in planning the coup. America, too, had finally lost patience withNkrumah.John Stockwell, CIA officer in West Africa at time of coup Well, Howard Bain, who was the CIA station chief inAccra, engineered the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah. Now, obviously, you can look at it differentways; a Ghanaian might say "I thought we did it..?" Inside the CIA, though, it was quite clear: Howard Bain got a doublepromotion and the Intelligence Star for having overthrown Kwame Nkrumahin Ghana. The magic of it what made it so exciting to the CIA was that Howard Bain had had enough imagination and drive to run the operation withoutever documenting what he was doing [but] to sweep along his bosses in such a way [as] they knew what he wasdoing. Tacitly, they approved, but there wasn't one shred of paper that he generatedthat would nail the CIA hierarchy as being responsible.Nkrumah fled to Guinea andnever returned to Ghana. He died in 1972.In the 1950s, in the eyes ofthe West, his country had been a radiant model for what Africa was to become.But by the time he fell, that image had been replaced by a picture of acontinent wracked by military coups and corruption. In the late sixties, Westernjournalists travelled to Ghana to pick over the bones of his industrialexperiment. Their contemptuous reports seemed to confirm to the West a new mythof Africa: a continent unable to handle the complex pressures ofindustrialisation.[Unidentified voiceover (the reporter in the next clip from 24 Hours..?)] "Kwame Nkrumah, the communist messiah of Africa,came home in 1947 with the clothes he stood up in and acardboard suitcase. He left, nineteen years later, a multi-millionaire."[From an episode of] "TWENTY-FOUR HOURS", BBCTV 1969 [Reporter:] "He turned atwo-hundred-and-fifty-million-pound credit at independence to a six-hundred-million-pound debt; and he left Accra studded with expensivewhite elephants, such as thismassive saluting base here, in Black Star Square."[From an episode of] "HORIZON", BBCTV 1972 [Voiceover:] "Today, Black Star Square, built by Nkrumahfor mass parades to demonstrate enthusiasmfor his rule, remains as a bleak reminder of his conceit."[Back to the unidentified voiceover] "Overlooking the Square was [is?] "Job 600", [a modernist statevenue] built by Nkrumahspecially for the OAU [Organisation of African Unity] conference in 1965. It's never been used since."[Back to the 1972 Horizon episode] [Voiceover:] "This luxury block wasto house the Pan-African Congress. [It] never came."[Back to the unidentified voiceover] "There was the AccraTema motorway. Cost: sixmillion pounds to duplicate a fast, good road already in existence. [with reverberation added:] "They say the Russiansactually managed to sell snow-ploughs to this state inequatorial Africa..."For Ghana, the yearsfollowing Nkrumah's fall were ones of economic failure. The dam worked well,but the industrial world that was to have sprung up around it failed tomaterialise. Those Ghanaians who had been moved to make way for the dam foundthemselves stranded in the wreckage of Nkrumah's dream.Divine Tetteh, school teacher [at a] resettlement village I become quite disgusted because were are, directly,about three miles from the Volta dam, but we don't have power. No electricity, no water. So, myfeeling is that when we have [..?..], we can do