visiting, for us to have no idea what some of the dishes were. ", "Perhaps some form of soy? ", "Or fish? ", "Or maybe egg? [", "Read more…]\n\nHappy New Year to all of our Full Belly Farm CSA members. ", "We are happy to be back in action and ready to deliver your delicious boxes for 2015!", "\n\nHere are a few notes from the field, observed over our break.", "\n\nAt this time of year we usually have young plants growing in our greenhouses, prepared for transplanting to the field at a stage in their lives when they are less vulnerable to weed and weather pressures than if we grow them in the field from seed. ", "This year, we have probably the largest set of transplants in the greenhouse (lettuce, broccoli, cabbage, greens etc) that we’ve ever had before. ", "But December presented a challenging greenhouse window. ", "Our climate is usually sunny even when it rains, but this year there were more than two weeks of very cloudy, cool, humid weather in December. ", "This created the perfect conditions for rot and mildew diseases in the greenhouse that we have not typically had to deal with. ", "With additional ventilation and care in watering, we were able to pull through and will be transplanting into the field in the next week or two. [", "Read more…]\n\nFull Belly Farm has been awarded the 2014 California Leopold Conservation Award. ", "We hope to use this opportunity as a way to deepen the conversation about land stewardship and conservation in agriculture.", "\n\nHappy Holidays to all of our members. ", "Thank you for your support in 2014. ", "After our break, we will be delivering boxes again starting the week of January 6th. ", "Here are photos of some of the delicious Thanksgiving dishes that we shared here at the farm. ", "We hope the photos will help to inspire your holiday cooking!", "\n\nHard to choose from so many delights! ", "About 50 people joined us for dinner. [", "Read more…]\n\nDrawing from ancient knowledge and cutting edge science, Symphony of the Soil is a wonderful film, and an artistic exploration of soil. ", "Filmed on four continents, it examines our human relationship with soil, the use and misuse of soil in agriculture, deforestation and development, and the latest scientific research on soil’s key role in ameliorating the most challenging environmental issues of our time. ", "Farmers (including Full Belly farmers) and ranchers are included in the film. ", "Organic farms like Full Belly place a lot of emphasis on caring for their soil as a path to healthier food. ", "We were very impressed with the film and can recommend it to our members.", "\n\nFriday, December 5th, is World Soil Day, starting the United Nations International Year of the Soils. ", "Our friends at Lily Films, producers of Symphony of the Soil, will be presenting the film at the U.N. in New York, and streaming the film free from their web site at: http://www.symphonyofthesoil.com\n\nOften people give a gasp when they inquire about the number of guests who will be at our farm home for Thanksgiving dinner and we reply casually: somewhere between fifty and sixty. ", "The numbers have grown slowly over the years because our family, friends and farm have too and this year will be no exception. ", "Fifty eight confirmed guests and then some more that we have surely not counted! ", "The dinner is exemplary of everything that makes up the best parts of this little farm here in the Capay Valley: community, camaraderie and of course the blessings of the incredible food. ", "Our community includes members of the immediate farm family — Andrew and Anna and their two towering teenage sons who could most likely eat an entire turkey themselves! ", "Judith’s family always graces the dinner with her beautiful mother, Noné Redmond, one of the our farm’s longest and sweetest supporters and Judith’s siblings, nieces and nephews who live nearby. ", "Our apprentices who hail from New York, Japan and parts of California will be here with a few sisters flying in to see where their big sister works on a crazy organic farm. ", "Some of the farm crew will be with us including Inigo, the resident carpenter, Jan, our relentless and passionate farm manager and her partner Jordan. ", "Our own family, which is now twelve including the two newest members who will be making their first appearances and may not eat much except from their loving moms.", "\n\nAnd the community circle grows wider still to our neighboring farms. ", "Friends from Riverdog Farm who we have worked so closely with all summer will be at the table, and Spreadwing Farm family and interns will be here as well. ", "Fran, the chief organic buyer from the wholesaler Nor-Cal produce, who was married here this fall and has become our fast friend will come for the first time, along with childhood schoolmates and nieces and nephews who now live in the valley with their children. ", "The list goes on and becomes an amazing amalgamation of all of the best we could ever hope for to join us in this special day of giving thanks. [", "Read more…]\n\nWith the help of our members, our CSA program has been donating CSA boxes to two wonderful organizations, the Charlotte Maxwell Complementary Clinic and Montalvin Manor Elementary School for many years. ", "The way it works is that you can include a box donation when you pay for your boxes, or you can donate your boxes when you go out of town (with 5 days notice). ", "You can also designate funds to go directly to the Good Food Community Fund if you wish. ", "For the first time in many years, our fund is significantly in arrears, so we hope that some of you might consider contributing.", "\n\nThe Charlotte Maxwell Complementary Clinic in Oakland is a licensed primary care facility that serves low-income women with cancer. ", "The Clinic provides free therapies such as acupuncture, homeopathy, massage and Chinese and western herbs. ", "An in-home comfort care program is available for clients with end-stage cancer who are too weak to come to the Clinic. ", "The post-treatment program treats and supports women who have completed their allopathic treatments. ", "For more information about the Clinic, visit their web site at www.charlottemaxwell.org. [", "Read more…]\n\nAs we described in our Beet last week (11/3) we are in the midst of a major overhaul of the database that we use to manage our member accounts. ", "If all goes well, it will take us until about mid-November to complete. ", "As we said, please let us know if you notice anything that is incorrect in the records that you see when you pick up your box. ", "One of the byproducts of the move from our old system to the new one is that we may email you your renewal notice twice – our apologies if you do!", "\n\nFall. ", "Finally, the farm’s heartbeat has begun its descent back to a resting rate. ", "For the past seven months, the heart of the organism known as Full Belly has been pulsing with growth and energy. ", "Millions of pounds of fruits and vegetables have made their way into thousands of lives, fueling hearts and nourishing bodies. ", "Hopefully some of that food found its way into your mouth this year. ", "Whether it was a sun-kissed peach, a vine-ripened tomato, or a heavenly muskmelon, it is our passion to bring you the beat of the farm with this delicious produce.", "\n\nI believe that Mother Nature doesn’t get enough credit for the product of her toil. ", "I know that each tree this year pushed its roots further and deeper then they have in a long time. ", "Stretched thin in a time of drought when water was so scarce, our trees found a way to keep their fruit all the way until it was harvested. ", "The oak trees around the farm still managed to produce so many acorns making sure that all the creatures of the valley are well stocked and fattened for the winter. ", "Our plants grew and fruited despite the myriad of challenges pitted against them. ", "This resilience and perseverance of nature is truly inspiring. [", "Read more…]\n\nFor some time, Full Belly has wanted to develop a system for our CSA members that will allow all of you to place your orders and renew your boxes on-line, without the added step of emailing or calling the farm. ", "This is not because we are moving away from our commitment to building relationships with all of you, but more because it is a necessary convenience demanded by the current marketplace.", "\n\nThere are several ‘off-the-shelf’ programs that we could have chosen, but because we want to maintain the flexibility that we currently offer, we decided to build our own program, and the first phase of that effort has been completed. ", "During the next month, we will be electronically moving all of the data from our old system to our new system. ", "This includes many important details and is a little bit complicated. [", "Read more…]\n\nI had the honor this week to serve on a University of California Cooperative Extension hiring committee. ", "Cooperative Extension plays an important role in fostering the university’s applied research for the direct benefit of agriculture. ", "Cooperative Extension dates back 100 years as a federally mandated agricultural extension service administered through individual state land grant colleges and universities. ", "Coop Extension, in one capacity or another serves every county and every state in the country. ", "With a mandate to address the practical needs of agriculture, extension agents or advisors are essentially university field agents providing scientific information for the needs of agriculture. ", "Small farmers in our area, with our distinct issues have been under-recognized and underserved.", "\n\nI am thrilled to report that for the first time ever, a Small Farms Advisor will serve Yolo, Solano and Sacramento Counties. ", "Forty-seven candidates from more than 4 countries, 10 states and territories and numerous parts of California applied for this position. ", "We interviewed 6 highly qualified individuals with advanced academic backgrounds, extensive small farming experience, and proficient outreach skills, intent on finding someone to fit a very broad and demanding list of qualifications. ", "As is much the case in farming, this person must be a “Jack/Jane of all trades”, fielding a wide spectrum of small farming issues: agronomic, horticultural, entomological, business, marketing, etc. ", "Unlike most extension posts, which are specialist positions, the small farm advisor wears more of an umbrella than a hat. [", "Read more…]\n\nHannah Muller created this float called “The Future of Agriculture” for the Esparto High School Homecoming Parade. (", "There were other little kids for most of the parade – but they had escaped when this photo was taken.)" ]

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[ "Every time Kevin McAleenan opened his mouth to kick off an immigration policy conference Monday morning, protesters shouted him down. ", "And finally he’d had enough: When the protesters began shouting the names of children who’d died in federal immigration custody, McAleenan walked off the stage.", "\n\nThe acting secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, who is reportedly becoming increasingly isolated within the Trump administration, was slated to give the opening speech at the Migration Policy Institute and the Catholic Legal Immigration Network’s annual immigration conference at the Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, D.C.\n\nBut protesters seated in the audience repeatedly thwarted him, standing up and holding banners that said “Hate is not normal” and chanting, “When immigrants are under attack, what do we do? ", "Stand up, fight back! ", "When children are under attack, what do we do? ", "Stand up, fight back!”", "\n\nMcAleenan, the former commissioner of Customs and Border Protection, became acting DHS secretary in April 2019 after his predecessor, Kirstjen Nielsen, was pushed out. ", "As CBP commissioner, he helped implement the Trump administration’s 2018 “zero tolerance” policy that led to the separation of thousands of migrant families at the U.S.-Mexico border. ", "But now, several sources recently told the Washington Post, McAleenan is struggling to stay on the president’s good side.", "\n\nMcAleenan tried to speak over the chants but was unsuccessful. “", "As a career law enforcement professional, I’ve given my career to protecting the right to free speech and all the values we hold dear here in America, from all threats,” he said after the protesters had stopped chanting. “", "We’ll go ahead and try one more time, but otherwise I’m going to go back to work and keep trying to secure this country.”", "\n\nThat’s when the protesters started shouting the names of children who died in federal immigration custody. ", "Members of the audience, including immigration lawyers and immigrants’ rights advocates, grew increasingly frustrated with the protesters as the chants continued.", "\n\n“OK, last time, team. ", "A lot to cover today. ", "There are some very serious issues that we can talk about today — in candor — or we can continue to shout.” ", "McAleenan said during his third attempt to start speaking. “", "What I was going to start with is that I’d like to take our dialogue this morning above politics and the daily news cycle and talk about some of the challenges and efforts we’ve faced over the last year.”", "\n\nBut after protesters began chanting over him again, McAleenan left the stage.", "\n\nThe protest, organized by CREDO Action, Sanctuary DMV, and other groups, spilled out to the front of the building -- a dozen students from the Georgetown University Law Center also demonstrated outside-- with additional support from more than 350 others who’d signed a petition asking the university to disinvite McAleenan from the conference." ]

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[ "Predicting length of stay for acute medical admissions using the ALICE score: a simple bedside tool.", "\nEarly identification of patients likely to have a short admission permits best use of limited resources to facilitate rapid discharge where possible. ", "The ALICE score is a simple bedside tool developed in one hospital as a decision aid. ", "This study sought to confirm its widespread applicability. ", "Retrospective review of 250 consecutive admissions at five acute hospitals. ", "Clinical records were reviewed for a total of 1003 patients. ", "ALICE score was calculated for each patient and compared to LoS data. ", "There was a statistically significant positive correlation between rising ALICE scores and increasing length of stay irrespective of final diagnoses. ", "The ALICE score provides a simple bedside tool to predict length of stay." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nLocalhost image won't show on Xamarin Android emulator\n\nI'm trying to reference an image in localhost in my Xamarin project but the image won't show. ", "When the Android emulator starts up the screen is blank.", "\nXaml File\n<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?", ">\n<ContentView xmlns=\"http://xamarin.com/schemas/2014/forms\" \n xmlns:x=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml\"\n x:Class=\"TestApp.", "MyView\">\n <ContentView.", "Content>\n\n <StackLayout>\n\n <Image x:Name=\"TheImage\"></Image>\n\n </StackLayout>\n </ContentView.", "Content>\n</ContentView>\n\nServer side code\npublic MyView()\n{\n InitializeComponent();\n\n TheImage.", "Source = new UriImageSource\n {\n Uri = new Uri(\"https://localhost/images/someImage.png\")\n };\n\n}\n\nIf I use a URL for an image on a public website then it works okay so it must me something to do with localhost.", "\n\nA:\n\nLocalhost is the emulator itself as it is a complete (Linux) OS and localhost is its \"loopback adapter\", not your PC.", "\nDepending on the Android emulator you are are using, you can use 10.0.2.2 to reach a service on the PC that is hosting the emulator.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Mother-father differences in screening for developmental delay in infants and toddlers.", "\nIn most cases, caregiver questionnaires are completed by mothers and seldom by fathers. ", "Although parents tend to have moderate to high congruence, some studies suggest that differences between the mothers' and the fathers' answers can complicate diagnostic decision-making. ", "The aim of this study was to determine mother-father response differences on a widely used screening checklist and to describe possible clinical implications of the observed differences. ", "The Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist, a screening and evaluation tool, is commonly used in many countries to identify developmental delays in infants and toddlers. ", "A Croatian version of the CSBS-DP checklist was completed by 422 parents (211 mothers and 211 fathers). ", "The mean age of children was 15.4 months (6-24 months). ", "Inter-rater reliability and mother-father differences were calculated. ", "An item-by-item analysis was performed, and the relationship between the parental concern and the score a child achieved was also examined. ", "Mothers and fathers did not differ in Total Scores (p=.165). ", "Item-by-item analysis showed that the level of congruence between mothers' and fathers' scores was, on average, 78%. ", "However, in 10-15% of cases, the parent scores placed a child in different clinical categories (above vs. below the cut-off score). ", "In cases of discordance, fathers placed a child below criterion level more often than mothers, and this trend was more pronounced for girls than boys. ", "The level of parental concern was found to be relatively low and not well balanced with the scores children achieved. ", "Our findings suggest that the level of parental concern is not a very reliable indicator of delayed or deviant childhood development. ", "Furthermore, in 10-15% of cases, parents differ in the extent to which their responses place a child in different clinical groups. ", "The reader will: (1) recognize the importance of early communication skills assessment in infants and toddlers; (2) identify the possible limitations of relying on a single parent report in screening infants and toddlers; (3) describe the factors that might affect screening results when caregiver questionnaires are used; (4) be able to better assess parental concern." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Water stress alleviation by polyamines and phenolic compounds in Scrophularia striata is mediated by NO and H2O2.", "\nPlants respond to water stress through a variety of mechanisms, depending on metabolites preferences and their available resources. ", "This work was performed to elucidate the cross-talk between signaling molecules (polyamines (PAs), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO)), phenolic compounds and osmolytes (phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), phenolic acids, flavonoids, soluble sugars and amino acids) under water stress in Scrophularia striata plants. ", "The results revealed that PAs, NO levels were enhanced in the plants, earlier in response to polyethylene glycol-induced water stress. ", "The antioxidative mechanisms with increased activity of catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and also phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), as key enzymes in phenolic pathway were deployed in response to the stress. ", "Mannose, glucose, xylose/rhamnose which are involved in PhGs biosynthesis as well as in serving osmotic adjustment were modulated. ", "The elevated content of arginine and methionine as PAs precursors and tyrosine and phenylalanine as PhGs precursors was enhanced by water stress and was significantly associated with PAs and PhGs accumulations. ", "Metabolic profiling revealed new information about relationship between stress signal molecules; PAs, NO and H2O2, osmolytes (sugers, PhGs) and phenolic compounds which involved in the improvement of water stress tolerance in S. striata." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Alan Paller, director of research, SANS Institute\n\nJared Serbu, Reporter, Federal News Radio\n\nIn Depth's Francis Rose on the DorobekINSIDER\n\nThese are the stories Federal News Radio reporters are working on today.", "\n\nLawmakers will announce tomorrow the next competition in the US Cyber Challenge, a program the government hopes will create a new generation of cybersecurity experts. ", "The new program, Cyber Foundations, is aimed at individual high school students. ", "The Navy will provide full college scholarships to the winners. ", "Alan Paller, the director of research at the SANS Institute, says there is already a competition for teams of high school students, but it's important to give all kids the opportunity to compete. ", "Reporter Meg Beasley will have the full report.", "\n\nThe VA says the Post 9-11 GI bill is among the most complicated benefits they've ever had to administer. ", "But IT automation has helped them cut the processing time for new claims pretty dramatically. ", "Reporter Jared Serbu will have the full report." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Shear Bond Strength of Composite and Ceromer Superstructures to Direct Laser Sintered and Ni-Cr-Based Infrastructures Treated with KTP, Nd:YAG, and Er:YAG Lasers: An Experimental Study.", "\nThe aim of this study was to examine the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceromer and nanohybrid composite to direct laser sintered (DLS) Cr-Co and Ni-Cr-based metal infrastructures treated with erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG), neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), and potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser modalities in in vitro settings. ", "Experimental specimens had four sets (n = 32) including two DLS infrastructures with ceromer and nanohybrid composite superstructures and two Ni-Cr-based infrastructures with ceromer and nanohybrid composite superstructures. ", "Of each infrastructure set, the specimens randomized into four treatment modalities (n = 8): no treatment (controls) and Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, and KTP lasers. ", "The infrastructures were prepared in the final dimensions of 7 × 3 mm. ", "Ceromer and nanohybrid composite was applied to the infrastructures after their surface treatments according to randomization. ", "The SBS of specimens was measured to test the efficacy of surface treatments. ", "Representative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images after laser treatments were obtained. ", "Overall, in current experimental settings, Nd:YAG, KTP, and Er:YAG lasers, in order of efficacy, are effective to improve the bonding of ceromer and nanohybrid composite to the DLS and Ni-Cr-based infrastructures (p < 0.05). ", "Nd:YAG laser is more effective in the DLS/ceromer infrastructures (p < 0.05). ", "KTP laser, as second more effective preparation, is more effective in the DLS/ceromer infrastructures (p < 0.05). ", "SEM findings presented moderate accordance with these findings. ", "The results of this study supported the bonding of ceromer and nanohybrid composite superstructures to the DLS and Ni-Cr-based infrastructures suggesting that laser modalities, in order of success, Nd:YAG, KTP, and Er:YAG, are effective to increase bonding of these structures." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow can I add numbers in a Bash script?", "\n\nI have this Bash script and I had a problem in line 16.", "\nHow can I take the previous result of line 15 and add\nit to the variable in line 16?", "\n#!", "/bin/bash\n\nnum=0\nmetab=0\n\nfor ((i=1; i<=2; i++)); do\n for j in `ls output-$i-*`; do\n echo \"$j\"\n\n metab=$(cat $j|grep EndBuffer|awk '{sum+=$2} END { print sum/120}') (line15)\n num= $num + $metab (line16)\n done\n echo \"$num\"\n done\n\nA:\n\nFor integers:\n\nUse arithmetic expansion: $((EXPR))\nnum=$((num1 + num2))\nnum=$(($num1 + $num2)) # Also works\nnum=$((num1 + 2 + 3)) # ...\nnum=$[num1+num2] # Old, deprecated arithmetic expression syntax\n\nUsing the external expr utility. ", "Note that this is only needed for really old systems.", "\nnum=`expr $num1 + $num2` # Whitespace for expr is important\n\nFor floating point:\nBash doesn't directly support this, but there are a couple of external tools you can use:\nnum=$(awk \"BEGIN {print $num1+$num2; exit}\")\nnum=$(python -c \"print $num1+$num2\")\nnum=$(perl -e \"print $num1+$num2\")\nnum=$(echo $num1 + $num2 | bc) # Whitespace for echo is important\n\nYou can also use scientific notation (for example, 2.5e+2).", "\n\nCommon pitfalls:\n\nWhen setting a variable, you cannot have whitespace on either side of =, otherwise it will force the shell to interpret the first word as the name of the application to run (for example, num= or num)\nnum= 1 num =2\nbc and expr expect each number and operator as a separate argument, so whitespace is important. ", "They cannot process arguments like 3+ +4.", "\nnum=`expr $num1+ $num2`\n\nA:\n\nUse the $(( )) arithmetic expansion.", "\nnum=$(( $num + $metab ))\n\nSee Chapter 13. ", "Arithmetic Expansion for more information.", "\n\nA:\n\nThere are a thousand and one ways to do it. ", "Here's one using dc (a reverse-polish desk calculator which supports unlimited precision arithmetic):\ndc <<<\"$num1 $num2 + p\"\n\nBut if that's too bash-y for you (or portability matters) you could say\necho $num1 $num2 + p | dc\n\nBut maybe you're one of those people who thinks RPN is icky and weird; don't worry! ", "bc is here for you:\nbc <<< \"$num1 + $num2\"\necho $num1 + $num2 | bc\n\nThat said, there are some unrelated improvements you could be making to your script:\n#!", "/bin/bash\n\nnum=0\nmetab=0\n\nfor ((i=1; i<=2; i++)); do\n for j in output-$i-* ; do # 'for' can glob directly, no need to ls\n echo \"$j\"\n\n # 'grep' can read files, no need to use 'cat'\n metab=$(grep EndBuffer \"$j\" | awk '{sum+=$2} END { print sum/120}')\n num=$(( $num + $metab ))\n done\n echo \"$num\"\ndone\n\nAs described in Bash FAQ 022, Bash does not natively support floating point numbers. ", "If you need to sum floating point numbers the use of an external tool (like bc or dc) is required.", "\nIn this case the solution would be\nnum=$(dc <<<\"$num $metab + p\")\n\nTo add accumulate possibly-floating-point numbers into num.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Q:\n\nTypeError: 'str' object is not callable with driver.current_url() (Python 3.6)(Selenium)\n\nMy code:\nhttps://pastebin.com/WKHZwAib\nimport selenium\nfrom selenium import webdriver as web\n\nurl = 'https://www.wta.org/go-outside/hikes/hike_search? ", "sort=&rating=0&mileage:float:list=0.0&mileage:float:list=25.0&title=&region=all&searchabletext=&filter=Search&subregion=all&b_start:int=0&show_incomplete=on&elevationgain:int:list=0&elevationgain:int:list=5000&highpoint='\n\ndriver = web.", "Chrome('D:/Development/Projects/Test/test/chromedriver')\n\ndriver.get(url)\n\ndriver.current_url() \n\nI am getting TypeError: 'str' object is not callable on driver.current_url(). ", "Any tips on how I can resolve this? ", "\nI am going to be running through the pages on this site and grabbing each URL. ", "If there is another way to do this that would avoid this, let me know. ", "\nThanks in advance.", "\n\nA:\n\nUse only driver.current_url instead of driver.current_url().", "\nFrom the docs:\n\nSome attributes are callable (or methods) and others are non-callable\n (properties). ", "All the callable attributes are ending with round\n brackets.", "\n\nSo, current_url is a property and not a method hence you don't call it.", "\nUsage Example (Python 3) :\nmy_url = driver.current_url\nprint(my_url)\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Correlation between hepatic transport of cholephilic organic anions and their effect on hepatic mitochondrial respiration.", "\nThe maximum biliary excretion rate (Tm) of some nonmetabolized organic anions was investigated in anaesthetized male rats and was found to increase in the following order: indocyanine green (ICG), rose bengal (RB), bromsulphthalein (BSP; its conjugation with glutathione was prevented by diethyl maleate), bromcresol green (BCG), eosine (E), BSP-glutathione conjugate (BSP-GSH), iodoxamic acid (IA) and amaranth (A). ", "The accumulation of ICG, RB, BSP and BCG in liver was relatively high, whereas E, BSP-GSH,IA and A were taken up by the liver in a lower concentration. ", "ICG, RB, BSP and BCG decreased the biliary flow, however, E, BSP-GSH, IA and A stimulated it. ", "ICG, RB and BSP had a strong, BCG and E a moderate, inhibitory effect on hepatic mitochondrial respiration stimulated by ADP, DNP and glutamate-malate, whereas BSP-GSH, IA and A had no effect on this process. ", "Our results suggest that the depressing effect of cholephilic organic anions on bile production and their low biliary excretion rates are connected with their inhibitory effects on mitochondrial respiration." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "\nTo review the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and therapy of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ", "Articles pertaining to the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and supportive therapy of ARDS were chosen from a computerized literature search. ", "Recent review articles addressing the specifics of treatment in an intensive care unit are cited rather than restating these specific aspects. ", "Primary literature was chosen in reference to the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and supportive therapy of ARDS. ", "Both human and animal studies were included. ", "Review articles were cited regarding areas of ARDS supportive therapy rather than citing the primary literature. ", "Only peer-reviewed primary literature sources were chosen to describe the specifics of pathophysiology and epidemiology. ", "When human data were unavailable, animal studies were cited. ", "Recent review articles were cited for specifics on supportive therapy. ", "Consensus regarding the definition of ARDS and the difficulties of performing large controlled trials in patients with ARDS has made development of new modalities problematic. ", "Understanding the underlying pathophysiology and risk factors for mortality are key to supportive therapy. ", "Although many pharmacologic agents are being tested in patients with ARDS, attention to the aspects of supportive therapy is the only method to decrease mortality. ", "The mortality of ARDS continues to be 70%. ", "Pharmacists can play an active role in the supportive therapy of patients with ARDS, which is currently the only way to impact mortality." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "San Mattia, Rome\n\nSan Mattia is a Roman Catholic parish church in Rome dedicated to saint Matthias. ", "Designed by Ignazio Breccia, it is located on via Corrado Alvaro in the Monte Sacro Alto quarter. ", "It has a marble altar, an olive-shaped sanctuary, a square overall plan and a 'sampietrini' floor made of cubes of porphyry. ", "Seven grooves in the ceiling, converging on the presbytery, symbolise the seven sacraments.", "\n\nHistory\nIts parish was established by decree of cardinal vicar Clemente Micara \"Paulus Div. ", "Prov. ", "Papa VI\" on 18 June 1964, but it first stone was only laid on 11 May 1968. ", "It was opened on 22 November 1969 by monsignor Ugo Poletti, who also consecrated it on 16 December 1978.", "\n\nReferences\n\nMatthia\nCategory:Rome Q. XXVIII Monte Sacro Alto\nCategory:Churches completed in the 1970s" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Q:\n\nGeoQuery and GeoFire listeners clashing resulting in random results\n\nIn short, I am working on an app which is meant to get the current user last known location and show nearby users (within radius of 30km) on Swipe Cards. ", "I am using FireBase and GeoFire to accomplish this. ", "Before I implemented location querying, I was only using \n\nonChildAdded()\n\nlistener to fetch all the users from the database - and it worked fine. ", "\nHowever, when I added location querying which uses another set of listeners, I started to get random and unexpected results. ", "For instance duplicates - it would fetch all users twice and then display them on two subsequent cards, i.e. I would swipe user A the first time and then the same user would appear on the following card again. ", "To add to the confusion, this only happens sometimes. ", "I am new to GeoFire, but I am suspecting the listeners are somehow clashing. ", "\nHere's my code:\n1) in onCreate(), I check for location permissions. ", "Subsequently, I request location updates using FusedLocationProviderClient every two minutes. ", "All working fine and as expected.", "\n2) every two minutes, I receive the current location and this onLocationResult() callback is triggered:\n// location callback - get location updates here:\nLocationCallback mLocationCallback = new LocationCallback() {\n @Override\n public void onLocationResult(LocationResult locationResult) {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"onLocationResult triggered!\");", "\n for(Location location : locationResult.getLocations()) {\n mCurrentLocation = location;\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"Lat: \" + mCurrentLocation.getLatitude() + \", Long: \" + mCurrentLocation.getLongitude());\n // write current location to geofire:\n mGeofireDB = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference(\"Locations\");\n GeoFire geofire = new GeoFire(mGeofireDB);\n geofire.setLocation(mCurrentUserID, new GeoLocation(mCurrentLocation.getLatitude(), mCurrentLocation.getLongitude()), new GeoFire.", "CompletionListener() {\n @Override\n public void onComplete(String key, DatabaseError error) {\n if (error !", "= null) {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"There was an error saving the location to GeoFire: \" + error);\n } else {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"Location saved on server successfully!\");", "\n // check current user sex:\n checkSex();\n\n // find nearby users of the current user's location:\n getNearbyUsers();\n // here's rest of the code which takes the list of cards created by getNearbyUsers() and displays those cards\n\n3) once the location has been written to the database successfully, I call checkSex() method which is self-explanatory and working fine. ", "Then, I am trying to get nearby users with GeoQuery in the function below. ", "\n// get all nearby users:\nprivate void getNearbyUsers() {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"getNearbyUsers() triggered!\");", "\n mLocationsDB = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference().child(\"Locations\");\n GeoFire geoFire = new GeoFire(mLocationsDB);\n GeoQuery geoQuery = geoFire.queryAtLocation(new GeoLocation(mCurrentLocation.getLatitude(), mCurrentLocation.getLongitude()), mCurrentUserProximityRadius);\n geoQuery.removeAllListeners();\n geoQuery.addGeoQueryEventListener(new GeoQueryEventListener() {\n // user has been found within the radius:\n @Override\n public void onKeyEntered(String key, GeoLocation location) {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"User \" + key + \" just entered the radius. ", "Going to display it as a potential match!\");", "\n nearbyUsersList.add(key);\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onKeyExited(String key) {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"User \" + key + \" just exited the radius.\");", "\n\n if (Build.", "VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.", "VERSION_CODES.N) {\n mCardList.removeIf(obj -> obj.getUserID().equals(key));\n mCardArrayAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"User \" + key + \" removed from the list.\");", "\n } else {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"User should have exited the radius but didn't! ", "TODO support older versions of Android!\");", "\n }\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onKeyMoved(String key, GeoLocation location) {\n\n }\n\n // all users within the radius have been identified:\n @Override\n public void onGeoQueryReady() {\n displayPotentialMatches();\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onGeoQueryError(DatabaseError error) {\n\n }\n });\n}\n// end of getNearbyUsers()\n\nI retrieve all the users within the radius (onKeyEntered()) and add them to the nearbyUsersList. ", "Once all the users have been found and added to the list (yet another listener - onGeoQueryReady()), I finally call displayPotentialMatches() method, where I check if the user from database is in the nearbyUsersList and if yes, I add them to mCardList and notify the adapter about the change:\n// retrieve users from database and display them on cards, based on the location and various filters:\nprivate void displayPotentialMatches() {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"displayPotentialMatches() triggered!\");", "\n mUsersDB.addChildEventListener(new ChildEventListener() {\n @Override\n public void onChildAdded(DataSnapshot dataSnapshot, String s) {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"displayPotentialMatches ON CHILD ADDED listener triggered!\");", "\n // check if there is any new potential match and if the current user hasn't swiped with them yet:\n if (dataSnapshot.child(\"Sex\").getValue() !", "= null) {\n if (dataSnapshot.exists()\n && !", "dataSnapshot.child(\"Connections\").child(\"NoMatch\").hasChild(mCurrentUserID)\n && !", "dataSnapshot.child(\"Connections\").child(\"YesMatch\").hasChild(mCurrentUserID)\n && !", "dataSnapshot.getKey().equals(mCurrentUserID)\n // TODO display users based on current user sex preference:\n && dataSnapshot.child(\"Sex\").getValue().toString().equals(mCurrentUserOppositeSex)\n // location check:\n && nearbyUsersList.contains(dataSnapshot.getKey())\n ) {\n String profilePictureURL = \"default\";\n if (!", "dataSnapshot.child(\"ProfilePictureURL\").getValue().equals(\"default\")) {\n profilePictureURL = dataSnapshot.child(\"ProfilePictureURL\").getValue().toString();\n }\n // POPULATE THE CARD WITH THE DATABASE INFO:\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", dataSnapshot.getKey() + \" passed all the match checks!\");", "\n Card potentialMatch = new Card(dataSnapshot.getKey(), dataSnapshot.child(\"Name\").getValue().toString(), profilePictureURL);\n mCardList.add(potentialMatch);\n mCardArrayAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();\n }\n }\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onChildChanged(DataSnapshot dataSnapshot, String s) {\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onChildRemoved(DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onChildMoved(DataSnapshot dataSnapshot, String s) {\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onCancelled(DatabaseError databaseError) {\n }\n });\n} // end of displayPotentialMatches()\n\nThis code is followed by piece of code which takes that list and displays those users on cards. ", "This piece of code was tested before I implemented GeoQuerying and was working fine so I am not including it here. ", "It is still within the location result callback.", "\nI am quite sure that if I didn't need to use so many listeners (onKeyEntered, onGeoQueryReady, onChildAdded), it would be working as expected. ", "I would just get all the data from database in onGeoQueryReady listener and once this would be ready, the code which displays users on cards would be executed. ", "\nHowever, since you need to use listener even when getting data from FireBase - onChildAdded (I get it - it's realtime), it results in unexpected results/duplicates. ", "Sometimes it works and sometimes I get duplicates (the same user on two cards in a row) as mentioned above. ", "But notifyDataSetChanged is only called in onChildAdded listener. ", "\nWhat am I missing here? ", "Are the listeners clashing in some way (e.g. one being called and then the other without the first one being finished)? ", "Or is the piece of code which displays the users on cards called without all the listeners being completed and therefore both onGeoQueryReady and onChildAdded triggers it? ", "If this is the case, is there a way to only execute this piece of code once both listeners have finished? ", "\nPlease let me know if you need anything else, e.g. a screenshot of the log. ", "Any help would be much appreciated. ", "\n\nA:\n\nFirst you don't need to always initialize the geofire instances when the location changes. ", "Second don't wait for the geo query ready in listener. ", "\nMake these variable class level :\nmGeofireDB = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference(\"Locations\");\nmUsersDB = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference(\"users\");\nGeoFire geofire = new GeoFire(mGeofireDB);\nGeoQuery geoQueryNearByUser=null;\n\nGeoQueryEventListener geoQueryEventListener=new GeoQueryEventListener() {\n // user has been found within the radius:\n @Override\n public void onKeyEntered(String key, GeoLocation location) {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"User \" + key + \" just entered the radius. ", "Going to display it as a potential match!\");", "\n nearbyUsersList.add(key);\n mUsersDB.child(key).addListenerForSingleValueEvent(new ValueEventListener() {\n @Override\n public void onDataChange(DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {\n if (dataSnapshot.exists()){\n if (dataSnapshot.child(\"Sex\").getValue() !", "= null) {\n if (dataSnapshot.exists()\n && !", "dataSnapshot.child(\"Connections\").child(\"NoMatch\").hasChild(mCurrentUserID)\n && !", "dataSnapshot.child(\"Connections\").child(\"YesMatch\").hasChild(mCurrentUserID)\n && !", "dataSnapshot.getKey().equals(mCurrentUserID)\n // TODO display users based on current user sex preference:\n && dataSnapshot.child(\"Sex\").getValue().toString().equals(mCurrentUserOppositeSex)\n // location check:\n && nearbyUsersList.contains(dataSnapshot.getKey())\n ) {\n String profilePictureURL = \"default\";\n if (!", "dataSnapshot.child(\"ProfilePictureURL\").getValue().equals(\"default\")) {\n profilePictureURL = dataSnapshot.child(\"ProfilePictureURL\").getValue().toString();\n }\n // POPULATE THE CARD WITH THE DATABASE INFO:\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", dataSnapshot.getKey() + \" passed all the match checks!\");", "\n Card potentialMatch = new Card(dataSnapshot.getKey(), dataSnapshot.child(\"Name\").getValue().toString(), profilePictureURL);\n mCardList.add(potentialMatch);\n mCardArrayAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();\n }\n }\n }\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onCancelled(DatabaseError databaseError) {\n\n }\n });\n\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onKeyExited(String key) {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"User \" + key + \" just exited the radius.\");", "\n\n if (Build.", "VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.", "VERSION_CODES.N) {\n mCardList.removeIf(obj -> obj.getUserID().equals(key));\n mCardArrayAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"User \" + key + \" removed from the list.\");", "\n } else {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"User should have exited the radius but didn't! ", "TODO support older versions of Android!\");", "\n }\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onKeyMoved(String key, GeoLocation location) {\n\n }\n\n // all users within the radius have been identified:\n @Override\n public void onGeoQueryReady() {\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onGeoQueryError(DatabaseError error) {\n\n }\n};\n\nI change geoquery above so that as soon as the key for user is available get that specific user data and add card to the adapter.", "\nLocation call back:\nIn location call back only use the last location. ", "Looping the location array will result in anomaly, since you are firing multiple geo query listeners at once \n // location callback - get location updates here:\nLocationCallback mLocationCallback = new LocationCallback() {\n @Override\n public void onLocationResult(LocationResult locationResult) {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"onLocationResult triggered!\");", "\n\n mCurrentLocation = locationResult.getLastLocation();\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"Lat: \" + mCurrentLocation.getLatitude() + \", Long: \" + mCurrentLocation.getLongitude());\n // write current location to geofire:\n geofire.setLocation(mCurrentUserID, new GeoLocation(mCurrentLocation.getLatitude(), mCurrentLocation.getLongitude()), new GeoFire.", "CompletionListener() {\n @Override\n public void onComplete(String key, DatabaseError error) {\n if (error !", "= null) {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"There was an error saving the location to GeoFire: \" + error);\n } else {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"Location saved on server successfully!\");", "\n // check current user sex:\n checkSex();\n\n // find nearby users of the current user's location:\n getNearbyUsers();\n }\n }\n }\n\n }\n};\n\nInstead of again initializing the query we check if the query instance is present the only update the center of the query with the user's current location.", "\n// get all nearby users:\nprivate void getNearbyUsers() {\n Log.d(\"MainActivity\", \"getNearbyUsers() triggered!\");", "\n\n GeoLocation currentLocationGeoHash = new GeoLocation(mCurrentLocation.getLatitude(), mCurrentLocation.getLongitude());\n if(geoQueryNearByUser == null){\n geoQueryNearByUser = geoFire.queryAtLocation(currentLocationGeoHash, mCurrentUserProximityRadius);\n\n geoQueryNearByUser.addGeoQueryEventListener(geoQueryEventListener);\n }\n else {\n geoQueryNearByUser.setCenter(currentLocationGeoHash);\n }\n\n}\n// end of getNearbyUsers()\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "10% off MUSC's Most Popular Weight Loss Programs!", "\n\nWe at the MUSC Weight Management Center hope you enjoyed your time with friends and family this holiday season. ", "As you're settling into a new year and back into your work routine, we'd like to bring your attention back to your weight and health - both of which may have taken a slight (or perhaps, not-so-slight) hit over the past few festive months.", "\n\nWhen you enroll by Jan. 31, you will save an additional 10% off the cost of your program (includes First Step, Focus, Focus-23, Focus-27, and HealthFast)! ", "As an MUSC employee, you will also receive an employee discount and have the option of payroll deducting your program over 12 months. ", "You can even payroll deduct for a significant other (even if you don't do a program yourself)!", "\n\nThe MUSC Weight Management Center is staffed with the most comprehensive team of weight management professionals anywhere in the Lowcountry, and we've been doing this for over 38 years.", "\n\nCall for a free program orientation to help you decide which program would be best for you." ]

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[ "Merton's Correspondence with:\n\nRoucoulet, Gerald P.\n\nGerald P. Roucoulet was a college seminarian in his early twenties studying for the diocesan priesthood at Christ the King Seminary in St. Bonaventure, New York. ", "He was considering the monastic life and asks for Merton's advice." ]

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[ "[Problems of hygienic standardization of electromagnetic fields produced by teletransmitting objects].", "\nMaximum allowable electromagnetic field levels produced by teletransmitting stations and differentiated by frequency have been described. ", "The prospects of further studies on the improvement of hygienic standardization of electromagnetic fields have been set forth." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Kamendol\n\nKamendol (Serbian Cyrillic: Камендол) is a suburban settlement of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. ", "It is located in the Belgrade's municipality of Grocka.", "\n\nKamendol is located in the eastern part of the municipality, near the border of the municipality of Grocka (and the City of Belgrade) and municipality of Smederevo (and the Podunavlje District). ", "It is 10 km away from the municipal seat of Grocka, and over 40 km east of Belgrade. ", "Kamendol is halfway on the Brestovik-Umčari road, which connects the road of Smederevski put and Belgrade-Niš highway.", "\n\nKamendol is a small, depopulating village (population of 1,372 in 1991 and 1,067 in 2002). ", "The name of the village is Serbian for the \nrock valley.", "\n\nCategory:Suburbs of Belgrade\nCategory:Šumadija" ]

