thegoodfellas/blogset-br huggingface dataset:
maritimas. Embora os egipcios tinham uma reputacao como homens pobres mar lutaram tenazmente. Ramses cobriam as margens com fileiras de arqueiros que mantiveram-se uma salva continua de flechas contra os navios inimigos quando eles tentaram aterrar nas margens do Nilo. Em seguida, a marinha egipcia atacou usando ganchos para transportar nos navios inimigos. Na mao brutal para combates corpo que se seguiu, os povos do mar foram completamente derrotados. A Harris Papyrus estado:Quanto aqueles que alcancei meu fronteira, sua semente nao e, seu coracao e sua alma estao acabados para todo o sempre. Quanto aqueles que vieram para a frente juntos no mar, a chama completo foi na frente deles na foz do Nilo, enquanto uma palicada de lancas cercado eles na praia, prostrado na praia, que foi morto, e feito em montes da cabeca a cauda . [4]Ramses III afirma que ele incorporou os Povos do Mar povos como sujeito e os instalou no sul da Canaa, embora nao haja nenhuma evidencia clara nesse sentido; o farao, incapaz de impedir sua chegada gradual em Canaa, pode ter alegou que foi dele a ideia de deixa-los permanecer neste territorio. Sua presenca em Canaa pode ter contribuido para a formacao de novos estados na regiao, tais como Philistia apos o colapso do Imperio egipcio na Asia. Ramses III tambem foi obrigado a lutar invadindo membros de tribos libias em duas grandes campanhas no Delta ocidental do Egito em seu Ano 6 e 11, respectivamente Ano. [5]Turbulencia economica [ editar ]O custo pesado dessas batalhas esgotado lentamente tesouraria do Egito e contribuiu para o declinio gradual do Imperio egipcio na Asia. A gravidade destas dificuldades e sublinhado pelo fato de que a greve primeiro conhecido na historia registrada ocorreu durante o ano 29 do reinado de Ramses III, quando as racoes alimentares para favorecidas e de elite tumulo de construtores e artesaos reais do Egito, na aldeia de Set Maat ela imenty Waset (agora conhecido como Deir el Medina ), nao poderia ser provisionado. [6] Algo no ar (possivelmente a erupcao Hekla 3 ) impediu muita luz solar de alcancar o chao e o crescimento da arvore global tambem preso por quase duas decadas inteiras ate 1140 aC. O resultado no Egito foi uma inflacao substancial nos precos dos graos sob os reinados posteriores de Ramses VI-VII, enquanto que os precos para as aves e os escravos se manteve constante. [7] Assim, o cooldown afetado os ultimos anos de Ramses III e prejudicada sua capacidade de fornecer uma constante fornecimento de racoes de cereais para o trabalhador da comunidade Deir el-Medina.Estatuas de Ramses III Osirid no seu templo em Karnak (no primeiro patio do grande templo de Amon).Estas realidades dificeis sao completamente ignorados em monumentos oficiais Ramses ", muitos dos quais procuram imitar os de seu famoso predecessor, Ramses II , e que apresentam uma imagem de continuidade e estabilidade. Ele construiu adicoes importantes para os templos em Luxor e Karnak , e seu templo funerario e complexo administrativo em Medinet-Habu esta entre o maior e mais bem preservado no Egito; No entanto, a
British Medical Journal cita a conclusao do estudo da equipe de pesquisadores, liderada pelo Dr. Zahi Hawass , o ex- chefe do Conselho Supremo de Antiguidades do Egito, e sua equipe egipcia, bem como o Dr. Albert Zink, do Instituto de Mumias e do Homem de Gelo da Academia Europeia de Bolzano / Bozen na Italia, que afirmou que conspiradores assassinado Ramses III farao por cortar seu . garganta [14] [15] [16] observa Zink em entrevista que:"O corte [na garganta de Ramses III] e ... muito profundo e muito grande, ele realmente vai para baixo quase ate o osso (espinha) - que deve ter sido uma lesao letal". [17]Antes desta descoberta que havia sido especulado que Ramses III tinha sido morto por meios que nao teria deixado uma marca no corpo. Entre os conspiradores eram praticantes de magia, [18] , que poderia muito bem ter usado veneno. Alguns tinham colocar diante de uma hipotese de que uma picada de cobra a partir