labour and social movements in Latin American politics, as well as on the domestic and international influences on policy-making and democratisation in Latin America. She has published articles on the political and economic role of trade unions in developing countries, and on the social and political effects of economic crisis and reforms in Latin America.Left-leaning governments and movements have taken the political centre stage in many Latin American countries, while citizenship is often a central to left-wing political strategies. While such left actors have aimed to expand citizenship, the question arises as to how their strategies have shaped citizenship regimes and impacted on citizen-state relations.The literature on the left often focuses on identifying different types of left-wing politics in Latin America and explanations of the rise of the left, both as a party-political force and as part of social-movement and grassroots mobilisation. Another distinction commonly found is between the moderate and the radical left. The paper argues that an analysis of left-wing politics from the perspective of citizenship can reveal several important tensions, particularly with respect to strategies of political inclusion and marginalisation. It also allows analysis of the implications of left-wing politics for practices of democracy, leading to the questions about the extent to which left-wing parties and movements have been able to challenge and change the existing framework of formal politics. The paper argues that the impact of the rise of left-wing politics in Latin America on citizenship rights has been uneven.In the case of Brazil, left-wing politics appeared to offer alternatives at several levels: alternatives to liberal democracy in the form of participatory forms of democracy and decision-making; progressive social programmes; and the continuing pressure of social movements to expand citizenship rights. At the same time, it can be questioned whether these programmes also translate into social rights, meaningful political participation and an end to marginalisation. Although these social policies target immediate needs and have led to poverty alleviation, they have not necessarily changed income distribution and inequality.Pause 15 minutes16.15 16.45 Hip-Hop, the 5th element and educomunication (media and education)Ana Rita Chaves, cultural producer and official member of the Brazilian Universal Zulu Nation, has 25 years experience in the socio-cultural field and won the title of Zulu Queen by promoting the true Hip Hop culture in order to support the at risk youth from the Favelas and other Brazils Neighbourhoods. Founder of Zulu Nation in Portugal has developed two innovatory projects in this country supported by Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian. Hip Hop de Batom (lipstick Hip Hop) (for young women victims of violence) and Hip Hop pela Paz (Hip Hop for Peace) (in order to promote a Peace and non-violence culture within and outside low income neighbourhoods together with its young residents). From this project arose the album Hip Hop de Batom (Lipstick Hip Hop) in 2010 featuring young people from Portuguese speaking countries and in September 2011 the album Hip Hop pela Paz (Hip Hop for Peace) will be released featuring young people from several low income neighbourhoods in Lisbon.Currently Hip Hop culture has a crucial role in consolidating