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donation legatus pro praetore or governor of Cilicia. He is also mentioned in an inscription from the year 198, with the title Legatus Augusti pro Praetore praeses provinciae Syriae Phoenic[iae] ("Imperial legatus of Praetorian rank protecting the province of Syria Phoenicia"). In 1868, J. Freudenberg concluded from this votive stone for healing gods "that already the Romans visited Godesberg, not just for its commanding and healthy setting, but also for the Draischbrunnen and Sauerbrunnen, used as watering holes, and perhaps even for cold water baths." He said this was confirmed by the discovery of remains of a Roman enclosure at

Äskulapstein

the Draischbrunnen. Johanna Schopenhauer had suggested something similar already in 1828, saying "an ancient Roman votive stone dedicated to Aesculapius which was found at Godesberg in the sixteenth century and is now in Bonn in the museum of Rhineland and Westphalian antiquities, indicates that the Romans were already aware of the healing waters at Godesburg which may well have been as significant then as in our own day." This theory has also been accepted in more recent scholarship: according to Tanja Potthoff, it is not clear whether the stone was incorporated into the wall of the castle after being found

Äskulapstein

in the rubble when it collapsed in 1583 or was found near the current springs. Potthoff nevertheless assumes that it belonged to an otherwise unknown Roman healing spring located at or near Godesburg. The Godesburg was preceded by a building from the third or fourth century; a Burgus with foundations, in which Roman concrete was used. Remains of this rectangular building survive at the base of the medieval bergfried. What purpose this building served is unknown, but according to the positions mentioned above, the Äskulapstein is an argument in favour of a sacral purpose. But since the stone is clearly

Äskulapstein

Ethan Christopher Finlay (born August 6, 1990) is an American soccer player currently playing as a winger for Minnesota United in Major League Soccer. Career College and amateur Finlay played college soccer at Creighton University between 2008 and 2011. Ethan finished his career in the top 5 all time in Bluejay scoring, and leading the Bluejays to the 2011 NCAA Final Four in Alabama. During his time at Creighton, Finlay was a M.A.C. Hermann Trophy finalist (3), finishing second in the voting for College Soccer's player of the Year award in 2012, the first ever player from Wisconsin to be

Ethan Finlay

a finalist for college soccer's most prestigious honor. Finlay was a NSCAA All-American First Team 2011, NSCA Academic National player of the Year 2011, College Soccer News All-American First Team 2011 and was Missouri Valley Conference Player of the Year in 2010 and 2011. Finlay was elected as the Fred Ware Award winner in 2011 as Nebraska's College Athlete of the Year. Professional Columbus Crew selected Finlay in the first round (No. 10 overall) of the 2012 MLS SuperDraft. Finlay made his debut during a 2–0 loss at Colorado Rapids, coming on as a first-half substitute for the injured Dilly

Ethan Finlay

Duka in the 12th minute on March 10, 2012. Ethan scored his first MLS goal vs the Portland Timbers in a 3–3 tie in May 2014. Finlay had a breakout year in the 2015 Major League Soccer season, finishing the season with 10 goals and 13 assists On August 9, 2017, Finlay was traded to Minnesota United in exchange for $100,000 in Targeted Allocation Money for the 2017 Major League Soccer season, $250,000 in Target Allocation Money for the 2018 MLS season and $75,000 in General Allocation Money for the 2018 MLS season. International Finlay made his international debut for

Ethan Finlay

the United States men's national soccer team on January 31, 2016, in an international friendly against Iceland. In his second game with United States men's national soccer team, Finlay recorded an assist on the USA's game-winning goal against Canada. Finlay was eligible to represent the United States, his country of birth, or Canada, through his Canadian father. He was cap-tied for the United States in the March 29, 2016, qualifier versus Guatemala. Career statistics References External links Category:1990 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Duluth, Minnesota Category:People from Marshfield, Wisconsin Category:American people of Canadian descent Category:American soccer players Category:Creighton Bluejays men's

Ethan Finlay

The 1946–47 season was the 67th season of competitive football by Rangers. Overview Rangers played a total of 43 competitive matches during the 1946–47 season. This was the first official season played since the end of the Second World War. The club played in the Scottish League Division One and won the championship with 46 points. The club played in the first ever League Cup this season, beating Aberdeen 4–0 in the final with Jimmy Duncanson netting a brace. The Scottish Cup campaign was less of a success as the club was knocked out in the second round by Hibernian.

1946–47 Rangers F.C. season

This is a list of public art in Detroit. This list applies only to works of public art accessible in an outdoor public space. For example, this does not include artwork visible inside a museum. Additional works can be found at: Smithsonian American Art Museum, Art Inventories Catalog - database for Detroit The Detroit Museum of Public Art - An catalog of Detroit sculptures and murals. Selected artworks Further reading Herron, Jerry et al. Connecting the Dots: Tyree Guyton's Heidelberg Project. Wayne State University Press, 2007. Nawrocki, Dennis Alan. Art in Detroit Public Places. Wayne State University Press, 2008. References

List of public art in Detroit

Kings Point is a census-designated place (CDP) in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The population was 12,207 at the 2000 census. Geography Kings Point is located at (26.446044, -80.139715). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.7 km² (1.8 mi²), all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 12,207 people, 7,998 households, and 3,599 families living in the CDP. The population density was 2,589.6/km² (6,698.5/mi²). There were 10,494 housing units at an average density of 2,226.2/km² (5,758.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.10% White (98.1% were non-Hispanic

Kings Point, Florida

white), 0.27% African American, 0.04% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.08% from other races, and 0.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.13% of the population. There were 7,998 households, out of which 0.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 2.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 55.0% were non-families. 52.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 47.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.51

Kings Point, Florida

and the average family size was 2.05. Of the residents, 0.2% were under the age of 18, 0.2% were 18 to 24, 1.8% were 25 to 44, 9.6% were 45 to 64, and 88.1% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 78 years. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 67.0 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $25,010, and the median income for a family was $34,761. Males had a median income of $35,275 versus $25,714 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,893. About

Kings Point, Florida

Ab 18 [Over 18] is the sixth album by Die Ärzte. It is an EP compilation of which three songs were put in the German List of Media Harmful to Young People. The album was indexed on December 10. The indexed songs were, at the time, "Geschwisterliebe", "Claudia hat 'nen Schäferhund" and "Schlaflied". By now - February 2012, only "Geschwisterliebe" is in the index. The album Ab 18 includes, among other things, the songs "Geschwisterliebe" and "Claudia hat 'nen Schäferhund" which were indexed at the time of the release of the album and "Schlaflied". Another previously released song on the

Ab 18

record was "Sweet Sweet Gwendoline", which already appeared on Die Ärzte and was not indexed. However, it was controversial because of the glorification of sadomasochism. New songs include "Sie kratzt, sie stinkt sie klebt" and "Claudia II", the sequel to "Claudia hat nen Schäferhund". Another song was "Helmut K.", which claimed that Helmut Kohl tyrannized his wife and about which it was later falsely stated that it had been banned in Bavaria. After the suicide of Hannelore Kohl In 2001, Die Ärzte distanced themselves from the song "Helmut K." and no longer played it for a few years at their

