that begin later in childhood or in adulthood. In the mildest forms of glutaric acidemia type II, muscle weakness developing in adulthood may be the first sign of the disorder.How common is glutaric acidemia type II?Glutaric acidemia type II is a very rare disorder; its precise incidence is unknown. It has been reported in several different ethnic groups.What genes are related to glutaric acidemia type II?Mutations in any of three genes, ETFA, ETFB, and ETFDH, can result in glutaric acidemia type II. The ETFA and ETFB genes provide instructions for producing two protein segments, or subunits, that come together to make an enzyme called electron transfer flavoprotein. The ETFDH gene provides instructions for making another enzyme called electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase.Glutaric acidemia type II is caused by a deficiency in either of these two enzymes. Electron transfer flavoprotein and electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase are normally active in the mitochondria, which are the energy-producing centers of cells. These enzymes help break down proteins and fats to provide energy for the body. When one of the enzymes is defective or missing, partially broken down nutrients accumulate in the cells and damage them, causing the signs and symptoms of glutaric acidemia type II.People with mutations that result in a complete loss of either enzyme produced from the ETFA, ETFB or ETFDH genes are likely to experience the most severe symptoms of glutaric acidemia type II. Mutations that allow the enzyme to retain some activity may result in milder forms of the disorder.Read more about the ETFA, ETFB, and ETFDH genes.How do people inherit glutaric acidemia type II?This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.Where can I find information about diagnosis, management, or treatment of glutaric acidemia type II?These resources address the diagnosis or management of glutaric acidemia type II and may include treatment providers.Gene Tests: Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase DeficiencyYou might also find information on the diagnosis or management of glutaric acidemia type II in Educational resources and Patient support.To locate a healthcare provider, see How can I find a genetics professional in my area? in the Handbook.Where can I find additional information about glutaric acidemia type II?You may find the following resources about glutaric acidemia type II helpful. These materials are written for the general public.MedlinePlus - Health information (2 links)Educational resources - Information pages (2 links)Patient support - For patients and families (4 links)You may also be interested in these resources, which are designed for healthcare professionals and researchers.Gene Tests - DNA tests ordered by healthcare professionalsPubMed - Recent literatureOMIM - Genetic disorder catalogWhat other names do people use for glutaric acidemia type II?Electron transfer flavoprotein deficiencyEMAETFA deficiencyETFB deficiencyETFDH deficiencyEthylmalonic-adipicaciduriaGA IIGlutaric acidemia, type 2Glutaric aciduria, type 2MADMADDMultiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencymultiple FAD dehydrogenase deficiencyFor more information about naming genetic conditions, see the Genetics Home Reference Condition Naming Guidelines and How are genetic