of the 19th century. Finally, an interpretation for materialisms eternal return will be offered. Saulo de Freitas Araujo, PhD, Professor of History and Philosophy of Psychology at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (Department of Psychology). Doctorate in philosophy (State University of Campinas/University of Leipzig). Research interest in history and philosophy of psychology, and the mind-brain problem in philosophy and psychology.The Quantum Soul - A Scientific HypothesisThe concept of consciousness existing outside the body (e.g. near-death and out-of body experiences, NDE/OBEs, or after death, indicative of a soul) is a staple of religious traditions, but shunned by conventional science because of an apparent lack of rational explanation. However conventional science based entirely on classical physics cannot account for normal in-the-brain consciousness. The Penrose-Hameroff Orch OR model is a quantum approach to consciousness, connecting brain processes (microtubule quantum computations inside neurons) to fluctuations in fundamental spacetime geometry, the fine scale structure of the universe. Recent evidence for significant quantum coherence in warm biological systems, scale-free dynamics and end-of-life brain activity support the notion of a quantum basis for consciousness which could conceivably exist independent of biology in various scalar planes in spacetime geometry. Sir Roger Penrose does not necessarily endorse such proposals which relate to his ideas in physics. Based on Orch OR, we offer a scientific hypothesis for a quantum soul. Stuart Hameroff, MD Professor of Anesthesiology and Psychology, and Director of the Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. A clinical anesthesiologist, Hameroff also organizes the well-known interdisciplinary conferences Toward a Science of Consciousness. He has collaborated with the eminent British physicist Sir Roger Penrose on the Orch OR theory of consciousness based on quantum computations in microtubules inside brain neurons. The theory suggests a connection between brain processes and fundamental spacetime geometry, the most basic level of the universe. The Neurobiological Correlates of Meditation and MindfulnessMindfulness refers to a calm awareness of cognitions, sensations, emotions, and experiences. This state is frequently achieved through mindfulness meditation (MM) which is a practice that cultivates non-judgmental awareness of the present moment. MM has also become widely used in a variety of psychological, medical, and wellness populations. Recently, there have been a number of studies that have elucidated some of the neurophysiological processes involved with MM and other similar meditation practices. This paper provides a review of that literature, which includes neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurotransmitter systems, and recent brain-imaging advances.Julio Peres PhD, Clinical Psychologist, PhD in Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Postdoctoral at the Center for Spirituality and the Mind, University of Pennsylvania, and at Radiology Clinic/Neuroimaging Diagnostic, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Researcher at Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Program of Health, Spirituality and Religiousness (PROSER). Research on Mediumship and the Mind-Brain RelationshipMediumship, an experience widespread throughout human history, can be defined as an experience in which an individual (the so-called medium) purports to be in communication with, or under the control of, the personality of a deceased. Since the 19th Century there is a substantial, but neglected tradition of