thegoodfellas/blogset-br huggingface dataset:
observados na creche ou escola, ou aos formulariospreenchidos pelas professoras e monitores, o comportamento das mesmas criancasnao e o mesmo, muitas vezes nao e nem sequer similar. Algo ainda mais notorio e facilde se compreender sobre formas de agir e pensar diferentes em contextosdesiguais e o caso de filhos de imigrantes. Algo ja mencionado anteriormente:caso o idioma falado em casa nao seja o mesmo da lingua comum do pais, oitaliano de segunda geracao ou mexicano de segunda geracao nao vai encontrarmenor dificuldade em ir para a escola falando o idioma do pais e voltar paracasa e comunicar com a familia em italiano ou espanhol. Mesmo que seus paisnunca tenham sequer tentado lhes ensinar o idioma local, apenas por interagircom as criancas na creche, escola ou bairro, os filhos de imigrante aprendem oidioma local e adquirem inclusive o sotaque local. Obviamente que, se a criancafor para uma escola onde a maioria dos alunos tambem forem filhos deimigrantes, vao ter maior dificuldade em aprender o idioma do pais eprovavelmente vao manter o sotaque dos colegas e/ou pais. Talvez ainda mais surpreendentee o fato de que, filhos de pais surdos (a grande maioria dos surdos casam comoutros surdos) apreendem a falar o idioma de seu pais corretamente e semqualquer sequela (no caso de nao terem nascido surdos, obviamente), o quedemonstra novamente, que e ensinado ou nao em casa pouco ou nada influencia nodesenvolvimento de alguem. Se ha algo que criancas queremser, mais do que em qualquer outra fase na vida, e ser normal. E a forma comoelas entendem o que e ser normal pode ser baseado em diversas formas, porem,geralmente se baseia no comportamento dos seus colegas de classe/creche ou oque vem na televisao ou videogames (dependendo do nivel de realismo destes).Possuir os pais juntos no mesmo ambiente causa um nivel maior ou menor dedesconforto nas criancas, pois nao e claro para elas se devem agir como se eesperado em casa ou como devem agir em companhia dos amigos. Possivelmente isto seja um dosmotivos pelos quais e comum que colegas de trabalho ou de classe geralmente naose tornem amigos de verdade ou entrem em um relacionamento amoroso fora destescontextos: a imagem do trabalho ou da escola ficam associados com a imagemdestas pessoas e, no caso da pessoa em questao nao gostar do ambiente detrabalho ou ambiente escolar, pode lhes trazer memorias e sensacoes ruins. Da mesma forma que e dificilensinar o cachorro a nao subir no sofa (bater no cachorro ou gritar com elequando ele sobe no sofa apenas faz com que ele aprenda que subir no sofa enquanto voce esta olhando e errado),cientistas fizeram diversos estudos nos quais davam oportunidades a criancaspara trapacear em situacoes familiares, escolares e em competicoes esportivas.O que descobriram foi que a mesma crianca que e honesta em casa pode trapacearna escola ou numa competicao esportiva pois, aqui novamente, ambientesdiferentes possuem regras, colegas e culturas diferentes. O poder do contexto e taogrande, que faz com que a metodologia de muitos testes de personalidade setornem imediatamente suspeitos. Por exemplo, o psicologo de personalidade JamesCouncil fez um teste no qual um grande
e pratica comum em diversas especies e talvezainda ocorra em tribos remotas de humanos sem contato com o mundo civilizado. No mundo moderno, existemmilhares de motivos que fazem voce se identificar ou nao com outra pessoa, comopor exemplo, gostar da mesma banda, viver no mesmo estado, assistir os mesmosprogramas de TV, ter votado no mesmo candidato, ser da mesma classe na escolaou faculdade. Muitas destas categorias e muitos grupos humanos possuemcategorias que se sobrepoe e, o mesmo individuo pode pertencer a dezenas decategorias ao mesmo tempo. Numa situacao em que diversosgrupos estao presentes em um mesmo ambiente, com qual nos identificamos, ou nosidentificamos mais? Se um pequeno grupo de seres humanos se encontra em umlocal repleto de animais, uma pessoa pode se identificar como ser humano, emuma sala cheia de pessoas de meia idade e alguns jovens, a mesma pessoa podeidentificar-se mais com jovens e assim por diante. Qualquer caracteristicaque esteja sobressalente no momento tende a ser a que mais nos identificamos nomomento e estas podem ser bastante especificas (um ruivo em uma conferencia, seaproximar mais de outros ruivos, quando na sala a grande maioria e loura, ouirlandeses andarem em grupos ao visitar a Inglaterra, etc.) O interessante da psicologia degrupos e que, em periodos de paz, eles sao ao mesmo tempo amigos ecompetidores: os diferentes membros do grupo