Day 7 Bootstrap 5 forms
Tags: bootstrap, tutorial
Published: 2022-10-11 05:17:37

## Form controls
Give textual form controls like `<input>`s and `<textarea>`s an upgrade with custom styles, sizing, focus states, and more.


**Basic example**
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/xtnbldoawiote7prkxuc.png)
```
<div class="mb-3">
  <label for="exampleFormControlInput1" class="form-label">Email address</label>
  <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlInput1" placeholder="name@example.com">
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
  <label for="exampleFormControlTextarea1" class="form-label">Example textarea</label>
  <textarea class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlTextarea1" rows="3"></textarea>
</div>
```

**Sizing **
Set heights using classes like `.form-control-lg` and `.form-control-sm`.
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/gilmoez0yo5om0njdvfs.png)
```
<input class="form-control form-control-lg" type="text" placeholder=".form-control-lg" aria-label=".form-control-lg example">
<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Default input" aria-label="default input example">
<input class="form-control form-control-sm" type="text" placeholder=".form-control-sm" aria-label=".form-control-sm example">
```

**Disabled**
Add the `disabled `boolean attribute on an input to give it a grayed out appearance, remove pointer events, and prevent focusing.
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/buea2tmjlx82tbk0bq12.png)
```
<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Disabled input" aria-label="Disabled input example" disabled>
<input class="form-control" type="text" value="Disabled readonly input" aria-label="Disabled input example" disabled readonly>
```

**Readonly plain text**
If you want to have `<input readonly>` elements in your form styled as plain text, replace `.form-control` with `.form-control-plaintext` to remove the default form field styling and preserve the correct `margin` and `padding`.
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/obv53tulvtumfsaoeenk.png)
```
<div class="mb-3 row">
    <label for="staticEmail" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="text" readonly class="form-control-plaintext" id="staticEmail" value="email@example.com">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="mb-3 row">
    <label for="inputPassword" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Password</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword">
    </div>
  </div>
```

**File input**
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/21tn7pnryvclwm3rc9n8.png)
```
<div class="mb-3">
  <label for="formFile" class="form-label">Default file input example</label>
  <input class="form-control" type="file" id="formFile">
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
  <label for="formFileMultiple" class="form-label">Multiple files input example</label>
  <input class="form-control" type="file" id="formFileMultiple" multiple>
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
  <label for="formFileDisabled" class="form-label">Disabled file input example</label>
  <input class="form-control" type="file" id="formFileDisabled" disabled>
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
  <label for="formFileSm" class="form-label">Small file input example</label>
  <input class="form-control form-control-sm" id="formFileSm" type="file">
</div>
<div>
  <label for="formFileLg" class="form-label">Large file input example</label>
  <input class="form-control form-control-lg" id="formFileLg" type="file">
</div>
```

## Select
Custom `<select>` menus need only a custom class, `.form-select` to trigger the custom styles. Custom styles are limited to the `<select>`’s initial appearance and cannot modify the `<option>`s due to browser limitations.
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/bvhiqsdi8ja1uk5tqb5i.png)
```
<select class="form-select" aria-label="Default select example">
  <option selected>Open this select menu</option>
  <option value="1">One</option>
  <option value="2">Two</option>
  <option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
```

**Sizing**
You may also choose from small and large custom selects to match our similarly sized text inputs.
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/r1r71pxlt3nzhqismlgj.png)
```
<select class="form-select form-select-lg mb-3" aria-label=".form-select-lg example">
  <option selected>Open this select menu</option>
  <option value="1">One</option>
  <option value="2">Two</option>
  <option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
<select class="form-select form-select-sm" aria-label=".form-select-sm example">
  <option selected>Open this select menu</option>
  <option value="1">One</option>
  <option value="2">Two</option>
  <option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
```
The `multiple` attribute is also supported:
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/fkz8t1juqauv90wcy86z.png)
```
<select class="form-select" multiple aria-label="multiple select example">
  <option selected>Open this select menu</option>
  <option value="1">One</option>
  <option value="2">Two</option>
  <option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
```

## Checks and radios
Browser default checkboxes and radios are replaced with the help of .form-check, a series of classes for both input types that improves the layout and behavior of their HTML elements, that provide greater customization and cross browser consistency. Checkboxes are for selecting one or several options in a list, while radios are for selecting one option from many.

