Qual e o tamanho do "armario" da evolucao?Cornelius Hunter 28 de janeiro de 2017 2:12 AM | PermalinkQuando uma teoria falha repetidamente em suas predicoes fundamentais, e e incapaz de explicar ate os fatos basicos, bem, sem duvida que ha duvida.Nenhum evolucionista que ja perscrutou em um microscopio, pode se olhar em um espelho e manter respeito a si mesmo. Assim, eu nao fiquei bastante surpreso quando um amigo me contou que em todo o pais, professores de ciencia da vida "me disseram em particular que eles tem questionamentos sobre a evolucao", e ele mantem suas identidades em segredo.Alguem se pergunta: Qual e o tamanho do armario?Credito da foto: Wjablow (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons.Publicado tambem no blog Darwin's God. Interspecies Chimerism with Mammalian Pluripotent Stem CellsJun Wu, Aida Platero-Luengo, Masahiro Sakurai, Atsushi Sugawara, Maria Antonia Gil, Takayoshi Yamauchi, Keiichiro Suzuki, Yanina Soledad Bogliotti, Cristina Cuello, Mariana Morales Valencia, Daiji Okumura7, Jingping Luo, Marcela Vilarino, Inmaculada Parrilla, Delia Alba Soto, Cristina A. Martinez, Tomoaki Hishida, Sonia Sanchez-Bautista, M. Llanos Martinez-Martinez, Huili Wang, Alicia Nohalez, Emi Aizawa, Paloma Martinez-Redondo, Alejandro Ocampo, Pradeep Reddy, Jordi Roca, Elizabeth A. Maga, Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban, W. Travis Berggren, Estrella Nunez Delicado, Jeronimo Lajara, Isabel Guillen, Pedro Guillen, Josep M. Campistol, Emilio A. Martinez, Pablo Juan Ross, Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte8.7Present address: Graduate School of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan8Lead ContactDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.036Highlights Naive rat PSCs robustly contribute to live rat-mouse chimeras A versatile CRISPR-Cas9 mediated interspecies blastocyst complementation system Naive rodent PSCs show no chimeric contribution to post-implantation pig embryos Chimerism is observed with some human iPSCs in post-implantation pig embryosSummaryInterspecies blastocyst complementation enables organ-specific enrichment of xenogenic pluripotent stem cell (PSC) derivatives. Here, we establish a versatile blastocyst complementation platform based on CRISPR-Cas9-mediated zygote genome editing and show enrichment of rat PSC-derivatives in several tissues of gene-edited organogenesis-disabled mice. Besides gaining insights into species evolution, embryogenesis, and human disease, interspecies blastocyst complementation might allow human organ generation in animals whose organ size, anatomy, and physiology are closer to humans. To date, however, whether human PSCs (hPSCs) can contribute to chimera formation in non-rodent species remains unknown. We systematically evaluate the chimeric competency of several types of hPSCs using a more diversified clade of mammals, the ungulates. We find that naive hPSCs robustly engraft in both pig and cattle pre-implantation blastocysts but show limited contribution to post-implantation pig embryos. Instead, an intermediate hPSC type exhibits higher degree of chimerism and is able to generate differentiated progenies in post-implantation pig embryos.Author ContributionsJ.W. and J.C.I.B. conceived the study. J.W. generated and characterized all naive and intermediate hiPSC lines. K.S. generated and characterized primed hiPSCs. J.W. and T.H. generated rat iPSCs. J.W., A.P.-L., T.Y., M.M.V., D.O., A.O., P.R., C.R.E., J.W., and P.M.R. performed immunohistochemistry analyses of mouse and pig embryos. K.S., T.Y., E.S., A.P.-L., and M.M.V. performed genotyping, genomic PCR, and genomic qPCR analyses. A.S., M.S., and J.P.L. performed mouse Cas9/sgRNA injection, blastocyst injection, and embryo transfer. Y.S.B., M.S., and M.V. prepared hiPSCs, performed morulae and blastocyst injections, and analyzed hiPSC