how can he be clean that is born of a woman? Dead Sea Scrolls c100 BCE http://www.voxdeibaptist.org/anthropology_Pauline.htm c. 1QH 10.23 What is the spirit of flesh to fathom all these matters and to appreciate your great and wondrous secret? What is someone born of woman among all your awesome works? He is a structure of dust shaped with water, his base is the guilt of sin, vile unseemliness, source of impurity, over which a spirit of degeneracy rules. Talmud c200 CE http://www.come-and-hear.com/editor/critwords_2.html Tractate Shabbath 88bWhen Moses ascended on high, the ministering angels spake before the Holy One, blessed be He, 'Sovereign of the Universe! What business has one born of woman amongst us?' 'He has come to receive the Torah,' answered He to them. http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/hl/hl07.htm Tosephoth asks, "Why was not Eve numbered among these beauties, since even Sarah, in comparison with Eve, was an ape compared to a man?" The reply is, "Only those born of woman are here enumerated." (http://members.optusnet.com.au/gakuseidon/God_Who_Wasnt_There_analysis_update.htm, enfases dele.) [11] Burton also notes that the word usually translated as born (genomenon) is not the most unambiguous verb to use for this concept; a form of gennao, to give birth, would have been more straightforward. Instead, Paul uses a form of ginomai, which has a broader meaning of to become, to come into existence. Out of woman, of course, implies birth, but the point is, the broader concept lends itself better to the atmosphere of myth, if that is what Paul has in mind.(http://jesuspuzzle.humanists.net/supp8.htm) [12] However, the same Greek word is occasionally (& justifiably) translated as "born":- Plato's Republic, 8.553 "... When a son born ['genomenos' (root 'ginomai')] to the timocratic man at first emulates his father ..." (Paul Shorey's translation)- Josephus' Ant., I, XIX, 8 "... and when she [Lea] had born ['genomenou' (root 'ginomai')] a son, and her husband ... reconciled to her, she named her son Reubel ..." (Wm. Whiston's translation)- Josephus' Ant., VII, VII, 4 "... the child that was born ['genomenw' (root 'ginomai')] to David of the wife of Uriah ..." (Wm. Whiston's translation)- Pausanias' Description of Greece, 1.5.2 "... Antiochus, one of the children of Heracles borne ['genomenos' (root 'ginomai')] to him by Meda daughter of Phylas ..." (W.H.S. Jones & H.A. Ormerod's translation) (http://historical-jesus.info/djp2, enfases dele) [13] [...] Paul actually says in the same letter that one woman he is talking about is allegorical, representing the "heavenly" Jerusalem, not an actual woman (Gal. 4:23-31). That this is the same woman is suggested by the fact that this passage perfects an argument connected with the previous one, employing similar metaphors and vocabulary. It is thus consistent with Paul's own writings that he meant Jesus was born from the "woman" who is the Heavenly Jerusalem (thus fulfilling scripture and the logic of Paul's Christology). (http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/richard_carrier/jesuspuzzle.html) [14] E nisto Paulo provavelmente busca alfinetar os judaizantes na Galacia que alegavam, falsamente, procedencia da igreja em Jerusalem. [15] The term brother (adelphos) appears throughout Paul's letters, and was a common designation Christians gave each other. In 1 Corinthians 1:1 Sosthenes is called adelphos, as is Timothy in