**Checks** 
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/4kj4gumisnnls3xr5sxz.png)
```
<div class="form-check">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="flexCheckDefault">
  <label class="form-check-label" for="flexCheckDefault">
    Default checkbox
  </label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="flexCheckChecked" checked>
  <label class="form-check-label" for="flexCheckChecked">
    Checked checkbox
  </label>
</div>
```

**Indeterminate**
Checkboxes can utilize the `:indeterminate` pseudo class when manually set via JavaScript (there is no available HTML attribute for specifying it).
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/q28obf5buxybndbfg2vi.png)
```
<div class="form-check">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="flexCheckIndeterminate">
  <label class="form-check-label" for="flexCheckIndeterminate">
    Indeterminate checkbox
  </label>
</div>
```
**Radios **
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/81v8dy7hmezok4h7s7pc.png)
```
<div class="form-check">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="flexRadioDefault" id="flexRadioDefault1">
  <label class="form-check-label" for="flexRadioDefault1">
    Default radio
  </label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="flexRadioDefault" id="flexRadioDefault2" checked>
  <label class="form-check-label" for="flexRadioDefault2">
    Default checked radio
  </label>
</div>
```

**Switches **
A switch has the markup of a custom checkbox but uses the `.form-switch` class to render a toggle switch. Consider using `role="switch"` to more accurately convey the nature of the control to assistive technologies that support this role. In older assistive technologies, it will simply be announced as a regular checkbox as a fallback. Switches also support the `disabled` attribute.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/p8kgfg5uie4ptjy7jsn3.png)
```
<div class="form-check form-switch">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" id="flexSwitchCheckDefault">
  <label class="form-check-label" for="flexSwitchCheckDefault">Default switch checkbox input</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-switch">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" id="flexSwitchCheckChecked" checked>
  <label class="form-check-label" for="flexSwitchCheckChecked">Checked switch checkbox input</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-switch">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" id="flexSwitchCheckDisabled" disabled>
  <label class="form-check-label" for="flexSwitchCheckDisabled">Disabled switch checkbox input</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-switch">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" id="flexSwitchCheckCheckedDisabled" checked disabled>
  <label class="form-check-label" for="flexSwitchCheckCheckedDisabled">Disabled checked switch checkbox input</label>
</div>
```

**Reverse**
Put your checkboxes, radios, and switches on the opposite side with the `.form-check-reverse` modifier class.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/cvzfygc8sjrherw5o2rg.png)
```
<div class="form-check form-check-reverse">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="reverseCheck1">
  <label class="form-check-label" for="reverseCheck1">
    Reverse checkbox
  </label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-reverse">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="reverseCheck2" disabled>
  <label class="form-check-label" for="reverseCheck2">
    Disabled reverse checkbox
  </label>
</div>

<div class="form-check form-switch form-check-reverse">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="flexSwitchCheckReverse">
  <label class="form-check-label" for="flexSwitchCheckReverse">Reverse switch checkbox input</label>
</div>
```

## Range
Create custom `<input type="range">` controls with `.form-range`. The track (the background) and thumb (the value) are both styled to appear the same across browsers. As only Firefox supports “filling” their track from the left or right of the thumb as a means to visually indicate progress, we do not currently support it.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/1hv0gjjudvqqlbi8m9y8.png)
```
<label for="customRange1" class="form-label">Example range</label>
<input type="range" class="form-range" id="customRange1">
```
**Disabled **
Add the `disabled` boolean attribute on an input to give it a grayed out appearance, remove pointer events, and prevent focusing.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/gjost5otpft675a02qh4.png)
```
<label for="disabledRange" class="form-label">Disabled range</label>
<input type="range" class="form-range" id="disabledRange" disabled>
```
**Min and max**
Range inputs have implicit values for `min` and `max—0` and `100`, respectively. You may specify new values for those using the `min` and `max` attributes.
```
<label for="customRange2" class="form-label">Example range</label>
<input type="range" class="form-range" min="0" max="5" id="customRange2">
```
**Steps** 
By default, range inputs “snap” to integer values. To change this, you can specify a `step` value. In the example below, we double the number of steps by using `step="0.5"`.
```
<label for="customRange3" class="form-label">Example range</label>
<input type="range" class="form-range" min="0" max="5" step="0.5" id="customRange3">
```

