Programming Methodologies: Agile vs Waterfall
Tags: webdev, beginners, codenewbie
Published: 2022-11-09 17:10:31

Programming methodology is a system of rules and guidelines used by programmers to create software. It includes a set of best practices, tools and techniques that help programmers write high-quality code.

There are many different programming methodologies, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The most popular ones are **waterfall** and **agile**.

## Waterfall
Waterfall programming methodology is a sequential design process, often used in software development, that is characterized by distinct phases of activity. In waterfall methodology, progress flows in a linear, sequential fashion from one phase to the next.

### Waterfall advantages
The main advantage of waterfall methodology is its predictability. Because each phase has specific deliverables and a review process, it is relatively easy to manage risk and identify potential problems early on. This makes waterfall well-suited for projects where requirements are very well understood.

### Waterfall disadvantages
Waterfall also has some disadvantages. One is that it can be inflexible; once a project moves into a later stage, it can be difficult to make changes without potentially jeopardizing the entire project. Additionally, because waterfall relies on a linear progression, it does not lend itself well to projects with rapidly changing or unpredictable requirements.

Despite its drawbacks, waterfall remains one of the most popular software development methodologies due to its simplicity and predictability. When applied correctly to an appropriate project, it can help ensure smooth progress and successful delivery.

## Agile
Agile is a more modern approach that is based on iteration and constant feedback from users. It is more flexible than waterfall and can handle changes more easily. However, it can be more difficult to plan and estimate timelines for projects using agile.

Agile programming is a methodology for developing software in which requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional teams. It promotes adaptive planning, evolutionary development, early delivery, and continuous improvement, and it encourages rapid and flexible response to change.

The agile approach began in the software development community, but has since been adopted by organizations of all types and sizes. Agile programming is based on the values and principles outlined in the Agile Manifesto.

There are many different agile methods or frameworks, each with its own set of practices and terminology. The most popular agile methods are Scrum, Kanban, Lean, and Extreme Programming (XP).

### Agile advantages

- Increased flexibility: Agile programming helps organizations respond quickly to changes in market conditions or customer needs. This is because the agile approach encourages constant feedback and allows for course corrections throughout the development process. As a result, organizations can avoid the costly mistakes that can occur when plans are set in stone too far in advance.

- Improved quality: The focus on collaboration and constant feedback helps to ensure that errors are caught early and that features are developed with the user in mind. This leads to higher quality software that is more likely to meet the needs of its users.

- Greater transparency: The use of short development cycles (known as sprints) makes it easy to track progress and identify issues early on. This transparency helps to build trust between developers and stakeholders.

- Enhanced team morale: The collaborative nature of agile programming fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility among team members. This can lead to higher levels of engagement and satisfaction within the team.

### Agile Disadvantages

- A greater need for discipline: Because agile programming relies heavily on self-organizing teams, it requires a high degree of discipline from both developers and stakeholders. Without this discipline, it can be difficult to stay on track and make progress towards objectives.

- Risk of scope creep: The iterative nature of agile programming means that there is always the potential to add new features or make changes to existing ones. This can lead to scope creep – the uncontrolled expansion of a project’s scope – which can ultimately cause delays and cost overruns.

- A higher level of complexity: The use of multiple agile methods or frameworks can lead to a higher level of complexity, which can make it difficult for new team members to get up to speed. In addition, the constant change that is characteristic of agile programming can also add to the complexity.