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| logical_fallacies
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edu | To my knowledge, there are no studies supporting this approach. Therefore, I see no reason to change our routine. | intentional |
edu | Billy - "Spanish is easy." Bobby - "Don't listen to Billy; he failed Spanish class last year. " | ad hominem |
edu | All dogs go to heaven. | faulty generalization |
edu | Becky: I think capital punishment is a necessary component of our justice system and should remain legal.
Alex: So you are saying that murder should be legal and it is okay for us to go around killing people just because we think they deserve it? That isn't right.
Of what fallacy is Alex guilty? | fallacy of extension |
edu | If Joe robbed a bank then he has a million dollars. Joe has a million dollars, so Joe robbed a bank. | fallacy of logic |
edu | James' mom is concerned when she finds out that he skipped class one day. She tells him that she is concerned that since he skipped one class, he will start skipping more frequently. Then he will drop out altogether, never graduate or get into college, and end up unemployed and living at home for the rest of his life. What type of fallacy has James' mom committed? | faulty generalization |
edu | "You can never give anyone a break. If you do, they'll walk all over you." | faulty generalization |
edu | If we allow students to have cell phones, it will lead to chaos in the classroom. If we have chaos in the classroom, the students will fail to learn. If they fail to learn, their lives will be ruined forever! | faulty generalization |
edu | Noisy children are a real headache. Two aspirin will make a headache go away. Therefore, two aspirin will make noisy children go away. | equivocation |
edu | It’s true that this company hasn’t given raises in the last 5 years, but we work really hard to ensure that we have a quality product and good customer service. | fallacy of relevance |
edu | "Finish your dinner. There are starving children in Africa." is an example of | fallacy of relevance |
edu | You say that we have exaggerated the problem with global warming, but have you even considered how much more the homeless suffer when temperatures soar? | fallacy of relevance |
edu | My opponent raises a good point, but can we really trust him? I mean he moved to this town only two years ago and everyone knows that his wife left him. | ad hominem |
edu | MeowMeowTweet is American-made skincare. I used it, and it gave me zits. American-made skincare gives people acne. | faulty generalization |
edu | Marie notices that many of her friends have started eating a low-carb diet and drinking protein shakes. Marie decides that this must be the healthy way to eat, so she joins them. | ad populum |
edu | My first time walking the dog went terribly, so my dog is a terrible one. | faulty generalization |
edu | It must be acknowledged that [whatever psychological test battery I use] is the only legitimate test battery. | circular reasoning |
edu | "If a black cat crosses your path you will have bad luck." | false causality |
edu | "She is the best candidate for president because she is better than the other candidates!" | circular reasoning |
edu | Trans fats are as bad as biological weapons. | fallacy of relevance |
edu | Only a mentally ill person would kill someone, so anyone who kills someone is automatically mentally ill. | circular reasoning |
edu | I thought you cared about other people, but I didn't see you at the fundraiser for the Children's Hospital ... | false dilemma |
edu | Power lines cause cancer. I met a little boy with cancer who lived just 20 miles from a power line who looked into my eyes and said, in his weak voice, “Please do whatever you can so that other kids won’t have to go through what I am going through.” | appeal to emotion |
edu | You smoke pot? If you keep doing that, you’ll be a heroin addict within two years. | faulty generalization |
edu | Saying that men don't ever ask for directions | faulty generalization |
edu | Just give me a chance to prove it to you. I can’t live this life if you will leave me. My world will stop to turn around. I will not be able to eat nor drink. | appeal to emotion |
edu | All cats are animals.
Some pets are cats.
Therefore, some pets are not animals. | fallacy of logic |
edu | I am going into surgery tomorrow so please pray for me. If enough people pray for me, God will protect me from harm and see to it that I have a successful surgery and speedy recovery. | appeal to emotion |
edu | Water fluoridation affects the brain. Citywide, student’s test scores began to drop five months after fluoridation began. The water fluoridation must have caused the student's test scores to drop. | false causality |
edu | Billy - "An apple is a vegetable."