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[ "The combined use of the decision tree technique and the computer-assisted microscope analysis of feulgen-stained nuclei as an aid for astrocytic tumor aggressiveness characterization.", "\nA systematic and thus objective method is proposed to characterize astrocytic tumor aggressiveness. ", "This method relies upon the combined use of a specific decisional algorithm (the decision tree) and 23 parameters which include 15 morphonuclear parameters describing the geometric, densitometric, and textural features of a cell nucleus, and 8 parameters describing the various levels of nuclear DNA content. ", "These 23 parameters were objectively quantified by means of the digital cell image analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei. ", "This methodology was used to investigate whether it could be applied as a diagnostic tool. ", "The biological model chosen included 12 cell lines adapted to grow in vitro and stemming from 4 astrocytomas (weakly malignant astrocytic tumors) and 6 glioblastomas (highly malignant ones). ", "The 2 additional cell lines were from two medulloblastomas (MED) (2 highly malignant primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors). ", "The results demonstrate unambiguously that it is actually possible to distinguish between low-grade and high-grade tumors on the basis of these parameters, which describe their morphonuclear features and the amount of their nuclear content. ", "However, a clear-cut distinction between these different types of tumors can only be attained when a specific technique is used. ", "In the present case this was the decision tree technique. ", "We were not able to distinguish between these various histopathological groups when we used conventional statistical methods including the one-way-variance analysis of data or the carrying out of the X(2) test." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Effect of an opiate antagonist (naloxone) on the gastric acid secretory response to sham feeding, pentagastrin, and histamine in man.", "\nWe studied the effect of the opiate antagonist naloxone on the human gastric acid secretory response to three secretory stimulants: sham feeding, pentagastrin, and histamine. ", "Intravenous naloxone (40 micrograms/kg/hr) significantly inhibited the acid secretory response to sham feeding without affecting the serum gastrin response to sham feeding. ", "Naloxone also significantly reduced pentagastrin- and histamine-stimulated acid secretion. ", "These studies indicate that naloxone reduces acid secretion in response to all stimulants of acid secretion yet tested in humans." ]

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[ "Laporan Wartawan TribunTravel.com, Ambar Purwaningrum\n\nTRIBUNTRAVEL.COM - Reddit merupakan sebuah situs web dengan hampir semua informasi yang dibutuhkan pengguna ada di dalamnya.", "\n\nDi sana pengguna bisa menemukan beragam artikel berita, blog lucu, dan bahkan video.", "\n\nNamun, tak ada postingan normal seperti yang kita bayangkan.", "\n\nAda postingan artikel, video atau foto yang diunggah pengguna terbilang cukup misterius.", "\n\nMulai dari foto penampakan sampai penemuan bangunan misterius.", "\n\nMereka bukan hanya mencerikan kisahnya anehnya, bahkan sampai menunjukkan video atau gambar dari temuan itu.", "\n\nDilansir TribunTravel.com dari laman theclever.com berikut 5 hal paling misterius yang ditemukan di Reddit.", "\n\n1. ", "Stalker Twitter\n\n(thecleverimages.com)\n\nSeorang pengguna Reddit membukukan kisah tentang bagaimana seseorang membuat akun Twitter palsu untuk berpura-pura menjadi dirinya." ]

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[ "Grantchester returns to Chelmsford\n\nWednesday, September 6, 2017\n\nGRANTCHESTER ran a very good race on his debut at Chelmsford and returns to the track tomorrow evening. ", "He is running over the same trip again of 10 furlongs and is drawn 5 of the 8 runners. ", "It was very satisfying to get him on a racecourse as he has had his training problems and it was even better that he ran a decent race. ", "He is a very genuine horse and we just hope he can build on his racecourse debut tomorrow." ]

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[ "If you were hoping for some undead action in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare then you're out of luck, as there's no zombies mode in the latest Call of Duty. ", "Campaign Gameplay Director Jacob Minkoff dropped the news in an interview with Playstation Lifestyle , saying that \"we’re trying to create an authentic, realistic feeling world. ", "We don’t have the flexibility to do something like put zombies in the game. ", "That would compromise the feeling of playing in a world that feels realistic and authentic and relative to today’s conflicts and things we face\".", "\n\nFrom the sounds of it, this year's Call of Duty is leaning hard into the realism angle, and we thankfully haven't yet got to the stage of human history where glowing-eyed zombies are a reality thanks to a virus/curse/alien invasion. ", "Minkoff mentioned that previous games like Black Ops 4 included zombies \"because they focus on more of the stylized, graphic novel, super-hero experience, [so] they can have the much more ‘out there’ different types of gameplay in their games\", whereas Modern Warfare is dealing with (perhaps) uncomfortably realistic issues like the terrorist cell al-Qaeda.", "\n\nFor Infinity Ward it sounds like there was simply no way to make a zombies mode work alongside real-life issues like terrorism, as according to Minkoff when it comes to gameplay and story progression in particular \"knowing that we needed to keep it more similar across the different modes, we decided to really lean into that, and make it completely continuous\". ", "Looks like even without a zombies mode there's still going to be plenty to keep you busy in Modern Warfare, and we'll just have to wait until October 25 to see it in action." ]

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[ "# To enable ProGuard in your project, edit project.properties\n# to define the proguard.config property as described in that file.", "\n#\n# Add project specific ProGuard rules here.", "\n# By default, the flags in this file are appended to flags specified\n# in ${sdk.dir}/tools/proguard/proguard-android.txt\n# You can edit the include path and order by changing the ProGuard\n# include property in project.properties.", "\n#\n# For more details, see\n# http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/proguard.html\n\n# Add any project specific keep options here:\n\n# If your project uses WebView with JS, uncomment the following\n# and specify the fully qualified class name to the JavaScript interface\n# class:\n#-keepclassmembers class fqcn.of.javascript.interface.for.webview {\n# public *;\n#}\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nhow to get all the data from query and put it input box using jquery\n\ni want to get all data to be put in input box where i will select in option box the name of the ingredients that i want to view for example in my data my \ningID has a 1,2,3\nname has a potato,carrot,beans\nkilo has a 3,4,5\nif i have select the potato the value in input ingID will be 1 and value of input name will be potato and value of input kilo will be 5\nis this possible?", "\n<input type=\"text\" id=\"ingID\" name=\"ID\">\n<input type=\"text\" id=\"name\" name=\"name\">\n<input type=\"text\" id=\"kilo\" name=\"kilo\">\n\n<?", "php\n include \"core/database/connect.php\";\n $result = mysql_query(\"SELECT ingID , name , kilo FROM ingredients\");\n while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {\n echo '<option value = \" ' .$row[\"name\"]. ' \" ", ">'.$row[\"name\"].'</option>';\n } \n?", "> \n\nA:\n\nYou could also use data attribute for that.", "\ninclude \"core/database/connect.php\";\n $result = mysql_query(\"SELECT ingID , name , kilo FROM ingredients\");\n $select = \"<select class='getData'>\";\n while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {\n $select .= '<option value = \" ' .$row[\"name\"]. ' \" ", " data-kilo=\"'.$row[\"kilo\"].'\" ", "data-name=\"'.$row[\"name\"].'\" ", " data-ingID=\"'.$row[\"ingID\"].'\">'.$row[\"name\"].'</option>';\n } \n $select .= \"</select>\";\n echo $select;\n\nAnd your jquery code.", "\n$(document).ready(function(){\n\n $(\".getData\").bind('click',function(){\n var name = $(this).attr('data-name');\n var kilo = $(this).attr('data-kilo');\n var ingID = $(this).attr('data-ingID');\n\n $(\"#ingID\").val(ingID);\n $(\"#name\").val(name);\n $(\"#kilo\").val(kilo);\n\n })\n})\n\n" ]

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[ "Introduction {#sec1-0961203312460722}\n============\n\nThe antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombotic and/or pregnancy morbidity associated with the presence of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs).^[@bibr1-0961203312460722]^ There are many other clinical manifestations associated with persistent aPL (including immune thrombocytopenia, livedo reticularis, migraine, valvular heart disease and cognitive dysfunction), and, while these conditions are not considered diagnostic for APS, they are frequently encountered and require clinical attention.", "\n\nThe updated international consensus (Sydney) classification (ICS) criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome^[@bibr1-0961203312460722]^ require the presence of a lupus anticoagulant (LA) and/or IgG or IgM anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) present in medium or high titre (i.e. \\>40 GPL or MPL or \\>99^th^ percentile), and/or anti-β~2~glycoprotein-1 (aβ~2~GPI) (IgG and/or IgM) \\>99^th^ percentile. ", "These aPL should be persistent, defined as being present on two or more consecutive occasions at least 12 weeks apart. ", "The international consensus criteria were originally designed for scientific clinical studies and were never intended for diagnostic use. ", "Consequently, there remains a need for firm diagnostic criteria for routine clinical use, which may differ from these.", "\n\nThe criteria for the laboratory diagnosis of APS remain controversial. ", "It has been proposed by some that the Sydney laboratory criteria should be modified such that testing for aβ~2~GPI should be limited to measurements of IgG aβ~2~GPI only and testing for aCL should be omitted.^[@bibr2-0961203312460722]^ The basis for this is that in a systematic review, LA showed the highest strength of association with thrombotic complications^[@bibr3-0961203312460722],[@bibr4-0961203312460722]^ and IgG but not IgM aβ~2~GPI was associated with thrombosis. ", "In addition, Opatrny et al. ", "reported in a meta-analysis that LA was also most strongly associated with late (\\>13 and \\<24 weeks) recurrent fetal loss.^[@bibr4-0961203312460722]^ Galli et al.^[@bibr3-0961203312460722]^ also drew attention to the need to produce guidelines, which were subsequently published,^[@bibr5-0961203312460722]^ attempting to standardize more clearly the criteria for the detection of LA.", "\n\nOthers have argued that it is premature to consider reducing the number of assays used in the diagnosis of APS. ", "The systematic review by Galli et al.^[@bibr3-0961203312460722]^ referred to above also suggested that medium- or high-titre IgG aCL may represent a possible risk factor for thrombosis. ", "We and others have previously reported that omission of aCL testing from the clinical investigation of APS could lead to a failure to diagnose the syndrome in a proportion of patients,^[@bibr6-0961203312460722]--[@bibr8-0961203312460722]^ and, in a multicentre prospective European women cohort, isolated aCL and/or aβ~2~GPI positivity was found in a proportion of women with obstetric APS.^[@bibr7-0961203312460722]^ The cut-off for serological positivity is also contentious. ", "It has been reported that women with obstetric APS (without systemic thromboembolism) have lower aCL antibody titres than patients with a thrombotic history.^[@bibr9-0961203312460722]^ Data from a retrospective cohort study^[@bibr10-0961203312460722]^ and also in the prospective European cohort^[@bibr7-0961203312460722]^ suggest that low-titre aCL, defined as those between the 95^th^ and 99^th^ percentiles rather than the 99^th^ percentile as suggested in the ICS criteria, are of clinical significance for women with purely obstetric APS.", "\n\nWahl et al. ", "suggested that modifications of the serological criteria for the diagnosis of APS should in the future be based on new data and on appropriate systematic reviews.^[@bibr8-0961203312460722]^ The proposed entity of seronegative APS, where patients have characteristic clinical manifestations of APS but lack conventional serological markers, has also been given consideration in classification criteria for APS.^[@bibr11-0961203312460722]^ We report on serological criteria in a cohort of patients diagnosed to have APS, based on a comprehensive methodological approach which included testing for LA as well as IgG and IgM aCL and aβ~2~GPI.", "\n\nMethods {#sec2-0961203312460722}\n-------\n\n### Patients and samples {#sec3-0961203312460722}\n\nWe audited data on routine aPL testing retrospectively from a cohort of 193 consecutive patients attending the thrombosis and haemostasis, recurrent miscarriage or high-risk antenatal clinics at UCLH, who had persistent aPL positivity based on testing for LA, IgG and IgM aCL and aβ~2~GPI on two or more consecutive occasions at least 12 weeks apart. ", "Case ascertainment was based on review of the clinic letters of all patients attending the clinics specified above. ", "These clinic letters were saved prospectively in a dedicated area on the hospital electronic records system so that they were all immediately retrievable.", "\n\nIn patients with thrombotic APS, *high-risk* patients have been recognized in the literature to include those who experience recurrent venous events or arterial thrombosis.^[@bibr12-0961203312460722],[@bibr13-0961203312460722]^ However, there are no agreed published definitions for the categorization of the clinical severity of thrombotic, or obstetric, APS. ", "In this audit, *high-risk APS* was defined as the presence of any of the following clinical scenarios: recurrent objectively diagnosed thrombotic events; thromboses in both venous and arterial sites; both early and late pregnancy morbidity as defined in the Sydney clinical criteria for APS^[@bibr1-0961203312460722]^; both pregnancy morbidity and thrombotic events; and/or thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity whilst receiving anticoagulant therapy. ", "The remainder were categorized as *lower-risk*.", "\n\nVenous blood for LA was collected into 5 ml tubes containing one-tenth volume 0.105 M tri-sodium citrate (e.g. Vacutainer®, Becton Dickinson, Plymouth, UK) using 19 or 21 gauge needles and minimal stasis. ", "For LA, platelet-poor plasma was prepared by double centrifugation at room temperature at 2000 *g* for 15 minutes, and frozen in aliquots at −80°C until assayed. ", "aβ~2~GPI antibodies and aCL were performed on serum.", "\n\n### Antiphospholipid antibody assays {#sec4-0961203312460722}\n\nAll patients in the study cohort had persistent aPL--that is, aPL were present on two or more consecutive occasions at least 12 weeks apart.", "\n\naCL assays were performed using an in-house assay employing 10% fetal calf serum as a blocking agent^[@bibr14-0961203312460722]^ based on the work of Loizou et al.^[@bibr15-0961203312460722]^ and standardized using the polyclonal 'Harris' standards.^[@bibr15-0961203312460722],[@bibr16-0961203312460722]^ The Sydney laboratory criteria state that medium- or high-titre aCL are those above the 99^th^ percentile or 40 GPLU/MPLU. ", "In this study, aCL positivity was defined as: medium/high titre (99^th^ percentile) \\>20 GPLU/MPLU; low-titre (95--99^th^ percentile) IgG \\> 5 GPLU/MPLU. ", "For patients with thrombotic APS, the 99^th^ percentile cut-off was used to define aPL positivity. ", "However, a number of studies have suggested the 99^th^ percentile is too insensitive for clinical use for women with fulfilling Sydney clinical criteria for obstetric APS (and no systemic thrombotic manifestations)^[@bibr7-0961203312460722],[@bibr9-0961203312460722],[@bibr10-0961203312460722],[@bibr17-0961203312460722]^ so the 95^th^ percentile value was used to define in these patients.", "\n\nβ~2~GPI were measured using a commercial kit (Axis; Shield Diagnostics, Dundee, UK), based on a method developed in our department.^[@bibr18-0961203312460722]^ aβ~2~GPI positivity was defined as: low-titre (95--99^th^ percentile) IgG \\> 3.5 units, IgM \\> 3.0 units; medium/hightitre (99^th^ percentile) \\>15 units.", "\n\n#### Reference ranges for aCL and aβ~2~GPI were obtained from 240 normal healthy volunteers {#sec5-0961203312460722}\n\nLA testing and derivation of the local reference range were performed according to ISTH^[@bibr19-0961203312460722]^ and BCSH guidelines^[@bibr20-0961203312460722]^ current at that time, prior to publication of the updated ISTH criteria.^[@bibr5-0961203312460722]^ Briefly, samples were screened using the activated partial thromboplastin time (Pathromtin SL; Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany) and appropriate mixing studies. ", "LA activity was confirmed using a dilute Russell\\'s viper venom time (DRVVT) employing a platelet neutralization procedure (Pathway Diagnostics, Dorking, UK). ", "Patients receiving warfarin were tested using the Taipan venom time as previously described.^[@bibr20-0961203312460722],[@bibr21-0961203312460722]^ All patients had at least one DRVVT performed whilst not receiving warfarin.", "\n\n### Statistical analysis {#sec6-0961203312460722}\n\nNon-parametric statistical methods were used throughout. ", "The Mann--Whitney *U* test was used to test for statistically significant differences between medians. ", "Linear-by-linear association was assessed using the Mantel--Haenszel chi-squared test. ", "Statistical significance was defined as *p* \\< 0.05. ", "Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL).", "\n\nResults {#sec7-0961203312460722}\n=======\n\n[Figure 1](#fig1-0961203312460722){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows a flowchart of patient selection according to Sydney clinical criteria for APS, with clinical diagnoses summarized here. ", "One hundred and forty-five of the cohort of 193 patients had the following clinical manifestations which fulfilled the Sydney clinical criteria 1: thrombosis (total 91; arterial 33; venous 48; both arterial and venous 10); early and/or late pregnancy morbidity as defined in the Sydney clinical criteria for APS (54), with 14 of these 54 exhibiting both thrombotic and obstetric manifestations. ", "Nineteen of the 145 had underlying autoimmune disease (including 11 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), two of whom also had ITP, and a further two with ITP). ", "The remaining 48 of the 193 patients, who did not meet the Sydney clinical criteria, had the following diagnoses: immune thrombocytopenia (6), dystonia (4), migraine (12), multiple sclerosis (3), dementia (1), leprosy (1) or SLE (1). ", "Eight were referred with a history of obstetric morbidity which did not meet the Sydney criteria and 12 were asymptomatic. ", "These 48 patients will not be discussed further.", "Figure 1Flowchart showing patient selection according to Sydney clinical criteria for APS.", "\n\nThe distribution of aPL positivity is summarized in [Figure 2](#fig2-0961203312460722){ref-type=\"fig\"} and by clinical diagnoses in [Table 1](#table1-0961203312460722){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "Of the 145 patients who fulfilled the Sydney clinical criteria for APS, 100 also fulfilled the Sydney laboratory criteria; that is, if aCL and/or aβ~2~GPI were present their levels were greater than the 99^th^ percentile. ", "A further 26 women who fulfilled clinical criteria for purely obstetric APS (and without a history of thrombosis) had persistent low-titre aCL and/or aβ~2~GPI; that is, above the 95^th^ percentile but below the 99^th^ percentile, in the absence of LA. ", "Thus a total of 126/145 patients were considered to have APS according to our local criteria. ", "Sixty-seven of these 126 patients were LA-negative, of whom 12 had aCL positivity only, 37 had aβ~2~GPI positivity only, and 18 were positive for both aCL and aβ~2~GPI. ", "Consequently, omission of aCL or aβ~2~GPI from the laboratory investigation of APS would have resulted in the failure to diagnose APS in 9.5% and 29.4% of patients, respectively. ", "Twenty-two of these 67 patients had *high-risk APS* as defined in the Methods section above, of whom 11.5% had single positivity for aβ~2~GPI or aCL. ", "IgM aCL and/or aβ~2~GPI antibodies (1 aCL, 25 aβ~2~GPI, 3 aCL and aβ~2~GPI), alone or in association with IgG antibodies, were found in 53.7% (29/54) of women who fulfilled Sydney clinical criteria for purely obstetric APS.Figure 2Distribution of antiphospholipid positivity in 126 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome as detailed in [Figure 1](#fig1-0961203312460722){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "Table 1The distribution of antiphospholipid positivity by clinical diagnosesPregnancy morbidity (*n* = 40)Thrombosis (*n* = 105^[a](#table-fn1-0961203312460722){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}^)\\>99^th^ percentile\\>95^th ^\\< 99^th^ percentile\\>99^th^ percentile\\>95^th^ \\< 99^th^ percentile**IgG aβ~2~GPI**4 (10.0%)6 (15.0%)30 (28.6%)40 (38.1%)**IgM aβ~2~GPI**6 (15.0%)23 (57.5%)25 (23.8%)59 (56.2%)**IgG aCL**4 (10.0%)13 (32.5%)23 (21.9%)45 (42.9%)**IgM aCL**0 (0.0%)4 (10.0%)10 (9.5%)21 (20.0%)**LA positivity**6 (15.0%)^[b](#table-fn3-0961203312460722){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}^53 (50.5)^[b](#table-fn3-0961203312460722){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}^[^1][^2][^3][^4]\n\nIgG aCL and IgM aCL levels ([Figure 3](#fig3-0961203312460722){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and IgM aβ~2~GPI levels ([Figure 4](#fig4-0961203312460722){ref-type=\"fig\"}) were significantly higher in patients with a history of thrombosis than in women with a history of purely obstetric APS (*p* \\< 0.05). ", "Similarly the rate of LA positivity was also significantly higher in patients with a history of thrombosis compared with those with obstetric APS alone (50.5% v 15%; *p* = 0.0002).Figure 3Anticardiolipin (aCL) results by clinical history. ", "Pregnancy morbidity (*n* = 40), Thrombosis (*n* = 105, including 14 with both thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity). ", "All aCL values above the 95^th^ percentile are shown. ", "Horizontal bars represent the median titres. ", "Figure 4anti-β~2~glycoprotein-1 (aβ~2~GPI) results by clinical history. ", "Pregnancy morbidity (*n* = 40), thrombosis (*n* = 105, including 14 with both thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity). ", "All aβ~2~GPI values above the 95^th^ percentile are shown. ", "Horizontal bars represent the median titres.", "\n\n*High-risk APS,* as defined in the Methods section, was observed in 60 of the 145 (41%) patients fulfilling the Sydney clinical criteria for thrombosis or obstetric APS. ", "The number of positive tests (as defined by the Sydney laboratory criteria) was significantly associated with clinical severity in patients who fulfilled both clinical and laboratory Sydney criteria: 42.2% with one positive test, 41.2% with two positive tests; and 64.7% with three positive tests (*p* = 0.026). ", "In contrast, only 30.0% of patients with low-titre aPL alone had a clinical history consistent with *high-risk APS* as defined in the Methods section*.*", "\n\nWith regard to the association between positivity for a single aPL test and severity of APS, only the incidence of LA (50.0% v 31.8%, *p* \\< 0.05) and median titre of IgM aCL ([Figure 5](#fig5-0961203312460722){ref-type=\"fig\"}) were associated with *high-risk APS* in this cohort. ", "Twenty-five out of 54 (46.3%) women with a history of pregnancy morbidity had clinical histories consistent with *high-risk APS* (as defined in the Methods section) compared to 7/26 (26.9%) of the same group who had low-titre APL.Figure 5Antiphospholipid antibody results by clinical risk: *low-risk antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) n* = 85, *high-risk APS n* = 60. ", "Horizontal bars represent the median titres.", "\n\nDiscussion {#sec8-0961203312460722}\n==========\n\nWe report the clinical and laboratory findings of a cohort of 193 patients who had persistently positive tests for aPL. ", "One hundred of these 193 patients had APS as defined by Sydney clinical as well as laboratory criteria^[@bibr1-0961203312460722]^; and 126 when women with purely obstetric APS (without a history of thrombosis) associated with low-titre aCL and/or aβ~2~GPI were also included as suggested in a number of other studies7,9,10,17 although not included in the Sydney laboratory criteria for APS.1.", "\n\nOur data indicate that omission of testing for aCL or aβ~2~GPI from the clinical investigation of APS would have led to a failure to diagnose the syndrome in 9.5% and 29.4% of patients respectively. ", "Although the term *high-risk* in relation to patients with thrombotic APS now appears in the literature,^[@bibr12-0961203312460722],[@bibr13-0961203312460722],[@bibr22-0961203312460722]^ there are no agreed published definitions for this term in thrombotic or obstetric APS. ", "To assess the clinical relevance of persistent aPL in our cohort, as it is possible that these persistent aPL could have occurred by chance, we categorized patients in our cohort as having *high-risk* or *lower-risk* APS as detailed in the Methods section and correlated aPL results with clinical risk. ", "We found, in agreement with previous reports, that LA as well as triple positivity (that is, aCL,^[@bibr23-0961203312460722]^ aβ~2~GPI and LA) were associated with *high-risk APS*.^[@bibr3-0961203312460722],[@bibr22-0961203312460722],[@bibr24-0961203312460722],[@bibr25-0961203312460722]^ Furthermore, 11.5% of patients with single positivity for aβ~2~GPI or aCL (including IgM aCL) had *high-risk APS*, highlighting the importance of inclusion of these tests in the diagnosis of APS, as previously reported.^[@bibr7-0961203312460722],[@bibr26-0961203312460722]−[@bibr28-0961203312460722]^\n\nOver 50% of women with clinical features of obstetric APS, but no thrombosis, had low-titre aCL and/or aβ~2~GPI in the absence of LA. ", "Approximately 27% of these patients had clinical features of *high-risk APS*. ", "The association of low-titre aCL or aβ~2~GPI in women with clinical features consistent with Sydney clinical criteria for obstetric APS could have arisen by chance; however, our findings concur with those of Ruffati et al.^[@bibr9-0961203312460722]^ who reported that the rate of aCL values between the 99th percentile and 40 GPL units was significantly higher (*p* \\< 0.0001) in patients with pregnancy morbidity (73.7%) as compared to those with vascular thrombosis (16.9%) and those with both conditions (16.7%), and concluded that the 99th percentile cut-off level appears more sensitive than the \\>40 GPL value for the diagnosis of APS in women with persistent aCL positivity alone associated with obstetric APS. ", "Low-titre aCL or aβ~2~GPI, in some cases occurring as an isolated phenomenon, also appeared to be clinically significant in an analysis of laboratory findings in a prospective European cohort of women with obstetric APS.^[@bibr7-0961203312460722]^ Furthermore, in clinical studies, persistent low-titre aCL were associated with a \\>90% fetal loss rate in untreated pregnancies of women with recurrent miscarriage and aPL, and with significantly improved pregnancy outcome following treatment with low-dose aspirin or heparin and aspirin.^[@bibr10-0961203312460722],[@bibr29-0961203312460722]--[@bibr31-0961203312460722]^ Our data also support the inclusion of low-titre IgG and IgM aCL and aβ~2~GPI antibodies in the diagnosis of APS in women with a history of clinical obstetric APS, where accurate diagnosis has therapeutic implications during pregnancy with potentially far-reaching adverse clinical consequences in an infant who may suffer long-term physical disability and mental impairment as a result of placental-mediated obstetric morbidity such as intrauterine growth restriction, early onset pre-eclampsia or placental insufficiency/abruption.", "\n\nThe pattern of aPL positivity in our cohort differs from that in some published cohort studies. ", "There may be several reasons for this. ", "First, the aCL ELISA used in this study does not contain additional purified β~2~GPI and uses fetal calf serum as a blocking agent. ", "Despite efforts to standardize solid phase assays for aCL, agreement between laboratories remains poor.^[@bibr32-0961203312460722],[@bibr33-0961203312460722]^ The source of cardiolipin and technique used to coat the microtitre plates is known to affect results.^[@bibr33-0961203312460722]^ Some methods employ fetal calf serum as a blocking agent, while others use cardiolipin saturated with human β~2~glycoprotein-1 as the solid phase antigen. ", "The situation for aβ~2~GPI antibody tests is marginally better, with some agreement between most assays.^[@bibr34-0961203312460722],[@bibr35-0961203312460722]^ However, different β~2~GPI purification methods are known to give rise to inter-assay variation.^[@bibr35-0961203312460722],[@bibr36-0961203312460722]^ It should be noted that when human β~2~GPI is added to aCL assays there is understandably a high degree of agreement between aCL and aβ~2~GPI assays^[@bibr37-0961203312460722]^ and this may have led to the suggestion that aβ~2~GPI are not present in patients who are negative for aCL. ", "Conversely, some have argued that aCL assays detect clinically significant antibodies which are not detected by aβ~2~GPI assays.^[@bibr4-0961203312460722],[@bibr6-0961203312460722],[@bibr7-0961203312460722]^ Secondly, a significant proportion of our cohort (37%) had purely obstetric APS whereas many published studies have included only patients with a history of thrombosis. ", "Much of the published literature on aPL phenotypes in APS relates to patients with SLE-associated APS, whereas in the patients in our cohort only a minority (19/145) had SLE, as the study cohort comprised patients who had predominantly presented to haematology rather than rheumatology clinics.", "\n\nIn selecting the 95^th^ percentile as a cut-off value for aCL and aβ~2~GPI in purely obstetric APS, a small number of false positives are likely to result. ", "However, if the 99^th^ percentile were used as a cut-off in these women, many cases of obstetric APS are likely to be missed. ", "The role of IgM aβ~2~GPI testing in the diagnosis of APS remains unclear and it considered to have little clinical utility for thrombotic APS.^[@bibr38-0961203312460722]^ In our cohort \\>50% of women with obstetric APS had low-titre IgM aCL and/or aβ~2~GPI (alone or in association with IgG antibodies). ", "Given the favourable risk/benefit ratio of heparin/aspirin treatment during pregnancy for obstetric APS it appears reasonable, at present, to offer this treatment during pregnancy to women with low-titre aPL associated with obstetric APS. ", "However, future studies into the clinical significance and management of low-titre aPL in obstetric APS would be useful.", "\n\nIn conclusion, these data suggest that LA, IgG and IgM aCL and aβ2GPI testing are all required for the accurate diagnosis and assessment of prognosis of APS in routine clinical practice. ", "Furthermore, as laboratory tests for aPL remain poorly standardized internationally, it is prudent to retain testing for LA as well as aCL and aβ~2~GPI for APS diagnosis. ", "Our data also suggest that low-titre aCL and aβ~2~GPI should be included in the laboratory criteria for diagnosis of purely obstetric APS. ", "This should be validated in a prospective multicentre study.", "\n\nCG and HC designed the audit. ", "JH, CG and HC collected and analysed the data. ", "CG, SJM and HC wrote the manuscript.", "\n\nFunding {#sec9-0961203312460722}\n=======\n\nThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. ", "CG is currently funded by the Wellcome Trust (Grant number GR087730).", "\n\nConflict of interest statement\n==============================\n\nThe author has no conflict of interest to declare.", "\n\n[^1]: Includes 14 women with both thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity.", "\n\n[^2]: The number (percentage) of positive tests and median antibody levels (\\>99^th^ or \\> 95^th ^\\< 99^th^ percentile) are given or each clinical group.", "\n\n[^3]: Chi-squared: patients with pregnancy morbidity versus those with thrombosis *p* = 0.0002.", "\n\n[^4]: aβ~2~GPI: anti-beta~2~ glycoprotein-1 antibodies; aCL: anticardiolipin antibodies; LA: lupus anticoagulant.", "\n" ]

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[ "Postings on books (mainly non-fiction), a few films and matters of interest by Lorenzo from Oz (aka Downunder)\n\nSunday, May 17, 2009\n\nNomad power\n\nUnderstanding the rise of pastoralist nomads (from the Scythians to the Mongols) is central to understanding the long run patterns of Eurasian history. ", "Our understanding of the origins of nomad society is still very much in flux. ", "Nicola di Cosmo’s Ancient China and its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History provides a fairly comprehensive treatment of current information.", "\n\nDi Cosma attempts to integrate written and archaeological evidence to understand the interaction between China and its nomad neighbours. ", "He builds up a picture of each reacting to the other.", "\n\nI completed reading Peter Turchin’s book while still reading di Cosma, so I began to read di Cosma’s analysis in the light of Turchin’s. ", "It was a fruitful context. ", "For example, di Cosma’s discussion of instability in royal clans within nomad polities (due to increasing numbers within said clans) comes very close to Turchin’s demographic model (and is compatible with it).Read More...Similarly, Turchin’s suggestion that China’s much stronger long term tendency to unity than other civilisational centres in Eurasia was due to nomad pressure also got a certain amount of support from di Cosma’s analysis. ", "Di Cosma argues strongly that the wall building (most famously, the Great Wall itself) was not, originally, a defensive measure but a means of protecting expansion into pastoral land, which is also compatible with Turchin’s analysis. ", "A China that occupied pastoral land is a China with much to lose from disunity. ", "This does not guarantee unity, but it does provide a big pay-off if it can be managed—that is, the returns from unity were greater and more widely dispersed socially than in other civilisational centres.", "\n\nChinese payment of tribute to stop nomad raids seemed to have been much less disastrous than the Saxon experience with Danegeld. ", "But Chinese tribute was paid largely in goods. ", "Tribute paid in goods is less fungible than tribute paid in silver pennies so perhaps less likely to come back as better equipped enemies. ", "And the relative size of the flows and resources may have been somewhat different.", "\n\nIn the end, the Chinese moved from buying peace to military expansion to weaken the Hsiung-Nu nomad power. ", "The problem was that tribute was not actually buying peace—they were still getting raided. ", "It does not appear that the nomad rulership had sufficient control over its various sub-kings.", "\n\nThe broader political implications of tribute-paying is worth thinking through. ", "Dispersion of tribute meant that the centre purchased loyalty on a reward-and-punish basis. ", "Consent for taxes means that the “political nation” purchases government services: a rather different exchange.", "\n\nThe book provoked thought about other pastoralist conquerors. ", "The Ottomans and (to a lesser extent) the Manchus managed to ensure continuity of their state in a way that neither the Seljuk Turks nor the Mongols did. ", "The Arabs started well then fell into the same disintegrative pattern. ", "But the Ottomans were, in a sense, inheritors of the relatively stable state pattern of the Eastern Romans as the Manchus were of the Chinese. ", "The centre dominated wealth extraction more, so was both able to better repress attempts to secede and, in turn, political effort was more focused on controlling the centre.", "\n\nEven though di Cosma’s prose was somewhat pedestrian, I enjoyed the book. ", "It was an area and a time period I was not particularly knowledgeable in, and I liked his approach of linking written and archaeological sources." ]

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[ "Across the Great Divide (song)\n\n\"Across the Great Divide\" is a song written by Robbie Robertson. ", " It was first released by The Band on their 1969 album The Band and was subsequently released on several live and compilation albums. ", " According to music critic Barney Hoskyns, it was one of several songs that contributed to The Band being something of a concept album about the American South.", "\n\nLyrics and music\nThe lyrics begin with the singer asking his wife Molly to put down the gun she is waving at him. ", " The singer then recalls his earlier struggles when all he wanted was a home, and thinks that if Molly does not put the gun down he will have to leave that home. ", " According to Rolling Stone Magazine critic Greil Marcus, the fight ends when the song ends, although the singer still wants to know where Molly hid the gun. ", " According to Hoskyns, the song then achieves \"a blithely good-humoured groove, with the unrepentant heel bragging tipsily over some Fats Domino-style piano triplets.\" ", " Similarly, Allmusic critic Thomas Ward describes the song as the singer asking Molly to put her gun down and \"try to understand [her] man,\" and then portraying \"an uplifting dream\" to create a better life and achieve the American dream after traveling \"across the great divide.\" ", " Music critic Nick DeRiso comments on the \"witty irony\" of the situation. ", " Band biographer Craig Harris agrees that it is an \"optimistic\" song, stating that it portrays \"celebration and good times.\"", "\n\nHoskyns states that the song appears to be set in a \"one-horse town\" common to Western movies, but that the \"harvest moon\" and riverside described in the lyrics place the song within the American South, like other songs from the album such as \"The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down\" and \"King Harvest (Has Surely Come).\" ", " The link with \"The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down\" was emphasized in many concerts in which \"Across the Great Divide\" was often played immediately following \"The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down.\" ", " Hoskyns also sees a link with \"Up on Cripple Creek,\" since \"Cripple Creek\" is also a \"good ol' boy classic\" narrated by a \"devil-may-care drunkard.\" ", " The reference to a harvest moon provides a more direct link to the theme of harvest which runs through The Band and especially \"King Harvest (Has Surely Come),\" which is the last song on The Band and so helps bring thematic unity to the album. ", " To Harris, this link helps define the journey undertaken in The Band, from the \"idealism\" of \"Across the Great Divide\" to \"stark reality\" of \"King Harvest.\" ", " Ward describes the song as sounding \"old as the hills,\" and representing what The Band does best, creating a \"rustic, down-home narrative coupled by organic, acoustic instrumentation.\" ", " Band organist Garth Hudson plays saxophone in addition to organ on the song. ", " \n\nMarcus notes another aspect to the appropriateness of \"Across the Great Divide\" as the opening song of an album that uses America as a theme. ", " He notes the symbolism of the Great Divide being the place where the two sides separate, but also meet. ", " According to Marcus, \"Across the Great Divide\" and the other songs on the album are meant to \"cross the great divide between men and women, between the past and the present, between the country and the city, between the North and the South.\" ", " In turn, New York Times critic Frank Rich comments on Marcus' analysis of the symbolism of \"Across the Great Divide\" and other songs by stating that Marcus \"attempts to place such songs as Randy Newman's \"Sail Away,\" The Band's \"Across the Great Divide\" and Elvis Presley's early efforts for Sam Phillips at Sun Records into the same broad cultural context.", "\n\nReception\nWard described \"Across the Great Divide\" \"a magnificent opening\" to The Band, particularly praising the melody and the lead vocal by Richard Manuel. ", "According to The New Rolling Stone Album Guide critic Mark Kemp, \"Across the Great Divide\" is a \"sweeping\" opening to the album. ", " Pittsburgh Post-Gazette critic Tim Ziaukus also commented on the song's \"epic sweep.\" ", "The Village Voice critic Robert Christgau contrasted \"Across the Great Divide\" with \"Tears of Rage,\" the opening song of The Band's previous album Music from Big Pink by stating that \"Across the Great Divide\" is \"as a storefront church on 127th Street is to Riverside Baptist.\"", "\n\nA live version of \"Across the Great Divide\" was included on the 1972 live album Rock of Ages. ", " It was also included on the box sets Across the Great Divide and A Musical History and on some versions of the compilation album The Best of The Band.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nCategory:1969 songs\nCategory:The Band songs\nCategory:Songs written by Robbie Robertson\nCategory:Song recordings produced by John Simon (record producer)" ]

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[ "The U.S. military’s emissions are greater than many countries, its twelve-digit annual expenditures greater than most countries, and it is the largest energy user in the United States. ", "It is also a huge investor in advanced energy research, a significantly growing user of renewables, and per the U.S. Department of Energy the Defense Department has seen energy usage fall almost 50% since 1975.", "\n\nU.S. Senator and Presidential Candidate Elizabeth Warren (D-Massachusetts), and Representative Veronica Escobar (D), have introduced the Department of Defense Climate Resiliency and Readiness Act (pdf). ", "The broader purpose of the document (section by section summary – pdf) is to use to heft of the military to drive clean energy adoption, while also readying the U.S. Military for future environmental shifts that will affect readiness.", "\n\nThe meat of the legislation requires the Defense of Department (DoD) to achieve net zero energy, in the aggregate, by ‘non-operational’ (fixed military infrastructure not supporting combat operations, or combat vehicles) assets globally by 2030. ", "Within a year, a written strategy to meet this goal must be submitted, and every two years thereafter a progress report on meeting said goals must be submitted.", "\n\nThe document also makes quickly escalating appropriations for the research, development, and demonstration programs for microgrids and electric grid energy storage of:\n\n2020 – $10 million\n\n2021 – $25 million\n\n2022 – $50 million\n\n2023 – $75 million\n\n2024 – $125 million\n\n2025 – $200 million\n\n2026-2030 – $250 million annually\n\nThe microgrid R&D program must prioritize integrating renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, and hydropower; additive manufacturing; energy storage; location generation of zero-carbon fuels; developing and using fuel-efficient engines; empirical and science-based industry standards – within a broader umbrella of increasing the DoD’s readiness.", "\n\nPlanning, budgeting, procurement, and reporting processes dominate the rest of the document.", "\n\nThe annual DoD budget would be required to include, “a stream of dedicated funds for adapting to, and mitigating, climate change related risks to military networks, systems, installations, facilities, and other assets and capabilities.” ", "It would also be required that the DoD report the effects on military readiness and an estimate of the financial costs reasonably attributed to climate change-related events over the preceding year, such as DoD actions to mitigate the effects of:\n\nExtreme weather\n\nRising sea tides\n\nIncreased flooding\n\nDrought\n\nDesertification\n\nWildfires\n\nThawing permafrost\n\nAnnually, the DoD will be required to list the ten military bases within each service that emit the most carbon, an estimate of all energy consumption by the Defense Department, including greenhouse gas emissions, and an assessment of greenhouse gas emissions at all military bases, separated by operational sources and non-operational sources.", "\n\nContractors working with the DoD will also be required to report on their emissions, their climate risks, whether or not they are net zero, and – if not – then those contractors must pay a 1% fee on their bids which will be pooled into a newly created Energy and Climate Resiliency Fund which can only be used for improvements that adapt military networks, systems, installations, facilities, and other assets and capabilities to climate change." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0006141751073300838, 0.0006069225491955876, 0.0005692211561836302, 0.0006050685187801719, 0.0006708848522976041, 0.0005335931782610714, 0.0005850542802363634, 0.0006008280906826258, 0.0006031086668372154, 0.0005606813938356936, 0.0005583569873124361 ]

