teleren/devto huggingface dataset:
Luther's theory
Published: 2023-04-18 07:17:31

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Can this platform really help you become fluent in an Indian language?
Published: 2023-04-18 07:06:48

The effectiveness of any **language learning platform**, including those focused on **Indian languages**, depends on several factors. Firstly, the quality of the content provided on the platform is crucial. A good language learning platform should offer a range of materials such as videos, audio recordings, interactive exercises, and assessments that can help learners to improve their skills in reading, writing, speaking, and listening.

Secondly, the platform should provide learners with opportunities to practice using the language in real-life situations. This can include features such as language exchange programs, virtual classrooms, and live conversations with native speakers.

Thirdly, the platform should have a strong emphasis on language immersion, which means that learners are exposed to the language in its natural context as much as possible. This can include providing access to news articles, movies, TV shows, and other media in the target language.

Finally, the learner's commitment and dedication to the learning process are also essential for success. Even the most effective language learning platform cannot guarantee fluency if the learner does not put in the effort to study regularly and practice using the language in everyday situations.

Overall, a language learning platform can certainly help learners become fluent in an Indian language, but it is important to choose a platform that offers high-quality content, ample opportunities for practice, and a strong focus on immersion. Some examples of popular language learning platforms for Indian languages include **[Hindustani Tongue](https://hindustanitongue.com/)**, Babbel, and Rosetta Stone.


#programming #learning #programminglanguage #languagelearning
Replacing Certificates
Published: 2023-04-18 07:06:45

Scenarios
Default security certificates and private keys required for SSL connection are configured in openGauss. You can change them as needed.

Prerequisites
The formal certificates and keys for the server and client have been obtained from the CA.

Precautions
Currently, openGauss supports only the X509v3 certificate in PEM format.

Procedure
Prepare for a certificate and a key.

Conventions for configuration file names on the server:

Certificate name: server.crt
Key name: server.key
Key password and encrypted file: server.key.cipher and server.key.rand
Conventions for configuration file names on the client:

Certificate name: client.crt
Key name: client.key
Key password and encrypted file: client.key.cipher and client.key.rand
Certificate name: cacert.pem
CRL file name: sslcrl-file.crl
Create a compressed package.

Package name: db-cert-replacement.zip

Package format: ZIP

Package file list: server.crt, server.key, server.key.cipher, server.key.rand, client.crt, client.key, client.key.cipher, client.key.rand, cacert.pem If you need to configure the CRL, the list must contain sslcrl-file.crl.

Invoke the certificate replacement interface to replace a certificate.

Upload the prepared package db-cert-replacement.zip to any path of an openGauss user.

For example: /home/xxxx/db-cert-replacement.zip

Run the following command to perform the replacement:



```
gs_om -t cert --cert-file= /home/xxxx/db-cert-replacement.zip
```
Restart the openGauss.


```
gs_om -t stop 
gs_om -t start
```
 NOTE:
Certificates can be rolled back to the version before the replacement. You can run the gs_om -t cert –rollback command to remotely invoke the interface or gs_om -t cert –rollback -L to locally invoke the interface. The certificate will be rolled back to the latest version that was successfully replaced.
Kind comments😉
Tags: javascript, beginners, programming, vscode
Published: 2023-04-18 07:05:20

While I am still new to coding, as a Software Development student at Flatiron School, I am learning tips and tricks that best suit my learning experience. 

Although, I was hesitant at first, I am now a firm believer in commenting inside my code. I have realized it is crucial for my note taking style of self learning. Each person learns differently and incorporates their own strategies for success in soaking up the necessary knowledge. 

_At the start of my learning, instructors introduced comments as a means for communication between coders, to leave directions/instructions for the code and what it does. This relays easy explanation to new eyes on a project, and was questionable and confusing to me at first._ 

As I was still unaware visually, of what I was interpreting, comments confused me further. 
While my coding practice is evolving and I'm continuously beating this new found knowledge into my head, over and over until it finally soaks up, commenting has become a staple.

