as such in the 1630s though there is earlier mention ofsimilar types referred to as bandogs, a term reserved today for a type offighting dog. Used originally for bull-baiting, the Bulldog also fought its waythrough the dog pits but after 1835 began to evolve into the shorter faced,more squat version we now know. It entered the show ring in 1860 and theensuing years saw a big personality change. A delightfully ugly dog with apugilistic expression, which belies a loving, affectionate nature to family andfriends. One of the oldest indigenous breeds, known as the national dog ofGreat Britain, and associated throughout the world with British determinationand the legendary John Bull.GENERALAPPEARANCE: Smooth-coated,fairly thick set, rather low instature, broad, powerful and compact. Head fairly large in proportion to size,but no point so much in excess of others as to destroy the general symmetry, ormake the dog appear deformed, or interfere with its powers of motion. Face relatively short, muzzle broad, bluntand inclined slightly upwards, although not excessively so. Dogs showingrespiratory distress highly undesirable. Body fairlyshort, well knit, limbs stout, well muscled and in hard condition with notendency towards obesity. Hindquarters high and strong. Bitches not so grand or well-developed asdogs.BEHAVIOURAND TEMPERAMENT:Conveys impression of determination, strength and activity. Alert, bold, loyal,dependable, courageous, fierce in appearance, but possessed of affectionatenature.HEAD Viewed from side,head appears very high and moderately short from back to point of nose.Forehead flat with skin on and about head, slightly loose and finelywrinkled without excess,neither prominent nor overhanging face. Face from front of cheek bone to nose, relativelyshort, skin may be slightly wrinkled. Distance frominner corner of eye (or from centre of stop between eyes) to extreme tip ofnose should not be less than the distance from tip of thenose to edge of the underlip. CRANIAL REGION: Skull: Skull relativelylarge in circumference. Viewed from front appears high from corner of lowerjaw to apex of skull; also broad and square. From stop, a furrow, extending to middle of skull being traceable toapex.Stop: Defined. FACIAL REGION:Viewed from front, the various propertiesof the face must be equally balanced on either side of an imaginary line downcentre. Nose: Nose and nostrils large, broad and black, under nocircumstances liver colour, red or brown. Nostrils large wide and open, with well-defined vertical straight line between.Muzzle: Muzzle short, broad, turned upwards and deep fromcorner of eye to corner of mouth. Over nose wrinkle, if present, whole orbroken, must never adversely affect or obscure eyes or nose. Pinched nostrils and heavy over nosewrinkle are unacceptable and should be heavily penalised.Lips: Flews (chops) thick, broad and deep, covering lower jaws at sides, but joining underlip in front. Teeth not visible. Jaws / Teeth: Jaws broad,strong and square, lower jaw slightlyprojecting in front of upper, withmoderate turn up. Jaws broad and square with six small front teeth betweencanines in an even row. Canines wide apart. Teeth large and strong not seenwhen mouth closed. When viewed from front under jaw directly under upper jawand parallel.Cheeks: Cheeks well rounded and extended sideways beyondeyes.Eyes: Seen from front, situated low down in skull, wellaway from ears. Eyes and