Data Analytics in Water Management
Tags: datascience, datasciencecourse, dataanalytics, dataanalyticscourse
Published: 2022-11-08 09:27:06


Introduction
Worldwide, the pace of increase in water use is more than twice that of population growth. Water management businesses now have a problem providing clean water at the lowest possible cost. This can be avoided even though it is challenging by incorporating big data and analytics in water management systems.
Data Gathering And Water Management Decision Making
The majority of global industries today are data-driven. Utility sectors that manage water supply across cities and nations can also profit from employing data and analytics due to the introduction of various sensor-based devices and Smart Metering Systems that record data related to water flow, equipment status, and other analytical data.
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The following are some of the distant sources where these gadgets gather water-related data:
Pumping facilities
Storage areas
locations of commercial clients
locations of retail clients

The following list of commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) tools can assist water managers in making better and more informed decisions by collecting data from various sources.
Acquisition of data and supervision (SCADA)
Systems for the management of laboratory data (LIMS)
Systems for Computerised Maintenance (CMMS)

These devices are equipped to save water data and take fast responses based on it. Here are a few of the advantages that these systems may offer:
local or distant places for processing control
real-time data collection, collecting, and processing
logging events with log files

In order to clarify the data collection process that aids in better resource monitoring and improved decision-making through data visualization and data intake, I will use one such data-driven product, SCADA, as an example. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or remote terminal units are used in the fundamental SCADA system (RTUs). Microcomputers running SCADA software can communicate with various items, including factory machinery, human-machine interfaces (HMIs), sensors, and other devices. The straightforward illustration that follows demonstrates how SCADA manages data flow and capture:

How a SCADA system captures and flows data.
Relational databases are used by modern SCADA systems to store historical data for more in-depth analysis and to interact with other ERP systems smoothly.

Beyond COTS Product Capabilities, There Is A Need For Advanced Data And Analytics
Although these systems can display the current water level condition and issue alerts in real time, the capacity to anticipate any future issues with the aid of sophisticated analytical tools has the potential to transform the water management industry completely.

Real-time data from many sources can contain a sizable volume of data that is neither being processed nor used to understand the system's operation in greater detail or to make predictions. Utilizing big data and cloud technology is essential due to population expansion and the increase in data sources that provide information about customers' evolving needs. SCADA software can also be used to gather and merge different data to determine the best water management strategies that can best meet customers' needs.

The following purposes can make use of data collected from sources such as SCADA systems:
Water quality control
Treatment of wastewater
Managing leaks and improving network performance
Utilizing preventative maintenance to increase operational value
ability to automate processing

Building Analytical Applications For Water Management Using Azure Cloud Technology
For a utility firm that manages water resources, the high-level architectural diagram below demonstrates how data from internal and external sources can be ingested to build analytics in the Azure Cloud platform.

Data Ingestion for Analytics in Azure Cloud from Internal and External Sources
The majority of the capabilities, as shown in the above diagram, can be met using cloud-native PAAS services. Power BI can be used for creating reports and dashboards, while Azure ML Studio can be used for creating and managing AI/ML models.

Data Ingestion: To ingest data from multiple water data sources, use the Azure services listed below:
Utilizing Azure Data Factory to import structured data
Data intake center for unstructured and semi-structured events
An IoT hub ingests event data from IoT connectors.

Data processing: Azure Data Factory and Azure Databricks can be used to offer the business logic needed for transforming, cleaning, standardizing, and enriching data for the processing of both structured and unstructured data.

Data Quality: Since it is clear that the source data originates from several different systems, it is necessary to evaluate each ingested set of data in terms of quality before taking data transformation into account. Based on the high level of suspected faulty data, the necessity for a complete tool-based solution for data quality can be applied.
Data Storage: Azure is also useful for storing and transforming data. For unstructured and semi-structured data, raw, transformed, and curated data can be kept in the Azure Data Lake Gen2, whereas transformed and curated data for structured data types can be kept in either Azure Synapse or Azure SQL Database as the target storage.

Self-Service BI and visualization: The solution will let business users access predefined data visualizations and build their own reports and dashboards using Power BI models. Dependence on technology teams can be removed in this manner. Users can undertake their own data analysis by extracting data that can be used as data visualizations and exported to different formats.

Data Science: Machine learning can be used to anticipate events, such as soil moisture, rain, and wind, which can assist farmers in choosing the best time to sow their crops, irrigate them, and harvest them. 

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