thegoodfellas/blogset-br huggingface dataset:
For A Period Of Time Not Finished, Such As: Today, This Week, This Year, Etc.Example: Have you read the newspaper today?Have you traveled this year?Have you watched T.V. today?Those Questions We Use In The Present Perfect:WHY? Because when we ask Have you read the newspaper today (today is not over, not finished)You can read the newspaper later. (today will be over only at midnight)So the Present Perfect is used for actions whereby the action can be continued or repeated.For example: when you ask Did you read the newspaper yesterday? (yesterday is over, finished)In Present Perfect the action is not over or finished, you can still read the newspaper today.- Have you read the newspaper today? Example:{_______________________________________________...................................................}1987 2000 2020 I have worked here for 17 yearsWhen we want to show the length of time of an action or state of being, that began in the past and is still continuing.{_________________________________________________________________________}4:00 oclock 6:00 oclock I arrived at 4:00 oclock I am still here I have been here for 2 hours.I have been here since 4:00 oclock. So we always use FOR or SINCE (Present Perfect) when we are talking about time. SINCE = yesterday, last year, 2:00 oclock.FOR = two years, two hours, months, years.PS: We only use yesterday, last night in the Present Perfect with since:Example: I saw Mary yesterday.I havent seen Mary since yesterday.I met Peter last night.I havent met Peter since last night. (since last night shows a length of time) {____________________ SINCE _________________}yesterday now - How long have you been here?- I have been here since four oclock.- I have been here for 2 hours.- How long have you worked here?- I have worked here for 2 years.- I have worked here since 1999.We also use the Present Perfect frequently with the words:Ever - Have you ever been to Europe? Just - for an action completed just now ( short time ago):She has just arrived. She has just left.Already - do your homework! I have already done it.clean your room! I have already cleaned it.Yet - Usually in the negative and interrogativeI havent done my homework yet. I will do it later.Have you done your homework yet?
e autoconfianca e resgatado, a Senhora G como os alunos a chamam, apresenta uma nova realidade possivel de transformacao como aponta Paulo Freire em sua obra Pedagogia do Oprimido, os alunos saem da condicao de marginalidade de oprimidos e iniciam no campo das possibilidades, ao lutarem pelos seus ideais, pelas suas conquistas ao enfrentarem os obstaculos, nao mais com a violencia, mais com o conhecimento.Richard Lagravanese apresenta de forma bastante respeitosa as dificuldades que ainda em pleno seculo XXI acompanha a educacao, ou seja, as mazelas da educacao brasileira nao sao diferentes das mazelas norte Americana. Nossas escolas passam por dificuldades semelhantes, professores que tentam desenvolver trabalhos e sao muitas vezes impedidos, nao conseguem apoio da comunidade escolar, e muitas vezes nao compactuam com as ideologias do sistema educacional, assemelha-se a este drama o filme Sociedade dos Poetas Mortos do autor Piter Weir em que professor tambem luta contra a focas do sistema educacional. Tornando-se muitas vezes um educador solitario. Saviani em Pedagogia Historico-Critica, fala que a educacao se faz quando e significativa, ou seja a escola tende ir ao encontro das necessidades, respeitar cada aluno, como cidadao dotado de seus direitos e deveres.O filme Escritores da Liberdade traz na sua essencia o resgate e a valorizacao a Educacao, e possivel ser um educador sem ser ditador, e um filme de facil entendimento e que traz significativas abordagens no seu contexto. Recomendado ao publico de graduacao ou especializacao em pedagogia, ainda a quem perceba na educacao uma forma de autonomia e que, com a cultura e conhecimento tem-se bases para o que o mundo seja melhor e mais digno para todos.
