sonny-dev/inters-qdu huggingface dataset:
Query: The New Jersey Turnpike has lanes.

Relevant passages:
New Jersey Turnpike <=SEP=> The New Jersey Turnpike ( NJTP ) , colloquially known to New Jerseyans as `` the Turnpike '' , is a toll road in New Jersey , maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . According to the International Bridge , Tunnel and Turnpike Association , the Turnpike is the nation 's sixth-busiest toll road and is one of the most heavily traveled highways in the United States . Having a total length of 122.40 mi , the Turnpike 's southern terminus begins at Interstate 295 ( I-295 ) near the border of Pennsville and Carneys Point Townships in Salem County , one mile east of the Delaware Memorial Bridge . Its northern terminus is located at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee , Bergen County . The Turnpike is a major thoroughfare providing access to various localities in New Jersey , as well as Delaware , Pennsylvania , and New York . The route divides into four roadways between exit 6 and exit 14 , with the inner lanes restricted to carrying only cars , and with the outer lanes for cars , trucks and buses .   The northern part of the mainline turnpike , along with the entirety of its extensions and spurs , is part of the Interstate Highway System , designated as I-95 between exit 6 and its northern end . South of exit 6 , it has the unsigned Route 700 designation . There are two extensions and two spurs , including the Newark Bay Extension at exit 14 , which carries I-78 ; the Pennsylvania Turnpike Extension ( officially the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension ) at exit 6 ; and the Eastern Spur and the Western Spur at the turnpike 's northernmost end . Construction of the mainline from conceptualization to completion took 23 months , from 1950 to 1952 . It was officially opened to traffic in November 1951 , between its southern terminus and exit 10 .   The Turnpike has 12 ft lanes , 10 ft shoulders , 13 rest areas named after notable residents of New Jersey , and unusual exit signage that was considered the pinnacle of highway building in the 1950s . The Interstate Highway System took some of its design guidelines by copying the Turnpike 's design guidelines . To some degree , the Turnpike is considered iconic in pop culture , having been referenced in music , film and television .
Query: The Tenth Doctor spends time traveling alone.

Relevant passages:
Tenth Doctor <=SEP=> The Tenth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who , who is played by David Tennant in three series as well as nine specials . As with previous incarnations of the Doctor , the character has also appeared in other Doctor Who spin-offs . In the programme 's narrative , the Doctor is a centuries-old Time Lord alien from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time in his TARDIS , frequently with companions . When the Doctor is critically injured beyond medical repair , he can regenerate his body ; in doing so , his physical appearance and personality change , and a new actor assumes the role . Tennant 's portrayal of the Doctor is of an outwardly charismatic and charming adventurer whose likable and easygoing attitude can quickly turn to righteous fury when provoked .   This incarnation 's companions include working class shop assistant Rose Tyler ( Billie Piper ) , medical student Martha Jones ( Freema Agyeman ) , and fiery temp worker Donna Noble ( Catherine Tate ) . He eventually parts ways with them all by the end of the 2008 series finale , `` Journey 's End '' , after which he attempts to travel alone for the duration of the 2008 -- 2010 specials before being accompanied by Donna Noble 's grandfather Wilfred Mott on his final adventure in The End of Time .   In November 2013 , Tennant 's Doctor was voted `` The UK 's favourite Doctor '' in a survey held by the Radio Times magazine .
Query: Timur styled himself a ghazi.

Relevant passages:
Timur <=SEP=> Timur ( تیمور Temūr , Chagatai : Temür , 9 April 1336 -- 18 February 1405 ) , historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane ( تيمور لنگ Temūr ( - i ) Lang , `` Timur the Lame '' ) , was a Turco-Mongol conqueror . As the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia he became the first ruler in the Timurid dynasty .   Born into the Barlas confederation in Transoxiana on 9 April 1336 , Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370 . From that base he led military campaigns across Western , South and Central Asia , the Caucasus and southern Russia , and emerged as the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world after defeating the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria , the emerging Ottoman Empire , and the declining Delhi Sultanate . From these conquests he founded the Timurid Empire , but this empire fragmented shortly after his death .   Timur is considered the last of the great nomadic conquerors of the Eurasian Steppe , and his empire set the stage for the rise of the more structured and lasting Gunpowder Empires in the 1500s and 1600s . According to John Joseph Saunders , Timur 's background was Iranized and not steppe nomad .   Timur envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan ( died 1227 ) . `` In his formal correspondence Temur continued throughout his life to portray himself as the restorer of Chinggisid rights . He justified his Iranian , Mamluk , and Ottoman campaigns as a re-imposition of legitimate Mongol control over lands taken by usurpers . To legitimize his conquests , Timur relied on Islamic symbols and language , referred to himself as the `` Sword of Islam '' , and patronized educational and religious institutions . He converted nearly all the Borjigin leaders to Islam during his lifetime .  `` Temur , a non-Chinggisid , tried to build a double legitimacy based on his role as both guardian and restorer of the Mongol Empire . ''  Timur also decisively defeated the Christian Knights Hospitaller at the Siege of Smyrna , styling himself a ghazi . By the end of his reign , Timur had gained complete control over all the remnants of the Chagatai Khanate , the Ilkhanate , and the Golden Horde , and even attempted to restore the Yuan dynasty in China .   Timur 's armies were inclusively multi-ethnic and were feared throughout Asia , Africa , and Europe , sizable parts of which his campaigns laid to waste . Scholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people , amounting to about 5 % of the world population at the time .   He was the grandfather of the renowned Timurid sultan , astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg , who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449 , and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur ( 1483-1530 ) , founder of the Mughal Empire , which ruled parts of South Asia for over three centuries , from 1526 until 1857 .  Timur is also recognized as a great patron of art and architecture , as he interacted with Muslim intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun and Hafiz-i Abru .
Query: Heath Ledger won an award posthumously.

