Top 10 Cross-Platform App Development Frameworks in 2023
Tags: crossplatform, mobile, javascript, devops
Published: 2023-03-28 10:23:07

Why is it important to keep tracking cross-platform framework development in 2023, and how can you benefit as a business or service provider by implementing cross-platform application development?

In today's fast-paced digital age, when every second we have a new technology to try and test, mobile applications have no longer become an innovation for us. They are part of our everyday lives. The more mobile apps become common, the more businesses take advantage of them to reach their target audience. However, developing a mobile application that can run on multiple platforms can be challenging and time-consuming. This is where cross-platform app development frameworks come into play.
Cross-platform app development frameworks allow developers to write code once and deploy it on multiple platforms. In this article, we will discuss the top 10 cross-platform app development frameworks for 2023.

### What are "cross-platform" technologies?
Cross-platform technologies are tools and frameworks that allow developers to write code once and deploy it on multiple platforms. Cross-platform app development is the practice of creating applications that work simultaneously on multiple platforms and software environments. This practice provides a cost-effective and time-efficient solution for businesses that want to develop a mobile application available on more than one platform, thus targeting wider audience groups. For a development agency, cross-platform app development is a great chance to target businesses with different needs. 

**What are the strategies for cross-platform app development?**

There are three major strategies for cross-platform development, and businesses or service providers prioritize one depending on project specifics or the expertise they already have. 

- **Platform-specific compilation**: This strategy involves compiling different versions of the same program for different operating systems. The main advantage of this approach is optimization for each platform, resulting in better performance and user experience. However, platform-specific compilation can be time-consuming and lead to code duplication.
- **Sub-tree merging**: In this strategy, developers create sub-trees of the code specific to each platform. Those sub-trees are later merged to create a cross-platform application. The strategy reduces code duplication, as only the platform-specific code needs to be duplicated. However, this approach can lead to complex merging processes and be challenging to maintain over time.
- **Platform abstraction**: In this approach, developers create a product abstract at certain levels to accommodate different software environments and then write platform-specific code that interacts with this layer. This strategy helps reduce code duplication and make the code more maintainable. However, it can be difficult to create a good abstraction layer, and the program performance can suffer if the abstraction layer is not well-designed.

**What are the advantages and disadvantages of cross-platform app development?**
Every advantage of new technology comes with a disadvantage, and before betting on one of the cross-platform frameworks for app development, check out the advantages and disadvantages of cross-platform development.

Advantages of Cross-Platform Development | Disadvantages of Cross-Platform Development
--- | ---
Reduced development time and cost | Limited access to platform-specific features
Code reuse across multiple platforms | Performance issues due to layer of abstraction
Faster time-to-market | Debugging can be difficult across multiple platforms
Consistent user experience across multiple platforms | Increased complexity in development and maintenance
Flexibility in choosing development tools and frameworks | Possible licensing issues with third-party tools and frameworks
Easier testing and deployment | Difficulty in accommodating platform-specific design guidelines
Scalability across multiple platforms | Lack of support for some niche or emerging platforms
Easier maintenance and updates | Dependency on third-party tools and frameworks


It's worth noting that the advantages and disadvantages of cross-platform development can vary depending on the specific project requirements and the chosen development approach.

### Top 10 Cross-Platform App Development Frameworks in 2023

Finally, let’s get to the top 10 cross-platform app development platforms that will be popular in 2023.

**React Native**
React Native is a popular cross-platform app development framework developed by Meta Platforms (Facebook) in 2015. It uses JavaScript and React to create native mobile applications for iOS and Android platforms. React Native allows developers to write code once and deploy it on multiple platforms, making it a popular choice for businesses that want to develop mobile applications for several operating systems.

**Programming language:** JavaScript
**Key features:**

- Tracking changes of React components immediately with the Fast Refresh feature.
- Great UI close to native UI components, allowing the developers to build a responsive user experience.
- Integration between React Native and Flipper mobile app debugger.


**Flutter**
Flutter is an open-source mobile app development framework developed by Google in 2017. It allows developers to create high-performance, visually attractive native mobile applications for iOS and Android platforms. Flutter has gained popularity among developers due to its fast development process, excellent documentation, and native interface. Being the newest framework, Flutter is definitely one of the most popular and effective cross-platform frameworks, supported by a powerful community.
**Programming language:** Dart
**Key features:**

- The hot reload feature enables tracking the changes after code modification without recompiling it.
- The platform has its own rendering engine for creating widgets.
- The technology provides excellent performance similar to native with flexible UI.

