ABSTRACTAntibiotic residues in Brazilian milk: a review of studies published in recent years Antibiotics are widely used for the treatment of dairy cows and the residues of these drugs may remain in milk and dairy products, which can be a potential threat to human health. Exposure to low levels of antibiotics is considered a public health problem as this may result in the development of resistant strains of human bacteria. The presence of antibiotic residues (AR) in milk is also a problem for the dairy industry as they can inhibit the growth of lactic bacteria. According to Brazilian legislation, antimicrobials should be used in accordance with Good Farming Practices. However, recent studies have reported contamination in milk marketed in the country. This work aimed to review studies, published over the last 10 years, which describe AR in milk marketed in Brazil. The Maximum Residue Limit, the methods for quantification of AR and the results of published studies by authors and government agencies are discussed. Trombete, Felipe M.; Santos, Regiane R; Souza, Andre L. R.Revista chilena de nutricion Available at: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php/script_sci_serial/lng_pt/pid_0717-7518/nrm_iso Residuos de antibioticos en la leche comercializada en Brasil: una revision de los estudios publicados en los ultimos anosLos antibioticos se utilizan ampliamente para el tratamien- to de las vacas lecheras y los residuos de estos medicamentos pueden permanecer en la leche y los productos lacteos, los que pueden ser una amenaza potencial para la salud humana. La exposicion a bajos niveles de antibioticos se considera un problema de salud publica ya que pueden resultar en el desarrollo de cepas resistentes de bacterias humanos. De acuerdo con la legislacion brasilena, los antimicrobianos deben ser utilizados de acuerdo con las Buenas Practicas Agricolas. Sin embargo, estudios recientes han informado de la conta- minacion de la leche comercializada en el pais. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo revisar los estudios publicados en los ultimos 10 anos, que describen residuos de antimicrobianos en la leche comercializada en Brasil. Se discuten los limites maximos de residuos, los metodos para la cuantificacion y los resultados de los estudios publicados por autores y agencias gubernamentales. AbstractPacoca is a very popular product of indigenous origin that is widely consumed by children, especially during the annual folkloric celebrations in June and July in Brazil. One of the main risks of this peanut candy is contamination by aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are natural contaminants produced mainly by the aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, and have important toxic effects for humans, such as, acute aflatoxicosis and risk of cancer development. This work aimed to determine the levels of aflatoxins in 36 different brands of pacoca samples marketed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the period of folkloric celebrations in 2012, and to estimate the aflatoxins intake by children and adolescents using a Food Frequency. Questionnaire applied to 157 individuals. The aflatoxins were quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection in 72 pacoca samples (100%). Twentyseven samples (37.4%) were positive for aflatoxins and ten (13.8%) showed aflatoxins levels higher than the limit established by Brazilian legislation for peanut products (20 g/kg).