Scrum: A Comprehensive Overview
Tags: scrum, framework, project, management
Published: 2023-01-26 15:10:08

Scrum is a simple yet powerful framework (a set of rules) that many organizations widely use to help teams work collaboratively and more efficiently. It involves different roles, activities, and tools to ensure all members know what to do to complete a project.

Scrum is an iterative and incremental methodology that breaks down complex projects into smaller, more manageable pieces. It comprises specific roles, activities, and tools that help the project management team plan and manage projects with greater accuracy and efficiency.

Scrum’s structure consists of short sprints, during which developers focus on completing specific tasks within a given timeframe, providing a sense of accomplishment. Successful sprint completion leads to fulfillment and motivation for the next one. Additionally, developers are given autonomy and flexibility to decide how to complete their assigned tasks, giving them a sense of ownership over the project.

## Тhe Scrum process

The essential part of the Scrum framework is the Sprint. The Sprint is a time-boxed period in which the team works together to complete tasks. During the Sprint, the team works to meet the project’s goals and complete the tasks assigned by the Product Owner. The Sprint is composed of 4 essential activities (also called ceremonies):

Sprint Planning: The team plans the primary goal, the time frame, and the tasks that should be added to the Sprint.
Daily Scrums: The team meets daily to discuss progress and potential issues that may arise.

- **Sprint Review:** At the end of the Sprint, the team reviews the progress and makes changes or improvements to the project.
- **Sprint Retrospective:** The team reviews the process used during the Sprint and identifies what went well and what could be improved.

## Roles in Scrum

Scrum involves three leading roles:

- **The Product Owner (PO)** is responsible for defining the product vision, goals, and standards and establishing the tasks and their priority.
- **The Scrum Master **is responsible for coordinating the team and facilitating the Scrum procedures.
- **The Development Team** comprises all individuals responsible for developing and delivering the product (developers/designers/testers, etc.).

## Scrum Tools

There are 3 main tools (also called artifacts) that are essential for the Scrum process:

- **Product Backlog:** A list of all tasks that need to be completed. Anyone can add a task, but the PO is responsible for prioritizing and/or extending them.
- Sprint Backlog: A list of tasks that will be completed during a sprint and is defined during the sprint planning.
- **Burndown Chart:** A graphical representation of the progress (most Scrum-based management software generate this automatically).
- **Product increment:** A list of the deliverables that were achieved by completing the tasks during a sprint (usually represented by the approved merge requests).

## Benefits of using Scrum

Here are some of the main benefits of using Scrum:

- **Increased productivity and motivation:** Scrum encourages teams to focus on short, achievable goals and continuously track progress. Тthis allows teams to be more agile in their approach and have a smaller scope, which reduces their cognitive load.
- **Improved team collaboration and transparency:** The Scrum framework facilitates teams to openly communicate and collaborate, which helps to reduce any misunderstandings or surprises that may arise during the project.
- **Increased Adaptability:** The methodology allows teams to adjust to changes and adapt to new requirements quickly.
- **Improved customer satisfaction and product quality:** Because of frequent testing, feedback, and incremental improvement, the quality is quickly ramping up until it meets the customer’s expectations.

## Downsides of using Scrum

As the framework is based on a set of predefined rules and processes, teams may sometimes find it difficult to adapt to certain customer requirements or new technologies. Additionally, as it is impossible to predict the amount of work necessary for a given sprint, teams may find themselves under or over-allocating resources during project planning. Scrum is also not suitable for projects with large teams, as the complexity of coordinating such a large number of stakeholders can be too much for the Scrum framework to handle.

## Conclusion

Scrum is a popular agile methodology in software development because it promotes collaboration, fosters creativity, and encourages experimentation. With its focus on teamwork, innovation, and experimentation, Scrum encourages developers to push themselves further and strive for more significant accomplishments. The Scrum methodology provides an ideal environment to keep developers motivated and engaged in projects.

**Nikola Popov — Laravel Dev & Project manager at [Lexis Solutions](https://www.lexis.solutions/)**