de uma vibora foi a causa da morte do rei. Sua mumia inclui um amuleto para proteger Ramses III em vida apos a morte de cobras. O servo encarregado de sua comida e bebida tambem estavam entre os conspiradores cotadas na bolsa, mas tambem havia outros conspiradores que foram chamados a cobra eo senhor de cobras.Em um aspecto, os conspiradores certamente falhou. A coroa passou para sucessor designado do rei Ramses IV. Ramses III pode ter sido duvidoso quanto ao chances deste ultimo sucedendo-o, uma vez que, na Grande Harris Papyrus , ele implorou Amun para garantir os direitos de seu filho. [19]Legado [ editar ]O Grande Harris Papyrus ou Papyrus Harris I , que foi encomendado por seu filho e escolhido o sucessor de Ramses IV , narra grandes doacoes este rei da terra, estatuas de ouro e construcao monumental para varios templos do Egito na Piramesse , Heliopolis , Memphis , Athribis , Hermopolis , Este , Abydos , Coptos , El Kab e outras cidades da Nubia e Siria. Tambem registra que o rei enviou uma expedicao comercial a Terra de Punt e extraido das minas de cobre de Timna no sul de Canaa. Papiro Harris I registra algumas das atividades Ramses III:"Eu mandei meus emissarios para a terra de Atika,.. [Ie: Timna] para as grandes minas de cobre que estao la Seus navios levou-os ao longo e os outros foram por terra em seus burros Ele nao tinha sido ouvido falar de uma vez que o (tempo de qualquer anteriormente) rei. suas minas foram encontradas e (eles) produziu cobre que foi carregado por dezenas de milhares em seus navios, e de serem enviados ao seu cuidado para o Egito, e chegar com seguranca. " (P. Harris I, 78, 1-4) [20]Medinet Habu alivio templo de Ramses IIIMais notavelmente, Ramses comecou a reconstrucao do Templo de Khonsu em Karnak desde os alicerces de um templo antes de Amenhotep III e completou o Templo de Medinet Habu em torno de seu 12o ano. [21] Ele decorou as paredes de seu templo Medinet Habu com cenas de suas batalhas navais
e terra, para os povos do mar . Este monumento hoje permanece como um dos templos mais bem preservadas do Imperio Novo. [22]A mumia de Ramses III foi descoberto por antiquarios em 1886 e e considerado como a mumia egipcia prototipo em varios filmes de Hollywood. [23] Sua tumba ( KV11 ) e um dos maiores do Vale dos Reis .Disputa cronologica [ editar ]Alguns cientistas tem tentado estabelecer um ponto cronologica para este reinado do farao em 1159 aC, com base em uma datacao do "1999 Hekla 3 erupcao "do vulcao Hekla, na Islandia. Desde registros contemporaneos mostram que o rei teve dificuldades de aprovisionamento seus operarios em Deir el-Medina com suprimentos em seu ano 29, este namoro de Hekla 3 pode conectar seu 28 ou 29 anos de reinado de c. 1159 aC. [24] A discrepancia menor de um ano e possivel desde que os celeiros do Egito poderia ter tido reservas para lidar com, pelo menos, um unico ano ruim das colheitas das culturas apos o inicio do desastre. Isto implica que o reinado do rei teria terminado apenas 3-4 anos mais tarde em torno de 1156 ou 1155 aC. A data rival de "2900 BP" ou c.1000 BC ja foi proposto por cientistas com base em um re-exame da camada vulcanica. [25] No entanto, nao ha datas Egyptologist reinado de Ramses III ate tao tarde quanto 1000 aC.Genetica antiga [ editar ]De acordo com um estudo genetico em dezembro de 2012, Ramses III pertencia a Y-DNA haplogrupo E1b1a com um East Africa Origin, um haplogrupo ydna que predomina na maioria dos africanos subsaarianos. [26]A mumia de Ramses IIIFinamente relevos pintados de templo Khonsu Ramses III do no KarnakTemplo mortuario de Ramses III em Medinet Habu.Um teto pintado de Nekhbet no templo mortuario de Ramses III em Medinet Habu.Referencias [ editar ]Ir para cima ^ EF Wente & CC Van Siclen, "A Cronologia do Novo Reino" in Estudos em Honra de George R. Hughes, (SAOC 39) 1976, p.235, ISBN 0-918986-01-XIr para cima ^ Murnane, WJ, United com Eternity: um guia conciso para os Monumentos de Medinet Habu, p. 38, Instituto Oriental, Chicago / Universidade Americana no Cairo Press, 1980.Ir para cima ^ Wilfred G. Lambert; AR George; . Irving L. Finkel (2000) Sabedoria, Deuses e Literatura: Estudos em Assyriology em Honra de WG Lambert . Eisenbrauns. pp. 384-. ISBN 978-1-57506-004-0 . Retirado 18 de agosto de 2012 .Ir para cima ^ Hasel, Michael G. "Inscricao de Merenptah e Relevos ea Origem de Israel" no Oriente Medio no Sudoeste: Ensaios em homenagem a William G. Dever ", editado por Beth Albprt Hakhai A Anual das Escolas Americana de Pesquisa Oriental 58 Vol 2003, citando Edgerton, WF, e Wilson, John A. 1936. Registros Historicos de Ramses III, os textos em Medinet Habu, Volumes I e II Estudos em Ancient Oriental Civilization 12. Chicago:. O Instituto Oriental da Universidade de Chicago.Ir para cima ^ Nicolas Grimal, A historia do antigo Egito, Blackwell Books, 1992. p.271Ir para cima ^ William F. Edgerton, as greves em vinte e nove anos de Ramses III, JNES
main claims of a Jewish presence in Cameroon are made by Rabbi Yisrael Oriel, formerly known as Bodol Ngimbus-Ngimbus. He was born into the Ba-Saa tribe; the word Ba-Saa, he says, is from the Hebrew for on a journey. Oriel also claims to be a Levite descended from Moses.According to Oriel in 1920 there were 400,000 Israelites in Cameroon, but by 1962 the number had decreased to 167,000 due to conversions to Christianity and Islam. He admitted that these tribes had not been accepted according to Jewish law, although he claimed that he could still prove their Jewish status from medieval rabbinic sources.A website called Jewish Cameroon provides more details. Oriel describes the period between 1920 and 1962 as a spiritual Shoah. Because of intense missionary activity, it was like the Soviet Union where Jews had no permission for Jewish education, no batei din (Jewish courts), synagogues or sifrei (books of the) Torah. Everything was taught by oral tradition, Oriel says.Oriels father, the website continues, Hassid Peniel Moshe Shlomo (Ngimbus Nemb Yemba) was a textile manufacturer, scribe, mohel (ritual circumciser) and tribal leader. Oriel says his father was imprisoned 50 times for teaching his traditional Jewish beliefs. In 1932 he ran away from a Catholic school because they had wanted him to train for the priesthood.Oriels grandfather reportedly built a synagogue in Cameroon, but that it is now in ruins. Oriels grandfather is said to have been the last gabbai of the synagogue.Oriels mother, who he calls Orah Leah (her given name was Ngo Ngog Lum), had a large kitchen in which milk and meat were separated by six meters, he says. Shortly before his mother died in 1957, she told him: My beloved child, one day you will go to Yesulmi. It was not till 1980 that he realized that she must have meant Jerusalem.Oriel left Cameroon in the early 1960s after the country received independence. He studied law and international relations in France.Oriel formally converted to Judaism some 20 years and was ordained as a rabbi in Israel, to which he made aliyah and where he lived briefly. He now resides in London and prays at the Persian Hebrew congregation and the Moroccan Hida Synagogue and Bekt Midrash on East Bank, Stamford Hill, London. You can see a photo of Oriel here.Oriel remains active in trying to bring Judaism to Cameroon, as well as neighboring Nigeria, and to bring what he claims are the 10 lost tribes back to the fold. There is much more about Oriel on the Jewish Cameroonsite, including some more outlandish claims and grievances Oriel has against the established Jewish community.Other reported Jewish tribes in Cameroon are said to include Haussa, descended from the tribe of Issachar, who were forced to convert to Islam in the eighth and ninth centuries, and the Bamileke who are largely Christian today. Nchinda Gideon claims that these early immigrants built synagogues but there are no records of them in Cameroon today.American actor Yaphet Kotto, whose parents emigrated from Cameroon to the United States, claims Jewish descent. Kotto, who died in