## Input group
Place one add-on or button on either side of an input. You may also place one on both sides of an input. Remember to place `<label>`s outside the input group.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/bz6njcday2dqr8eyfa58.png)
```
<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <span class="input-group-text" id="basic-addon1">@</span>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" aria-label="Username" aria-describedby="basic-addon1">
</div>

<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Recipient's username" aria-label="Recipient's username" aria-describedby="basic-addon2">
  <span class="input-group-text" id="basic-addon2">@example.com</span>
</div>

<label for="basic-url" class="form-label">Your vanity URL</label>
<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <span class="input-group-text" id="basic-addon3">https://example.com/users/</span>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="basic-url" aria-describedby="basic-addon3">
</div>

<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <span class="input-group-text">$</span>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" aria-label="Amount (to the nearest dollar)">
  <span class="input-group-text">.00</span>
</div>

<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" aria-label="Username">
  <span class="input-group-text">@</span>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Server" aria-label="Server">
</div>

<div class="input-group">
  <span class="input-group-text">With textarea</span>
  <textarea class="form-control" aria-label="With textarea"></textarea>
</div>
```

**Sizing**
Add the relative form sizing classes to the `.input-group` itself and contents within will automatically resize—no need for repeating the form control size classes on each element.

Sizing on the individual input group elements isn’t supported.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/t2lg8ax6zliyog5fjdv0.png)
```
<div class="input-group input-group-sm mb-3">
  <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroup-sizing-sm">Small</span>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" aria-label="Sizing example input" aria-describedby="inputGroup-sizing-sm">
</div>

<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroup-sizing-default">Default</span>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" aria-label="Sizing example input" aria-describedby="inputGroup-sizing-default">
</div>

<div class="input-group input-group-lg">
  <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroup-sizing-lg">Large</span>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" aria-label="Sizing example input" aria-describedby="inputGroup-sizing-lg">
</div>
```

**Checkboxes and radios**
Place any checkbox or radio option within an input group’s addon instead of text. We recommend adding `.mt-0` to the `.form-check-input` when there’s no visible text next to the input.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/uygso18cqvihx4a3lxyc.png)
```
<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <div class="input-group-text">
    <input class="form-check-input mt-0" type="checkbox" value="" aria-label="Checkbox for following text input">
  </div>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" aria-label="Text input with checkbox">
</div>

<div class="input-group">
  <div class="input-group-text">
    <input class="form-check-input mt-0" type="radio" value="" aria-label="Radio button for following text input">
  </div>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" aria-label="Text input with radio button">
</div>
```

**Button addons**
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/f53f13105zjwe7pegz8c.png)
```
<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary" type="button" id="button-addon1">Button</button>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="" aria-label="Example text with button addon" aria-describedby="button-addon1">
</div>

<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Recipient's username" aria-label="Recipient's username" aria-describedby="button-addon2">
  <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary" type="button" id="button-addon2">Button</button>
</div>

<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary" type="button">Button</button>
  <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary" type="button">Button</button>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="" aria-label="Example text with two button addons">
</div>

<div class="input-group">
  <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Recipient's username" aria-label="Recipient's username with two button addons">
  <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary" type="button">Button</button>
  <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary" type="button">Button</button>
</div>
```

