Networking101
Published: 2023-04-06 16:29:32

In today's highly connected world, networking is a necessity. It is networking that allows us to connect with others and share information, whether it is accessing the internet on our smartphones or sharing files at work. This article will explain how data is transmitted over a network, the different types of network topologies, and the role of networking protocols such as TCP/IP.

At the very least, a network is two or more computer systems that are linked by a transmission medium and share one or two protocols that enable them to exchange data. Various types of connectors such as cables and wireless technologies can be used as transmission medium, including Ethernet cables, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. The devices can exchange data, such as files, messages, and media, once they are connected. You may think of protocols as a set of rules for exchanging data in a structured format or an SI unit in a way. I will talk more on data exchange structure in a later article. 

In order to effectively network, you must understand how data is transmitted over a network. Over a network, data is sent as packets, which are small units of data. A packet includes both the transmitted data and the destination address, which indicates the location where the packet must be sent. As the packet is transmitted through the network, it gets fragmented into smaller units called frames, which are separately transmitted. Once all frames reach the intended destination, they are reassembled into the original packet.

Network topologies refers to the arrangement of end devices and how they are interconnected in a network. This guides the route data moves from one segment to get to another segment of the network as well as sharing of information within the segment. A variety of network topologies exist, such as bus, ring, star, and mesh. In a bus topology, a single cable connects all devices, while in a ring topology, devices are arranged in a circular formation with each device linked to two others. In a star topology, a central hub or switch connects all devices, whereas in a mesh topology, each device has a direct physical or wireless connection to every other node on the network. Drawbacks exists with these topologies to various degrees and hybrid network topology exists to limit the inherent weakness of each topology. A hybrid network is an interconnection of two or more basic network topologies. 

Networking protocols, like TCP/IP, encompass a set of guidelines that regulate the process of data transmission across a network. TCP/IP is the most extensively used networking protocol worldwide, and it is utilized for data transfer over the internet and other networks. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is responsible for guaranteeing accurate and reliable data transmission, while IP (Internet Protocol) is responsible for directing data traffic between networks.

In conclusion, a basic understanding of networking is imperative for anyone who uses computers or other digital devices. By comprehending the process of data transmission across a network, the various types of network topologies, and the function of networking protocols such as TCP/IP, individuals can effectively tackle network problems, create and manage network infrastructure, and enhance the overall performance of their networks. Whether one is a home user, a small business owner, or a network administrator, having a basic understanding of networking is indispensable in today's digital era.