competem por recursos, namoradas eoutros, porem, no caso de uma ameaca de outro grupo ou no caso de um objetivocomum, estes imediatamente poe as diferencas de lado e trabalham em equipe. Atemesmo um grupo de macacos age da mesma forma. Assim que o perigo passa ou ogrande objetivo em comum e atingido e outro nao e posto em seu lugar, grupostendem a quebrar em grupos menores, ou mesmo uma colecao de individuos poucosimilares entre si. O mesmo ocorre em relacao ascriancas e seus pais: criancas se veem como um grupo diferente dos crescidose os adultos veem os filhos em uma categoria diferente. Ambos observam um aooutro, porem, possuem normas, expectativas e desejos diferentes. Para fazerisso ainda mais claro e demonstrar ainda mais como a influencia dos pais eminuscula na formacao da personalidade dos filhos, nossas sociedades possuemescolas gratuitas e a obrigam os pais a enviarem os filhos para as escolas,onde estes encontram outros da mesma idade e passam grande parte da sua vidacom outros como eles, exacerbando ainda mais as diferencas e deixando aindamais obvio para as criancas a que cultura e normas elas participam. Da mesma forma que nossosantepassados em tribos de cacadores-coletores, o grupo que mais importa psicologicamentepara as criancas sao outras criancas, e com elas que sao socializadas. A persistente ideia de que arelacao que a crianca tem com os pais e principalmente com a mae sao a fundacaopela qual ela aprende a se relacionar com o restante das pessoas tambem pareceser um mito. A especie de relacionamento que temos com nossos pais e bastanteespecifico do ambiente familiar e nao muito se assemelha a outras formas derelacionamento que vamos encontrar ao longo de nossas vidas. Isso, porem, nao muda o fato deque o bebe espera receber atencao de alguem ou
a fazer suas vidasfamiliares mais felizes e completas, porem, que temos pouquissima influencia emcomo a vida de nossos filhos sera fora de casa e como eles vao ser quandocrescer. Honestidade, trabalho duro ededicacao nao previnem que nossos filhos se tornem fracassados e, negligenciarou abusa-los, enquanto garante uma vida familiar miseravel, nao necessariamenteimpede nossos filhos de encontrar sucesso na vida. Afinal, criancas existem nopresente, sendo este incompleto. E o futuro ja comecou.
like America andBritain:Sato Taro hasbeen described as bright and conscientious, a salary man who works in aresearch laboratory for the Company, He has just made a technologicalbreakthrough. For this triumph he is given some credit, but his abilities willnot be valued far above those of his coworkers. Messrs. Suzuki, Takahashi, andother workers in the field earned enough profits for the Company to finance thesuccessful research. Sato-san owes a great deal to those who assisted in thelab. It is assumed that he achieved the breakthrough by means of cooperationfrom all, including blue collar workers in the Company. Credit also goes toPersonnel, the office that assigned him to the project, and to his Director,who supervised his work. If Sato-san comes to assume that it was hisaccomplishment and he speaks out in this vein, he will elicit so much hostilityas to be uncomfortable remaining with the Company. Nomatter how outstanding, he probably cannot get a job with the Other Company,which certainly does not want a troublemaker. This highsocial cohesion where one is not expected to think too highly of oneself comesalso with an expectation for modesty and benevolence from the higher managementin business and/or high echelon political figures: the boss is the one whoultimately decides and his decision is final with no room for complaining,however, before the decision is reached, it is expected that the leader listensto and take into consideration everyones opinions on the question at play which can result in a very slow process of decision making and implementation. The lastchapter talks about the image that Japan as a country has around the world,which is generally not a very sympathetic one as other countries tend to see Japanas too nationalistic; in the sense of having a closed society and huge tradebalance surpluses because of their protectionist economic policies and highproductivity. Because thisis the first book I have ever read fully about Japan, there is not much I cancompare it too. Nevertheless, Japan:Profile of a Postindustrial Power seems to be a solid book with manyinteresting and insightful passages about Japanese history, its peoplesmentality and culture, as well as the countrys economy and politics. For thoselooking for a good introduction book about Japan, here is a positive option tolook at.
