English Grammar - Relative clauses with who/whichwho: when we talk about peoplewhich: when we talk about thingswhose: instead of his/her or theirWe also use that for who/which. Beautiful sunset in Rio de Janeiro The present progressive tense (also called present continuous tense) is used in the following situations:1. The Situation is temporary, the length of time is not important.Example:I am eating dinner.Mary is living in England while going to college.Tammy is studying for her final exams.2. The action is going to happen in the near future.Example:I am going to work in 10 minutes.My sister is going to the Far East in a few days.We are going to start our project soon.3. Actions that repeat themselves. It is possible to use words like "all the time" and " always", to clarify that the action repeats itself.Example:My teacher is always giving us too much homework.The landlord is always giving us trouble.Jane is always coming to work late.Present Progressive to in the future.The present progressive tense (going to) is used for the future when an action is preplanned, or planned at the time of speaking. To use the present progressive a future word/s must be used to make be used such as tomorrow, later, next week, soon, next month etc. DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECHYou can answer the questions "What He/She say?" in to ways:by repeating the words spoken (direct speech)by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech).Direct SpeechDirect speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken.When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between inverted commas ("....") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.Examples:She says "What time will you be home?"She said "What time will you be home?" and I said "I don't know! ""There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."Reported Speech (indirect speech)Reported speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken.We use reporting verbs like: 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.She said, "I saw him." She said that she had seen him.'That' may be omitted:She told him that she was happy.She told him she was happy.'Say' and 'tell':Use 'say' when there is no indirect object:He said that he was tired.Always use 'tell' when you say who was being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):He told me that he was tired.'Talk' and 'speak' are used:- to describe the action of communicating:He talked to us.She was speaking on the telephone.- with 'about' to refer to what was said:He talked (to us) about his parents.Take a look: the tense used to express and idea is also an important factor. Take into consideration the following chart:Direct Speech -Reported SpeechPresent Tense- Simple PastFuture with "Going to"- Past with" going to"Present Perfect -Past PerfectSentences with "Can"- Sentences with "could"Future with "Will"asteis- Sentences with "would"Present Progressive- Past ProgressiveLook at