1-Verb To Be PresentAFFIRMATIVEI amYou areHe isShe isIt isWe areYou areThey are NEGATIVEI am notYou are notHe is notShe is notIt is notWe are notYou are notThey are not INTERROGATIVEAm I?Are you?Is he?Is She?Is it?Are we?Are you?Are they?Short Form of To beAFFIRMATIVEImYoureHesShesItsWereYoureTheyre NEGATIVEIm notYou arentHe isntShe isntIt isntWe arentYou arentThey arent INTERROGATIVEAm I?Are you?Is he?Is She?Is it?Are we?Are you?Are they?2-SIMPLE PRESENT[We use the Simple Present tense to describe an action which goes on every day or all the time.] every week - every month- every year todayAffirmative [He she it + S] I Like FishYou Like HamburgersHe Likes HotdogsShe Likes MilkIt Likes SodaWe Like MusicYou Like MoviesThey Like BeerInterrogative [ He- she it = does]Do I Like fish?Do You Like hamburgers?Does He Like hotdogs?Does She Like Milk?Does It Like Soda?Do We Like music?Do You Like movies?Do They Like Beer?Negative [ he-she it- = doesnt]I dont like fish?You dont like hamburgers?He doesnt like hotdogs?She doesnt like milk?It doesnt like soda?We dont like music?You dont like movies?They dont like beer?Simple Present: Exceptions.Verbs ended by [ch,sh, o, s,x + ES]AffirmativeI go I watch I wash I kissYou go You watch You wash You kissHe goes He watches He washes He kissesShe goes She watches She washes She kissesIt goes It watches It washes It kissesWe go We watch We wash We kissYou go You watch You wash You kissThey go They watch They wash They kissNegativeI dont go I dont watch I dont wash I dont kissYou dont go You dont watch You dont wash You dont kissHe doesnt go He doesnt watch He doesnt wash He doesnt kissShe doesnt go She doesnt watch She doesnt wash She doesnt kissIt doesnt go It doesnt watch It doesnt wash It doesnt kissWe dont go We dont watch We dont wash We dont kissYou dont go You dont watch You dont wash You dont kissThey dont go They dont watch They dont wash They dont kissInterrogativeDo I go? Do I watch? Do I wash? Do I kiss?Do you go? Do you watch? Do you wash? Do you kiss?Does he go? Does he watch? Does he wash? Does he kiss?Does she go? Does she watch? Does she wash? Does she kiss?Does it go? Does it watch? Does it wash? Does it kiss?Do we go? Do we watch? Don we wash? Do we kiss?Do you go? Do you watch? Do you wash? Do you kiss?Do they go? Do they watch? Do they wash? Do they kiss?End by [Y after consonant]Affirmative Interrogative NegativeI study Do I study? I dont studyYou study Do you study? You dont studyHe studies Does he study? He doesnt studyShe studies Does she study? She doesnt studyIt studies Does it study? It doesnt studyWe study Do we study? We dont studyYou study Do you study? You dont studyThey study Do they study? They dont studyVerb [To Have]Affirmative Interrogative NegativeI have Do I have? I dont haveYou have Do you have? You dont haveHe has Does he have? He doesnt haveShe has Does she have? She doesnt haveIt has Does it have? It doesnt haveWe have Do
main verb Present Past Past Participleto be was / were beenEx.: I have been here for three hours.she has never been there. Irregular RegularPresent Past Past Participlego went gonemeet met metsee saw seen Regular verbs: The Past Participle and the Past are the samePresent Past Past Perfectarrive arrived arrivedlive lived livedplay played playedThe Present Perfect tense: we use have or has + Past ParticipleAffirmative Negative InterrogativeI have seen I havent seen Have I seen?You have seen You havent seen Have you seen?He has seen He hasnt seen Has he seen?She has seen She hasnt seen Has she seen?It has seen It hasnt seen Has it seen?We have seen We havent seen Have we seen?You have seen You havent seen Have you seen?They have seen They havent seen Have they seen?short form: I have = Ive you have = youve he has = hes Ex.: Hes been here. Shes been here. Ive been here. We use the Present Perfect for an action at an indefinite time in the past, where the emphasis is not on the time but on the action.exemple: I have been to Argentina. (We dont mention the time or when)exemple: she has cleaned her house.Lets compare Present Perfect to Simple PastSimple Past Present PerfectI saw Mary at the party yesterday. I have seen Mary.I went to the club last week. I have been to the club.She traveled to Paris last year. She has traveled to Paris. He worked hard yesterday. He has worked hard.Pay attention to the difference.Simple Past we always mention the time.Yesterday, last week, two days ago, etc.Present Perfect we just give emphasis on e action. -Did you see Mary last night? - Have you seen Mary?-Yes, I did. - Yes, I have.-Did you go to Paris last year? -Have you been to Paris?-No, I didnt. -No, I havent.-Did you go to the movies last night? - Have you been to the movies?-Yes, I did. -Yes, I have. -Did you eat fish last Sunday? -Have you eaten fish?-No, I didnt. -Yes, I have.We also use:Have you ever been to the USA?Have you been to the new shopping mall?Have you ever been to Canada?Has she ever been to a concert?Have you ever been to Bahia?Have you ever been to Rio? (ever is emphatic)Pay attention to the difference: - She has been to the USA. (She was there, but now she is back)- She has gone to the USA. (She is there now or on her way there)We Also Use The Present Perfect For A Period Of Time Not Finished, such as: Today, This Week, This Year, Etc.Ex.: Have you read the newspaper today?Have you traveled this year?Have you watched T.V. today?Those Questions We Use In The Present Perfect:WHY? Because when we ask Have you read the newspaper today (today is not over, not finished)You can read the newspaper later. (today will be over only at midnight)So the Present Perfect is used for actions whereby the action can be continued or repeated.For example: when you ask Did you read the newspaper yesterday? (yesterday is over, finished)In Present Perfect the action