nao ser que os Estados Unidosse transforme em um governo bastante autoritario, a situacao demografica, afragilidade economica e a intensa polarizacao politica e racial transformarao opais em um pais de Terceiro Mundo. As outras possibilidades sao guerra racialou o quebramento do pais em diversos Estados menores. Em uma conversa pessoal com oautor enquanto eu estava dirigindo e procuravamos por um bar ou restaurantepara nos sentarmos e conversar, ele mesmo concordou com minhas conclusoes.Jared Taylor me disse que teve que moderar o tom e escrever algumas coisas quenao concordava durante o livro para que a editora aceitasse publica-lo. HojeTaylor possui sua propria editor e nao mais tem de se preocupar com isso. Ainda assim a leitura eproveitosa, informativa e depressiva pois, infelizmente, pouco mudou em relacaoaos assuntos tratados no livro de 1992 para 2015.
Once ina while there are some books that we simply have a hard time putting down andget an empty feeling after they are over. For anyone with even the slightestinterest in the Japanese as a people or their culture, Shadows of the Rising Sun is certainly a book in this category. Theauthor was born and raised in Japan until he was 17 years old to Americanparents. His unique perspective of being a foreigner born and raised in Japanwho also knows a great deal of Japanese culture, history and language allowshim to give a very vivid image of the country and its people. The book relies mostly onhistory, anecdotes and circumstantial evidence to portray the Japanese withonly occasional polling and other scientific studies. While it would have beenhelpful to have some more statistics, polling and other data available, theanecdotes, occasional jokes, theories and overall narratives make a verysatisfying and informative experience that both entertains and educates thereader. The reader is also sure to learn some Japanese words by the time hefinishes reading. Being written in the early1980s, a time where Japan had astonished the world with its rapid economicgrowth from the ashes of World War II and many in the West were activelystudying Japan to try to understand its secrets and perhaps emulate them, Mr.Taylor goes against the current. The basic premise of the book is that Japan isnot and cannot be a role model for the Western World because it became what itis due to a complex history and set of conditions that made it develop intowhat it currently is, and, he argues, that while on the surface the Japanesemight seem like only westernized Asians, they are actually much more differentthan what we can see with the naked eye. Westerners that think they know Japanthrough its cartoons, or animes, areespecially prone for a shock over how traditional the Japanese still are. The Japanese have one of thehighest average IQs of any human population and the challenging geography oftheir country with its few resources and plenty of natural disasters selectedfor a highly united and hierarchical people that have a very exacerbated senseof uniqueness and distinction from other folks and countries. The very limitedimmigration allowed for a continuous populace with a sense of cohesiveness,continuity and shared genes where everyone sees himself as a member of a greaterfamily. *** This homogeneity meansthat foreigners, usually whites, quickly stand out, being most commonly called gaijin. The Japanese are on one handfascinated by themselves with book stores overflowing with works aboutthemselves that can include some really over the top titles like The Japanese Nose, and From Apes to the Japanese, and, on theother hand they are very curious and somewhat scared of foreigners. Outside ofthe more tourist or business areas of Tokyo the gaijin get tired of being the center of attention as everyone fromlittle kids to adults stop what they are doing to point fingers and say Gaijin! Gaijin! Gaijin! whenthey are spotted. This complex mix of sentimentsof fascination and fear meant that little after the Europeans first entered incontact with the Japanese led by the Portuguese,
mentioned elsewhere is that Japans economy isdivided into two tiers. The first class one, giants like Toyota, Honda or Sony,that have the ultra-modern equipment, are very clean and contains all the mostknow Japanese firm characteristics and, there is the second tier, the dirty,ill equipped industries that poorly train their workers and usually supplytemporary or contract jobs for the richer companies. Contractors and especiallytemporary workers are looked down and do not have all the benefits that actualemployees have. Most of the Japanese firms are in number the latter and inmarket share the former. Most of the followinginformation is more representative of the first tier industries, as the secondtier ones often lack the resources to make those possible. Japanese companies are known fornot firing their employees even during recessions. On the other hand, they expecta very serious commitment of their workers. They only hire recent