Ab 18

concerts until it was taken back into the set on 29 December 2006 at the concert in SO36 in Berlin. The album Ab 18 was indexed on 31 October 1987. However, Die Ärzte had anticipated this move by the Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young People and had a sticker put on the CD with the label "This CD may not be advertized and made available to young people for reasons of Youth Protection". The inner cover itself was indexed on 31 December 1987 as well. In the track list of the LP in the first edition there was

Ab 18

a spelling mistake: Gwendoline was written with y instead of i. This was corrected in the second edition. The album, despite its indexing, reached position 33 in the German album charts. There were no single releases of any of the songs on this album. Track listing "Sie kratzt, sie stinkt, sie klebt" [She scratches, she stinks, she sticks] (Urlaub/Urlaub) – 2:31 "Geschwisterliebe" [Sibling love (Urlaub/Urlaub) – 4:11 "Helmut K." (Felsenheimer, Liebing, Urlaub/Felsenheimer, Liebing, Urlaub) – 2:34 "Claudia hat 'nen Schäferhund" [Claudia has a German shepherd] (Urlaub/Urlaub) – 2:00 "Claudia II" (Urlaub/Urlaub) – 2:30 "Sweet Sweet Gwendoline" (Urlaub/Urlaub) – 2:55 "Schlaflied"

Ab 18

[Lullaby (Urlaub/Urlaub) – 4:30 Song information Tracks 1, 3, 5: new Tracks 2, 6: from Die Ärzte Tracks 4, 7: from Debil Themes "Sie kratzt, sie stinkt, sie klebt" is sung from the perspective of a man who is in love with a disgusting girl. "Geschwisterliebe" is about incest between siblings. "Helmut K." depicts Helmut Kohl as a wife-beater, stating that he is just a man like every other. "Claudia hat 'nen Schäferhund" is about zoophilia, between a woman and a dog. "Claudia II" is the sequel to "Claudia hat 'nen Schäferhund"; now Claudia has a horse. There is also

Ab 18

a third song, found on Live – Nach uns die Sintflut and Das Beste von kurz nach früher bis jetze, where Claudia tries with a man, but fails, ending up with a humpback whale. "Sweet Sweet Gwendoline" is about bondage; the title is from the Sweet Gwendoline comic series; Gwendoline is also Die Ärzte's mascot; the song features lines at the beginning and in the end, which were not on the "Die Ärzte" version. "Schlaflied" is about a monster coming and eating you after you fall asleep. Personnel Farin Urlaub – guitar, vocals Bela Felsenheimer – drums, vocals Hagen Liebing

Ab 18

John E. Floyd (born May 6, 1937, in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian economist and member of the University of Toronto faculty. Biography Floyd received his B.Comm. from the University of Saskatchewan in 1958, and continued to obtain an honours economics degree in 1959. He later obtained M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1962 and 1964 respectively. Before coming to the University of Toronto in 1970, Floyd spent 9 years at the University of Washington. He joined the Washington faculty as an assistant professor in 1962, and was promoted to associate professor in 1966 and full

John E. Floyd

professor in 1970. Since 1970, Floyd has been a professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Toronto. Major publications "The Overvaluation of the Dollar: A Note on the International Price Mechanism," American Economic Review, March 1965. "The Effects of Farm Price Supports on the Returns to Land and Labor in Agriculture," Journal of Political Economy, April 1965. "Economic Growth, Price Trends, and the U.S. Balance of Trade: 1925-62", Journal of Political Economy, November/December 1968, (with J. Allan Hynes). "International Capital Movements and Monetary Equilibrium," American Economic Review, September 1969. "Monetary and Fiscal Policy in a World of

John E. Floyd

Capital Mobility," The Review of Economic Studies, October 1969. "The Contribution of Real Money Balances to the Level of Wealth," The Journal of Money Credit and Banking, May 1972, (with J. Allan Hynes). "Deficit Finance and 'First Round' Crowding Out: A Clarification," Canadian Journal of Economics, February 1978 (with J. Allan Hynes). "The Asset Theory of the Exchange Rate: A Comment," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1978. "The Structure of Production, the Composition of Final Demand and the Determination of the Price Level and Employment," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, May 1978, (with J. Allan Hynes). "Capital Immobility, Adjustment Costs,

John E. Floyd

and the Theoretical Foundations of Income-Expenditure Models," Journal of Political Economy, December 1978, (with J. Allan Hynes). "Government Expenditure Policies in a Small Open Economy," Canadian Journal of Economics, August 1979. "Debt Illusion and Imperfect Information," European Economic Review, 1979, (with J. Allan Hynes). "Tax Policy in an Open Economy: A Monetary Approach to a Keynesian Problem," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1980. Microsets, W.W. Norton, 1981, (with Patrick O'Donoghue, Tanya Roberts, and Mary Eysenbach). World Monetary Equilibrium: International Monetary Theory in an Historical-Institutional Context, Philip Allen & University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985. On the Dollar, The Fraser Institute, Vancouver, 1985.

John E. Floyd

"Balance of Payments Adjustment under the International Gold Standard," Explorations in Economic History, 1991, (with Trevor J. O. Dick). Canada and the Gold Standard, 1871–1914, Cambridge University Press, 1992, (with Trevor J. O. Dick). "Canada and the Gold Standard, 1871–1914: A Durable Monetary Regime," in Michael Bordo and Forrest Capie, eds. Monetary Regimes in Transition, Cambridge University Press, 1993, (with Trevor J. O. Dick). "Are Canadian Interest Rates Too High?" Canadian Public Policy, June 1995. "Balance of Payments Adjustment Under Gold Standard Policies: Canada and Australia Compared," in Tamim Bayoumi, Barry Eichengreen and Mark Taylor, eds. Modern Perspectives on the

John E. Floyd

Gold Standard, Cambridge University Press, 1996, (with Trevor J. O. Dick and David Pope). "A Portfolio Balance Model of Gold Standard," in B. Eichengreen and M. Flandreau, eds., The Gold Standard in Theory and History, 2nd. ed., New York: Metheun, 1997, pp. 76–98, [Abridged reprint of the paper published in Explorations in Economic History, 28, 1991] (with Trevor J. O. Dick). "Real and Monetary Shocks to the Canadian Dollar: Do Canada and the United States Form an Optimal Currency Area?", North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 13, 2002 (with Jack Carr). Notes External links Floyd's Site Category:Canadian economists Category:University

John E. Floyd

Murple are an Italian psychedelic rock/progressive rock band. Origin The activity of the band Murple begins in Rome as a local pop musicians in the time. In 1973 the band up with Pino Santamaria on guitar, Piercarlo Zanco on keyboards, Mario Garbarino on bass and Duilio Sorrenti on drums. With the production of Roberto Marsala, they recorded their first album Io sono Murple for the label BASF Fare, which had just been born in Italy and published it in 1974. The disc consists of a suite that describes the journey of the Penguin Murple from the Pole to a zoo.