**Buttons with dropdowns**
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/x3dwfxpyq943cvdduv8v.png)
```
<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary dropdown-toggle" type="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown</button>
  <ul class="dropdown-menu">
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a></li>
    <li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Separated link</a></li>
  </ul>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" aria-label="Text input with dropdown button">
</div>

<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <input type="text" class="form-control" aria-label="Text input with dropdown button">
  <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary dropdown-toggle" type="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown</button>
  <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-end">
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a></li>
    <li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Separated link</a></li>
  </ul>
</div>

<div class="input-group">
  <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary dropdown-toggle" type="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown</button>
  <ul class="dropdown-menu">
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action before</a></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action before</a></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a></li>
    <li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Separated link</a></li>
  </ul>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" aria-label="Text input with 2 dropdown buttons">
  <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary dropdown-toggle" type="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown</button>
  <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-end">
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a></li>
    <li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Separated link</a></li>
  </ul>
</div>
```

**Custom file input**
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/zcz0md4izo2dt1mx6ea0.png)
```
<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <label class="input-group-text" for="inputGroupFile01">Upload</label>
  <input type="file" class="form-control" id="inputGroupFile01">
</div>

<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <input type="file" class="form-control" id="inputGroupFile02">
  <label class="input-group-text" for="inputGroupFile02">Upload</label>
</div>

<div class="input-group mb-3">
  <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary" type="button" id="inputGroupFileAddon03">Button</button>
  <input type="file" class="form-control" id="inputGroupFile03" aria-describedby="inputGroupFileAddon03" aria-label="Upload">
</div>

<div class="input-group">
  <input type="file" class="form-control" id="inputGroupFile04" aria-describedby="inputGroupFileAddon04" aria-label="Upload">
  <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary" type="button" id="inputGroupFileAddon04">Button</button>
</div>
```

**Horizontal form**
Create horizontal forms with the grid by adding the `.row` class to form groups and using the `.col-*-*` classes to specify the width of your labels and controls. Be sure to add `.col-form-label` to your `<label>`s as well so they’re vertically centered with their associated form controls.

At times, you maybe need to use margin or padding utilities to create that perfect alignment you need. For example, we’ve removed the `padding-top` on our stacked radio inputs label to better align the text baseline.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/3ab1q7czvarqi7sk6cgd.png)
```
<form>
  <div class="row mb-3">
    <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row mb-3">
    <label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Password</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3">
    </div>
  </div>
  <fieldset class="row mb-3">
    <legend class="col-form-label col-sm-2 pt-0">Radios</legend>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <div class="form-check">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios1" value="option1" checked>
        <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios1">
          First radio
        </label>
      </div>
      <div class="form-check">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios2" value="option2">
        <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios2">
          Second radio
        </label>
      </div>
      <div class="form-check disabled">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios3" value="option3" disabled>
        <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios3">
          Third disabled radio
        </label>
      </div>
    </div>
  </fieldset>
  <div class="row mb-3">
    <div class="col-sm-10 offset-sm-2">
      <div class="form-check">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="gridCheck1">
        <label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck1">
          Example checkbox
        </label>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign in</button>
</form>
```

**Inline forms**
Use the `.row-cols-*` classes to create responsive horizontal layouts. By adding gutter modifier classes, we’ll have gutters in horizontal and vertical directions. On narrow mobile viewports, the `.col-12` helps stack the form controls and more. The `.align-items-center` aligns the form elements to the middle, making the `.form-check` align properly.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/puy18gf4pztz9o4ja59c.png)
```
<form class="row row-cols-lg-auto g-3 align-items-center">
  <div class="col-12">
    <label class="visually-hidden" for="inlineFormInputGroupUsername">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group">
      <div class="input-group-text">@</div>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroupUsername" placeholder="Username">
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="col-12">
    <label class="visually-hidden" for="inlineFormSelectPref">Preference</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="inlineFormSelectPref">
      <option selected>Choose...</option>
      <option value="1">One</option>
      <option value="2">Two</option>
      <option value="3">Three</option>
    </select>
  </div>

  <div class="col-12">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineFormCheck">
      <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineFormCheck">
        Remember me
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="col-12">
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
  </div>
</form>
```