graduatesfrom high school or college, and exclusively for entry-level positions once ayear in the same lot. Once inside, the workers are to work as a family stickingtogether and moving up together. Also they rotate functions from time to time,as to have a more complete understanding of how the factory works. This,together with seniority being the most important aspect for promotions resultsin the higher ups having a close to complete knowledge of the many areas of hiscompany and also a lot of sympathy for the newer hires as they were previouslyin their positions. The Japanese management and theirstyle is nearly the complete opposite of the Anglosphere version of it:managers are usually leaders instead of bosses. They might have their ownoffices but those are used mostly to receive guests, supervisors and evenhigher ups are on the assembly line or in a desk right with their workers,getting their hands dirty and often leading by example instead of just orderingothers around. While in America or Britain it often happens that the kidswith the reputable college degrees, solid work performance or connections findthemselves to be the bosses of an older work force with more time on thecompany than themselves, in Japan the bosses almost certainly came from thebottom and have more company time than their subordinates, which automaticallyearns them respect. That makes Americans or Britons more likely to beostentatious to earn respect of their employees: a big desk, two secretariesand others are often used as status symbols. The Japanese simply do not needthat and adopt the philosophy of to be rather than to seem. Other major difference is thedecision process. Being a manager or even a CEO in Japan is more of aceremonial and honorific position than an actual powerful one. It has morebenefits and its perks, however, even the pay is not that much different fromother workers. The Japanese CEO averages only 11 times the pay of an assemblyline worker, when in the United States the CEO earns on average 475 times thepay of an entry-level worker. In Japan, the decision process is a bottom up oneinstead of a top down one, which still ends up with the CEOs having the finalword, but this one is more a symbolic one than an actual
their workers might spendvacations or weekends together. In something that might seem truly bizarre forus in the West is how companies often pay higher ups in the company, especiallyin negotiation positions to go to hostess bars a very popular thing for thosewho can afford it, with their possible clients. Hostess bars are extremelyexpensive places bars where each client (almost always a man as women usuallyare assigned dead-end low importance jobs) is assigned a hostess that sits withhim, lights his cigarettes, engage in cheesy small talk and pretend to laugh tohis jokes while light pawing happens. The hostess bar is meant to forgerelationships between the possible business partners and no actual negotiationsor sex occurs in the place. As mentioned before, this is important because theJapanese seem to need to be a nakama,or virtual blood related group as a condition sine qua non they cannot operate effectively. Of course not everything isperfect and there is a lot of imitation of other companies that happens to thealways consensus looking Japanese. If two or three main competitors did one thing,it is because it is the right thing to do... Right? Other weak point, that at leastused to exist and to astonish westerners was the lack of a retirement plan.When workers retire, or are forced to retire due to their age, they onlyreceive a lump sum amount and nothing else. Most of the elderly have to getanother job or depend on their children after their company days are over. Thatis probably one of the reasons that contributes for the average Japanesehousehold to save fully 30 percent of their income. After discussing about theJapanese economy, Mr. Taylor turns to the Japanese attitude about sex and sexroles. Of all aspects of Japan this seems to be the one that people most oftenget wrong, perhaps because of the wide availability of Japanese porn both inmovies and cartoons (hentai) that areso popular throughout the world. What does not help in thisdiscussion is that for even for the Japanese themselves it must be a reallyconfusing topic: (censored) sexual imagery is even more prevalent than in theWest but sexual activity is much lower and as a whole the society is much moreconservative. This is not a mere impression, as worldwide studies show thatAsians in general and the Japanese in particular have very low levels ofpremarital sex, very low frequency of sex inside the marriage and savingvirginity until marriage is still common in fact, surveys show that more thana quarter of unmarried men and women above 30 are still virgins! Prostitution is illegal in Japanand nudity is censored everywhere, even in porn movies. Strip clubs exist andare popular, but the strip dancers cannot remove their panties. Bordellos doexist and have exotic themes, like ones that resemble a hospital and have allwomen dressed as nurses, but there are no penetration rules, even though theymight not always be enforced. The part that often strikes foreigners as strangeis how can there be so much porn movies and hentais,often of a violent nature and easily accessible, but with such a rigid andcrude censorship where there is a complete