Bobby - "Don't listen to Billy; he failed Spanish class last year. " | ad hominem |
edu | "I believe that PNoy is the Abraham Lincoln of the Philippines." | fallacy of logic |
edu | What’s the point of living? We’re all going to die anyway. | intentional |
edu | Covid-19 is like 10 people doing arts and crafts together and one of them is working with glitter. How many art projects in the group get glitter on them? | fallacy of logic |
edu | "Andrea Dworkin has written several books arguing that the media harms women when it comes to body image. But Dworkin is an ugly, bitter person, so you shouldn't listen to her." | ad hominem |
edu | You must obey the law, because it’s illegal to break the law. | circular reasoning |
edu | I've only read a couple pages of this book, and I've already found a typo. There's no way I'm reading the rest of this garbage. | faulty generalization |
edu | She asserts that we need more military spending, but that is false, since she is only saying it because she is a Republican. | ad hominem |
edu | The book Investing for Dummies really helped me understand my finances better. The book Chess for Dummies was written by the same author, was published by the same press, and costs about the same amount, so it would probably help me understand my finances as well. | fallacy of logic |
edu | Do you support freedom and the right to bear arms ? | intentional |
edu | Without this additional insurance, you could find yourself broke and homeless. | appeal to emotion |
edu | Bill and Jill are arguing about cleaning out their closets:
Jill: "We should clean out the closets. They are getting a bit messy."
Bill: "Why, we just went through those closets last year. Do we have to clean them out everyday?"
Jill: "I never said anything about cleaning them out every day. You just want too keep all your junk forever, which is just ridiculous." | fallacy of extension |
edu | "I will end this war in Iraq responsibly, and finish the fight against al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan. I will rebuild our military to meet future conflicts. But I will also renew the tough, direct diplomacy that can prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons and curb Russian aggression. I will build new partnerships to defeat the threats of the 21st century: terrorism and nuclear proliferation; poverty and genocide; climate change and disease. And I will restore our moral standing, so that America is once again that last, best hope for all who are called to the cause of freedom, who long for lives of peace, and who yearn for a better future." Which appeal is the primary appeal used in this quote? | fallacy of credibility |
edu | Senator Lewis says we should not fund the missile attack program. I disagree. I don't know why she wants to leave us defenseless like that. | fallacy of extension |
edu | He can't be a great athlete; he didn't adopt the stray dog on the street. | ad hominem |
edu | Kevin's grandparents do not know how to use a computer. Kevin thinks that all older people must be computer illiterate. | faulty generalization |
edu | I'm not surprised, frankly, that someone who gets lost in his own neighborhood would argue that New York has better pizza than Chicago. | ad hominem |
edu | The number of off-leash dogs I've seen in Livingston is completely unacceptable. Let's make our streets safe again by addressing this dog problem, before our city becomes a haven for criminals. | fallacy of relevance |
edu | The reason everyone wants the new "Slap Me Silly Elmo" doll is because this is the hottest toy of the season! | circular reasoning |
edu | An increasing number of people are keeping ferrets as pets, so they must make wonderful companion animals. | ad populum |
edu | Miller Lite is cheap beer, so the Guinness will be cheap, too | faulty generalization |
edu | His house is about half the size of most houses in the neighborhood. Therefore, his doors must all be about 3 1/2 feet high. | faulty generalization |
edu | Ten years ago I got a 170 on the LSAT, so I expect to get the same score again. | faulty generalization |
edu | My opponent is a card-carrying member of the K.K.K. | faulty generalization |
edu | 1. “Michael Jordan wore his UNC shorts during every game he played in the NBA and he won 6 championships.” | false causality |
edu | The shopping is a red herring, since the original issue was
video games.
| fallacy of relevance |
edu | Bert: I've been learning about the Second World War lately. I found that America provoked Japan into attacking Pearl Harbor. I don't think that was the right thing to do.
Jenny: Oh, so you are now taking the side of Axis? Do you think Germany and Japan were right to do what they did? | fallacy of extension |
edu | I would have done my homework, but my refrigerator stopped working. | fallacy of logic |
edu | I ate Oreos, and then I was sick the next day. It must have been the Oreos that caused my sickness. | false causality |
edu | Cari says that we need a major overhaul in education. Cari gets a speeding ticket every other week, so maybe she should learn how to drive instead of worrying about schools. | ad hominem |
edu | "I drank bottled water and now I am sick, so the water must have made me sick."
What logical fallacy is used in the statement above? | false causality |
edu | Why doesn't Tim get a real job like normal people instead of trying to launch that Internet business from home? | fallacy of credibility |
edu | Every time I go to sleep, the sun goes down. Therefore, my going to sleep causes the sun to set. | false causality |
edu | "It rained and then we lost the game. Every time it rains, we're going to lose." | false causality |
edu | Sandra is an angel from heaven. She gave me a free lunch today. | fallacy of logic |
edu | This guy in my class with glasses always talks in class so all guys with glasses are talkative. | faulty generalization |
edu | “Harold’s new book is well-written because Harold is a wonderful writer.” | circular reasoning |
edu | "You should never break traffic laws."
"Who are you to speak? You've gotten over fifteen speeding tickets!" What is this? | ad hominem |
edu | We shouldn't let teenagers keep their phones just because they're upset at losing them; most babies cry when you take their toys away too. | fallacy of logic |
edu | Ted: Biological evolution is both a theory and a fact.