[ "/*\n* Copyright 2015 herd contributors\n*\n* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n* You may obtain a copy of the License at\n*\n* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n*\n* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n* distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n* limitations under the License.", "\n*/\npackage org.finra.herd.service;\n\nimport static org.junit.", "Assert.assertEquals;\nimport static org.junit.", "Assert.assertNotNull;\nimport static org.junit.", "Assert.assertNull;\nimport static org.junit.", "Assert.assertTrue;\nimport static org.junit.Assert.fail;\n\nimport java.io.", "ByteArrayInputStream;\nimport java.util.", "ArrayList;\nimport java.util.", "Arrays;\nimport java.util.", "Collection;\nimport java.util.", "Collections;\nimport java.util.", "HashMap;\nimport java.util.", "HashSet;\nimport java.util.", "List;\nimport java.util.", "Map;\n\nimport com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.", "ObjectMetadata;\nimport com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.", "PutObjectRequest;\nimport org.activiti.engine.history.", "HistoricProcessInstance;\nimport org.activiti.engine.runtime.", "Execution;\nimport org.activiti.engine.runtime.", "ProcessInstance;\nimport org.activiti.engine.runtime.", "ProcessInstanceQuery;\nimport org.activiti.engine.task.", "Task;\nimport org.apache.commons.io.", "IOUtils;\nimport org.joda.time.", "DateTime;\nimport org.junit.", "Assert;\nimport org.junit.", "Test;\nimport org.slf4j.", "Logger;\nimport org.slf4j.", "LoggerFactory;\nimport org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.", "Autowired;\nimport org.springframework.security.access.", "AccessDeniedException;\nimport org.springframework.security.authentication.", "TestingAuthenticationToken;\nimport org.springframework.security.core.context.", "SecurityContextHolder;\nimport org.springframework.transaction.annotation.", "Propagation;\nimport org.springframework.transaction.annotation.", "Transactional;\nimport org.springframework.util.", "CollectionUtils;\n\nimport org.finra.herd.core.helper.", "ConfigurationHelper;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.", "ObjectNotFoundException;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "Job;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "JobActionEnum;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "JobCreateRequest;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "JobDefinition;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "JobDefinitionCreateRequest;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "JobDeleteRequest;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "JobSignalRequest;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "JobStatusEnum;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "JobSummaries;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "JobSummary;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "JobUpdateRequest;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "NamespaceAuthorization;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "NamespacePermissionEnum;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "Parameter;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.", "S3PropertiesLocation;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.dto.", "ApplicationUser;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.dto.", "ConfigurationValue;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.dto.", "SecurityUserWrapper;\nimport org.finra.herd.model.jpa.", "JobDefinitionEntity;\nimport org.finra.herd.service.activiti.", "ActivitiRuntimeHelper;\n\n/**\n * This class tests various functionality within the Job REST controller.", "\n */\npublic class JobServiceTest extends AbstractServiceTest\n{\n private static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JobServiceTest.class);\n\n @Autowired\n private ConfigurationHelper configurationHelper;\n\n @Test\n public void testCreateJob() throws Exception\n {\n // Create the namespace entity.", "\n namespaceDaoTestHelper.createNamespaceEntity(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD);\n\n // Create a job definition create request using hard coded test values.", "\n JobDefinitionCreateRequest jobDefinitionCreateRequest = jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinitionCreateRequest();\n\n // Create the job definition.", "\n jobDefinitionService.createJobDefinition(jobDefinitionCreateRequest, false);\n\n // Create a job create request using hard coded test values.", "\n JobCreateRequest jobCreateRequest = jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME);\n\n // Create the job.", "\n Job resultJob = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobCreateRequest);\n\n // Validate the results.", "\n assertNotNull(resultJob);\n assertNotNull(resultJob.getId());\n assertTrue(!resultJob.getId().isEmpty());\n assertEquals(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, resultJob.getNamespace());\n assertEquals(TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, resultJob.getJobName());\n assertEquals(jobDefinitionCreateRequest.getParameters().size() + jobCreateRequest.getParameters().size() + 1, resultJob.getParameters().size());\n List<String> expectedParameters = new ArrayList<>();\n expectedParameters.addAll(parametersToStringList(jobDefinitionCreateRequest.getParameters()));\n expectedParameters.addAll(parametersToStringList(jobCreateRequest.getParameters()));\n expectedParameters.addAll(parametersToStringList(\n Arrays.asList(new Parameter(HERD_WORKFLOW_ENVIRONMENT, configurationHelper.getProperty(ConfigurationValue.", "HERD_ENVIRONMENT)))));\n List<String> resultParameters = parametersToStringList(resultJob.getParameters());\n assertTrue(expectedParameters.containsAll(resultParameters));\n assertTrue(resultParameters.containsAll(expectedParameters));\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testCreateJobNoParams() throws Exception\n {\n // Create the namespace entity.", "\n namespaceDaoTestHelper.createNamespaceEntity(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD);\n\n // Create a job definition create request using hard coded test values.", "\n JobDefinitionCreateRequest jobDefinitionCreateRequest = jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinitionCreateRequest();\n jobDefinitionCreateRequest.setParameters(null);\n\n // Create the job definition.", "\n jobDefinitionService.createJobDefinition(jobDefinitionCreateRequest, false);\n\n // Create a job create request using hard coded test values.", "\n JobCreateRequest jobCreateRequest = jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME);\n jobCreateRequest.setParameters(null);\n\n // Create the job.", "\n Job resultJob = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobCreateRequest);\n\n //expected default parameter\n List<Parameter> expectedParameters =\n Arrays.asList(new Parameter(HERD_WORKFLOW_ENVIRONMENT, configurationHelper.getProperty(ConfigurationValue.", "HERD_ENVIRONMENT)));\n\n // Validate the results.", "\n assertNotNull(resultJob);\n assertNotNull(resultJob.getId());\n assertTrue(!resultJob.getId().isEmpty());\n assertEquals(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, resultJob.getNamespace());\n assertEquals(TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, resultJob.getJobName());\n assertTrue(resultJob.getParameters().size() == 1);\n assertTrue(expectedParameters.containsAll(resultJob.getParameters()));\n }\n\n @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)\n public void testCreateJobNamespaceEmpty() throws Exception\n {\n // Try to create a job by passing an empty namespace code.", "\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(\" \", TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n }\n\n @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)\n public void testCreateJobJobNameEmpty() throws Exception\n {\n // Try to create a job by passing an empty job name.", "\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, \" \"));\n }\n\n @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)\n public void testCreateJobParameterNameEmpty() throws Exception\n {\n // Create a job create request using hard coded test values.", "\n JobCreateRequest jobCreateRequest = jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME);\n\n // Add a parameter with an empty name.", "\n Parameter parameter = new Parameter(\" \", ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_1);\n jobCreateRequest.getParameters().add(parameter);\n\n // Try to create a job.", "\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobCreateRequest);\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testCreateJobInvalidParameters() throws Exception\n {\n // Try to create a job when namespace contains a forward slash character.", "\n try\n {\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(addSlash(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD), TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n fail(\"Should throw an IllegalArgumentException when namespace contains a forward slash character.\");", "\n }\n catch (IllegalArgumentException e)\n {\n assertEquals(\"Namespace can not contain a forward slash character.\", ", "e.getMessage());\n }\n\n // Try to create a job when job name name contains a forward slash character.", "\n try\n {\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, addSlash(TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME)));\n fail(\"Should throw an IllegalArgumentException when job name contains a forward slash character.\");", "\n }\n catch (IllegalArgumentException e)\n {\n assertEquals(\"Job name can not contain a forward slash character.\", ", "e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)\n public void testCreateJobDuplicateParameterName() throws Exception\n {\n // Create a job create request using hard coded test values.", "\n JobCreateRequest jobCreateRequest = jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME);\n\n // Add a duplicate parameter.", "\n Parameter parameter = new Parameter();\n parameter.setName(addWhitespace(jobCreateRequest.getParameters().get(0).getName().toUpperCase()));\n parameter.setValue(jobCreateRequest.getParameters().get(0).getValue());\n jobCreateRequest.getParameters().add(parameter);\n\n // Try to create a job.", "\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobCreateRequest);\n }\n\n @Test(expected = ObjectNotFoundException.class)\n public void testCreateJobNamespaceNoExists() throws Exception\n {\n // Try to create a job using non-existing namespace code.", "\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(\"I_DO_NOT_EXIST\", TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n }\n\n @Test(expected = ObjectNotFoundException.class)\n public void testCreateJobJobNameNoExists() throws Exception\n {\n // Create the namespace entity.", "\n namespaceDaoTestHelper.createNamespaceEntity(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD);\n\n // Try to create a job using non-existing job definition name.", "\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, \"I_DO_NOT_EXIST\"));\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testGetJob() throws Exception\n {\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_USER_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n String activitiXml = IOUtils.toString(resourceLoader.getResource(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_USER_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH).getInputStream());\n // Job should be waiting at User task.", "\n\n // Running job with verbose\n Job jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), true);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertEquals(activitiXml, jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps().size() > 0);\n assertEquals(\"usertask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n assertEquals(job.getNamespace(), jobGet.getNamespace());\n assertEquals(job.getJobName(), jobGet.getJobName());\n\n // Running job with non verbose\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertEquals(\"usertask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n assertEquals(job.getNamespace(), jobGet.getNamespace());\n assertEquals(job.getJobName(), jobGet.getJobName());\n\n // Query the pending task and complete it\n List<Task> tasks = activitiTaskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(job.getId()).list();\n\n activitiTaskService.complete(tasks.get(0).getId());\n\n // Job should have been completed.", "\n\n // Completed job with verbose\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), true);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getStartTime());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getEndTime());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertEquals(activitiXml, jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps().size() > 0);\n assertNull(jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep());\n assertEquals(job.getNamespace(), jobGet.getNamespace());\n assertEquals(job.getJobName(), jobGet.getJobName());\n\n // Completed job with non verbose\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getStartTime());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getEndTime());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertNull(jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep());\n assertEquals(job.getNamespace(), jobGet.getNamespace());\n assertEquals(job.getJobName(), jobGet.getJobName());\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testGetJobIntermediateTimer() throws Exception\n {\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_HERD_INTERMEDIATE_TIMER_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n String activitiXml = IOUtils.toString(resourceLoader.getResource(ACTIVITI_XML_HERD_INTERMEDIATE_TIMER_WITH_CLASSPATH).getInputStream());\n // Job should be waiting at User task.", "\n\n // Get job status\n Job jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), true);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertEquals(activitiXml, jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps().size() > 0);\n // Current workflow step will be null\n assertNull(jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep());\n\n org.activiti.engine.runtime.", "Job timer = activitiManagementService.createJobQuery().processInstanceId(job.getId()).timers().singleResult();\n if (timer !", "= null)\n {\n activitiManagementService.executeJob(timer.getId());\n }\n\n // Get the job status again. ", "job should have completed now.", "\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNull(jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep());\n }\n\n @Test(expected = ObjectNotFoundException.class)\n public void testGetJobNoJobFound() throws Exception\n {\n jobService.getJob(\"job_not_submitted\", true);\n }\n\n @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)\n public void testGetJobNoJobId() throws Exception\n {\n jobService.getJob(null, false);\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testGetJobs() throws Exception\n {\n // Create and persist a job definition.", "\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_USER_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n // Create and start three Activiti jobs.", "\n List<Job> jobs = Arrays\n .asList(jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME)),\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME)),\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME)));\n\n // Jobs should be waiting at relative User tasks.", "\n\n // Allow READ access for the current user to the job definition namespace.", "\n jobServiceTestHelper.setCurrentUserNamespaceAuthorizations(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, Arrays.asList(NamespacePermissionEnum.", "READ));\n\n JobSummaries resultJobSummaries;\n Map<String, JobStatusEnum> expectedJobStatuses;\n\n DateTime startTime = new DateTime().minusHours(1);\n DateTime endTime = new DateTime().plusHours(1);\n\n // Get all jobs for the relative job definition and expected job status.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, startTime, NO_END_TIME);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(jobs.get(0).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n put(jobs.get(1).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n put(jobs.get(2).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n\n // Query the pending tasks and complete them.", "\n for (Job job : jobs)\n {\n List<Task> tasks = activitiTaskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(job.getId()).list();\n activitiTaskService.complete(tasks.get(0).getId());\n }\n\n // Jobs should have been completed.", "\n\n // Get all jobs for the relative job definition and expected job status.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, startTime, endTime);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(jobs.get(0).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n put(jobs.get(1).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n put(jobs.get(2).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testGetJobsTrimAndCaseInsensitivity() throws Exception\n {\n // Create and persist a job definition.", "\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_USER_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n // Create and start an Activiti job.", "\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n // Job should be waiting at relative User tasks.", "\n\n // Allow READ access for the current user to the job definition namespace.", "\n jobServiceTestHelper.setCurrentUserNamespaceAuthorizations(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, Arrays.asList(NamespacePermissionEnum.", "READ));\n\n // Perform the getJobs calls.", "\n JobSummaries resultJobSummaries;\n Map<String, JobStatusEnum> expectedJobStatuses;\n\n DateTime startTime = new DateTime().minusHours(1);\n DateTime endTime = new DateTime().plusHours(1);\n\n // Get all jobs using input parameters with leading and trailing empty spaces.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, startTime, NO_END_TIME);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(job.getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n\n // Query the pending task and complete it.", "\n List<Task> tasks = activitiTaskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(job.getId()).list();\n activitiTaskService.complete(tasks.get(0).getId());\n\n // Jobs should have been completed.", "\n\n // Get all jobs using input parameters in uppercase.", "\n resultJobSummaries =\n jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD.toUpperCase(), TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME.toUpperCase(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, startTime, endTime);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(job.getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n\n // Get all jobs using input parameters in lowercase.", "\n resultJobSummaries =\n jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD.toLowerCase(), TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME.toLowerCase(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, startTime, endTime);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(job.getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testGetJobsMissingOptionalParameters() throws Exception\n {\n // Create and persist a job definition.", "\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_USER_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n // Create and start three Activiti jobs.", "\n List<Job> jobs = Arrays\n .asList(jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME)),\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME)),\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME)));\n\n // Jobs should be waiting at relative User tasks.", "\n\n // Allow READ access for the current user to the job definition namespace.", "\n jobServiceTestHelper.setCurrentUserNamespaceAuthorizations(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, Arrays.asList(NamespacePermissionEnum.", "READ));\n\n JobSummaries resultJobSummaries;\n Map<String, JobStatusEnum> expectedJobStatuses;\n\n // Get all jobs without specifying any of the optional parameters.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(NO_NAMESPACE, NO_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, NO_ACTIVITI_JOB_STATUS, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(jobs.get(0).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n put(jobs.get(1).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n put(jobs.get(2).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n\n // Query the pending tasks and complete them.", "\n for (Job job : jobs)\n {\n List<Task> tasks = activitiTaskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(job.getId()).list();\n activitiTaskService.complete(tasks.get(0).getId());\n }\n\n // Jobs should have been completed.", "\n\n // Get all jobs without specifying any of the optional parameters.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(NO_NAMESPACE, NO_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, NO_ACTIVITI_JOB_STATUS, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(jobs.get(0).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n put(jobs.get(1).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n put(jobs.get(2).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testGetJobsInvalidParameters() throws Exception\n {\n // Create and persist a job definition.", "\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_USER_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n // Create and start three Activiti jobs.", "\n List<Job> jobs = Arrays\n .asList(jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME)),\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME)),\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME)));\n\n // Jobs should be waiting at relative User tasks.", "\n\n // Allow READ access for the current user to the job definition namespace.", "\n jobServiceTestHelper.setCurrentUserNamespaceAuthorizations(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, Arrays.asList(NamespacePermissionEnum.", "READ));\n\n JobSummaries resultJobSummaries;\n Map<String, JobStatusEnum> expectedJobStatuses;\n\n // Get all jobs for the relative job definition and expected job status.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(jobs.get(0).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n put(jobs.get(1).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n put(jobs.get(2).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n\n // Try to get jobs using invalid job definition namespace.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(\"I_DO_NOT_EXIST\", TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n assertEquals(0, resultJobSummaries.getJobSummaries().size());\n\n // Try to get jobs using invalid job definition name.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, \"I_DO_NOT_EXIST\", JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n assertEquals(0, resultJobSummaries.getJobSummaries().size());\n\n // Try to get jobs using SUSPENDED job status.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "SUSPENDED, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n assertEquals(0, resultJobSummaries.getJobSummaries().size());\n\n // Try to get jobs using COMPLETED job status.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n assertEquals(0, resultJobSummaries.getJobSummaries().size());\n\n // Try to get jobs using invalid start time (current time plus one hour).", "\n DateTime invalidStartTime = new DateTime().plusHours(1);\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, invalidStartTime, NO_END_TIME);\n assertEquals(0, resultJobSummaries.getJobSummaries().size());\n\n // Query the pending tasks and complete them.", "\n for (Job job : jobs)\n {\n List<Task> tasks = activitiTaskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(job.getId()).list();\n activitiTaskService.complete(tasks.get(0).getId());\n }\n\n // Jobs should have been completed.", "\n\n // Get all jobs for the relative job definition and expected job status.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(jobs.get(0).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n put(jobs.get(1).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n put(jobs.get(2).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n\n // Try to get jobs using invalid end time (current time minus one hour).", "\n DateTime invalidEndTime = new DateTime().minusHours(1);\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, NO_START_TIME, invalidEndTime);\n assertEquals(0, resultJobSummaries.getJobSummaries().size());\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testGetJobsValidateJobStatusFilter() throws Exception\n {\n // Create and persist a job definition.", "\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_USER_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n // Create and start two Activiti jobs.", "\n List<Job> jobs = Arrays\n .asList(jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME)),\n jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME)));\n\n // Jobs should be waiting at relative User tasks.", "\n\n // Allow READ and EXECUTE access for the current user to the job definition namespace.", "\n jobServiceTestHelper\n .setCurrentUserNamespaceAuthorizations(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, Arrays.asList(NamespacePermissionEnum.", "READ, NamespacePermissionEnum.", "EXECUTE));\n\n JobSummaries resultJobSummaries;\n Map<String, JobStatusEnum> expectedJobStatuses;\n List<Task> tasks;\n\n // Get all jobs for the relative job definition and expected job status.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(jobs.get(0).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n put(jobs.get(1).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n\n // Suspend the first job.", "\n jobService.updateJob(jobs.get(0).getId(), new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "SUSPEND));\n\n // The second job is still RUNNING.", "\n\n // Get RUNNING jobs.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(jobs.get(1).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n\n // Get SUSPENDED jobs.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "SUSPENDED, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(jobs.get(0).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "SUSPENDED);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n\n // Resume the first job.", "\n jobService.updateJob(jobs.get(0).getId(), new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "RESUME));\n\n // Complete the first job.", "\n tasks = activitiTaskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(jobs.get(0).getId()).list();\n activitiTaskService.complete(tasks.get(0).getId());\n\n // Get COMPLETED jobs.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(jobs.get(0).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n\n // Complete the second job.", "\n tasks = activitiTaskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(jobs.get(1).getId()).list();\n activitiTaskService.complete(tasks.get(0).getId());\n\n // All jobs now should have been completed.", "\n\n // Try to get RUNNING jobs.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n assertEquals(0, resultJobSummaries.getJobSummaries().size());\n\n // Try to get SUSPENDED jobs.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "SUSPENDED, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n assertEquals(0, resultJobSummaries.getJobSummaries().size());\n\n // Get COMPLETED jobs.", "\n resultJobSummaries = jobService.getJobs(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, NO_START_TIME, NO_END_TIME);\n\n // Validate the result job summaries.", "\n expectedJobStatuses = new HashMap<String, JobStatusEnum>()\n {{\n put(jobs.get(0).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n put(jobs.get(1).getId(), JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED);\n }};\n validateJobSummaries(expectedJobStatuses, resultJobSummaries);\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testSignalJob() throws Exception\n {\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_RECEIVE_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n // Start the job.", "\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n // Job should be waiting at Receive task.", "\n Job jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertEquals(\"receivetask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Signal job to continue.", "\n List<Parameter> signalParameters = new ArrayList<>();\n Parameter signalPameter1 = new Parameter(\"UT_SIGNAL_PARAM_1\", \"UT_SIGNAL_VALUE_1\");\n signalParameters.add(signalPameter1);\n\n JobSignalRequest jobSignalRequest = new JobSignalRequest(job.getId(), \"receivetask1\", signalParameters, null);\n\n Job signalJob = jobService.signalJob(jobSignalRequest);\n\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, signalJob.getStatus());\n assertEquals(\"receivetask1\", signalJob.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n assertTrue(signalJob.getParameters().contains(signalPameter1));\n\n // Job should have been completed.", "\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), true);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertTrue(jobGet.getParameters().contains(signalPameter1));\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testSignalJobNoParameters() throws Exception\n {\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_RECEIVE_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n // Start the job.", "\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n // Job should be waiting at Receive task.", "\n Job jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertEquals(\"receivetask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Signal job to continue.", "\n JobSignalRequest jobSignalRequest = new JobSignalRequest(job.getId(), \"receivetask1\", null, null);\n\n Job signalJob = jobService.signalJob(jobSignalRequest);\n\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, signalJob.getStatus());\n assertEquals(\"receivetask1\", signalJob.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Job should have been completed.", "\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), true);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, jobGet.getStatus());\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testSignalJobWithCheckEmrClusterTask() throws Exception\n {\n // Create a list of parameters for the job.", "\n List<Parameter> parameters = new ArrayList<>();\n Parameter parameter = new Parameter(\"clusterName\", EMR_CLUSTER_NAME);\n parameters.add(parameter);\n\n // Run a job with Activiti XML that will start cluster, check status, wait on receive task and terminate.", "\n Job job = jobServiceTestHelper.createJobForCreateCluster(ACTIVITI_XML_CHECK_CLUSTER_AND_RECEIVE_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH, parameters);\n assertNotNull(job);\n\n // Job should be waiting at receive task.", "\n Job getJobResponse = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, getJobResponse.getStatus());\n assertEquals(\"receiveTask\", getJobResponse.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Validate that create and check cluster tasks were successful.", "\n assertTrue(getJobResponse.getParameters().contains(new Parameter(\"createClusterServiceTask_taskStatus\", ActivitiRuntimeHelper.", "TASK_STATUS_SUCCESS)));\n assertTrue(getJobResponse.getParameters().contains(new Parameter(\"checkClusterServiceTask_taskStatus\", ActivitiRuntimeHelper.", "TASK_STATUS_SUCCESS)));\n\n // Signal job to continue.", "\n Parameter signalParameter = new Parameter(PARAMETER_NAME, PARAMETER_VALUE);\n JobSignalRequest jobSignalRequest = new JobSignalRequest(job.getId(), \"receiveTask\", Collections.singletonList(signalParameter), null);\n Job signalJobResponse = jobService.signalJob(jobSignalRequest);\n\n // Validate the signal job response.", "\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, signalJobResponse.getStatus());\n assertEquals(\"receiveTask\", signalJobResponse.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n assertTrue(signalJobResponse.getParameters().contains(signalParameter));\n\n // Validate the cluster status information.", "\n Map<String, Parameter> jobParameters = jobServiceTestHelper.toMap(signalJobResponse.getParameters());\n assertTrue(jobParameters.containsKey(\"checkClusterServiceTask_emrClusterStatus_creationTime\"));\n assertTrue(jobParameters.containsKey(\"checkClusterServiceTask_emrClusterStatus_readyTime\"));\n assertTrue(jobParameters.containsKey(\"checkClusterServiceTask_emrClusterStatus_endTime\"));\n\n // Job should have been completed.", "\n getJobResponse = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, getJobResponse.getStatus());\n assertTrue(getJobResponse.getParameters().contains(signalParameter));\n\n // Get the process variables.", "\n HistoricProcessInstance historicProcessInstance =\n activitiHistoryService.createHistoricProcessInstanceQuery().processInstanceId(job.getId()).includeProcessVariables().singleResult();\n Map<String, Object> processVariables = historicProcessInstance.getProcessVariables();\n\n // Validate the cluster status information.", "\n assertTrue(processVariables.containsKey(\"checkClusterServiceTask_emrClusterStatus_creationTime\"));\n assertNotNull(processVariables.get(\"checkClusterServiceTask_emrClusterStatus_creationTime\"));\n assertTrue(processVariables.containsKey(\"checkClusterServiceTask_emrClusterStatus_readyTime\"));\n assertNull(processVariables.get(\"checkClusterServiceTask_emrClusterStatus_readyTime\"));\n assertTrue(processVariables.containsKey(\"checkClusterServiceTask_emrClusterStatus_endTime\"));\n assertNull(processVariables.get(\"checkClusterServiceTask_emrClusterStatus_endTime\"));\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testSignalJobNoExists() throws Exception\n {\n // Signal job with job id that does not exist.", "\n try\n {\n jobService.signalJob(new JobSignalRequest(\"job_does_not_exist\", \"receivetask1\", null, null));\n fail(\"Should throw an ObjectNotFoundException.\");", "\n }\n catch (ObjectNotFoundException ex)\n {\n assertEquals(String.format(\"No job found for matching job id: \\\"%s\\\" and receive task id: \\\"%s\\\".\", \"", "job_does_not_exist\", \"receivetask1\"),\n ex.getMessage());\n }\n\n // Signal job with receive task that does not exist.", "\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_RECEIVE_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n // Start the job.", "\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n try\n {\n // Job should be waiting at Receive task.", "\n Job jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertEquals(\"receivetask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n jobService.signalJob(new JobSignalRequest(job.getId(), \"receivetask_does_not_exist\", null, null));\n fail(\"Should throw an ObjectNotFoundException.\");", "\n }\n catch (ObjectNotFoundException ex)\n {\n assertEquals(String.format(\"No job found for matching job id: \\\"%s\\\" and receive task id: \\\"%s\\\".\", ", "job.getId(), \"receivetask_does_not_exist\"),\n ex.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Signals job with S3 properties set. ", "Parameters should be populated from the properties.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testSignalJobWithS3Properties() throws Exception\n {\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_RECEIVE_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n Parameter parameter = new Parameter(\"testName\", \"testValue\");\n S3PropertiesLocation s3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(\"s3BucketName\", \"s3ObjectKey\", parameter);\n\n // Start the job.", "\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n JobSignalRequest jobSignalRequest = new JobSignalRequest(job.getId(), \"receivetask1\", null, null);\n jobSignalRequest.setS3PropertiesLocation(s3PropertiesLocation);\n\n Job signalJob = jobService.signalJob(jobSignalRequest);\n\n assertParameterEquals(parameter, signalJob.getParameters());\n }\n\n /**\n * Signals job with both S3 properties and request parameters set. ", "If there are name clashes, the request parameter should take precedence.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testSignalJobWithS3PropertiesPrecedenceRequestParamsOverridesS3() throws Exception\n {\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_RECEIVE_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n Parameter s3Parameter = new Parameter(\"testName\", \"testValue\");\n Parameter requestParameter = new Parameter(\"testName\", \"expectedValue\");\n\n S3PropertiesLocation s3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(\"s3BucketName\", \"s3ObjectKey\", s3Parameter);\n\n // Start the job.", "\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n JobSignalRequest jobSignalRequest = new JobSignalRequest(job.getId(), \"receivetask1\", null, null);\n jobSignalRequest.setS3PropertiesLocation(s3PropertiesLocation);\n jobSignalRequest.setParameters(Arrays.asList(requestParameter));\n\n Job signalJob = jobService.signalJob(jobSignalRequest);\n\n assertParameterEquals(requestParameter, signalJob.getParameters());\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testUpdateJob() throws Exception\n {\n // Create a test job definition.", "\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_USER_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n // Create and start the job.", "\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n // Job should be waiting at User task.", "\n\n // Get the running job with non verbose.", "\n Job jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertEquals(\"usertask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Suspend the job.", "\n jobService.updateJob(job.getId(), new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "SUSPEND));\n\n // Validate that the job is suspended.", "\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "SUSPENDED, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertEquals(\"usertask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Resume the job.", "\n jobService.updateJob(job.getId(), new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "RESUME));\n\n // Validate that the job is running.", "\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertEquals(\"usertask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Query the pending task and complete it\n List<Task> tasks = activitiTaskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(job.getId()).list();\n\n activitiTaskService.complete(tasks.get(0).getId());\n\n // Job should have been completed.", "\n\n // Get the completed job with non verbose.", "\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getStartTime());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getEndTime());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertNull(jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep());\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testUpdateJobMissingRequiredParameters()\n {\n // Try to update a job when job id is not specified.", "\n try\n {\n jobService.updateJob(BLANK_TEXT, new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "RESUME));\n fail();\n }\n catch (IllegalArgumentException e)\n {\n assertEquals(\"A job id must be specified.\", ", "e.getMessage());\n }\n\n // Try to update a job when job update request is not specified.", "\n try\n {\n jobService.updateJob(INTEGER_VALUE.toString(), null);\n fail();\n }\n catch (IllegalArgumentException e)\n {\n assertEquals(\"A job update request must be specified.\", ", "e.getMessage());\n }\n\n // Try to update a job when job update action is not specified.", "\n try\n {\n jobService.updateJob(INTEGER_VALUE.toString(), new JobUpdateRequest(null));\n fail();\n }\n catch (IllegalArgumentException e)\n {\n assertEquals(\"A job update action must be specified.\", ", "e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testUpdateJobTrimParameters() throws Exception\n {\n // Create a test job definition.", "\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_USER_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n // Create and start the job.", "\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n // Job should be waiting at User task.", "\n\n // Get the running job with non verbose.", "\n Job jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertEquals(\"usertask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Suspend the job using input parameters with leading and trailing empty spaces.", "\n jobService.updateJob(addWhitespace(job.getId()), new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "SUSPEND));\n\n // Validate that the job is suspended.", "\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "SUSPENDED, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertEquals(\"usertask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Resume the job using input parameters with leading and trailing empty spaces.", "\n jobService.updateJob(addWhitespace(job.getId()), new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "RESUME));\n\n // Validate that the job is running.", "\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertEquals(\"usertask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Query the pending task and complete it\n List<Task> tasks = activitiTaskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(job.getId()).list();\n\n activitiTaskService.complete(tasks.get(0).getId());\n\n // Job should have been completed.", "\n\n // Get the completed job with non verbose.", "\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getStartTime());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getEndTime());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertNull(jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep());\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testUpdateJobInvalidParameters() throws Exception\n {\n // Create a test job definition.", "\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_USER_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n\n // Create and start the job.", "\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n // Job should be waiting at User task.", "\n\n // Get the running job with non verbose.", "\n Job jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertEquals(\"usertask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Try to update a job using invalid job id.\n try\n {\n jobService.updateJob(\"I_DO_NOT_EXIST\", new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "SUSPEND));\n fail();\n }\n catch (ObjectNotFoundException e)\n {\n assertEquals(\"Job with ID \\\"I_DO_NOT_EXIST\\\" does not exist or is already completed.\", ", "e.getMessage());\n }\n\n // Try to resume an already running job.", "\n try\n {\n jobService.updateJob(job.getId(), new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "RESUME));\n fail();\n }\n catch (IllegalArgumentException e)\n {\n assertEquals(String.format(\"Job with ID \\\"%s\\\" is already in an active state.\", ", "job.getId()), e.getMessage());\n }\n\n // Suspend the job.", "\n jobService.updateJob(job.getId(), new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "SUSPEND));\n\n // Validate that the job is suspended.", "\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "SUSPENDED, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertEquals(\"usertask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Try to suspend an already suspended job.", "\n try\n {\n jobService.updateJob(job.getId(), new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "SUSPEND));\n fail();\n }\n catch (IllegalArgumentException e)\n {\n assertEquals(String.format(\"Job with ID \\\"%s\\\" is already in a suspended state.\", ", "job.getId()), e.getMessage());\n }\n\n // Resume the job.", "\n jobService.updateJob(job.getId(), new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "RESUME));\n\n // Validate that the job is running.", "\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertEquals(\"usertask1\", jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep().getId());\n\n // Query the pending task and complete it\n List<Task> tasks = activitiTaskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(job.getId()).list();\n\n activitiTaskService.complete(tasks.get(0).getId());\n\n // Job should have been completed.", "\n\n // Get the completed job with non verbose.", "\n jobGet = jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, jobGet.getStatus());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getStartTime());\n assertNotNull(jobGet.getEndTime());\n assertNull(jobGet.getActivitiJobXml());\n assertTrue(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobGet.getCompletedWorkflowSteps()));\n assertNull(jobGet.getCurrentWorkflowStep());\n\n // Try to update a completed job.", "\n try\n {\n jobService.updateJob(job.getId(), new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "SUSPEND));\n fail();\n }\n catch (ObjectNotFoundException e)\n {\n assertEquals(String.format(\"Job with ID \\\"%s\\\" does not exist or is already completed.\", ", "job.getId()), e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a job where the definition and request has S3 properties. ", "Both parameters should be merged.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testCreateJobWithS3Properties() throws Exception\n {\n Parameter jobDefinitionS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"name1\", \"value1\");\n Parameter jobCreateRequestS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"name2\", \"value2\");\n\n String s3BucketName = \"s3BucketName\";\n S3PropertiesLocation jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobDefinitionObjectKey\", jobDefinitionS3Parameter);\n S3PropertiesLocation jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobCreationObjectKey\", jobCreateRequestS3Parameter);\n\n Job resultJob = createJobWithParameters(jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation, null, jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation, null);\n\n List<Parameter> actualParameters = resultJob.getParameters();\n\n assertParameterEquals(jobDefinitionS3Parameter, actualParameters);\n assertParameterEquals(jobCreateRequestS3Parameter, actualParameters);\n }\n\n /**\n * A Java Properties file is invalid when there is an invalid unicode reference. ", "The service should throw a friendly error message when such case happens.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testCreateJobWithS3PropertiesWithInvalidUnicodeThrows() throws Exception\n {\n Parameter jobCreateRequestS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"name2\", \"value2\\\\uxxxx\");\n\n String s3BucketName = \"s3BucketName\";\n S3PropertiesLocation jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobCreationObjectKey\", jobCreateRequestS3Parameter);\n String bucketName = jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation.getBucketName();\n String key = jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation.getKey();\n\n try\n {\n createJobWithParameters(null, null, jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation, null);\n Assert.fail(\"expected IllegalArgumentException, but no exception was thrown\");\n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n Assert.assertEquals(\"thrown exception type\", IllegalArgumentException.class, e.getClass());\n Assert.assertEquals(\"thrown exception message\", \"The properties file in S3 bucket '\" + bucketName + \"' and key '\" + key + \"' is invalid.\",", "\n e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a job where the definition and request has S3 properties and parameters. ", "The job create request's parameter should take precedence if there are\n * name clashes.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testCreateJobWithS3PropertiesPrecedenceJobRequestParamHighestPrecedence() throws Exception\n {\n Parameter jobDefinitionS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"testName\", \"testValue1\");\n Parameter jobDefinitionRequestParameter = new Parameter(\"testName\", \"testValue2\");\n Parameter jobCreateRequestS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"testName\", \"testValue3\");\n Parameter jobCreateRequestParameter = new Parameter(\"testName\", \"expectedValue\");\n\n String s3BucketName = \"s3BucketName\";\n S3PropertiesLocation jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobDefinitionObjectKey\", jobDefinitionS3Parameter);\n S3PropertiesLocation jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation =\n getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobCreateRequestObjectKey\", jobCreateRequestS3Parameter);\n\n Job resultJob =\n createJobWithParameters(jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation, Arrays.asList(jobDefinitionRequestParameter), jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation,\n Arrays.asList(jobCreateRequestParameter));\n\n List<Parameter> actualParameters = resultJob.getParameters();\n\n assertParameterEquals(jobCreateRequestParameter, actualParameters);\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a job where the definition has S3 properties and parameters and request has S3 properties. ", "The job create request's S3 properties should take\n * precedence if there are name clashes.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testCreateJobWithS3PropertiesPrecedenceJobRequestS3OverridesDefinitionParams() throws Exception\n {\n Parameter jobDefinitionS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"testName\", \"testValue1\");\n Parameter jobDefinitionRequestParameter = new Parameter(\"testName\", \"testValue2\");\n Parameter jobCreateRequestS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"testName\", \"expectedValue\");\n\n String s3BucketName = \"s3BucketName\";\n S3PropertiesLocation jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobDefinitionObjectKey\", jobDefinitionS3Parameter);\n S3PropertiesLocation jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation =\n getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobCreateRequestObjectKey\", jobCreateRequestS3Parameter);\n\n Job resultJob =\n createJobWithParameters(jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation, Arrays.asList(jobDefinitionRequestParameter), jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation,\n null);\n\n List<Parameter> actualParameters = resultJob.getParameters();\n\n assertParameterEquals(jobCreateRequestS3Parameter, actualParameters);\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a job where the definition has S3 properties and parameters and request has no parameters. ", "The job definition parameters should take precedence\n * if there are name clashes.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testCreateJobWithS3PropertiesPrecedenceDefinitionParamsOverridesDefinitionS3() throws Exception\n {\n Parameter jobDefinitionS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"testName\", \"testValue1\");\n Parameter jobDefinitionRequestParameter = new Parameter(\"testName\", \"expectedValue\");\n\n String s3BucketName = \"s3BucketName\";\n S3PropertiesLocation jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobDefinitionObjectKey\", jobDefinitionS3Parameter);\n\n Job resultJob = createJobWithParameters(jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation, Arrays.asList(jobDefinitionRequestParameter), null, null);\n\n List<Parameter> actualParameters = resultJob.getParameters();\n\n assertParameterEquals(jobDefinitionRequestParameter, actualParameters);\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a job where the definition's S3 object key does not exist. ", "It should throw a not found exception.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testCreateJobWithS3PropertiesDefinitionObjectKeyNotFoundThrows() throws Exception\n {\n Parameter jobDefinitionS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"name1\", \"value1\");\n Parameter jobCreateRequestS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"name2\", \"value2\");\n\n String s3BucketName = \"s3BucketName\";\n S3PropertiesLocation jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobDefinitionObjectKey\", jobDefinitionS3Parameter);\n S3PropertiesLocation jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobCreationObjectKey\", jobCreateRequestS3Parameter);\n\n jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation.setKey(\"NOT_FOUND\");\n\n try\n {\n createJobWithParameters(jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation, null, jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation, null);\n Assert.fail(\"expected ObjectNotFoundException, but no exception was thrown\");\n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n Assert.assertEquals(\"thrown exception type\", ObjectNotFoundException.class, e.getClass());\n Assert.assertEquals(\"thrown exception message\", \"Specified S3 object key '\" + jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation.getKey() + \"' does not exist.\",", "\n e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a job where the request's S3 object key does not exist. ", "It should throw a not found exception.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testCreateJobWithS3PropertiesCreateRequestObjectKeyNotFoundThrows() throws Exception\n {\n Parameter jobDefinitionS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"name1\", \"value1\");\n Parameter jobCreateRequestS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"name2\", \"value2\");\n\n String s3BucketName = \"s3BucketName\";\n S3PropertiesLocation jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobDefinitionObjectKey\", jobDefinitionS3Parameter);\n S3PropertiesLocation jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobCreationObjectKey\", jobCreateRequestS3Parameter);\n\n jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation.setKey(\"NOT_FOUND\");\n\n try\n {\n createJobWithParameters(jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation, null, jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation, null);\n Assert.fail(\"expected ObjectNotFoundException, but no exception was thrown\");\n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n Assert.assertEquals(\"thrown exception type\", ObjectNotFoundException.class, e.getClass());\n Assert.assertEquals(\"thrown exception message\", \"Specified S3 object key '\" + jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation.getKey() + \"' does not exist.\",", "\n e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a job where the request's S3 properties is given, but bucket name is not. ", "It should throw a bad request exception.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testCreateJobWithS3PropertiesValidationBucketNameRequired() throws Exception\n {\n Parameter jobCreateRequestS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"name2\", \"value2\");\n\n String s3BucketName = \"s3BucketName\";\n S3PropertiesLocation jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobCreationObjectKey\", jobCreateRequestS3Parameter);\n jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation.setBucketName(null);\n\n try\n {\n createJobWithParameters(null, null, jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation, null);\n Assert.fail(\"expected IllegalArgumentException, but no exception was thrown\");\n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n Assert.assertEquals(\"thrown exception type\", IllegalArgumentException.class, e.getClass());\n Assert.assertEquals(\"thrown exception message\", \"S3 properties location bucket name must be specified.\", ", "e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a job where the request's S3 properties is given, but object key is not. ", "It should throw a bad request exception.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testCreateJobWithS3PropertiesValidationObjectKeyRequired() throws Exception\n {\n Parameter jobCreateRequestS3Parameter = new Parameter(\"name2\", \"value2\");\n\n String s3BucketName = \"s3BucketName\";\n S3PropertiesLocation jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation = getS3PropertiesLocation(s3BucketName, \"jobCreationObjectKey\", jobCreateRequestS3Parameter);\n jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation.setKey(null);\n\n try\n {\n createJobWithParameters(null, null, jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation, null);\n Assert.fail(\"expected IllegalArgumentException, but no exception was thrown\");\n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n Assert.assertEquals(\"thrown exception type\", IllegalArgumentException.class, e.getClass());\n Assert.assertEquals(\"thrown exception message\", \"S3 properties location object key must be specified.\", ", "e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Tests an edge case where the job definition was persisted with some S3 properties location, but due to some datafix, the S3 properties location's object\n * key was removed, but not the bucket name. ", "The service should still work, it would simply ignore the definition's S3 properties location.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testCreateJobWithS3PropertiesJobDefinitionWrongDatafixSafety() throws Exception\n {\n // Create the namespace entity.", "\n namespaceDaoTestHelper.createNamespaceEntity(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD);\n\n // Create a job definition create request using hard coded test values.", "\n JobDefinitionCreateRequest jobDefinitionCreateRequest = jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinitionCreateRequest();\n jobDefinitionCreateRequest.setS3PropertiesLocation(getS3PropertiesLocation(\"testBucketName\", \"testObjectKey\", new Parameter(\"testName\", \"testValue\")));\n jobDefinitionCreateRequest.setParameters(null);\n\n // Create the job definition.", "\n JobDefinition jobDefinition = jobDefinitionService.createJobDefinition(jobDefinitionCreateRequest, false);\n Long jobDefinitionId = jobDefinition.getId();\n JobDefinitionEntity jobDefinitionEntity = herdDao.findById(JobDefinitionEntity.class, jobDefinitionId);\n\n jobDefinitionEntity.setS3ObjectKey(null);\n\n // Create a job create request using hard coded test values.", "\n JobCreateRequest jobCreateRequest = jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME);\n jobCreateRequest.setParameters(null);\n\n // Create the job.", "\n Job resultJob = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobCreateRequest);\n\n Assert.assertNotNull(\"resultJob parameters\", resultJob.getParameters());\n }\n\n /**\n * Asserts that the deleteJob call will move the job to completion, and add a record in the history instance with the specified delete reason.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testDeleteJob() throws Exception\n {\n // Start a job that will wait in a receive task\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_RECEIVE_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n // Create a job delete request\n JobDeleteRequest jobDeleteRequest = new JobDeleteRequest();\n jobDeleteRequest.setDeleteReason(\"test delete reason\");\n Job deleteJobResponse = jobService.deleteJob(job.getId(), jobDeleteRequest);\n\n // Assert delete job response\n assertEquals(job.getId(), deleteJobResponse.getId());\n assertEquals(job.getJobName(), deleteJobResponse.getJobName());\n assertEquals(job.getNamespace(), deleteJobResponse.getNamespace());\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, deleteJobResponse.getStatus());\n assertEquals(jobDeleteRequest.getDeleteReason(), deleteJobResponse.getDeleteReason());\n\n // Assert historic process instance\n HistoricProcessInstance historicProcessInstance =\n activitiHistoryService.createHistoricProcessInstanceQuery().processInstanceId(job.getId()).singleResult();\n assertNotNull(historicProcessInstance);\n assertEquals(jobDeleteRequest.getDeleteReason(), historicProcessInstance.getDeleteReason());\n }\n\n @Test\n @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.", "NOT_SUPPORTED)\n public void testDeleteJobActiveJobWithMultipleSubProcesses() throws Exception\n {\n // Create and persist a test job definition.", "\n executeJdbcTestHelper\n .prepareHerdDatabaseForExecuteJdbcWithReceiveTaskTest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_MULTIPLE_SUB_PROCESSES);\n\n try\n {\n // Get the job definition entity and ensure it exists.", "\n JobDefinitionEntity jobDefinitionEntity = jobDefinitionDao.getJobDefinitionByAltKey(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME);\n assertNotNull(jobDefinitionEntity);\n\n // Get the process definition id.\n String processDefinitionId = jobDefinitionEntity.getActivitiId();\n\n // Build the parameters map.", "\n Map<String, Object> parameters = new HashMap<>();\n parameters.put(\"counter\", 0);\n\n // Start the job.", "\n ProcessInstance processInstance = activitiService.startProcessInstanceByProcessDefinitionId(processDefinitionId, parameters);\n assertNotNull(processInstance);\n\n // Get the process instance id for this job.", "\n String processInstanceId = processInstance.getProcessInstanceId();\n\n // Wait for all processes to become active - we expect to have the main process along with 800 sub-processes.", "\n waitUntilActiveProcessesThreshold(processDefinitionId, 801);\n\n // Get the job and validate that it is RUNNING.", "\n Job getJobResponse = jobService.getJob(processInstanceId, true);\n assertNotNull(getJobResponse);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, getJobResponse.getStatus());\n\n // Delete the job and validate the response.", "\n Job deleteJobResponse = jobService.deleteJob(processInstanceId, new JobDeleteRequest(ACTIVITI_JOB_DELETE_REASON));\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, deleteJobResponse.getStatus());\n assertEquals(ACTIVITI_JOB_DELETE_REASON, deleteJobResponse.getDeleteReason());\n\n // Validate the historic process instance.", "\n HistoricProcessInstance historicProcessInstance =\n activitiHistoryService.createHistoricProcessInstanceQuery().processInstanceId(processInstanceId).singleResult();\n assertNotNull(historicProcessInstance);\n assertEquals(ACTIVITI_JOB_DELETE_REASON, historicProcessInstance.getDeleteReason());\n }\n finally\n {\n // Clean up the Herd database.", "\n executeJdbcTestHelper.cleanUpHerdDatabaseAfterExecuteJdbcWithReceiveTaskTest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME);\n\n // Clean up the Activiti.", "\n deleteActivitiDeployments();\n }\n }\n\n @Test\n @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.", "NOT_SUPPORTED)\n public void testDeleteJobSuspendedJobWithMultipleSubProcesses() throws Exception\n {\n // Create and persist a test job definition.", "\n executeJdbcTestHelper\n .prepareHerdDatabaseForExecuteJdbcWithReceiveTaskTest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME, ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_MULTIPLE_SUB_PROCESSES);\n\n try\n {\n // Get the job definition entity and ensure it exists.", "\n JobDefinitionEntity jobDefinitionEntity = jobDefinitionDao.getJobDefinitionByAltKey(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME);\n assertNotNull(jobDefinitionEntity);\n\n // Get the process definition id.\n String processDefinitionId = jobDefinitionEntity.getActivitiId();\n\n // Build the parameters map.", "\n Map<String, Object> parameters = new HashMap<>();\n parameters.put(\"counter\", 0);\n\n // Start the job.", "\n ProcessInstance processInstance = activitiService.startProcessInstanceByProcessDefinitionId(processDefinitionId, parameters);\n assertNotNull(processInstance);\n\n // Get the process instance id for this job.", "\n String processInstanceId = processInstance.getProcessInstanceId();\n\n // Wait for all processes to become active - we expect to have the main process along with 800 sub-processes.", "\n waitUntilActiveProcessesThreshold(processDefinitionId, 801);\n\n // Get the job and validate that it is RUNNING.", "\n Job getJobResponse = jobService.getJob(processInstanceId, true);\n assertNotNull(getJobResponse);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "RUNNING, getJobResponse.getStatus());\n\n // Suspend the job.", "\n jobService.updateJob(processInstanceId, new JobUpdateRequest(JobActionEnum.", "SUSPEND));\n\n // Get the job again and validate that it is now SUSPENDED.", "\n getJobResponse = jobService.getJob(processInstanceId, true);\n assertNotNull(getJobResponse);\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "SUSPENDED, getJobResponse.getStatus());\n\n // Delete the job in suspended state and validate the response.", "\n Job deleteJobResponse = jobService.deleteJob(processInstanceId, new JobDeleteRequest(ACTIVITI_JOB_DELETE_REASON));\n assertEquals(JobStatusEnum.", "COMPLETED, deleteJobResponse.getStatus());\n assertEquals(ACTIVITI_JOB_DELETE_REASON, deleteJobResponse.getDeleteReason());\n\n // Validate the historic process instance.", "\n HistoricProcessInstance historicProcessInstance =\n activitiHistoryService.createHistoricProcessInstanceQuery().processInstanceId(processInstanceId).singleResult();\n assertNotNull(historicProcessInstance);\n assertEquals(ACTIVITI_JOB_DELETE_REASON, historicProcessInstance.getDeleteReason());\n }\n finally\n {\n // Clean up the Herd database.", "\n executeJdbcTestHelper.cleanUpHerdDatabaseAfterExecuteJdbcWithReceiveTaskTest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME);\n\n // Clean up the Activiti.", "\n deleteActivitiDeployments();\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Blocks the current calling thread until number of active processes for the process definition id reaches the specified threshold. ", "This method will\n * timeout with an assertion error if the waiting takes longer than 15,000 ms. ", "This is a reasonable amount of time for the JUnits that use this method.", "\n *\n * @param processDefinitionId the process definition id\n * @param activeProcessesThreshold the threshold for the number of active processes\n */\n private void waitUntilActiveProcessesThreshold(String processDefinitionId, int activeProcessesThreshold) throws Exception\n {\n // Set the start time.", "\n long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();\n\n // Create a process instance query for the active sub-processes.", "\n ProcessInstanceQuery processInstanceQuery = activitiRuntimeService.createProcessInstanceQuery().processDefinitionId(processDefinitionId).active();\n\n // Get the current count of the active processes.", "\n long activeProcessesCount = processInstanceQuery.count();\n\n // Run while there are less active processes than the specified threshold.", "\n while (activeProcessesCount < activeProcessesThreshold)\n {\n // Get the elapsed time.", "\n long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();\n long elapsedTime = currentTime - startTime;\n\n // If time spent waiting is longer than 15,000 ms\n if (elapsedTime > 15000)\n {\n // Dump the current runtime variables into the error log to make it easier to debug\n StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(\"Dumping workflow variables due to error:\\n\");\n builder.append(\"Process definition id: \").append(processDefinitionId).append('\\n');\n builder.append(\"Active processes threshold: \").append(activeProcessesThreshold).append('\\n');\n builder.append(\"Number of active processes: \").append(activeProcessesCount).append('\\n');\n List<Execution> executions = activitiRuntimeService.createExecutionQuery().list();\n builder.append(\"Total number of executions: \").append(executions.size()).append('\\n');\n for (Execution execution : executions)\n {\n builder.append(\"Execution - \").append(execution).append(\":\\n\");\n builder.append(\" execution.getId():\").append(execution.getId()).append('\\n');\n builder.append(\" execution.getActivityId():\").append(execution.getActivityId()).append('\\n');\n builder.append(\" execution.getParentId():\").append(execution.getParentId()).append('\\n');\n builder.append(\" execution.getProcessInstanceId():\").append(execution.getProcessInstanceId()).append('\\n');\n builder.append(\" execution.isEnded():\").append(execution.isEnded()).append('\\n');\n builder.append(\" execution.isSuspended():\").append(execution.isSuspended()).append('\\n');\n Map<String, Object> executionVariables = activitiRuntimeService.getVariables(execution.getId());\n for (Map.", "Entry<String, Object> variable : executionVariables.entrySet())\n {\n builder.append(\" \").append(variable).append('\\n');\n }\n }\n LOGGER.error(builder.toString());\n\n // Fail assertion\n fail(\"The test did not finished in the specified timeout (15s). ", "See error logs for variable dump.\");", "\n }\n\n // Sleep for 100 ms.", "\n Thread.sleep(100);\n\n // Update the current count of the active processes.", "\n activeProcessesCount = processInstanceQuery.count();\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Asserts that the deleteJob call will throw an error when delete reason is blank.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testDeleteJobAssertErrorDeleteReasonBlank() throws Exception\n {\n // Start a job that will wait in a receive task\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_RECEIVE_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n // Create a job delete request\n JobDeleteRequest jobDeleteRequest = new JobDeleteRequest();\n jobDeleteRequest.setDeleteReason(BLANK_TEXT);\n try\n {\n jobService.deleteJob(job.getId(), jobDeleteRequest);\n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n assertEquals(IllegalArgumentException.class, e.getClass());\n assertEquals(\"deleteReason must be specified\", e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Asserts that the deleteJob call will throw an error when specified job does not exist.", "\n *\n * @throws Exception\n */\n @Test\n public void testDeleteJobAssertErrorJobDoesNotExist() throws Exception\n {\n // Create a job delete request\n JobDeleteRequest jobDeleteRequest = new JobDeleteRequest();\n jobDeleteRequest.setDeleteReason(\"test delete reason\");\n try\n {\n jobService.deleteJob(\"DOES_NOT_EXIST\", jobDeleteRequest);\n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n assertEquals(ObjectNotFoundException.class, e.getClass());\n assertEquals(\"Job with ID \\\"DOES_NOT_EXIST\\\" does not exist or is already completed.\", ", "e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testDeleteJobAssertAccessDeniedWhenUserHasNoPermissions() throws Exception\n {\n // Start a job that will wait in a receive task\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_RECEIVE_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n String username = \"username\";\n ApplicationUser applicationUser = new ApplicationUser(getClass());\n applicationUser.setUserId(username);\n applicationUser.setNamespaceAuthorizations(new HashSet<>());\n SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(\n new TestingAuthenticationToken(new SecurityUserWrapper(username, \"password\", false, false, false, false, Collections.emptyList(), applicationUser),\n null));\n\n try\n {\n jobService.deleteJob(job.getId(), new JobDeleteRequest(\"test delete reason\"));\n fail();\n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n assertEquals(AccessDeniedException.class, e.getClass());\n assertEquals(String.format(\"User \\\"%s\\\" does not have \\\"[EXECUTE]\\\" permission(s) to the namespace \\\"%s\\\"\", username, TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD),\n e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testDeleteJobAssertNoErrorWhenUserHasPermissions() throws Exception\n {\n // Start a job that will wait in a receive task\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_RECEIVE_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n String username = \"username\";\n ApplicationUser applicationUser = new ApplicationUser(getClass());\n applicationUser.setUserId(username);\n applicationUser.setNamespaceAuthorizations(new HashSet<>());\n applicationUser.getNamespaceAuthorizations()\n .add(new NamespaceAuthorization(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, Arrays.asList(NamespacePermissionEnum.", "EXECUTE)));\n SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(\n new TestingAuthenticationToken(new SecurityUserWrapper(username, \"password\", false, false, false, false, Collections.emptyList(), applicationUser),\n null));\n\n try\n {\n jobService.deleteJob(job.getId(), new JobDeleteRequest(\"test delete reason\"));\n }\n catch (AccessDeniedException e)\n {\n fail();\n }\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testGetJobAssertAccessDeniedGivenJobCompletedAndUserDoesNotHavePermissions() throws Exception\n {\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(null);\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n String username = \"username\";\n ApplicationUser applicationUser = new ApplicationUser(getClass());\n applicationUser.setUserId(username);\n applicationUser.setNamespaceAuthorizations(new HashSet<>());\n SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(\n new TestingAuthenticationToken(new SecurityUserWrapper(username, \"password\", false, false, false, false, Collections.emptyList(), applicationUser),\n null));\n\n try\n {\n jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n fail();\n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n assertEquals(AccessDeniedException.class, e.getClass());\n assertEquals(String.format(\"User \\\"%s\\\" does not have \\\"[READ]\\\" permission(s) to the namespace \\\"%s\\\"\", username, TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD),\n e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testGetJobAssertNoErrorGivenJobCompletedAndUserDoesHasPermissions() throws Exception\n {\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(null);\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n String username = \"username\";\n ApplicationUser applicationUser = new ApplicationUser(getClass());\n applicationUser.setUserId(username);\n applicationUser.setNamespaceAuthorizations(new HashSet<>());\n applicationUser.getNamespaceAuthorizations().add(new NamespaceAuthorization(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, Arrays.asList(NamespacePermissionEnum.", "READ)));\n SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(\n new TestingAuthenticationToken(new SecurityUserWrapper(username, \"password\", false, false, false, false, Collections.emptyList(), applicationUser),\n null));\n\n try\n {\n jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n }\n catch (AccessDeniedException e)\n {\n fail();\n }\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testGetJobAssertAccessDeniedGivenJobRunningAndUserDoesNotHavePermissions() throws Exception\n {\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_USER_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n String username = \"username\";\n ApplicationUser applicationUser = new ApplicationUser(getClass());\n applicationUser.setUserId(username);\n applicationUser.setNamespaceAuthorizations(new HashSet<>());\n SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(\n new TestingAuthenticationToken(new SecurityUserWrapper(username, \"password\", false, false, false, false, Collections.emptyList(), applicationUser),\n null));\n\n try\n {\n jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n fail();\n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n assertEquals(AccessDeniedException.class, e.getClass());\n assertEquals(String.format(\"User \\\"%s\\\" does not have \\\"[READ]\\\" permission(s) to the namespace \\\"%s\\\"\", username, TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD),\n e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testGetJobAssertNoErrorGivenJobRunningAndUserDoesHasPermissions() throws Exception\n {\n jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinition(ACTIVITI_XML_TEST_USER_TASK_WITH_CLASSPATH);\n Job job = jobService.createAndStartJob(jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME));\n\n String username = \"username\";\n ApplicationUser applicationUser = new ApplicationUser(getClass());\n applicationUser.setUserId(username);\n applicationUser.setNamespaceAuthorizations(new HashSet<>());\n applicationUser.getNamespaceAuthorizations().add(new NamespaceAuthorization(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, Arrays.asList(NamespacePermissionEnum.", "READ)));\n SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(\n new TestingAuthenticationToken(new SecurityUserWrapper(username, \"password\", false, false, false, false, Collections.emptyList(), applicationUser),\n null));\n\n try\n {\n jobService.getJob(job.getId(), false);\n }\n catch (AccessDeniedException e)\n {\n fail();\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Puts a Java properties into S3 where the key-value is the given parameter. ", "Returns a {@link S3PropertiesLocation} with the S3 info.", "\n *\n * @param s3BucketName the S3 bucket name\n * @param s3ObjectKey the S3 object key\n * @param parameter the parameter\n *\n * @return the S3 properties location\n */\n private S3PropertiesLocation getS3PropertiesLocation(String s3BucketName, String s3ObjectKey, Parameter parameter)\n {\n putParameterIntoS3(s3BucketName, s3ObjectKey, parameter);\n\n S3PropertiesLocation jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation = new S3PropertiesLocation();\n jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation.setBucketName(s3BucketName);\n jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation.setKey(s3ObjectKey);\n return jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a new job definition, and a job using the default values and given parameters configurations.", "\n *\n * @param jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation the S3 properties location for the job definition\n * @param jobDefinitionParameters the job definition parameters\n * @param jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation the S3 properties location for the job create request\n * @param jobCreateRequestParameters the job create request parameters\n *\n * @return the job\n * @throws Exception\n */\n private Job createJobWithParameters(S3PropertiesLocation jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation, List<Parameter> jobDefinitionParameters,\n S3PropertiesLocation jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation, List<Parameter> jobCreateRequestParameters) throws Exception\n {\n // Create the namespace entity.", "\n namespaceDaoTestHelper.createNamespaceEntity(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD);\n\n // Create a job definition create request using hard coded test values.", "\n JobDefinitionCreateRequest jobDefinitionCreateRequest = jobDefinitionServiceTestHelper.createJobDefinitionCreateRequest();\n jobDefinitionCreateRequest.setParameters(jobDefinitionParameters);\n jobDefinitionCreateRequest.setS3PropertiesLocation(jobDefinitionS3PropertiesLocation);\n\n // Create the job definition.", "\n jobDefinitionService.createJobDefinition(jobDefinitionCreateRequest, false);\n\n // Create a job create request using hard coded test values.", "\n JobCreateRequest jobCreateRequest = jobServiceTestHelper.createJobCreateRequest(TEST_ACTIVITI_NAMESPACE_CD, TEST_ACTIVITI_JOB_NAME);\n jobCreateRequest.setParameters(jobCreateRequestParameters);\n jobCreateRequest.setS3PropertiesLocation(jobCreateRequestS3PropertiesLocation);\n\n // Create the job.", "\n return jobService.createAndStartJob(jobCreateRequest);\n }\n\n /**\n * Asserts that the given expected parameter exists and value matches from the given collection of parameters.", "\n *\n * @param expectedParameter the expected parameter\n * @param actualParameters the actual parameter\n */\n private void assertParameterEquals(Parameter expectedParameter, List<Parameter> actualParameters)\n {\n String name = expectedParameter.getName();\n Parameter actualParameter = getParameter(name, actualParameters);\n Assert.assertNotNull(\"parameter ['\" + name + \"'] not found\", actualParameter);\n Assert.assertEquals(\"parameter ['\" + name + \"'] value\", actualParameter.getValue(), expectedParameter.getValue());\n }\n\n /**\n * Puts a Java properties file content into S3. ", "The Properties contains a single key-value defined by the given parameter object.", "\n *\n * @param s3BucketName the S3 bucket name\n * @param s3ObjectKey the S3 object key\n * @param parameter the parameter\n */\n private void putParameterIntoS3(String s3BucketName, String s3ObjectKey, Parameter parameter)\n {\n String content = parameter.getName() + \"=\" + parameter.getValue();\n byte[] bytes = content.getBytes();\n ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);\n\n ObjectMetadata metadata = new ObjectMetadata();\n metadata.setContentLength(content.length());\n\n PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = new PutObjectRequest(s3BucketName, s3ObjectKey, inputStream, metadata);\n s3Operations.putObject(putObjectRequest, null);\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets a parameter by name from the give collection of parameters. ", "Returns null if the parameter does not exist.", "\n *\n * @param name the name of the parameter\n * @param parameters the collection of the parameters\n *\n * @return the parameter with the specified name or null is not found\n */\n private Parameter getParameter(String name, Collection<Parameter> parameters)\n {\n for (Parameter parameter : parameters)\n {\n if (name.equals(parameter.getName()))\n {\n return parameter;\n }\n }\n return null;\n }\n\n /**\n * Validates the job summaries per specified map of expected job ids to their relative statuses.", "\n *\n * @param expectedJobStatuses the map of expected job ids to their relative statuses\n * @param actualJobSummaries the job summaries to be validated\n */\n private void validateJobSummaries(Map<String, JobStatusEnum> expectedJobStatuses, JobSummaries actualJobSummaries)\n {\n // Build the mapping of the actual job ids to job statuses.", "\n Map<String, JobStatusEnum> actualJobStatuses = new HashMap<>();\n for (JobSummary actualJobSummary : actualJobSummaries.getJobSummaries())\n {\n actualJobStatuses.put(actualJobSummary.getId(), actualJobSummary.getStatus());\n }\n\n // Compare the expected and actual mappings.", "\n assertEquals(expectedJobStatuses, actualJobStatuses);\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nProving inequality: $|\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}| \\leq \\frac{|x - y|}{2\\text{min}\\{\\sqrt{x}, \\sqrt{y}\\}}$\n\nI am trying to prove the inequality, $|\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}| \\leq \\frac{|x - y|}{2\\text{min}\\{\\sqrt{x}, \\sqrt{y}\\}}$, holds for $x,y > 0$, and then using that to show that the function $f : \\mathbb{R}^{+} \\to \\mathbb{R}, x \\mapsto \\sqrt{x}$ is continuous. ", "I'm not positive that my proof of the inequality is correct, and also whether my relation to the function is sufficient enough.", "\nMy proof:\nLet $x \\geq y$. Then, $|\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}| = \\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}$, and $|x - y| = x - y$. Hence,\n\\begin{align*}\n2\\text{min}\\{\\sqrt{x}, \\sqrt{y}\\} &= 2\\Big(\\frac{1}{2}\\Big(\\sqrt{x} + \\sqrt{y} - |\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}|\\Big)\\Big) \\\\\n&= \\sqrt{x} + \\sqrt{y} - \\sqrt{x} + \\sqrt{y} \\\\\n&= 2\\sqrt{y}.", "\n\\end{align*}\nThus, $\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y} \\leq \\frac{x - y}{2\\sqrt{y}}$. Consequently,\n\\begin{equation*}\n0 \\leq \\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y} \\Rightarrow \\sqrt{y} \\leq \\sqrt{x} \\Rightarrow y \\leq x \\Rightarrow \\frac{y}{\\sqrt{y}} \\leq \\frac{x}{\\sqrt{y}} \\Rightarrow \\frac{y}{2\\sqrt{y}} \\leq \\frac{x}{2\\sqrt{y}} \\Rightarrow 0 \\leq \\frac{x-y}{2\\sqrt{y}}.", "\n\\end{equation*}\nTherefore, $0 \\leq \\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y} \\leq \\frac{x - y}{2\\sqrt{y}}$, for $x \\geq y$.\nNow let $y \\geq y - x$. Then, $|\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}| = \\sqrt{y} - \\sqrt{x}$ and $|x - y| = y - x$. Hence,\n\\begin{align*}\n2\\text{min}\\{\\sqrt{x}, \\sqrt{y}\\} &= 2\\Big(\\frac{1}{2}\\Big(\\sqrt{x} + \\sqrt{y} - |\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}|\\Big)\\Big) \\\\\n&= \\sqrt{x} + \\sqrt{y} - (\\sqrt{y} - \\sqrt{x}) \\\\\n&= \\sqrt{x} + \\sqrt{y} - \\sqrt{y} + \\sqrt{x} \\\\\n&= 2\\sqrt{x}.", "\n\\end{align*}\nThus, $\\sqrt{y} - \\sqrt{x} \\leq \\frac{y - x}{2\\sqrt{x}}$. Consequently,\n\\begin{equation*}\n0 \\leq \\sqrt{y} - \\sqrt{x} \\Rightarrow \\sqrt{x} \\leq \\sqrt{y} \\Rightarrow x \\leq y \\Rightarrow \\frac{x}{2\\sqrt{x}} \\leq \\frac{y}{2\\sqrt{x}} \\Rightarrow 0 \\leq \\frac{x-y}{2\\sqrt{x}}.", "\n\\end{equation*}\nTherefore, $0 \\leq \\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y} \\leq \\frac{|x - y|}{2\\text{min}\\{\\sqrt{x}, \\sqrt{y}\\}}$, for $ y \\geq x$. \nNow, let there be a function $f : \\mathbb{R}^{+} \\to \\mathbb{R}, x \\mapsto \\sqrt{x}$. This function is continuous for a $\\sqrt{x} \\in \\mathbb{R}^{+}$ iff for each $\\epsilon > 0$ there exists a $\\delta > 0$ s.t. ", "for all $\\sqrt{y} \\in \\mathbb{R}^{+}$ one has $|\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}| < \\delta$. Let $\\delta = \\frac{|x - y|}{2\\text{min}\\{\\sqrt{x}, \\sqrt{y}\\}}$. Then $|\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}| < \\frac{|x-y|}{2\\text{min}\\{\\sqrt{x}, \\sqrt{y}\\}}$. We proved this is true for cases $x,y > 0, x \\geq y$ and $y \\geq x$. Then we can conclude that $|f(\\sqrt{x}) - f(\\sqrt{y})| < \\epsilon$, where $\\epsilon = \\frac{|f(\\sqrt{x}) - f(\\sqrt{y})|}{2\\text{min}\\{f(\\sqrt{x}), f(\\sqrt{y})\\}}.$ \n\nA:\n\nOr if $x$ and $y$ are not both $0$,\n$$|\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}|= \\frac{|\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}||\\sqrt{x} + \\sqrt{y}| }{|\\sqrt{x} + \\sqrt{y}| }\\\\ = \\frac{|x - y| }{|\\sqrt{x} + \\sqrt{y}| }.$$\nSince, $x \\mapsto \\sqrt{x}$ is non-negative, we have $|\\sqrt{x} + \\sqrt{y}| = \\sqrt{x} + \\sqrt{y} \\geqslant 2 \\min(\\sqrt{x},\\sqrt{y}), $ and\n$$|\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}| \\leqslant \\frac{|x - y|}{2 \\min(\\sqrt{x},\\sqrt{y}) }.$$\nA more expedient way to prove continuity of $f(x) = \\sqrt{x}$ (at $x=0$ as well) is to use\n$$|\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}|^2 \\leqslant |\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}||\\sqrt{x} + \\sqrt{y}| = |x - y|.$$\nIf $|x - y| < \\delta = \\epsilon^2$, then $|\\sqrt{x} - \\sqrt{y}| < \\epsilon.$\n\n" ]

