his age; there is something non-contemporary about him which is refreshing on the one hand, but on the other hand doesn't reveal any transnational perspective regarding courses of action. The tax on financial transactions that he is calling for is supposed to help pay for college tuition.In Europe, the situation is of course much more complicated. First of all, there is an equivalent of the American in the form of the head of the British Labour Party, Jeremy Corbyn. He must be credited, however, with having joined those in favor of staying in the European Union and having committed Labour to an affirmative campaign proclaiming the goal of a "social Europe."Secondly, southern countries have seen the rise of a new, biographically younger socialism; this is true for Portugal, Spain, Italy and already governing in Greece. There is a fresh aspect to all this which is worthy of mention. Thirdly, we have the tired Social Democrats, who have little to set against their decline, especially the French Socialists and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in Germany. What is the reason for this?The impact of the "cursed souls of this earth" (Frantz Fanon) on the democratic societies of the West presents the Left with a huge challenge. There seems to be an encounter here between two worlds of justice that cannot easily be politically and intellectually combined. This constitutes the greatest task facing social democracy in this century.Up to now, both the SPD and the French Socialist Party are at best filled with consternation at this development; their power and influence are dwindling in the face of the refugee crisis, even though this is actually a crisis of justice.The Left in Europe is reacting to this shock in various ways. First there is the nationalistic seduction or aberration, the endeavor if possible, without resorting to racism to reject the new imposition, not least with a view to those nationally oriented voters who fear competition from low wages. Sometimes mixed-in here are autocratic tendencies as well as an affinity with Russia nourished by many sources.This reaction leads the Left directly into collaboration with social demagogues and toward self-destruction. What is more, it avoids both a detailed analysis of the challenges and a humane, just response to the crisis, as if it were possible to seal off one's own home against the homeless. Does there still actually exist an impulse of international solidarity that arises out of obligations to justice?More interest, relevance and ambivalence are offered by the Keynesian welfare-state as a nationally circumscribed response, including the idea that enough money is available if it is simply printed. This seeks to avoid the question of raising taxes (and levying them fairly). This approach leads to an intentional or unintentional collusion with Wall Street and the City that fuels the grand game of debt, finance and currencies.At the same time, this sort of politics includes a tendency to partitioning, borders and nationalism, because global management, the political configuration of economic processes for the benefit of the disadvantaged, is in practice conceived as nothing other than national management.Leftist