Even though VS Code has become the main entity for my coding projects, it has also become my personal notebook for my course notes. The ability to comment notes in my own terminology as well as write out code examples in all its colorful glory is dynamic. This helps immensely, when having my personal learning material match the visual aesthetic that I encounter anytime I write code for coursework. It tickles my brain so good, as I'm a very "visual-to-hands on learner. **(i.e. Monkey see and do 🐵)**

![Coding notes](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/6kb9m138d0xv7o4cd3me.png)

![Coding notes](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/lw2ukpkb662w6tzssbht.png)

I am able to further breakdown difficult equations and explain them to myself, in my own words and understanding in a line of comment - in real time as I am problem solving. 

I highly recommend getting comfortable with incorporating comments into your code along the way!
Establishing Secure TCP/IP Connections in SSH Tunnel Mode
Tags: opengauss
Published: 2023-04-18 07:00:57

Background
To ensure secure communication between the database server and its clients, secure SSH tunnels can be established between the database server and clients. SSH is a reliable security protocol dedicated to remote login session and other network services.

Regarding the SSH client, the SSH provides the following two security authentication levels:

Password-based security authentication: Use an account and a password to log in to a remote host. All transmitted data is encrypted. However, the connected server may not be the target server. Another server may pretend to be the real server and perform the man-in-the-middle attack.
Key-based security authentication: A user must create a pair of keys and put the public key on the target server. This mode prevents man-in-the-middle attacks while encrypting all transmitted data. However, the entire login process may last 10s.
Prerequisites
The SSH service and the database must run on the same server.

Procedure
OpenSSH is used as an example to describe how to configure SSH tunnels. The process of configuring key-based security authentication is not described here. OpenSSH provides multiple configurations to adapt to different networks. For more details, see documents related to OpenSSH.

Establish the SSH tunnel from a local host to the database server.


```
ssh -L 63333:localhost:8000 username@hostIP
```
 NOTE:

The first digit string (63333) of the -L parameter indicates the local port ID of the tunnel and can be randomly selected.
The second digit string (8000) indicates the remote port ID of the tunnel, which is the port ID on the server.
localhost is the IP address of the local host, username is the username on the database server to be connected, and hostIP is the IP address of the database server to be connected.
Coding Heroes: Who Inspires and Motivates You?
Tags: discuss, beginners, codenewbie
Published: 2023-04-18 07:00:00

We all have role models and people we look up to for inspiration and motivation: a coding mentor, a well-known programmer, someone who has paved the way for diversity in tech.

Who are the people that have made a significant impact on your coding journey? Share their stories and how they have influenced you. Let's give them the recognition they deserve!

---

Follow the [CodeNewbie Org](https://dev.to/codenewbieteam) and [#codenewbie](https://dev.to/t/codenewbie) for more awesome discussions and online camaraderie!
Configuration File Reference
Tags: opengauss
Published: 2023-04-18 06:48:04

Table 1 Parameter description

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/78wu7w88rtjuihkzkof3.png)

Table 2 Authentication modes

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/cv9cq2ys07ui0cqlsk6i.png)
Social Media tips that increase engagement.
Published: 2023-04-18 06:39:55

**In today's digital age, social media platforms have become a primary source for promoting and sharing content. With over 3.96 billion social media users worldwide, it can be a challenge to cut through the noise and make your content stand out. However, with a few simple tactics, you can optimize your social media strategy to increase engagement and reach.**

**Here are four social media tips to help you boost your content's visibility:**

**Stay close to the star**: It's important to find a major artist in your genre and observe when they post their content. Most likely, these posts are scheduled. Schedule your posts to appear a few minutes after theirs because some of their audience might see yours as well. This is an effective way to increase your reach and attract new followers.

**Repurpose your content**: Repurposing content is a great way to reach new audiences and keep your existing followers engaged. Take a look at your insights and find the posts that performed the best over the last year. Repost them with a new caption or headline. Many in your audience may have missed your first post, so this is an excellent opportunity to recycle your content and reach new people.

**Don't post on the hour**: It's a common belief that posting on the hour is the best time to post. However, new data suggests that it's best to schedule your posts to appear five to ten minutes before or after the hour. This strategy helps to increase visibility and reach more people.

**Wait on the comments and likes**: In the past, SEO gurus advised replying to comments and likes as soon as possible. However, new data suggests waiting until after your next post to reply. When you reply, your followers receive a notification, increasing the chances they'll see your new post. This simple technique can significantly boost your content's visibility.
By implementing these social media tactics, you can optimize your content's visibility and reach a broader audience.