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[ "Grimm’s fairy tales\n\nFrederick and Catherine\n\nOctober 13, 2015\n\n314 Views\n\nThere was once a man called Frederick: he had a wife whose name was Catherine, and they had not long been married. ", "One day Frederick said. ‘", "Kate! ", "I am going to work in the fields; when I come back I shall be hungry so let me have something nice cooked, and a good draught of ale.’ ‘", "Very well,’ said she, ‘it shall all be ready.’ ", "When dinner-time drew nigh, Catherine took a nice steak, which was all the meat she had, and put it on the fire to fry. ", "The steak soon began to look brown, and to crackle in the pan; and Catherine stood by with a fork and turned it: then she said to herself, ‘The steak is almost ready, I may as well go to the cellar for the ale.’ ", "So she left the pan on the fire and took a large jug and went into the cellar and tapped the ale cask. ", "The beer ran into the jug and Catherine stood looking on. ", "At last it popped into her head, ‘The dog is not shut up–he may be running away with the steak; that’s well thought of.’ ", "So up she ran from the cellar; and sure enough the rascally cur had got the steak in his mouth, and was making off with it.", "\n\nAway ran Catherine, and away ran the dog across the field: but he ran faster than she, and stuck close to the steak. ‘", "It’s all gone, and “what can’t be cured must be endured”,’ said Catherine. ", "So she turned round; and as she had run a good way and was tired, she walked home leisurely to cool herself.", "\n\nNow all this time the ale was running too, for Catherine had not turned the cock; and when the jug was full the liquor ran upon the floor till the cask was empty. ", "When she got to the cellar stairs she saw what had happened. ‘", "My stars!’ ", "said she, ‘what shall I do to keep Frederick from seeing all this slopping about?’ ", "So she thought a while; and at last remembered that there was a sack of fine meal bought at the last fair, and that if she sprinkled this over the floor it would suck up the ale nicely. ‘", "What a lucky thing,’ said she, ‘that we kept that meal! ", "we have now a good use for it.’ ", "So away she went for it: but she managed to set it down just upon the great jug full of beer, and upset it; and thus all the ale that had been saved was set swimming on the floor also. ‘", "Ah! ", "well,’ said she, ‘when one goes another may as well follow.’ ", "Then she strewed the meal all about the cellar, and was quite pleased with her cleverness, and said, ‘How very neat and clean it looks!’", "\n\nAt noon Frederick came home. ‘", "Now, wife,’ cried he, ‘what have you for dinner?’ ‘", "O Frederick!’ ", "answered she, ‘I was cooking you a steak; but while I went down to draw the ale, the dog ran away with it; and while I ran after him, the ale ran out; and when I went to dry up the ale with the sack of meal that we got at the fair, I upset the jug: but the cellar is now quite dry, and looks so clean!’ ‘", "Kate, Kate,’ said he, ‘how could you do all this?’ ", "Why did you leave the steak to fry, and the ale to run, and then spoil all the meal?’ ‘", "Why, Frederick,’ said she, ‘I did not know I was doing wrong; you should have told me before.’", "\n\nThe husband thought to himself, ‘If my wife manages matters thus, I must look sharp myself.’ ", "Now he had a good deal of gold in the house: so he said to Catherine, ‘What pretty yellow buttons these are! ", "I shall put them into a box and bury them in the garden; but take care that you never go near or meddle with them.’ ‘", "No, Frederick,’ said she, ‘that I never will.’ ", "As soon as he was gone, there came by some pedlars with earthenware plates and dishes, and they asked her whether she would buy. ‘", "Oh dear me, I should like to buy very much, but I have no money: if you had any use for yellow buttons, I might deal with you.’ ‘", "Yellow buttons!’ ", "said they: ‘let us have a look at them.’ ‘", "Go into the garden and dig where I tell you, and you will find the yellow buttons: I dare not go myself.’ ", "So the rogues went: and when they found what these yellow buttons were, they took them all away, and left her plenty of plates and dishes. ", "Then she set them all about the house for a show: and when Frederick came back, he cried out, ‘Kate, what have you been doing?’ ‘", "See,’ said she, ‘I have bought all these with your yellow buttons: but I did not touch them myself; the pedlars went themselves and dug them up.’ ‘", "Wife, wife,’ said Frederick, ‘what a pretty piece of work you have made! ", "those yellow buttons were all my money: how came you to do such a thing?’ ‘", "Why,’ answered she, ‘I did not know there was any harm in it; you should have told me.’", "\n\nCatherine stood musing for a while, and at last said to her husband, ‘Hark ye, Frederick, we will soon get the gold back: let us run after the thieves.’ ‘", "Well, we will try,’ answered he; ‘but take some butter and cheese with you, that we may have something to eat by the way.’ ‘", "Very well,’ said she; and they set out: and as Frederick walked the fastest, he left his wife some way behind. ‘", "It does not matter,’ thought she: ‘when we turn back, I shall be so much nearer home than he.’", "\n\nPresently she came to the top of a hill, down the side of which there was a road so narrow that the cart wheels always chafed the trees on each side as they passed. ‘", "Ah, see now,’ said she, ‘how they have bruised and wounded those poor trees; they will never get well.’ ", "So she took pity on them, and made use of the butter to grease them all, so that the wheels might not hurt them so much. ", "While she was doing this kind office one of her cheeses fell out of the basket, and rolled down the hill. ", "Catherine looked, but could not see where it had gone; so she said, ‘Well, I suppose the other will go the same way and find you; he has younger legs than I have.’ ", "Then she rolled the other cheese after it; and away it went, nobody knows where, down the hill. ", "But she said she supposed that they knew the road, and would follow her, and she could not stay there all day waiting for them.", "\n\nAt last she overtook Frederick, who desired her to give him something to eat. ", "Then she gave him the dry bread. ‘", "Where are the butter and cheese?’ ", "said he. ‘", "Oh!’ ", "answered she, ‘I used the butter to grease those poor trees that the wheels chafed so: and one of the cheeses ran away so I sent the other after it to find it, and I suppose they are both on the road together somewhere.’ ‘", "What a goose you are to do such silly things!’ ", "said the husband. ‘", "How can you say so?’ ", "said she; ‘I am sure you never told me not.’", "\n\nThey ate the dry bread together; and Frederick said, ‘Kate, I hope you locked the door safe when you came away.’ ‘", "No,’ answered she, ‘you did not tell me.’ ‘", "Then go home, and do it now before we go any farther,’ said Frederick, ‘and bring with you something to eat.’", "\n\nCatherine did as he told her, and thought to herself by the way, ‘Frederick wants something to eat; but I don’t think he is very fond of butter and cheese: I’ll bring him a bag of fine nuts, and the vinegar, for I have often seen him take some.’", "\n\nWhen she reached home, she bolted the back door, but the front door she took off the hinges, and said, ‘Frederick told me to lock the door, but surely it can nowhere be so safe if I take it with me.’ ", "So she took her time by the way; and when she overtook her husband she cried out, ‘There, Frederick, there is the door itself, you may watch it as carefully as you please.’ ‘", "Alas! ", "alas!’ ", "said he, ‘what a clever wife I have! ", "I sent you to make the house fast, and you take the door away, so that everybody may go in and out as they please–however, as you have brought the door, you shall carry it about with you for your pains.’ ‘", "Very well,’ answered she, ‘I’ll carry the door; but I’ll not carry the nuts and vinegar bottle also–that would be too much of a load; so if you please, I’ll fasten them to the door.’", "\n\nFrederick of course made no objection to that plan, and they set off into the wood to look for the thieves; but they could not find them: and when it grew dark, they climbed up into a tree to spend the night there. ", "Scarcely were they up, than who should come by but the very rogues they were looking for. ", "They were in truth great rascals, and belonged to that class of people who find things before they are lost; they were tired; so they sat down and made a fire under the very tree where Frederick and Catherine were. ", "Frederick slipped down on the other side, and picked up some stones. ", "Then he climbed up again, and tried to hit the thieves on the head with them: but they only said, ‘It must be near morning, for the wind shakes the fir-apples down.’", "\n\nCatherine, who had the door on her shoulder, began to be very tired; but she thought it was the nuts upon it that were so heavy: so she said softly, ‘Frederick, I must let the nuts go.’ ‘", "No,’ answered he, ‘not now, they will discover us.’ ‘", "I can’t help that: they must go.’ ‘", "Well, then, make haste and throw them down, if you will.’ ", "Then away rattled the nuts down among the boughs and one of the thieves cried, ‘Bless me, it is hailing.’", "\n\nA little while after, Catherine thought the door was still very heavy: so she whispered to Frederick, ‘I must throw the vinegar down.’ ‘", "Pray don’t,’ answered he, ‘it will discover us.’ ‘", "I can’t help that,’ said she, ‘go it must.’ ", "So she poured all the vinegar down; and the thieves said, ‘What a heavy dew there is!’", "\n\nAt last it popped into Catherine’s head that it was the door itself that was so heavy all the time: so she whispered, ‘Frederick, I must throw the door down soon.’ ", "But he begged and prayed her not to do so, for he was sure it would betray them. ‘", "Here goes, however,’ said she: and down went the door with such a clatter upon the thieves, that they cried out ‘Murder!’ ", "and not knowing what was coming, ran away as fast as they could, and left all the gold. ", "So when Frederick and Catherine came down, there they found all their money safe and sound." ]

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[ "Karachi: Agence France-Presse news agency photographer Asif Hassan was shot on Friday while covering anti-Charlie Hebdo in Karachi.", "\n\nThe Pakistani Police on Friday fired water cannon and bullets in the air as they clashed with anti-Charlie Hebdo protesters outside the French consulate in Pakistan`s port city of Karachi.", "\n\nThe protesters belonged to the student wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami religious party, which is holding nationwide rallies against the depiction of the Prophet Muhammad by the French satirical weekly.", "\n\nPakistan's religio-political groups today observed black day to protest against the French satirical magazine..\n\nThe satirical weekly published the contents on Wednesday after an attack on its office in Paris by two gunmen last week in which 12 people were killed.", "\n\nVarious groups and parties had announced yesterday to organise a countrywide protest against the publication after Friday prayers.", "\n\nThe Tehreek Hurmat-i-Rasool, a conglomerate of 20 plus groups, Jamaat-i-Islami, Jamat-ud Dawa, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam-F, Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Sunni Tehreek and Sunni Ittehad Council also announced launching a countrywide protest movement against the publication.", "\n\nThe government has taken security measures to keep the protesters within limits of law but it is feared that these protests can become violent.", "\n\nOn Thursday, a faction of the Taliban denounced the journalists involved in the publishing of cartoons as \"filthy blasphemers\".", "\n\nThe rallies come a day after Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif led Parliament in condemning the reprinting of the cartoons, regarded by many Muslims as offensive, in Charlie Hebdo, whose offices were targeted by attackers last week.", "\n\nAlso on Thursday, nearly 300 people from a little known Pakistani religious group rallied in the eastern city of Lahore, carrying placards of \"Down with Charlie Hebdo\" and a banner demanding that those drawing the prophet's caricatures be hanged. ", "The rally started from a main thoroughfare in the heart of the city and culminated outside the US Consulate. ", "Islam generally forbids depictions of the Prophet Muhammad, and many in Muslim-majority Pakistan view the cartoons as blasphemous.", "\n\nTens of thousands of religious party activists, Friday, are expected to turn out nationwide, including followers of Jamaat-ud-Dawa, the charitable wing of the banned Lashkar-e-Toiba militant group which masterminded attacks on Mumbai in 2008.", "\n\nThe group has come under the spotlight following Pakistan`s pledge to crack down on all militant groups, including those considered friendly to its interests, in the aftermath of a school massacre last month that left 150 people dead.", "\n\nIn addition to rallies by religious parties, lawyers in central Punjab and northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces have vowed to boycott court proceedings to display their displeasure over the sketches.", "\n\nThe magazine this week published a \"survivors\" issue featuring an image of the Prophet Mohammed weeping, which sold out on Wednesday before more copies of an eventual print run of five million hit newsstands in France.", "\n\nSeveral people were killed in Pakistan when religious parties protested against the Innocence of Muslim movie in 2013.", "\n\n(With Agency inputs)" ]

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[ "Emerging functions of autophagy in kidney transplantation.", "\nIn response to ischemic, toxic or immunological insults, the more frequent injuries encountered by the kidney, cells must adapt to maintain vital metabolic functions and avoid cell death. ", "Among the adaptive responses activated, autophagy emerges as an important integrator of various extracellular and intracellular triggers (often related to nutrients availability or immunological stimuli), which, as a consequence,may regulate cell viability, and also immune functions,both innate or adaptive. ", "The aim of this review is to make the synthesis of the recent literature on the implications of autophagy in the kidney transplantation field and to discuss the future directions for research." ]