Murple (band)

Perhaps because of the delay in the publication, related to the speed with which changed the musical tastes of the time, the disc to its output is fairly criticized, leading to a very limited distribution, despite the good that consideration is given instead still at work today. The formation of the group changes, with Roberto Puleo which replaces Mario Garbarino on bass. The Murple participate Pop Festival Villa Pamphili in Rome in 1974 and work on preparing a second album, which, however, will not be published. The Murple perform as a support group is that of Mal Gianfranca Montedoro, for

Murple (band)

Dheedwal is a town 17 kilometers from Chakwal in Punjab, Pakistan. It has a hospital, a college, a bank, a utility store and some other services like telephone, cable and also water and gas supply. The mosque of Jamia Masjid Chishtia Ghausia Dheedwal is situated in the center of the village. The community of this mosque belongs to the Muslim sect "Sunni Brailvi". Dheedwal also hosting another beautiful mosque "Farooqia Masjid" which belongs to Muslim sect "Sunni Deobandi". This mosque also managing a madrassa "Ashabe badr" which is providing quality religious education with the help of community. Dheedwal got a

Dheedwal

college, hospital and medical dispensary because of tiring efforts of Ameer Baig Advocate, Sardar Mehr khan (late), both are very popular names and identity of Dheedwal. Dheedwal got sui gas (natural gas) because of Tora khan, got electricity because of Shafi khan (late), a good number of Dheedwal people are in the army and police. The Tanzim Al-Mustafa Sallah o Alaih e Waalih e Wasalm is an organization of the young men of Dheedwal. The Tanzim organizes the annual Mehfil-e-Naat at the Jamia Masjid Chistia Ghausia Dheedwal. All well known Qura, Naat Khawan and Islamic scholars from different parts of

Dheedwal

Pakistan come to this Mehfil-e-Pak, which includes thousands of participants. It is the best and the biggest event annually held in Dheedwal. The Village Dheedwal has all the facilities the same as a modern city, for example, a college, hospital, library, landline telephone, water supply system, street lights, and sewerage system, etc. As you turn from the main road towards the village, you can see a monument (Oblesik). This monument (Oblesik) reflects the participation of these villagers through their army men that fought the 2nd world war. In 2012 this monument was destroyed by land owner on which it was

Dheedwal

standing. Dheedwal has the highest number of graduates and highly educated professionals in District Chakwal. Also, a number of immigrants from this village settled in Canada and the United States. Historically this village was among the earliest settlements of people along with Ban Ameer Khatoon because of its latitude; and still, in some parts of the area, when construction begins the people witness the unearthing of pieces of utensils showing ancient civilization. References GHS Dheedwal is being promoted as Govt. Higher Secondary School Dheedwal. QPMS is also a private school in the village Dheedwal. Dheedwal is consisting on Bralvi maslak

Dheedwal

County Route 567, abbreviated CR 567, is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from Amwell Road (CR 514) in Hillsborough Township to Union Avenue (Route 28) in Raritan Borough. Route description CR 567 begins at an intersection with CR 514 in Hillsborough Township, heading north on two-lane undivided River Road (also known as Neshanic Station Road). The road runs through wooded areas before heading along the east bank of the South Branch Raritan River, intersecting CR 667 and passing under Norfolk Southern's Lehigh Line. The route runs near farms as it crosses the

County Route 567 (New Jersey)

river and enters Branchburg Township. At this point, CR 567 intersects CR 667 again and becomes Pleasant Run Road before making a northeast turn onto South Branch Road, with CR 628 continuing northwest along Pleasant Run Road. Residential development increases as the route continues northeast and passes the Neshanic Valley Golf Course. CR 567 begins to run closer to the South Branch Raritan River again as it reaches a junction with CR 620. CR 567 passes north through some farm fields before turning northeast at an intersection with CR 646. A short distance later, the route turns east onto Old

County Route 567 (New Jersey)

York Road, with CR 637 heading west on that road to an intersection with US 202. CR 567 enters residential areas and crosses the North Branch Raritan River into Bridgewater Township. It parallels the Raritan River to the north as it continues into Raritan and becomes Somerset Avenue. In Raritan, CR 567 turns north onto First Avenue, with CR 626 continuing east on Somerset Avenue. The route crosses under New Jersey Transit’s Raritan Valley Line before reaching the US 202 intersection. Past US 202, CR 567 passes more homes before ending at Route 28. History When it was first assigned,

County Route 567 (New Jersey)

CR 567 formerly continued north from its present terminus at Route 28 along Country Club Road to US 22 in Bridgewater Township. In Neshanic Station, CR 567 was originally routed over the South Branch Raritan River on the Elm Street Bridge, a lenticular truss bridge. It traveled west on Elm Street, northwest on Maple Avenue, and north on Pleasant Run Road until rejoining its present alignment. Its current routing in the area was formed when a new bridge was built in 1979 north of Neshanic Station. The old route through Neshanic Station became Somerset County Route 667. Major intersections See

County Route 567 (New Jersey)

Pickled fruit refers to fruit that has been pickled. Pickling is the process of food preservation by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar. Many types of fruit are pickled. Some examples include peaches, apples, crab apple, pears, plums, grapes, currant, tomato and olives. Vinegar may also be prepared from fruit, such as apple cider vinegar. For thousands of years in many parts of the world, pickles have been used as the main method to preserve fruits and other foods. There is evidence that thousands of years ago in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome and China people pickled different

Pickled fruit

foods for preservation. Mayan culture in America used tobacco to conserve food, specifically to make pickled peppers. In ancient times the different cultures used salt that was found naturally and water to make the brine, which they used to pickle foods that cannot be eaten naturally, such as olives and some grains. Peaches Pickled peaches may be prepared from medium-sized, non-melting clingstone peaches that are small-seeded. In the United States prior to around 1960, some were prepared from small, unripe freestone peaches. They may be prepared with sugar, cinnamon, cloves and allspice to add flavor. Pickled peaches may be used

Pickled fruit

to accompany meats and in salads, and also have other uses. Pears Pickled pears may be prepared with sugar, cinnamon, cloves and allspice to add flavor, and may be referred to as spiced pears. They may be prepared from underripe pears. Pickled pears may be used to accompany dishes such as roasts and salads, among others. Grapes To pickle grapes it is necessary to use white wine vinegar, water, kosher salt, sugar, cloves garlic, rosemary and dried chili flakes. Garlic, chili flakes and some other species make grapes a unique flavor. Cantaloupe The cantaloupe is a summer season fruit, which

Pickled fruit

can be pickled and refrigerated to be able to eat it during the rest of the year. The cantaloupe can be pickled using champagne vinegar, hot water, granulated sugar, ice, mustard seed, celery seed, Aleppo pepper and cinnamon stick. List of pickled fruits Apple Crab apple Apricot Umeboshi Barberry Blackberry Blueberry Caper Cherry Citrus peel Currant Dates Damson Fig Grape Mango pickle Aavakaaya Nata de coco – fermented coconut juice Nata de pina – fermented pineapple juice Olives Orange Peach Nectarine Pear Peppadew Pickled lime Pickled pepper Plum Preserved lemon Prunes Strawberry Tomato Watermelon may be pickled, as well as