Relevant passages:
Heath Ledger <=SEP=> Heathcliff Andrew Ledger ( 4 April 197922 January 2008 ) was an Australian actor and director . After performing roles in several Australian television and film productions during the 1990s , Ledger left for the United States in 1998 to develop his film career . His work comprised nineteen films , including 10 Things I Hate About You ( 1999 ) , The Patriot ( 2000 ) , A Knight 's Tale ( 2001 ) , Monster 's Ball ( 2001 ) , Lords of Dogtown ( 2005 ) , Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ) , The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) , and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , the latter two being posthumous releases . He also produced and directed music videos and aspired to be a film director .   For his portrayal of Ennis Del Mar in Brokeback Mountain , Ledger won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and Best International Actor from the Australian Film Institute , and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Posthumously he shared the 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with the rest of the ensemble cast , the director , and the casting director for the film I 'm Not There , which was inspired by the life and songs of American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan . In the film , Ledger portrayed a fictional actor named Robbie Clark , one of six characters embodying aspects of Dylan 's life and persona .   Ledger died on 22 January 2008 from an accidental intoxication from prescription drugs . A few months before his death , Ledger had finished filming his performance as the Joker in The Dark Knight . His death occurred during editing of The Dark Knight and in the midst of filming his last role as Tony in The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus . His untimely death cast a shadow over the subsequent promotion of the $ 185 million Batman production . Ledger received numerous posthumous accolades for his critically acclaimed performance in the film , including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , a Best Actor International Award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards ( for which he became the first actor to win an award posthumously ) , the 2008 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor , the 2009 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture , and the 2009 BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor .
Query: The Romani people have moved to Canada among other destinations.

Relevant passages:
Romani people <=SEP=> The Romani ( also spelled Romany ; -LSB- ˈroʊməni -RSB- , -LSB- ˈrɒ - -RSB- ) , or Roma , are a traditionally nomadic ethnic group , living mostly in Europe and the Americas and originating from the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent ,   apparently from the region that is currently occupied by the Indian states of Rajasthan , Haryana , and Punjab .   The Romani are widely known among English-speaking people by the exonym `` Gypsies '' ( or `` Gipsies '' ) , which some people consider pejorative due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity .  They are a dispersed people , but their most concentrated populations are located in Europe , especially Central , Eastern and Southern Europe ( including Turkey , Spain and Southern France ) . The Romani originated in Northern India and arrived in Mid-West Asia , and Europe soon thereafter , around 1,000 years ago ,  either separating from the Dom people or , at least , having a similar history . Specifically , the ancestors of both the Romani and the Dom left North India sometime between the sixth and eleventh century .   Since the 19th century , some Romani have also migrated to the Americas . There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States ; and 800,000 in Brazil , most of whose ancestors emigrated in the nineteenth century from eastern Europe . Brazil also includes some Romani descended from people deported by the government of Portugal during the Inquisition in the colonial era . In migrations since the late nineteenth century , Romani have also moved to other countries in South America and to Canada .   In February 2016 , during the International Roma Conference , the Indian Minister of External Affairs stated that the people of the Roma community were children of India . The conference ended with a recommendation to the Government of India to recognize the Roma community spread across 30 countries as a part of the Indian diaspora .   The Romani language is divided into several dialects , which add up to an estimated number of speakers larger than two million . The total number of Romani people is at least twice as large ( several times as large according to high estimates ) . Many Romani are native speakers of the language current in their country of residence , or of mixed languages combining the two ; those varieties are sometimes called Para-Romani .
Query: Species distribution can be understood only through speciation.

