What Happens When You Don't Provide Keys in ReactJS?
Tags: webdev, javascript, react, beginners
Published: 2023-04-24 17:36:17

You've probably heard about the importance of using keys when rendering a list of components when working with ReactJS. But have you ever thought about what happens if you don't provide keys? Let's go over the consequences of not using keys in ReactJS and how to avoid common pitfalls.

## What Are Keys in ReactJS?
To begin, Keys are a special attribute that assists React in determining which items in a list of components have changed, been added, or removed. React uses the key to keep track of each component's identity when rendering a list of components, and if the key is missing, React must search through the entire list to determine which component has changed.

## What Happens When You Don't Use Keys?
React will have to rely on other methods to determine which component has changed in the absence of keys. This can lead to performance issues and even unexpected bugs. 

Let's look at an example. Suppose we have a list of items that we want to render as a series of components. We can do this using the _map_ function:

```jsx
function ItemList({ items }) {
  return (
    <ul>
      {items.map(item => (
        <li>{item}</li>
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

```

In this example, we are rendering a list of _items_ as _li_ components. However, we have not provided any keys for these components. Let's see what happens when we add or remove an item:

```jsx
const items = ['Item 1', 'Item 2', 'Item 3'];

ReactDOM.render(<ItemList items={items} />, document.getElementById('root'));

// Add an item
items.push('Item 4');
ReactDOM.render(<ItemList items={items} />, document.getElementById('root'));

// Remove an item
items.pop();
ReactDOM.render(<ItemList items={items} />, document.getElementById('root'));
```

In this example, the `ItemList` component is rendered with an initial set of items. Then we add and remove items from the list. However, because no keys have been provided, React is forced to re-render the entire list on each change, even if only one item has been added or removed. It can lead to a poor user experience. When rendering a list of items and the wrong item is updated, the user may be confused or frustrated by the unexpected behavior.

To avoid this problem, always provide unique keys for components in dynamic lists. This can be accomplished by using a unique identifier, such as an ID or a timestamp.

## How to Avoid Common Pitfalls
To avoid these common pitfalls when rendering lists of components, ensure that each component in the list has a unique key. The key should ideally be a unique identifier for the component, such as a database or API response ID. If you don't have a unique identifier, you can use the array's index as a last resort.

```jsx
function ItemList(props) {
  return (
    <ul>
      {props.items.map((item, index) => (
        <li key={item.id || index}>{item.text}</li>
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}
```
In the above example, we're using the item's id attribute as the key and falling back to the index, if id is not present. This ensures that each item has a unique key and allows React to update the list efficiently when changes occur.

## Conclusion
Keys play an important part in rendering component lists in React. You can prevent typical issues like as duplicate keys, excessive re-rendering, and bad user experience by giving a unique key for each component. When rendering a list, always specify a key and utilise a unique identifier whenever possible.