thegoodfellas/blogset-br huggingface dataset:
if it is simply in the quiescent state of being mentioned, without enlargement or discussion -- Nominative case; but if this rain is lying around, in a kind of a general way on the ground, it is then definitely located, it is doing something -- that is, resting (which is one of the German grammar's ideas of doing something), and this throws the rain into the Dative case, and makes it dem Regen. However, this rain is not resting, but is doing something actively, -- it is falling -- to interfere with the bird, likely -- and this indicates movement, which has the effect of sliding it into the Accusative case and changing dem Regen into den Regen." Having completed the grammatical horoscope of this matter, I answer up confidently and state in German that the bird is staying in the blacksmith shop "wegen (on account of) den Regen." Then the teacher lets me softly down with the remark that whenever the word "wegen" drops into a sentence, it always throws that subject into the Genitive case, regardless of consequences -- and that therefore this bird stayed in the blacksmith shop "wegen des Regens."y German was very rare, possibly a "unique"; and wanted to add it to his museum.N. B. -- I was informed, later, by a higher authority, that there was an "exception" which permits one to say "wegen den Regen" in certain peculiar and complex circumstances, but that this exception is not extended to anything but rain.There are ten parts of speech, and they are all troublesome. An average sentence, in a German newspaper, is a sublime and impressive curiosity; it occupies a quarter of a column; it contains all the ten parts of speech -- not in regular order, but mixed; it is built mainly of compound words constructed by the writer on the spot, and not to be found in any dictionary -- six or seven words compacted into one, without joint or seam -- that is, without hyphens; it treats of fourteen or fifteen different subjects, each inclosed in a parenthesis of its own, with here and there extra parentheses which reinclose three or four of the minor parentheses, making pens within pens: finally, all the parentheses and reparentheses are massed together between a couple of king-parentheses, one of which is placed in the first line of the majestic sentence and the other in the middle of the last line of it -- after which comes the VERB, and you find out for the first time what the man has been talking about; and after the verb -- merely by way of ornament, as far as I can make out -- the writer shovels in "haben sind gewesen gehabt haben geworden sein," or words to that effect, and the monument is finished. I suppose that this closing hurrah is in the nature of the flourish to a man's signature -- not necessary, but pretty. German books are easy enough to read when you hold them before the looking-glass or stand on your head -- so as to
reverse the construction -- but I think that to learn to read and understand a German newspaper is a thing which must always remain an impossibility to a foreigner.Yet even the German books are not entirely free from attacks of the Parenthesis distemper -- though they are usually so mild as to cover only a few lines, and therefore when you at last get down to the verb it carries some meaning to your mind because you are able to remember a good deal of what has gone before. Now here is a sentence from a popular and excellent German novel -- which a slight parenthesis in it. I will make a perfectly literal translation, and throw in the parenthesis-marks and some hyphens for the assistance of the reader -- though in the original there are no parenthesis-marks or hyphens, and the reader is left to flounder through to the remote verb the best way he can:"But when he, upon the street, the (in-satin-and-silk-covered-now -very-unconstrained-after-thenewest-fashioned-dressed) government counselor's wife met," etc., etc. [1]1. Wenn er aber auf der Strasse der in Sammt und Seide gehullten jetzt sehr ungenirt nach der neusten Mode gekleideten Regierungsrathin begegnet.That is from The Old Mamselle's Secret, by Mrs. Marlitt. And that sentence is constructed upon the most approved German model. You observe how far that verb is from the reader's base of operations; well, in a German newspaper they put their verb away over on the next page; and I have heard that sometimes after stringing along the exciting preliminaries and parentheses for a column or two, they get in a hurry and have to go to press without getting to the verb at all. Of course, then, the reader is left in a very exhausted and ignorant state.We have the Parenthesis disease in our literature, too; and one may see cases of it every day in our books and newspapers: but with us it is the mark and sign of an unpracticed writer or a cloudy intellect, whereas with the Germans it is