Pickled fruit

watermelon rind. By country In Malaysia, some fruits are pickled when they are unripe, such as belimbing, kedondong, chermai, lime, pineapple, papaya, mango and nutmeg. In Mexico the word "pickle" means "escabechar or encurtir" this term is used when food is pickled by vinegar. When salt is the main ingredient for pickling then it is called "escabeche or salmuera." The word vinegar is of French origin (Vin - Aigre) and means in Spanish "vino-agrio" and in English "wine-sour". In its origins the vinegar was the result of the fermentation of the wine which was sour. In Mexico, vinegar is obtained

Pickled fruit

in large part from the fermentation of some fruits, such as pineapple and apple, this type of vinegar is very common to find it naturally made at home, people use it to pickle fruits and vegetables in the home. The pickle is very popular in Mexico with different peppers the peppers being one of the main products both in the pickle industry and in a homemade way. Some states in Mexico such as Oaxaca and Puebla use pickled homemade vinegar made from fermented pineapple or sour brine to pickle fruits such as mangoes, membrillos and some cactus, then be used

Pickled fruit

Geraldine Leigh Chaplin (born July 31, 1944) is an English-American actress. She is the daughter of Charlie Chaplin, the first of eight children with fourth wife Oona O'Neill. After beginnings in dance and modeling, she turned her attention to acting, and made her English-language acting debut (and came to prominence in what would be a Golden Globe-nominated role) in her portrayal of Tonya in David Lean's Doctor Zhivago (1965). She made her Broadway acting debut in Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes in 1967, and received her second Golden Globe nomination for Robert Altman's Nashville (1975). She received a BAFTA nomination

Geraldine Chaplin

for her role in Welcome to L.A. (1976). She played her grandmother Hannah Chaplin in the biopic, Chaplin (1992) for which she received her third Golden Globe nomination. Chaplin has appeared in a wide variety of critically recognised Spanish and French films. She starred in Les Uns et les Autres (1981), Life Is a Bed of Roses (1983) and the Jacques Rivette experimental films Noroît (1976) and Love on the Ground (1984). She enjoyed her greatest critical success collaborating with her long time life partner, director Carlos Saura, starring in his films Ana and the Wolves (1973), Cría Cuervos (1976),

Geraldine Chaplin

Elisa, vida mía (1977), and Mamá cumple cien años (1979). She was awarded a Goya Award for her role in En la ciudad sin límites (2002), and was nominated again for The Orphanage (2007). Her contribution to Spanish cinema culminated in her being awarded the Gold medal by the Spanish Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences in 2006. In 2018, she starred in Red Land (Rosso Istria), Italian movie by Maximiliano Hernando Bruno based on Norma Cossetto and the foibe massacres. Early life and education Geraldine Leigh Chaplin was born on July 31, 1944, in Santa Monica, California, the fourth

Geraldine Chaplin

child of actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin, and the first child of his fourth wife, Oona O'Neill, whom he married in 1943. Charlie Chaplin was 55 when Geraldine Chaplin was born and Oona was 19 years old. Chaplin was the first of their eight children. Her paternal grandparents were English singers Charles Chaplin Sr. and Hannah Chaplin (born Hannah Harriet Pedlingham Hill), and her maternal grandparents were Nobel- and Pulitzer-Prize-winning American playwright Eugene O'Neill and English-born writer Agnes Boulton. When Chaplin was eight years old, her father took the family on vacation to Britain and Europe. Two days after the

Geraldine Chaplin

family set sail, the U.S. Attorney General signed an order refusing him permission to re-enter the country. Chaplin's father moved the family to Switzerland. She attended boarding school there, where she became fluent in French and Spanish. Also in this time period, Chaplin appeared in a small part in her father's film Limelight (1952). Career Dance and modeling At 17 years of age, Chaplin decided to forgo college to pursue dance instead, and studied ballet for two years in England, including a period in 1961 at the Royal Ballet School. Chaplin then danced professionally for a year in Paris. Although

Geraldine Chaplin

a good dancer, she felt she had not trained from an early enough age to excel at it and so gave up ballet. Said Chaplin "I didn't leave ballet, ballet left me". It was a great disappointment to her. Chaplin then found work as a fashion model in Paris. She was then discovered by David Lean. It would be many years before she could bring herself to see a ballet performance. Discovery and early acting, 1965–69 When her dream of becoming a ballet dancer ended, Chaplin followed her father into what would become a prolific acting career. She came to

Geraldine Chaplin

prominence in the role of Tonya in David Lean's Doctor Zhivago (1965). David Lean chose her to play the main character's wife, for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination in the category, "Most Promising Female Newcomer." In an interview to publicize the film, she explained, "Because of my name, the right doors opened." In 1967, she made her Broadway debut in Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes. Her performance was praised by Clive Barnes in a New York Times review, where he noted that Chaplin "acts with spirit and force… with a magnificently raw-voiced sincerity" giving a performance of

Geraldine Chaplin

"surprising power." In the same year, she also began what would become a significant collaboration, starring in Spanish film director Carlos Saura's psychological thriller Peppermint Frappé (1967). The Hawaiians through Cría Cuervos, 1970–79 Chaplin starred alongside Charlton Heston in the American historical film The Hawaiians (1970). Chaplin then appeared in The Three Musketeers (1973), as well as the sequel, The Four Musketeers (1974). Chaplin was cast as the obnoxious BBC reporter Opal in Robert Altman's Nashville (1975), for which she received her second Golden Globe nomination, for Best Supporting Actress. She went on to star in the Altman films Buffalo

Geraldine Chaplin

Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson (1976), and then A Wedding (1978), doing Roseland (1977) in between. Chaplin later occasionally co-wrote scripts for and starred in several later Saura films—for these, receiving her greatest critical success—such as Ana and the Wolves (1973), Cría Cuervos (1976), Elisa, vida mía (1977) and Mamá cumple cien años (1979). Cría Cuervos won the Special Jury Prize Award at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. Critic Vincent Canby praised Chaplin's "superb" performance. Chaplin starred in several films produced by Altman and directed by Alan Rudolph, with a BAFTA-nominated role in Welcome to L.A.

