the product owner, who should map it to the product vision. He or she is also responsible for the product ROI. So the product owner is responsible for managing the product backlog according to the product vision. He should prioritize the stories as per the value.Every product will have its own target audience, the primary users of the product. The product owner has to make sure to identify the target audience, and only then start creating the product backlog. If required, use personas to identify the features based on the target audience.Gold-plating generally comes from the development team, and sometimes it can be unintentional. While prioritizing the stories for a sprint, the product owner and the development team have to come to a common agreement on the stories for that sprint, and they must stick to that list.Right from the release planning, the product features have to be carefully prioritized. The keys to prioritizing these stories are value, cost, and risk.Waste #3: RelearningMeaning: Not using the knowledge that is available within the team members, trying to reinvent the wheel.Possible reasons:Lack of a proper knowledge-sharing process within the teamLack of required documentationMissing information radiation and osmatic communicationDistributed teamsHow can you eliminate it?The team should share knowledge continuously throughout the sprint. The best places for knowledge sharing are the daily Scrum meeting and the task board. All the team members should participate in all team meetings. This will enhance knowledge sharing.The general myth about Agile is: "Agile is anti-documentation." This is not true. The team should prepare all the required documentation, but it should always be "just in time."Try to keep all important information displayed in a team space so that everyone has equal access. Osmatic communication plays a vital role in information sharing and knowledge distribution. Make sure to document the "tacit knowledge" that will be repeatedly required. You can use tools such as SharePoint, Wiki, etc.Co-location is the best approach for executing Agile projects. If this isn't possible, due to any practical reasons, use tools like videoconferencing so that knowledge sharing is easier.Waste #4: Hand-offsMeaning: Passing the work from person to another, after completing the first person's work.Possible reasons:The nature of the tasks required for a storyTeams working from different locationsLack of visibility of the informationHow can you eliminate it?Sometimes it is unavoidable, and different tasks have to be done by different team members (e.g., analysis, UI, client-side coding, server-side coding, etc). It's good to have cross-functional teams so that, over a period of time, the handoffs can be reduced.When teams are working from different locations (time zones), if the information is not properly handed over, then this will lead to waiting. So make sure there is a proper hand-off process, and obtain confirmation from the other side of the team. Also make sure to execute the tasks at one location as much as possible, as this will reduce hand-offs and waiting time.Try to keep important flowcharts and wireframes visible and clear. This can also be helpful to reduce hand-off time. Your Kanban task board, with regular updates, will really help here,