will soon lose anyone with whom anemotional attachment is formed. The person believes that, one way or another, closerelationships will end imminently. As children, these clients may have experienced thedivorce or death of parents. This schema can also arise when parents have beeninconsistent in attending to the childs needs; for instance, there may have beenfrequent occasions on which the child was left alone or unattended to for extendedperiods.Mistrust/AbuseThis schema refers to the expectation that others will intentionally take advantage insome way. People with this schema expect others to hurt, cheat, or put them down.They often think in terms of attacking first or getting revenge afterwards. In childhood,these clients were often abused or treated unfairly by parents, siblings, or peers.Defectiveness/ShameThis schema refers to the belief that one is internally flawed, and that, if others getclose, they will realize this and withdraw from the relationship. This feeling of beingflawed and inadequate often leads to a strong sens e of shame. Generally parents werevery critical of their children and made them feel as if they were not worthy of beingloved.Social Isolation/AlienationThis schema refers to the belief that one is isolated from the world, different from otherpeople, and/or not part of any community. This belief is usually caused by earlyexperiences in which children see that either they, or their families, are different fromother people.Dependence/IncompetenceThis schema refers to the belief that one is not capable of handling day-to-dayresponsibilities competently and independently. People with this schema often rely onothers excessively for help in areas such as decision-making and initiating new tasks.Generally, parents did not encourage these children to act independently and developconfidence in their ability to take care of themselves.Vulnerability to Harm and IllnessThis schema refers to the belief that one is always on the verge of experiencing a majorcatastrophe (financial, natural, medical, criminal, etc.). It may lead to taking excessiveprecautions to protect oneself. Usually there was an extremely fearful parent whopassed on the idea that the world is a dangerous place.Enmeshment/Undeveloped SelfThis schema refers to a pattern in which you experience too much emotionalinvolvement with others usually parents or romantic partners. It may also include thesense that one has too little individual identity or inner direction, causing a feeling ofemptiness or of floundering. This schema is often brought on by parents who are socontrolling, abusive, or overprotective that the child is discouraged from developing aseparate sense of self.This schema refers to the belief that one is incapable of performing as well as onespeers in areas such as career, school or sports. These clients may feel stupid, inept oruntalented. People with this schema often do not try to achieve because they believethat they will fail. This schema may develop if children are put down and treated as ifthey are a failure in school and other spheres of accomplishment. Usually the parentsdid not give enough support, discipline, and encouragement for the child to persist andsucceed in areas of achievement, such as schoolwork or sportThis schema refers to the belief that one must submit to the control of others in order toavoid negative consequences. Often these clients fear that, unless