sciences, electronics manufacturing, defense-related manufacturing, financial and business services, ship repair, ship construction, software development, telecommunications, wireless research, and tourism. The presence of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, promotes research in biotechnology.[6] San Diego is also designated as an iHub Innovation Center by former Gov. Schwarzeneggers Office of Economic Development.[7][8] Contents[hide]1 History2 Geography 2.1 Climate2.2 Ecology3 Cityscape 3.1 Communities and neighborhoods3.2 Downtown urban renewal4 Demographics 4.1 2006-08 American Community Survey estimates4.2 Other estimates4.3 Crime5 Economy 5.1 Defense5.2 Manufacturing5.3 Tourism5.4 Research5.5 Personal income5.6 Real estate5.7 Top Employers6 Education 6.1 Primary and secondary schools6.2 Colleges and universities6.3 Libraries7 Culture8 Sports9 Media10 Government 10.1 San Diego City Council10.2 Elections10.3 Politics10.4 County, state and federal10.5 Post office11 Infrastructure 11.1 Utilities11.2 Transportation 11.2.1 Freeways and highways 11.2.1.1 Major highways11.2.2 Public transportation11.2.3 Cycling11.2.4 Air11.2.5 Sea12 Sister cities13 See also14 References15 External links HistoryMain article: History of San Diego Mission San Diego de AlcalaThe area of San Diego has been inhabited for more than 10,000 years by the Kumeyaay Indians.[9] The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile, who sailed his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain. In 1542, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire and named the site San Miguel.[10] In November of 1602, Sebastian Vizcaino was sent to map the California coast. Arriving on his flagship San Diego, Vizcaino surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named the area for the Catholic Saint Didacus, a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego de Alcala. On November 12, 1602, the first Christian religious service of record in Alta California was conducted by Friar Antonio de la Ascension, a member of Vizcaino's expedition, to celebrate the feast day of San Diego.[11]In 1769, Gaspar de Portola established the Fort Presidio of San Diego overlooking Old Town. Around the same time, Mission San Diego de Alcala was founded by Franciscan friars under Father Junipero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in and around the mission proper.[12] It is the southern end in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Mission San Diego de Alcala's fortunes declined in the 1830s after Mexico won its independence from Spain and the decree of secularization was enacted, as was the case with all of the missions under the control of Mexico. However, it remains an active Catholic church and is a National Historic Landmark.[13]In 1847 San Diego was a destination of the 2,000-mile (3,200 km) march of the Mormon Battalion, members of whom established a brickyard and built the city's first courthouse at the corner of San Diego Avenue and Mason Street in Old Town.[14]The Battle of San Pasqual, a battle of the Mexican-American War, was fought in the San Pasqual Valley which is now part of the city of San Diego. With the end of that war and the great influx of Americans during the gold rush of 1848, California was admitted