Geraldine Chaplin

(1976), in which she played a housewife addicted to cab rides. She received critical acclaim for her role in Remember My Name (1978), in which she played Anthony Perkins' murderous estranged wife. In an interview with The New York Times in 1977, Chaplin cited that her career was going more successfully in Europe than in the United States. She complained that "I only seem to work with Altman here ... I don't have any offers in this country, none. Not even an interesting script to read. The only person who ever asks me is Altman—and James Ivory." French-language and other

Geraldine Chaplin

roles, 1980–89 In the 1980s, Chaplin starred in several French-language roles, including Claude Lelouch's Les Uns et les Autres (1981), Alain Resnais' Life Is a Bed of Roses (1983), Jacques Rivette's experimental Love on the Ground (1984), and then the American film, I Want to Go Home (1989). Chaplin also starred in Rudolph's 1920s-set film, The Moderns (1988). Chaplin, Scorsese, and Zeffirelli, 1990–99 In the biographical film about her father, Chaplin (1992), she played her grandmother Hannah Chaplin, for which she was nominated for her third Golden Globe Award. Soon after, she was directed by Martin Scorsese in The Age

Geraldine Chaplin

of Innocence (1993), and appeared in Franco Zeffirelli's version of Jane Eyre (1996). Chaplin went on to appear in Mother Teresa: In the Name of God's Poor (1997). The Spanish period, 2000–present Chaplin received a Goya Mejor Actriz de Reparto for her role in Spanish-Argentine thriller En la ciudad sin límites (In the City Without Limits, 2002). Other notable Spanish films she collaborated with and appeared in Pedro Almodóvar's Talk to Her (2002), and Juan Antonio Bayona's The Orphanage (2007), for which she received a second Goya Award nomination. She also recently starred in the Catalan drama, The Mosquito Net

Geraldine Chaplin

(2010), for which she was awarded the Crystal Globe. In 2006 Chaplin was awarded the gold medal by the Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematográficas de España—the Spanish Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences—for her contribution to Spanish cinema. Chaplin appeared in The Wolfman, in 2010. In Americano, she appeared with Salma Hayek, and featured with Jane Fonda in All Together (both 2011). She reunited with Juan Antonio Bayona for the film The Impossible (2012). Chaplin received the Best Actress Award at the Havana Film Festival for her role in the Dominican Republic film Sand Dollars (2014). In

Geraldine Chaplin

2018, she starred in Red Land (Rosso Istria), Italian movie by Maximiliano Hernando Bruno based on Norma Cossetto and the foibe massacres. Personal life Chaplin has had two serious, long-term relationships. The first was with Spanish film director Carlos Saura, who directed her in several films. They have a son, Shane Saura Chaplin. In 1978, the Chaplin family were the victims of a failed extortion plot by kidnappers who had stolen the body of Charlie Chaplin. Geraldine Chaplin negotiated with the kidnappers, who had also threatened her infant son. Her second long-term relationship has been with Chilean cinematographer Patricio Castilla,

Geraldine Chaplin

whom she married in 2006, and with whom she has a daughter, Oona, an actress in British and Spanish films. , Chaplin maintains a home in Miami, Florida. She also spends time in residences between Madrid, Spain, and Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland (the latter near the former long-time home of her and her father). Filmography Film Television References External links Category:1944 births Category:Living people Category:American film actresses Category:American people of English descent Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American television actresses Category:Best Supporting Actress Goya Award winners Category:Actresses from Santa Monica, California Category:Actresses of British descent Category:Actresses of Irish descent Geraldine Category:20th-century American

Geraldine Chaplin

Conleth 'Con' Murphy (born 30 January 1966) is an Irish freelance radio and television presenter, working mainly on sports programming. Until recently he presented Monday Night Soccer on RTÉ Two, the League of Ireland highlights show which also includes highlights of Republic of Ireland soccer matches. He also co-presented Crimecall with Anne Cassin. On radio, he co-presented Sunday Sport on RTÉ Radio 1, with Jacqui Hurley. He left RTÉ in 2012. Career Murphy worked as one of the main sports presenters with RTÉ from 1992 until 2012. In that time he anchored RTÉ Radio's coverage of the Summer Olympics Atlanta

Con Murphy (RTÉ)

1996, Sydney 2000, Athens 2004 Beijing 2008, and London 2012. He has presented football, golf, rugby, hockey, basketball, athletics, and horse racing on RTÉ Television. He presented international football on RTÉ radio for 17 years until 2012 and reported from the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Japan and South Korea, plus he was part of RTÉ Radio's award-winning commentary team from the 2006 Ryder Cup at the K Club. He presented the nightly highlights programme on RTÉ Sport's coverage of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Murphy presented RTÉ's Crimecall along with Brenda Power, and then Anne Cassin for six years

Con Murphy (RTÉ)

Monoamniotic twins are identical twins that share the same amniotic sac within their mother's uterus. Monoamniotic twins are always identical, always monochorionic and are usually termed Monoamniotic-Monochorionic ("MoMo" or "Mono Mono") twins. They share the placenta, but have two separate umbilical cords. Monoamniotic twins develop when an embryo does not split until after formation of the amniotic sac, at about 9–13 days after fertilization. Monoamniotic triplets or other monoamniotic multiples are possible, but extremely rare. Other obscure possibilities include multiples sets where monoamniotic twins are part of a larger gestation such as triplets, quadruplets, or more. Occurrence Monoamniotic twins are

Monoamniotic twins

rare, with an occurrence of 1 in 35,000 to 1 in 60,000 pregnancies. Complications The survival rate for monoamniotic twins has been shown to be as high as 81% to 95% in 2009 with aggressive fetal monitoring, although previously reported as being between 50% to 60%. Causes of mortality and morbidity include: Cord entanglement: The close proximity and absence of amniotic membrane separating the two umbilical cords makes it particularly easy for the twins to become entangled in each other's cords, hindering fetal movement and development. Additionally, entanglement may cause one twin to become stuck in the birth canal during

Monoamniotic twins

labor and expulsion. Cord entanglement happens to some degree in almost every monoamniotic pregnancy. Cord compression: One twin may compress the other's umbilical cord, potentially stopping the flow of nutrients and blood and resulting in fetal death. Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS): One twin receives the majority of the nourishment, causing the other twin to become undernourished. TTTS is much more difficult to diagnose in monoamniotic twins than diamniotic ones, since the standard method otherwise is to compare the fluid in the sacs. Rather, TTTS diagnosis in monoamniotic twins relies on comparing the physical development of the twins. Diagnosis Ultrasound is

Monoamniotic twins

the only way to detect monoamniotic-monochorionic twins before birth. It can show the lack of a membrane between the twins after a couple of weeks' gestation, when the membrane would be visible if present. Further ultrasounds with high resolution doppler imaging and non-stress tests help to assess the situation and identify potential cord problems. There is a correlation between having a single yolk sac and having a single amniotic sac. However, it is difficult to detect the number of yolk sacs, because the yolk sac disappears during embryogenesis. Cord entanglement and compression generally progress slowly, allowing parents and medical caregivers

Monoamniotic twins

to make decisions carefully. Treatment Only a few treatments can give any improvements. Sulindac has been used experimentally in some monoamniotic twins, lowering the amount of amniotic fluid and thereby inhibiting fetal movement. This is believed to lower the risk of cord entanglement and compression. However, the potential side effects of the drug have been insufficiently investigated. Regular and aggressive fetal monitoring is recommended for cases of monoamniotic twins to look for cord entanglement beginning after viability. Many women enter inpatient care, with continuous monitoring, preferably in the care of a perinatologist, an obstetrician that specialises in high-risk pregnancies. However

