influenciar a maneira como receitam medicamentos.A maioria dos medicos listados nos dados (em que se baseia a lei) "Sunshine" recebeu apoio muito modesto - na forma de brindes, como canetas com logotipos de farmaceuticas ou "almocos sanduiches", uma moeda de troca usual quando representantes de vendas visitam medicos ocupados. No entanto, alguns estudos academicos sugerem que esses itens criam lacos de amizade que podem induzir os medicos a receitar medicamentos, mesmo aqueles para os quais as evidencias cientificas subjacentes sao frageis.Um nivel acima desse tipo de pratica, registram-se grandes pagamentos a medicos palestrantes em conferencias medicas. Alguns beneficiarios reconheceram que o resultado subconsciente foi de transforma-los em advogados dos medicamentos dos que os patrocinam.Christopher Loder, um porta-voz da Pfizer, disse que a empresa continua sustentando o merito de suas relacoes com os profissionais de saude: "Atraves de nossas interacoes aprendemos valiosas informacoes que podem nos ajudar a servir melhor medicos e pacientes, e compartilhamos informacoes que os profissionais de saude podem usar para tomar decisoes mais bem fundamentadas nos tratamentos." _________________________________________________________________________________A dozen major pharmaceutical companies have paid more than $ 150 million this year, doctors in the U.S., according to intensify the focus on lack of supervision of the lack of transparency in the much discussed marketing practices and financial support to doctors.The figures show the size of the funds made available to doctors for spending on entertainment, travel, consulting, education and research support, a process that the pharmaceutical industry claims to be ethical and produce positive results for health, but which, they argue, creates the risk of influencing which drugs are prescribed by doctors.Although some large companies such as Sanofi, have not released any data until now, companies that have done so registered, collectively, payments of $ 437 million to 262 000 doctors last year. Data predominantly from the first quarter of this year show that more than $ 148 million were given to 165 000 doctors so far, including $ 48 million from Eli Lilly and $ 42 million from Pfizer.Analysis of the Financial Times, prepared jointly with the PharmaShine, data provider, based on public disclosures made by companies in the context of individual agreements and legal requirements that must be converted into law and will be valid for the U.S. pharmaceutical industry.This is a time of intensified surveillance of marketing practices, while government agencies are concluding that the guidelines become mandatory from 2013, the publication of data on financial support to the sector, as part of reforms in the sector in the U.S..The aim of the publication of the data is to allow law enforcement agencies, medical institutions and patients can see better relations between doctors and companies, but the extent of disclosure and how it is presented varies widely, making the analysis.Coukell Allan, director of the Pew Prescription Project, an institute of drug safety watchdog, said: "It is necessary that the medical community to work in association with the pharmaceutical industry in research, but the marketing model is problematic. The first step is transparency, and we even got there. "GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), a defendant in several lawsuits, has limited