Direct and Indirect SpeechNo discurso direto, nos temos as palavras exatamente como sao ditas pela pessoa que fala e geralmente indicadas entre aspas ou travessao. No discurso indireto, quando relatamos as palavras ditas por alguem, mantemos o mesmo significado, mas com uma forma diferente. Say e tell sao os verbos usados nesse tipo de estrutura. Veja nas tabelas a seguir as principais mudancas a serem feitas para converter o discurso direto em indireto:Mudanca nos tempos verbaisDiscurso diretoDiscurso IndiretoSimple PresentSimple PastPresent ContinuousPast ContinuousSimple PastPast PerfectPresent PerfectPast PerfectSimple FutureSimple ConditionalSimple ConditionalConditional PerfectMayMightCanCouldPast ContinuousPast ContinuousPast PerfectPast PerfectCouldCouldMightMightShouldShouldOughtOughtExemplos:Ringo said, I study hard to pass my exams.Ringo said he studied hard to pass his exams.Anthony said I am going downtown now.Anthony said he was going downtown then.Emilia said I didnt buy that dog!Emilia said she hadnt bought that dog.I said I have lived here for ages.I said I had lived there for ages.The boys said to his friends well win the match!The boys told his friends that they would win the match.I said to my girlfriend love can tear us apart.I told my girlfriend that love could tear us apart. Quando dizemos Katy plays the piano (Katy toca piano), fica evidente a existencia da voz ativa, ou seja, o sujeito esta realizando a acao. A voz passiva ou passive voice e justamente o contrario disso, em outras palavras, e quando o sujeito recebe a acao. No nosso exemplo, na voz passiva ficaria The piano is played. Note que nos omitimos o sujeito. Por que? Porque essa e justamente uma das principais caracteristicas da passive voice: a acao e sempre mais importante que o sujeito, em alguns casos o sujeito nem mesmo e conhecido. Exemplo: Na frase America was discovered in 1492. (A America foi descoberta em 1492), estamos preocupados em ressaltar o descobrimento, e nao quem descobriu a America. Para transformarmos uma oracao na voz ativa para a voz passiva, basta colocarmos o verbo to be no mesmo tempo verbal em que estiver o verbo principal, colocado sempre no participio:Sujeito + forma do verbo "to be" (no mesmo tempo verbal) + past participleExemplo: Para passar a frase They will write that letter. (Eles escreverao aquela carta) para a voz passiva, ficaria: That letter (Sujeito) will be (Verbo to be) written (past participle) by them. (Aquela carta sera escrita por eles.) Tempo verbalVoz ativaVoz passivaSimple presentTake/takesIs/are takenSimple pastTookWas/were takenPresent ContinuousAm/is/are takingAm/is/are being takenPast continuousWas/were takingWas/were being takenSimple FutureWill takeWill be takenSimple conditionalWould takeWould be takenPresent perfectHave/has takenHave/has been takenPast perfectHad takenHad been takenModal auxiliaryCan/could/must/etc...Modal+be+past.part.Exemplos:Voz ativaVoz passivaMy father is a builder. He builds the house.The house is built (by my father).My father built the house.The house was built.My father is building the house.The house is being built.My father was building the house.The house was being built.My father will build the house.The house will be built.My father would build the house.The house would be built.My father has built the house.The house has been built.My father had built the house.The house had been built.My father could build the house.The house could be built.Compare estes outros exemplos:Somebody cleans this room everyday.This room