Organize Any Files and Folders Using Python
Tags: beginners, programming, tutorial, python
Published: 2022-10-24 11:20:21

# Organize Download Folder

3 main things will help us decide how we want to organize our files.

1. How do we want to manage files?
2. What kind of files do we want to organize?
3. Which directory do we want to organize?

**How do we want to organize files?**

We can organize files based on various factors such as name, creation date, modified date and size. We can also manage files based on the type/extension of a file. That is where the next question comes into the picture.

**What kind of files do we want to organize?**

There are many types of files we might find in our download folder. There can be music, video, images, zip, executable, document and many more. After answering the first two questions, we must decide **which directory we want to organize**.

This question is important if you are organizing the subdirectories as well. For example, there can be a coding project that can contain many kinds of files. To organize this directory based on file type is not a good idea because it can mess up our whole project.

So for this tutorial, we will mostly focus on the root directory.

# Plan For Creating Auto File Organizer

## How to get the list of all files in Python

To organize any directory, first, we need a list of files. To get the list of all files in the given directory we can use the `listdir()` method from the `os` module.

Syntax: **`os.listdir(path)`**

```python
import os

total_list = os.listdir("Downloads")
print(total_list)

""" OUTPUT:

['elements.svg', 'Export.zip', 'favicon_io', 'Frame 5.png',
'Screenshot.png', 'Temp', 'Video-1.webm']

"""
```

Here, we get a list that contains files and directories both.

![Screenshot of the download folder](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/wkk3ekt4uivmjv5qlkbl.png)

If we want to use this, then we have to separate files and directories by ourselves using the `os.path`. To identify if the given path is a file or directory we can use the following code snippet:

```python
from os import listdir, path

total_list = listdir(".")

file_list = []
dir_list = []

for file in total_list:
    if path.isfile(file):
        file_list.append(file)
    else:
        dir_list.append(file)

print(file_list)
print("-"*15)
print(dir_list)

""" OUTPUT:
['elements.svg', 'Export.zip', 'Frame 5.png', 'Screenshot.png', 'Video-1.webm']
---------------
['favicon_io', 'Temp']
"""
```

When I run this code, I was in the Download directory. So, if I want a list from the current directory, I can use `os.listdir("./")` or `os.listdir(".")` or `os.listdir()`.

You might say this is a lot of work just to get a list of filenames. So, let me present to you an easy way. I did not know about this method as well. I found it when I was researching for this tutorial. We can use the `os.walk()` method to retrieve all the files. You can check out the blog post [here](https://pynative.com/python-list-files-in-a-directory/) from where I got to learn about this.

Syntax: `os.walk(path)`

```python
from os import walk

files = []
for (dirpath, dirnames, filenames) in walk("./"):
    files.extend(filenames)
    break

print(filenames)

""" OUTPUT:
['elements.svg', 'Export.zip', 'Frame 5.png',
'Screenshot.png', 'temp.py', 'Video-1.webm']
"""
```

First of all, let me explain why I use the `break` keyword here. The **walk()** method not only lists out directories and files of the given location. But, it tries to scan all the subdirectories as well. Let me show you.

```python
from os import walk

files = []
for (index, data) in enumerate(walk("./")):
    if index == 2:
        break
    print(index)
    print(data)
    print("-"*15)

""" OUTPUT:

0
('./', ['favicon_io', 'Temp'], ['elements.svg', 'Export.zip', 'Frame 5.png', 'Screenshot.png', 'temp.py', 'Video-1.webm'])
---------------
1
('./favicon_io', ['2021', '2022'], ['android-chrome-192x192.png', 'android-chrome-512x512.png', 'apple-touch-icon.png', 'favicon-16x16.png', 'favicon-32x32.png', 'favicon.ico', 'site.webmanifest'])
---------------

"""
```

As you can see, the first iteration **yields the** current path and two lists**.** The first list contains all the directories and the second list contains all the file names. Now, during the second iteration, the `walk()` method starts scanning the subdirectories which are “favicon_io” and “Temp” in our case. We are currently focusing only on the “Downloads” directory. So, I use the break keyword so that after one iteration it stops scanning subdirectories.

![Screenshot of favicon subdirectory](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/xnhje7u1qkg2p8wtvo93.png)

Once we got the list of all files, we need to separate them based on file type. To do that we will use the extension of each file.