is not over or finished, you can still read the newspaper today.- Have you read the newspaper today? Example:{_______________________________________________...................................................}1987 2000 2020 I have worked here for 17 yearsWhen we want to show the length of time of an action or state of being, that began in the past and is still continuing.{_________________________________________________________________________}4:00 oclock 6:00 oclock I arrived at 4:00 oclock I am still here I have been here for 2 hours.I have been here since 4:00 oclock. So we always use FOR or SINCE (Present Perfect) when we are talking about time. SINCE = yesterday, last year, 2:00 oclock.FOR = two years, two hours, months, years.PS: We only use yesterday, last night in the Present Perfect with since:example: I saw Mary yesterday.I havent seen Mary since yesterday.I met Peter last night.I havent met Peter since last night. (since last night shows a length of time) {____________________ SINCE _________________}yesterday now - how long have you been here?- I have been here since four oclock.- I have been here for 2 hours.- How long have you worked here?- I have worked here for 2 years.- I have worked here since 1999.We also use the present perfect frequently with the words:Ever - Have you ever been to Europe? Just - for an action completed just now ( short time ago):she has just arrived. She has just left.Already - do your homework! I have already done it.clean your room! I have already cleaned it.Yet - Usually in the negative and interrogativeI havent done my homework yet. I will do it later.Have you done your homework yet?17-May and Might = (possibility)We use may or might to say that something is possible.We can use may or might in the Present and Future. Affirmativee.g.: He may be at home. (perhaps he is at home)She might be late. It might rain next year.She might arrive next Saturday. Negativee.g.: He may not come tonight.She might not be at home.They may not finish the work in time.It may not be sunny tomorrow.We can use may for permissionMay I come in?May I sit?May I go to the movies?To say what was possible in the past.May + have + past participleMight + have + past participlee.g.: He may have forgotten the meeting.She might have left her purse at home.They may have said the wrong words.She might have had a headache. More examplesMay I sit? = asking permissionI may go to the movies, I dont know = possibilityMay I smoke in here? = asking permissionI may study another language => possibility18-MustWe use must = to say that something is necessary (we can use it for the present or future)e.g.: I must study for the test.He must pay more attention to the teacher.Must I come here tomorrow. (future) Past we use must + have + past participlee.g.: He must have seen the accident.She must have left earlier.They must have made a mistake.Negative = must not = mustntMUSTNT = it is not necessary or a prohibitionYou mustnt smoke in here.Students mustnt miss classes.19-Going to PastAFFIRMATIVEI was going toYou were going toHe was going toShe was going toIt
was going toWe were going toYou were going toThey were going to NEGATIVEI wasnt going toYou werent going toHe wasnt going toShe wasnt going toIt wasnt going toWe werent going toYou werent going toThey werent going to INTERROGATIVEWas I going to?Were you going to?Was he going to?Was she going to?Was it going to?Were we going to?Were you going to?Were they going to?20-Past PerfectFORM [had + past participle]Examples: You had studied English before you moved to New York. Had you studied English before you moved to New York? You had not studied English before you moved to New York. USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the PastThe Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.Examples: I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Tony knew Los Angeles so well because he had visited the city several times. Had Sally ever studied Spanish before she moved to Spain? She only understood the movie because she had read the book. Kristine had never been to an opera before last night. We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance. USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)We use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years. They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past PerfectIt is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary.Example: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 2008 before she moved in with them in 2010.ADVERB PLACEMENTThe examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York?21-Present Perfect ContinuousHave or has + been + verb+ingExample: I have been studying.She has been waiting for 2 hours.Affirmative Short FormI have been studying I've been studyingYou have been studying You've been studyingHe has been studying He's been studyingShe has been studying She's been studying We have been studying We've been studyingYou have been studying You've been studying They have been studying. They've been studyingNegative Interrogative I haven't been studying have I been studying?You haven't been studying have you been studying? He hasn't been studying has he been studying? She hasn't been studying has she been studying? We haven't been studying have we been studying?
