#CyberSecurity Day #000
Tags: cybersecurity, comptia, career, tutorial
Published: 2023-02-28 20:29:37



![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/vnvuwm2bmhns9zyuypdh.jpeg)

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**_Allons-y Alonso!_**

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I don't know how many days or years this series of articles will last, but I will try to follow the roadmap recommended by my dear friend Can Değer in his [video](https://youtu.be/8tV7HtwdtnA). So, let's start from day zero. Today is day zero, and I am preparing for the CompTIA A+ certification. Therefore, I studied the topics from sources related to this certification in the order and manner they were presented. If you see any errors or omissions, please let me know via [Twitter DM](https://twitter.com/dakmaybe) or comment here. Have a happy day!



## Laptop Hardware

It is common to encounter precise customizations in the repair of laptops, making it quite challenging to fix the device. However, repairing some laptops may be easier than others. Understanding the processes of the devices is the most crucial step in the repair process.

Furthermore, there are many differences in design and architecture among laptop manufacturers. Therefore, it is also essential to have knowledge about the manufacturer of the device when performing repair operations. After acquiring this information, understanding and examining the hardware of the device correctly will enable us to take the necessary steps to identify and fix the problem.


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/ac6cpvzbj8gi4uw5bwaf.jpeg)


### Batteries

One of the most important features of laptops is that they are designed for mobile use. Therefore, when you unplug your computer from the socket, it does not shut down like desktop computers. The reason for this is the batteries of laptops.
Batteries act like superheroes for laptops. While some laptops come with a removable battery, some may come with an integrated battery that is not visible or accessible for repair. Most of these batteries are made with Lithium-Ion or Lithium-Ion polymer technology and have no relation to memory.
Charging batteries can cause a decrease in their capacity. However, the types and styles of batteries can vary, and battery technology continues to evolve every day. New technologies are working to provide longer-lasting batteries.


### Keyboards

Keyboards are among the most frequently used components of laptops. Keyboards usually consist of a device connected by a ribbon cable and are quite easy to replace.

With rare exceptions, all laptops provide external keyboard support. This allows users to use their computers more comfortably and efficiently by using an external keyboard.

The design of keyboards is static, as manufacturers can modify the size of the keyboard to save space, for example. Some laptops may be designed in a smaller size, but the keyboard layout generally uses the same standard layout to maintain functionality.


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/b5ob83u8svh9m9e0dzdm.jpeg)


### Memories

In laptops, all operations are performed on memory (memory) . For example, essential components like operating systems run on memory. However, if you run out of memory space or want to increase performance, you may need to upgrade.
SO-DIMM memory, which is usually produced as small outline dual inline memory modules, is the type of memory used in small devices such as laptops and mobile devices. Since these memories are designed to be easily accessible, replacement or upgrade operations can usually be done by users.
However, some manufacturers may oppose memory upgrade operations by using a closed system design. In this case, your system may not use SO-DIMM memory and may be directly soldered on the motherboard.


### Storages

The most frequently used components in laptops are keyboards. Keyboards usually consist of a device connected by a ribbon cable and are easy to replace.

With rare exceptions, all laptops support external keyboard input. This allows users to use their laptops more comfortably and efficiently by using an external keyboard.

Keyboard design is static as manufacturers can make changes to the size of the keyboard to save space. Some laptops are designed to be smaller, but they generally use the same standard layout to maintain keyboard functionality.

In laptops, all operations are performed on memory (RAM). For example, basic components such as operating systems run on memory. However, if you run out of memory space or want to improve performance, you may need to upgrade.

SO-DIMM memory, typically produced as small outline dual inline memory modules, is the type of memory used in small-sized devices such as laptops and mobile devices. These memory modules are designed to be easily accessible, so replacement or upgrade operations can typically be performed by users.

However, some manufacturers may oppose memory upgrade operations by using a closed system design. In this case, your system may not use SO-DIMM memory and may be directly soldered to the motherboard.

In the past, the traditional rotating drives of magnetic disk technology were used, which consisted of conventional spinning drives with 2.5-inch or 3.5-inch models. However, today, SSD (solid-state drive) technology is preferred in laptops. As all memory in SSDs is solid-state, there are no moving parts, and this technology stands out with promises of silent operation, fast access, and low latency. For now, 2.5-inch models are generally preferred, but an interface called "M.2" is also available. The M.2 interface has a small design and does not have any cables and can be made ready for use in plug-and-play mode.