ban on genitals and pubic hair. In part because of the ultimateform of expression in Japan is implicit communication and in part because ofthe complete censorship of genitals, a lot of the sexual content in Japan issuggested instead of explicit. And this paradoxical attitude and sentimentabout sex results in the very strange situation where despite the fact thatrape in porn is such a fetish and in crowded places like in the metro gropingis a very common everyday occurrence, actual rape is almost inexistent in Japanas it has one of the lowest rates in the world. Below this surface we can seethat Japan is actually a very traditional society, where half of the marriagesare still arranged. There seems not to be much rebellion against arrangedmarriages and it is in fact so common that the ones that are not arranged arecalled love marriages. Arranged marriages are especially common for familieswho only have daughters, because in the Japanese Shinto tradition perpetuating thebloodlines and family name is seen as a sign of respect for ones ancestors.Like here, women usually are the ones who adopt the husbands name, but in somerare cases (again like here) the men might adopt the wifes name. This usuallyhappens in a family where the husband has a brother or more that will carry thename forward and the wife has no male siblings, being that the only way toperpetuate her familys surname. After marriage most women quittheir jobs if they ever had one and become full-time moms later on, beingexpected to do all the shores and parenting. Men who change dippers or dodishes are seen as effeminate and not to be trusted. There is also no chivalry inJapan like carrying the bags or holding doors opened. Romance is not expectedor common in Japan: women are expected to act in admiration with a submissiverole and frail attitude to their husbands, also acting as moms when thehusband is ill or perhaps feeling very down. Based on international surveys andother data, cheating is not that high in Japan but men usually do not even tryto conceal it, generally being one night stands and with professionals orwomen that do not participate in the normal boundaries of morality. Hostessbars or Turkish baths are usually the choice, and again, they are fundamentallydifferent from the West in the sense that tenderness is expected instead of amechanical thing. Both at least pretend while in the professional environmentto be interested in the client and admiring him. Sex itself might not evenhappen or might happen outside of those places as there are no penetrationrules in brothels and Turkish baths (even though they might not be alwaysenforced). Women are generally faithful and if they are not and are caught... Allhell breaks loose. There is a huge inferioritycomplex on the part of Japanese men in relation to Caucasians. Orientals haveon average much smaller penises than whites and many seem to think thatEuropeans might also be much better in bed than them. The paranoia reachesproportions where some might believe that if a Japanese woman ever experimentswith a Westerner they will never appreciate them again. This is
free-trade and political corruption, the authors nextbook, Paved With Good Intentions isfocused on white and black race relations in America. Generally speaking an excellentand fascinating book about Japan, Shadowsof the Rising Sun should be a required reading for anyone interested inJapan and the Japanese, as it is only learning about the differences in othersthat we can truly identify and value ourselves.
teorias de dificil entendimento. Nao obstante,tal fato e uma faca de dois gumes pois, se o objetivo do leitor e entender deforma mais profunda a situacao demografica dos Estados Unidos, este livroapenas lida com as primeiras camadas mais evidentes do assunto.Donald Trump.
tratamento mais justo que a de Hitler no sentidode que o autor tende a nadar mais contra a corrente do aceito e dopoliticamente correto do que o que faz com o nacional-socialismo. De novo, istoprovavelmente ocorre por causa que revisionistas do periodo nacional-socialistatendem a ser demitidos, ameacados de morte e ter a vida arruinada. Quem sabe emum futuro nao muito distante o politicamente correto desabe e autores possamescrever livros tambem sobre o Terceiro Reich sem medo pelas suas carreiras evidas pessoais? Nao ha qualquer duvida de queambos os regimes cometerem crimes terriveis, porem a unica forma com quepodemos ter certeza da magnitude de tais crimes e tambem de seus sucessos e a liberdadede pesquisa e de opiniao sobre o passado de forma que possamos trazer luz aopresente e ao nosso futuro.