doubtless the mark and sign of a practiced pen and of the presence of that sort of luminous intellectual fog which stands for clearness among these people. For surely it is not clearness -- it necessarily can't be clearness. Even a jury would have penetration enough to discover that. A writer's ideas must be a good deal confused, a good deal out of line and sequence, when he starts out to say that a man met a counselor's wife in the street, and then right in the midst of this so simple undertaking halts these approaching people and makes them stand still until he jots down an inventory of the woman's dress. That is manifestly absurd. It reminds a person of those dentists who secure your instant and breathless interest in a tooth by taking a grip on it with the forceps, and then stand there and drawl through a tedious anecdote before they give the dreaded jerk. Parentheses in literature and dentistry are in bad taste.The Germans have another kind of parenthesis, which
they make by splitting a verb in two and putting half of it at the beginning of an exciting chapter and the other half at the end of it. Can any one conceive of anything more confusing than that? These things are called "separable verbs." The German grammar is blistered all over with separable verbs; and the wider the two portions of one of them are spread apart, the better the author of the crime is pleased with his performance. A favorite one is reiste ab -- which means departed. Here is an example which I culled from a novel and reduced to English:"The trunks being now ready, he DE- after kissing his mother and sisters, and once more pressing to his bosom his adored Gretchen, who, dressed in simple white muslin, with a single tuberose in the ample folds of her rich brown hair, had tottered feebly down the stairs, still pale from the terror and excitement of the past evening, but longing to lay her poor aching head yet once again upon the breast of him whom she loved more dearly than life itself, PARTED."However, it is not well to dwell too much on the separable verbs. One is sure to lose his temper early; and if he sticks to the subject, and will not be warned, it will at last either soften his brain or petrify it. Personal pronouns and adjectives are a fruitful nuisance in this language, and should have been left out. For instance, the same sound, sie, means you, and it means she, and it means her, and it means it, and it means they, and it means them. Think of the ragged poverty of a language which has to make one word do the work of six -- and a poor little weak thing of only three letters at that. But mainly, think of the exasperation of never knowing which of these meanings the speaker is trying to convey. This explains why, whenever a person says sie to me, I generally try to kill him, if a stranger.Now observe the Adjective. Here was a case where simplicity would have been an advantage; therefore, for no other reason, the inventor of this language complicated it all he could. When we wish to speak of our "good friend or friends," in our enlightened tongue, we stick to the one form and have no trouble or hard feeling about it; but with the German tongue it is different. When a German gets his hands on an adjective, he declines it, and keeps on declining it until the common sense is all declined out of it. It is as bad as Latin. He says, for instance:SINGULARNominative -- Mein guter Freund, my good friend.Genitive -- Meines guten Freundes, of my good friend.Dative -- Meinem guten Freund, to my good friend.Accusative -- Meinen guten Freund, my good friend.PLURALN. -- Meine guten Freunde, my good friends.G. -- Meiner guten Freunde, of my good friends.D. -- Meinen guten Freunden, to my good friends.A. -- Meine guten Freunde, my good friends.Now let the candidate
for the asylum try to memorize those variations, and see how soon he will be elected. One might better go without friends in Germany than take all this trouble about them. I have shown what a bother it is to decline a good (male) friend; well this is only a third of the work, for there is a variety of new distortions of the adjective to be learned when the object is feminine, and still another when the object is neuter. Now there are more adjectives in this language than there are black cats in Switzerland, and they must all be as elaborately declined as the examples above suggested. Difficult? -- troublesome? -- these words cannot describe it. I heard a Californian student in Heidelberg say, in one of his calmest moods, that he would rather decline two drinks than one German adjective.The inventor of the language seems to have taken pleasure in complicating it in every way he could think of. For instance, if one is casually referring to a house, Haus, or a horse, Pferd, or a dog, Hund, he spells these words as I have indicated; but if he is referring to them