Monoamniotic twins

RCOG's guidelines cite Dias et al. in observing that cord entanglement is nearly always found in monoamniotic pregnancies and it is not clearly associated with poor outcomes, with most fetal deaths instead arising from twin reversed arterial perfusion or fetal anomaly. The clinical guidelines of ACOG and RCOG both recommend premature delivery by cesarean section between 32 and 34 weeks. A retrospective study in 2016 argued that there is evidence vaginal delivery can be equally safe and reduce complications for some monoamniotic twins but this finding has not been incorporated into clinical guidelines. See also Monochorionic twins Identical twins References

Monoamniotic twins

Santa Inés Yatzeche is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 11.48 km² at an average elevation of 1,460 meters above sea level. It is part of the Zimatlán District of the Valles Centrales region. The community, which lies on the Atoyac River in the southern Valle Grande, has a long history. Archaeological studies have shown that it was a flourishing center for hundreds of years before the rise of Monte Albán around 500, when it suffered a loss of 75% of its population. The community is now relatively poor. As of

Santa Inés Yatzeche

Bernard Charles Ecclestone (born 28 October 1930) is a British business magnate. He is the former chief executive of the Formula One Group, which manages Formula One and controls the commercial rights to the sport, and part-owns Delta Topco, the previous ultimate parent company of the Formula One Group. As such, he was commonly described in journalism as 'F1 Supremo'. Ecclestone entered two Grand Prix races as a driver, during the 1958 season, but failed to qualify for either of them. Later he became manager of drivers Stuart Lewis-Evans and Jochen Rindt, both whom died during racing events. In 1972,

Bernie Ecclestone

he bought the Brabham team, which he ran for fifteen years. As a team owner he became a member of the Formula One Constructors Association. His control of the sport, which grew from his pioneering the sale of television rights in the late 1970s, was chiefly financial, but under the terms of the Concorde Agreement he and his companies also managed the administration, setup and logistics of each Formula One Grand Prix, making him one of the richest men in the United Kingdom. On 23 January 2017, it was announced that Ecclestone had been replaced by Chase Carey as chief

Bernie Ecclestone

executive of the Formula One Group, though he has been appointed as chairman emeritus and will act as an adviser to the board. Ecclestone and business partner Flavio Briatore also owned the English football club Queens Park Rangers between 2007 and 2011. Early life Ecclestone was born in St Peter, South Elmham on 28 October 1930, a hamlet three miles south of Bungay, Suffolk. He was the son of Sidney Ecclestone, a fisherman, whose family had moved from Kent in the early 20th century to work in Norwich's painting industry, and his wife Bertha. Ecclestone attended primary school in Wissett

Bernie Ecclestone

before the family moved to Danson Road, Bexleyheath, South East London, in 1938. He was not evacuated to the countryside during the Second World War and remained with his family. Ecclestone left Dartford West Central Secondary School at the age of 16 to work as an assistant in the chemical laboratory at the local gasworks testing gas purity. He also studied chemistry at Woolwich Polytechnic and pursued his hobby of motorcycles. Motorsports career Early career Immediately after the end of World War II, Ecclestone went into business trading in spare parts for motorcycles, and formed the Compton & Ecclestone motorcycle

Bernie Ecclestone

dealership with Fred Compton. His first racing experience came in 1949 in the 500cc Formula 3 Series, acquiring a Cooper Mk V in 1951. He drove only a limited number of races, mainly at his local circuit, Brands Hatch, but achieved a number of good placings and an occasional win. He initially retired from racing following several accidents at Brands Hatch, intending to focus on his business interests. Team ownership After his accident, Ecclestone temporarily left racing to make a number of eventually lucrative investments in real estate and loan financing and to manage the Weekend Car Auctions firm. He

Bernie Ecclestone

returned to racing in 1957 as manager of driver Stuart Lewis-Evans, and purchased two chassis from the disbanded Connaught F1 team, whose driver line-up over the years had included Lewis-Evans, Roy Salvadori, Archie Scott Brown, and Ivor Bueb. Ecclestone even attempted, unsuccessfully, to qualify a car himself at Monaco in 1958 (although this has since been described as "not a serious attempt"). He also entered the British Grand Prix, but the car was raced by Jack Fairman. He continued to manage Lewis-Evans when he moved to the Vanwall team; Salvadori moved on to manage the Cooper team. Lewis-Evans suffered severe

Bernie Ecclestone

burns when his engine exploded at the 1958 Moroccan Grand Prix and succumbed to his injuries six days later; Ecclestone was rather shaken up and once again retired from racing. His friendship with Salvadori led to his becoming manager of driver Jochen Rindt and a partial owner of Rindt's 1970 Lotus Formula 2 team (whose other driver was Graham Hill). Rindt, on his way to the 1970 World Championship, died in a crash at the Monza circuit, though he was awarded the championship posthumously. In early 1972, Ecclestone purchased the Brabham team from Ron Tauranac. Brabham During the 1971 season,

Bernie Ecclestone

Ecclestone was approached by Ron Tauranac, owner of the Brabham team, who was looking for a suitable business partner. Ecclestone made him an offer of £100,000 for the whole team, which Tauranac eventually accepted. The Australian stayed on as designer and to run the factory. Colin Seeley was briefly brought in against Tauranac's wishes to assist in design and management. Ecclestone and Tauranac were both dominant personalities and Tauranac left Brabham early in the 1972 season. The team achieved little during 1972, as Ecclestone moulded the team to fit his vision of a Formula One team. He abandoned the highly

Bernie Ecclestone

successful customer car production business established by Jack Brabham and Tauranac – reasoning that to compete at the very front in Formula One you must concentrate all of your resources there. For the 1973 season, Ecclestone promoted Gordon Murray to chief designer. The young South African produced the triangular cross-section BT42, the first of a series of Ford-powered cars with which the Brabham team would take several victories in 1974 and 1975 with Carlos Reutemann and Carlos Pace. Despite the increasing success of Murray's nimble Ford-powered cars, Ecclestone signed a deal with Alfa Romeo to use their powerful but heavy

Bernie Ecclestone

flat-12 engine from the 1976 season. Although this was financially beneficial, the new BT45s were unreliable and the Alfa engines rendered them significantly overweight. The 1976 and 1977 seasons saw Brabham fall towards the back of the field again, before winning two races again in the 1978 season when Ecclestone signed the Austrian double world champion Niki Lauda, intrigued by Murray's radical BT46 design. The Brabham-Alfa era ended in 1979, the team's first season with the up-and-coming young Brazilian Nelson Piquet when Alfa Romeo started testing their own Formula One car during this season. This prompted Ecclestone to revert to

Bernie Ecclestone

Cosworth DFV engines – a move Murray described as "like having a holiday". Piquet formed a close and long-lasting relationship with Ecclestone and the team, losing the title after a narrow battle with Alan Jones in 1980 and eventually winning in 1981 and 1983. In the summer of 1981 Brabham had tested a car powered by a BMW turbo engine, and 1982's new BT50 was powered by BMW's turbocharged 4-cylinder M10. Brabham continued to run the Ford-powered BT49D in the early part of the season while reliability and driveability issues were sorted out by BMW and their technical partner, Bosch.

