myself in them ... my girlishness, my knowingness and my innocence."[239] Her "Material Girl" music video recreated Monroe's look in the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend", from the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. She studied the screwball comedies of the 1930s, particularly those of Lombard, in preparation for the film Who's That Girl. The video for "Express Yourself" (1989) was inspired by Fritz Lang's silent film Metropolis (1927). The video for "Vogue" recreated the style of Hollywood glamour photographs, in particular those by Horst P. Horst, and imitated the poses of Marlene Dietrich, Carole Lombard and Rita Hayworth, while the lyrics referred to many of the stars who had inspired her, including Bette Davis, described by Madonna as an idol.[70][245] Influences also came to her from the art world, most notably through the works of artist Frida Kahlo.[246] The music video of the song "Bedtime Story" featured images inspired by the paintings of Kahlo and Remedios Varo.[247] She is also a collector of Tamara de Lempicka's art deco paintings and has included them in her music videos and tours.[248] Her 2003 video for "Hollywood" was an homage to the work of photographer Guy Bourdin; Bourdin's son subsequently filed a lawsuit for unauthorised use of his father's work.[249] Pop artist Andy Warhol's use of sadomasochistic imagery in his underground films were reflected in the music videos for "Erotica" and "Deeper and Deeper".[250] However, Madonna's film career has been largely received negatively by the film critic community. Stephanie Zacharek, critic for Time magazine, stated that, "[Madonna] seems wooden and unnatural as an actress, and it's tough to watch, because she's clearly trying her damnedest."[251] According to biographer Andrew Morton, "Madonna puts a brave face on the criticism, but privately she is deeply hurt."[251] After the 2002 box office bomb Swept Away, Madonna vowed that she would never act in a film, hoping that her repertoire as a bad actress will never be discussed again.[251]Madonna is dedicated to Kabbalah and in 2004, she adopted the name Esther which in Persian means "star".[252] She has donated millions of dollars to New York and London schools teaching the subject.[252][253] She faced opposition from rabbis who felt Madonna's adoption of the Kabbalah was sacrilegious and a case of celebrity dilettantism. Madonna defended her studies, saying "It would be less controversial if I joined the Nazi Party", and that her involvement with the Kabbalah is "not hurting anybody."[254] The influence of the Kabbalah was subsequently observed in Madonna's music, especially albums like Ray of Light and Music.[252] During the Re-Invention World Tour, at one point in the show, Madonna and her dancers wore t-shirts that read "Kabbalists Do It Better".[252]Music videos and performances Madonna and her dancers voguing at the 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour. She made her live performances as reenactment of her music videosIn The Madonna Companion, biographers Allen Metz and Carol Benson noted that more than any other recent pop artist, Madonna had used MTV and music videos to establish her popularity and enhance her recorded work.[255] According to them, many of her songs have