in the Dative case, he sticks on a foolish and unnecessary e and spells them Hause, Pferde, Hunde. So, as an added e often signifies the plural, as the s does with us, the new student is likely to go on for a month making twins out of a Dative dog before he discovers his mistake; and on the other hand, many a new student who could ill afford loss, has bought and paid for two dogs and only got one of them, because he ignorantly bought that dog in the Dative singular when he really supposed he was talking plural -- which left the law on the seller's side, of course, by the strict rules of grammar, and therefore a suit for recovery could not lie.In German, all the Nouns begin with a capital letter. Now that is a good idea; and a good idea, in this language, is necessarily conspicuous from its lonesomeness. I consider this capitalizing of nouns a good idea, because by reason of it you are almost always able to tell a noun the minute you see it. You fall into error occasionally, because you mistake the name of a person for the name of a thing, and waste a good deal of time trying to dig a meaning out of it. German names almost always do mean something, and this helps to deceive the student. I translated a passage one day, which said that "the infuriated tigress broke loose and utterly ate up the unfortunate fir forest" (Tannenwald). When I was girding up my loins to doubt this, I found out that Tannenwald in this instance was a man's name.Every noun has a gender, and there is no sense or system in the distribution; so the gender of each must be learned separately and by heart. There is no other way. To do this one has to have a memory
like a memorandum-book. In German, a young lady has no sex, while a turnip has. Think what overwrought reverence that shows for the turnip, and what callous disrespect for the girl. See how it looks in print -- I translate this from a conversation in one of the best of the German Sunday-school books:"Gretchen.Wilhelm, where is the turnip?Wilhelm.She has gone to the kitchen.Gretchen.Where is the accomplished and beautiful English maiden?Wilhelm.It has gone to the opera."To continue with the German genders: a tree is male, its buds are female, its leaves are neuter; horses are sexless, dogs are male, cats are female -- tomcats included, of course; a person's mouth, neck, bosom, elbows, fingers, nails, feet, and body are of the male sex, and his head is male or neuter according to the word selected to signify it, and not according to the sex of the individual who wears it -- for in Germany all the women either male heads or sexless ones; a person's nose, lips, shoulders, breast, hands, and toes are of the female sex; and his hair, ears, eyes, chin, legs, knees, heart, and conscience haven't any sex at all. The inventor of the language probably got what he knew about a conscience from hearsay.Now, by the above dissection, the reader will see that in Germany a man may think he is a man, but when he comes to look into the matter closely, he is bound to have his doubts; he finds that in sober truth he is a most ridiculous mixture; and if he ends by trying to comfort himself with the thought that he can at least depend on a third of this mess as being manly and masculine, the humiliating second thought will quickly remind him that in this respect he is no better off than any woman or cow in the land.In the German it is true that by some oversight of the inventor of the language, a Woman is a female; but a Wife (Weib) is not -- which is unfortunate. A Wife, here, has no sex; she is neuter; so, according to the grammar, a fish is he, his scales are she, but a fishwife is neither. To describe a wife as sexless may be called under-description; that is bad enough, but over-description is surely worse. A German speaks of an Englishman as the Englander; to change the sex, he adds inn, and that stands for Englishwoman -- Englanderinn. That seems descriptive enough, but still it is not exact enough for a German; so he precedes the word with that article which indicates that the creature to follow is feminine, and writes it down thus: "die Englanderinn," -- which means "the she-Englishwoman." I consider that that person is over-described.Well, after the student has learned the sex of a great number of nouns, he is still in a difficulty, because he finds it impossible to persuade his tongue to refer to things as "he" and "she," and "him" and "her," which it has been always accustomed to refer to it as "it." When he