Bernie Ecclestone

Ecclestone and BMW came close to splitting before the turbo car duly took its first win at the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix but the partnership took the first turbo-powered world championship in 1983. The team continued to be competitive until 1985. At the end of the year, Piquet left after seven years. He was unhappy with the money that Ecclestone was willing to offer him and went to Williams where he would win his third championship. The following year, Murray, who since 1973 had designed cars that had scored 22 GP wins, left Brabham to join McLaren. Brabham continued under

Bernie Ecclestone

Ecclestone's leadership to the end of the 1987 season, in which the team scored only eight points. BMW withdrew from Formula One after the 1987 season. Having bought the team from Ron Tauranac for approximately $120,000 at the end of 1971, Ecclestone eventually sold it for over US$5 million to a Swiss businessman, Joachim Luhti in 1988. Formula One executive In parallel to his activities as team owner, Ecclestone formed the Formula One Constructors Association (FOCA) in 1974 with Frank Williams, Colin Chapman, Teddy Mayer, Ken Tyrrell, and Max Mosley. He became increasingly involved with his roles at FISA and

Bernie Ecclestone

the FOCA in the 1970s, in particular with negotiating the sport's television rights, in his decades-long advocacy for team control. Ecclestone became chief executive of FOCA in 1978 with Mosley as his legal advisor; together, they negotiated a series of legal issues with the FIA and Jean-Marie Balestre, culminating in Ecclestone's famous coup, his securing the right for FOCA to negotiate television contracts for the Grands Prix. For this purpose Ecclestone established Formula One Promotions and Administration, giving 47% of television revenues to teams, 30% to the FIA, and 23% to FOPA (i.e. Ecclestone himself); in return, FOPA put up

Bernie Ecclestone

the prize money – grand prix could literally be translated from French as "big prize". Television rights shuffled between Ecclestone's companies, teams, and the FIA in the late 1990s, but Ecclestone emerged on top again in 1997 when he negotiated the present Concorde Agreement: in exchange for annual payments, he maintained the television rights. Also in 1978, Ecclestone hired Sid Watkins as official Formula One medical doctor. Following the crash at the 1978 Italian Grand Prix, Watkins demanded that Ecclestone provide better safety measures, which were provided at the next race. This way, Formula One began to improve safety, decreasing

Bernie Ecclestone

the number of deaths and serious injuries along the decades. At the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, following Ayrton Senna's fatal accident but while Senna was still alive, Ecclestone inadvertently misinformed Senna's family that Senna had died. Ecclestone had used a walkie-talkie to ask Sid Watkins - who was at the crash scene - about Senna's condition. Over the static of the walkie-talkie, Ecclestone misheard Watkins' response of "His head" as "He's dead". Based on this, Ecclestone told Senna's brother Leonardo, who was attending the race, that Senna had died. Senna in fact remained biologically alive for several more hours.

Bernie Ecclestone

This misunderstanding caused a rift in the hitherto friendly relations between Ecclestone and the Senna family; although Ecclestone travelled to Sâo Paulo at the time of Senna's funeral, he did not attend the funeral itself, instead watching it on television at his hotel. Despite heart surgery and triple coronary bypass in 1999, Ecclestone had remained as energetic as always in promoting his own business interests. In the late 1990s he reduced his share in SLEC Holdings (owner of the various F1 managing firms) to 25 per cent, though despite his minority share he retained complete control of the companies. Ecclestone

Bernie Ecclestone

came under fire in October 2004 when he and British Racing Drivers' Club president Jackie Stewart were unable to come to terms regarding the future British Grand Prix, causing the race to be dropped from the 2005 provisional season calendar. However, when the heads of the ten teams met and agreed on a series of cost-cuts later in the month, the race was again added to the calendar, and a contract on 9 December guaranteed its continuation for five years. In mid-November 2004, the three banks who comprise Speed Investments, which owns a 75 per cent share in SLEC, which

Bernie Ecclestone

in turn controls Formula One – Bayerische Landesbank, J.P. Morgan Chase, and Lehman Brothers – sued Ecclestone for more control over the sport, prompting speculation that Ecclestone might altogether lose the control he had maintained for more than thirty years. A two-day hearing began on 23 November, but after the proceedings had ended the following day, Justice Andrew Park announced his intention to reserve ruling for several weeks. On 6 December 2004, Park read his verdict, stating that "In [his] judgment it is clear that Speed's contentions are correct and [he] should therefore make the declarations which it requests." However,

Bernie Ecclestone

Ecclestone insisted that the verdict – seen almost universally as a legal blow to his control of Formula One – would mean "nothing at all". He stated his intention to appeal the decision. The following day, at a meeting of team bosses at Heathrow Airport in London, Ecclestone offered the teams a total of £260,000,000 over three years in return for unanimous renewal of the Concorde Agreement, which expired in 2008. Two weeks later, Gerhard Gribkowsky, a board member of Bayerische Landesbank and the chairman of SLEC, stated that the banks had no intention to remove Ecclestone from his position

Bernie Ecclestone

of control. Ecclestone saw 14 of 20 cars refuse to race in the 2005 United States Grand Prix at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The seven teams who refused to participate, stating concern over the safety of their Michelin tyres, requested rule changes and/or a change to the track configuration. Despite a series of meetings between Ecclestone, Max Mosley, and the team principals, no compromise was reached by race time, and Ecclestone became an object of the public's frustration at the resultant six-car race. Despite him not having caused the problem, fans and journalists blamed him for failing to take control

Bernie Ecclestone

and enforce a solution, given the position of power in which he had placed himself. On 25 November 2005 CVC Capital Partners announced it was to purchase both the Ecclestone shares of the Formula One Group (25 per cent of SLEC) and Bayerische Landesbank's 48 per cent share (held through Speed Investments). This left Alpha Prema owning 71.65 per cent of the Formula One Group. Ecclestone used the proceeds of this sale to purchase a stake in this new company (the exact ratio of the CVC/Ecclestone shareholding is unknown). On 6 December Alpha Prema acquired JP Morgan's share of SLEC

Bernie Ecclestone

to increase its ownership of Formula One to 86 per cent, the remaining 14 per cent was held by Lehman Brothers. On 21 March 2006 the EU competition authorities approved the transaction subject to CVC selling Dorna, which controls the rights to MotoGP. CVC announced the completion of the transaction on 28 March. CVC acquired Lehman Brothers share at the end of March 2006. On 21 July 2007, Ecclestone announced in the media that he would be open to discuss the purchase of Arsenal Football Club. As a close friend to former Director of Arsenal David Dein, it was believed

