The Pros and Cons of CSS Frameworks: A Comprehensive Review
Tags: css, frontend, webdev, beginners
Published: 2023-04-03 17:14:39

CSS frameworks have become increasingly popular in recent years as a way to streamline the front-end development process. However, like any tool, CSS frameworks have their advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we'll take a comprehensive look at the pros and cons of using CSS frameworks in web development.

-------------

## **Pros**


**1. Faster Development**
One of the primary benefits of using CSS frameworks is that they can significantly speed up the development process. CSS frameworks provide pre-built styles and components that can be easily customized to fit the specific needs of a website or application. This can save developers a lot of time and effort in writing and styling CSS from scratch.

Here's an example of how to use the Bootstrap CSS framework to create a responsive navigation bar:

```html
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
  <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">My Website</a>
  <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
  </button>
  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
    <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
      <li class="nav-item active">
        <a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
      </li>
      <li class="nav-item">
        <a class="nav-link" href="#">About</a>
      </li>
      <li class="nav-item">
        <a class="nav-link" href="#">Contact</a>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</nav>

```
In this example, we're using the Bootstrap CSS framework to create a responsive navigation bar with a toggle button for smaller screens. By using the pre-built classes provided by Bootstrap, we're able to create a professional-looking navigation bar quickly and easily.


----------------
**2. Consistency**

Another benefit of using CSS frameworks is that they provide a consistent look and feel across different pages and sections of a website or application. This can be especially important for larger websites and applications where maintaining consistency can be a challenge.

CSS frameworks provide a standardized set of styles and components that can be used throughout the website or application. This can ensure that everything looks and functions the same way, regardless of who is working on the project.

Here's an example of how to use the Bulma CSS framework to create a consistent layout:

```html
<div class="columns">
  <div class="column is-one-third">
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="column is-one-third">
    <p>Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="column is-one-third">
    <p>Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.</p>
  </div>
</div>

```

In this example, we're using the Bulma CSS framework to create a consistent layout with three columns. By using the pre-built classes provided by Bulma, we're able to create a consistent layout quickly and easily.

---------------------------

## **Cons**
<br>

**1. Bloated Code**

One of the main drawbacks of using CSS frameworks is that they can result in bloated code. CSS frameworks include a lot of pre-built styles and components, which can add unnecessary code to a website or application. This can slow down the website's loading time and negatively impact performance. Additionally, using pre-built components can limit the customization options available to developers. Here's 3 CSS frameworks that might cause this issue and lets discuss why.

1. Bootstrap 
2. Foundation
3. Materialize

While these CSS frameworks provide a wide range of pre-built styles and components, they can add a significant amount of unnecessary code to a website or application. 

_____________________

**1. BOOTSTRAP**
![Bootstrap](https://www.brcline.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/bootstrap-logo.png)

Let's say you want to create a simple "Sign up" form for your website. You could use Bootstrap's pre-built form classes to achieve this:

```html
<form>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputUsername">Username</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputUsername" placeholder="Enter username">
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputEmail">Email address</label>
    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail" placeholder="Enter email">
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputPassword">Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password">
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputConfirmPassword">Confirm Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputConfirmPassword" placeholder="Confirm Password">
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign up</button>
</form>

```

While this form looks great and is easy to create using Bootstrap's pre-built form classes, the resulting HTML code is quite long and includes a lot of unnecessary classes and divs. This can result in bloated code that takes longer to load and negatively impacts website performance.

In comparison, here's how the same "Sign up" form would look like with plain HTML and CSS:

```html
<form>
  <label for="username">Username:</label>
  <input type="text" id="username" name="username" placeholder="Enter username" required>
  <label for="email">Email address:</label>
  <input type="email" id="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter email" required>
  <label for="password">Password:</label>
  <input type="password" id="password" name="password" placeholder="Password" required>
  <label for="confirm-password">Confirm Password:</label>
  <input type="password" id="confirm-password" name="confirm-password" placeholder="Confirm Password" required>
  <button type="submit">Sign up</button>
</form>

```
This code is much shorter and doesn't include any unnecessary classes or divs. While it may not look as visually appealing as the Bootstrap version, it's more lightweight and faster to load.