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[ "UnWrapper GOTD V2 Saves the Latest Giveawayoftheday Setup Files\n\nAlmost everybody who likes to download some free software from time to time knows all about GiveawayOfTheDay. ", "Since 2006 GiveawayOfTheDay has been offering shareware and commercial software to its readers, free of charge. ", "The GiveawayOfTheDay software is rotated once a day and you have 24 hours to download and install, then activate the software on your computer. ", "If you don’t install during that time it’s tough luck because the software is wrapped in their own custom installer which will only allow you to install and activate the software within the one day period.", "\n\nIt does this by checking the GOTD servers online and won’t allow the download if you are trying outside of the 24 hour period. ", "While the software given away might not always be very good, it used to be very easy to download and then save the installer and license information for future use outside of the time limit. ", "The installer used to store itself in the Windows Temp folder and could easily be copied, then you had the real installer ready to use any time you wanted to. ", "But in 2012 there was a controversial change and made saving the installer files very difficult.", "\n\nThe updated 2012 wrapper was based on Themida technology which is similar to what’s used in malicious rootkits. ", "It was done largely to stop users easily grabbing the installer and registration information without installing the software, something which GiveawayOfTheDay don’t like you doing because you’re only supposed to install and activate the program on the day the software is offered.", "\n\nA member called Maximus from the cracking group Revenge Crew saved the day in late 2012 because he released a small tool called Unwrapper GOTD which allowed you to still get hold of installers and license keys from the encrypted .GCD files for future usage. ", "That tool, although good, had a major problem which was it wouldn’t work properly in 64-bit versions of Windows. ", "But yet again, GiveawayOfTheDay made changes to their wrapper in early 2015 which means Unwrapper GOTD version 1 no longer works.", "\n\nAlthough GiveawayOfTheDay isn’t as good as it once was, there are still users who would like to keep some GOTD giveaways if only there was a way around this newer 2015 protection. ", "Thankfully, Maximus has done it again and released Unwrapper GOTD version 2!", "\n\nUnWrapper GOTD v2 weighs in at only 60KB and is just as easy to use as the previous version. ", "Firstly, download the Giveaway of the Day software and extract the downloaded zip file to a folder. ", "There will be a Readme.txt with any related activation links or serial numbers, a Setup.exe and a Setup.gcd. ", "Alternatively you may get a standard setup.exe installer that isn’t wrapped and an Activate.exe that is protected along with its Activate.gcd, this will usually produce a .reg file that needs merging into your registry to activate the software.", "\n\nRun the UnWrapper GOTD v2 executable and it will popup a file requester dialog which will ask you where the extracted Setup.exe or Activate.exe file is (it has an orange icon), simply locate and double click on the file.", "\n\nAfter a few seconds the unwrapper should tell you tell you the original installer or activation registry file has been saved in the same folder as the GOTD executable and files.", "\n\nAny subsequent windows after you’ve seen this box are irrelevant and can be closed or canceled if you don’t want to install the software right now. ", "Go back to the original folder and your new setup installer or registration.reg file should be there. ", "If it is, the old setup.exe and setup.gcd files can be deleted. ", "The text file can be removed only if it doesn’t contain a serial number or registration link etc.", "\n\nUnwrapping Files from an Expired GOTD Giveaway\n\nVersion 2 of Unwrapper GOTD also includes another function which is being able to extract the setup installer or registration file after the 24 hour period expires. ", "This can be useful if you downloaded the giveaway and for whatever reason didn’t connect to the GOTD server within the allotted time.", "\n\nThis is a three step process and requires a separate text file called gotd_keys.txt to be present inside the extracted giveaway’s folder, Unwrapper GOTD runs in offline save mode where it downloads an extraction key to the text file, and then it runs in offline load mode where it uses the key and unwraps the .GCD file. ", "Here’s how to do it:\n\n1. ", "In the extracted giveaway folder, add the text file. ", "Right click > New > Text Document and give it the name gotd_keys.txt. ", "If file extensions are not set to show in Windows simply call it gotd_keys.", "\n\n2. ", "Run Unwrapper GOTD and select the Activate.exe or Setup.exe file. ", "After a few seconds a window will say the unwrapper is running in ‘offline mode – Save’ and a popup will show a request/response key has been saved to the gotd_keys.txt file.", "\n\n3. ", "For a second time run Unwrapper GOTD v2 and select the Activate.exe or Setup.exe again. ", "This time it will show ‘offline mode – Load’ in the title bar and the key will be read to unwrap the files.", "\n\nThis should behave exactly like if you were running the giveaway during the normal one day period, but you aren’t! ", "Note although Unwrapper GOTD 2.01 needed an active internet connection while unwrapping using this method, 2.03 has removed this requirement.", "\n\nAlthough we’ve not had a great deal of time to thoroughly test the program, it so far works fine on a wrapped installer with Activate.exe/Activate.gcd or Setup.exe/Setup.gcd files. ", "It should also work on Game Giveawayoftheday’s just as well. ", "A Youtube video of Unwrapper GOTD v2 created by Maximus showing how it works is available. ", "We will continue to check over the coming days to see if the program works correctly in all possible scenarios.", "\n\nWe’re happy to report this new Unwrapper GOTD v2 works fine on 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8.1 and 10 preview without issue. ", "Unwrapper GOTD v2 requires administrator privileges to work, if the program fails to extract the files properly then temporarily disable your security software.", "\n\nImportant Note: Because Unwrapper GOTD is similar to a hacking or cracking tool it will inevitably get flagged as malicious in a number of antivirus, at places like VirusTotal and in your web browser. ", "We are as sure as we can be the author is acting in good faith and the tool is only trying to extract the GOTD files from what is effectively an installer using DRM. ", "Please bear this in mind and if you are unsure or worried about the program producing the false positives it does, then please don’t download or use Unwrapper GOTD.", "\n\nToday when I tried to use Unwrapper with Orbisoft Task Manager 20|20 it fails with the following error message: “Exception EAccessViolation in module GOTD_setup_2.dll at 000097A8. ", "Access violation at address 002C97A8 in module “GOTD_setup_2.dll”. ", "Read of address 00000000”\n\nIt seems like “GOTD” have changed their tactics again. ", "They are not longer packaging any “activate.exe” or “activate.gcd” files with the download, nor is there a “setup.gcd”, it seems to be contained with the “setup.exe” file. ", "There is also a “readme.txt” file with the download as well. ", "So the “GOTD UnWrapper” no longer works on the “GOTD” files. ", "I have downloaded a number of files and they are all the same way as just described.", "\n\nJust thought I’d give a heads up to everyone. ", "So, now you have to either download and activate the file within the “GOTD” Terms or just not download from them anymore.", "\n\nHi! ", "I’m trying to run the UnWrapper 2.04 with Wine 1.9.21 (Crossover for Mac), but looks like it doesn’t work properly (The file itself is not corrupted because if i use it in a Parallels VM everything works fine):\n\n==========\nNSIS Error\n—–\nInstaller integrity check has failed. ", "Common causes include incomplete download and damaged media. ", "Contact the installer’s author to obtain a new copy.", "\n\nMaximus\nSame as Brent Carey here. ", "When attemping to get older unwrapped files\n“Unable to read a response, maybe the release has already been closed!” ", "is the answer and this is not the first time, especially for games.", "\nOf course all your suggested procedure has been correctly followed.", "\nMaybe we need a different title of “gotd_keys.txt”.", "\nWill you please try yourself the the sofware of yesterday and investigate on possible solutions?", "\nThanks\n\nI have another question: Does it matter how old the GOTD file is, because I am getting this error now, when trying to use Unwrapper v2.04: “Unable to read a response, maybe the release has already been closed!”? ", "And no security software is interfering with the execution of Unwrapper, as I have more than quadrupled checked that. ", "This is a very strange issue!! ", "Thanks!!", "\n\nHmmmm……I think “Giveawayoftheday” may have changed their packaging again. ", "The file I just downloaded today (7-28-2016) had only two files in it: “setup.msi” and “readme.txt”, being the setup file is in .msi format the UnWrapper GOTD V2 will not work on it. ", "Looks like: “activate.exe”; “activate.gcd”; “setup.exe”; “setup.gcd” have gone away.", "\n\nI believe there’s a bug in UnWrapper GOTD V2.04\nOccasionally, UnWrapper_GOTD crashed with the App Error MSG: ‘Exception EAccessViolation in module GOTD_setup_2.dll at…’ due to unhandled exception that occurred in the GOTD setup file (Setup.exe).", "\n\nAs such, UnWrapper_GOTD fails to unwrap the exe file with either Online activation or Offline method(gotd_keys.txt) on Win7 & WinXP. ", "If gotd_keys.txt exists, the same App error still persists but then UnWrapper_GOTD launches the installer file & exits, just like Unlimited_GOTD.", "\n\nBTW, Unlimited GOTD v1.01 still works perfectly for this type of GOTD setup file with Online activation & Offline method.", "\n\nToday is December 30th. ", "I downloaded yesterdays GOTD offer and it has now expired, Burnaware Premium 8.7.", "\nI followed the instructions given in the article by downloading UnWrapper GOTD v2,\n\n1. ", "created an empty folder called “New Folder”\n2. ", "extracted the Burnaware Premium 8.7 zip file contents into that ‘New Folder’\n3. ", "added gotd_keys.txt file into the ‘New Folder’\n4. ", "I ran UnWrapper_GOTD_v2.04.exe and it first added a key to the text file\n5. ", "UnWrapper_GOTD_v2.04.exe asked me to run it again and it extracted the Burnaware Premium.exe installation file.", "\n6. ", "I ran the installation file and installed the software..\n7. ", "I entered the key from the gotd_keys.txt file and it was registered.", "\n\nFor those saying it doesn’t work, it does. ", "Perhaps you are not following the instructions correctly. ", "I was having the same problems as a lot of people here until I forgot to add the gotd_keys.txt file into the folder where all the other files are. ", "When I did that, it worked as explained in the instructions given above..\n\nNot working for me – I have tried v2.04 a on a few of the most recent give away’s. ", "I keep getting the message “The setup files are corrupted. ", "Please obtain a new copy of the program.” – ", "Anybody else receiving this message??", "\n\nCan anybody tell me what or how does someone unwrap a program like the September 10, FolderIco v4.0, where the contents of the downloaded zip file [FolderIco40-c8m7qgh dot zip] is Activate.exe, Activate.gcd, ReadMe.txt.", "\n\nBefore mid-March 2015 when the old unwrapper could handle BOTH File Types “Setup.exe” as well as “Activate.exe” and in the case of “Activate.exe” the result was normally an Unwrapped file titled “Registration.reg”. .", "\n\nIn the case of yesterdays program I failed when I tried to use Unwrapper v2.04 as the unwrapper couldn’t see Setup.exe and Setup.gcd, so I tried renaming Activate.exe & Activate.gcd to Setup.exe and Setup.gcd and then attempted to use Unwrapper v2.04 but that didn’t unwrap a registration.reg or anything of the sort\n\nHi. ", "Thank you all so much for all your work, in first and expecially to Maximus for the unwrapper, Raymond and Hal9000 for having this article and place to speak with Maximus, Argivwy for the unwrappers, and also to few commenters like Nick and all the other that post here their isues with the unwrappers.", "\n\nI would like to inform Maximus that the Russian version of “ZonerPhotoStudio16Pro_RU” could not be unwrapped. ", "Sometimes, some developers/vendors post different language versions, of only few software, on the GOTD sub-websites, like the DE, FR, RU sub-websites.", "\n\nPS: The error “looks-like” the “same” error with vesrion 1.0 of the UnWrapper. ", "If you need the original RU files form GOTD I could share it with you for …possible testing…?", "\n\nThank you again! :)", "\nI appreciate all your work and it is making, at least me, happy! :)", "\nI hope you all are happy too. :)", "\n\nThe main difference between the 2 is UnWrapper GOTD saves the installer or license file for future use outside of the time limit. ", "Unlimited GOTD only launch the application for installation.", "\n\nOffline operation:\nFor both programs to work every time without internet connection, file gotd-keys.txt is required. ", "These 2 tools first check for the presence of file gotd-keys.txt then perform offline activation with ‘Activating [offline mode – Load]’ displayed on the title bar of GOTD Wrapper.", "\n\nEg: rghost.net/8RK2XmtnT\nTest Unlimited GOTD on Setup.exe here to see the Registration data on popup dialog ‘Successfully activated’ even without the original file Readme.txt!", "\n\nOnline mode:\nIf file gotd-keys.txt is not found (Offline mode not possible), then both tools will contact GOTD activation server to check giveaway availability. ", "Online activation is the fail-safe method to activate & unwrap GOTD wrapper but must be done within Active giveaway time.", "\n\nUnlimited GOTD automatically outputs file gotd-keys.txt in file DIR, fills it with request/response data from GOTD. ", "It then loads the program (Install only).", "\nUnwrapper GOTD only saves the unwrapped archive to file DIR by default, unless user manually creates an empty file gotd-keys.txt in file DIR 1st before executing Unwrapper GOTD on GOTD wrapper. ", "After this, the decrypted archive is unpacked to file DIR as usual.", "\n\nConclusion: To Extract/Load gcd file offline anytime with 100% success, then activate program & retrieve the file gotd-keys.txt prior to giveaway expiration! ", "Keep the file gotd-keys.txt handy to get installers and license file from the encrypted .gcd files in the future.", "\n\nRegarding the Unlimited “gotd-keys.txt” files, I assume that these KEY files are the same for everybody for any particular days release.", "\n\n… If that is correct … with lots of people trying to download keys for 5 months of releases, that could result in an increase of network traffic that the GOTD Administrators may notice. ", "So …\n\nQuestion: To avoid any suspicious increase in GotD Traffic, has anybody yet got a complete set of the “gotd-keys.txt” going back to March 2015 that they could archive/zipped/RaR’ed and post somewhere? (", "so that other users could just use the key, without arousing GotD’s suspicions)\n\nWHiCH REMiNDS ME:\n\n************************************************************\nMAXiMUS … you sure are some type of genius to come up with both of these activators, which get around the suffix that GotD put on each days release. ", "I bow down to your ingenuity.", "\n************************************************************\n\nThe tools provided are indeed only intended to retrieve the setup file and the reg file. ", "Therefore it does not affect the limited time offers or the hardware bound offers … We just allow you through these tools to install the software later with a licence provided under the software authors conditions. ", "You have to find a way to keep it if you can, but sometimes you cannot !", "\n\nHi Maximus,\nI used ver 1 (thank you very much), successfully until GAOTD broke it.", "\nJust found ver 2 and was looking forward to repeating the experience.", "\nHowever, it’s not working for me for either previous or current DLs:\nFor previous GAOTD DLs, I get the (unwrapper?) ", "dialog window:\n“It’s not Setup file from Giveaway of the Day!” & ", "exits\n[Empty “gotd_keys.txt” created in setup.exe folder]\nFor today’s DL (08-08), it starts out OK with the GAOTD “Activating…” window\nbut then fails with (GAOTD?): “", "Failed to connect. ", "Please try again later.”", "\nUnwrapper (and even the setup.exe itself) are on the Firewall exception list\n\n“Failed to connect. ", "Please try again later.” – ", "Check you internet connection and tray again\n“It’s not Setup file from Giveaway of the Day!” – ", "Select a setup.", "EXE (or Activate.", "EXE) of GOTD.", "\nPicture for example:\nrghost.net/8hzvRtYWw/image.png\n\nHas anyone successfully used this in Windows 10 final release? ", "I have tried it and it goes through the motions but never actually delivers the unwrapped software. ", "I used the same steps as I did in Windows 7 HP x64. ", "I was successful in Win 7 but have yet to be successful in Win Pro x64. ", "Thanks for any help.", "\n\nGreat invention, Cudos to Maximus & Revenge Crew. ", "I have waited for this updated for so long that i have missed a lot of software due to system upgrade or formatting. ", "Kindly keep us updated in future of upgrade.", "\nThanks to Gurus!!!", "\n\nJust a comment about your article V2.01 of the unwrapper does not do that anymore : “Any subsequent windows after you’ve seen this box are irrelevant and can be closed or canceled if you don’t want to install the software right now.”", "\n\nYou peeps are aware VirusTotal throws quite a bit of flags on v2.01? ", "Might well be false positives but it doesn’t give you a warm fuzzy feeling. ", "And wouldn’t it be a good idea to post SHA1/MD5 hashes of tried and tested downloads so people can verify they have downloaded the same version and not one that in the mean time has been tampered with?", "\n\nOf course a tool like this will throw up false positives, it is in effect a hacking tool so it’s bound to. ", "You also have to look at the VT results, most of those flagging the unwrapper as malicious are saying ‘Generic’ or ‘possible’ which means they don’t really know if the program is malicious and are just making a guess.", "\n\nIf people use the link provided in the article they will get the version uploaded by the creator himself. ", "If they want to use links other than what we provide, that’s up to them.", "\n\nUnfortunately sites get hacked every day so there’s always the possibility a file gets tampered with after it has been uploaded by no matter who. ", "Why would one not post hashes? ", "Two security measures are surely better than one.", "\n\nVersion one of this tool only gives two ‘positives’ on VT. ", "Sure V2 must work differently because Themida has been changed. ", "The difference in positives is rather big though. ", "Big enough to bring me to a higher lever of caution.", "\n\nIf Maximus makes a change to the unwrapper our checksums are out of date, and then other people get nervous because they don’t match. ", "The same goes for the thousands of other downloads we link to, it can be worse to checksum files which are out of date and have been legitimately changed.", "\n\nIf you don’t like the amount of hits in VirusTotal or it makes you uneasy, don’t use the program, as you know it’s a borderline hacking/cracking tool and inevitably it will always be flagged as malicious.", "\n\nHey all, you have probably seeen my comments on Maximus video… The version 2.01 is the last proper one.", "\nWhat raymond hass not said is that you have an offline mode !", "\nJust create a gotd_keys.txt file where ou extracted your giveaway, therefore you will be able to relaunch the gotd install later through the unwrapper.", "\n\nAs I said below, I got the impression the feature had not been fully implemented so waited until I found out more about it. ", "Now I know it works and how it works, the feature will be added to the article soon. :)", "\n\nNow, it’s getting very interesting. ", "My experiment goes like this. ", "You create 0 byte txt file as gotd_keys.txt in the GOTD program extacted directory. ", "Then you run famous Maximus’s unwrapper program. ", "Program executes normally and extract core file and the same time, it writes the info in the blank gotd_keys.txt for later offline recovery. ", "Windows notepad program is able to create 0 byte txt file. ", "Very well done and much impressed. ", "Best regards,\n\nDear Maximus, HAL9000 and Raymond.cc\nIt’s the best news we’ve had in a long time. ", "I myself confirm this unwrapper works under Windows 2012 x64 and Windows 7 x32. ", "Architecture of Maximus’s work is great that it only extracts a core file without giving a browser nagging pop up afterwards. ", "It appears for those XP users have to have at least one more upper version Windows installed PC side by side to use this unwrapper. ", "BTW, GOTD software mentioned in the above article by HALGooo – extracted reg works only with the included setup.exe not with the software directly downloaded from vender’s site. ", "Another word, it’s a special release for GOTD only version. ", "I’m so glad that I kept my eyes on this site. ", "Thanks and regards,\n\nThank you for the nice words, and for confirming it works on an OS we haven’t tried like Windows 2012.", "\n\nWhen you get an activate.exe instead of a setup.exe, the unwrapped setup installer will sometimes be the same as the vendor’s own installer from the official website, but quite often it isn’t. ", "It’s usually a case of try and see.", "\n\nSince it is no more possible to save the giveaways for later use, I´ve finally lost the last interest for Giveaway Of The Day. ", "No real drawback cause most giveaways are endless repetitions and seldom are useful for me. ", "Meanwhile there is enough freeware that does the job equal or better, so why should one make the efford to work around?", "\n\nI tend to agree, the majority of the giveaways there have been very poor for a long time now, with only the odd thing of any use popping up occasionally. ", "The same apps or even better alternatives are often given away at other places anyway.", "\n\nYou are right HAL9000.", "\nWe may easily understand why someone would put a security system in order to protect his precious values, but it is not understandable why someone would do it in order to protect his garbages…\n\nIt appears Revenge Crew not likely anytime soon release a new version of unwrapper.", "\n\n* Basics\nI use Sandboxie program to evaluate the software. ", "After the evaluation, you can simply erase the contents of Sandboxie internal box. ", "No mess for your existing registry.", "\n\n1. ", "In my experience, more than 70% of the time, wrapped softwareis identical with the one you can download the original software house site. ", "You do not have to unwrap the software if that is the case.", "\n\n2. ", "About 25% of the time, Software House releases GOTD exclusive version of the software. ", "If that is the case, download the software from the vender. ", "Install it within Sandboxie. ", "If the give GOTD key does not work, simply overwrite the program with GOTD wrapped version. ", "If it can be activated, simply copy the entire directory for your safe keeping.", "\n\nIf you would like to evaluate the software again, simply install downloaded version (from the Software vender) and overwrite all the files from the saved GOTD version directory. ", "More than 90% of the time, you can activate it again.", "\n\n3. ", "About 5% of the time, software activation is time limited. ", "Even if you have unwrapper, you cannot activate it later dates. (", "For example some software coming from Leawo) Trust me, they are not worth it.", "\n\n4. ", "Another type of software you walk way is those you cannot run under Sandboxie. ", "It usually use exclusive drivers etc. ", "Trust me, they are not worth it, either..\n\nLet me just add that you may also try any software on a “service” partition : just make a clone of your OS and boot into it to test any software you are not sure to keep. ", "This way, the softwares that doesn’t work under Sandboxie, which are the softwares who try to install drivers, these softwares you will be able to install them without any problem. ", "You may destroy this clone at any moment by doing another new clone over it. ", "For this, you may use a free software like AOMEI Backupper.", "\n\nTo help you with the management of the boot menu, just use a free software like EasyBCD.", "\n\nSometimes the key of the software is stocked into a file inside the installation folder and that is why your way of keeping the content of this folder inside Sandboxie works well.", "\n\nSometimes, in fact very often, the key is stocked in a registry key. ", "To know exactly where the key is stocked in the registry, you may use a free software like RegShot or a shareware like Total Uninstall and make a snapshot of all what have been changed in the OS with the installation of any software.", "\n\nIt might be useful for somebody who really needs an unwrapper to contact the people at argivwy.net, they also created a tool to unwrap GOTD installers, but we never got around to fully testing it before it broke with this wrapper update as well.", "\n\nI’ve tried to contact Maximus (and Revenge crue at all)- the email doesn’t arrive- Mailer Deamon said- could not reach the server and blah, blah, blah…\nUnfortunatelly- they have only one email, and it doesn’t work…\n\nProbably not, I wouldn’t get my hopes up too much waiting for an update either. ", "After the first Unwrapper release, the tool was never touched again and never worked on 64-bit Windows too well. ", "This seems like just a one time release from maximus just to see if he could do it.", "\n\nAnybody is welcome to try and find his contact details on the internet and ask though….", "\n\nThe unwrapper 1.0 can not unwrap the latest 3 or 4 Giveaways. ", "It looks like Gaotd has changed their packaging, most likely it is the Themida protection that has changed. ", "Typical paranoia. ", "It makes not much sense.", "\n\nOn the 14th March 2015 GaOTD started to add a 7 Character suffix onto each *.ZiP file for example “AthTekDigiBand18-lk9d43.zip” whereas previously You would have expected to download the following AthTekDigiBand18.zip\n\nOn the 20th March 2015 for Privacy Drive 2.10 “PrivacyDrive210-gh36dv.zip” the unwrapper would no longer unwrap the file no matter what alterations to the Zip File or its extracted contents the USER may have made (for example removing the 7 character suffix to just PrivacyDrive210.zip)\n\nObviously the last 6 of the 7 characters in total is meant to change on a day to day basis, which presumably changes the location of the files back on the GOTD servers and once you have clicked on the unwrapper and told it where the Setup file is within a second or so a Small Window appears an your screen which reads:\n\n“Giveaway of the Day has stopped working”\n\nIf you then look further down to the bottom left corner of this small window, You’ll find a small circular button with a wide “V” on the button with these words just to the right of it “View problem details” and and once the button is clicked, the following set of details (for today’s release 2015-03-23 “HardDriveInspectorForNotebooks430-gj83f1.zip”) is displayed:\n\nGiven the short time period it takes for the “Giveaway of the Day has stopped working” window to appear it seems safe to say that the online activation procedure is not occurring – but that observations is based on the behaviour of previously working file activations\n\nHOPEFULLY, based on the good work of the unwrapper’s developer “Maximus”, they will be told that GiveawayOfTheDay has changed their methods and Maximus will be able to make changes to his version 1.0 unwrapper, so that a new improved version of the unwrapper again works properly with the GOTD file downloads.", "\n\nHey all, a working unwrapper is now released on the website. ", "It is still a beta. ", "But it works under 32 & 64 bits systems. ", "The functionnalities are the same as the one described at the top. ", "Hope you will enjoy it\n\nI used it on both wrappers, GGOTD use the same wrapper, well at least it worked for me on both the same way. ", "GGOTD and GOTD are twin sites just one for games and the other for apps.", "\n\nArgivwy4 years ago\n\nI am currently developing a new tool to extract the setup w/ or without an internet access and on the offer date or not to sum up ! (", "No activate yet understood how it works). ", "Hoping you will enjoy it !", "\n\nYou’re right, it does. ", "Good thing is the setup installer is still saved in the Windows TEMP folder so you can just go there and get it, was in this folder for me:\nC:\\Users\\[user]\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\{9A56222E-8173-47B8-9DD3-DEBB2335A95E}\n\nHello HAL9000. ", "I’m back with the information that the unwrapper is not working anymore with the file ‘Activate.exe’ to extract the file ‘Registration.reg’. ", "Today on GOTD is a new giveaway that has such an activation file and I got again the following error:\n—————————\nÎřčáęŕ…\n—————————\nÍĺ óäŕëîńü íŕéňč ńčăíŕňóđó!", "\n—————————\nOK\n—————————\nHere is the link: giveawayoftheday.com/webcam-motion-detector-1-8/\nIf you have time to check for a newer version, if exists, whenever is convenient for you, I will be so happy (and not just me, for sure) to read here the good news. ", "I am asking this again, here, because I did search for my self on internet, but I could not find the original post by the creator of the unwrapper, or a website that keep’s the track of its development. ", "Maybe you have better means to find such info than me, and probably most of us. ", "Thank you again, for having such a useful website and forum.", "\nAll my best thoughts,\nVal.", "\n\nHi again idlucky, I’ve just tried todays giveaway for Webcam Motion Detector 1.8 and the Unwrapper tool got the Registration.reg for me fine out of the Activate.exe. ", "Worked for me in XP, Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 BUT only in the 32-bit versions. ", "The Unwrapper tool has always been a bit inconsistent on a 64-bit Windows, sometimes it’ll work, sometimes it won’t.", "\n\nSadly this tool has never had an official webpage as it seemed to be more of a little side project for one of the Revenge Crew members. ", "We originally found it on the GOTD Setup Keeper webpage which has now gone. ", "This tool does still work for me just about every time if you use a 32-bit Windows and you run the Unwrapper tool as admin.", "\n\nThank you so much HAL9000 for your help. ", "It happen to me to get the same error on both Win7x32 (with ‘run as admin’) and WinXPx32(regular admin user). ", "The WinXP is a fresh full-installment on a clean HDD with no ‘strange'(cracks) programs installed.", "\n\nIf I wasn’t so sure that it wasn’t an actual problem with my computers, I would not have trouble you at all. ", "So sorry to bother you. ", "Anyway, there are some good news with your answer: Everybody could read that the Unwrapper is working fine until this date, and if something is wrong, must be in their computers even if they do not know it.", "\n\nNow I have to find out how come I get that ‘impossible to translate’ error on 2 good working computers with no other error window ever having … and I do not have a place to start to…\n\nThank You! ", "again for your help. ", "You are of so much help with your website and forum and with testing again the Unwrapper.", "\nWith good appreciation,\nVal.", "\n\nHi. ", "Great and useful website. ", "I am reading it for years. ", "I wold like to inform you that the UnWrapper does not work anymore on the file Activation.exe to generate a Registration.reg. ", "It gives an error that I could not find a translation on the web. ", "I use Win7U and WinXP and it is happening the same on both systems.", "\n\nI could not find on the web the original article/thread made by the coder, so, if you can find and updated version of the UnWrapper, please let us know.", "\n\nJust tried it on the latest GOTD and it still works fine (Windmill s/saver).", "\n\nUnwrapper GOTD is a year old now (created 07/12/2013) but was never an official release by Revenge Crew and more of a side project by one of its members. ", "That’s why there is no information about it other than found on websites like this.", "\n\nHello HAL9000. ", "Thank you so much for your reply. ", "Yes, on Setup.exe still works. ", "I am so happy about that. ", "The last software giveaway that contained an Activate.exe file was given on 03.12.2013 and it was called “Hard Drive Inspector for Notebooks 420”. ", "That day, at the time I was thinking to write here a comment, I was to busy, and after that I forgot, until yesterday when I remembered that I still din not do it – write here a comment, about that.", "\n\nI will write here again, when the giveaway software will contain an Activate.exe in their zip setup, to test it for your self and maybe you can help with a confirmation of to infirm my received errors.", "\n\nHi. ", "So sorry to post here so late but just right now I had time to check the giveaway websites. ", "The iResizer zip archive containes an Activate.exe file.", "\nThe UnWrapper gave again the same error. ", "I could not find a translation to understand it :(\n—————————\nÎřčáęŕ…\n—————————\nÍĺ óäŕëîńü íŕéňč ńčăíŕňóđó!", "\n—————————\nOK\n—————————\n\nI hope this eror is happening just to me, but you never know :(\n\nAll my best. :)", "\n\nJay6 years ago\n\nIs “UnWrapper GOTD” no longer available from Revenge Crew? ", "I don’t see it listed in their Archive. :(", "\n\nThe Glarysoft giveaway is even easier to get hold of than the old GOATD used to be before they changed to this crappy new one…\n\nSimply run the installer and after it’s checked with the Glary server and the real installer starts, don’t cancel it and go to your temp folder (Win+R, type %temp%) and there’s a nicely named Glarysoft folder with the real installer inside.", "\n\nNot working for me on Win 7 64-bit. ", "Getting an otherwise indecipherable error message that refers to VirtualProtect. ", "Has anyone else had a similar problem, or have any ideas on how to solve it? ", "This would be very useful if I could get it to work. ", "Many thanks.", "\n\nThis is for those of you having problems activating the original GOTD setup.exe file with the GOTD UnWrapper.exe. ", "It may be due to a missing DLL file installed by the UnWrapper. ", "This is how I was able to find and fix it.", "\n\nI attempted to use this new GOTD Unwrapper on today’s GOTD giveaway, downloading the software zip and the unwrapper.zip into their own folders. ", "I followed your excellent directions, then waited for the activation process, but nothing happened except for an error window written in an undecipherable language. ", "Though, it did mention “setup.exe” and “.dll”, so I figured it hadn’t worked due to a possible missing DLL file. ", "I did note that when I had clicked onto the UnWrapper.exe file that a warning popped up about the installation of a DLL file. ", "I then opened my trusty Agent Ransack and searched for an installed Dll file within the a recent time frame. ", "I found one file in the temporary files, “GOTD_mydll_1.dll”, copied it into both the GOTD folder and into the UnWrapper folder. ", "I then re-clicked onto the UnWrapper.exe file, followed your directions, and the GOTD software was not only activated, but the new EXE file in the name of the software was there. ", "YEAH! ", "So I deleted the original setup.exe and setup.gcd. ", "Thank you Raymond for this software and good luck to you and your website.", "\n\nGreat post HAL but Activate.exe has no fix,at least photo toolbox reg file could not be had anywhere.", "Can you plz confirm.", "I am dead sure.", "But activate.exe has a trademark.", "They leave clear serial etc via HKCU-software or sometimes HKLM-software.", "You can use reg directly or copy paste serial by opening in notepad.", "\n\nI too can confirm after trying it yesterday that running the tool on Activate.exe does work. ", "As you say Hal, testing with Photo Toolbox produces a Registration.reg file in the folder with the ‘activation details’ inside.", "\nSubsequently, running Photo Toolbox setup.exe produced a ‘registered version’ of Photo Toolbox.", "\nAs this was just a test, I then uninstalled Photo Toolbox, and waited to try re-installing today, outside the giveaway period.", "\n\nToday, by the way, running the unwrapper tool on Activate.exe produces a ‘giveaway over’ message, ( but of course I kept yesterday’s results safe).", "\nRunning Photo Toolbox setup.exe today produced a ‘trial version’ of Photo Toolbox.", "\n\nPlease excuse my innocence but, how do I use the Registration.reg file with the ‘activation details’ inside to register the program? ", "Has anyone succeeded in this?", "\n\nOnce you uninstall Photo Toolbox, it removes its serial number from the registry, and when you install it again, you have to import the information held in the reg file back into the registry.", "\n\nA .reg file from GAOTD simply inserts the serial/username into the registry, double click on it and then click Yes. ", "You can do this before or after installing the program. ", "I just tried it again and Photo Toolbox registers fine, even though we’re now several hours after the giveaway expired…\n\nMany thanks for the quick reply, I’ve now sorted it .", "\nI did re-enter the reg info (and checked with regedit), but after re-installing the program, and for me it didn’t work (XPsp3).", "\nI have just now un-installed again, then run the .reg file first (and checked it), then re-installed the program, and this time when it launched it came up ‘registered’, so for me that’s the order to do it.", "\nThanks for prompting me to try again in a different order!", "\nKeep up the excellent work, to you and all Raymond’s helpers.", "\n\nI’m getting an error dialog box after clicking on Setup.exe from the file requester dialog. ", "I don’t have the title UnWrapping by Maximus // Revenge Crew… as suggested in the screenshots above but rather wording that looks like Arabic alphabet. ", "And Arabic lettering in the error pop up box that ends with Giveaway of the Day! ", "Any suggestions for a fix? ", "I’m just trying to open today’s giveaway, ‘PhotoToolbox’.", "\n\nDid you try to run it without using the Unwrapper tool to see if there was an error? ", "It’s possible your security software may have blocked GAOTD and don’t forget an internet connection is needed. ", "Also if you’re not the administrator, try to run the tool as admin.", "\n\nTo all that have same annoyance like Richard (and that I had…):\n. ", "When such happen the reason is that the “Setup.exe” file is in fact the installer… [there aren’t any wrapper here…].", "\nYou need to run “Activate.exe” file only! [", "and see what it does e.g. in Registry, to allow you to install later with registration].", "\n\nC://Users//username//AppData//Local//Temp//Glarysoft (on Vista) should get you to the extracted setup file. ", "Just download the Glarysoft folder, unzip it, click on the ‘setup file’ When it starts go to your hard drive (in my case ‘C’, and run down the sequence. ", "No promises, but it should work- it did work on GOTD before they started using a rootkit derivative as security,and Glary appears to be using their former system" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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0.000677194562740624, 0.0010734356474131346, 0.0006483124452643096 ]

[ "Liquid Biopsy Analysis of FGFR3 and PIK3CA Hotspot Mutations for Disease Surveillance in Bladder Cancer.", "\nDisease surveillance in patients with bladder cancer is important for early diagnosis of progression and metastasis and for optimised treatment. ", "To develop urine and plasma assays for disease surveillance for patients with FGFR3 and PIK3CA tumour mutations. ", "Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assays were developed and tumour DNA from two patient cohorts was screened for FGFR3 and PIK3CA hotspot mutations. ", "One cohort included 363 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). ", "The other cohort included 468 patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (Cx). ", "Urine supernatants (NMIBC n=216, Cx n=27) and plasma samples (NMIBC n=39, Cx n=27) from patients harbouring mutations were subsequently screened using ddPCR assays. ", "Progression-free survival, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival were measured. ", "Fisher's exact test, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Cox regression analysis were applied. ", "In total, 36% of the NMIBC patients (129/363) and 11% of the Cx patients (44/403) harboured at least one FGFR3 or PIK3CA mutation. ", "Screening of DNA from serial urine supernatants from the NMIBC cohort revealed that high levels of tumour DNA (tDNA) were associated with later disease progression in NMIBC (p=0.003). ", "Furthermore, high levels of tDNA in plasma samples were associated with recurrence in the Cx cohort (p=0.016). ", "A positive correlation between tDNA levels in urine and plasma was observed (correlation coefficient 0.6). ", "The retrospective study design and low volumes of plasma available for analysis were limitations of the study. ", "Increased levels of FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutated DNA in urine and plasma are indicative of later progression and metastasis in bladder cancer. ", "Urine and plasma from patients with bladder cancer may be monitored for diagnosis of progression and metastasis using mutation assays." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0012284115655347705, 0.0007678483962081373, 0.0014979864936321974, 0.0006882406887598336, 0.0009270593873225152, 0.0010453828144818544, 0.0007101805531419814, 0.0006009850185364485, 0.0006706253043375909, 0.0006487543578259647, 0.0007021363126114011, 0.0006370959454216063, 0.0006734327762387693, 0.0005981512367725372, 0.00329769984818995, 0.002124193822965026 ]

[ "Q:\n\nngrx - effects chaining with error handling : fetch data from second api if first api fetch was successful\n\nI saw some of the SO answers, and this medium post as well, but these still don't solve my current problem.", "\nScenario:\n\nAdd a product.", "\nIf successful, get list of all products.", "\n\nEach of these two cases can have errors: \n\nBusiness Errors, containing business specific error messages\nNetwork errors, generic stuff like 40x error codes etc\n\nCurrently, i have the effect that will use a service to add a product, and dispatch an action based on the success of failure of the operation. ", "This will update the store with the currentProduct being set to the added product.", "\n @Effect()\n addProduct$: Observable<Action> = this.actions$.pipe(\n ofType(AddProductAction),\n map((action: AddProductAction) => action.payload),\n switchMap((ProductToAdd: Product) =>\n this.productService.addProduct(ProductToAdd).pipe(\n map(response => {\n if (this.responseContainsBusinessError(response)) {\n return new AddProductBusinessError(response);\n } else { // no business error\n return new AddProductSuccess(response);\n }\n }),\n catchError(err => of(new AddProductFail(err))) // network/http error etc\n )\n )\n );\n\nCan someone please show how to change this code so that i can add the second effect/api call to fetch the list of products from the server ?", "\n\nA:\n\nJust add another @Effect which will trigger on AddProductSuccess.", "\n@Effect()\n listAllProducts$: Observable<Action> = this.actions$.pipe(\n ofType(AddProductSuccess),\n ....\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006455674883909523, 0.000637130462564528, 0.000912724994122982, 0.0007714821258559823, 0.0006606451352126896, 0.0012882297160103917, 0.0012711574090644717, 0.001393815502524376 ]