Edwin: That is ridiculous! How can you possibly be absolutely certain that we evolved from pond scum!
Ted: Actually, that is a gross misrepresentation of my assertion. I never claimed we evolved from pond scum. Unlike math and logic, science is based on empirical evidence and, therefore, a scientific fact is something that is confirmed to such a degree that it would be perverse to withhold provisional consent. The empirical evidence for the fact that biological evolution does occur falls into this category.
| fallacy of extension |
edu | There was a fight at school today. Violence is a growing problem in school. | faulty generalization |
edu | You think labor unions are good? You know who else liked labor unions? Karl Marx, that’s who. | ad hominem |
edu | It is possible aliens built the pyramids. Therefore, aliens built the pyramids. | fallacy of logic |
edu | The picture on Jim's old TV set goes out of focus. Jim goes over and strikes the TV soundly on the side and the picture goes back into focus. Jim tells his friend that hitting the TV fixed it. | false causality |
edu | This coin has landed heads-up nine times in a row. So it will probably land tails-up next time it is tossed. | false causality |
edu | argues that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false | intentional |
edu | I guess I should buy my 14 year old a new iPhone since everyone at her school has one. | ad populum |
edu | Siblings Dan and Joe had a serious argument, and Dan told Joe that he hated him and wished that he would get hit by a car. Two days later, Dan was told that Joe had been struck by a car. Dan blamed himself and thought that if he hadn’t made the comment during their fight, Joe would not have been hit. | false causality |
edu | Photo shows flying saucer | fallacy of logic |
edu | Students are poor writers because they watch too much TV | false causality |
edu | If we let your brother stay, we’ll have to let your whole family stay. | faulty generalization |
edu | Justifies a claim because a large group favors it | ad populum |
edu | Which type of logical fallacy is used when a writer incorrectly states that one event has caused another? | false causality |
edu | Politician: Taxes are too hard to understand. The government must be tricking us and taking our money. We need to simplify our taxes! | intentional |
edu | JOHN F. KENNEDY: I'm not satisfied when the United States had last year the lowest rate of economic growth of any major industrialized society in the world… (from opening statement)
RICHARD NIXON: We heard tonight, for example, the statement made that our growth in national product last year was the lowest of any industrial nation in the world. Now last year, of course, was 1958. That happened to be a recession year. But when we look at the growth of G.N.P. this year, a year of recovery, we find that it's six and nine-tenths per cent and one of the highest in the world today… (from opening statement)
September 26, 1960
Chicago, Illinois
What logical fallacy does Kennedy use? | faulty generalization |
edu | Within every man's heart is the desire to be free. | faulty generalization |
edu | Filthy and polluting coal should be banned. | circular reasoning |
edu | Don't let your children stay up till midnight on New Year's Eve. Before you know it, they'll be demanding to stay up till midnight every night. | faulty generalization |
edu | "Officer, I was only driving as fast as everyone around me. I'm sure I wasn't speeding." | ad populum |
edu | "If you hadn't vandalized that car, don't you think things would have gone better for you?" | intentional |
edu | Most people think the world is flat, therefore it is flat. | ad populum |
edu | Quinoa is a delicious, plant-based source of protein because it tastes so darn good. | circular reasoning |
edu | We know he’s not lying since he says he’s telling the truth. | circular reasoning |
edu | Because 90% of college students polled had no debt, education costs are not a problem. | intentional |
edu | Joe and Sam are at the race track betting on horses. Joe: "You see that horse over there? He lost his last four races. I'm going to bet on him."
Sam: "Why? I think he will probably lose."
Joe: "No way, Sam. I looked up the horse's stats and he has won half his races in the past two years. Since he has lost three of his last four races, he'll have to win this race. So I'm betting the farm on him."
Sam: "Are you sure?"
Joe: "Of course I'm sure. That pony is due, man...he's due!" | ad populum |
edu | The priest told me I should have faith.
I have faith that my son will do well in school this year.
Therefore, the priest should be happy with me. | equivocation |
edu | Teacher: If I let you go to the bathroom pretty soon everybody will want to go to the bathroom. | faulty generalization |
edu | Medical Student: "No one objects to a physician looking up a difficult case in medical books. Why, then, shouldn't students taking a difficult examination be permitted to use their textbooks?" | fallacy of logic |
edu | "If you give a mouse a cookie, he'll want a glass of milk to go with it" is a book built around THIS fallacy. | faulty generalization |
edu | "She teaches engineering, and she said that the proposed bridge was a waste of money. I can't believe she hates our city so much." | fallacy of extension |
edu | The majority of people believe advertisers should spend more money on billboards, so billboards are objectively the best form of advertisement. | ad populum |