Building for Everyone: The Essentials of Accessible Front-End Development
Tags: webdev, a11y, html, design
Published: 2023-02-18 10:58:55

## Embracing Accessibility in Front-End Development


When we think of the internet, we often envision a limitless and boundless space that connects us all. However, for a significant portion of the population with disabilities, the internet is not always an accessible and inclusive place. They may be left behind, excluded, and unable to access its limitless possibilities.

But there's hope. As front-end engineers, we have the power to make the web a more inclusive and accessible place for all. By prioritizing accessibility in our work, we can make a significant difference in the lives of those with disabilities.

Accessibility is not just a nice-to-have feature; it's a crucial component of any successful website or application. But all too often, accessibility is an afterthought, rather than a foundational consideration. As developers, we need to change that mindset and view accessibility as an integral part of the development process.

### The Need for Accessibility

Did you know that approximately 15% of the world's population lives with some form of disability? And, in Africa, this number could be even higher. With the increasing reliance on technology and the internet, it's crucial that we ensure that everyone, including those with disabilities, can access and use the information and services available on the web.

To ensure this, several countries have legally mandated website and digital content accessibility. For instance, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the United States, the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) in Canada, and the Equality Act 2010 in the UK all require that all websites and digital content must be accessible to people with disabilities.

### The Importance of Accessibility Awareness

As front-end engineers, it's essential to understand the basics of accessibility and how to make elements of a website or application more accessible. This includes having a grasp of the different types of disabilities and how they affect the use of technology.

For example, people with visual impairments may use a screen reader to navigate a website, while those with motor disabilities may use a keyboard to interact with and activate elements on a page.

### **An Analogy: Building Accessibility and Web Accessibility**

Accessibility should be considered an essential part of the design and development process, just as it is in physical spaces, such as buildings. Just as it is devastating when a building is not accessible to everyone, the same is true for the web.

Imagine a building with steps leading to the entrance, making it inaccessible to individuals in wheelchairs. Similarly, a website with complex navigation and a lack of alternative text for images makes it difficult for individuals with visual impairments to access the information and services available.

Just as building codes and regulations, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the US, require that buildings be accessible to individuals with disabilities, website and digital content accessibility is also legally mandated in several countries, including the US, Canada, and the UK.

As front-end engineers, it's our responsibility to design and develop websites that are accessible to everyone, just as architects and builders must design and construct buildings that are accessible to all. Whether it's by incorporating alternative text for images, creating easily focusable buttons, or ensuring adequate color contrast, we can make a difference and help create a more inclusive web for everyone.

### Enhancing Accessibility in Vital Areas

Accessibility in web applications can be improved by following the POUR acronym: **Perceivable**, **Operable**, **Understandable**, and **Robust**. This acronym is a helpful guide to making sure webpages and applications are accessible to everyone, regardless of their physical or cognitive abilities. By ensuring that webpages and applications are Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust, developers can ensure that everyone can access the content and features of their applications and make sure that their webpages and applications are accessible to all users.

There are several key areas where we can improve accessibility, including:

Alt Text for Images

```html
<img src="image.jpg" alt="A description of the image">
```

By adding alternative text (alt text) to images, we provide a textual description of the image for users with visual impairments who use a screen reader. The alt text should be concise and accurately describe the content of the image.

Buttons

```html
<button type="submit" aria-label="Submit Form">
Submit
</button>
```

Buttons can be made more accessible by incorporating a clear and descriptive label, providing alternative text for screen readers, ensuring that the button is easily focusable and activatable using keyboard navigation, and adding ARIA attributes to provide additional information for assistive technologies.

Headings

```html
<h1>Header 1</h1>
<h2>Header 2</h2>
<h3>Header 3</h3>
```

Using semantic headings (H1-H6) gives structure to the content on a page and makes it easier for users, especially those using assistive technologies, to navigate and comprehend the content.

In addition to catering to individuals with disabilities, accessibility in front-end development also affects individuals without severe disabilities. For example, one important aspect of accessibility is color contrast. This refers to the difference between the background color and the text color on a website. If the color contrast is low, it can make the text difficult to read, especially for individuals with low vision or color blindness.

```html
<div style="background-color: #ddd; color: #333; padding: 10px;">
<p>Poor color contrast makes text difficult to read</p>
</div>
<div style="background-color: #333; color: #ddd; padding: 10px;">
<p>Good color contrast makes text easier to read</p>
</div>
```


![Color contrast comparison](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/96616l9xs8sw39ysmt8f.png)

By ensuring that our websites have adequate color contrast, we can improve the user experience for everyone, not just individuals with disabilities. This small but significant detail goes a long way in making our websites accessible and usable for all.

So, as we work towards building inclusive and accessible websites, let's not forget that accessibility is not just about catering to individuals with disabilities, but also about creating a better user experience for everyone.

### Taking Action for Accessibility

Accessibility should not be considered as an afterthought in the design and development process. It is our duty as front-end engineers to ensure that the web is inclusive and accessible to everyone, regardless of their abilities.

Think of accessibility as you would think of accessibility in physical spaces, such as buildings. It's devastating when a building isn't accessible to everyone. The same is true for the web. We have the power to create a more accessible and inclusive digital world for all.

In conclusion, I will continue to share my journey and learnings on accessibility through this series and encourage my fellow engineers to join me in making the web a more accessible and inclusive place. To help in this effort, you can use accessibility tools like screen readers to test