thegoodfellas/blogset-br huggingface dataset:
Os primeiros sinais sao sempre os mesmos ao longo da historia da humanidade e em todas religioes ou sistemas religiosos : busca a solidao ; pensamentos profundos ou na maior parte do tempo em estado meditativo ; ar distante e tambem da grande massa ; esta sempre " 'a um passo da transcendencia " pois e o que lhe move ; as vezes profetico (intuitivo) . Dharma significa simplesmente ser o que Deus determina (seu dom - aquilo que voce "nasce sabendo"): e o que seu intimo pede ; o trabalho esta em acordo, em sintonia com o que seu interior pede. Nas sociedades antigas, o sistema de castas refletia uma ordem Divina na terra , resumida como na frase : ""assim na Terra, como no Ceu"". A degeneracao surge quando troca-se o deus cosmico (dom pessoal) pelo deus materialista criado pelo homem : o dinheiro ( deu$): as classes economicas prenunciam um ciclo de declinio e dissolucao. INITIATION OF THE MIGRATION AND SEPARATION OF INDO-EUROPEANS BY A CATASTROPHIC FLOODING OF THE BLACK SEA REGION Yavor Y. Shopov, .odor Yalamov, Petko Dimitrov and Dimitar Dimitrov Abstract: Geological data suggest an exceptionally large natural catastrophe in the Black Sea region. Before it Black Sea was a fresh water lake with coasts 90 m below the recent sea level. We present a number of climatic, oceanographic, linguistic, calendar and archaeological evidences that this event can be linked to the Bible (Noahs) Flood. This catastrophic rapid flooding of the Black Sea by the Mediterranean Sea waters was dated in by 14. at 7 560 50 cal. yrs BP. It flooded 160000 km2 and destroyed settlements of the early civilizations around the Black Sea coast. At that time here were settled Indo-Europeans. Catastrophic flooding of the region appear to initiate their migration and separation in groups like German, Thracian, Illyrian, Greek, etc. tribes. We mapped the migration of some of them on the map of Eurasia by precise positioning of the established 4399 toponims and hydronames formed on the base of their ethnic names derived from processing and linguistic analysis of 6 900 000 toponims and hydronames. Key words: Black Sea Flood, human migrations, Indo-Europeans, Holocene, sea level. 1. Introduction There is strong evidence of a major flooding of the Black Sea area ca. 7500-7600 cal yr BP (Dimitrov et al. (1979) and Dimitrov (1982)). There is convincing evidence of a mass migration of people out of this general area to India (Gimbutas, 1985, Kortlandt 1990, Quintana-Murci 2004, Shopov and Yalamov, 2004, Shopov, 2008). This paper will examine the evidence for the flooding triggering the migration and also examine the extent of the migration. Possibility this event is the "Biblical Flood". Critical analysis of the new geological and archeological data and the ancient Flood mits can relate the Black Sea Flood to the Noahs Flood (Ryan & Pitman, 1998; Dimitrov & Dimitrov, 2004). In the last 10 years there was a number of expeditions in the Black Sea searching for remains of pre-flood settlements around the former sea coast, now about 100 meters below the sea
level (fig.1). Several of them were led by prof. Robert Ballard who located remains of Titanic. Figure 1. Coastal lines of the Black Sea before and after its flooding by Mediterranean Sea (after Dimitrov and Dimitrov, 2004) 1. Early Holocene fresh water Black Sea 2. Black Sea coast before the Flood 3. Black Sea after the Flood 4. Hypothetical settlements before the Flood The Biblical Noahs Flood story is exact copy of much older manuscripts but with changed names of the personages and geographic places of the described events (Hilprecht, 1910). It appears to be that the earliest version of the Deluge story was found on two clay tablets excavated from the Older Nippur library in Tablet Hill, Nippur by H. Hilprecht. These two tablets with cuneiform inscriptions were written by the king of Kuti (Guti) Erridu-pizir in his royal statement after he conquered the whole Sumer and Akkad ........ .. ..... .. ....... ..... 