NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization StudioDiagrama exemplificando a umbra, penumbra e antumbra.https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penumbra#/media/File:Diagram_of_umbra,_penumbra_%26_antumbra.pngPenumbra (do Latim pnes, "quase", e umbra, "sombra total") e a regiao em que somente uma parte do corpo ocultante esta obscurecendo a fonte de luz (as outras regioes de sombra sao a umbra, de sombra total, e a antumbra, regiao de eclipse anular). Um observador na penumbra ve um eclipse parcial. Para que exista a penumbra, e necessario que tenhamos uma fonte luminosa extensa, ou seja, nao puntiforme. Uma fonte de luz puntiforme nao projeta penumbra, apenas algo denominado umbra. .....................................................https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PenumbraCATALOG OF LUNAR ECLIPSE SAROS SERIESSaros Series 114The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.Lunar eclipses of Saros 114 all occur at the Moons ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0971 May 13. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 2233 Jun 22. The total duration of Saros series 114 is 1262.11 years. In summary: First Eclipse = 0971 May 13 04:03:35 TD Last Eclipse = 2233 Jun 22 22:22:33 TD Duration of Saros 114 = 1262.11 YearsSaros 114 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:Lunar Eclipses of Saros 114Eclipse TypeSymbolNumberPercentAll Eclipses-71100.0%PenumbralN2738.0%PartialP3143.7%TotalT1318.3%The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 114 occur in the order of 8N 19P 13T 12P 19N which corresponds to: 8 Penumbral 19 Partial 13 Total 12 Partial 19 PenumbralThe longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 114 are as follows. Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1584 May 24 Duration = 01h46m05s Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1458 Feb 28 Duration = 00h31m16s Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1440 Feb 18 Duration = 03h28m46s Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1890 Nov 26 Duration = 00h09m46s Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1097 Jul 27 Duration = 04h41m21s Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2233 Jun 22 Duration = 00h54m46sThe largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 114 are: Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1440 Feb 18 Magnitude = 0.9728 Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1890 Nov 26 Magnitude = 0.0017Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 114 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsaros/SEsaros.htmlhttp://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsaros/SEsaros.htmlSegundo Fred Espenak, em