An Introduction to DevOps: Principles and Practices
Tags: devops, infrastructure, containers, beginners
Published: 2023-04-08 20:47:49

A few weeks ago, I was on a community call with some front-end engineers, and I noticed how well they were versed in DevOps and Infrastructure. I spent half of the time nodding my head, and whenever I heard “Continuous integration or Continuous deployment or Git”, I would scream, “Yeahhhh,” not cause I really know them, but I remember a few years ago when you had to manually setup GitHub Actions for your Netlify deployments, now it’s automatic. After the meeting, I promised myself I would learn the basics of DevOps and Infrastructure. 

My favorite learning method is reading and writing articles about it. This is how I’ll educate myself on DevOps and Infra.

 

## What is DevOps?

DevOps is a combination of the words "development" and "operations." It's a set of practices and principles that aims to bridge the gap between software development and IT operations teams. By promoting collaboration, communication, and integration between these teams that have traditionally worked separately, DevOps enables organizations to build, test, and deploy software more quickly and reliably. The main goal of DevOps is to streamline the entire software development lifecycle, from planning to deployment and beyond.

## The Three Ways of DevOps

The Three Ways of DevOps are the guiding principles that form the foundation of DevOps practices. These principles help teams to understand the core values of DevOps better and provide a framework for implementing its practices effectively.

**Flow**
    
Flow is all about creating smooth, efficient, and continuous processes throughout the software development lifecycle. Imagine a river flowing from the source to the destination without any obstacles or interruptions. In the context of DevOps, the "river" represents the process of delivering software changes from development to operations and finally to the end-users. 

To improve flow, teams should focus on:

- Removing bottlenecks: Like rocks in a river, bottlenecks slow down the flow of work. Identify and eliminate them to increase the speed of software delivery.
- Minimizing handoffs: When work is passed from one team to another, like passing a baton in a relay race, it can create delays and miscommunication. Reducing these handoffs can streamline the process.
- Automating repetitive tasks: Automation can help to speed up processes by performing tasks quickly and consistently, just like a machine on an assembly line.

**Feedback:** 

Feedback is about creating a closed-loop system where information flows back from operations to development, similar to a two-way street. This feedback allows teams to learn from their mistakes, identify areas for improvement, and respond to customer needs quickly.

In the DevOps context, feedback can be achieved through the following:

- Monitoring: Keep an eye on the performance and health of your applications and infrastructure, like checking the dashboard of a car.
- Incident reports: When issues occur, document and share them with the development team to prevent similar problems in the future.
- Customer feedback: Listening to end-users and making improvements based on their needs and experiences.
  
**Continuous Learning and Experimentation**

Continuous learning and experimentation encourage teams to refine their processes, tools, and techniques constantly. Think of it as planting a garden: by regularly tending to it, learning from past mistakes, and trying new approaches, you can create a thriving and productive environment.

In a DevOps setting, continuous learning and experimentation involve:

- Learning from failures: When things go wrong, treat them as learning opportunities and use the knowledge gained to improve your processes.
- Embracing change: Be open to new ideas, tools, and technologies that can help your team work more efficiently and deliver better results.
- Experimenting: Test new approaches, measure their impact, and use the results to inform future decisions.

## Other DevOps Principles

Some other core DevOps principles I learned of are:

### Infrastructure as Code (IAC)

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is like creating a recipe for setting up a computer system. Instead of manually setting up servers, networks, and storage, you write a set of instructions in code. This "recipe" tells a computer how to set everything up automatically. With IaC, you can easily create and change your system's design, like editing a recipe. This approach saves time, reduces mistakes, and keeps your system consistent as if you were using the same recipe for cooking a dish multiple times. IaC is an essential part of DevOps that helps teams work faster and smarter. Some IaC tools that i hear of from Infra engineers frequently are Terraform, AWS CloudFormation, Ansible, Chef, and Puppet. These tools are essential for automating the management and provisioning of infrastructure.

### Continuous Improvement

Have you met DevOps or Infra engineers? They are always trying to be ahead of the world when it comes to improving and refining their projects. Like maintaining a tidy room, it involves regularly reviewing performance, analyzing data, making changes, learning from mistakes, and adapting to new situations. By staying open to new ideas and constantly improving, teams can ensure their processes are efficient and effective, delivering the best possible results in software development and IT operations.