2008, had a starring role in the television series Homicide: Life on the Streetand also appeared in films such as Alien and the James Bond movie Live and Let Die.In his autobiography entitled Royalty, Kotto writes that his father was the crown prince of Cameroon and that he was an observant Jew who spoke Hebrew. Kottos mother reportedly converted to Judaism before marrying his father. Kotto also says that his great-grandfather, King Alexander Bell, ruled the Douala region of Cameroon in the late 19th century and was also a practicing Jew.Kotto says that his paternal family originated from Israel and migrated to Egypt and then Cameroon, and have been African Jews for many generations. Kotto writes that being black and Jewish gave other children even more reason to pick on him growing up in New York City. He says that he went to synagogue and occasionally wore a yarmulke when he was younger.A very tenuous, primarily linguistic connection between Cameroon and ancient Israel can be found through another tribe known as the Bankon who live in the Littoral region of Cameroon. The word Ban also pronounced Kon means son of prince in Assyrian, an Aramaic dialect. In her work The Negro-African Languages, a French scholar, Lilias Homburger, points out that the Bankons language is Kum which may derive from the Hebrew for arise or get up! Further, the Assyrians called the House of Israel by the name of Kumri.More recent Jewish presence in CameroonTwelve years ago, 1,000 Evangelical Christians in Cameroon decided they no longer wanted to practice Christianity and turned instead to Judaism, embracingpractices from the bible. Their informal conversion to Judaism is similar to UgandasAbuyadaya Jewish community which, in 1919, also moved towards Judaism even though, in both cases, they had never met any Jews and had no in-person guidance or mentoring in developing their Jewish identity. The Cameroon community calls itself Beth Yeshourun and is very small, with only 60 members in total.Much of what the community has learned has been via the Internet, including downloading prayers and songs. Some of the community has taught itself Hebrew; others pray in a mixture of French and transliterated Hebrew.Rabbis Bonita and Gerald Sussman visited the community in 2010. Their description is presented in detail on the Kulanu website. Here are a few highlights from that trip.The Sussmans chose to trust the communitys level of kashrut, eating primarily fish and vegetables.Community members washed their hands ritually before eating bread and a meal.The community was fairly knowledgeable about Jewish tradition and asked the Sussmans many questions about Jewish law, such as what to eat at a family event that is not kosher, when do you pray the Minchaafternoon service when you are traveling, and must you stand during the Amidah prayers if you are sick?The Shabbat service, held in the Beth Yeshourun synagogue, was remarkable similar to todays mainstream Orthodox Judaism, including the full Kabbalat Shabbat, the singing of Lecha Dodi and even the closing Yigdal prayer.On Shabbat day, the community sang a mixture of songs in the local language as well as
Oriel also claims to be a Levite descended from Moses.According to Oriel in 1920 there were 400,000 Israelites in Cameroon, but by 1962 the number had decreased to 167,000 due to conversions to Christianity and Islam. He admitted that these tribes had not been accepted according to Jewish law, although he claimed that he could still prove their Jewish status from medieval rabbinic sources.A website called Jewish Cameroon provides more details. Oriel describes the period between 1920 and 1962 as a spiritual Shoah. Because of intense missionary activity, it was like the Soviet Union where Jews had no permission for Jewish education, no batei din (Jewish courts), synagogues or sifrei (books of the) Torah. Everything was taught by oral tradition, Oriel says.Oriels father, the website continues, Hassid Peniel Moshe Shlomo (Ngimbus Nemb Yemba) was a textile manufacturer, scribe, mohel (ritual circumciser) and tribal leader. Oriel says his father was imprisoned 50 times for