2012 .......... .......... .. ..... (including Nippur) in 2478 B.C. after Nippur chronology. Even the Flood story in the Sumerian epic Gilgamesh is reproduced from these texts (Hilprecht, 1910). They state that the house-boat of the Ut-napishtim (the Babylonian Noah) landed on the mount Nisir in the land of Kuti (Guti). Shopov (2001) demonstrated that ethnic name Kuti is older version of the ethnic name Kutiguri (the biggest branch of ancient Bulgarians living in the Great Bulgar in VIVII-th century AD). The affix -guri means people or nation in ancient Bulgarian language, i.e. Kutiguri means Kuti people (Dobrev, 1995). This links the ancient Bulgarians with the land of Kuti where landed the house-boat of Ut-napishtim. Therefore we studied the ancient locations of the Kuti by toponims and hydronames they left in Iran. We placed them on the map of Iran to obtain a map of their settlements. Ethnic name Kuti is equivalent to Guti due to the same letter recording sounds Ku-and Gu-in the Akkadian cuneiform inscriptions used by them (Laessoe, 1963). Therefore some authors read their name as Kuti, while others as Guti. Biblical Noahs Flood story describes one phenomenon with two major components: (1) enormously high rainfall during 40 days and nights in result of which occurs: (2) drastic rapid sea level rising. Such enormous rainfall in the past like (1) is first registered by Shopov et al., (1996) as recorded by rapid increasing of the growth rate of a speleothem in result of faster precipitation of speleothem calcite produced by much greater rainfall, suggesting that enormous rainfalls flooded the Black Sea basin at 5600-5500 cal. years B.P.. Shopov et al., (1996) first relates this event to the Biblical Flood, altough they did not provided any evidences of the process (2). Ryan et al. (1997) related the rapid sea level rising (2) in the Black Sea as established by (Dimitrov et al., 1979, Dimitrov et al., 1982) with the Biblical (Noahs) Flood, but they did not provided any evidences of process (1). Combining of these independent evidences of processes (1) and (2) Shopov et al. (1997, 2003) suggested that Biblical Flood scenario described quite well
a real natural event occured in the Black Sea region. Dating of the two independent data sets of: (I) Shopov et al., (1996) at 5600-5500 cal. years B.C. and of (II) Dimitrov et al. (1979), Dimitrov (1982) and Ryan et al. (1997) coincides in the frames of the experimental error, basing the statement of Shopov et al. (1997), Ryan & Pitman (1998) and Dimitrov and Dimitrov (2004) that the Biblical (Noahs) Flood occured in the Black Sea region at that time. Exactly at that time started separation and formation of the different branches of the Indo Europeans in result of their migration from the Black sea region (Wiik, 1999, Shopov and Yalamov, 2004). This allows us to rise and study the hypothesis that the Black Sea Flood initiated the migration of the Indo Europeans (including Vedic Aryans to India). This is the subject of this paper. 2. Evidence for the Flood and its Timing. Evidences supporting the hypothesis that the Biblical Noahs Flood story describes a natural phenomenon that happened in the Black Sea are: 2.1. Marine evidences from Black Sea: a. Sapropel sediments are one of the most important geological and paleo-ecological evidences of the catastrophic character of the event. Being products of mass dying of phytoplankton and zooplankton, they testify for a contrasting regime of sedimentation. Waters flowing into the Black Sea through the Bosporus have salinity of 38 ppm, whereas the Black Sea waters were almost fresh waters. Rapid influx of giant masses of salty waters results in the massive extinction of plankton organisms, which are extremely sensitive and hard to adapt to rapid changes in salinity. Consequently, geocatastrophic types of sediments are created. The creation of the sapropels was a unique catastrophic event. ........ .. ..... .. ....... ..... 2012 .......... .......... .. ..... Nonstructural, strongly watered sapropel sediment, 30-70 cm in thickness, is located over the typical sapropels. The 2-layer structure of sapropels confirms the change in conditions of sedimentation and gradual downtop reduction of organic matter. The organic matter in sediments is a complex combination of plant and animal products. Sapropels are unevenly distributed. Due to sliding processes, they are often not represented along the continental slope and along the slopes and axes of the submarine valleys. They are better preserved in leveled locations, where their thickness reaches 45-60 cm. The thickness of sapropels is most significant at the foot of the continental slope 2 m. Lower part of the sapropels was dated with more than 100 radiocarbon dates, by Dimitrov (1982), Jones & Gagnon, (1994), Ryan et al. (1997) and Dimitrov & Dimitrov (2004). All dates coincide in the frames of the experimental error, with the best age estimate of 7 160 50 radiocarbon years BP= 7 560 50 cal. yrs BP (Jones & Gagnon, 1994), which coincides with the age specified in (Ryan & Pitman, 1998) -7 550+/-100 cal. years BP. It is believed, that lower part of the sapropels should identify the beginning of the catastrophic Flood (Ryan et al., 1997; Dimitrov & Dimitrov, 2004), so its age estimated from sapropels is 5