Bernie Ecclestone

that the current board of the North London–based football club would prefer to sell to a British party, this after American-based investment company KSE headed by Stan Kroenke were thought to be preparing a £650 million takeover bid for Arsenal Holdings PLC. The revenue sharing with the various teams, the Concorde Agreement, expired on the last day of 2007, and the contract with the FIA expired on the last day of 2012. After the loss of Silverstone as the venue for the British Grand Prix in 2008, Ecclestone came under fire from several high-profile names for his handling of Formula

Bernie Ecclestone

One's revenues. Damon Hill blamed Formula One Management as a key factor in the loss of the event: "There's always been the question of the FOM fee, and ultimately that is the deciding factor. To quote Bernie, he once said: 'You can have anything you like, as long as you pay too much for it,' but we can't pay too much for something ... The problem is money goes out and away. There's a question whether that money even returns to Formula One." Flavio Briatore also criticised FOM: "Nowadays Ecclestone takes 50% of all revenues, but we are supposed to

Bernie Ecclestone

be able to reduce our costs by 50%". Ecclestone was removed from his position as chief executive of Formula One Group on 23 January 2017, following its takeover by Liberty Media in 2016. Other activities In 1996, Ecclestone's International Sportsworld Communicators signed a 14-year agreement with the FIA for the exclusive broadcasting rights for 18 FIA championships. In 1999, the European Commission investigated FIA, ISC and FOA for abusing dominant position and restricting competition. As a result, in early 2000 the ISC and FIA made a new agreement to reduce the number of rights packages to two, the World Rally

Bernie Ecclestone

and Regional Rally Championships. In April 2000 Ecclestone sold ISC to a group led by David Richards. On 17 June 2005, Ecclestone made American headlines with his reply to a question about Danica Patrick's fourth-place finish at the Indianapolis 500, during an interview with Indianapolis television station WRTV: "She did a good job, didn't she? Super. Didn't think she'd be able to make it like that. You know, I've got one of these wonderful ideas that women should be all dressed in white like all the other domestic appliances." (Following Danica Patrick's 2008 victory at Twin Ring Motegi, Ecclestone personally

Bernie Ecclestone

sent her a congratulatory letter). On 7 January 2010, it was announced that Ecclestone had, together with Genii Capital, submitted a bid for Swedish car brand Saab Automobile. Queens Park Rangers On 3 September 2007, it was announced that Ecclestone and Flavio Briatore had bought Queen Park Rangers (QPR) Football Club. In December 2007, they were joined as co-owners by businessman Lakshmi Mittal, the 5th richest person in the world, who bought 20% of the club. On 17 December 2010 it was announced that Ecclestone had purchased the majority of shares from Flavio Briatore becoming the majority shareholder with 62%

Bernie Ecclestone

of the shares. It was announced on 18 August 2011 that Ecclestone and Briatore had sold their entire shareholding in the club to Tony Fernandes, known for his ownership of the Caterham Formula 1 team. Controversies Labour Party controversy In 1997 Ecclestone was involved in a political controversy over the British Labour Party's policy on tobacco sponsorship. Labour had pledged to ban tobacco advertising in its manifesto ahead of its 1997 general election victory, supporting a proposed European Union Directive banning tobacco advertising and sponsorship. At this time all leading Formula One Teams carried significant branding from tobacco brands. The

Bernie Ecclestone

Labour Party's stance on banning tobacco advertising was reinforced following the election by forceful statements from the Health Secretary Frank Dobson and Minister for Public Health Tessa Jowell. Ecclestone appealed 'over Jowell's head' to Jonathan Powell, Tony Blair's chief of staff, who arranged a meeting with Blair. Ecclestone and Mosley, both Labour Party donors, met Blair on 16 October 1997, where Mosley argued: "Motor racing was a world class industry which put Britain at the hi-tech edge. Deprived of tobacco money, Formula One would move abroad at the loss of 50,000 jobs, 150,000 part-time jobs and £900 million of exports."

Bernie Ecclestone

On 4 November the "fiercely anti-tobacco Jowell" argued in Brussels for an exemption for Formula One. Media attention initially focused on Labour bending its principles for a "glamour sport" and on the "false trail" of Jowell's husband's links to Benetton. On 6 November correspondents from three newspapers inquired whether Labour had received any donations from Ecclestone; he had donated £1 million in January 1997. On 11 November Labour promised to return the money on the advice of Sir Patrick Neill. On 17 November Blair apologised for his government's mishandling of the affair and stated "the decision to exempt Formula One

Bernie Ecclestone

from tobacco sponsorship was taken two weeks later. It was in response to fears that Britain might lose the industry overseas to Asian countries who were bidding for it." In 2008, the year after Blair stepped down as Prime Minister, internal Downing Street memos revealed that in fact the decision had been made at the time of the meeting, and not two weeks later as Blair stated in Parliament. Hitler controversy In a Times interview published on 4 July 2009, Ecclestone said "terrible to say this I suppose, but apart from the fact that Hitler got taken away and persuaded

Bernie Ecclestone

to do things that I have no idea whether he wanted to do or not, he was – in the way that he could command a lot of people – able to get things done." According to Ecclestone: "If you have a look at a democracy it hasn't done a lot of good for many countries — including this one", in reference to the United Kingdom. He also said that his friend of 40 years Max Mosley, the son of British fascist leader Oswald Mosley, "would do a super job" as Prime Minister and added "I don't think his background

Bernie Ecclestone

would be a problem." Stephen Pollard, editor of The Jewish Chronicle, said: "Mr Ecclestone is either an idiot or morally repulsive. Either he has no idea how stupid and offensive his views are or he does and deserves to be held in contempt by all decent people." In a subsequent interview with The Jewish Chronicle, Ecclestone said that his comments were taken the wrong way, but apologised, saying, "I'm just sorry that I was an idiot. I sincerely, genuinely apologise." However, when Ecclestone was later told by Associated Press that the World Jewish Congress had called for his resignation, he

Bernie Ecclestone

said "it's a pity they didn't sort the banks out," referring to the financial crisis of 2007–2010, and claimed "They have a lot of influence everywhere." Bribery accusation In a 2012 trial against the former BayernLB Chief Risk Officer Gerhard Gribkowsky, the public prosecutor accused Ecclestone of being a co-perpetrator in the case. Gribkowsky confessed to the charges of tax evasion, breach of trust and for accepting bribes. In closing arguments at a Munich trial the public prosecutor told the court Ecclestone "hasn't been blackmailed, he is a co-perpetrator in a bribery case". According to the prosecutor and defendant, Ecclestone

Bernie Ecclestone

paid about $44 million to the former banker to get rid of the lender's stake in Formula One. Ecclestone told prosecutors he paid Gribkowsky because he blackmailed him with telling UK tax authorities about a family trust controlled by Ecclestone's former wife. In November 2012 private equity firm Bluewaters Communications Holdings filed a £409m lawsuit against the 2005 sale of Formula One, alleging it was the sports rightful owners. In May 2013 Süddeutsche Zeitung reported that the Munich prosecutors office had charged Ecclestone with two bribery charges after a two-year investigation into his relationship with Gribkowsky. In July 2013, German

Bernie Ecclestone