then was overthrown by the Nassarite army the following year. As before, this did not break the power of the dynasty, and a long civil war followed, with the King supported by Saudi Arabia and Jordan and the Nassarites by, naturally, the Egypt of Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser died in 1970, but, with 150,000 dead, the King gave up and went into exile. Meanwhile, things got more complicated when the British left Aden in 1967. The new People's Republic of South Yemen soon lapsed into civil war itself and was restyled the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen when the more radical Marxists, i.e. the Communists, won the war in 1970. Bubbling with violence, the radicals kept attacking the Yemen Arab Republic, to which 300,000 refugees, disillusioned with Marxism, fled, and war broke out between them in 1979. In 1990 this got resolved by the actual unification of North and South -- now simply known as the Republic of Yemen. The unification came apart in another brief civil war, 1994-95, but things got patched back together again. Although now friendly with the West, the country became the scene for one of the Islamist terror attacks leading up to 9/11 -- the bombing of the United States destroyer Cole on 12 October 2000 in Aden harbor. Where the "Democratic Republic" had invited Soviet troops in during the 1970's, American forces now help hunt down al-Qaeda members.Index of Mesopotamian and Ancient Middle Eastern HistoryHellenistic IndexIslamic IndexPhilosophy of HistoryHome PageCopyright (c) 2005 Kelley L. Ross, Ph.D. All Rights ReservedMODERN ISLAMThe Sultans of Brunei, 1405-presentThe Rajahs of Sarawak, 1841-1946The Shahs of Iran, 1501-1979Qasimids Imams of Yemen, 1597-1962The Shihabi Amirs of Lebanon, 1697-1842 ADThe House of Sa'ud, 1735-presentAfghanistan, 1747-1973The Sult.ans of Oman and Zanzibar, 1754-presentThe House of Muh.ammad 'Ali in Egypt, 1805-1953 ADThe Sanusi Amirs & Kings of Libya, 1837-1969 ADThe Hashimites, 1827-presentThe 'Alawid Sharifs, Sult.ans, & Kings of Morocco, 1640-presentThe H.usaynid Beys of Tunisia, 1705-1957Prime Ministers & Presidents of PakistanIslamic Fascism and Satyagraha in Palestine"Modern Islam" here means Ottoman successor regimes in the Central Islamic lands, with some states that were never Ottoman (like Oman) but rode out the Colonial period into significant contemporary roles. Iran is listed separately, though it definitely falls into the latter category. Morocco alone of the Arab world retains a genuinely Mediaeval monarchy.SULT.ANS OF OMAN AND ZANZIBARAh.mad ibn Sa'idc. 1754-1783Sa'id ibn Ah.mad1783-1786H.amid ibn Sa'id1786-1792Sult.an ibn Ah.mad1792-1806Treaty with British East India Company, 1798Salim ibn Sult.an1806-1821Sa'id ibn Sult.an1806-1856OMANZANZIBARThuwayni ibn Sa'id1856-1866Majid ibn Sa'id1856-1870Salim ibn Thuwayni1866-1868'Azzan ibn Qays1868-1870Turki ibn Sa'id1870-1888Barghash ibn Sa'id1870-1888Fays.al ibn Turki1888-1913Khalifa ibn Barghash1888-1890British Protectorate, 1890'Ali ibn Sa'id1890-1893H.amid ibn Thuwayni1893-1896H.ammudibn Muh.ammad1896-1902'Ali ibn H.ammud1902-1911Taymur ibn Fays.al1913-1932Khalifa ibn Kharub1911-1960Sa'id ibn Taymur1932-1970'Abdallah ibn Khalifa1960-1963Jamshid ibn 'Abdallah1963-1964Independent, 1963;Sult.an Overthown in Coup,1964End of British Protection, 1967linked to Tanganyikaas Republic of Tanzania,1964-presentQabus ibn Sa'id1970-presentThe Al Bu Sa'id dynasty, of Muscat, Zanzibar, and Oman, essentially exercised Arab sea power in the Indian Ocean until the domination of Europe became overwhelming. After fighting off the Portuguese and Dutch, the Omani position was strengthened by an alliance with Britain -- which lasted until Britain withdrew from commitments East of Suez in 1967. Sa'id