commit totake action to, by 2025, based on collected scientific data, achievesignificant reductions in marine debris to prevent harm to thecoastal and marine environment.164.We note the significant threat alien invasive species pose to marineecosystems and resources and commit to implement measures to preventthe introduction of, and manage the adverse environmental impacts of,alien invasive species including, as appropriate, those adopted inthe framework of the IMO.165.We note that sea level rise and coastal erosion are serious threatsfor many coastal regions and islands particularly in developingcountries and, in this regard, we call on the international communityto enhance its efforts to address these challenges.166.We call for support to initiatives that address ocean acidificationand the impacts of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystemsand resources. In this regard, we reiterate the need to workcollectively to prevent further ocean acidification, as well asenhance the resilience of marine ecosystems and of the communitieswhose livelihoods depend on them, and to support marine scientificresearch, monitoring and observation of ocean acidification andparticularly vulnerable ecosystems, including through enhancedinternational cooperation in this regard.167.We stress our concern about the potential environmental impacts ofocean fertilization. In this regard, we recall the decisions relatedto ocean fertilization adopted by the relevant intergovernmentalbodies, and resolve to continue addressing with utmost caution oceanfertilization, consistent with the precautionary approach.168.We commit to intensify our efforts to meet the 2015 target as agreedto in JPOI to maintain or restore stocks to levels that can producemaximum sustainable yield on an urgent basis. In this regard wefurther commit to urgently take the measures necessary to maintain orrestore all stocks at least to levels that can produce the maximumsustainable yield, with the aim of achieving these goals in theshortest time feasible, as determined by their biologicalcharacteristics. To achieve this we commit to urgently develop andimplement science based management plans, including by reducing orsuspending fishing catch and effort commensurate with the status ofthe stock. We further commit to enhance action to manage bycatch,discards, and other adverse ecosystem impacts from fisheriesincluding by eliminating destructive fishing practices. We alsocommit to enhance actions to protect vulnerable marine ecosystemsfrom significant adverse impacts including through the effective useof impact assessments. Such actions, including those throughcompetent organizations, should be undertaken consistent withinternational law, the applicable international instruments andrelevant General Assembly resolutions and Food and AgricultureOrganization (FAO) Guidelines.169.We urge State Parties to the 1995 Agreement for the Implementation ofthe Provisions of UNCLOS relating to the Conservation and Managementof Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks to fully implement it,and give, in accordance with its Part VII, full recognition of thespecial requirements of developing States. Furthermore, we call uponall States to implement the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheriesand the FAO International Plans of Action and technical guidelines.170.We acknowledge that illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishingdeprive many countries of a crucial natural resource and remain apersistent threat to their sustainable development. We recommit toeliminate IUU fishing as advanced in the Johannesburg Plan ofImplementation, and to prevent and combat these practices includingthrough the following: developing and implementing national andregional action plans in accordance with the FAO's international planof action to combat IUU fishing; implementingin accordance withinternational laweffective