levels. Mr. Gore shows a projection where the seas will riseby seven meters by the end of the century while the IPCC report says it willneed thousands of years to reach that level.Another unproven issue, in this case completelyunsubstantiated, is that polar bears are threatened. The truth is that to datethere are no scientific studies indicating that the population of polar bearsis shrinking. On the contrary, in the area where they have being monitored itseems that their population is increasing. In addition, it is known that about8,000 years ago there was a warming period on Earth, larger than the currentone, called the Holocene Optimum Period, which lasted more than three thousandyears, the polar bears survived as everyone can attest. We cant forget also thatscientists knows from long time that in medieval times there was also a warmingthat allowed the Vikings (Nordics) to colonize Greenland and developagriculture. Also permitted grapes cultivation in northern England and agriculture in Greenland,which is impossible today because of the cold.As the planet has been hotter in the past italso has been colder in others eras. In the last ice age (12,000 years ago) theice covered almost the entire temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. Placeslike Canada, northern USA, Russiaand northern Europe were covered by ice. It issafe to conclude that there was a warming since the ice retreated to theirpresent positions in the Polar Regions. Wealso know that shortly after the medieval warming occurred the "LittleIce Age" in the fourteenth century when Greenlandwas covered in ice. In winter the cold was so intense that even the RiverThames in London,was completely frozen allowing skating on its surface as shown in the picturebelow.During the last ice age the planet'stemperature was around 12Conly 2.4 degrees of difference for the 14.4C of today. But remember that during mostof the planet's history the temperature was around 22C. Only tropical andsubtropical regions existed, there was no ice in the polar caps, and this wasnot a catastrophic scenario. Patrick Moore, founding member of Greenpeace, saysthat when we analyze the pattern of biodiversity in the regions of the globe werealize that going from tropical to subtropical and then to temperate zones,where there are frosts and snow in winter, there is a drop of 90% ofbiodiversity. He argues that the ice may be considered an enemy of life andthat it would not be a bad thing if the planet warmed slightly as was in thepast.Man was not responsible for these climate changesthat happened. They are part of natural cycles of warming and cooling thatexist on our planet. If we look at the graph of temperature variation (graph 1below) we see that it fluctuates and is not a straight line with a sudden risein the twentieth century (graph 2 below) as the IPCC has put in its 3rd report.Graph1 - Temperature VariationGraph2 - Hockey Stick (IPCC) 1This IPCC graph called "Hockey Stick"because of its resemblance to the object in question has been thoroughlydiscredited by Stephen McIntyre and Ross McKitrick. They used the same data ofthe IPCC scientists (Mann et al.) in a proprietary method and obtained verydifferent results.