The advances around digital inclusion in Brazil are still incipient and precarious, both in terms of verification of such advances and in scope.The assessment and collection of indicators are usually very difficult to make. One of the few studies conducted in Brazil on the subject and, therefore, the benchmark adopted by most researchers, is theDigital Divide Map (Mapa da Exclusao Digital).Developed by the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV), the study was held in 2003 as the first significant survey on the matter, based on data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). It was the first detailed study to construct a profile of various social groups in Brazil around the contemporary phenomenon of the digital divide.It was noted at the time that only 12.46 per cent of the Brazilian population had access to computers and the number of Internet users was even lower, at 8.31 per cent.Digital apartheidThe FGV data confirmed the existence of a digital apartheid in Brazil, by showing that the typical computer user is white (for every 3.5 white individuals there was only one black), living in large cities in South and Southeast of the country and with income above the national average, and 12 years of formal study.According to the survey, computer and internet use was greater amongst the so-called Class A, the top of the Brazilian wealth pyramid, with 89 per cent of all users. The proportion is significantly lower amongst the Class B (56 per cent). It is even more reduced when it comes to lower-income individuals from the Classes C (16 per cent) and D (two per cent).This situation shows that the so-called digital apartheid has not been surpassed, since the overwhelming majority of the population lives with the digital divide problem.Overall, the survey results indicate important trends that should be taken into account by policies related to digital inclusion. The exclusion is closely linked to income, region and education of potential users. Families with higher incomes own the necessary devices and broadband access.Therefore, such structural factors lie at the core of the digital divide. In order to enable the massification of the Internet, digital inclusion public policies should focus on access from public spaces that could belong to the state or not.Successful initiativesIn this context and since the late 20th century, both the Brazilian state and society have produced a series of successful initiatives based on local leadership to mitigate the digital divide.In 2000, the first experiments in community telecenters without any government support took place inthe city of Sao Paulo, in the Capao Redondo district . The trials came out of a partnership between the Institute of Social Policies Florestan Fernandes and the NGO Sampa.org.The first such venue put together with the support of the mayors office, the Telecentro Chico Mendes, was launched in 2001 in Porto Alegre, the capital of the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul.The municipalities of Porto Alegre and Sao Paulo are pioneers in launching digital inclusion schemes at a local level. Such initiatives are grounded in the assumption involvement and participation of the Third Sector entities