relationships historically or doctrinally with SDAs. The Seventh Day Baptists were the first Sabbatarian settlers of the New World. Some of the Adventists learned about the Sabbath from a Seventh Day Baptist lady in New Hampshire. Seventh-day Adventists and Seventh Day Baptists continue to be the two best known long-established Sabbath-keeping groups. However, Church of God leader H.E. Carver of the Marion, Iowa, Church of God Seventh Day, in a letter written in the February 8, 1872, Seventh Day Baptist Sabbath Recorder, noted that at that time there were "hundreds, perhaps thousands, of Sabbath-keepers scattered over the land, from the Atlantic coast to the shores of the Pacific, who do not belong either to your church organization [SDBs], or that of the Seventh-day Adventists. Some of these are lonely ones, having no church privileges."This is even more true today. But it is a fact not well-known among Seventh-day Adventists.Overview of Major Sabbath-Keeping GroupsHere is a brief outline of some of the major Messianic Sabbatarian groups, broken down in broad classifications:(1) Seventh Day Baptists number about 5,000 in the USA, and over 50,000 overseas. Their USA headquarters is in Janesville, Wisconsin. The oldest SDB church, the Mill Yard church in London, England, dates back at least to the 1600s. SDB churches have considerable local autonomy. Their first church in America was organized in 1671 in Newport, Rhode Island. Their magazine, The Sabbath Recorder, started in 1844 and is still being published. SDBs are much like other Baptists doctrinally, but keep the Sabbath. There are independent SDB groups as well.(2) Seventh-day Adventists number over 4.5 million (1986) with nearly a million members in North America. This is a 50% increase since the 1970s. They easily dwarf all other Sabbatarian groups in sheer size. Their hospitals, colleges and universities, publishing houses, literature, radio (Voice of Prophecy, H.M.S. Richards), and TV make them well-known. Their teaching on vegetarianism is well-known, but few know of their other teachings which differ from mainline Protestants (man is mortal, the dead sleep, immortality will be conferred upon the righteous at Christs second coming, the millennium in heaven).(3) The Church of God numbers from 300,000-500,000. This broad classification includes those who trace their history back to Sabbath-keeping Adventists (not SDAs) who did not go along with the visions of Ellen G. White. Seventh Day Churches of God have never been united in one organization comparable to that of SDAs. Their history has been characterized by local autonomous groups, and splits into factions when groups did organize.(a) Church of God (Seventh Day) is a subgroup of dozens of independent groups, the largest of which is headquartered in Denver, Colorado. This grouping is the subject of my books on Church history. The Denver group has about 6,000 North American members and 30,000 overseas. It publishes the Bible Advocate (began in 1863 as The Hope of Israel) and is organized into conferences of local churches similar to that of Adventists. Major distinguishing beliefs are: annual observance of the Lords Supper, abstinence from unclean meats, a Wednesday crucifixion, Sabbath resurrection of Christ (three days and