the similar parts in question. Clear examples include genes controlling eye or limb growth in different organisms whose alleged common ancestors are not thought to have had such forms of eyes or limbs. For details, please see: A Primer on the Tree of Life.Regarding prediction 4, genetic research continues to uncover functions for junk-DNA, include functionality for pseudogenes, introns, LINE, ALU elements, and many other types of "junk DNA." Examples of unknown DNA functions persist, but design encourages researchers to investigate functions, whereas Darwinism has caused some scientists to wrongly assume that non-coding DNA is junk. In fact, ID proponents have been predicting the collapse of the "junk DNA" paradigm for many years. For details, please see: Intelligent Design and the Death of the "Junk-DNA" Neo-Darwinian Paradigm.These predictions are elaborated in "The Positive Case for Design." In this regard, below is a brief listing of some of the fields where ID provides a framework for predicting, understanding, and explaining the patterns we observe in nature from a wide variety of scientific fields: Biochemistry, where ID explains and predicts the presence of high levels of complex and specified information in proteins and DNA; Genetics, where ID predicts and explains function for so-called junk DNA while neo-Darwinism stifles such research; Systematics, where ID explains why there are similarities between living species, including examples of extreme genetic convergence that severely conflict with conventional evolutionary phylogenies; Cell biology, where ID explains why the cell resembles designed structures rather than accidental by-products of neo-Darwinian evolution, allowing scientists to better understand the workings of molecular machines; Systems biology, where ID encourages biologists to look at various biological systems as integrated components of larger systems that are designed to work together in a top-down, coordinated fashion, which is what biologists are finding is the case; Animal biology, where ID predicts function for allegedly vestigial organs, structures, or systems whereas evolution has made many faulty predictions here; Bioinformatics, where ID explains the presence of new layers of information and functional language embedded in the genetic codes, as well as other codes within biology; Information theory, where ID encourages scientists to understand where intelligent causes are superior to natural causes in producing certain types of information; Paleontology, where ID's prediction of irreducibly complexity in biological systems explains paleontological patterns such as the abrupt appearance of biological life forms, punctuated change, and stasis throughout the history of life; Physics and Cosmology, where ID encourages scientists to investigate and discover more instances of fine-tuning of the laws of physics and properties of our universe that uniquely allow for the existence of advanced forms of life;Finally, you might benefit from an Educator's Briefing Packet on Intelligent Design. We don't recommend pushing ID into the curriculum in public schools, so if you're interested in more information on Discovery Institute's recommended science education policy, please visit Discovery Institute's Science Education Policy or feel free to write back seeking more information.We help many educators to better understand the debate over evolution. Contact us for more information!Fonte:Discovery Institute