improvement in income distribution, or reduction of its inequality, necessarily takes place within the whole economic and productive chain. Not outside it.Such improvement and inequality reduction are at risk because they depend on the entire relationship network of companies, regions and activity sectors. It is not a simple mechanism to set in motion.The final profile of income inequality of a society depends directly on the way social and labor relations evolved from the beginning of the existence of the country or region. If relationships were colonial or subordinated, inequality is high from the outset; if relations are close to democracy, inequality is lower from the beginning.When inequality improved from 2000 to 2010 (Table 1), the change was due to the incorporation into the market of individuals and families who previously worked in exchange for goods or earned income below the minimum wage, through social inclusion public programs[35]. If inclusion had been sponsored and encouraged at the top of the hierarchical income scales and occupations structures, the effect on income inequality would have been nil or nearly so. If nothing had been done, on the other hand, the inequality profile probably would have remained more or less the same as before the period considered.Presented below are the tables of income distribution, 2001 and 2011, obtained from PNAD, for individuals (Table 1860, IBGE), families (Table 1940, IBGE) and households (Table 1941, IBGE), plus the Theil index and the P inequality measure (with its effects calculated). The results are discussed further below.Table 9 Occupied people of 10 years or more of age, value of monthly average incomeand monthly income classes Brazil 2001-2011Income classes20012011Average incomePeople aAvarege incomePeople aNumber%Number%0 - SM01375816,60973210,11 2 SM1231833322,13852419025,12 3 SM2702060024,97903232333,53 5 SM4451029812,413321324013,75 10 SM703888810,7210183718,710 15 SM125665407,9371358996,115 20 SM247429953,6742019992,120 SM e +646213691,7178837210,7Total521b8278199,91241b96475100Source: PNAD IBGE; a- thousands; b- total mean income.Tabela 10 Occupied Family members of 10 years or more of age, value of monthly average income and monthly income classes Brazil 2001-2011Income classes20012011Average incomeFamilies aAverage incomeFamilies aNumber%Number%0 - SM019233,9014292,31 2 SM137665313,4406829413,62 3 SM281979119,78441437223,53 5 SM451745215,013581109218,15 10 SM708922118,521081227020,010 15 SM1266839116,83741902914,815 20 SM250341008,2733333745,520 SM e +662822614,51796413402,2Total493b497921002272b61200100Source: PNAD IBGE; a- thousands; b- total mean income.Tabela 11 Occupied household members of 10 years or more of age, value of monthly average income and monthly income classes Brazil 2001-2011Income classes20012011Average incomeHouseholds aAverage incomeHouseholds aNumber%Number%0 - SM08201,808991,51 2 SM139549412,0413732112,62 3 SM282868518,98461323622,73 5 SM451692915,113601061318,25 10 SM709897819,521121214820,810 15 SM1269850118,53742928415,915 20 SM250542089,2733334535,920 SM e +662023165,01795313602,3Total1075b459311002380b5831499,9Source: PNAD IBGE; a- thousands; b- total mean income.Tabela 12 Income inequality measure P and Theil CoefficientPeople, families and households Brazil: 2001-2011MedidasIndividuosFamiliasDomicilios200120112001201120012011P0,400,230,360,250,340,24ER0,160,150,210,240,210,24EF0,150,190,150,190,160,19Theil0,820,620,620,580,570,47Fonte: Tabela 12Inequality decreases in the period for individuals, families and households, both as measured by P, and by Theil. The differences in magnitudes, captured differently by the two measures, in general, higher for individuals and for families and smaller households, reflect nothing more than the units of representation.When individuals come together in families, income differences between them are decreased, but reappear, to a lesser extent, in households. Among families, income differences are smoothed out by larger and smaller earned by their members, and end up expressed in the averages of each family.Among households, the income differences