#MlimaVirtual
MOT JIT Diagnostics
Tags: opengauss
Published: 2023-04-18 06:35:20

mot_jit_detail
This built-in function is used to query the details about JIT compilation (code generation).

Usage Examples

```
select * from mot_jit_detail();

select proc_oid, substr(query, 0, 50), namespace, jittable_status, valid_status, last_updated, plan_type, codegen_time from mot_jit_detail();
```
Output Description

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/gjansgyq47sft98wjpo9.png)

mot_jit_profile
This built-in function is used to query the profiling data (performance data) of the query or stored procedure execution.

Usage Examples

```
select * from mot_jit_profile();
select proc_oid, id, parent_id, substr(query, 0, 50), namespace, weight, total, self, child_gross, child_net from mot_jit_profile();
```
Output Description

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/wfehyuetp6ma709gu27w.png)

Miscellaneous
Another useful system table to get information about stored procedures and functions is pg_proc.

For example, body of a stored procedure can be queried using the following query:



```
select proname,prosrc from pg_proc where proname='sp_call_filter_rules_100_1';

```
JIT for Stored procedures
Tags: opengauss
Published: 2023-04-18 06:33:01

JIT for Stored Procedures (JIT SP) is supported by the openGauss MOT engine (starting from 5.0 version), and its goal is deliver even higher performance and lower latency.

JIT SP refers to code generation, compiling and execution of stored procedures (SP) by LLVM runtime code generation and execution library. JIT SP is available to SPs accessing MOT tables (only) and is completely transparent to users. SPs with Cross-Tx usage will be executed by standard PLSQL. Acceleration level depends on the SP logic complexity. For example, a real customer application achieved acceleration of 20%, 44%, 300% and 500% for different SPs, shaving microseconds to tens of milliseconds of the SP latency.

During the PREPARE phase of a query invoking an SP, or the first SP execution, the JIT module performs an attempt to translate the SP SQL into a C-based function and compile it in runtime (using LLVM). If successful, the consecutive SP invocations the MOT will execute a compiled function, leading to performance gains. In case of failure to produce a compiled function, the SP will be executed by standard PLSQL. Both scenarios are fully transparent to users.

You may refer to JIT Diagnostics for useful diagnostics information.
MOT Recovery Concepts
Tags: opengauss
Published: 2023-04-18 06:31:17

The MOT Recovery Module provides all the required functionality for recovering the MOT tables data. The main objective of the Recovery module is to restore the data and the MOT engine to a consistent state after a planned (maintenance for example) shut down or an unplanned (power failure for example) crash.

openGauss database recovery, which is also sometimes called a Cold Start, includes MOT tables and is performed automatically with the recovery of the rest of the database. The MOT Recovery Module is seamlessly and fully integrated into the openGauss recovery process.

MOT recovery has two main stages – Checkpoint Recovery and WAL Recovery (Redo Log).

MOT checkpoint recovery is performed before the envelope's WAL recovery takes place. This is done only at cold-start events (start server). It recovers the metadata first (schema) and then inserts all the rows from the current valid checkpoint, which is done in parallel by checkpoint_recovery_workers, each working on a different table. The indexes are created during the insert process.

When checkpointing a table, it is divided into 16 MB chunks, so that multiple recovery workers can recover the table in parallel. This is done in order to speed-up the checkpoint recovery, it is implemented as a multi-threaded procedure where each thread is responsible for recovering a different segment. There are no dependencies between different segments therefore there is no contention between the threads and there is no need to use locks when updating table or inserting new rows.

WAL records are recovered as part of the envelope's WAL recovery. openGauss envelope iterates through the XLOG and performs the necessary operation based on the xlog record type. In case of entry with record type MOT, the envelope forwards it to MOT RecoveryManager for handling. The xlog entry will be ignored by MOT recovery, if it is 'too old' – its LSN is older than the checkpoint's LSN (Log Sequence Number).

Performance is the key benefit of MOT, and low latency RTO in high availability scenarios is not an exception. With openGauss 5.0 release, MOT engine includes a Parallel Recovery mechanism to achieve low RTO as per openGauss specifications.

In an active-standby deployment, the standby server is always in a Recovery state for an automatic WAL recovery process.