**Xamarin**
Xamarin is a cross-platform app development framework developed by Microsoft in 2011. It is an open-source framework that allows developers to create native mobile applications for iOS, Android, and Windows platforms. Xamarin provides a single codebase for all platforms, making it easy for developers to maintain and update their applications.
**Programming language:** C#
**Key features:**

- Xamarin.Forms enable utilizing platform-specific UI elements for a consistent look.
- Support for MVC and MVVM patterns of design.


**Ionic**
Ionic is an open-source UI toolkit released in 2013 that helps developers create web and hybrid mobile applications for iOS, Android, and web platforms using web technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and integrations for the React, Angular, and Vue frameworks. It provides a library of pre-built UI components that can be used to create visually appealing applications.
**Programming language:** JavaScript
**Key features:**

- Multiple UI components.
- The framework uses Cordova and Capacitor plugins to access the device’s built-in features.
- Personal IDE Ionic Studio for building apps with minimal coding.

**PhoneGap/Cordova**
PhoneGap, also known as Apache Cordova, is an open-source framework that enables developers to build cross-platform mobile applications. Developed by Adobe and later donated to the Apache Software Foundation, PhoneGap helps developers create mobile applications that can be deployed on multiple platforms, including iOS, Android, Windows Phone, and more.
**Programming Language:** HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
**Key Features:**

- The framework supports cross-platform compatibility for creating and deploying mobile applications on multiple platforms.
- PhoneGap/Cordova provides a set of APIs to access native device features. 
- The framework supports over-the-air updates for easy distribution of updates without requiring app downloads for a new version.

**Adobe AIR**
Adobe AIR is a cross-platform runtime environment created by Adobe Systems. The framework allows developers to build desktop and mobile applications for platforms including Windows, Mac OS, iOS, Android, and BlackBerry. It provides a rich set of APIs that can be used to create visually appealing and feature-rich applications. Also, Adobe AIR integrates with other Adobe tools like Adobe Flash, Adobe Flex, and Adobe Dreamweaver, making it easier for developers to create rich and interactive applications using familiar workflows.

**Programming language:** HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The framework also supports different programming languages, including ActionScript, C++, and Java.
**Key features:**

- Adobe Air apps are set up to automatically check for updates.
- A secure runtime environment with features like encrypted local storage and secure socket layer (SSL) support ensures the safety and security of user data.
- The framework enables running apps offline to provide users with an access to the apps even without a connection.

**Sencha Touch**
Sencha Touch is a popular mobile application development framework that enables developers to build cross-platform applications. Developed by Sencha, the framework supports multiple platforms, including iOS, Android, Kindle Fire, BlackBerry, and more.
**Programming language:** HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript
**Key features:**

- The framework provides a rich set of UI components that allow developers to create responsive interfaces and supports advanced graphics and animation features, making it easier to create engaging applications.
- Sencha Touch integrates with other technologies, such as PhoneGap/Cordova and Adobe AIR, allowing developers to leverage existing skills and tools to create applications.
- The framework provides a wide range of plugins and extensions that enable developers to extend the functionality of their applications. 

**Corona SDK**
The Corona SDK cross-platform framework enables developers to build cross-platform applications for iOS, Android, and Kindle. It provides a single codebase for all platforms, making it easy for developers to maintain and update their applications.
**Programming language:** Lua, a lightweight scripting language
**Key features:**

- Corona SDK provides a set of easy-to-use APIs to access device features. 
- The framework’s lightweight nature combined with a visual editor allows developers to create UI components using drag-and-drop, further speeding up the development process.
- A rich set of plugins and extensions enables developers to add new features and functionality to their applications.


**Appcelerator Titanium**
Appcelerator Titanium is another popular open-source mobile development platform that allows developers to create native mobile applications for iOS, Android, and other mobile platforms. The framework was first released in 2008 and has since been used to build mobile applications for businesses, enterprises, and individuals.
**Programming language:** JavaScript 
**Key features:**

- The ability to create native mobile applications for multiple platforms using a single codebase. 
- The use of a Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture separates the application's data, user interface, and logic into different components, making it easier to develop, test, and maintain the application.
- Appcelerator Titanium provides an IDE, code samples, and a large developer community for support and guidance.

**Qt**
Last but not least cross-platform app development framework is Qt, which allows developers to create native applications for desktop, mobile, and embedded systems. Qt was first released in 1995 and has since been used to create a wide range of applications, including graphical user interfaces (GUIs), multimedia applications, and games.
**Programming Language:** C++ 
**Key features:**

- Qt supports GUI development, providing GUI widgets and components that allow developers to create modern and responsive user interfaces.
- Qt also provides an integrated development environment (IDE), code samples, a large developer community, and a support for other technologies, including OpenGL, OpenCV, and WebKit.
- With a single code base and multiple libraries, developers can create apps that run on Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, and embedded systems.