teaching his traditional Jewish beliefs. In 1932 he ran away from a Catholic school because they had wanted him to train for the priesthood.Oriels grandfather reportedly built a synagogue in Cameroon, but that it is now in ruins. Oriels grandfather is said to have been the last gabbai of the synagogue.Oriels mother, who he calls Orah Leah (her given name was Ngo Ngog Lum), had a large kitchen in which milk and meat were separated by six meters, he says. Shortly before his mother died in 1957, she told him: My beloved child, one day you will go to Yesulmi. It was not till 1980 that he realized that she must have meant Jerusalem.Oriel left Cameroon in the early 1960s after the country received independence. He studied law and international relations in France.Oriel formally converted to Judaism some 20 years and was ordained as a rabbi in Israel, to which he made aliyah and where he lived briefly. He now resides in London and prays at the Persian Hebrew congregation and the Moroccan Hida Synagogue and Bekt Midrash on East Bank, Stamford Hill, London. You can see a photo of Oriel here.Oriel remains active in trying to bring Judaism to Cameroon, as well as neighboring Nigeria, and to bring what he claims are the 10 lost tribes back to the fold. There is much more about Oriel on the Jewish Cameroonsite, including some more outlandish claims and grievances Oriel has against the established Jewish community.Other reported Jewish tribes in Cameroon are said to include Haussa, descended from the tribe of Issachar, who were forced to convert to Islam in the eighth and ninth centuries, and the Bamileke who are largely Christian today. Nchinda Gideon claims that these early immigrants built synagogues but there are no records of them in Cameroon today.American actor Yaphet Kotto, whose parents emigrated from Cameroon to the United States, claims Jewish descent. Kotto, who died in 2008, had a starring role in the television series Homicide: Life on the Streetand also appeared in films such as Alien and the James Bond movie Live and Let Die.In his autobiography entitled Royalty, Kotto writes that his father
was the crown prince of Cameroon and that he was an observant Jew who spoke Hebrew. Kottos mother reportedly converted to Judaism before marrying his father. Kotto also says that his great-grandfather, King Alexander Bell, ruled the Douala region of Cameroon in the late 19th century and was also a practicing Jew.Kotto says that his paternal family originated from Israel and migrated to Egypt and then Cameroon, and have been African Jews for many generations. Kotto writes that being black and Jewish gave other children even more reason to pick on him growing up in New York City. He says that he went to synagogue and occasionally wore a yarmulke when he was younger.A very tenuous, primarily linguistic connection between Cameroon and ancient Israel can be found through another tribe known as the Bankon who live in the Littoral region of Cameroon. The word Ban also pronounced Kon means son of prince in Assyrian, an Aramaic dialect. In her work The Negro-African Languages, a French scholar, Lilias Homburger, points out that the Bankons language is Kum which may derive from the Hebrew for arise or get up! Further, the Assyrians called the House of Israel by the name of Kumri.More recent Jewish presence in CameroonTwelve years ago, 1,000 Evangelical Christians in Cameroon decided they no longer wanted to practice Christianity and turned instead to Judaism, embracingpractices from the bible. Their informal conversion to Judaism is similar to UgandasAbuyadaya Jewish community which, in 1919, also moved towards Judaism even though, in both cases, they had never met any Jews and had no in-person guidance or mentoring in developing their Jewish identity. The Cameroon community calls itself Beth Yeshourun and is very small, with only 60 members in total.Much of what the community has learned has been via the Internet, including downloading prayers and songs. Some of the community has taught itself Hebrew; others pray