Abu Sa'id824-872Abu Bakr872-874Muh.ammad Abu'l-Yaqz.an874-894Yusuf Abu H.atim894-895, 899-?Ya'qub895-899, ?-907Yaqz.an907-909Fatimid Conquest, 909The Hammadids of Algeria, 1015-1152 ADH.ammad1015-1028al-Qa'id Sharaf ad-Dawla1028-1054Muh.sin1054-1055Buluggin II1055-1062al-Nas.ir1062-1088al-Mans.ur1088-1105Badis1105al-'Aziz1105-1121/24Yah.ya1121/24-1152Almohad Conquest, 1152After the Ommayads prevented the imposition of Abbasid authority in Spain, the first territories to be wholly alienated from the Caliphate were in North Africa -- the Maghrib, the "West." This was mostly a matter of heterodoxy. The Rustamids were Kharijites.The Zirids of Tunisia, 947-1163 ADZiriGovernor,947-972Yusuf Buluggin I972-984al-Mans.ur984-996Badis Nas.ir ad-Dawla996-1016Division of Tunisia & Algeria, 1015al-Mu'izz1016-1062Breaks with Shi'ism & Fatimids, 1049; invasion of Banu Sulaym and Hilali, 1051Tamim1062-1108conquest of Sicily by Normans, 1061-1091Yah.ya1108-1116'Ali1116-1121al-H.asan1121-1148;Governor,1148-1163,d.1168conquest by Normans then Almohads, 1148In the East the Kharijites had been a violent and revolutionary heresy, denying that those who violated the moral strictures of Islam were even Muslims. In the East, they were suppressed amid great slaughter. In North Africa, the sect finds a nationalistic base among the Berbers, creating a mass movement, beginning with the Rustamids, such as didn't exist in the East.In Morocco, under Idris I ibn 'Abdallah, a great-grandson of H.asan, the son of 'Ali, we get another movement. With his background, it is perhaps not surprising that Idris both claimed the Caliphate and established Shi'ism. He also founded the Madinat Fas, the city of Fez. Eventually the Idrisids fragmented and then fell to the Fatimids, who inherited the mantle of the Shi'ite Caliphate. Years later, an Idrisid branch, the H.ammudids became one of the Reyes de Taifas of Spain.The other two North African dynasties given here (perhaps a bit out of sequence) were successors to the Fatimids. These began with Ziri ibn Manad, a Berber retainer of the Fatimids. His son, Buluggin, was appointed Fatimid governor of Ifriqiya. As with the Abbasids, so with the Zirids. They began to drift away into autonomy. In 1015, Badis ceded the western part of the territory to his uncle H.ammad, after a falling out over H.ammad's shift in allegiance to the Abbasids. Thus we get a division between Algeria and Tunisia. The Fatimids didn't much worry about autonomy in North Africa, but they were outraged when the Amir al-Mu'izz changed his own allegiance to the Abbasids -- even while the Hammadids had returned to Shi'ism. The Fatimids were too weak at this point (1049) to visit their own vengeance, so they directed instead two Arab tribes, the Banu Hilal and the Banu Sulaym, to do the job for them (1051). The result was an unorganized pillaging, which mainly just ruined the countryside and hinterland. The Zirids and Hammadids moved down to the coast and built fleets. This was useful against the Norman conquest of Sicily but ultimately, by 1091, the Normans succeeded, ending the history of Islamic Sicily that had begun with the Aghlabids. Eventually the Almohads ended both regimes and unified North Africa again.THE FATIMID CALIPHSal-Mah.di909-934Shi'ite (Sevener) Caliphate established in North Africa to rival Orthodox Abbasid Caliphateal-Qa'im934-946al-Mans.ur946-952al-Mu'izz952-975Egypt occupied, Caliphate removed to new city, al-Qahirah -- Cairo -- 969al-'Aziz975-996al-H.akim996-1021az.Z.ahir1021-1035al-Mustans.ir1035-1094al-Musta'li1094-1101al-'Amir1101-1130collateral line assumes throne; no longer considered to be Shi'ite Imamsal-H.afiz.1130-1149az.Z.afir1149-1154Apostacy of & Zirids, 1049; dispatch of Banu Sulaym and Hilali into Tunisia, 1051al-Fa'iz1154-1160al-'Ad.id1160-1171dies natural death as Egypt passes to Yusuf