war to keep all these undertakings consistent with each other. Initially, the worse betrayal seemed to be over Syria. With Fays.al in possession of Damascus, he was elected King of Syria in 1920; but in short order the French, to whom the British had handed control of Lebanon, as they had honestly warned the Arabs they would, moved in force to occupy Damascus and the rest of Syria, which the British had agreed with them, but not with the Arabs, that they could do. Fays.al was tossed out. The French commemorated this victory by carving a stele in the rock at the Nahr al-Kalb (the Dog River) in Lebanon, joining earlier stelae by the Egyptians, Assyrians, and others. After the Vichy French were overthrown in Lebanon and Syria, in turn, in World War II, the stele naturally was attacked and mutilated beyond recognition.The Hashimites, 1827 AD-presentMecca and H.ijaz'Abd al-Mut.t.alibSharif of Mecca,1827, 1851-1856,1880-1882Muh.ammad1827-1851, 1856-1858'Abdullah1858-1877al-H.usayn1877-1880'Awn al-Rafiq1882-1905'Ali1905-1908H.usayn1908-1916Arab Revoltagainst Turkey,1916-1918King, 1916-1925Caliph, 1924-1925,d. 1931'AliKing, 1925,d. 1934Overthrown by Ibn Sa'ud"Greater Syria"Fays.alKing, 1920Overthrown by FranceIraq, British MandateFays.al IKing, 1921-1933Independence,end of British Mandate, 1932Ghazi1933-1939Fays.al II1939-1958pro-German coup suppressed, 1941;King overthrown & killedin Coup, 1958Transjordan, British Mandate'Abdullah IAmir, 1921-1946End of BritishMandate, 1946King, 1946-1951,assassinatedArab Legion enters Palestine, 1948;Kingdom of Jordan,annexation of the West Bank, 1949T.alal1951-1952, d. 1972H.usayn1952-1999Six Day War, Israeli Occupation of theWest Bank, 1967; "Black September,"Palestinian guerrillas ousted fromJordan, 1970; peace treaty withIsrael, 1994'Abdullah II1999-The British sense of fair play in such circumstances manifested itself as a desire to compensate individuals. There was rarely a sense in British policy that popular sentiment might be something to reckon with. Thus, Fays.al was personally compensated with the throne of Iraq, which for a decade was maintained as a British Mandate. This may or may not have reconciled Fays.al to all that had happened. But it certainly did not reconcile his father, the old Sharif of Mecca, now King of the H.ijaz, H.usayn. Nothing could reconcile H.usayn to what had happened, and his attitude resulted in a dangerous break with the British -- very dangerous for H.usayn because his ambitious neighbor, Ibn Sa'ud, remained on good terms with the British and was supported by subsidies.One of H.usayn's other sons, 'Abdullah, even led a small force north, evidently to contest Syria with the French. However, before 'Abdullah crossed the French border, he was persuaded that perhaps he should stay where he was, just across the Jordan River, in a area of vague jurisdiction. This was at the time considered part of Syria, but the French evidently had no use for it, and its proximity to Palestine put it more or less in the British sphere of influence. So 'Abdullah settled down as the Amir of the Transjordan, filling in the space between British Palestine and British Iraq.This did not improve the humor of 'Abdullah's father, whose leadership turned out to be not much better than his diplomacy. When Kemal Attaturk abolished the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924 (the Sult.anate had already been abolished in 1922), H.usayn decided that if it was anyone's business to be Caliph, it was his. Indeed, the last bona fide Abbasid Caliph had