[ "What is the third biggest value in 2.43, -2, 5/2, 2/21?", "\n2/21\nWhat is the second biggest value in 0.4, 2, -42, 6?", "\n2\nWhat is the smallest value in 1/3, -5, 9, -0.3?", "\n-5\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -4 (b) -0.4 (c) 3\na\nWhat is the fifth smallest value in -2/11, 0.3, -0.1, -3/4, 0.5?", "\n0.5\nWhat is the second smallest value in -0.5, 17, 4, -2, -2/15?", "\n-0.5\nWhat is the second smallest value in -4, 0.1, -91?", "\n-4\nWhat is the smallest value in 5, 2/9, 380/7?", "\n2/9\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) 3 (b) -7/22 (c) -0.1\na\nWhat is the biggest value in 5, 3, -36/7?", "\n5\nWhich is the fourth biggest value? ", " (a) -1 (b) 0.2 (c) 178 (d) 1/6\na\nWhat is the fifth smallest value in 4, 0, -3, 3/2, -28?", "\n4\nWhich is the fourth biggest value? ", " (a) -8 (b) 3/2 (c) -25 (d) 2\nc\nWhich is the fourth biggest value? ", " (a) -1 (b) 0 (c) -0.4 (d) 1/6\na\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) -2/15 (b) -0.2 (c) 0\na\nWhat is the biggest value in 5, 2, 1/3?", "\n5\nWhat is the fourth biggest value in -1/5, -2/11, -3, -10, 0.11?", "\n-3\nWhat is the fourth biggest value in -0.07, -2/5, 4, 6/11, -7?", "\n-2/5\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) -5 (b) -11/17 (c) 0.5\nb\nWhat is the fourth biggest value in 18, 1, -2, -3, 2/11?", "\n-2\nWhich is the fifth biggest value? ", " (a) -5 (b) 0 (c) -0.8 (d) 48/5 (e) 0.2\na\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 2 (b) -0.4 (c) 1 (d) 19/101\nd\nWhat is the second biggest value in 0.3, -2/11, 3, -0.835, -2/5?", "\n0.3\nWhat is the third smallest value in -2/7, 1/10, 2?", "\n2\nWhich is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) 0.05 (b) 7 (c) -0.07 (d) 3/4\nb\nWhat is the second smallest value in 0.07, 5, -4, -5?", "\n-4\nWhat is the third smallest value in -553, -0.4, -6/11?", "\n-0.4\nWhat is the biggest value in 3, -2, 129?", "\n129\nWhat is the second smallest value in -2, -4, -285, -3/8?", "\n-4\nWhat is the biggest value in -0.4, -2/7, 2/11, 1.6?", "\n1.6\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) 0.3 (b) -16 (c) 2 (d) 3 (e) -3\ne\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) -3 (b) -5 (c) -2/311\nc\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) -5 (b) -0.2 (c) 40 (d) -2\nb\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) -0.04 (b) 1/4 (c) -5 (d) 0.03\nd\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) 0.4 (b) 3 (c) -0.08 (d) 0.03 (e) 4\na\nWhich is the fifth biggest value? ", " (a) 2 (b) -1 (c) 0.1 (d) 0 (e) -0.03\nb\nWhat is the smallest value in -2/5, -727, -2?", "\n-727\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) 5/4 (b) -1.33 (c) 0.3\nc\nWhat is the fourth biggest value in -0.39, -2, -3/7, -17?", "\n-17\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) 2/5 (b) 5 (c) 17 (d) 8\nd\nWhat is the third smallest value in 0, -2, 0.2, 0.18?", "\n0.18\nWhat is the third smallest value in 0.48, -3, 0.4, -0.4?", "\n0.4\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) 1 (b) 63 (c) 0.1 (d) -2 (e) -2/3\ne\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) 0.1 (b) 0 (c) -4\nb\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) -0.066 (b) 0.1 (c) 2 (d) -5\nb\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) -18 (b) 5 (c) 5/3\na\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) -90/13 (b) -1/6 (c) 2/27\nb\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) 0 (b) -1/3 (c) -5 (d) -0.3 (e) -3/5\nd\nWhat is the third smallest value in -0.09, 1, 8/3, -2/23, 3?", "\n1\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) 3 (b) -12/47 (c) -43\na\nWhat is the second biggest value in -38, -12, 0, -1?", "\n-1\nWhat is the second smallest value in -0.5, 0.5, -9/2, 0?", "\n-0.5\nWhat is the biggest value in -1/3, -5, 2, -50?", "\n2\nWhat is the third biggest value in -4, -3, -0.2, 0.04?", "\n-3\nWhich is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) 17/3 (b) 3 (c) -1 (d) 2/7\na\nWhat is the smallest value in 4/3, -2, -5, 0.14?", "\n-5\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) -2/9 (b) -5 (c) 0.2 (d) -1/6\nb\nWhat is the third biggest value in 0.1, 9, 1/5, 2?", "\n1/5\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) 0.6 (b) 0.3 (c) -1/4 (d) 0.4 (e) -1\ne\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) -20/41 (b) 0 (c) 2/9\nc\nWhat is the fourth biggest value in -0.1, 7/4, 4, 0?", "\n-0.1\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) 24/5 (b) -4 (c) 4\nc\nWhat is the biggest value in -4, -2/7, -3, -2?", "\n-2/7\nWhat is the second smallest value in 2/5, 1/4, 40, 8?", "\n2/5\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) -4 (b) 0.9 (c) 5\nb\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -0.1 (b) 1 (c) -0.045\na\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -3/2882 (b) 4 (c) -2\nc\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) 2/5 (b) -4 (c) -1\nc\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) 7 (b) -1 (c) 5 (d) 28\nd\nWhat is the second smallest value in 11.9, -26, -2, 2/7, 5?", "\n-2\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 11 (b) -4 (c) -2/17 (d) -2\nd\nWhat is the fourth biggest value in 4/5, -0.5, -0.05, -1/3?", "\n-0.5\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) 1 (b) -241/3 (c) -4 (d) -0.5\nd\nWhat is the third biggest value in -0.05, -0.5, 2?", "\n-0.5\nWhat is the smallest value in -7.3, -0.1, 1, -3, 0?", "\n-7.3\nWhat is the biggest value in -74, 5/2, -0.3, 0.4?", "\n5/2\nWhat is the fifth biggest value in 0.5, -40, 0.3, -0.1, -0.5?", "\n-40\nWhat is the biggest value in -2/23, -0.4, 0.02?", "\n0.02\nWhat is the fourth smallest value in 3/70, 0.6, 2/7, -5?", "\n0.6\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) 2/9 (b) 0 (c) 1\nc\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) 2 (b) 18 (c) 0.43 (d) -4/3\na\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) 0.1 (b) 0.977 (c) -3\nb\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 7 (b) 3/2 (c) 0\nc\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) -7 (b) -3 (c) -1 (d) 5 (e) 0.105\nd\nWhich is the fifth biggest value? ", " (a) 0.2 (b) 0.5 (c) 3/7 (d) -1/2 (e) 29\nd\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) 56 (b) -3 (c) -0.3 (d) 0.03 (e) 1\nc\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -4 (b) 4 (c) -3/8 (d) 2/5\nc\nWhich is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 0.3 (d) 10\nd\nWhat is the second smallest value in -0.3, -0.4, -438, -2/9?", "\n-0.4\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) -2 (b) -1/3 (c) 1\nb\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) -3 (b) -4 (c) 4\nb\nWhat is the third smallest value in 6, -2/11, 0.1, -5/2?", "\n0.1\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) -93 (b) 10 (c) -0.4\nc\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) 0 (b) -2 (c) 29 (d) -51/4\na\nWhat is the smallest value in 2/15, -4, 2, 524?", "\n-4\nWhat is the second biggest value in 0.04, -1, -2/13?", "\n-2/13\nWhat is the fourth biggest value in 0, 2246, -4, 2/3, -5?", "\n-4\nWhat is the second biggest value in -0.1, -63, -4?", "\n-4\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) 20 (b) -2/7 (c) 2/7\nc\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) -1/26 (b) -7 (c) -1\na\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 5 (b) -3 (c) 27 (d) -0.2\nd\nWhat is the second smallest value in -0.1, -43, 19/6?", "\n-0.1\nWhat is the third biggest value in -1/4, 2/541, 2/11, -2/63?", "\n-2/63\nWhich is the fourth biggest value? ", " (a) -2/15 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d) -3\nd\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -5 (b) 0.4 (c) 2 (d) -0.142 (e) 3\nb\nWhat is the biggest value in 0, 3.9, -5?", "\n3.9\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) 0.4 (b) 11.8 (c) 2 (d) 6 (e) -0.3\nc\nWhat is the second biggest value in 5, -397, -4, 4?", "\n4\nWhat is the third smallest value in -0.2, -0.4, -0.04, 1/7?", "\n-0.04\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) 6/5 (b) 0.069 (c) 4/7 (d) 0.07\na\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) 3/11 (b) -4 (c) 81\na\nWhat is the third biggest value in 6/49, 0.9, 0, 1/2?", "\n6/49\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) -0.2 (b) -0.6 (c) 4\nc\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) 17.1 (b) -1 (c) -0.3 (d) -1/3 (e) 0.1\na\nWhat is the second biggest value in -2/11, 193, -0.5, -5?", "\n-2/11\nWhich is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) -2/6451 (b) -3 (c) -4 (d) 3/2 (e) 1\ne\nWhat is the smallest value in 27.1, 1, -2/9, -4?", "\n-4\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) -2 (b) 0.4 (c) -1 (d) 24\na\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) -5 (b) -1/4 (c) 26 (d) 16.7\na\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) -2/403 (b) -2 (c) -0.2\nc\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) -5 (b) -1 (c) 3 (d) -3/25384\nd\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) -116 (b) -4 (c) -1/4 (d) 3/7 (e) 2/7\na\nWhat is the second biggest value in 1, -7, -2?", "\n-2\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 12.3 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 0\nc\nWhat is the third smallest value in 0.1, -0.07, 0, 4, 2/3?", "\n0.1\nWhat is the third biggest value in -429, 0.3, 1/3?", "\n-429\nWhat is the fourth smallest value in -4, 0.3, -28, -5?", "\n0.3\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) 0 (b) 6 (c) 8/17\nc\nWhat is the third smallest value in 0.04, -1" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Mycological survey for potential aflatoxin and ochratoxin producers and their toxicological properties in harvested Brazilian black pepper.", "\nA mycological survey was carried out on 115 samples of whole dried black pepper seeds, from two main production regions of Brazil (Pará and Espírito Santo). ", "A high incidence of contamination was verified in both regions when 99.1% of the samples showed filamentous fungi contamination. ", "A total of 497 species of nine different genera were isolated (Aspergillus, Eurotium, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Curvularia, Cladosporium, Absidia, Emericella and Paecilomyces). ", "The genus Aspergillus was the predominant (53.5%) followed by species from the Eurotium genus (24.5%). ", "Eurotium chevalieri (16.4%) was the most predominant species followed by A. flavus (14.6%) present on 55 samples of black pepper (47.8%) analysed. ", "Twenty-five samples (21.7%) were contaminated with aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus. ", "In relation to the types of aflatoxins produced by mycotoxigenic strains, it was observed that 25 strains (44.6%) of 56 isolated of A. flavus produced aflatoxins. ", "From 12 samples, A. ochraceus species were isolated in low frequency (3.5%). ", "Two strains of A. ochraceus from 16 isolated were producers of ochratoxin A. With respect to the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A natural contamination, none of the samples presented detectable levels of these mycotoxins using thin-layer chromatographic analysis." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Saws\n\nMaking a Wood Sphere with a Circular Saw\n\nIzzy Swan is a woodworker in Charleston, South Carolina, who sold his rustic furniture shop in 2011 and retired. ", "Well, he didn't completely retire; he still does side jobs and now has time to build all sorts of jigs and weird machines—including this one for making wood spheres with a drill and circular saw." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Determination of diclofenac in pharmaceutical preparations using a novel PVC membrane sensor.", "\nA novel potentiometric PVC membrane sensor for determination of diclofenac in pharmaceutical preparations has been developed. ", "The sensor is based on the use of the 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine iron(II) diclofenac complex [diclofenac-TPTZ-Fe(II)] as an electroactive material in a plasticized PVC membrane matrix. ", "The sensor exhibits fast, stable and near Nernstian response for diclofenac over the concentration range 10(-2)-10(-6) M and pH 5.5-9.5. ", "Application to quality control analysis of diclofenac in various dosage forms shows an average recovery of 99% with a mean standard deviation of 0.2%. ", "No significant interferences are caused by inorganic and organic anions and various drug excipients and diluents." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "List of schools in Bacoor\n\nThis is a list of schools in Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines.", "\n\nPublic Schools\n\nElementary Schools\n\n Aniban Elementary School\n Bacoor Elementary School\n Bayanan Elementary School\n Digman Elementary School\n Dulong Bayan Elementary School\n Gawaran Elementary School\n Gov. P.F. Espiritu Elementary School\n Habay Elementary School\n Ligas Elementary School\n Ligas II Elementary School\n Likha Elementary School\n Longos Elementary School\n Mabolo Elementary School\n Maliksi Elementary School\n Malipay Elementary School\n Mambog Elementary School\n Molino Elementary School\n Niog Elementary School\n Progressive Elementary School\n Poblacion Elementary School\n Real Elementary School\n Salinas Elementary School\n San Nicolas Elementary School\n Sineguelasan Elementary School\n Soldiers Hills Elementary School\n Talaba Elementary School\n Zapote Elementary School\n\nSecondary Schools\n Bacoor National High School - Main, Molino \n Bacoor National High School - Tabing Dagat Annex\n Bacoor National High School - Villa Maria Annex\n Bacoor National High School - Gawaran Annex\n Bacoor National High School - Salinas Annex\n City of Bacoor National High School - Georgetown Annex\n City of Bacoor National High School - Green Valley Annex, San Nicolas III\n City of Bacoor National High School - Springville Annex, Molino III\n Eastern Bacoor National High School, Queens Row\n Bahayang Pag-asa National High School, Molino V (under construction)\n Gen. Edilberto Evangelista National High School, Zapote (under construction)\n Maliksi National High School (under construction)\n\nTertiary Schools\n Cavite State University - Bacoor Campus\n\nPrivate Schools\n\nSecondary Schools\n Arcland school of Cavite Inc.\n Academia De Covina\n Academy for Christian Education\n Academy of Gentle Potter's Children Inc.\n AMA Computer Learning Center\n Angelicum Immanuel Montessori of Cavite \n Bacoor Sheperd School\n Bacoor Parish School\n Bacoor Evangelical School\n Bacoor Parochial School of St. Michael the Archangel Inc.\n Bearer of Light and Wisdom Colleges\n Benedictine School of Cavite\n Bueno De Meraniel's Learning Institute\n Bristle Oak Academy\n Casa De San Miguel Montessori School\n Cavite Christian School\n Cavite School of Life - Bacoor\n Cavite School Of St. Mark\n Crest View Academy of Cavite \n Chain of Wisdom Colleges of Cavite (Formerly Chain of Wisdom House of Learning)\n Christian Values School\n Crossroads Christian Academy\n Diamond Academy\n Divine Light Academy\n Divine Jesus Learning Center, Inc.\n Erica Learning Center\n First Books Learning Center\n Five Star Standard College\n God's Grace Christian School\n Green Valley Academy\n Graceland Academy\n GudNad Academe, Inc.\n Harrell Horne Integrated School\n Higher Ground Academy\n Imus Computer College - Bacoor Branch\n INA Internet Learning Center\n John Paul Montessori School\n Joseph Immanuel School\n Jubileum Academy of Bacoor\n King Solomon Integrated School Inc.\n King James Academy - Cavite, Inc.\n La Camelle School\n La Vlaize Integrated Science School - Bacoor Branch\n Little Angels Montessori School\n Little Angels Learning School\n Love Christian Academy\n Marie Osmund Schools\n Macasa Learning Center\n Marella Christian Institute\n Marvelous Faith Academy of Bacoor\n Marville Center Of Education\n Millennium Christian High School of Cavite\n Mizpah Community Academy Foundation Inc.\n Montessori dei San Lorenzo\n Mother Theresa School - Main\n Newville Heights Academy\n Norquins Living Legacy Academy,Inc\n Peak Hills School\n Pillars of God Academy of Bacoor, Inc.\n Our Lady of Lourdes Academy of Bacoor Cavite, Inc.\n Pimsat College Bacoor Cavite\n Phoenix International School of Science and Technology\n Queen’s Row Integrated Science School\n Quest Academy\n Rochepol Jane Academy\n Ruther E. Esconde School of Multiple Intelligences, Inc.\n School of St. Mark\n Seven Seas Academy, Inc.\n Statefields School, Inc.\n St. Alphonsus Liguori Integrated School\n St. Clare de Molino Academy\n St. Francis Institute, Learning and Business High School\n St. Jerome Emiliani Institute\n St. John Fisher School\n St. Matthew Academy Of Cavite\n St. Michael's Institute\n St. Peregrine Institute\n St. Thomas More Academy\n St. Vincent De Paul College\n Technology Integrated Montessori of Meadowood\n The Bearer of Light and Wisdom Colleges\n The Palmridge School\n Theos Learning Center\n Theresian School of Cavite\n Villa Cecilia Academy of Arts and Technology\n Victorious Christian Montessori - Bacoor\n Waynesville Learning Center\n Young Shepherd's School\n\nTertiary Schools\n International School of Hotel and Restaurant Management\n University of Perpetual Help System Dalta - Molino Campus\n St. Dominic College of Asia\n St. Francis of Assisi College - Bacoor\n STI College Bacoor\n Woodridge College\n\nReferences\n\n http://depedcalabarzon.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Masterlist-of-Private-Schools-%E2%80%93-Bacoor-City2.pdf\n http://depedcalabarzon.ph/masterlist-of-school/masterlist-of-private-schools-2/" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "ORLANDO — Kevin Durant definitely redeemed himself. ", "So he didn’t win the 3-point contest, but compared to his seven-point, 5-25 performance last year in Los Angeles, Durant certainly bounced back. ", "He finished second to\n\nLayne Murdoch/NBAE/Getty Images BOX SCORE Maybe the Thunder just really wanted to finally give Kevin Durant a shot at that triple-double. ", "With three minutes left in the third, it looked like another night where\n\nBill Baptist/NBAE/Getty Images BOX SCORE If the Thunder could have just skipped the first quarter, Oklahoma City would have left Houston on Wednesday night with a double-digit win. ", "Alas, an absolutely putrid start forced" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSign in functionality not working in particular pages of site\n\nIn my site, the sign in functionality works fine when we login from index page. ", "But it is not logged in when we login from other pages except index page in my site.", "\nhttp://domain.com/mysite/index.php\nWhen login from this page, The functionality works fine and after login it shows the page as shown below\n\nIf we login from other pages in my site it does not work fine and it shows the page as\nhttp://mysite.com/samplefolder/detailpage.php?pollid=2&chid=2\n\nSignin.php\n<?", "php\ninclude(\"jalert.php\");\nif (array_key_exists(\"login\", $_GET)) {\n\n$oauth_provider = $_GET['oauth_provider'];\nif ($oauth_provider == 'twitter') {\nheader(\"Location: login-twitter.php\");\n}\n}\n?", ">\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n\n$(document).ready(function() {\n$(\"#new_user_session_ajax\").submit(function(e){\n e.preventDefault();\n var email = $('#userid').val();\n var password = $('#signin_password').val();\n var remember = $('#user_session_remember_me').val();\n\n $.ajax({\n type: \"POST\",\n url: \"ajaxlogin.php\",\n data: \"userid=\"+email+\"&password1=\"+password+\"&rememberme=\"+remember+\"\"\n }).done(function( msg ) {\n if(msg)\n {\n $('#error').html(msg);\n }\n else\n {\n window.location.href=\"index.php\";\n }\n\n});\n});\n});\n\n</script>\n\n<form accept-charset=\"UTF-8\" action=\"\" name=\"login\" onsubmit=\"return checkreg();\" class=\"no_scroll_animation validate no_bump ajax\" id=\"new_user_session_ajax\" method=\"post\">\n<input name=\"utf8\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"\">\n<input name=\"authenticity_token\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"yRcKhChgROcxunh7A7zRQVroShpYbO6e6PaAO4JHUtg=\">\n</div>\n\n<input id=\"after_url\" name=\"redirect_after_login\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"/\">\n\n<li class=\"remember_me clear\">\n<input name=\"user_session[remember_me]\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"0\">\n<input checked=\"checked\" id=\"external_remember_me_popup\" name=\"remember_me\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1\">\n<label for=\"external_remember_me_popup\">Remember me</label>\n\n<h5>Sign in with email</h5>\n\n<li><input autocapitalize=\"off\" class=\"validate validate_required validate_email placeholder\" id=\"userid\" name=\"userid\" value=\"Email Address\"\n onfocus=\"if(this.value == 'Email Address') {this.value=''}\" onblur=\"if(this.value == ''){this.value ='Email Address'}\" title=\"email\" type=\"email\" value=\"\"></li>\n\n<li><input autocapitalize=\"off\" class=\"validate validate_required placeholder\" id=\"signin_password\" name=\"password1\" value=\"Password\"\n onfocus=\"if(this.value == 'Password') {this.value='';this.type='password'}\" onblur=\"if(this.value == ''){this.value ='Password';this.type ='text'}\" type=\"text\" validate:message=\"Please enter your password\" value=\"\"></li><li class=\"last\">\n\n <input class=\"button\" name=\"login\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Login\" >\n<div class=\"keepmeloggedin\"><input name=\"rememberme\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"remember me\"><input checked=\"checked\" id=\"user_session_remember_me\" value=\"remember me\" name=\"rememberme\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1\">&nbsp; Remember me</div><div class=\"forgotPassword\">\n<a class=\"forget_pass\" href=\"forgot_password.php\" id=\"forgotPasswordLink\" rel=\"nofollow\">Forgot password?</a></div></li></ul></div></form>\n\nAjaxlogin.php\n<?", "php \ninclude(\"classes.php\");\n$jeob = new EF_Sql();\n\n $email= $_POST['userid'];\n\n $password= $_POST['password1'];\n\n $papas=base64_encode($password);\n\n $check = $_POST['rememberme'];\n\n $tablename=\"user_record\";\n\n $select_qry = $jeob->SqlQuery(\"SELECT * FROM \".$jeob->dbprefix.$tablename.\" ", "WHERE email ='$email' AND password ='$papas' AND active_link='1' \");\n\n$kiss=\"SELECT * FROM \".$jeob->dbprefix.$tablename.\" ", "WHERE email ='$email' AND password ='$papas'\";\n\n if($jeob->SqlRows($select_qry) == \"0\"){ \n\n echo \"Invalid Username and Password\";\n\n } else {\n\n if($check) {\n\n setcookie(\"username\", $email, time() + 3600); // Sets the cookie username\n\n }\n\n $getuser = $jeob->SqlFetch($select_qry);\n\n $_SESSION['userid'] = $getuser['user_id']; \n\n $_SESSION['oauth_provider'] = \"normal\";\n\n $_SESSION['email'] = $getuser['email']; \n\n }\n?", ">\n\nA:\n\nMake sure you are calling session_start(); at the top of each file. ", "It is likely you are missing that on some pages so the session does not carry over and as such it appears as if the user is logged out.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Q:\n\nboost iostreams compilation error\n\nthis is my compile line:\ng++ -std=c++11 -Wall -Wextra -g -lboost_iostreams cppfile.cpp -o bin\n\nbut I have the following error:\n/tmp/cclste3G.o: In function `trie::write_on_disk(char*)':\nundefined reference to `boost::iostreams::zlib::default_strategy'\nundefined reference to `boost::iostreams::zlib::deflated'\nundefined reference to `boost::iostreams::zlib::default_compression'\n/tmp/cclste3G.o: In function `boost::iostreams::basic_gzip_compressor<std::allocator<char> >::basic_gzip_compressor(boost::iostreams::gzip_params const&, int)':\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/gzip.hpp:671: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::zlib::best_compression'\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/gzip.hpp:671: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::zlib::best_speed'\n/tmp/cclste3G.o: In function `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_compressor_impl<std::allocator<char> >::zlib_compressor_impl(boost::iostreams::zlib_params const&)':\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:338: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_base::zlib_base()'\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:338: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_base::~zlib_base()'\n/tmp/cclste3G.o: In function `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_compressor_impl<std::allocator<char> >::~zlib_compressor_impl()':\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:343: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_base::reset(bool, bool)'\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:343: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_base::~zlib_base()'\n/tmp/cclste3G.o: In function `void boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_base::init<std::allocator<char> >(boost::iostreams::zlib_params const&, bool, boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_allocator<std::allocator<char>, boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_allocator_traits<std::allocator<char> >::type>&)':\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:185: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_base::do_init(boost::iostreams::zlib_params const&, bool, void* (*)(void*, unsigned int, unsigned int), void (*)(void*, void*), void*)'\n/tmp/cclste3G.o: In function `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_compressor_impl<std::allocator<char> >::filter(char const*&, char const*, char*&, char*, bool)':\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:350: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_base::before(char const*&, char const*, char*&, char*)'\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:351: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::zlib::finish'\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:351: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::zlib::no_flush'\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:351: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_base::xdeflate(int)'\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:352: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_base::after(char const*&, char*&, bool)'\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:353: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::zlib_error::check(int)'\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:354: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::zlib::stream_end'\n/tmp/cclste3G.o: In function `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_compressor_impl<std::allocator<char> >::close()':\n/usr/include/boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp:358: undefined reference to `boost::iostreams::detail::zlib_base::reset(bool, bool)'\n\nI use -lboost_iostreams so I don't understrand why I have this error\nRegards\n\nA:\n\nYou can fix this by putting the linker flag -lboost_iostreams after cppfile.cpp. ", "The order is significant.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nKDE5 After resume from suspend I have corrupted labels under icons\n\nI'm using KDE neon distribution (Ubuntu 16.04 LTS + latest KDE5 DE).", "\nSuspend+resume looks to be mostly working on my notebook, but the labels under icons (I have \"folder view\" set up as background in plasma shell) are corrupted, like this:\n\nOn the left side corrupted icon, on the right fixed by dragging the icon few pixels and letting it drop back to its original place.", "\nLooks to me, as it may be not graphics driver issue, but even KDE5 plasma folder view caching bug?", "\nQUESTION:\n\nhow to refresh the whole desktop easily? ", "The KDE menu \"Refresh Desktop\" does not help (I guess there's some cache for icons, and it is not invalidated).", "\nhow to create some high quality bug report, what kind of logs/commands output is worth of it, and where even to start to hunt down this one.", "\n\nWhile I'm programmer myself, I don't do any Qt/KDE5 development, so I don't have even idea, which part of KDE is responsible for these, where to look for errors and which tools are available for diagnostics. ", "A quick look into dmesg and /var/log/Xorg.0.log didn't bring up anything suspicious.", "\nlshw -c video\n *-display \n description: 3D controller\n product: GM107M [GeForce GTX 960M]\n vendor: NVIDIA Corporation\n physical id: 0\n bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0\n version: a2\n width: 64 bits\n clock: 33MHz\n capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom\n configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0\n resources: irq:130 memory:de000000-deffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0000000-d1ffffff ioport:e000(size=128) memory:df000000-df07ffff\n *-display\n description: VGA compatible controller\n product: Intel Corporation\n vendor: Intel Corporation\n physical id: 2\n bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0\n version: 06\n width: 64 bits\n clock: 33MHz\n capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom\n configuration: driver=i915_bpo latency=0\n resources: irq:125 memory:dd000000-ddffffff memory:b0000000-bfffffff ioport:f000(size=64)\n\nglxinfo | grep OpenGL\nOpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation\nOpenGL renderer string: GeForce GTX 960M/PCIe/SSE2\nOpenGL core profile version string: 4.5.0 NVIDIA 375.66\nOpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.50 NVIDIA\nOpenGL core profile context flags: (none)\nOpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile\nOpenGL core profile extensions:\nOpenGL version string: 4.5.0 NVIDIA 375.66\nOpenGL shading language version string: 4.50 NVIDIA\nOpenGL context flags: (none)\nOpenGL profile mask: (none)\nOpenGL extensions:\nOpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.2 NVIDIA 375.66\nOpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.20\nOpenGL ES profile extensions:\n\nA:\n\nI know your pain, this has been annoying me for months now.", "\n1) The only way to fix the desktop I've found is brute force, I made a shortcut to do this and run it every time I resume from standby:\nkillall plasmashell; kstart plasmashell\n\n2) I can't properly answer this but I'm posting all the info I've got so I can link this from the bug report page. ", "The glitching is a long standing issue with the NVidia drivers and KDE plasma, previously the same question was asked here but it got falsely marked as a duplicate of a similar related issue: https://askubuntu.com/questions/897928/kde-desktop-icons-glitched-after-suspend-kubuntu-16-10\nI had some hope after the recent 5.10.3 plasma update as it was supposed to be fixed https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=344326 https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=KDE-Plasma-5.10.3-Released , but it didn't fix the issue for me.", "\nI'm going to follow up on that bug report with a link to this post so also attaching an image of the bug on my system here.", "\n(EDIT: found the actual bug report for Plasma https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=382115)\n(EDIT2: found the bug report for QT: https://bugreports.qt.io/browse/QTBUG-56610 and NVidia forum thread https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/971972/linux/icon-text-label-corruption-with-kde-plasma-5-desktop-folder-view/)\n$ cat /etc/issue\nUbuntu 17.04 \\n \\l\n$ uname -a\nLinux desktop 4.10.0-26-generic #30-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jun 27 09:30:12 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux\n$ plasmashell --version\nplasmashell 5.10.3\n\nA:\n\nI have had the same problem with Kubuntu 18.04. ", "Having gone read several posts about this problem, I've combined the answers into a solution that works automatically. ", "There is a small Bash script that runs in the background and kills/restarts plasmashell every the user returns from lock screen. ", "You can find the answer to the link below (script and way to run it automatically)\nKubuntu 18.04, cron task does not load @reboot\nI hope you find it useful!", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Senior Expo – “Save your Spouse… Beat the Widowmaker”\n\nFebruary 21, 2012, Tuesday, 5:00PM - 8:00PM\n\nLocation: Heritage Eagle Bend Clubhouse\n\nAddress: 23155 E. Heritage Parkway, Aurora, CO 80016\n\nPlan to attend our Senior Expo … this is the event you’ve been waiting for - “Save your Spouse, Beat the Widowmaker.” ", "All in one place you will have answers to questions on medical services, nursing care, senior residential facilities, insurance, legal services, real estate, financial planning, home modification professionals and CPR demonstrations. ", "Meet Senior Professionals from 5:00 to 6:30PM and from 6:30- 8:00PM will feature our event speakers. ", "Featured speakers are Barry Molk, ND Chief of Cardiology at Sky Ridge Medical Center and Marco Chayet, Elder Law Attorney and past Chairman of the Elder Law Section of the Colorado Bar Association. ", "This is a free event with door prizes and refreshments. ", "Please RSVP to Carolyn Gensler of RE/MAX at 303-799-9898." ]

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[ "Raindrops keep falling...\n\nRaindrops Keep Falling On My HeadBy@DentistGoneBadd\n\nSo this week, a study by a group calling itself RAINDROP (Resource Allocation in NHS Dentistry: Recognition of Societal Preferences) led by Newcastle University has suggested that routine scaling and polishing should be stopped on the NHS in order to release funds to be directed more effectively towards avoiding “Oral health inequality and meet patient’s needs.”", "\n\nThe team carrying out the study said that “Public money used for NHS dentistry in England is based on historical demands rather than evolving with the needs of patients.”", "\n\nThe study revealed that “Funds should be much more focussed on prevention of decay and gum disease and more accessible services.”", "\n\nSo many questions. ", "So many swear words.", "\n\nFirstly, how much money would be released as a result of dentists not doing a scale and polish with a patient’s exam, bearing in mind the cost of a scale and polish is thrown in with a Band 1 with examination most of the time? (", "Very occasionally, practitioners may do a stand alone three-monthly scale, but these are few and far-between and I’m sure kicking these into touch wouldn’t fund a millisecond of oral hygiene instruction nationwide). ", "I am a simple soul, but if scales weren’t routinely done, nothing would be saved cost wise, surely? ", "Unless, of course, the idea is to ultimately cut the cost of an examination….hang on.…hang on. ", "I smell a rat gestating.", "\n\nNow I can see the merits of wanting funds to be allocated to the prevention of decay and gum disease, but, and again I apologise for being dim, isn’t scaling sort-of-vaguely a preventive measure? ", "Doesn’t it sort-of help in reducing the risk of gingivitis progressing to periodontitis? ", "And if the aim of cost cutting is to avoid oral health inequality, are they doing that by dragging the oral health of the rest of the population down and making us all ‘neglected?’ ", "That would even things up a bit you’ve got to admit, thus reducing inequality in a perverse, roundabout sort of way. “", "You’re too tall for this theme park ride, so I’m going to cut your legs off.”", "\n\nFindings from the study met with some derision from dentists and hygienists on Twitter. ", "Some clinicians pointed out that the biggest growth industry in the UK is dental litigation and the number one target for the lawyers and by far the biggest earner, is neglected or undiagnosed periodontal disease. ", "So if funds were cut for scaling on the Nash, periodontal problems would potentially rise. ", "Wouldn’t that mean that the lawyers would then be able to go after the NHS for neglected perio as well as the dentist? ", "After all, it would then be state-sponsored negligence. ", "At least it’ll provide dentists with the defence of “But Theresa May/Michael Gove/Boris Johnson made me do it.” (", "Delete as appropriate).", "\n\nAnd the report’s assertion that public money spent on dentistry is based on historical demands, is surely ‘evidence-based’ by another name. ", "We do scales and polishes because it’s effective. ", "We see evidence of this every day, by our books being pretty much devoid of newly edentulous patients. ", "Isn’t that historical effectiveness in action? ", "When I first qualified I did a fair few clearances or finished off clearances on terminal perio patients and chucked in piles of immediates. ", "I think I may have done one, if that, in the past TEN years.", "\n\nThe money saved, according to RAINDROP (it should actually be RAINDROSP – that tells you everything) would also be used for providing MORE new NHS ‘high street’ practices – presumably with higher rents. ", "The same report also says that “Much of the dental budget is spent (currently) on high street dentistry.” ", "This appeared to be a criticism. ", "The academics obviously cannot make up their minds. ", "What do they want - more high street dentistry, or less? ", "It’s like a Russian matryoshka doll. ", "They cut down on scales so they can open a high street practice. ", "That practice won’t be allowed to do scales so they will have enough money to open another and on and on, ad infinitum.", "\n\nAnd as an aside, the study for direct booking by patients – ALWAYS a great idea – though I’m not sure what happens if the patient wants a scale and polish.", "\n\nThe study also criticises the fact that “significant amounts are also spent on specialist oral surgery and orthodontic services.” ", "Well….yeah! ", "Have you seen the waiting lists for oral surgery and orthodontics DESPITE the money spent? ", "They apparently want the money spent on oral disease and prevention. ", "Is it that recurrently infected impacted 8’s doesn’t count as oral disease? ", "Apparently not.", "\n\nAnd don’t get me started on orthodontics. ", "They want to stop treating individuals with ‘moderate’ need and adults needing ortho. ", "Two things. ", "Adults are generally not treated on the NHS anyway, and many of the few that are treated are those needing multidisciplinary approaches – such as for orthognathic surgery preparation. ", "Secondly, ‘moderate’ need can include those individuals who are crowded and whose ability to carry out oral hygiene effectively due to their crowding is compromised. ", "Never mind, the Nash will be there to give you a good sca…..oh, no it won’t. ", "Sorry.", "\n\nIt speaks volumes that this study was driven by primarily, academics who don’t work day in day out in the NHS General Dental Service. ", "The whole enterprise is pared to the bone already. ", "I vaguely remember the original thinking behind the UDA system was that it was going to reduce pressure on practitioners to carry out active treatments and free them up to concentrate on prevention. ", "Where did that idea go?", "\n\nBut the really bad news is that the ‘team’ has already presented their findings to the Office of the Chief Dental office and ‘others’ at NHS England. ", "Personally, I hope the latter laugh in their faces. ", "I hope.", "\n\nIf adopted, I believe this insane idea will make a mockery of the whole idea of NHS dentistry providing a quality service and will begin the landslide towards its demise.", "\n\nIt makes me spit calculus.", "\n\n(The opinions expressed by @DentistGoneBadd are entirely his own and GDPUK.com can keep their hands off them)\n\nAbout the author\n\nDentistGoneBadd was a General Dental Practitioner for over 30 years. ", "He clung on to his registration with the desperation of a spider swirling down a plug hole, until his pension ripened and he flushed it away. ", "He now sees a psychotherapist and giggles a lot." ]

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[ "I’ve recently added support for the other three shells (fish, zsh, tcsh) in shcompgen. ", "shcompgen is basically a utility to write those shell commands “complete -C foo foo” or “complete -c foo -l longopt1 –description ‘Add a thing to foo'” for you. ", "It recognizes scripts written using Getopt::Long::Complete, Perinci::CmdLine, and a few others so that you can enable shell tab completion for your scripts.", "\n\nfish. ", "Enabling tab completion for a command in fish is relatively simple. ", "For each short/long option of a command, you can define a separate “complete” command, e.g.:\n\ncomplete -c man -s k --description \"Show apropos information\" complete -rc man -s C --description \"Configuration file\" complete -xc man -a 1 --description \"Program section\" complete -xc man -a 2 --description \"Syscall section\" complete -xc man -a 3 --description \"Library section\" ...\n\nDoing this has the advantage of fish knowing about the each program option and its description, so you can get a prettier/more informative completion. ", "It is not possible to just say like in bash “complete -F somefunc cmd; # delegate completion to a function” or “complete -C somecmd cmd ; # delegate completion to an external command”. ", "It’s also possible to just delegate to the program entirely a la bash’s “complete -C”:\n\ncomplete -c somecmd -a '(begin; set -lx COMP_SHELL fish; set -lx COMP_LINE (commandline); set -lx COMP_POINT (commandline -C); shcompgen; end)'\n\nzsh. ", "Completion in zsh is complex and complicated with lots and lots of options, if not featureful. ", "You can, in theory, use “complete” or “compgen” command like in bash because zsh has “bashcompinit” that (partially) simulates those two bash commands. ", "This enables you to reuse your bash completion definitions in zsh. ", "I tried to do that but didn’t succeed though.", "\n\n#compdef pmman autoload bashcompinit bashcompinit # this is bash-style complete -C pmman pmman\n\nThe commands I type will sometimes complete, but at other times won’t. ", "So I use “compadd” instead, which is the standard way to add completion results in zsh. ", "For example:\n\n#compdef pmman _pmman() { si=$IFS compadd -- $(COM_SHELL=zsh COMP_LINE=$BUFFER COMP_POINT=$CURSOR pmman) IFS=$si } _pmman \"$@\"\n\ntcsh. ", "tcsh lacks a fallback or autoload mechanism (like “complete -D” in bash or similar mechanism in fish and zsh), so activating or deactivating completion for a command requires you to explicitly re-source a definition script or logout + login again.", "\n\nTab completion now works in zsh, fish, and tcsh but since I don’t use those shells daily and am not familiar enough with them, there are still known issues (documented in the shcompgen’s POD) like with escaping of special characters like whitespace. ", "I hope that Perl programmers that use one of those shells can give inputs on how to resolve the issues." ]

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[ "Computed tomography of the orbit with special emphasis on coronal sections: Part I. Normal anatomy.", "\nComputed tomography (CT) of the orbit is capable of demonstrating soft tissue structures not visualized yet by any other radiological modality. ", "The possibility of obtaining direct coronal slices has added a new dimension to the study. ", "Direct enlargement viewing on the display console reveals many anatomical details. ", "For better evaluation of pathological findings, an accurate anatomical knowledge is required. ", "The purpose of this study is to report on the normal anatomy of the orbital soft tissues made visible by CT, with emphasis on the coronal views." ]

