in the 24,000-year-old remains of a young boy from the archaeological Mal'ta-Buret' culture suggest that up to one-third of the indigenous Americans may have ancestry that can be traced back to western Eurasians, who may have "had a more north-easterly distribution 24,000 years ago than commonly thought"[58] "We estimate that 14 to 38 percent of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient population," the authors wrote. Professor Kelly Graf said,"Our findings are significant at two levels. First, it shows that Upper Paleolithic Siberians came from a cosmopolitan population of early modern humans that spread out of Africa to Europe and Central and South Asia. Second, Paleoindian skeletons like Buhl Woman with phenotypic traits atypical of modern-day indigenous Americans can be explained as having a direct historical connection to Upper Paleolithic Siberia."A route through Beringia is seen as more likely than the Solutrean hypothesis.[59] An abstract in a 2012 issue of the "American Journal of Physical Anthropology" states that "The similarities in ages and geographical distributions for C4c and the previously analyzed X2a lineage provide support to the scenario of a dual origin for Paleo-Indians. Taking into account that C4c is deeply rooted in the Asian portion of the mtDNA phylogeny and is indubitably of Asian origin, the finding that C4c and X2a are characterized by parallel genetic histories definitively dismisses the controversial hypothesis of an Atlantic glacial entry route into North America."[60] AtDNA[edit]For more details on autosomal DNA in general, see Human genetic variation.genetic groups according to DNA Tribes 1. Arctic 2. Salishan 3. Athabaskan 4. North Amerindian 5. Ojibwa 6. Mexica 7. Maya 8. Central American 9. Andean 10. Amazonian 11. Gran Chaco 12. Patagonian Genetic diversity and population structure in the American landmass is also done using autosomal (atDNA) micro-satellite markersgenotyped; sampled from North, Central, and South America and analyzed against similar data available from other indigenous populations worldwide.[26][61] The Amerindian populations show a lower genetic diversity than populations from other continental regions.[61] Observed is a decreasing genetic diversity as geographic distance from the Bering Strait occurs, as well as a decreasing genetic similarity to Siberian populations from Alaska (the genetic entry point).[26][61]Also observed is evidence of a higher level of diversity and lower level of population structure in western South America compared to eastern South America.[26][61] There is a relative lack of differentiation between Mesoamerican and Andean populations, a scenario that implies that coastal routes were easier for migrating peoples (more genetic contributors) to traverse in comparison with inland routes.[26]The over-all pattern that is emerging suggests that the Americas were colonized by a small number of individuals (effective size of about 70), which grew by a factor of 10 over 800 1000 years.[5][62] The data also shows that there have been genetic exchanges between Asia, the Arctic, and Greenland since the initial peopling of the Americas.[62][63]In 2014, the autosomal DNA of a 12,500+-year-old infant from Montana was sequenced.[64] The DNA was taken from a skeleton referred to as Anzick-1, found in close association with several Clovis artifacts. Comparisons showed strong affinities with DNA from Siberian