involves the cell producing enzymes that specifically degrade oxidized or otherwise damaged intracellular molecules.Mitohormesis is defense response, which is believed to occur within the mitchondria, the energy factory of the cell. The mitohormesis theory proposes that calorie restriction is a type of low-intensity stress that activates genes involved in defensive responses against aging processes such as oxidation. The mitohormesis concept has been demonstrated in studies of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which showed that limiting the amount of glucose being fed to the worm resulted in oxidative stress, to which the organism responded by adapting so as to resist further oxidative stress. This extended its lifespan.Some well-known Calorie Restriction (CR) DietsOkinawa Diet: This is a diet high in fish, rice, and yellow and green vegetables, many of them fermented. The Japanese as a whole eat fewer calories than do Americans. But the Okinawans eat even less. Compared with the average Japanese caloric intake, the Okinawa diet has:20% fewer calories25% fewer grains75% less sugar300% of level of green/yellow vegetables, especially sweet potatoessmall amounts of fish and pork, including pig organsno eggs or dairyCRON-diet (Calorie Restriction with Optimal Nutrition) was developed by Roy Walford, Lisa Walford and Brian Delaney. They advocate a plan involving three meals per day. Two of these meals are free choice recipes. The third is prepared in advanced according to recommended recipes to ensure adequate micronutrients. Meals are carefully weighed and assessed for calorie content. The CRON-diet is popular among members of the Calorie Restriction Society.Intermittent FastingA number of studies have shown that fasting for short periods of time, generally less than 2-3 days, produce many of the same health benefits as general calorie reduction, without having to reduce the average number of calories consumed per week. However, many adherents of intermittent fasting find that their average calorie intake tends to decrease voluntarily; in other words, they tend not to make up for lost time on their non-fasting days. And many people (myself included) feel that it is psychologically more tolerable to alternate fasting with the ability to eat to fullness, rather than restricting calories at every meal. In addition, there are some scientific arguments that favor a cycling approach for optimizing the secretion of hormones such as leptin, and for avoiding a long term adaptive reduction in basal metabolic rate. If you are afraid that skipping meals will cause your metabolism to shut down and shift into starvation mode, dispel that thought. A study by Zauner et al in the Journal of Clinical Nurtrition showed metabolic rate actually increases during fasting up to 4 days, due to a more than doubling of norepinephrine. So fasting for 6-24 hours hours has no downside.Above content from Todd Beckers Calorie restriction and hormesis blog post. If you like watching video talks, there are 5 Becker videos embedded in this post.- See more at: http://www.ulaar.com/2013/10/21/intermittent-fasting-for-health-and-longevity/#sthash.aOr6qsc6.dpuf Michael Mosley: 'The Fast Diet' Author On Self-Experimentation, Fasting And Coming To America The Huffington Post | By Meredith Melnick 3706266766115Get Healthy Living Newsletters: Subscribe Diet, Pbs Fast Diet, The Fast Diet Michael Mosley, The Fast Diet Plan, Healthy