You haven't been studying have you been studying? They haven't been studying have they been studying?We use the Present Perfect Continuous - For an action that began in the past and is still going on at the time of speaking.I began studying two hours ago. I am still studying now. (this moment - it is 6 o'clock now).I have been studying for two hours.I have been studying since 4 o'clock.Present Perfect Continuous X Present PerfectI have been cleaning my house. {It means: I am still cleaning it now.}She has been writing postcards all day. {She is still writing them now.}I have cleaned my house.{it means: I finished.it.}She has written postcards.{She finished. }22-PASSIVEWe use the passive when it is not important who or what did the action.In the active the subject is important . I cooked dinnerIn the passive the subject is not used PassiveVerb to be + Past ParticiplePRESENTI write a letter.I write letters. PRESENT OF TO BEA letter is written. (by me)Letters are written. (by me)PASTHe wrote a letter yesterday.He wrote letters yesterday. PAST OF TO BEA letter was written (by him)Letters were written (by him)FUTUREI will write a letter.I am going to write a letter. FUTURE OF TO BEA letter will be written. (by me)A letter is going to be written. (by me)PRESENT PERFECTI have written a letter.He has written a letter.I have written letters. PAST PARTICIPLE OF TO BEA letter has been written by me.A letter has been written by him.Letters have been written by me.MODAL VERBSACTIVE1-I can write a letter2-I could write a letter3-I must write a letter4-I should write a letter Verb to be present without toPASSIVE1-A letter can be written by me2-A letter could be written by me3-A letter must be written by me4-A letter should be written by meWe use the passive for letters, reports, when we want to write better, we change the sentences into passive.For example: I have received your fax. (company situation)I = is not important to mention because you represent a group of people, a company, so you should write like this: Your fax has been received.The report was sent yesterday.The order was made last week.She was promoted chief executive officer.The fire was put out very fast.The work is done by machines.The work is done by women.The movie was directed by John Collins.People are expected to be polite.They were invited to go to the dinner party.I was born in 1987.(It is not necessary to use by me by him by them) You see who did the action is not important when we use the passiveThe fire was put out. (it is not important to know who put out the fire, but the action done).You always read passive in newspaper articles, magazines, reports.23-Future Conditionals ( Future Unreal ) Type 1FORM[If / When ... Simple Present ..., ... Simple Future ...][... Simple Future ... if / when ... Simple Present ...]Notice that there is no future in the if- or when-clause.USEA-The Future Conditional describes what you think you will do in a specific situation in the future. We are usually imagining or guessing
about the future.Examples: If I go to my friend's house for dinner tonight, I will take a bottle of wine or some flowers.I am still not sure if I will go to his house or not. When I have a day off from work, I will to the beach.I have to wait until I have a day off. If the weather is nice, she will walk to work.It depends on the weather. Jerry will help me with my homework when he has time.I have to wait until he has time.IMPORTANT If / WhenBoth "if" and "when" are used in the Future Conditional, "if" suggests that you do not know if something will happen or not. "When" suggests that something will definitely happen at some point; we are simply waiting for it to occur. When you call me, I will give you the address.You are going to call me later, and at that time, I will give you the address. If you call me, I will give you the address.If you want the address, you can call me.B-Present Unreal Conditional ( Type 2)FORM[If ... Simple Past ..., ... would + verb ...][... would + verb ... if ... Simple Past ...] USEThe Present Unreal Conditional is used to talk about what you would generally do in imaginary situations.Examples: If I owned a car, I would drive to work. But I don't own a car. She would travel around the world if she had more money. But she doesn't have much money. I would read more if I didn't watch so much TV. Mary would move to Japan if she spoke Japanese. If they worked harder, they would earn more money. A: What would you do if you won the lottery?B: I would buy a house. A: Where would you live if you moved to the U.S.?B: I would live in Seattle.EXCEPTION If I were ...In the Present Unreal Conditional, the form "was" is not considered grammatically correct. In written English or in testing situations, you should always use "were." However, in everyday conversation, "was" is often used.Examples: If he were French, he would live in Paris. If she were rich, she would buy a yacht. I would play basketball if I were taller. I would buy that computer if it were cheaper.EXCEPTION Conditional with Modal VerbsThere are some special conditional forms for modal verbs in English:would + can = couldwould + shall = shouldwould + may = mightThe words "can," "shall" and "may" cannot be used with "would." Instead, they must be used in these special forms. Examples: If I went to Egypt, I could learn Arabic. If she had time, she might go to the party. The words "could," should," "might" and "ought to" include conditional, so you cannot combine them with "would."Examples: If I had more time, I could exercise after work. CONDITIONAL TYPE 2If I had money, I would buy a house. ( Past would )I would buy a, house if I had money. ( would past )If I spoke English, I would find a good job.I would find a
good job, if I spoke English. Past Unreal Conditional Type 3FORM[If ... Past Perfect ..., ... would have + past participle ... ][... would have + past participle ... if ... Past Perfect ...]USEC-The Past Unreal Conditional is used to talk about imaginary situations in the past. You can describe what you would have done differently or how something could have happened differently if circumstances had been different.Examples: If I had owned a car, I would have driven to work. But I didn't own one, so I took the bus. She would have traveled around the world if she had had more money. But she didn't have much money, so she never traveled. I would have read more as a child if I hadn't watched so much TV. Unfortunately, I did watch a lot of TV, so I never read for entertainment. Mary would have gotten the job and moved to Japan if she had studied Japanese in school instead of French. If Jack had worked harder, he would have earned more money. Unfortunately, he was lazy and he didn't earn much. What would you have done if you had won the lottery last week?I would have bought a house. What city would you have chosen if you had decided to move to the United States?I would have chosen Seattle.