Building a Greener Cloud: The Role of an Architect for Sustainability in AWS
Tags: sustainability, aws, greenit, cloud
Published: 2023-02-19 16:17:56

In recent years, the term '_sustainability_' has become increasingly important, and for good reason. Climate change is one of the biggest threats facing our planet, and we need to take immediate action to mitigate its effects. One area where we might not expect to find an impact is in the world of technology, and specifically cloud computing. However, as it turns out, the cloud could be doing more damage to the planet than we realize.

## Why this is the case?
First, we need to look at how cloud computing works. Essentially, when we use cloud-based services, we are outsourcing the processing and storage of our data to massive data centers. These data centers are run by Amazon, Microsoft, and Google, and they are some of the largest energy consumers in the world. To power these centers, they require vast amounts of electricity, much of which comes from non-renewable sources like coal and natural gas.

The result of all this energy consumption is a significant carbon footprint. In fact, according to a report by Greenpeace, the internet and technology account for around 4% of global carbon emissions, more than double the emissions produced by the airline industry. By 2030, it's expected that this figure could double again, with technology and cloud computing accounting for over 8% of all carbon emissions.

## What can we do about this? 
The good news is that there are a number of initiatives underway to reduce the impact of cloud computing on the environment. Many of the major cloud providers have committed to using renewable energy sources to power their data centers. For example, Google has been carbon-neutral since 2007, and plans to be powered entirely by renewable energy by 2030. Microsoft has pledged to be carbon negative by 2030, while Amazon has committed to powering its operations with 100% renewable energy by 2025.

That’s why AWS is taking steps to make their operations more sustainable. They know that in order to keep our planet healthy, we need to work together to reduce our carbon footprint and minimize our impact on the environment.

## The AWS Sustainability Pillar
At re:Invent 2021, AWS announced that it’s adding a new Sustainability Pillar to the AWS Well-Architected Framework. This new pillar is designed to help developers and organizations incorporate sustainability into their cloud architecture and operations.

The Sustainability Pillar provides guidance on how to design and operate cloud workloads in a way that minimizes their impact on the environment. It covers a wide range of topics, including energy efficiency, waste reduction, and sustainable sourcing.

By incorporating the Sustainability Pillar into their architecture, developers can create cloud solutions that are not only more environmentally friendly but also more cost-effective and scalable.

## Architect for Sustainability
This is where the concept of Architect for Sustainability comes in – a framework for designing cloud solutions that are environmentally responsible. Architect for Sustainability is a set of best practices for cloud architecture that prioritize sustainability in design, development, and deployment. It is a holistic approach that considers the entire lifecycle of cloud solutions, from design to end-of-life disposal. 

To be sustainable on the cloud, businesses must work with cloud providers that are committed to Architect for Sustainability. This means choosing providers that have a clear sustainability strategy and have implemented best practices to reduce their environmental impact. It also means businesses must be conscious of their own carbon footprint and take steps to reduce their energy consumption and carbon emissions. Here are some key principles of Architect for Sustainability on AWS:

## AWS Customer Carbon Footprint Tool

In addition to the Sustainability Pillar, AWS is also working on a [customer carbon footprint tool](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-customer-carbon-footprint-tool/). This tool will allow AWS customers to measure and analyze the carbon footprint of their cloud operations.

By understanding the environmental impact of their cloud operations, customers can take steps to reduce their carbon footprint and make their operations more sustainable. This will not only benefit the environment but also help customers save money on their cloud operations.

## Use AWS’s carbon-free regions 
AWS has carbon-free regions that use renewable energy sources to power their data centers. By the end of 2021, several AWS regions were powered by over 95% renewable energy, including:
- US East (Northern Virginia)
- US West (Northern California)
- US East (Ohio)
- US West (Oregon)
- GovCloud (US-East)
- GovCloud (US-West) 
- Canada (Central)
- Europe (Ireland)
- Europe (Frankfurt) 
- Europe (London)
- Europe (Milan)
- Europe (Paris)
- Europe (Stockholm)

This means that using AWS in these regions can significantly reduce carbon emissions and help companies move towards their sustainability goals.

## Use serverless computing
According to a [study by Accenture](https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-177/Accenture-Tech-Sustainability-uniting-Sustainability-and-Technology.pdf), [serverless computing](https://aws.amazon.com/serverless/) can reduce carbon emissions by up to 70% compared to traditional server-based computing. This is because serverless computing platforms, such as AWS Lambda, can quickly scale up or down to match the demand for resources. As a result, businesses using AWS Lambda can reduce the number of servers they require, leading to a significant reduction in carbon emissions.

## Use auto-scaling
[AWS Auto-Scaling](https://aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/) is a service that automatically adjusts the capacity of an application in response to changing demand. It monitors resource utilization and scales resources up or down as necessary. By using AWS Auto Scaling, businesses can ensure that their applications are always running at optimal performance levels, without wasting resources or energy.

## Choose the most energy-efficient instance type 
AWS offers a wide range of instance types to choose from, some of which are more energy-efficient than others. For example, instances that use ARM-based processors are more energy-efficient than those that use Intel processors.

## Use CloudFront
One of the main ways that [AWS CloudFront](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/) helps to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions is through the use of edge locations. Edge locations are data centers that are located in different parts of the world and are designed to cache content so that it can be delivered quickly to customers in that region. By using edge locations, AWS CloudFront reduces the need for content to travel long distances, which in turn reduces the amount of energy needed to deliver that content. This helps to lower the carbon footprint of companies that use AWS CloudFront, as less energy is needed to power the delivery of their content.

Another way that AWS CloudFront helps to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions is through the use of caching. When content is requested by a customer, AWS CloudFront checks to see if that content is already stored in an edge location. If the content is already cached in an edge location, AWS CloudFront can deliver it quickly without having to retrieve it from the original source. This reduces the amount of energy needed to retrieve and deliver the content, as well as the carbon emissions associated with that process.

## Use AWS Trusted Advisor
[AWS Trusted Advisor](https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/technology/trusted-advisor/) is a tool that provides recommendations to optimize AWS infrastructure and resources. It analyzes an organization's AWS environment and provides guidance on cost optimization, security, performance, and fault tolerance. One of the lesser-known features of Trusted Advisor is its ability to help reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. It provides a list of best practices for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions.


## The Future of Sustainable Cloud

As cloud technology continues to evolve, it’s important that we prioritize sustainability and work to reduce our impact on the environment. By incorporating sustainability into our cloud operations, we can create a more sustainable future for our planet and ensure that we can continue to enjoy the things that make Earth so unique, like pizza.

AWS’s new Sustainability Pillar and customer carbon footprint tool are just two examples of how cloud providers are working to make their operations more sustainable. As more organizations prioritize sustainability in their cloud architecture, we can create a more sustainable future for our planet and ensure that we can continue to thrive on Earth for generations to come.