even frames a German sentence in his mind, with the hims and hers in the right places, and then works up his courage to the utterance-point, it is no use -- the moment he begins to speak his tongue flies the track and all those labored males and females come out as "its." And even when he is reading German to himself, he always calls those things "it," where as he ought to read in this way:TALE OF THE FISHWIFE AND ITS SAD FATEIt is a bleak Day. Hear the Rain, how he pours, and the Hail, how he rattles; and see the Snow, how he drifts along, and of the Mud, how deep he is! Ah the poor Fishwife, it is stuck fast in the Mire; it has dropped its Basket of Fishes; and its Hands have been cut by the Scales as it seized some of the falling Creatures; and one Scale has even got into its Eye, and it cannot get her out. It opens its Mouth to cry for Help; but if any Sound comes out of him, alas he is drowned by the raging of the Storm. And now a Tomcat has got one of the Fishes and she will surely escape with him. No, she bites off a Fin, she holds her in her Mouth -- will she swallow her? No, the Fishwife's brave Mother-dog deserts his Puppies and rescues the Fin -- which he eats, himself, as his Reward. O, horror, the Lightning has struck the Fish-basket; he sets him on Fire; see the Flame, how she licks the doomed Utensil with her red and angry Tongue; now she attacks the helpless Fishwife's Foot -- she burns him up, all but the big Toe, and even she is partly consumed; and still she spreads, still she waves her fiery Tongues; she attacks the Fishwife's Leg and destroys it; she attacks its Hand and destroys her also; she attacks the Fishwife's Leg and destroys her also; she attacks its Body and consumes him; she wreathes herself about its Heart and it is consumed; next about its Breast, and in a Moment she is a Cinder; now she reaches its Neck -- he goes; now its Chin -- it goes; now its Nose -- she goes. In another Moment, except Help come, the Fishwife will be no more. Time presses -- is there none to succor and save? Yes! Joy, joy, with flying Feet the she-Englishwoman comes! But alas, the generous she-Female is too late: where now is the fated Fishwife? It has ceased from its Sufferings, it has gone to a better Land; all that is left of it for its loved Ones to lament over, is this poor smoldering Ash-heap. Ah, woeful, woeful Ash-heap! Let us take him up tenderly, reverently, upon the lowly Shovel, and bear him to his long Rest, with the Prayer that when he rises again it will be a Realm where he will have one good square responsible Sex, and have it all to himself, instead of having a mangy
lot of assorted Sexes scattered all over him in Spots.There, now, the reader can see for himself that this pronoun business is a very awkward thing for the unaccustomed tongue. I suppose that in all languages the similarities of look and sound between words which have no similarity in meaning are a fruitful source of perplexity to the foreigner. It is so in our tongue, and it is notably the case in the German. Now there is that troublesome word vermahlt: to me it has so close a resemblance -- either real or fancied -- to three or four other words, that I never know whether it means despised, painted, suspected, or married; until I look in the dictionary, and then I find it means the latter. There are lots of such words and they are a great torment. To increase the difficulty there are words which seem to resemble each other, and yet do not; but they make just as much trouble as if they did. For instance, there is the word vermiethen (to let, to lease, to hire); and the word verheirathen (another way of saying to marry). I heard of an Englishman who knocked at a man's door in Heidelberg and proposed, in the best German he could command, to "verheirathen" that house. Then there are some words which mean one thing when you emphasize the first syllable, but mean something very different if you throw the emphasis on the last syllable. For instance, there is a word which means a runaway, or the act of glancing through a book, according to the placing of the emphasis; and another word which signifies to associate with a man, or to avoid him, according to where you put the emphasis -- and you can generally depend on putting it in the wrong place and getting into trouble.
comportato una rottura nella storia della liturgia, le cui conseguenze potevano solo essere tragiche.La Commissione Teologica Internazionale e l'ordinazione episcopaleDopo l'esperienza conciliare, Ratzinger viene chiamato a far parte della Commissione Teologica Internazionale. Fonda, assieme ad altri eminenti teologi, la rivista internazionale Communio, che ancora oggi prosegue la sua attivita. Nel frattempo, prosegue la sua intensa e feconda esperienza di docente, prima a Bonn, poi a Munster, Tubinga (chiamato dal teologo svizzero Hans Kung) e infine a Ratisbona. E' fiero oppositore della svolta sessantottina. Critica alla radice lo spirito utopico di quegli anni e l'infiltrarsi, anche nella Chiesa, dell'idea marxista della realizzazione di un paradiso in terra dimentico della reale natura e delle piu profonde esigenze spirituali dell'uomo.Nel 1977, Paolo VI lo nomina arcivescovo di Monaco e