and coordinated measures by coastalStates, flag States, port States and chartering nations and theStates of nationality of the beneficial owners and others who supportor engage in IUU fishing by identifying vessels engaged in IUUfishing and by depriving offenders of the benefits accruing from IUUfishing; as well as cooperating with developing countries tosystematically identify needs and build capacity, including supportfor monitoring, control, surveillance, compliance and enforcementsystems.171.We call upon States that have signed the FAO Agreement on Port StateMeasures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported andUnregulated Fishing to expedite procedures for its ratification witha view to its early entry into force.172.We recognize the need for transparency and accountability infisheries management by regional fisheries management organizations(RFMOs). We recognize the efforts already made by those RFMOs thathave undertaken independent performance reviews, and call on allRFMOs to regularly undertake such reviews and make the resultspublicly available. We encourage implementation of therecommendations of such reviews and recommend that thecomprehensiveness of those reviews be strengthened over time, asnecessary.173.We reaffirm our Johannesburg Plan of Implementation commitment toeliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported, andunregulated fishing and overcapacity taking into account theimportance of this sector to developing countries, and we reiterateour commitment to conclude multilateral disciplines on fisheriessubsidies which give effect to the WTO Doha Development Agenda andthe Hong Kong Ministerial mandates to strengthen disciplines onsubsidies in the fisheries sector, including through the prohibitionof certain forms of fisheries subsidies that contribute toovercapacity and over-fishing, recognising that appropriate andeffective special and differential treatment for developing and leastdeveloped countries should be an integral part of the WTO fisheriessubsidies negotiation, taking into account the importance of thesector to development priorities, poverty reduction, and livelihoodand food security concerns. We encourage States to further improvethe transparency and reporting of existing fisheries subsidiesprogrammes through the WTO. Given the state of fisheries resourcesand without prejudicing the WTO Doha and Hong Kong Ministerialmandates on fisheries subsidies nor the need to conclude thesenegotiations, we encourage States to eliminate subsidies thatcontribute to overcapacity and over-fishing, and to refrain fromintroducing new such subsidies or from extending or enhancingexisting such subsidies.174.We urge the identification and mainstreaming of strategies by 2014that further assist developing countries, in particular the leastdeveloped countries and small island developing States, in developingtheir national capacity to conserve, sustainably manage and realizethe benefits of sustainable fisheries, including through improvedmarket access for fish products from developing countries.175.We commit to observe the need to ensure access to fisheries, and theimportance of access to markets, by subsistence, small-scale andartisanal fishers and women fish workers, as well as indigenouspeoples and their communities particularly in developing countries,especially small island developing States.176.We also recognize the significant economic, social and environmentalcontributions of coral reefs, in particular to islands and othercoastal States, as well as the significant vulnerability of coralreefs and mangroves to impacts including from climate change, oceanacidification, overfishing, destructive fishing practices andpollution. We support international cooperation with a view toconserving coral reef and mangrove ecosystems and realizing theirsocial, economic and environmental benefits as well as facilitatingtechnical collaboration and voluntary information sharing.177.We reaffirm the importance of area based conservation measures,including marine protected areas consistent with international lawand