such as the one describedin the incident above do not need to be operating in an active circuit to catchfire and do not require a short to overheat. Incidents like this one arebecoming more common as the number of personal electronic devices increase asshown in the FAA office of Security and Hazardous Materials Safety data. It isnot uncommon for a passenger to carry several devices with lithium batteries.Devicesinclude, but are not limited to, laptop computers, tablet computers, mobile phones,electronic watches, flashlights, EFBs, and e-readers.On atypical flight, a single aisle jet carrying 100 passengers could have over 500 lithiumbatteries on board. These devices are not tested or certified nor are they necessarilymaintained to manufactures recommendations. Replacement batteries fromquestionable sources (grey market) can be contained within devices.Greymarket batteries may not be manufactured in accordance with international standards.It is possible that they have a greater probability than original equipment tooverheat and cause a fire. Aircraft crew have no means to determine thepresence of grey market batteries or the physical condition of batteries onboard.TheFAA Fire Safety Branch through cooperation with the International Aircraft SystemsFire Protection Working Group conducted several tests using standard Lithium-Ionbatteries.Thetests used a standard air exchange rate of one cabin air exchange every 60 secondsusing one air conditioning pack (system) with the gasper fans operating; the flightdeck door was closed for all tests. The results for the first test showed that therewas no visible smoke or audible warning prior to the battery event. After the batterywent into thermal runaway the smoke percentage was greater than 10% light obscurationper foot for a period of approximately 90 seconds (Summer, 2012). The secondtest performed outlined similar results. In conclusion, the outcome of the testsprove that even in a high ventilation rate a typical COTS Li-Ion battery could posea significant hazard within the flight deck environment and could potentially presenta catastrophic risk (Summer, 2012). Lavatory fire protectionLavatories include systems to both detect and extinguish firesOnetype of electronic device that is rapidly gaining use in all forms of aviationis the EFB. These devices are used by pilots to replace paper materials foundinside the flight deck. EFBs can be divided into groups by Classes: ClassI: Portable electronic devices (PEDs), Commercial off the shelfequipment(COTS), used as loose equipment and stowed during portions of flight. ClassII: PED can be COTS equipment, mounted and connected via aeroplane power supplyfor use in flight and for charging. ClassIII: Not PEDs or COTS. Class 3 is considered installed aeroplane equipment.These are built and tested specifically for aeroplane EFB use (Summer, 2012)Class I and II are not subject to FAA airworthiness standards. However, ClassII mounting and charging connections are. Class III is subject to airworthinessstandards for all aspects of their operation. Because Class I and II are notsubject to FAA airworthiness standards, they bring potential hazards when usedas EFBs. All classes of EFBs utilize lithium-ion batteries as their primarypower source.As thenumber of Class I and II devices increase in their use inside the flight deck, thenumber of potential hazards also increases.TheFAA Technical Center conducted research on all classes of EFBs. They cited theprimary concern as thermal runway