Frisinga. Cattedra che terra fino al 1981, anno in cui verra chiamato a Roma, da Giovanni Paolo II, a presiedere la Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede.Una storia che continua...E qui inizia la storia recente del cardinale Ratzinger, una storia culminata, lo scorso 19 aprile, con l'elezione al soglio pontificio col nome di Benedetto XVI. L'autobiografia si conclude proprio con la testimonianza dell'esperienza pastorale a Monaco. E si conclude, nell'ultima pagina, con il richiamo all'orso di Corbiniano, primo vescovo di Monaco e Frisinga, che Ratzinger ha fatto apporre anche nel suo stemma pontificio, e che ci riporta all'immagine di quel semplice ed umile lavoratore nella vigna del Signore con cui egli si e voluto definire subito dopo l'elezione papale: Un orso - racconta - aveva sbranato il cavallo del santo, che stava recandosi a Roma. Corbiniano lo rimprovero aspramente per questo misfatto e come punizione gli carico sulle spalle il fardello che fino a quel momento era stato portato dal cavallo. L'orso dovette trasportare il fardello fino a Roma... Cosa potrei raccontare di piu e di piu preciso sui miei anni come vescovo? Di Corbiniano si racconta che a Roma restitui la liberta all'orso. Se questo se ne sia andato in Abruzzo o abbia fatto ritorno sulle Alpi, alla leggenda non interessa. Intanto io ho portato il mio bagaglio a Roma e ormai da diversi anni cammino con il mio carico per le strade della Citta Eterna. Quando saro lasciato libero, non lo so, ma so anche per me vale il salmo: "sono divenuto una bestia da soma, e proprio cosi io sono vicino a te".Livro:La mia Vitaautor:Joseph Ratzingereditora:San Paolopgs:152lingua:italianoano:1997biblioteca pessoal: nao tenho
Chegou o momento de gozar daboa fortuna, que resulta nao da sorte, mas do esforco empreendido. Nao se culpepor conseguir coisas que outras pessoas queridas nao conseguiram. Nao devemosnos medir pelos outros, mas aceitar o nosso proprio sucesso e fazer com queeste sucesso sirva de exemplo para os demais. Saiba exercitar seu senso deabundancia e voce tera diversas oportunidades para distribuir generosidade pelomundo, multiplicando a felicidade obtida. Ha momento em que a sorte semanifesta. Aceite-a, simplesmente, sem culpas ou excesso de filosofias! Multiplique a felicidade obtida... A PESSOA QUE VEM E A PESSOA CERTA - Ninguem entra em nossas vidas por acaso. Todas as pessoas ao nosso redor, interagindo com a gente, tem algo para nos fazer aprender e avancar em cada situacao.ACONTECEU A UNICA COISA QUE PODERIA TER ACONTECIDO - Nada, absolutamente nada do que acontece em nossas vidas poderia ter sido de outra forma. Mesmo o menor detalhe. O que aconteceu foi tudo o que poderia ter acontecido, e foi para aprendermos a licao e seguirmos em frente. Cada uma das situacoes que acontecem em nossas vidas sao perfeitas.TODA VEZ QUE VOCE INICIAR, E O MOMENTO CERTO - Tudo comeca na hora certa, nem antes nem depois. Quando estamos prontos para iniciar algo novo em nossas vidas, e que as coisas acontecem.QUANDO ALGO TERMINA, ELE TERMINA - Simplesmente assim. Se algo acabou em nossas vidas e para a nossa evolucao. Por isso, e melhor sair, ir em frente e se enriquecer com a experiencia. Nao e por acaso que estamos lendo este texto agora. Se ele vem a nossa vida hoje, e porque estamos preparados para entender que nenhum floco de neve cai no lugar errado. Ao longo de nossa vida, nosdamos conta que existem coisas que duram pouquissimo tempo, mas ha tambemcoisas que duram bem mais. Essas coisas duradouras, invariavelmente, saointeriores, sao as nossas qualidades e virtudes, assim como tambem alguns denossos defeitos. A vida sempre demanda que voce faca valer suas qualidades...Perceba que os relacionamentosvem e vao, os projetos comecam e acabam, mas ha algo que se configura comosendo eterno. Voce pode ate mudar de relacionamento, mas o desejo de amarperdura. Pode mudar de projetos, mas o desejo de crescer perdura. Assim sendo,nao importa tanto qual e o foco externo dos seus desejos, contanto que voceaprenda a valorizar suas proprias virtudes. Evite comparacoes entre voce e osoutros. Se voce se compara muito, vai sempre encontrar um ponto onde saiperdendo. Cada pessoa tem seu caminho. Deixe que as pessoas sigam os delas esiga o seu, sem entrar no merito de qual caminho e "melhor" ou "pior". Valorizeo que voce tem, ao inves de lamentar o que nao tem! Busque estimular que aspessoas proximas a voce se tornem mais adultas, seguindo elas mesmas oscaminhos que escolheram, assumindo a responsabilidade por isso! Desintegracao - por mais bem comportados que sejamos, por mais que facamos tudo direito, nao adianta: e impossivel passar pela vida sem enfrentar problemas. Muitas pessoas se iludem, estabelecendo uma especie de "comercio espiritual" com o Universo, achando que se forem boazinhas so ocorrerao coisas boas em suas vidas.