corrected for dead carbon fraction in each dating point in the speleothem using the most precise method for such correction (Shopov et al., 1997-b) by determination of the stable isotope ratio in the dated calcite samples. It was suggested that such catastrophic rainfall can be produced as a result of a rare collision of a big asteroid with the Sun (Shopov et al., 1997, 2004). 3. Evidence of Peoples in the Area and the Timing of their Migration: 3.1 Paleolinguistic evidences The oldest inhabitants of the Black Sea coast were the ancient Indo-Europeans (Gimbutas, 1985; Kortlandt, 1990; Wiik, 1999). Indo-Arians divided from the Indo-Europeans and migrate to the Zagros Mts. and Iranian plateau (called Ariana) between VI-IV millennium B.C. and later invaded territories of Pakistan and North India along Indus and Ganges river valleys. To the east they reach the Ganges river delta (now in Bangladesh). Before 5500 BC Indo-Europeans inhabited significant part of the fresh-water Black Sea coast (Fig.2). Separation and differentiation of the Indo-Europeans in groups like German, Thracian, Illyrian, Greek, Arian, etc. tribes (Fig.3) started just after 5500 BC (Wiik, 1999), exactly after the Black Sea Flood as dated by the marine evidences. Therefore we can state that the differentiation of the Indo-Europeans and their migration out of the Balkan Peninsula was initiated by the Black Sea Flood (Shopov, 2001; Shopov and Yalamov, 2004; Shopov et al., 2007). Famous Russian academician Derjavin (1946) and Marr (1925) using paleolinguistic analysis demonstrated that Protobulgarians are proto Indo-Europeans, i.e. they were formed as nationality before formation of Indo-Europeans. This means, that they were a part of the Indo-Europeans settled around the former Black sea cost. This allows us to use toponims formed from the ethnic names of the different branches of Protobulgarians as tracer of their migrations after the Black sea flood. Protobulgarian toponims suggest that they were in the part of the Indo-Europeans which migrated to Asia Minor (Shopov et al., 2005a) after the Flood. 3.2. Archaeological evidences A unique ancient plate called Noahs plate (Fig.4) was discovered by the manned submersible craft Argus in July 1985 on the bottom of the Black Sea about 100 meters below the sea surface in the region of the old shores in the shelf periphery, where Indo-Europeans used to live before the Flood. It was found in such geological settings which exclude any possibility that the plate fall from the sea surface. They suggest that this artifact was on the sea shore before the Black Sea Flood (Dimitrov & Dimitrov, 2004). So it is ........ .. ..... .. ....... ..... 2012 .......... .......... .. ..... believed to be made and used by the pre-flood population of the Black Sea coast. So far nobody ever discovered any similar artifacts in means of its composition and technology of production. But even more interesting are signs of an ancient script on the surface of the Noahs plate (Fig.5). They are quite similar to the oldest known scripts (Fig.6). These letters were scratched on the surface of the plate. Waddell (2004) found similar signs scratched upon the finished