The MOT recovery parameters are set in the mot.conf file explained in the MOT Recovery section.
MOT Checkpoint Concepts
Tags: opengauss
Published: 2023-04-18 06:30:45

In openGauss, a Checkpoints is a snapshot of a point in the sequence of transactions at which it is guaranteed that the heap and index data files have been updated with all information written before the checkpoint.

At the time of a Checkpoint, all dirty data pages are flushed to disk and a special checkpoint record is written to the log file.

The data is stored directly in memory. The MOT does not store its data it the same way as openGauss so that the concept of dirty pages does not exist.

For this reason, we have researched and implemented the CALC algorithm, which is described in the paper named Low-Overhead Asynchronous Checkpointing in Main-Memory Database Systems, SIGMOND 2016 from Yale University.

Low-overhead asynchronous checkpointing in main-memory database systems.

CALC Checkpoint Algorithm – Low Overhead in Memory and Compute
The checkpoint algorithm provides the following benefits –

Reduced Memory Usage – At most two copies of each record are stored at any time. Memory usage is minimized by only storing a single physical copy of a record while it is live and stable versions are equal or when no checkpoint is actively being recorded.
Low Overhead – CALC's overhead is smaller than other asynchronous checkpointing algorithms.
Uses Virtual Points of Consistency – CALC does not require quiescing of the database in order to achieve a physical point of consistency.
Checkpoint Activation
MOT checkpoints are integrated into openGauss's envelope's Checkpoint mechanism. The Checkpoint process can be triggered manually by executing the CHECKPOINT; command or automatically according to the envelope's Checkpoint triggering settings (time/size).

Checkpoint configuration is performed in the mot.conf file – see the CHECKPOINT (MOT)section.
Per-transaction Logging
Tags: opengauss
Published: 2023-04-18 06:29:35

In the In-Memory Engine, the transaction log records are stored in a transaction buffer which is part of the transaction object (TXN). The transaction buffer is logged during the calls to addToLog() – if the buffer exceeds a threshold it is then flushed and reused. When a transaction commits and passes the validation phase (OCC SILO[Comparison – Disk vs. MOT] validation) or aborts for some reason, the appropriate message is saved in the log as well in order to make it possible to determine the transaction's state during a recovery.

Figure 1 Per-transaction Logging

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/v12nbxp3qpyan076ndae.png)
Parallel Logging is performed both by MOT and disk engines. However, the MOT engine enhances this design with a log-buffer per transaction, lockless preparation and a single log record.
Logging Design Overview
Tags: opengauss
Published: 2023-04-18 06:28:59

Write-Ahead Logging (WAL) is a standard method for ensuring data durability. WAL's central concept is that changes to data files (where tables and indexes reside) are only written after those changes have been logged, meaning after the log records that describe these changes have been flushed to permanent storage.

The MOT Engine uses the existing openGauss logging facilities, enabling it also to participate in the replication process.

Figure 1 Three Logging Options

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/gyn6220oesbalk1nwpgb.jpg)


The RedoLog component is used by both by backend threads that use the MOT Engine and by the WAL writer in order to persist their data. Checkpoints are performed using the Checkpoint Manager, which is triggered by the Postgres checkpointer.
MOT Durability Concepts
Published: 2023-04-18 06:20:10

Durability refers to long-term data protection (also known as disk persistence). Durability means that stored data does not suffer from any kind of degradation or corruption, so that data is never lost or compromised. Durability ensures that data and the MOT engine are restored to a consistent state after a planned shutdown (for example, for maintenance) or an unplanned crash (for example, a power failure).

Memory storage is volatile, meaning that it requires power to maintain the stored information. Disk storage, on the other hand, is non-volatile, meaning that it does not require power to maintain stored information, thus, it can survive a power shutdown. MOT uses both types of storage – it has all data in memory, while persisting transactional changes to disk MOT Durability and by maintaining frequent periodic MOT Checkpointsin order to ensure data recovery in case of shutdown.

The user must ensure sufficient disk space for the logging and Checkpointing operations. A separated drive can be used for the Checkpoint to improve performance by reducing disk I/O load.

You may refer to MOT Key Technologies section__for an overview of how durability is implemented in the MOT engine.