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[ "Introduction\n============\n\nThe trillions of microorganisms in the human intestinal tract are in a symbiotic relationship with the human body and play an important role in immunity, metabolism, digestion, and other processes. ", "The gut flora also participates in information exchange between the brain and intestinal tract. ", "Currently, it is thought that microorganisms are gathered outside the host itself and the body forms super symbionts.^\\[[@R1]\\]^ Moreover, microbial genomes are considered the second genomes in our cells. ", "Decomposition and transformation of food constituents by the intestinal flora produces a series of materials that are involved in host energy metabolism, immune regulation, neuroendocrine activity, and other physiological activities. ", "The intestinal flora can be viewed as a virtual organ with important functions in human physiology.^\\[[@R2]\\]^ There are various technologies available for characterizing the intestinal flora, which should facilitate the treatment of critical diseases.", "\n\nSeptic Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)\n================================\n\nSeptic AKI, a clinical syndrome with many possible causes and symptoms, is a common and serious disease in intensive-care units (ICU).^\\[[@R3]\\]^ The most common cause of AKI is sepsis. ", "Septic AKI is a complex, multifactorial process and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. ", "In sepsis, destruction of mucosal barriers, imbalance of the intestinal flora, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, use of antibiotics, and lack of intestinal nutrients can lead to an inflammatory reaction, which in turn affect host metabolism and immunity, thus promoting AKI.^\\[[@R4]\\]^ Some studies have reported an incidence of AKI in the ICU of 10.8% to 67.0%. ", "The death rate of AKI patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) exceeds 50%. ", "Great progress has been made in medical care for AKI and RRT technology, but the reported death rate for the disease among hospitalized adult patients remains high, at 14%--60%.^\\[[@R5]\\]^ Several studies have shown a relationship between the intestinal flora and renal insufficiency, which by extension shows the close relationship between the kidney and the gastrointestinal tract (known as the gastrointestinal axis).^\\[[@R6]\\]^ Therefore, studies on the intestinal flora and sepsis-induced kidney injury are of importance to guide follow-up treatment and reverse gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with kidney disease.", "\n\nIntestinal Flora and Kidney Injury\n==================================\n\nThe intestinal flora shows changes under conditions of kidney injury. ", "In particular, most patients with end-stage renal disease exhibit intestinal dysfunction.^\\[[@R7]\\]^ There are several reasons why septic AKI patients show obvious changes in the intestinal flora, as follows. (", "1) Metabolic waste cannot be fully excreted by the kidneys and accumulates in the body during kidney injury, eventually changes the structure, quantity, and distribution of the intestinal flora, resulting in a serious imbalance in intestinal microecology that may manifest in a decrease in probiotic bacteria and overgrowth of saprophytic bacteria. (", "2) The type and quantity of intestinal flora are closely related to vitamin K, a deficiency of which in patients with renal injury can lead to changes in intestinal microecology. (", "3) Iatrogenic factors may be involved in AKI,^\\[[@R8],[@R9]\\]^ whereby the intestinal flora plays a vital role in the development and treatment of kidney diseases; this is currently a hot topic of research.", "\n\nMethods to Characterize Intestinal Flora in Sepsis-induced Kidney Injury\n========================================================================\n\nProbiotics and synbiotics\n-------------------------\n\n### Studies reporting benefits of probiotics\n\nThe word probiotic is derived from the Greek \"beneficial to life.\" ", "Li et al^\\[[@R10]\\]^ found that supporting enteral nutrition through probiotics effectively reduces the inflammatory response, and improves immune function and the serum albumin index in septic patients. ", "Probiotics can also improve nutritional status, and shorten the mechanical ventilation and hospitalization times of patients with sepsis. ", "Shimizu *et al*^\\[[@R11]\\]^ reported on 35 patients who received synbiotics and 37 patients who did not, there was no significant difference in the incidence of sepsis or mortality between the two groups, but analysis of fecal bacteria showed that the amounts of beneficial bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were significantly higher in the probiotic group than in the control group. ", "Moreover, the concentration of organic acids in the probiotic group, particularly the amount of acetate during the first week, was significantly higher than in the control group. ", "Overall, the results implied that prophylactic probiotics can regulate host immunity and digestion, balance the intestinal flora, and decrease the incidence of enteritis and ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients. ", "Vitetta *et al*^\\[[@R12]\\]^ also investigated the efficacy of probiotics, and found that *Streptococcus thermophilus (S. thermophilus)* is an important regulator of uremic toxins in the intestinal tract of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). ", "Using probiotics containing *S. thermophilus* may delay the progression of CKD by downregulating the proinflammatory response of the mucosa. ", "Zhang *et al*^\\[[@R13]\\]^ studied the intestinal microflora of 25 CKD patients (CKD group) and 25 healthy subjects (control group). ", "The results showed that the intestinal microflora of the CKD patients differed significantly from that of the healthy subjects, and probiotic levels were negatively correlated with inflammatory factors; moreover, rumen microflora was positively correlated with inflammatory factors. ", "Wu *et al*^\\[[@R14]\\]^ reported that probiotics alter the host\\'s response to bacterial infection by directly regulating the transmission of mucosal signals. ", "Once intestinal epithelial cells are exposed, pathogen-induced filaments are present due to kinin profiles associated with multiple innate immune signaling pathways. ", "Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B decreased in response to probiotics. ", "Consistent with this, the gut microbiota of mice fed oral probiotics was not changed, but the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was reduced. ", "It may be because that probiotics inhibit the inflammatory response triggered by LPS.", "\n\n### Studies reporting no benefits of probiotics\n\nAmong critically ill patients, the infection rate was lower in those who were administered with probiotics, compared with that than in the patients without, but probiotics had no effect on mortality, average hospital stay, or the incidence of diarrhea.^\\[[@R15]\\]^ More clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings. ", "Borges *et al*^\\[[@R16]\\]^ assigned 46 hemodialysis (HD) patients to *S. thermophilus*-treated (*n* = 23) and placebo (*n* = 23) groups: probiotics failed to significantly reduce uremic toxins or inflammatory markers. ", "Therefore, further study is needed to determine whether probiotics should be administered to HD patients. ", "Another study found that a 6-week of administration of lactobacilli or bifidobacteria before dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease reduced levels of uric acid toxin in plasma and the occurrence of constipation and systemic inflammatory reactions.^\\[[@R17]\\]^ However, further research is needed to determine whether there are long-term benefits. ", "Suez *et al*^\\[[@R18]\\]^ reported that although probiotics have been widely used, and probiotic colonization, activity at the strain level, safety, interactions with the local microbiome and effects on the host have been assessed, the clinical outcomes associated with the use of many probiotic strains and preparations are unsatisfactory. ", "At present, the clinical data are insufficient to support the use of probiotics in the perioperative and ICU environments.^\\[[@R19]\\]^ More research is needed to understand the complex two-way relationship between microorganisms and the host. ", "A decrease in the number of beneficial microorganisms, and an increase in pathogenic bacteria (a condition known as dysbiosis), in the ICU, may promote the onset of worsening of intestinal sepsis. ", "Although oral probiotics prevent nosocomial infections, the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored.^\\[[@R20]\\]^ Overall, whether probiotics are beneficial for severely ill patients still requires clinical validation.", "\n\nNext-generation sequencing\n--------------------------\n\nWith the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology, the throughput of genome sequencing has increased, while the sequencing time and costs continue to decrease. ", "Due to the close relationship between intestinal microorganisms and the physiological functions of the human body such as nutrition, immunity, metabolism, research of intestinal microbial genomics has good application prospects in host physiology, disease pathology, drug pharmacology, and etc.^\\[[@R21]\\]^ Marker genes have recently been used in clinical practice to better understand the structure and function of the microbiota, and the relationship between the microbiome and disease.^\\[[@R22]\\]^ The 16S ribosomal RNA gene is commonly used as a marker of microbial diversity. ", "The highly variable regions within this gene can be amplified and sequenced. ", "Currently, high-throughput sequencing involves polymerase chain reaction amplification of the target region of the genome after amplifying the DNA of the target region. ", "Then, the sequence is compared against a database to identify the species, followed by biological information analysis.^\\[[@R23]\\]^\n\nMuhuawang *et al*^\\[[@R24]\\]^ acquired fecal samples from 20 healthy adults in Taiyuan, China. ", "DNA was extracted and a 16SrRNA gene clone library was prepared. ", "The high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that the intestinal microflora of healthy adults is complex, but relatively stable. ", "Nycz *et al*^\\[[@R25]\\]^ analyzed 16S rRNA gene sequences to determine the bacteria present in patients' feces. ", "The analysis revealed that the gut microbiota was not only related to cancer types and the response to chemotherapy, but could also be used to predict subsequent bloodstream infections. ", "Lankelma *et al*^\\[[@R2]\\]^ compared the fecal bacterial compositions of critically ill septic and non-septic patients with those of controls. ", "The results showed that bacterial diversity was significantly decreased in half of the patients compared with the controls. ", "However, microbial diversity, the thick-walled bacteria/bacteroides ratio, and the Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria ratio were not associated with complications or survival. ", "Further study is needed to understand the effect of major changes in intestinal bacterial communities on short- and long-term health.", "\n\nDetermination of organic acid concentrations\n--------------------------------------------\n\nCarboxylic acids are produced through anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; e.g., formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate), which play an important role in anaerobic digestion.", "\n\nOne study showed that acetic acid improves sepsis-induced AKI by lowering the ratio of serum creatinine to blood urea nitrogen and renal myeloperoxidase activity to lipid peroxide, as well as by restoring the tubular structure. ", "Moreover, administration of acetate was associated with an oxidative-antioxidant imbalance in the T cells of patients with AKI. ", "During AKI, acetic acid inhibits the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 and reactive oxygen species, by inhibiting histone deacetylase activity in T cells.^\\[[@R26]\\]^ These data imply that acetate may be able to induce T cells to restore the oxidative-antioxidant balance in patients with sepsis-induced AKI.", "\n\nWeng *et al*^\\[[@R27]\\]^ reported that propionate is an independent predictor of sepsis (odds ratio \\[OR\\]: 1.279; 95% confidence interval \\[CI\\]: 1.069--1.530; *P* = 0.007), ICU mortality (OR: 1.331; 95% CI: 1.107--1.600; *P* = 0.002), 28-day mortality (OR: 1.259; 95% CI: 1.046--1.514; *P* = 0.015), and 90-day mortality (OR: 1.304; 95% CI: 1.092--1.558; *P* = 0.003). ", "Thus, propionate can be useful to diagnose and predict the prognosis of septic shock.", "\n\nWang *et al*^\\[[@R28]\\]^ evaluated the utility of SCFAs in terms of survival rate in an LPS-induced septic model. ", "They found that butyrate (but not acetate or propionate) significantly reduced the mortality rate of infected mice. ", "Further studies found that butyrate reduced the inflammatory response induced by sepsis by upregulating the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. ", "Ty *et al*^\\[[@R29]\\]^ showed that carboxylic acid is an evolutionary precursor of amino acids that regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis. ", "Preparation containing butyrate and propionate can be used to study the mechanisms of action of probiotic strains and metabolomics, and could aid in the development of innovative drugs.", "\n\nHecker *et al*^\\[[@R30]\\]^ reported that SCFAs and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) increase the mitochondrial respiration capacity under baseline and inflammatory conditions, without influencing the mitochondrial DNA content or production of proinflammatory cytokines. ", "Thus, they concluded that SCFAs and MCFAs are a suitable and safe energy source under inflammatory conditions, and have the ability to partially restore mitochondrial respiration. ", "The influx of urea and other residual toxins affects the gut microbiota in patients with CKD, resulting in a decrease in the number of beneficial bacteria producing SCFAs and an increase in the number of bacteria producing uremic toxins (e.g., barium sulfate, armor phenol sulfate, and trimethylamine-n-oxide), which further aggravates intestinal wall inflammation and degradation of tight junctions between cells, and also accelerates the release of intestinal uremic toxins into the blood.^\\[[@R31]\\]^\n\nFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)\n--------------------------------------\n\nGaines *et al*^\\[[@R32]\\]^ found that the intestinal microbiota varied among experimental mice, and was associated with phenotypes of peritoneal sepsis in a bacterial inoculation model (intraperitoneal injection of feces). ", "Wide variation in bacterial composition among the animals was revealed by fecal analysis, and the differences in clinical phenotype disappeared by 16 months after the injections. ", "Wei *et al*^\\[[@R33]\\]^ showed that multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and severe diarrhea were resolved in two male patients following FMT, and their defecation volume and body temperature also either decreased significantly or were restored to normal. ", "These outcomes were in accordance with significant changes in the bacterial profiles of the patients; a significant increase in the symbiosis of Firmicutes and a decrease in the opportunistic microbial population of Proteobacteria were observed. ", "In addition, a recombinant bacterial community rich in Firmicutes was found; however, it lacked Proteobacteria, which was associated with decreased fecal excretion and plasma inflammatory markers. ", "In both patients, repairing the intestinal flora barrier not only reduced infection but also regulated the immune response. ", "These findings lay the foundation for further research on FMT as a new treatment for microbial-related diseases, including MODS.", "\n\nAnalysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in feces\n------------------------------------------------------\n\nFecal VOCs reflect the composition and activity of intestinal microbial communities. ", "Berkhout *et al*^\\[[@R34]\\]^ hypothesized that VOCs could serve as non-invasive biomarkers of late-onset sepsis (LOS) at the pre-clinical stage in septic patients. ", "Notably, VOC spectral analysis is clinically feasible, but the utility of this technique for early detection of LOS needs to be confirmed in future studies.", "\n\nDiscussion and Prospects\n========================\n\nLankelma *et al*^\\[[@R35]\\]^ determined that although broad-spectrum antibiotics may disrupt the intestinal flora, the innate immune response in healthy individuals during endotoxemia is not affected. ", "Metabolites produced by the intestinal microflora, especially SCFAs, are proven to improve kidney diseases by reducing inflammatory response, antioxidant, anti-fibrosis; regulating blood pressure and metabolism; and enhancing immune function.^\\[[@R36]\\]^ However, the effects of different types of SCFAs on kidney physiology are controversial. ", "New research^\\[[@R37]\\]^ suggests that intestinal floral disorders can exacerbate non-intestinal infectious diseases through the loss of bacterial and intestinal bacterial diversity and an increase in the number of virulent bacteria. ", "According to the existing information, regulating the microbiome is a necessary part of CKD management. ", "The combination of a low-protein diet with probiotic and symbiotic supplements is promising for controlling disease progression and comorbidities, although validation in large clinical trials is needed.", "\n\nPowerful metagenomic and metatranscriptome analysis techniques have provided new insight into microbial communities. ", "However, the mechanisms underlying the association of microorganisms with the health and disease states of the host remain unknown. ", "High-throughput sequencing technology and correlation analyses of different flora revealed a correlation between intestinal flora and septic renal injury, thus providing a rationale for interventions targeting the intestinal flora. ", "Probiotics and FMT can be effective for improving the intestinal microbiota of patients with septic renal injury and CKD, but interventions have mainly been limited to probiotics targeting certain microbial groups. ", "However, knowledge is expanding rapidly, and microbial treatments based on SCFAs, for example, may eventually be included in strategies for preventing systemic infection. ", "Nevertheless, clinical data supporting the use of FMT are currently lacking. ", "The microbiome may play an important role in the perioperative period and the ICU environment, but existing data to support this are mostly descriptive. ", "Better understanding of the imbalance in intestinal flora in patients with renal diseases will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reduce these diseases and their complications.", "\n\nFunding\n=======\n\nThis work was supported by a grant from the Scientific Research Program of the Health Industry, Gansu Province, China (No. ", "GSWSKY-2014-32).", "\n\nConflicts of interest\n=====================\n\nNone.", "\n\n**How to cite this article:** Yuan JJ, Chang XN, Li M, Yuan QX, Yang XL. ", "Clinical utility of characterizing intestinal flora in septic kidney injury. ", "Chin Med J 2020;133:842--846. ", "doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000724\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Q:\n\nFatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to undefined function ereg_replace() PHP 7\n\nbelow code is giving me the fatal error in php 7\n $jquery_click_hook = ereg_replace(\"[^A-Za-z0-9]\", \"\", strtolower($value['name']));\n\nis there any way to make it compatible with php 7?", "\n\nA:\n\nSwitch to preg_replaceDocs and update the expression to use preg syntax (PCRE) instead of ereg syntax (POSIX) where there are differencesDocs (just as it says to do in the manual for ereg_replaceDocs).", "\nYour above code should be this way:\n$jquery_click_hook = preg_replace(\"[^A-Za-z0-9]\", \"\", strtolower($value['name']));\n\nA:\n\nereg_replace function was DEPRECATED in PHP 5.3.0, and REMOVED in PHP 7.0.0. ", "So you must have to use preg_replace() function instead of ereg_replace()\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "863 F.2d 50\nUnpublished DispositionNOTICE: Sixth Circuit Rule 24(c) states that citation of unpublished dispositions is disfavored except for establishing res judicata, estoppel, or the law of the case and requires service of copies of cited unpublished dispositions of the Sixth Circuit.", "F.J. WILLIAMS, Plaintiff-Appellant,v.GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION; United Auto Workers Union;Defendants-Appellees.", "\nNo. ", "87-2245.", "\nUnited States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.", "\nNov. 21, 1988.", "\n\nBefore LIVELY and WELLFORD, Circuit Judges and JOHN W. PECK, Senior Circuit Judge.", "\n\nORDER\n\n1\nThis appeal has been referred to a panel of this court pursuant to Rule 9(a), Rules of the Sixth Circuit.", "\n\n\n2\nA review of the record indicates that the judgment of the district court dismissing the action was entered December 7, 1987. ", " The appellant filed a notice of appeal on December 14, 1987 and thereafter, on December 16, 1987, he served a motion for a new trial. ", " The motion was served within ten days of the entry of judgment and it therefore tolled the appeals period. ", " Fed.", "R.App.", "P. 4(a)4. ", " Consequently, the motion caused the notice of appeal filed on December 14, 1987, to be of no effect, as the filing of the time-tolling motion after the filing of the notice of appeal divested this court of jurisdiction. ", " See Western Indus. ", "Inc. v. Newcor Canada Ltd., 709 F.2d 16 (6th Cir.1983) (per curiam). ", " The motion for a new trial was denied on January 19, 1988. ", " A new notice of appeal should have been filed within the prescribed time measured from the entry date of the order disposing of the motion. ", " Appellant failed to file a new notice of appeal. ", " A timely notice of appeal is mandatory and jurisdictional. ", " Acosta v. Louisiana Dep't of HHR, 478 U.S. 251 (1986) (per curiam); Griggs v. Provident Consumer Discount Co., 459 U.S. 56 (1982) (per curiam). ", " Therefore, this court lacks jurisdiction to review this matter.", "\n\n\n3\nIt is ORDERED that the appeal be and hereby is dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. ", " Rule 9(b)(1), Rules of the Sixth Circuit.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Maureen Bradley\n\nMaureen Bradley is a Canadian film director, producer, screenwriter, media artist, professor, and curator. ", "She has produced over fifty short films and her work has been recognized internationally. ", "Through her work, she challenges traditional gender norms and opposes the heteronormativity that dominates the television and film industry. ", "Her focus is to bring more nontraditional representations of sex, gender, and sexuality to the forefront of film. ", "Her work predominantly features queer characters and themes, including her most recent work and first feature film, Two 4 One. ", "Bradley currently works as an Associate Professor at the University of Victoria in the Writing Department. ", "She resides in Victoria, British Columbia with her partner, Stacey Horton, and their daughter, Ruby.", "\n\nEarly life and education \nBradley was born and raised in Montreal, Quebec. ", "She grew up with a love of music and sound, and in her early years, she pursued this love as a bassist in the underground music scene in Montréal, in the band \"Sons of the Desert\". ", "It wasn't until later on that she discovered her interest in editing, film, and media art. ", "Since then, she has played an active role in the Canadian independent film community. ", "Her work has been featured in major venues, including the New Gallery and the Museum of Modern Art.", "\n\nBradley attended Concordia University for Communications and Media Studies. ", "Upon her relocation to Vancouver, she furthered her education at the University of British Columbia. ", "There, she received a Master of Fine Arts degree in Film Production.", "\n\nCareer \nDuring her career as a Montréal-based bassist, Bradley first became interested in the media industry when she was awarded a VideoFACT production grant to create a music video. ", "From there, she became an assistant professor of film production at the University of Regina. ", "During her time in Regina, she became the Saskatchewan District Council of the Directors Guild of Canada's first female director in 2002. ", "She then returned to British Columbia and became an associate professor at the University of Victoria's Writing Department, where she continues to teach film and video. ", "Using a grant she received from the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Bradley brought the Hi-Def Story Incubator Lab to life at the University of Victoria.", "\n\nBradley has been active in the film community across Canada since 1988. ", "Her work in the Canadian film scene has been focused on challenging typical gender norms and binaries. ", "While directing and appearing in the series Road Movies in 1992, which reached an audience of fifteen million viewers, she became the first person to publicly come out on a network Canadian television series.", "\n\nBradley has contributed to various film associations within Canada, including Queer City Cinema, Video In, and the Independent Media Arts Alliance of Canada. ", "She is also the former president of the Board of Directors of CineVic Society of Independent Filmmakers.", "\n\nTwo 4 One \nHer most notable work to date is her debut feature film, Two 4 One. ", "This film tells the story of transgender man, Adam, his ex-girlfriend Miriam, and how they both end up—half accidentally, half intentionally—pregnant. ", "The film stars Canadian actors Gavin Crawford, Naomi Snieckus and Gabrielle Rose. ", "Bradley has stated that she is working towards creating a broader representation of family planning in film, branching out from traditional heterosexual conception. ", "Two 4 One has received a great deal of positive feedback, including favourable reviews from The National Post and The Globe and Mail.", "\n\nFilmography\n\nAdditional works \n Burning Down My House (2013)\n Waylaid (2013)\n Beyond the Pale (2010)\n Pants on Fire (2009)\n Gullible (2008)\n Self-storage (2006)\n sisyphus (2005)\n Stranded (2004)\n My Heart the Historian (2001)\n Birthday Suit Management: a 21C Homage to Lisa Steele (2001)\n Erased (1999)\n Go Dyke! ", "Go! (", "1998)\n What I Remember (1998)\n Tainted: Christopher Lefler and the Queer Censorship Chill (1997)\n Forever (1997)\n HER (1996)\n Forever (1996)\n Reframing the Montreal Massacre: A Media Interrogation (1995)\n Losing It (1995)\n Not Like That (1994)\n The Weight of Women's Eyes (1994)\n Defiance (1993)\n Queer Across Canada (1993)\n She Thrills Me (1993)\n Road Movies (1992)\n Safe Sex is Hot Sex (1991)\n We're Here, We're Queer, We're Fabulous (1990)\n Briser lâisolement: le SIA et les femmes au Québec (1990)\n\nAwards and nominations \nBradley has received recognition for her work in the film industry in numerous film festivals. ", "Her web series, Freshman's Wharf, received a Leo Award in 2011. ", "Her short film, Pants on Fire, was featured at the Worldfest/Houston International Film Festival and received a Golden Remi Award for Short Film Directing. ", "Bradley has also been recognized at the Philadelphia Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, Austin Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, Reelings Festival, Chicago, and the Santa Barbara Gay and Lesbian Film Festival.", "\n\nHer latest film Two 4 One has received numerous awards and nominations. ", "Bradley was personally nominated for three Leo Awards for this film, including Best Motion Picture, Best Direction in a Motion Picture, and Best Screenwriting in a Motion Picture. ", "She was also nominated for two awards at the Vancouver International Film Festival. ", "Lead actor Gavin Crawford received the ACTRA Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor, and Gabrielle Rose won a Leo Award for Best Supporting Performance by a Female in a Motion Picture.", "\n\nAdditionally, artistic retrospectives based on Bradley's work have been created in cities across Canada. ", "These retrospectives include Making Scenes (1999) and Out on Screen (1998), hosted respectively by Ottawa's Gay and Lesbian Film Festival and Vancouver's Queer Film and Video Festival.", "\n\nSee also\n List of female film and television directors\n List of LGBT-related films directed by women\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official Website \n \n\nCategory:University of Victoria faculty\nCategory:Canadian women screenwriters\nCategory:LGBT writers from Canada\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Concordia University alumni\nCategory:University of British Columbia alumni\nCategory:Film directors from Montreal\nCategory:LGBT directors\nCategory:LGBT screenwriters\nCategory:21st-century Canadian women writers\nCategory:Canadian women film directors\nCategory:Writers from Montreal\nCategory:Year of birth missing (living people)" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCan't rename packages in Intellij idea\n\nI want to create some folder structure in Intellij IDEA IDE. ", "But, when I am trying to create some folder in other folder, root folder renaming.", "\nFor example: There is a folder src/test/java. ", "I want to create folder com/tests. ", "com folder renaming to com.tests.", "\nWhy is it happening?", "\n\nA:\n\nThis is how IntelliJ IDEA displays packages a per default.", "\nTo change it: \nIn your Project Browser, click the Settings Button and deselect Compact empty Middle Packages.", "\nScreenshot:\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Chateau Grand Mayne Grand Cru Classe St Emilion 75cl\n\nLayers of ripe, cedary black currant and black cherry fruit are endearing and substantial in this opulent, medium to full-bodied wine, which displays notes of underbrush and roasted herbs that give the wine a Provencal nuance to its overall St.-Emilion personality. ", "Drink between 2013 and 2027 As rated by Robert Parker\n\nMore Information\n\nMore Information\n\nCountry\n\nFrance\n\nRegion\n\nBordeaux\n\nSize\n\n75cl\n\nVarietal\n\nRed Blend\n\nNOTE: Vintages are subject to change without notice. ", "BDS $2.00 = USD $1.00. ", "All prices listed per bottle and are inclusive of 17.5% VAT. ", "Special prices may not be combined with any other discount or special offer. ", "Container deposit will be added to the cart at checkout where applicable.", "\n\nLOOKING FOR THE PERFECT GIFT?", "\n\nSend any product as a gift by adding a gift message in the cart. ", "Click 'Gift Options' to enter your gift message." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Q:\n\nAdding column to temporary table with select statments\n\nI have a stored procedure I'm trying to create to fill a temporary table. ", " But I need to make several passes at adding data based upon some conditions and capture those conditions with an additional field added to the temp table.", "\nI start out like this:\n select top 0 \n into #mytable\n from UserTable\n\nThis I have found simply copies the basic structure with the same columns and types. ", " Then I need to add a field:\n alter table #mytable ADD reasontype varchar\n\nThe I make several passes at examining the table, here is one of them:\n insert into #mytable\n select distinct a.*, 'Annual'\n from UserTable a\n where (a.EnrollmentDate < DATEADD(year, -1, getdate())\n\nThis is to select those that require an annual review. ", " The procedure compiles without an error but when I try to fill a datatable I get the error that string or binary data would be truncated. ", " What am I doing wrong?", "\n\nA:\n\n alter table #mytable ADD reasontype varchar(max)\n\nIf that works, either use \"max\" or a value that won't truncate your values...or use a LEFT statement where the length matches the longest value of reasontype\nexample for left:\nalter table #mytable ADD reasontype varchar(3)\n\n insert into #mytable\n select distinct a.*, LEFT('Annual',3)\n from UserTable a\n where (a.EnrollmentDate < DATEADD(year, -1, getdate())\n\nbut you probably just want this:\nalter table #mytable ADD reasontype varchar(6) /* where 6 is the length of the string \"Annual\" */\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "The performance’s first act, “Séance,” was a guided meditation session in which the fifteen people onstage—a small circle of four including Franco, Nakadate, the two leaders of the séance, and a larger circle of 11 unseen sitters—and willing members of the audience participated in a short breathing exercise and sought to conjure the spirit of playwright Tennessee Williams. ", "Those onstage seemed to take the exercise very seriously, but the audience’s reaction was a mix of earnest engagement and cynical, snickering disbelief. ", "It especially tended to the latter as the leader of the séance relayed Williams’ messages to us and most of them were praise for Franco: “This is not about him, it’s about you.” ", "She also relayed a few mantras that seemed rather hackneyed by Williams’s standards, like “When you get an impulse that feels good, do it.” ", "The next two acts seemed to confirm that this séance was a bit of a joke at our expense.", "\n\nIn the second act, “Women,” a series of female performers took the stage for something like Tennessee Williams karaoke, with Franco and Nakadate as judges/coaches. ", "On a giant screen a video showed Franco performing the male half of The Glass Menagerie‘s central scene, in which crippled Laura and would-be suitor Jim grow close during an electrical outage before he reveals he’s engaged. ", "Each woman who took the stage took a microphone from the previous performer and was asked to speak Laura’s lines as they appeared on the screen in response to Franco speaking Jim’s part on video.", "\n\nSome fared better than others, though all were confused when told to face towards the audience while also needing to read the lines appearing on the screen. ", "One woman came out, turned to the audience while her lines flashed behind her and said, “Oh my god, I’m so nervous,” and proceeded to take out her cell phone and call her mother. ", "Nakadate, the stricter of the duo, barked “next,” and a young woman in a bikini and high heels strutted out to take the microphone. ", "Happily, the two best performers came out during the scene’s climactic moments, including when Jim and Laura dance and accidentally break the horn off her prized glass unicorn figure—Franco advised the performer: “You’re speaking about the unicorn, but you’re also speaking about yourself.” ", "Later, as Jim revealed his relationship status after sharing a (hilariously pantomimed) kiss with Laura, Franco suggested: “He’s breaking your heart, maybe you could cry.” ", "Nakadate, a crying expert, echoed his direction.", "\n\nFor the third act, “Men,” a series of male performers delivered The Glass Menagerie‘s closing monologue, in which Laura’s brother Tom—who set up the disastrous meeting with Jim and fled shortly thereafter, abandoning his sister and mother—tearfully tries to rid himself of the painful memory of his sister. ", "Franco and Nakadate, who sat at the edge of the stage during the second act, remained off-stage during the first two actors’ monologues—both of which were very good. ", "The third actor, who turned out to be performance artist Ryan McNamara, stopped about a third of his way into the monologue and asked for Franco and Nakadate’s help. “", "When I do this I picture myself walking down a windy alley,” McNamara explained, “so if you could just blow in my hair.” ", "After another false start he stopped again and said: “I’m not an actor, I can’t cry on cue, so if Laurel you just keep blowing, and James can you spit a little under my eye so it looks like I’m crying.” “", "Won’t that distract from your performance,” Franco asked.” “", "No.”", "\n\nMcNamara finally delivered the monologue, while Nakadate and Franco crawled in front of him blowing his hair and spitting under his eyes from one side then the other, earning a huge round of applause for their combined efforts. ", "The act ended with performance artist and one-time Franco colleagueKalup Linzy singing the monologue in a long blonde wig and a very short neon green bathrobe of sorts, his voice alternating between an autotuned masculine pitch and overly feminine, soap opera-evoking shriek.", "\n\nJust as it became increasingly enjoyable as it progressed, Three Performances in Search of Tennessee also focused more and more intently on one of Williams’s best-known works. ", "Though the opening séance neither seemed wholly serious nor completely disingenuous, the second and third acts mixed moments of hilarity with a few calm and sober dramatic highs. ", "This didn’t happen so much during the women’s karaoke competition—although, near the end, the interactions between performers and video-Franco got less awkward. ", "But the final act did Tom’s exceptionally heartbreaking Glass Menagerie epilogue justice. ", "The audience certainly left with a pretty thorough understanding of the play’s two most important scenes, although to what extent that constitutes a successful search for Tennessee Williams is for each attendee to determine for themself." ]

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[ "Effects of methohexitone, althesin, ketamine and droperidol on peripheral vagal transmission.", "\nThe effects of methohexitone, ketamine, Althesin and droperidol on the peripheral vagal transmission to the heart were studied in decerebrate cats by evaluating the influences of the drugs on the heart rate responses to vagal electrostimulation and the injection of acetylcholine i.v. ", "The sites of the peripheral vagal transmission (vagal ganglia and sino-atrial pacemaker cells) were reached by the application of the drugs to the pericardial space. ", "The bradycardia in response to vagal electrostimulation was attenuated by Althesin (2.1 x 10(-4)-3.3 x 10(-3) mol litre-1; expressed as the concentration of alphaxalone), ketamine (2.9 x 10(-4)-4.6 x 10(-3) mol litre-1) and droperidol (2.6 x 10(-5)-6.6 x 10(-4) mol litre-1) in a concentration-dependent manner, but not influenced by methohexitone (2.8 x 10(-4)-4.4 x 10(-3) mol litre-1). ", "The bradycardia-attenuating effects were probably caused by an atropine-like action since the heart rate responses to the injection of acetylcholine i.v. ", "were also attenuated by the same three drugs." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nLength of a sequential table in Lua may skip indices?", "\n\nIn Lua is seems that if a single numeric key is missing from the table, the length still continues counting:\n> print(#{[1]=1,[2]=2,[4]=4})\n4\n\nBut this skipping two indices stops at the break\n> print(#{[1]=1,[2]=2,[5]=5})\n2\n\nIt's not just the unconvential constructor. ", " Even if an skipped index is created after the creation of the table it still counts past it, so long the break is only one.", "\n> x={1,2}\n> print(#x)\n2\n> x[4]=4\n> print(#x)\n\nIs this an implementation error or is this how Lua supposed to work. ", " Why is it like this? ", "Any references to documentation of this would be interesting.", "\n\nA:\n\nThis is how it works. ", "The length of a table is only defined if the table is a sequence, with no holes. ", " See http://www.lua.org/manual/5.2/manual.html#3.4.6 .", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Effect of freezing on lens capsule mechanical behavior.", "\nPostmortem storage of lens capsules by freezing was found to increase capsular thickness slightly (5%). ", "The effect on mechanical properties was minor. ", "Ultimate tensile strength and ultimate stiffness were not changed by freezing. ", "Ultimate strain was slightly increased (2%) and the elastic modulus calculated at 40% strain was decreased (20%). ", "Frozen capsules were found to relax to a slightly lower value than fresh ones (2%). ", "The results show that freezing tends to soften the tissue, possibly due to an increased hydration. ", "In spite of this effect, which has to be kept in mind, postmortem freezing seems to be an acceptable storage method when collecting tissue for biomechanical research." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "The membrane hypothesis of schizophrenia.", "\nThe phospholipid structure of neuronal membranes is essential for normal functioning of the nervous system. ", "Evidence is accumulating that phospholipid metabolism in both brain and red blood cells may be disturbed in schizophrenia. ", "In particular, in patients with negative symptoms, levels of arachidonic acid and docosahexanoic acid in red blood cell membrane phospholipids are severely abnormal. ", "The membrane hypothesis of schizophrenia may represent a new and fruitful paradigm for future research." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular systolic function in human fetuses with ductal constriction.", "\nVentricular systolic function was assessed in fetuses, 18 with and 18 without constriction of the ductus arteriosus by serial two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic studies. ", "Ductal constriction was defined as maximum systolic velocity of > 140 cm/s and diastolic flow velocity of > 30 cm/s. Ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic areas were measured from a four-chamber view and area shortening fraction (SF) was calculated: area SF = (area in end-diastole--area in end-systole)/area in end-diastole. ", "In fetuses with ductal constriction, right ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic areas were significantly increased and right ventricular area SF decreased significantly compared with those values in fetuses without ductal constriction (186 +/- 48 vs. 150 +/- 30 mm2, 112 +/- 34 vs. 81 +/- 19 mm2 and 0.40 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.47 +/- 0.03, respectively, p < 0.01) without any significant changes in left ventricular area SF. ", "Serial studies were available in eight ductal constriction fetuses before and during indomethacin administration, and after withdrawal of the drug for a mean of 24 h. Both systolic and diastolic ductal flow velocities in all fetuses returned to normal range after discontinuation of the drug. ", "During ductal constriction during indomethacin therapy, right ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic cavity areas were significantly larger and area SF was significantly less than those values before and after the therapy (179 +/- 38 vs. 157 +/- 30 and 154 +/- 27 mm2, 108 +/- 33 vs. 82 +/- 15 and 83 +/- 15 mm2 and 0.40 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.03 and 0.46 +/- 0.03, respectively, p < 0.01). ", "This study suggests that ductal constriction influences right ventricular systolic performance." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Pedestrian killed in Colleton County this morning\n\nA pedestrian was killed after being hit by a car this morning on Sidneys Road in Colleton County. ", "It happened at 6 a.m. near Chestnut Road, according to authorities. ", "The pedestrian was walking in the roadway toward the flow of traffic, wearing dark clothing, according to Trooper Bridget Wyant. ", "The pedestrian was not visible to the driver and the driver struck the pedestrian from behind, she said. ", "The pedestrian was pronounced dead on the scene, authorities said." ]

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[ "Hi girl! ", "New to your blog, discovered it from Citizen Rosebud's 40+ blogroll (I just got added not too long ago!). ", "Love this outfit and loving how bright and high-quality your indoor photos are! ", "Do you have any special lighting, or how do you achieve that? ", "Thanks so much!Jennifer :)" ]

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[ "Ex vivo expansion of murine marrow cells with interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, IL-11, and stem cell factor leads to impaired engraftment in irradiated hosts.", "\nIn vitro incubation of bone marrow cells with cytokines has been used as an approach to expand stem cells and to facilitate retroviral integration. ", "Expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells has been monitored by different in vitro assays and in a few instances by in vivo marrow renewal in myeloablated hosts. ", "This is the first report of studies, using two competitive transplant models, in which cytokine-treated cells, obtained from nonpretreated donors (eg, 5-fluorouracil), were competed with normal cells. ", "A basic assumption is that the expansion of progenitors assayed in vitro as high- and low-proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP- and LPP-CFCs) indicates an expansion of stem cells which will repopulate in vivo. ", "This study shows that culture of marrow cells with four cytokines (stem cell factor, interleukin-3 [IL-3], IL-6, IL-11) induces significant expansion and proliferation of HPP-CFC and LPP-CFC. ", "Cell-cycle analysis showed that these hematopoietic progenitors were induced to actively cell cycle by culture with these cytokines. ", "In the first competitive transplant model, which uses Ly5.2/Ly5.1 congenic mice, cytokine-cultured Ly5.2 cells competed with noncultured Ly5.1 cells led to 5% +/- 1% engraftment at 12 weeks and to 4% +/- 2% engraftment at 22 weeks posttransplantation for the cytokine exposed cells. ", "Noncultured Ly5.2 cells competed with cultured Ly5.1 cells led to 70% +/- 1% engraftment at 12 weeks and to 93% +/- 2% engraftment at 22 weeks posttransplantation. ", "In the second model, which uses BALB/c marrow of opposite genders, cultured male cells lead to 13% +/- 9% engraftment at 10 weeks and 2% +/- 1% engraftment at 14 weeks posttransplantation; noncultured male cells lead to 70% +/- 2% and 95% +/- 2% engraftment at 10 and 14 weeks posttransplantation, respectively. ", "Data presented here from two different competitive transplant studies show a defect of cytokine expanded marrow related to cell cycle activation which manifests as defective long-term repopulating capability in irradiated host mice. ", "The engraftment defect is more profound at longer time intervals, suggesting that the most striking effect may be on long-term repopulating cells." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Still Alive (Video Game: Portal)\n\n12 Hole Version\n\n4 Hole Version\n\nHere we have the popular ending song for Portal, Still Alive! ", "This rather long song brought many of us laughter with the completion of the Portal game! ", "Test your skill with the ocarina by trying to master this song without any errors!", "\n\nSearch Tabs\n\nOcarina Type\n\nDifficulty\n\nTop Rated\n\nDisclaimer: I did not make these tab sheets or songs. ", "I have left the credits intact in the images where available. ", "I can not make tab sheets by request, however I can ask sources which have donated tab sheets to this site." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.001978121465072036, 0.0006418897537514567, 0.004466908052563667, 0.0007182268309406936, 0.0005336008034646511, 0.0005337052862159908 ]

[ "Ткани Zoffany | Коллекция Tinto Wools Garrick\n\nGarrick is a large scale Madras check in 100% Shetland wool. ", "Unlike traditional Scottish plaids it has an irregular and non-symmetrical pattern in both warp and weft which creates a less formal and more contemporary design." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "require('../../../modules/es7.string.trim-right');\nmodule.exports = require('../../../modules/_entry-virtual')('String').trimRight;" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Will you be coordinating with Enron Corp. Clement Abrams regarding Guaranties \nrelating to the Canada confirms as well?", "\n\n\nEnron North America Corp.\nMary Cook\n1400 Smith, 38th Floor, Legal\nHouston, Texas 77002-7361\n(713) 345-7732 (phone)\n(713) 646-3490 (fax)\nmary.cook@enron.com" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Enron Emails" }

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[ "Few 2011 recruits have been as indecisive as Klein (Texas) Collins four-star cornerback Charles Jackson.", "\n\nIn spite of the many ups and downs of Jackson's recruitment many were hoping that the talented athlete's future would be made slightly clearer after his official visit to Oklahoma this past weekend.", "\n\nNo decision was made during the weekend but all hope shouldn't be lost for Sooner fans as Jackson did enjoy his visit over the Florida State weekend despite an early departure from Houston.", "\n\n\"I got about three hours of sleep and left and three in the morning,\" Jackson said. \"", "The game was really nice the way it was set up and I got a chance to be on the field during the pre game and the locker room before the game and it was awesome. ", "The atmosphere of the game was really loud, there was 85,000 people there. ", "The fans are just crazy. ", "It was awesome.\"", "\n\nRead the first, and ONLY, interview with Charles Jackson at SoonerScoop.com!" ]

