for Yemen.THE MULUK AT-TAWA'IF,REYES DE TAIFASCordova, Qurt.ubahH.amdin al-Mans.ur1144-1145,1146Ah.mad III Sayfad-Dawla Hudid1145-1146Yah.ya ibn Ghaniya1146-1148Almohad conquest, 1148Valencia, BalansiyyahMans.ur ibn 'Abdallah Qad.i1144-1147Abu 'Abdallah Muh.ammad(Rey Lobo/Lope)1147-1172Hilal1172Almohad conquest, 1172Murcia, Mursiyah'Abdallah ibn 'Iyad.1145-1148'Abdallah ibn Faraj ath-Thaghri1145-1148Abu 'Abdallah Muh.ammadof Valencia1148-1172Almohad conquest, 1172The Banu Ghaniya of MajorcaMuh.ammad al-Mussufiibn Ghaniya1126-1155'Abdallah1155Abu Ibrahim Ish.aq1155-1183Muh.ammad ibn Ish.aq1183-1184'Ali ibn Ish.aq1184-1187'Abdallah ibn Ish.aq1187-1203Almohad conquest, 1203The rapid decline and fall of the Almoravids allowed a revival of the Reyes de Taifas. These were overtaken by the Almohads soon enough, although in the Balaerics the kings of Majorca held out until few days were even left for the Almohads. Aragon had the islands by 1231.MUWAH.ID (ALMOHAD) CALIPHSOF SPAIN & NORTH AFRICA'Abdul-Mu'min1130-1163Yusuf I abu Yaqub1163-1184Ya'qub ibn Yusuf al-Mans.ur1184-1199Muh.ammad ibn Ya'qub1199-1213devastating defeat by ChristianSpain at Las Navas de Tolosa, 1212Yusuf II Abu Yaqub1213-1224'Abdul-Wah.idAbu Muh.ammad1224'Abdallah Abu Muh.ammad1224-1227Yah.ya Abu Zakariyya'1227-1235Idris I ibn Ya'qub1227-1232abandonment of Spain, 1228-1229'Abdul-Wah.id ibn Idris I1232-1242'Ali ibn Idris I1242-1248'Umar ibn Ish.aq1248-1266Idris II ibn Muh.ammad1266-1269North Africa breaks upbetween H.afs.ids, Marinids,& 'Abdul-Wadids (Zayyanids)Almohad Spain ironically was distinguished by intellectual brilliance and by intolerant oppression. Some of the most important Islamic and Jewish philosophers of the Middle Ages lived during the Almohad period. The principal Islamic figures were Ibn Bajja (Avempace, d. 1138), Ibn T.ufayl (Abubacer, d. 1185), and especially, Ibn Rushd (Averroes, 1126-1198). The great Jewish philosophers were Moses Maimonides (1135-1204) and Moses Nahmanides (1194-1270). Ibn Rushd was probably one of the two or three greatest Islamic philosophers ever, and was certainly the most influential on subsequent thought in 13th Century Europe. Maimonides was definitely the most important Jewish philosopher of the Middle Ages. Both men suffered from the religious fanaticism of the Almohad regime. Ibn Rushd was the last Islamic philosopher to rigorously defend Neoplatonic and Aristotelian principles that had come to be regarded as un-Islamic. However, it was his skill as a physician that helped in his ultimate rehabilitation with the Caliph. Maimonides, on the other hand, fled the Almohad persecution of Christians and Jews all the way to Egypt, where he found refuge at the court of Saladin. Nahmanides, on the other hand, was already a denizen of Christian Spain as, in his lifetime, the Almohads lost most of the Spain, abandoned the peninsula, and then were even overthrown in North Africa.The Almohads styled themselves Caliphs, something not always noted in historical summaries of the area. Since they were Orthodox and the Abbasid line in Baghbad had not ended yet (though it would by the end of the dynasty), the precedent must have been the Omayyad Caliphate in Spain -- if there was even a concern with precedent.The Marinid Amirs of Morocco'Abd al-H.aqq I1195-1217'Uthman I1217-1240Muh.ammad I1240-1244Abu Bakr1244-1258'Umar1258-1259Ya'qub1259-1286Yusuf1286-1307'Amir1307-1308Sulayman1308-1310'Uthman II1310-1331'Ali1331-1351Faris1351-1358Muh.ammad II1358-1359Ibrahim1359-1361Tashufin1361'Abd al-H.alim1361-1362Muh.ammad III1362-1366'Abd al-'Aziz I1366-1372Muh.ammad IV1372-1374Ah.mad1374-1384,1387-1393Musa1384-1386Muh.ammad V1386Muh.ammad VI1386-1387'Abd al-'Aziz II1393-1396'Abd Allah1396-1398'Uthman III1398-1420'Abd al-H.aqq II1420-1465The Wat.t.asid Amirs of MoroccoYah.ya Ial-Wat.t.asiregent,1428-1448'Aliregent,1448-1458Yah.ya IIregent,1458-1459interregnum, Idrisid Shurafa, 1465-1471Muh.ammad I1472-1504Muh.ammad II1504-1526'Ali1526, 1554Ah.mad1526-1545,1547-1549Muh.ammad III1545-1547The Sa'did Sharifs of MoroccoMuh.ammad I al-Qa'im al-Mahdi1510-1517Ah.mad al-A'raj1517-1543Mah.ammad ash-Shaykh1517-1557'Abdallah1557-1574Muh.ammad II1574-1576'Abd al-Malik1576-1578Ah.mad1578-1603ZaydanFez, 1603-1604;Marrakech, 1609-1627'AbdallahMarrakech, 1603-1606; Fez, 1606-1609Mah.ammadFex, 1606-1613'AbdallahMarrakech, 1606-1609; Fex, 1609-1623'Abd al-Malik ash-ShaykhFez, 1623-1627'Abd al-Malik an-Nas.irMarrakech, 1627-1631Muh.ammad al-WalidMarrakech, 1631-1636Mah.ammad ash-Shaykh1636-1655Ah.mad ash-Shaykh1655-1659The 'Alawid Sharifs, Sult.ans, & Kings of Morocco, 1640-presentWith the decline of the Almohads, we get North Africa breaking up into familiar parts, Morocco,