Ice shelves Ice streams Icebergs Icing (aufeis, naled) Snow (1827, 1863) Ice (1863) Snowmelt Avalanches (4302) Rivers (0483, 1856) Lakes (9345) Ponds Sea ice (4540) Polynas (4540) Leads (4540) Remote sensing Engineering Mass balance (1218, 1223) Energy balance Thermodynamics (1011, 3611, 8411) Thermal regime Properties Distribution Dynamics Glaciology (1621, 1827, 1863) Weathering (1625, 1886) Contaminants (0432) Biogeochemistry (0412, 0414, 1615, 4805, 4912) Instruments and techniques Modeling (1952, 4316) General or miscellaneous EDUCATION Elementary and secondary education Post-secondary education Informal education Curriculum and laboratory design Teaching methods Teacher training Evaluation and assessment Instructional tools Geoscience education research Diversity ELECTROMAGNETICS Antenna arrays Antennas Biological effects Electromagnetic theory Guided waves Inverse scattering Measurement and standards Nonlinear electromagnetics Numerical methods Optics (4264) Plasmas Random media and rough surfaces Reflectors and feeds Scattering and diffraction Signal processing and adaptive antennas (6974) Singularity expansion method Transient and time domain Wave propagation (2487, 3285, 4275, 4455, 6934) Instruments and techniques General or miscellaneous EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS Computational methods: seismic Computational methods: potential fields (1214) Continental structures (8109, 8110) Data processing Downhole methods Gravity methods (1219) Magnetic and electrical methods (5109) Oceanic structures Radioactivity methods Remote sensing Seismic methods (3025, 7294) Instruments and techniques General or miscellaneous GEOCHEMISTRY Geochemical modeling (3610, 8410) Thermodynamics (0766, 3611, 8411) Reactions and phase equilibria (3612, 8412) Subduction zone processes (3060, 3613, 8170, 8413) Mid-oceanic ridge processes (3614, 8416) Intra-plate processes (3615, 8415) Hydrothermal systems (0450, 3017, 3616, 4832, 8135, 8424) Alteration and weathering processes (3617) Magma chamber processes (3618) Magma genesis and partial melting (3619) Mantle processes (3621) Composition of the core Composition of the continental crust Composition of the oceanic crust Composition of the hydrosphere Composition of the biosphere Composition of the mantle Composition of the moon Composition of the planets Composition of meteorites (3662, 6240) Composition of aerosols and dust particles Geochemical cycles (0330) Major and trace element geochemistry Radiogenic isotope geochemistry Stable isotope geochemistry (0454, 4870) Mineral and crystal chemistry (3620) Fluid and melt inclusion geochemistry Marine geochemistry (4835, 4845, 4850) Sedimentary geochemistry Organic and biogenic geochemistry Planetary geochemistry (5405, 5410, 5704, 5709, 6005, 6008) Field relationships (3690, 8486) Instruments and techniques General or miscellaneous GEOCHRONOLOGY Quaternary geochronology Sidereal geochronology Radioisotope geochronology Isotopic disequilibrium dating Chemical and biological geochronology Geomorphological geochronology Correlative geochronology Thermochronology Tephrochronology (8455) Cosmogenic-nuclide exposure dating (4918) Extinct radionuclide geochronology Planetary and lunar geochronology Sedimentary geochronology Instruments and techniques General or miscellaneous GEODESY AND GRAVITY Standards and absolute measurements Instruments and techniques Integrations of techniques Satellite geodesy: results (6929, 7215, 7230, 7240) Satellite geodesy: technical issues (6994, 7969) Space geodetic surveys(4337) Control surveys Seismic cycle related deformations (6924, 7209, 7223, 7230) Transient deformation (6924, 7230, 7240) Tectonic deformation (6924) Non-tectonic deformation Earth's interior: composition and state (7207, 7208, 8105, 8124) Earth's interior: dynamics (1507, 7207, 7208, 8115, 8120) Rheology of the lithosphere and mantle (7218, 8160) Gravity anomalies and Earth structure (0920, 7205, 7240) Geopotential theory and determination (0903) Time variable gravity (7223, 7230) Reference systems Earth rotation variations Ocean/Earth/atmosphere/hydrosphere/cryosphere interactions (0762, 1218, 3319, 4550) Mass balance (0762, 1223, 1631, 1836, 1843, 3010, 3322, 4532) Atmosphere monitoring with geodetic