the ethnic name of Bulgarians-Blgar (Bulgar) in Indo-Arian environment are presented here: Pronunciation of the ethnic name Bulgar by Indo-Arian speaking people: Bulgar . a . Balgar(a) . Balghar(a) . Ukrainians still call Bulgarians Balhari, but Balhara was the name of one of the royal dynasties in India. We studied ceramic fragments left by Kuti (fig. 12) found at these locations (Shopov et al, 2007) and compared them with older Early Neolithic (pre-Flood) ceramics found in Bulgaria (fig. 13, 14, 15). Using the drawing patterns on these artifacts we found that Kuti or more likely their ancestors were leaving in Bulgaria in the first half of the 6-th millennium BC and letter migrated south perhaps in result of the Flood. They established settlements in Zagros Mts in Iran in the beginning of the 4-th millennium BC. Maybe Erridu-pizir considered these territories as land of Kuti (Hilprecht, 1910). We found 210 toponims and hydronames formed on the base of Kuti in Iran. We studied the morphology of these ancient Bulgarian ethnonims. They are compared with Kuti toponims in Bulgaria and in the ancient states of Volga Bulgar and the Great Bulgar, and with synthetic toponims (Table 1) formed from the same base with the same suffixes as these forming the toponims in Bulgaria (Shopov et al, 2008). This way we determined the different Bulgarian toponims in Iran, which coincide with the theoretical (synthetic) Bulgarian toponims. 68 of them still exist not only in Iran, but also in Bulgaria, the Great Bulgar or Volga Bulgar territories (now in Ukraine and Russia). ........ .. ..... .. ....... ..... 2012 .......... .......... .. ..... There are 2251 toponims and hydronames in Pakistan formed from the ethnic names of Bulgarians and their branches or clans, 647 such toponames in India and 186 in Bangldadesh (Shopov, 2007). This suggests prolong settlement of Bulgarians in these lands as far as most of these toponames are names of cities or villages. We found also many toponims in Iran, which coincide with the names of the major cities and peaks in Bulgaria, which were named by ancient Bulgarians (Varna, Burgas, Madara, etc.). Some of them form the name of up to 43 different places in Iran each (they are repeated in up to 43 toponims each). 59 Vedic gods still remain in Bulgarian mythology, language, family names and toponims, some of them with all their 7 synonyms which are the same in Bulgarian and Sanskrit language (Shopov et al., 2002). Their presence in Bulgaria indicates that Vedic religion is incorporated very, very deep in Bulgarian traditions and mythology. Figure 12. Ceramics of Kutians found at Godin tepe V (left ) and Sialk tepe (right) 67 Bulgarian family (relatives) terms correspond by functions and pronunciation to 24 such terms in Russian (only in dialects), 42 in Hindi (Shopov et al., 2005b) and 167 in Urdu! Such terms are distributed only by mixed marriages. Russia assimilated the population of the vast Volga Bulgar kingdom after XIV-th century AD, but even this assimilation did not left in Russian so much of these important terms-indicators
of genetic mixing (large scale mixes marriages) as in the North India. Figure 11. Location of one of the toponims originated from the ethnic name of Bulgarians in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. This state is well known as one of the habitats of the Vedic tribes. Images by Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. (2006) Figure 13. Ceramics found in Gradeshnitsa (left) and Gulubnik III (right), Bulgaria, dated before the Black sea flood (5500 BC) ........ .. ..... .. ....... ..... 2012 35 .......... .......... .. ..... Figure 14. Ceramics found in Early Neolithic settlement in Ilindentsi, Bulgaria (top left), which corresponds chronologically (6200-5500 B.C.) to Karanovo I (top right) and ceramics from Stara Zagora, Bulgaria (VI millennium B.C.) Figure 15. Ceramics from Neolithic Chavdar culture, Bulgaria 6200-5400 BC Comment to Table 2: -Synthetic Bulgarian toponims are theoretical toponims formed on the base of a Bulgarian branch name and a suffix known to form frequently Bulgarian toponims. -In Iranian toponims sounds O and U are freely interchangeable because the name of a particular city is pronounced with O instead of U and reverse by different people. -In Iranian toponims letters K and G are freely interchangeable in toponims starting with Ku and Gu due to the same letter recording sounds Ku-and Gu-in the Akkadian inscriptions used by Kuti (Laessoe, 1963). So Gutiru= Kutiru etc. Table 2. Iranian and Bulgarian toponims and hydronames formed on the base of ethnonim Kuti (Guti) Legend: x The affix abad means city in Farsi + Sar means head, including head of the country (tsar) in Farsi, i.e. Kuti Sar means king of Kuti * Hydroname. Hydronames are usually much older than toponims. They are given in Italic ** Origin of the suffixes in Bulgarian toponims after Shopov et al (2008) ........ .. ..... .. ....... ..... 