## How to Get File Extension Using Python

To get the file extension, we can use the `path` module from the `os`. The `path` module has a `splitext()` method that will return a tuple containing the file name and its extension.

Syntax: `os.path.splitext(path)`

```python
from os import path

file_tuple = path.splitext('Screenshot.jpg')
print(file_tuple)
print(file_tuple[1])

""" OUTPUT:
('Screenshot', '.jpg')
.jpg
"""
```

Now, we have all files and we know how to get the extension. So, the next part is to move files according to their types.

## How to Move Files Using Python

We can move files with the `os` module but this time we will use `shutil` which I think is way better than os for this task. We will use the `move()` method from the **shutil** module.

Syntax: `shutil.move(src, dst, copy_function=copy2)`

**Note:** Third argument is optional.

```python
import shutil

shutil.move("Screenshot.png", "Temp/")
shutil.move("elements.svg", "Temp")
shutil.move("Frame 5.png", "Temp/Frame 5.png")
```

We can move **files** three ways using `shutil.move()`

Last and final step. We need to create a new folder if it does not exist to move all files with the same type.

## Create a Folder/Directory Using Python

We can create a folder using the `os.mkdir()` method.

Syntax: `os.mkdir(path, mode=0o777, *, dir_fd=None)`

**Note:** The mode and dir_fd arguments are optional.

```python
from os import mkdir, path

if not path.exists("Temp"):
    mkdir("Temp")
```

The `path.exists()` method checks if the given location exists or not. We need to validate the existence of the directory because if a directory already exists, `mkdir()` will throw an error. And we want to create a directory only if it does not exists.

Now, as we have gone throw all the steps. It’s time to put them together.

# Organize Files Based on File Type Using Python

To recap, we need to

1. Get a list of files
2. Extract extension for each file
3. Create a folder if it does not exist
4. Move files to the respective directory

```python
from os import mkdir, path, walk
from pathlib import Path as pathlib
from shutil import move

IMAGE_EXT = [".jpg", ".png", ".jpeg", ".gif", ".webp", ".eps"]
DOWNLOAD_LOCATION = str(pathlib.home() / "Downloads")

file_list = []
for (dirpath, dirnames, filenames) in walk(DOWNLOAD_LOCATION):
    file_list.extend(filenames)
    break

def check_directory(dir_location):
    """Check if directory exists or not. If not create one."""
    if not path.exists(dir_location):
        mkdir(dir_location)

def file_mover(extention_list, new_location):
    """move file based on extension list to new location."""
    for file in file_list:
        if (path.splitext(file)[1]).lower() in extention_list:
            move(file, new_location)

def organize_images():
    """Organize images based IMAGE_EXT list"""
    image_location = path.join(DOWNLOAD_LOCATION, "Organized Images")
    check_directory(image_location)
    file_mover(IMAGE_EXT, image_location)

organize_images()
```

Here, most of the code is from earlier or very common. The one difference that you might see is that I have used the **\*pathlib** module. To make a generic code that can work with Linux, Windows and macOS, I used the* **pathlib** *module. It can give me the direct path to the default home directory for every operating system. I have tested it on Ubuntu, Windows and macOS.\*

I have tried to keep it simple as much as I could. In this example, I have shown how to organize image files. But you can do it for all kinds of files. It will be hard to read and understand here that is why I have pushed code that you can use for any type of file on my [GitHub](https://github.com/SahilFruitwala/auto-file-organizer) or [Gist](https://github.com/SahilFruitwala/auto-file-organizer/blob/4d0442244b3f442805138a4a8683a31067d00c7b/main.py).

# Conclusion

It is not difficult to operate and use files and directories in Python. If you know what you want to do and what you are looking for you can find almost everything that you need by googling. That is how I came across the **walk()** method.

If you want to learn more about Python, check out my ongoing [Python series](https://dev.to/sahilfruitwala/series/14888).

That was it. Thank you for reading.

I know it is a lot, but, I hope, you were able to absorb some knowledge. Let me know if you need any help or want to discuss something. Reach out to me on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/Sahil_Fruitwala) or [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/sahilfruitwala/). Make sure to share any thoughts, questions, or concerns. I would love to see them.

## References

1. [https://pynative.com/python-list-files-in-a-directory/](https://pynative.com/python-list-files-in-a-directory/)
2. [https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-move-files-and-directories-in-python](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-move-files-and-directories-in-python)

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