in a mixture of French and transliterated Hebrew.Rabbis Bonita and Gerald Sussman visited the community in 2010. Their description is presented in detail on the Kulanu website. Here are a few highlights from that trip.The Sussmans chose to trust the communitys level of kashrut, eating primarily fish and vegetables.Community members washed their hands ritually before eating bread and a meal.The community was fairly knowledgeable about Jewish tradition and asked the Sussmans many questions about Jewish law, such as what to eat at a family event that is not kosher, when do you pray the Minchaafternoon service when you are traveling, and must you stand during the Amidah prayers if you are sick?The Shabbat service, held in the Beth Yeshourun synagogue, was remarkable similar to todays mainstream Orthodox Judaism, including the full Kabbalat Shabbat, the singing of Lecha Dodi and even the closing Yigdal prayer.On Shabbat day, the community sang a mixture of songs in the local language as well as modern Israeli songs such as Jerusalem of Gold.The community prays three times a day and holds Torah study sessions twice a week, using material gleaned from the web.The community has created its own siddur (prayer book) of 150 pages,
Haplogroup E1b1a7a this time, but these references should be helpful ..References:Y-chromosomal variation: Insights in the history of Niger-Congo groups:http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2010/11/25/molbev.msq312.abstractY-DNA haplogroup E1b1a in Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_E1b1a_ (Y-DNA)Popular Yorubua:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_peopleThe Druze People:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DruzeThe Yoruba list SNP was inferred from the presentation of dbSNPhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_viewBatch.cgi?sbid=856991
Djigonasee, mas nao ha representacao consideravel dos nativos americanos clas de Ina e Aiyana, e de seis clas mais Fufei, Yumi, Nene, Malaxshmi, Emiko e Gaia .De acordo com GeneTree : Historia da Cultura de mtDNA haplogrupo A: A origem de seu haplotipo de mtDNA remonta a um maximo de 25.000 anos antes do presente, e coincide com o povoamento inicial das Americas. O povoamento das Americas ocorreu com a passagem de cacadores nomades siberianos do Nordeste da Asia para o Alasca atraves do estreito de Bering. Atualmente, mtDNA e cromossomo Y evidencia sugere que os migrantes iniciais para as Americas teve origem no lago Baikal / regiao norte da Mongolia. Esses nomades foram grandes cacadores extremamente movel e rapidamente colonizaram o Novo Mundo se espalhando desde o Alasca ate o extremo sul da Argentina, em apenas alguns milhares de anos. Como a densidade populacional aumentou e tornou-se o grande jogo raro, estes cacadores comecou a diversificar a sua dieta e preencher todos os nichos ecologicos disponiveis. Na epoca do contato europeu, nativos americanos viviam estilos de vida extremamente variadas, com alguns grupos, como no Mexico, o desenvolvimento de complexos agricolas sociedades baseadas e outros grupos, como na Grande Bacia, permanecendo cacadores-coletores, e vivendo em pequenas bandas de moveis. Localizador de Familia Finder PopulacaoMinha Esposa Haplogroup mtDNA A2 Nativo AmericanoDETALHESContinente (Subcontinente)PopulacaoPercentagemMargem de erroEuropa (Europa Ocidental)Frances, Espanhol65,97% 4,08%Africa (Oeste Africano)Yoruba, Mandenka8,90% 0,85%Oriente MedioIraniana, judaica, Mozabite, Palestino, Adygei9,19% 4,31%Native American (America Central)Maia15,94% 0,37% SEUS RESULTADOSValores rCRS Valores rsrs mtDNA ComunidadeHVR1 DIFERENCAS DE rCRS16111T16223T16290T16291T16319A16362CHVR2 DIFERENCAS DE rCRS64T73G146C153g235g263G309.1C315.1C522 -523 -CODIFICACAO DIFERENCAS regiao de rCRS663G750G1438G1736G2706G4248C4769G4824G5228T6216C7028T8027A8794T8860G11719A12007A12705T14065G14476A14766T15326GSEQUENCIA DE REFERENCIA REVISTA CAMBRIDGEHVR1 SEQUENCIA DE REFERENCIAVer todas as posicoes PosicaoCRSSeu resultado16111CT16223CT16290CT16291CT16319GA16362TC