2012 .......... .......... .. ..... suffix origin eh (It, 12pt) Iranian al (13 pt) Sanskrit iya (bold, 12pt) Indo-Aryan ik (bold, 13pt) common in Sanskrit and Indo-Aryan ek(It,13pt) Iranian proto-Sanskrit er(b, 13pt) Iranian proto Indoen(b,It,13) Iranian proto-Sanskrit Iranian proto Indo5. Discussion The timing of the Biblical Noahs Flood as determined by Catastrophic rainfall and Black Sea Flood as determined by marine evidences and the timing of the start of the massive migration out of the Black Sea region (fig.2, 3; Wiik, 1999) coincides in the frames of the experimental error and is the same as the beginning of the Bible chronology (Creation of the World), i. e. 5500 years B.C. and also as the beginning of the Byzantine and Bulgarian calendars (5505 years B.C.) as determined by Mishev (2001). At that time all Indo-Europeans (including the ancestors of the ancient Greeks and Bulgarians) were settled at the Black Sea coast (Gimbutas, 1985; Kortlandt, 1990), so it is quite reasonable to presume that their chronology starts from the Black Sea Flood as far as this was the most dramatic natural phenomena they faced in their history. It is reasonable to suggest that the migration out of the Black Sea region was initiated by the Black Sea Flood as far as it
Hindi.-Origin and significance. Proc. of I-st Session of Bulgarian Scientific-Applied Conference, Sofia, 1820 October 2004. MABIK, Sofia, pp. 31-46 Shopov Y.Y. 2007. Madara and Madara horseman-Origin and significance of the Toponim Madara. Avantgarde Research of Ancient Bulgarians, v.1, p.. 40-44. Shopov Y. Y. 2007-b. Historical and Archaeological Traces of Presence of the Ancient Bulgarians on the Territory of the Present Day Iran. Avant-garde Research of Ancient Bulgarians, v.1, pp. 24-34. Shopov Y. Y., P. Dimitrov, D. P. Dimitrov and B. Shkodrov. 2007. Bulgarian State Tradition and its Delivery to Europe. The Deluge: Oldest Written Evidences and Migrations of Bulgarians. Avant-garde Research of Ancient Bulgarians, v.1, pp. 3-23. Shopov Y. Y. 2008. Genetic Research on the Origin of Bulgarians and their Relations with other Nations. Avant-garde Research of Ancient Bulgarians, v.1 (2), pp. 3-47, (2007) Shopov Y.Y., Tsankov L.T., T. Yalamov, M. Mutafova, H. Azadi, G. Khnkanosyan (2008) Similar and Identical Toponyms and Ethnonyms in Bulgaria and Iran. -Annali, v.15, 2-4, pp.104-115. Shopov Y. Y. , L. Tsankov, .. Yalamov, .. .utafova, H. Azady, G. Hnkanosyan (2009) Similar and Equal Toponims, Hydronames and Ethnonims in Bulgaria, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Iran. 20 Years Indology in Sofia University (Proceedings of the International Conference held at 29 June-2 July 2004 in Sofia), University Press St. Klement Ohridsky, Sofia, 2009, pp.311-324. Stoykova D., Shopov Y., Sauro U., Borsato A., Camuffo D., Cucchi F., Forti P., Piccini L. (2005) High-Resolution Luminescence Speleothem Records from Savi Cave, Trieste, NE Italy-Acta Geologica v. 80, 169173 Shopov Y., L. Tsankov, .. Yalamov, .. .utafova, H. Azady, G. Hnkanosyan 2008. Similar and Equal Toponims, Hydronames and Ethnonims in Bulgaria and Iran-Annali, v.15, 2-4, pp.104-115 The History and Culture of the Indian People 1968 Vol.1, The Vedic Age. Bombay, p.263. Vernesi C., D.Caramelli, I. Dupanloup, G. Bertorelle, M. Lari, E. Cappellini, J. Moggi Cecchi, B. Chiarelli, L. Castri, A.Casoli, F. Mallegni, C. Lalueza-Fox, and G. Barbujani 2004. The Etruscans: A Population-Genetic Study. The American Journal of Human Genetics, v. 74, pp. 694-704 Waddell L.A. (2004) Makers of Civilization in Race and History. Kessinger Publishing Co., 736 p. Wall, D. and Dale, B. 1974. Dinoflagellates in the late Quaternary deep-water sediments of the Black Sea. In: Degens, E.T. and D.A. Ross (Editors), The Black Sea -Geology, Chemistry and Biology. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem., Tulsa, pp. 364-380. Wiik .. 1999. Europe's oldest language? Books from Finland 3/1999, p. 207-212. .. ........: 1. .... .-. .... ....., ........ ..........., Institute of Ancient Civilizations, yyshopov@yahoo.com, fedix@mail.orbitel.bg 2. ..... ......, Institute of Ancient Civilizations, Dimitar Manov 74-b, Sofia 1408, Bulgaria 3. ..... .-. ..... ....... ........, ....... ..., margeo@io-bas.bg 4. .... .-. ....... ...... ........, .. ..., dimpetdim@io-bas.bg ........ .. ..... .. ....... ..... 2012 39