the lower part moves outward (see landslide).snow linesni?na earaAn irregular line making the highest level to which the winter snow cover on a glacier is lost during a melt season.soil(1) puda, (2) zemina(1) A layer of weathered, unconsolidated material on the top of bedrock; often also defined as containing organic matter and being capable of supporting plant growth. (2) Geotechnical term for sediments, caving residual and volcanoclastic rocks.soil moisturevlhkost zeminyTerm expressing amount of water in soil by ratio between weight of water in a soil sample and weight of dry soil sample.solifluctionsoliflukceFlow of water-saturated debris over impermeable material.sortingtoidiniProcess of selection and separation of sediment grains according to their grain size (or grain shape or specific gravity).specific gravityspecificka hmotnostThe ratio of the mass of an equal volume of water, determined at a specified temperature.springpramenA place where water flows naturally out of rock onto the land surface.stalactitestalaktitIciclelike pendant of dripstone formed on cave ceilings.stalagmitestalagmitCone-shaped mass of dripstone formed on cave floors, generally directly below a stalactite.state of crystallizationstupen krystalizacestaurolitestaurolitTypical mineral of metamorphic rocks famous for its twinned crystals that form into the shape of a cross (or into the shape of the letter "X"). Shape of a crystals is columnar. Color is reddish-brown, brown, or black. Hardness is 7-7.5. Luster is vitreous to resinous to dull. Cleavage poor, in one direction. Fracture is uneven to conchoidal.stockpeoA small discordant pluton with an outcropping area of less than 100 square kilometers.straindeformaceChange in size (volume) or shape of a body (or rock unit) in response to stress.streakvrypColor of pulverized substance; a useful property for mineral identification.stream gradientDownhill slope of a stream's bed or the water surface, if the stream is very large.stream piracyThe natural diversion of the headwaters of one stream into the channel of another.stream terracesoieni terasySteplike landformes found above a stream and their flood plains.stresstlakA force acting on a body, or rock unit, that tends to change the size or shape of that body, or rock unit. Force per unit area within a body.striationspodelne ryhovani(1) On minerals, extremly straight, parallel lines; (2) Glacial-straight scratches in rock caused by abrasion by a moving glacier.strikesmir plochyThe compass direction of a line formed by the intersection of an inclined plane (such as a bedding plane) with a horizontal plane.strike-slip faulthorizontalni posunA fault in which movement is parallel to the strike of the fault surface.structural geologystrukturni geologieThe branch of geology concerned with the internal structure of bedrock and the shapes, arrangement, and interrelationships of rock units.structuretexturaMacroscopically distinguishable arrangement of mineral grains in a rock.subduction zonesubdukeni zonaMostly macroscopically distinguishable arrangement of mineral grains in a rock.submarine canyonpodmoosky kaoonV-shaped valley that run across the continental shelf and down the continental slope.superpositionsuperpoziceA principle or law stating that within a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rocks, the oldest layers are on the bottom, the youngest on the top.surface wavespovrchove vlnyA seismic waves that travel on the earth's surface.swellingbobtnaniIncreasing of mineral and rock volumes caused bz raising of moisture.syenitesyenitA plutonic igneous rock consisting principally of alkali feldspar, usually with one or more mafic minerals such as hornblende or biotite. A small amount of plagioclase may