## DevOps Practices

These practices are the methods and techniques used to implement DevOps principles in software development. The aim is to improve collaboration, streamline processes, and enhance the overall efficiency of the software development lifecycle. I’ll outline a few because I will dive deep into most of them in future articles.  

1. **Continuous Integration (CI)**: Integrating code changes frequently and automatically testing them to catch issues early.
2. **Continuous Delivery (CD)**: Ensuring software changes are always in a releasable state, allowing faster and more reliable deployments.
3. **Continuous Deployment**: Automatically deploy software changes to production, without manual intervention, once they pass required tests.
4. **Infrastructure as Code (IaC)**: Managing and provisioning infrastructure using code and automation tools.
5. **Monitoring and Logging**: Collecting and analyzing data on application performance and infrastructure health to enable informed decision-making and proactive issue resolution.
6. **Automated Testing**: Writing and running automated tests to ensure code quality and reduce the risk of introducing errors during deployment.
7. **Version Control**: Using tools like Git to manage and track changes to code, making collaboration and rollback easier.
8. **Microservices Architecture**: Designing applications as small, independent services that communicate through APIs, improving scalability and maintainability.
9. **Configuration Management**: Automating the process of applying and maintaining the desired state of software components and infrastructure.
10. **Containerization and Orchestration**: Containerization puts software and its parts into separate, small boxes called containers, making them work the same everywhere. Orchestration helps control these containers automatically, making big systems easier to handle. Together, they make app development faster and simpler, allowing better use of DevOps resources.

## Popular DevOps Tools

I’ve seen a lot of DevOps tools, and I'm just 2 days into this DevOps journey, but these four stand out for me.

- **Git (Version Control):** In DevOps, Git helps track code changes and fosters collaboration between developers and operations teams. It streamlines the development process, allowing for easy rollback and merging of changes, improving the overall software delivery pipeline.
- **Jenkins (CI/CD):** Jenkins plays a key role in DevOps by automating the Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery processes. It ensures code quality and rapid deployment, catching errors early and facilitating seamless collaboration between development and operations.
- **Docker (Containerization):** Docker enhances DevOps workflows by packaging software into portable containers, ensuring consistent performance across environments. It simplifies development and deployment, enabling faster and more reliable delivery of applications.
- **Kubernetes (Container Orchestration):** In DevOps, Kubernetes efficiently orchestrates containers, automating their deployment, scaling, and management. It optimizes resource utilization and supports complex, large-scale systems, improving the collaboration between development and operations teams.

## So far, this is what I know about DevOps…

DevOps brings together developers and IT operations to create better software faster. It's like a team sport where everyone works together.

The Three Ways of DevOps are like a playbook: Flow makes things move smoothly, Feedback is a two-way street for learning, and Continuous Learning encourages us to try new things. Other important ideas in DevOps are Infrastructure as Code (like a recipe for computer systems) and Continuous Improvement (always getting better).

DevOps practices help teams work together, like using containers and orchestrating them to make app development easier. Popular tools in DevOps include Git for tracking code changes, Jenkins for automating testing and deployment, Docker for packaging software, and Kubernetes for managing containers.

Next, **[Getting Started with Infrastructure as Code (IAC): Terraform vs. CloudFormation](https://dev.to/umoren/getting-started-with-infrastructure-as-code-iac-terraform-4mac)**

## Resources

1. I’m reading this book: **The DevOps Handbook: How to Create World-Class Agility, Reliability, and Security in Technology Organizations**
2. **[What is DevOps?](https://aws.amazon.com/devops/what-is-devops/)** - Amazon Web Services
3. **[An Introduction to DevOps](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/an-introduction-to-devops)** - DigitalOcean
4. **[The Top 5 DevOps Principles to Know](https://dzone.com/articles/the-top-5-devops-principles-to-know)** - DZone
5. **[The Top 11 DevOps Tools for 2021](https://stackify.com/top-devops-tools/)** - Stackify
6. **[Continuous Integration vs. Continuous Delivery vs. Continuous Deployment](https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/principles/continuous-integration-vs-delivery-vs-deployment)** - Atlassian
7. **[16 DevOps Best Practices Every Developer Should Know](https://spacelift.io/blog/devops-best-practices)** - spacelift