APPROACHES AND METHODS IN LANGUAGE TEACHINGAPPROACHAssumptions dealing with the nature of the language teaching and learning WHY METHODAn overall plan for the orderly presentation of the languageProceduralHOW we present language in the classroom - procedures involvedTECHNIQUEImplementational- (Correction techniques/drilling)WHAT actually takes place in the classroom - activitiesHISTORY OF ELT - AN OVERVIEWgrammar translation- grammar rulesdirect method - Berlitz L1=L2 - acquisitionreform movement - IPAAudiolingualism - drills/dialoguessituational language teaching - present language through situations (UK) - PPPASTP (war) - native speaker/language teacher - repetition/isolation (USA)task based - syllabus envolving taskslexical approach - chuncksfunctional/notional approach -communicative approach - getting your ideas acrosslanguage play - ludicrous (unreal life situation)methods associated with humanistic approachTPR CLLSilent WaySuggestopedia - background - music PHONOLOGYEnglish Alphabet: 26 letterssounds: 44 different soundsphonetics:the study of the sounds of human speechphonemics: particular sounds to a languagephonology:supra segmental features - linking ,ellision, sentence stressphonetic chart: vowel sounds(monophthongs,diphthongs)/consonant sounds(voiced, unvoiced)allophones:different variation of a soundarticulators: to procude sounds(upper/lower teeth, alveolar ridge, soft/hard palate, oral/nasal tract, tongue, lower lip,uvula, larynx, pharynx wal)clear/dark form (full sound/at the end/back resonance = dark -full ; clear sound/beginning and middle/front resonance =like)glottal stop: pause before a syllable//interesting websites!!!http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/#http://dictionary.cambridge.org/help/phonetics.htmhttp://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/IPA_chart_(C)2005.pdf READING SKILLSlistening,speaking, reading; writing - order of acquisition - macro skillsSKIMIMNG - reading quickly to understand the gist(main idea). Leaflets, classified ads, lists, google, surfing the webSCANNING - reading for specific information(recipes, manuals, TV guide, timetables)READING FOR DETAILS - reading to find precise information(tests, manuals, contracts, teacher's books, instructions)GUESSING NEW WORDS - using context/ co-text to derive a general understanding(newspaper article, crosswords, poetry, specific/academic texts)INFERENCE - reading between lines(social networking websites - facebook, lyrics, comic strips)ACTIVATE SHEMATA - previous knowledge - headings, picturesLOOKNIG FOR GIST - TASK - set BEFORE learners approach the textTOP DOWN reading - efficient reading/higher level - encourage students!!!BOTTOM UP reading - lower levels / reading all the words/building up a general pictureVOCABULARY: pre teach what students can't guess from context/co-text.NECESSARY PRE-CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE READING:language: manageablecontent: relevancespeed(interruption)attentionattention: focus on important partsincomprehensible vocabulary - reading for the context X vocab. class prediction background info: helps understandingmotivation: content, level - challenging ??purpose: clear task before they approach the text strategies: getting settled, activating schematic knowledge, using headings and/or sub-headings, using pictures_diagrams, the length of the textwhile reading....combining new information with existing knowledge contextual + co- textual guessing ignoring new vocabularyusing cohesive devices using illustrations highlighting the main points dictionary genre recognitionpost-reading...how the text made you feelsummarizingnew info learned (surprise)info transfer to another formatcomparing ideas with another studentdiscussion EXAM TRAINING - PART 1 Ola meninas estou em ritmo lento, mas preparando muitas novidades!!!Essas corujinhas porta CD fiz parapresentear as professoras da escola da minha filha no dia do professor, eu ameitrabalhar com EVA ha tempos nao o fazia.Abracos e boa semana para todas!!!Beijinhos Mari Depois de um longo inverno estou de volta para mostrar um quadrinho super fofo com uma proposta diferente dos quadrinhos que ja fiz, um pouco de scrap decor com arte francesa, presente para querida Lu que trouxe o lindo Davi ao mundo!!! Para todos os professores do Brasil a minha homenagem... Coisa mais fofa ne gente, amei fazer essa