This is just one example of how using Bootstrap can sometimes result in bloated code. It's important for developers to carefully consider the tradeoffs between convenience and performance when using CSS frameworks like Bootstrap.


**2. FOUNDATION**
![FoundationCSS](https://www.fullstackpython.com/img/logos/foundation.jpg)

Let's say you want to create a simple navigation menu for your website. You could use Foundation's pre-built navigation classes to achieve this:

```html

<nav class="top-bar">
  <div class="top-bar-left">
    <ul class="menu">
      <li class="menu-text">My Website</li>
    </ul>
  </div>
  <div class="top-bar-right">
    <ul class="menu">
      <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</nav>

```
While this navigation menu looks great and is easy to create using Foundation's pre-built navigation classes, the resulting HTML code is quite long and includes a lot of unnecessary classes and divs. This can result in bloated code that takes longer to load and negatively impacts website performance.

In comparison, here's how the same navigation menu would look like with plain HTML and CSS:

```html
<nav>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#">My Website</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>


```

This code is much shorter and doesn't include any unnecessary classes or divs. While it may not look as visually appealing as the Foundation version, it's more lightweight and faster to load.

This is just one example of how using Foundation can sometimes result in bloated code. It's important for developers to carefully consider the tradeoffs between convenience and performance when using CSS frameworks like Foundation.


**3. Materialize**
![Materialize CSS](https://www.arsys.es/blog/file/uploads/2019/01/diciembre-2018-materialize.jpg)

Let's say you want to create a simple card component for your website. You could use Materialize's pre-built card classes to achieve this:

```html
<div class="row">
  <div class="col s12 m6 l4">
    <div class="card">
      <div class="card-image">
        <img src="https://lorempixel.com/400/400" alt="Card Image">
      </div>
      <div class="card-content">
        <span class="card-title">Card Title</span>
        <p>Some text goes here...</p>
      </div>
      <div class="card-action">
        <a href="#">Learn More</a>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>


```

While this card component looks great and is easy to create using Materialize's pre-built card classes, the resulting HTML code is quite long and includes a lot of unnecessary classes and divs. This can result in bloated code that takes longer to load and negatively impacts website performance.

In comparison, here's how the same card component would look like with plain HTML and CSS:

```html
<div class="card">
  <img src="https://lorempixel.com/400/400" alt="Card Image">
  <div class="card-content">
    <h2>Card Title</h2>
    <p>Some text goes here...</p>
    <a href="#">Learn More</a>
  </div>
</div>


```

This code is much shorter and doesn't include any unnecessary classes or divs. While it may not look as visually appealing as the Materialize version, it's more lightweight and faster to load.

This is just one example of how using Materialize can sometimes result in bloated code. It's important for developers to carefully consider the tradeoffs between convenience and performance when using CSS frameworks like Materialize.


_________________

## The Bloat Pattern

Do you see the commonality between these frameworks? They all provide a large number of classes and divs that are used to achieve the desired styles and layouts. This can result in a significant amount of unnecessary code that can slow down website loading times and negatively impact performance.

In addition, because these frameworks provide a lot of pre-built styles and components, developers may be tempted to use them without fully understanding how they work. This can lead to the inclusion of unnecessary classes or styles that further contribute to bloated code.


**2. Learning Curve**

Another potential downside of using CSS frameworks is that there can be a learning curve involved in getting started. Each CSS framework has its own set of styles, components, and conventions that developers need to learn in order to use it effectively. This can take time and effort, especially for developers who are new to front-end development.

Additionally, CSS frameworks may not always align with a developer's preferred workflow or coding style. This can make it challenging to use the framework effectively, especially if the developer is used to writing custom CSS from scratch. 

**FINAL THOUGHTS:**
Despite this, there are still many benefits to using CSS frameworks. They can provide a consistent look and feel across a website, improve development speed, and ensure that designs are responsive and accessible on all devices. To minimize bloated code, developers should take care to use only the necessary styles and components provided by the framework, and avoid adding unnecessary classes or styles. It's also important to keep in mind that each framework has its own pros and cons, and to choose the one that best suits the needs of the project.