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[ "Recruitment of 18 LEGAL ASSISTANTS on Contractual Basis – High Court of Gujarat\n\nRecruitment to the Post of LEGAL ASSISTANTS on Contractual Basis on the establishment of the High Court of GujaratADVERTISEMENT NO.RC/1320/2014\nStarting date for submission of On-line application :- 16/04/2014 (12.00 Hrs.)", "\nClosing date for submission of On-line application :- 27/04/2014 (23.59 Hrs.)", "\nDownload ‘e-Call-letters’ for Preliminary Examination (Screening Test) :- 01/05/2014 (11:00 Hrs. ", "onwards)\nDate of Preliminary Examination (Screening Test) :- 04/05/2014 (Sunday)\nDate of Viva-voce Test (Oral Interview) :- Tentatively in the month of June/July 2014VACANCY AND PAY- SCALE :-\n(a) The High Court of Gujarat invites On-line Applications from the Candidates with Degree in Law, for filling up, 18 (5 existing + 13 future) posts in the cadre of Legal Assistants, on the establishment of the High Court of Gujarat on a Fixed Remuneration of Rs.15,000/- p.m. purely on ad-hoc and contractual basis, initially for a period of 11 months, extendable on periodical basis, upto a maximum period of 3 Years, subject to the approval of the Honourable the Chief Justice.", "\n(b) On-line Application Format alongwith the detailed ‘Instructions’ for submission of On-line Applications, shall be made available on the High Court Website www.gujarathighcourt.nic.in and/or HC-OJAS Web-site http://hc-ojas.guj.nic.in from 16/04/2014 (12:00 Hrs.) ", "to 27/04/2014 (23:59 Hrs.)ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA :-\nThe Candidate having the below-mentioned Qualifications, will be eligible :- (a) Educational Qualifications :\nDegree in Law from any University in India or any Institution recognized by the University Grants Commission.", "\nCandidates studying in the fifth year of a Five Year Law Course can also apply for the said post, and their final selection would be subject to their passing of the fifth year examination of LL.B., prior to their appointment.", "\nBasic Knowledge of Computer Application / Operation.", "\n(b) Acquaintance of vernacular Language :\nThe job of a Legal Assistant would require the candidate concerned, to carry out extensive research work and preparing notes, forming opinions, comments, etc., ", "on legal issues, by interpreting the vernacular language, which would therefore, require acquaintance of the vernacular Language.", "\n(c) Age-limit :– Candidates born between 11/04/1996 and 11/04/1979 shall be eligible to apply.", "TENURE :-\n(a) Legal Assistants shall be appointed initially for a period of 11 months, and their tenure may be extended upto a maximum period of 3 Years, upon recommendation of the Hon’ble Judge concerned, subject to the approval of the Honourable the Chief Justice and such engagement shall in no case be extended beyond a period of 3 Years.", "\n(b) The appointment may be terminated by either side by giving one-month notice, or one month salary in lieu thereof, which requirement may be waived by the other side.", "\nProvided that appointment of Legal Assistants shall be liable to be terminated at any time by the High Court of Gujarat, without notice or any compensation if his/her services are found to be unsatisfactory or if he/she violates any of the Rules.", "REMUNERATION :-\nThe Candidates selected shall be entitled to draw a fixed honorarium of Rs. ", "15,000/- per month without any additional allowances, benefits, perquisites, facilities or increments, as stipulated in the Government Resolution, Legal Department No. ", "HCT/102004/4015/D, dated 14/10/2011.FEES AND MODE OF PAYMENT :-\n(a) The candidates are required to remit the Application Fees of Rs. ", "200/- plus Bank Charges in the Current Bank Account No. ", "30725811785, held in the name of the Registrar General, High Court of Gujarat, Sola, Ahmedabad, maintained with the State Bank of India, High Court Complex Branch, Ahmedabad, through any of the Core Banking Service branches of the State Bank of India, using the ‘Cash Voucher’ in the special format appended to this Advertisement, from 16/04/2014 to 27/04/2014 during Bank working days and hours.", "\n(b) Fees once remitted, into the concerned Account, shall not be refunded or adjusted for any subsequent Recruitment Process, under any circumstances.", "To View Detailed / Exact Advt. ", "please visit following webpage:-http://hc-ojas.guj.nic.in/AdvtDetailFiles/FLA_Detailed.pdf\n\nSELECTION PROCESS :-\n[A] Preliminary Examination (Screening Test) – ‘Computer Based (Online) Examination System: (To be conducted on 04/05/2014)\n(a) The Preliminary Examination (Screening Test) based on a ‘Computer Based (Online) Examination System’ of 100 marks with 2 hours duration with Negative Marking i.e. 0.33 for each Wrong Answer,\nbased on the following Syllabus :- .", "\n1. ", "The Constitution of India\n2. ", "The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908\n3. ", "The Indian Penal Code, 1860\n4. ", "The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973\n5. ", "The Indian Evidence Act, 1872\n6. ", "The Indian Contract Act, 1872\n7. ", "The Specific Relief Act, 1963\n8. ", "The Transfer of Property Act, 1882\n9. ", "The Limitation Act, 1963\n10. ", "General Knowledge & English Comprehension\n11. ", "Computer Skills/Applications knowledge\n12. ", "General I.Q. Test\n(b) The Candidates shall down-load their respective ‘e-Call-letters cum Admission Slip’, from the Websites abovementioned, from 01/05/2014 to 04/05/2014 (both days inclusive).", "\n(c) The Language of Question Paper of Preliminary Examination will be English.", "\n(d) In the Preliminary Examination (Screening Test) will be conducted on a ‘Computer Based (Online) Examination System’, hence, the evaluation is done by software after final Submission of the\nExamination by the candidate, hence the question of rechecking does not arise.", "\n(e) In case large number of Candidates, in the Preliminary Examination (Screening Test), the High Court shall restrict the number of Candidates to be called for Viva-voce Test to 3 times the number of vacancies according to Merit.", "\n[B] Viva-voce Test : (Tentatively to be conducted in the Month of June/July, 2014)\n(a) Viva-voce Test shall be of 50 Marks.", "\n(b) Personality, Aptitude and Orientation, Computer Application Skills, People Skills, Communication Skills, Legal Knowledge of a candidate shall be given weightage at the Viva-voce Test (Oral Interview).", "\n(c) For being eligible to be included in the Select List, the candidate shall have to obtain minimum 40% Marks in the Viva-voce Test.", "\n(d) Selection of candidates shall be made on the basis of aggregate marks obtained by the candidates in the Preliminary Examination (Screening Test) & Viva-voce Test. ", "GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS :-\n(a) Candidates born between 11/04/1996 and 11/04/1979 shall be eligible to apply.", "\n(b) The Candidates who have successfully submitted Online Applications shall only be eligible for appearing at the Preliminary Examination (Screening Test) and/or Viva Voce Test.", "\n(c) The decision of the High Court as to the eligibility or otherwise of a candidate for admission to the Preliminary Examination and/or Viva Voce Test will be final. ", "No candidate, to whom ‘e-Call-letter-cum-Admission\nSlip’ have not been issued by the Recruiting Authority, shall be allowed to appear for the Preliminary Examination and/or Viva Voce Test.", "\n(d) The candidates shall have to appear at their own expenses for the Preliminary Examination (Screening Test) and/or Viva-Voce Test, if called for, at the place and time that may be decided by the High Court.", "\n(e) The list of eligible candidates will be placed on the High Court website.", "\n(f) Candidate shall be required to download his/her ‘e-Call-letter-cum- Admission Slip’ from the Gujarat High Court Websites www.gujarathighcourt.nic.in AND http://hc-ojas.guj.nic.in, by using\nhis/her Application No., ", "Confirmation No. ", "and Date of Birth, for appearing at the respective Examination/ Viva-voce and the same will be intimated at the relevant time, through Press-Note/SMS.HOW TO APPLY :-\n(a) All eligible Candidates after payment of their respective Examination Fees in the Bank Account as mentioned in Para No. ", "6 above, should apply ‘Online’,\nthrough the link provided in High Court Website\nwww.gujarathighcourt.nic.in OR http://hc-ojas.guj.nic.in in the prescribed format from 16/04/2014 to 27/04/2014.", "\n(b) Candidates should have his / her own ‘registered’ Mobile Number and the same should be kept active during the entire Recruitment Process, as ‘SMS’\nalerts for the Tests, are also likely to be notified on the Mobile Number, registered in the ‘On line’ Application.", "\n(c) Steps for submitting ‘On-line Application’ from ‘OJAS’ Module :-\nFill up all the Fields given in On-line Application Format, carefully as per the Instructions, after thoroughly reading & understanding the entire Detailed Advertisement & all the Instructions.", "\n‘Save’ your ‘On-line Application’, by clicking on ‘Save’ button.", "\nThereafter, a new window will be opened which displays Candidate’s Application Number. ", "This means, the Application is saved successfully. ", "Candidates shall, note down the entire string of the\nApplication Number (e.g. HCG/201314/2/11111). ", "In this window, by clicking “Show Application Preview” Button, preview of the Application will be displayed on the screen of the Computer.", "\nThereafter, by entering his/her Application Number and Date of Birth, the candidate is required to Upload his/her ‘Scanned passport size Photograph’ (latest) and ‘Scanned Signature’, in the stipulated size & format [refer para 11 (p)]. ", "The Candidate shall ensure that, the uploaded ‘Photograph’ & ‘Signature’, are distinctly recognizable, after uploading.", "\nNote : Please note that the ‘scanned signature’ of the Candidate concerned, shall ONLY be uploaded, which shall be verified at each stage, and if the ‘scanned signature’, does not match with the signature of the Candidate, at the time of successive verifications during the Recruitment Process, his/her Candidature shall be liable to be rejected.", "\nIf necessary, by using the said Application Number & Date of Birth, a candidate can edit his/her ‘On-line Application’ through ‘Edit Application Button’ until he/she ‘Confirms’ the ‘Online Application’,\nby clicking at the ‘Confirm Application’ icon. ", "Please note that, after such ‘Confirmation’, further editing of one’s ‘Online Application’, will not be permitted by the System.", "\nPlease note that only after such ‘Confirmation’, the ‘System’ will register your ‘Online Application’.", "\nThereafter, Candidate should ensure that he/she receives a System generated ‘SMS – communication’ conveying his/her Confirmation Number, on the ‘registered’ Mobile Number, which should be preserved by the Candidate till the end of the Recruitment Process.", "\nAt the end of the process, the Candidate shall take ‘Print- outs’ of his/her ‘Confirmed Application’ by clicking “Print Application” Tab of the Main Menu.", "\n(d) The Candidates shall fill up the required data in the ‘On line’ Application in accordance with the ‘Instructions’. ", "Applications which are not in accordance with the ‘Instructions’, shall be summarily rejected.", "\n(e) Take a note that the above is the general procedure for applying ‘Online’.", "\nNo other mode of Application or incomplete Application(s), shall be accepted and in such cases, the Application(s) are liable to be rejected.", "\nAny Application, even under the R.T.I. Act, seeking any information, will not be entertained till the completion of the entire Recruitment Process.", "\nDecision of the High Court of Gujarat in respect of all matters pertaining to this recruitment would be final and binding on all candidates.", "\n\nWrite a comment\n\nDisclaimer / Important:- We are not Recruitment Agency Or Recruiter for any of post. ", "We Just Post information Regarding Latest Jobs/ Vacancies so the information may reach timely to the end user. ", "For exact information related to that post you are suggested to visit official website - for which a hyperlink is provided in each of the vacancy post. ", "The materials contained on this website are provided for general information purposes only,no guarantee is given that the information provided in this website is correct, complete, and/or up-to-date. ", "View Detailed and exact information on official website,an official link is provided in every articles. ", "And information/comment provided by author is his/her opinion only." ]

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[ "5862\nSycamore Ridge Drive\n\nDescription\n\nBeautiful newly renovated ranch home in Sugar Hill! ", "3bd/2bth with new interior paint, new LVP flooring, large kitchen with newly refinished cabinets, new granite countertops, and new stainless steel appliances! ", "Master bedroom with en suite features newly refinished cabinets and new granite countertop. ", "Private backyard w/ patio. ", "Great location with great schools and No HOA! ", "This home is MOVE IN READY!!!", "\n\nSchool Information\n\nDescription\n\nBeautiful newly renovated ranch home in Sugar Hill! ", "3bd/2bth with new interior paint, new LVP flooring, large kitchen with newly refinished cabinets, new granite countertops, and new stainless steel appliances! ", "Master bedroom with en suite features newly refinished cabinets and new granite countertop. ", "Private backyard w/ patio. ", "Great location with great schools and No HOA! ", "This home is MOVE IN READY!!!", "\n\nProperty Description\n\nBeautiful newly renovated ranch home in Sugar Hill! ", "3bd/2bth with new interior paint, new LVP flooring, large kitchen with newly refinished cabinets, new granite countertops, and new stainless steel appliances! ", "Master bedroom with en suite features newly refinished cabinets and new granite countertop. ", "Private backyard w/ patio. ", "Great location with great schools and No HOA! ", "This home is MOVE IN READY!!!" ]

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[ "[Metabolic profile and end-organ damage in essential hypertensive patients according to the control of blood pressure in primary care centres].", "\nTo evaluate the degree of metabolic control and end-organ damage in a group of hypertensive patients with poor and good blood pressure (BP) control in primary health care centers. ", "Observational study with diagnostic intervention, performed in 16 primary care centers of Burgos (Spain). ", "207 patients (120 with good BP control and 87 with poor BP control) with pharmacological treatment were included in the study. ", "The following parameters were determined: clinic history, casual BP, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), electrocardiography, and clinic analysis in plasma and 24-hour urine. ", "The 32% and 31% of patients respectively were receiving combined pharmacological treatment. ", "No significant differences were detected between the two groups for the levels of c-HDL > 130 mg/dl (62% vs. 62%), microalbuminuria (5% vs. 10%) and basal glucose levels > 126 mg/dl (105 vs. 15%). ", "There was a significant proportion of patients with poor clinical BP control with left ventricular hypertrophy (13% vs. 34%; p < 0,001), impaired renal function (3% vs. 11%; p < 0,05), mean hematocrit value (41,9 +/- 4,5 vs. 43,7 +/- 3,5; p < 0,01) and different degree on BP control by ABPM (1,6% vs. 16%: p < 0,01). ", "Our hypertensive patients with poor BP clinical control showed more end-organ damage than those with good control, although they have a similar metabolic profile. ", "The access to ABPM by primary health care centers could modify the therapeutic management in a significant subgroup of hypertensive patients with poor BP control." ]

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[ "The Law Society of NSW has partnered with research and consultancy firm Urbis to develop a tracking survey specifically to look at employment prospects for law graduates.", "\n\nThe Law Student Tracking Survey will be available to approximately 3,000 students across 14 law schools in NSW and the ACT.", "\n\nIt is the first of its kind in Australia to focus on the legal profession in particular, according to Urbis director Alison Wallace.", "\n\n“There are other graduate studies done, but they’re across all professions, and this one gives you the ability to drill down into, in more detail, the specific issues relating to law graduates,” Ms Wallace told Lawyers Weekly.", "\n\nAdvertisement Advertisement\n\nThe survey will ask final-year law students whether they intend to practise as lawyers, or whether they will use their degree as a foundation for another career.", "\n\n“There’s a particular concern [that] law graduates who want to practise law are going to have a very tough time in the future, and there’s a perception that there’s an oversupply of law graduates,” Ms Wallace said.", "\n\n“But a lot of this information is anecdotal, and in fact I guess there’s a view that we don’t really know what the situation is.", "\n\n“There is concern that if there is an oversupply of lawyers, that could potentially lead to lower salaries, it could lead to longer hours of work, it could lead to unpaid internships, and so really this research is to examine the current data and look at the viability of the profession for law graduates, and let’s get a really solid evidence base rather than just talking in generalities all the time.”", "\n\nThe survey will compare graduates’ experiences across a wide range of categories, including gender, age, ethnicity, language background, geographical background and the type of law they want to practise. ", "It will also cover a variety of accredited law degrees, including bachelor of laws, combined degrees, legal diplomas, juris doctors and other postgraduate law degrees.", "\n\nSPONSORED CONTENT\n\n“[The survey] will be assisting [universities’] career advisers to provide good advice to prospective law students and law graduates,” Ms Wallace said, regardless of whether students intend to practise law.", "\n\n“And I guess it will assist law schools and the Law Society of NSW and employers to maybe identify any joint initiatives to make a kind of smoother pathway for graduates into employment,” she added.", "\n\n“We’ve talked with a number of law students and I think they’re really interested in the survey, because a number of them are saying, ‘Look, we’re fed up about the kind of pessimism, we’re fed up about the negative narrative about what the bleak employment prospects are for law graduates’ ... And I think they’re very keen to participate in studies which will actually give more information.”", "\n\nThe surveyed students will be contacted again in three years and in five years to track their employment experiences.", "\n\nThe Law Student Tracking Survey will be completed by students over April 2017, with the first report to be published around July. ", "Ms Wallace said there is potential for it to be broadened into a national study in the coming years.", "\n\nSurvey to question ‘negative narrative’ of law grad employability Tom Lodewyke Last Updated: 12 May 2017 Published: 06 March 2017" ]

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[ "Analysis of the habituation-like changes in transmission in the temporodentate pathway of the rat.", "\nHabituation-like decrements in extracellular measures of synaptic activation (population EPSP) and cell discharge (population spike) were analyzed in the dentate gyrus of the rat following repetitive low-frequency stimulation of the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex. ", "Stimulation of either subdivision of the entorhinal projection system resulted in comparable habituation-like response decrements with similar stimulation regimens. ", "However, habituating stimulation of one subdivision did not result in decreased responsiveness to stimulation of the other. ", "Repetitive low-frequency stimulation or even a single pulse delivered to either subdivision did, however, result in a potentiation of granule cell discharge in response to stimulation of the other subdivision (a form of heterosynaptic potentiation). ", "This heterosynaptic potentiation of granule cell discharge was not accompanied by any increase in the extracellular EPSP. ", "Comparisons of the relationship between the population EPSP and population spike before and during habituating stimulation revealed changes in cell discharge in response to the habituating stimulus which could not be accounted for by changes in synaptic activation alone. ", "The results suggest that repetitive activation of the temporodentate pathway alters granule cell output as a result of two processes, a habituation-like decrement in synaptic activation, and a potentiation of granule cell discharge as a consequence of prior activation." ]

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[ "Instructions\nHeat your butter in a small pan over medium-high heat, stirring frequently, until the butter has browned and has a nutty aroma, about 3-5 minutes. ", "Add in your sliced spring garlic and scallions and reduce the heat to medium. ", "Stir until both vegetables have wilted and caramelized a bit, another 3-5 minutes.", "\nCrack your eggs into the pan and cook until the whites are set and the yolks are still wiggly. ", "You can poke the eggs whites around the yolks to speed up the cooking process. ", "Work a spatula around the eggs to loosen them, then place onto a plate and garnish with red pepper flakes and freshly ground black pepper." ]

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[ "Data Mining Email\n\nI once did a contract administrating the network of a small startup company.", "\nThe owner's total existence revolved around the email generated from his\nvarious business relationships and he never made a decision unless the issues were\nfirst detailed in an email. ", "My boss once confided in me of his hatred of his\nemail client because it limited him in the way he could organize his\ninformation.", "\n\nI was so impressed by his desperation that I found myself constantly\nthinking about his dilemma. ", "In time the answer came to me. ", "He needed a data\nmine.", "\n\nWhat is data mining anyway? ", "Data mining is a\nclass of database applications that look for hidden patterns in a group of\ndata.", "\n\nIn writing this article it quickly became apparent that you might need\nseveral pieces of unrelated technical know-how to create a data mine so I ended\nup asking myself \"who am I writing this article for?\". ", "Do I write for the Perl\nprogrammer or the DBA? ", "Programming and managing data don't use the same set of\nskills but they are nevertheless both required. ", "So where does this article\ngo?", "\n\nThis article is for those who need a guide to generating information from\nexisting data and are looking for ideas on how to do it. ", "Thomas Edison once\nsaid that genius was 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration. ", "Here's your 1 percent.", "\n\nThe Scenario\n\nThe objective is to data mine the email that resides in a Mozilla mail box.", "\nWe are especially interested in MS Word .doc attachments. ", "We'll\nparse the email and upload it into a relational database where we can then\nanalyze it.", "\n\nThe Developer's Skillset\n\nPerl-wise, you'll need intermediate programming experience. ", "You'll need to know how to execute command-line utilties within a Perl script. ", "You should be able to install and use Perl modules from the CPAN, and you'll need to be familiar with using PostgreSQL from Perl.", "\n\nRegarding PostgreSQL, you should know how to install PostgreSQL on Linux\neither by using precompiled binaries such as RPMs, Debian packages, and tar balls or by compiling it from source code. ", "If someone else has installed this\nalready, great! ", "You should be familiar with the SQL 92 and SQL 99 standards in\nthat you can create tables, views, constraints, and user-defined functions.", "\n\nOn the command line, you need to know how to pipe standard input and output\nfrom one process to the next.", "\n\nThe Assumptions\n\nI assume you have Perl 5.8.x installed with access to the CPAN configured\ncorrectly. ", "You also need a standard installation of Postgres with minimal\nsecurity options configured. ", "The example Perl script will connect to the\ndatabase via a socket connection, so uncomment the line tcpip_socket =\ntrue in postgreql.conf.", "\n\nFurthermore, the script assumes that the connection requires a password:\n\nI'll assume that we'll use the PostgreSQL superuser account,\npostgres. ", "As well, the mbox file we'll process is\nSent and is in the same directory as the parser script.", "\n\nPart 1. ", "Searching for Mailboxes\n\nThe Mozilla mail client stores its mailboxes under the user's home\ndirectory, usually in ~/.mozilla. ", "Figure 1 shows the different\nmailboxes of an existing profile. ", "The mboxes are those files without any\nextensions. ", "Another hint is to look at the file size; mailboxes are normally\nthe largest files present.", "\n\nFigure 1. ", "Screenshot of a Mozilla mailbox.", "\n\nThe following command lists all the mailboxes in my Mozilla profile account:\n\nThe Tables\n\nThe most important column in the tables is the\nmessageid, which is a unique alphanumeric\ncode that is part of the email message. ", "The tables have been\ndefined such that no data population can occur unless the messageid\nalready exists in the table mailid.", "\n\nThe message body and attachments are to be stored as\nlarge objects. ", "Many of the tables have a column of type oid, which refers to the actual data that is located in\nthe system catalog pg_largeobject.", "\n\nIndexes are created by default in Postgres for each\nprimary key that is defined in a table.", "\n\nThe create tables script will clean the\ndatabase email and create the tables. ", "Invoke it by executing it from the\nconsole:\n\n$ psql -U postgres -f createTables.sql email\n\nPart 3. ", "Developing the Email Parser\n\nInstall the following modules from the CPAN, along with their dependencies:\n\nMail::MboxParser, a simple interface that provides read-only access to Unix-mailboxes\n\nDBD::Pg, the database interface between Perl and the PostgreSQL database.", "\n\nThe mbox parser script first defines some global\nvariables and then establishes a database connection with the PostgreSQL\nserver:\n\nThe main body and attachments of a message are referenced in the\nmain and attachment tables with an oid. ", "Prior to\nversion 7.1, PostgreSQL cannot insert data into a row that exceeds the default\ndata page size of 8192 bytes. ", "To get around this, we'll instead insert this\ninformation as large objects. ", "Upload a large object by using\npsql:\n\ndecode.pl decodes the MIME Base64 message back into its\noriginal binary encoding. ", "There is also a PostgreSQL function for this. ", "The\nprogram then pipes the encoded output into the file utility to\ndetermine if it really is a MS Word document. ", "At the same time, it saves the\ndecoded attachment as the temporary file /tmp/attachment.", "\n\nAny attachment that is identified as a MS Word document with a MIME type of\napplication/MS Word runs through the antiword utility\nto turn it into an ASCII text document. ", "The program then uploads this as a\nlarge object.", "\n\nAll other attachments are saved in the database as large objects in their\noriginal MIME encodings.", "\n\nPart 4. ", "Querying the Database\n\nNow that the information is in the database, the next trick is to retrieve\nit in a way that makes sense. ", "I've created the following queries, based on my\nown database that I used to develop this article.", "\n\nFirst, let's summarize all the email messages that have both a main body and\nan attachment. (", "Refer to the table creation create\ntables script for table details).", "\n\nSELECT m.from_email AS From,\nm.subject AS Subject,\nm.mailbody AS Message,\na.attachment AS Attachment\nFROM main m,\nattachment a\nWHERE m.messageid=a.message\n\nThis will produce output similar to:\n\nFrom\n\nSubject\n\nMessage\n\nAttachment\n\nrobert.bernier5@sympatico.ca\n\nmessage 1\n\n60227\n\n60230\n\nrobert.bernier5@sympatico.ca\n\nmessage 2\n\n60233\n\n60236\n\ncasestudy@postgresql.org\n\nmessage 3\n\n60239\n\n60242\n\ncasestudy@postgresql.org\n\nmessage 4\n\n60245\n\n60248\n\nThe Message and Attachments are oids, or reference numbers, to the large\nobjects now stored in the pg_largeobject catalog.", "\n\nNow, let's list all messages with attachments and identify those attachments\nthat were MS Word documents:\n\nSELECT m.messageid AS \"Message ID\",\na.attachment AS \"Attachment oid\",\nCASE\nWHEN a.mime_type='application/MS Word'\nTHEN 'true'\nELSE 'false'\nEND\nAS \"MS Word attachment\"\nFROM main m, attachment a\nWHERE m.messageid=a.messageid;\n\nThis will produce output similar to:\n\nMessage ID\n\nAttachment oid\n\nMS Word attachment\n\n3FF79F08.6060208@sympatico.ca\n\n60230\n\ntrue\n\n3FF79F29.2090101@sympatico.ca\n\n60236\n\nfalse\n\n3FF7A511.2030104@postgresql.org\n\n60242\n\nfalse\n\n3FF7A52A.8040203@postgresql.org\n\n60248\n\ntrue\n\nYou can return the ASCII text conversion of any MS Word attachment from a\nquery similar to:\n\nRegular Expressions\n\nThis query will count the number of emails with attachments and whose from\naddress begins with the letters ca and end in\norg.", "\n\nSELECT count(m.from_email)\nFROM main m,\nattachment a\nWHERE m.messageid = a.messageid\nAND m.from_email ~ '^ca'\nAND m.from_email ~ 'org$';\n\nCaveats and Suggestions\n\nIn the interests of keeping the Perl script as simple as possible, I've\nassumed that all email attachments arrive encoded in Base64. ", "As well, since I\nwrote the script to follow the flow of this article, the code is a bit clumsy.", "\n\nThe database definitions here only demonstrate where you can make a start.", "\nMaking a database that flies like a jet is an article in itself.", "\n\nSave yourself time and grief by saving SQL queries and definitions in a file\nand then invoking it through the psql client. ", "If you're paranoid, you can put these files under version control\n\nAntiword is a bit quirky in that it will not parse files that\nit considers too small.", "\n\nViewing the Mozilla mbox through its client can be deceiving. ", "It never\nreally removes email from the box even if you've deleted it, so you may well\nsee email in your database that you thought you destroyed months before.", "\n\nYou can export large objects from the database by using the\nlo_export function in the psql client. ", "For example\n\\lo_export 123 temp.txt will save the large object with the oid\nnumber of 132 to a file named temp.txt.", "\n\nConclusion\n\nThere are two parts to a successful data mine; the mechanism that prepares\nthe document and the algorithm that looks for patterns. ", "We've looked at one way\ngetting email into a database but frankly, I haven't given that much coverage on\nthe power of regular expressions in a database environment, although some of\nyou Perl fiends have a pretty good idea of the possibilities." ]

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[ "The adult supervision should have kicked in before Chrome OS got off the ground. ", "Reuters At Google's Chrome OS unveiling last week, CEO Eric Schmidt explained that he never wanted to be in the browser or OS business, and repeatedly tried to talk cofounders Larry Page and Sergey Brin out of it. ", "They simply routed around him, hired a team, and started working anyway.", "\n\nSchmidt was originally hired to provide \"adult supervision\" to the young cofounders. ", "In this case, they should have listened to the grown-up.", "\n\nBased on what Google is showing now, unless they give away Chrome notebooks for free, there's no reason to use one.", "\n\nWhen building a major piece of software like an operating system, companies make a lot of choices. ", "In the case of Windows, Microsoft has chosen to support as much third-party hardware and software as possible, to remain compatible with old applications for a long time, and to incorporate almost every imaginable function.", "\n\nAs a result, Windows does almost everything tolerably well, with occasional tooth-grinding frustrations like slow startup and gradually degrading performance. ", "This in turn has created an entire industry of third-party tools to help you get back to square one, like Sysinternals (eventually purchased by Microsoft). ", "It's like a workhorse pickup truck with 100,000 miles--it might drive you crazy, but it gets the job done and you can usually fix it when it breaks.", "\n\nWith Mac OS X, Apple has focused on ease of use and experience. ", "It does a few things with elegance and grace, but the guts of the OS are hidden from mere mortals and it doesn't work with nearly the range of hardware and software as Windows. ", "It's like a Jaguar: high-performance but a little bit fussy.", "\n\nMost Linux distributions are similar to Mac OS X in their out-of-the-box limitations, with one major difference: if you know enough, you can get them to do almost anything. ", "They're like the kit cars of computing, and will continue to find the same kind of niche audience.", "\n\nBut Chrome doesn't make any sense. ", "It does some things well: starts and resumes quickly, installs applications like lightning, and browses the Web like a champ. ", "But that's because it's not really doing much. ", "There are no native Chrome applications, only Web apps, most of which have little use when you're offline. ", "You can't attach peripherals like printers or cameras. ", "There's no desktop, no way to delete files, and no easy way to access the file system to see where you've stored files on the computer.", "\n\nGoogle has said that Chrome is all about pushing the envelope of the Web by taking advantage of recent technologies that make complicated apps possible, like AJAX and HTML5.", "\n\nFine. ", "The Chrome browser does a great job of supporting Web apps too. ", "So why not use the Chrome browser on an OS that can actually do other things well? ", "Is waiting a minute for Windows to start really that much of a burden?", "\n\nThe whole thing feels like an engineer's experiment, like a car that can go from zero to sixty in under three seconds but doesn't have the burden of brakes or seat belts or a stereo system. ", "If a small startup had come out with this thing, it would have been dismissed as a curiosity.", "\n\nWorse yet, Google has another OS that works very well for highly portable, mostly-connected devices. ", "It's called Android, and after only two years it's become the second most popular smartphone OS in the world.", "\n\nGmail founder Paul Buchheit is right: Google should scrap this product before it gets any farther. ", "Otherwise, they're throwing good money after bad." ]

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[ "Here is a Title\n\nHere is a Title\n\nOur Work\n\nIt has always been our goal to provide the highest quality of work at competitive prices. ", "Our commitment to quality workmanship, integrity, workplace safety and superior customer service enables us to meet the demands of our clients." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Rolls-Royce showcases bespoke, division of creations\n\nRolls-Royce bespoke division, that brand executives have said previously, the Bus is used by almost every single client, is the display of four cars at the Geneva motor show.", "\n\nThe most distinctive is the Dawn Aero Hood, which covers the rear seats of a convertible to a bridge, to the rear of the spurs, mimicking a traditional two-seat roadster in the back of the bridge. ", "The tray is removable, leather-lined, and mostly made from carbon fiber and aluminum.", "\n\nIn a nod to the history of the brand, the first of the tailor-made, short-wheelbase Ghost is called ” The man Tourer. ", "It has custom exterior paint, with gunmetal gray for the body and the satin silver finish to the bonnet. ", "The two-tone scheme is a nod to a client’s interest in aviation, and the paint has been specifically developed for this car.", "\n\nThe next Ghost, named, “Whispered the Muse’, makes use of his table edge “gallery”, behind which the owner can choose to display the works. ", "The work of the designer Helen Amy Murray is shown in this car, with the folds of the silk, representing the tissue which runs behind the Spirit of Ecstasy. ", "The design continues into the tissue of the lining of the door. ", "Some of the interior trim is finished in rose gold, as it is the Spirit of Ecstasy, a first for Rolls-Royce.", "\n\nOn the outside, Rolls-Royce has used a ” crystal effect finish, for which ten layers of paint are applied, as well as a layer of clear-coat infused with glass.", "\n\nThe third Ghost is called ” A Moment in Time, and the features inside the gallery, a piece of aluminum modeled on the shape of the length of the silk suspended in the water. ", "Unique veneer of color to the interior, outside painted to match.", "\n\nThe last Phantom was launched at the end of last year, with first deliveries to customers took place in January. ", "This is the first car from Rolls-Royce of new aluminium architecture “luxury” background, on which all the Rolls-Royce of the generation to come.", "\n\nThat includes the next Cullinan – the brand’s first SUV and its first four-wheel drive of the car. ", "This will build on the Phantom of the appeal, being of the same size and design to the Rolls-Royce of the staple of saloon. ", "The Cullinan will not appear at the Geneva motor show, but should be revealed soon, given that the sales should start before the end of the year.", "\n\nRead more\n\nRolls-Royce bespoke Sweptail takes to the Goodwood race\n\nFuture Rolls-Royce Phantom to go electric\n\nRolls-Royce Sweptail: what it’s like to drive custom one-off\n\nRolls-Royce and the evaluation of options for more ‘ one-off ‘coachbuilds’" ]

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[ "Stigma experienced by caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders: A nationwide multicentric study.", "\nStigma is very common among caregivers of patients with severe mental disorder; however, there is lack of national level data from India. ", "To assess affiliate stigma and its correlates among caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders. ", "For this, caregivers of patients with schizophrenia ( N = 707), bipolar disorder ( N = 344) and recurrent depressive disorder ( N = 352) were assessed on Stigma scale for Caregivers of People with Mental Illness and General Health Questionnaire. ", "Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia reported significantly higher stigma than patients with bipolar disorder and recurrent depressive disorder. ", "Caregiver of patients with bipolar disorder reported significantly greater stigma than the caregivers of patients with recurrent depressive disorder. ", "Higher caregiver stigma in all the diagnostic groups was associated with higher psychological morbidity in caregivers. ", "Higher stigma in caregivers of schizophrenia was seen when the patient had younger age of onset and longer duration of treatment. ", "In the bipolar disorder group, higher stigma in caregivers was seen when patient had higher residual manic symptoms. ", "This study suggests that caregivers of patients with schizophrenia experience higher stigma than the caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder and recurrent depressive disorder. ", "Higher stigma is associated with higher psychological morbidity in the caregivers. ", "Therefore, the clinicians managing patients with severe mental disorders must focus on stigma and psychological distress among the caregivers and plan intervention strategies to reduce stigma." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "CB1 Unanimously Agrees: NYPD Barricades Must Go\n\nCommunity Board 1 unanimously voted last night that the NYPD’s best tool for arbitrarily and indiscriminately restricting public space – their barricades – must go. ", "When Occupy Wall Street began on September 17th, police erected barricades around the Wall Street bull. ", "They never left, but now, well, they have to.", "\n\nAccording to DNAInfo, Ro Sheffe, the committee’s chairman said, “We’re concerned about pedestrian safety, because the barricades push people out into the street. ", "We’re asking that the security measures be mitigated.”", "\n\nArthur Piccolo, the chairman of the Bowling Green Association, who has been outspoken on this issue in the past, agreed that the police are the ones who have made things dangerous. “", "The police have created a dangerous situation. ", "We’re going to have a tragedy here. ", "It’s a chaotic, unreasonable situation.”" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Love (2015 film)\n\nLove is a 2015 erotic drama art film written and directed by Gaspar Noé. ", "The film marked Noé's fourth directorial venture after a gap of five years. ", "It had its premiere at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival and was released in 3D. The film is notable for its unsimulated sex scenes.", "\n\nPlot\nMurphy is an American cinema school student, living in Paris. ", "He had a French girlfriend, called Electra, whom he dated for two years. ", "One day, Murphy and Electra met and had a no-strings-attached threesome with another woman, a young blonde Danish teenager named Omi, as a way to add some excitement to their love life. ", "But later, Murphy had sex with Omi behind Electra's back, as a result of which Omi became pregnant (the condom broke and she is against abortion). ", "This unplanned pregnancy ended the relationship between Murphy and Electra on a horrible note, and it forced Murphy to live with Omi.", "\n\nOn a rainy 1 January morning, Electra's mother, Nora, phones Murphy at the small Paris apartment where he lives with Omi and their 18-month-old son, Gaspar. ", "Nora asks Murphy if he has heard from Electra. ", "Nora has not heard from her for three months; given Electra's suicidal tendencies, Nora is quite worried about her. ", "For the rest of this day, Murphy recalls his relationship with Electra in a series of fragmented, nonlinear flashbacks. ", "Those flashbacks depict their first meeting in Paris; their quick hookup; and their lives over the next two years, which are filled with drug abuse, rough sex and tender moments.", "\n\nCast\n\n Karl Glusman as Murphy\n Aomi Muyock as Electra\n Klara Kristin as Omi\n Ugo Fox as Gaspar (the baby)\n Juan Saavedra as Julio\n Gaspar Noé as Noé\n Isabelle Nicou as Nora\n Vincent Maraval as Castel\n Deborah Revy as Paula\n Stella Rocha as Mama\n Xamira Zuloaga as Lucile\n Benoît Debie as Yuyo\n Omaima S. as Victoire\n\nProduction\nLove is the screen debut of the film's two main actresses, Muyock and Kristin. ", "Noé met them in a club. ", "He found Karl Glusman for the role of Murphy through a mutual friend. ", "The budget of the film was approximately €2.6 million. ", "Principal photography took place in Paris. ", "Noé has said that the film's screenplay was seven pages long.", "\n\nIn a pre-release interview with Marfa Journal, Noé implied that the film would have an explicitly sexual feel. ", "He asserted that it would \"give guys a hard-on and make girls cry\". ", "\n\nThe film is notable for its unsimulated sex scenes. ", "According to NPR, \"roughly half of Gaspar Noe's Love consists of raw, unsimulated sex acts – presented in 3D, no less\". ", "In most cases, the sex scenes were also not choreographed.", "\n\nRelease\nThe week before its debut at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival, the film's U.S. distribution rights were acquired by Alchemy. ", "It was selected to be screened in the Vanguard section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. ", "The film also screened in The International Film Festival of Kerala, held in Thiruvananthapuram.", "\n\nThe film was refused a license to be screened in Russia.", "\n\nReception\nThe film received mixed reviews, with a negative score of 39% on Rotten Tomatoes and an average rating of 5.01/10, sampled from 90 reviews. ", "The website's consensus states: \"Love sees writer-director Gaspar Noé delivering some of his warmest and most personal work; unfortunately, it's also among his most undeveloped and least compelling.\" ", "On Metacritic, the film has a score of 51 out of 100 based on reviews from 27 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\".", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n \n \n\nCategory:2015 films\nCategory:2015 3D films\nCategory:2010s erotic drama films\nCategory:Belgian drama films\nCategory:Belgian erotic films\nCategory:Belgian films\nCategory:Pregnancy films\nCategory:Films about threesomes\nCategory:Films directed by Gaspar Noé\nCategory:Films set in Paris\nCategory:Films shot in Paris\nCategory:French 3D films\nCategory:French erotic drama films\nCategory:French films\nCategory:French-language films\nCategory:Nudity in film\nCategory:Works banned in Russia" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Decadent Brownies\n\nThese brownies are decadent, fudgey, and not too sweet. ", "Made with heart healthy natural cocoa powder, whole wheat flour, omega-3 eggs, and canola oil, they’re a healthier version of the old standard.", "\n\nMakes – 16 – 2 x 2-inch pieces\n\nServes – 1 chocoholic and anyone they wish to share them with\n\nBaking Tips:\n\nWhen you bake you need to be really accurate when it comes to measuring, but when you’re baking brownies, you have to be on top of your game.", "\n\nUse a glass measuring cup for the oil and get down to eye level. ", "Liquids cling to glass so that they form a u-shape. ", "You want the bottom of this u-shape, called a meniscus, to be at the 1/3 cup (75 mL) mark.", "\n\nIf you don’t have any pure vanilla extract, either run out and buy some or skip it. ", "The pure stuff is definitely better in a brownie recipe.", "\n\nAll dry ingredients need to be measured in metal or plastic dry measuring cups.", "\n\nNatural cocoa powder is easy to find if you live in the USA, not so easy here in Canada. ", "Hershey’s makes it and if you can find some, stock up. ", "If not, I use Giddy-YoYo or Camino found in most large grocery stores and in health food stores.", "\n\nIf you want to go way over the top for a chocolaty treat and more calories plus extra fat; just warning you, add ½ cup (125 mL) 60% cocoa mass chocolate chips.", "\n\nAnd remember these are still treats, so don’t hoover the whole thing down under the guise that they’re made with healthy ingredients.", "\n\n1/3 cup (75 mL) canola oil\n\n2 large omega-3 eggs\n\n1 cup (250 mL) granulated white sugar\n\n1 tsp (5 ml) pure vanilla extract\n\n½ cup + 2 tbsp. (", "155 mL) natural cocoa powder, sifted if lumpy\n\n½ cup (125 mL) whole wheat flour\n\n1 tsp. (", "5 mL) baking powder\n\n½ cup (125 mL) 60% cocoa mass chocolate chips, optional\n\nPreheat oven to 325 F (160 C). ", "Line an 8-inch (2-L) metal pan with parchment paper; you will thank me later when you lift the brownies out of the pan unscathed. ", "If you are feeling really daring, wet the parchment paper under running water, wring out well, shake off any excess water and line the pan with it.", "\n\nBeat together the canola oil and eggs. ", "Add the sugar and vanilla and beat till slightly thickened.", "\n\nBake for 21-23 minutes. ", "Not all ovens bake the same. ", "Test the brownies at 21 minutes, using a toothpick or metal tester if the brownies are really gooey, stick them back in the oven for an extra 2 minutes, don’t over bake, they’re supposed to be moist.", "\n\nWhen done, let cool in pan for 10 minutes. ", "Pick up the parchment paper at the sides and lift the brownie out. ", "Finish cooling on a wire rack.", "\n\nCut into 16 equal pieces and serve or store in an airtight container for up to 2 days; like they’re going to last that long.", "\n\n[…] It was bye-bye to full on chocolate and butter and hello to cocoa powder and oil. ", "Eventually those lactose free brownies morphed into a gluten free version that I baked as an experiment on a live episode of My Left […]\n\nSocial Media\n\nEmail Subscription\n\nWant to be the first to know when I've posted? ", "Enter your email here to keep in touch (I promise it's just for me to use)! ", "You'll get an email to confirm your subscription, so be sure to check your email and click the link to complete signup!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Sheharyar Ghani\n\nSheharyar Ghani (; born, 9 September 1985, Karachi) is an international cricketer from Pakistan. ", "He was part of the bronze medal winning team at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China.", "\n\nCareer\n\n2010\nIn November, Ghani was part of the team at the Asian Games in Guangzhou, China which won a bronze medal by beating Sri Lanka in the 3rd place playoffs.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nCategory:1985 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Cricketers from Karachi\nCategory:Pakistani cricketers\nCategory:Karachi cricketers\nCategory:Asian Games competitors for Pakistan\nCategory:Cricketers at the 2010 Asian Games\nCategory:Asian Games bronze medalists for Pakistan\nCategory:Asian Games medalists in cricket\nCategory:Karachi Zebras cricketers\nCategory:Karachi Blues cricketers\nCategory:Karachi Dolphins cricketers\nCategory:Pakistan International Airlines cricketers\nCategory:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Q:\n\nReact error Expected an assignment or function call and instead saw an expression no-unused-expressions while passing props to child component\n\nim getting Expected an assignment or function call and instead saw an expression no-unused-expressions while trying to pass props to child component.", "\nfetchMovie() make axios request to api and returns a valid JSON object.", "\nim trying to pass the object as a prop to child component and im getting this error\nimport React, { Component } from 'react';\nimport { connect } from 'react-redux';\nimport { fetchMovie } from '../actions/movies';\nimport { MovieItem } from './MovieItem';\nimport Spinner from './spinner/Spinner';\nimport PropTypes from 'prop-types';\n\nexport class Movies extends Component {\n\n componentDidMount() {\n this.props.fetchMovie();\n }\n\n render() {\n const { movie } = this.props.movies;\n let movieItem;\n if (movie === null) {\n movieItem = 'loading';\n } else {\n <MovieItem movie={movie} />\n }\n return (\n <div>\n <div className=\"text-center\"><p>{movieItem}</p></div>\n </div>\n )\n }\n}\n\nMovies.propTypes = {\n movies: PropTypes.object.isRequired,\n fetchMovie: PropTypes.func.isRequired\n}\n\nconst mapStateToProps = state => ({\n movies: state.movies\n})\n\nexport default connect(mapStateToProps, { fetchMovie })(Movies);\n\nhow to solve this issue? ", "and what is the error meaning?", "\n\nA:\n\nLook at the render method, in the else branch you create a MovieItem component, but you don't do anything with it. ", "Looking at your code, I guess you need to assign it to movieItem variable, so it gets than rendered in the p element.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Role of nuclear receptors in lung tumourigenesis.", "\nNuclear receptors are a family of ligand dependent transcription factors which have important roles in control of growth and differentiation in many cell types. ", "This review will focus on the role of two members of this family (estrogen receptors and PPARgamma) in the initiation and progression of lung cancer. ", "These receptors have been studied in other types of cancer, and the differences between findings in lung cancer and other malignancies will be discussed. ", "We will also describe recent studies on the basic mechanisms of action of these receptors and suggest novel therapeutic targets. ", "Specifically, there is emerging evidence that these receptors can induce gene expression through both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent pathways, and distinct families of genes are likely to be regulated depending on the mechanism of nuclear receptor signalling. ", "These data suggest that a greater understanding of the basic biology and mechanisms of these receptors is required to develop specific pharmacological agents as therapeutics for cancer. ", "Specifically, the development of selective agonists for these receptors, such as tamoxifen, may lead to more selective engagement of anti-tumourigenic pathways. ", "In addition, combinatorial therapy using selective nuclear receptor activators in conjunction with the recently developed EGF receptor inhibitors (gefitinib, erlotinib) may sensitise cells which are unresponsive to the effects of EGF receptor inhibitors alone, providing powerful new therapeutic strategies." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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