of PresidentCamille Chamoun to help protect against threatened insurrection supported fromthe outside. The President's action was supported by a Congressional resolutionpassed in 1957 that authorized such actions in that area of the world.[RL30172]195960 TheCaribbean: Second Marine Ground Task Force was deployed to protect U.S.nationals following the Cuban Revolution.[RL30172]195975 Vietnam War:U.S. military advisers had been in South Vietnam for a decade, and theirnumbers had been increased as the military position of the Saigon governmentbecame weaker. After citing what he falsely termed were attacks on U.S.destroyers, in what came to be known as the Gulf of Tonkin incident, PresidentJohnson asked in August 1964 for a resolution expressing U.S. determination tosupport "freedom and protect peace in Southeast Asia." Congressresponded with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving President Johnsonauthorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use ofconventional military force in Southeast Asia. Following this resolution, andfollowing a communist attack on a U.S. installation in central Vietnam, theUnited States escalated its participation in the war to a peak of 543,000military personnel by April 1969.[RL30172]196019691961 Cuba: The Bayof Pigs Invasion, known in Hispanic America as Invasion de Bahia de Cochinos(or Invasion de Playa Giron or Batalla de Giron), was an unsuccessful militaryinvasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506on 17 April 1961.1962 Thailand: TheThird Marine Expeditionary Unit landed on May 17, 1962 to support that countryduring the threat of Communist pressure from outside; by July 30, the 5,000marines had been withdrawn.[RL30172]1962 Cuba: Cubanmissile crisis, On October 22, President Kennedy instituted a"quarantine" on the shipment of offensive missiles to Cuba from theSoviet Union. He also warned Soviet Union that the launching of any missilefrom Cuba against nations in the Western Hemisphere would bring about U.S.nuclear retaliation on the Soviet Union. A negotiated settlement was achievedin a few days.[RL30172]196275 Laos: FromOctober 1962 until 1975, the United States played an important role in militarysupport of anti-Communist forces in Laos.[RL30172]1964 Congo(Zaire): The United States sent four transport planes to provide airlift forCongolese troops during a rebellion and to transport Belgian paratroopers torescue foreigners.[RL30172]1965 Invasion ofDominican Republic: Operation Power Pack, The United States intervened toprotect lives and property during a Dominican revolt and sent 20,000 U.S.troops as fears grew that the revolutionary forces were coming increasinglyunder Communist control.[RL30172] A popular rebellion breaks out, promising toreinstall Juan Bosch as the country's elected leader. The revolution is crushedwhen U.S. Marines land to uphold the military regime by force. The CIA directseverything behind the scenes.1967 Israel: TheUSS Liberty incident, whereupon a United States Navy Technical Research Shipwas attacked June 8, 1967 by Israeli armed forces, killing 34 and wounding morethan 170 U.S. crew members.1967Congo (Zaire): The United States sent three military transport aircraft withcrews to provide the Congo central government with logistical support during arevolt.[RL30172]1968 Laos &Cambodia: U.S. starts secret bombing campaign against targets along the Ho ChiMinh trail in the sovereign nations of Cambodia and Laos. The bombings last atleast two years. (See Operation Commando Hunt)197019791970 CambodianCampaign: U.S. troops were ordered into Cambodia to clean out Communistsanctuaries from which Viet Cong and North Vietnamese attacked U.S. and SouthVietnamese