Relevant passages:
Species distribution <=SEP=> Species distribution is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged . Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal , which is the movement of individuals away from their area of origin or from centers of high on density . A similar concept is the species range . A species range is often represented with a species range map . Biogeographers try to understand the factors determining a species ' distribution . The pattern of distribution is not permanent for each species . Distribution patterns can change seasonally , in response to the availability of resources , and also depending on the scale at which they are viewed . Dispersion usually takes place at the time of reproduction . Populations within a species are translocated through many methods , including dispersal by people , wind , water and animals . Humans are one of the largest distributors due to the current trends in globalization and the expanse of the transportation industry . For example , large tankers often fill their ballasts with water at one port and empty them in another , causing a wider distribution of aquatic species .   Biogeography is the study of the distribution of biodiversity over space and time . It is very useful in understanding species distribution through factors such as speciation , extinction , continental drift , glaciation , variation of sea levels , river capture and available resources . This branch of study not only gives a description of the species distribution , but also a geographical explanation for the distribution of particular species . The traditional biogeographic regions were first modeled by Alfred Wallace in The Geographical Distribution of Animals ( 1876 ) . These were based on the work of Sclater 's terrestrial biogeographic regions . Wallace 's system was based on both birds and vertebrates , including non-flying mammals , which better reflect the natural divisions of the Earth due to their limited dispersal abilities .
Query: Two and a Half Men originally aired on FOX.

Relevant passages:
Two and a Half Men <=SEP=> Two and a Half Men is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS for twelve seasons from September 22 , 2003 to February 19 , 2015 . Originally starring Charlie Sheen , Jon Cryer , and Angus T. Jones , the series was about a hedonistic jingle writer , Charlie Harper ; his uptight brother Alan ; and Alan 's troublesome son Jake . After Alan divorces , he moves with his son to share Charlie 's beachfront Malibu house and complicates Charlie 's freewheeling life .   In 2010 , CBS and Warner Bros. . Television reached a multiyear broadcasting agreement for the series , renewing it through at least the 2011 -- 12 season . In February 2011 , however , CBS and Warner Bros. decided to end production for the rest of the eighth season after Sheen entered drug rehabilitation and made `` disparaging comments '' about the series ' creator and executive producer Chuck Lorre . Sheen 's contract was terminated the following month and he was confirmed not to be returning to the series . Ashton Kutcher was hired to replace him the following season as Walden Schmidt , a billionaire who buys Charlie 's house after his death .   In April 2013 , CBS renewed the series for an eleventh season after closing one-year deals with Kutcher and Cryer . Jones , who was attending college , was relegated to recurring status for season 11 , but never made an appearance until the series finale . He was replaced by Jenny ( Amber Tamblyn ) , Charlie 's previously unknown daughter . In March 2014 , CBS renewed the series for a twelfth season , which was later announced to be the series ' last . The season began airing in October 2014 and concluded in February 2015 with the 40-minute series finale `` Of Course He 's Dead '' . The success of the series led to it being the fourth-highest revenue-generating program for 2012 , earning $ 3.24 million an episode .
Query: Physics is a discipline.

Relevant passages:
Physics <=SEP=> Physics ( from -LSB- φυσική , phusikḗ ( epistḗmē ) , knowledge of nature -RSB- , from φύσις phúsis `` nature '' ) is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion and behavior through space and time , along with related concepts such as energy and force . One of the most fundamental scientific disciplines , the main goal of physics is to understand how the universe behaves .   Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines , perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy . Over the last two millennia , physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry , biology , and certain branches of mathematics , but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century , the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right . Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research , such as biophysics and quantum chemistry , and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined . New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy .   Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs . For example , advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society , such as television , computers , domestic appliances , and nuclear weapons ; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization , and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus .   The United Nations named 2005 the World Year of Physics .
Query: Ang Lee was born October 2, 1954.

Relevant passages:
Ang Lee <=SEP=> Ang Lee OBS ( ; born October 23 , 1954 ) is a Taiwanese film director , screenwriter and producer .   Lee 's earlier films , such as The Wedding Banquet , Pushing Hands , and Eat Drink Man Woman explored the relationships and conflicts between tradition and modernity , Eastern and Western . Lee also deals with repressed , hidden emotions in many of his films , including Crouching Tiger , Hidden Dragon ; The Ice Storm ; Hulk ; and Brokeback Mountain . Lee 's work is known for its emotional charge , which critics believe is responsible for his success in offsetting cultural barriers and achieving international recognition .
Query: James, Viscount Severn is the only son of Prince Edward and Sophie, Countess of Wessex.

Relevant passages:
James, Viscount Severn <=SEP=> James , Viscount Severn ( James Alexander Philip Theo Mountbatten-Windsor ; born 17 December 2007 ) is the younger child and only son of Prince Edward , Earl of Wessex , and Sophie , Countess of Wessex , and the youngest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh . He is tenth in line to succeed his grandmother .
Query: Issa Rae features various content created by people of color and has had success.

Relevant passages:
Issa Rae <=SEP=> Jo-Issa `` Issa '' Rae Diop ( born January 12 , 1985 ) is an American actress , writer , director , producer and web series creator . She is best known as the creator of the YouTube web series Awkward Black Girl . Since the premiere of Awkward Black Girl , Rae has developed her own YouTube platform where she features various content created by people of color . Rae 's shows have garnered over 20 million views and over 260,000 subscribers on YouTube .   As of 2017 , Rae is the creator , co-writer and star of the HBO series Insecure , which is partially based on Awkward Black Girl . ''
Query: Carey Hayes died in April of 1961.

Relevant passages:
Carey Hayes <=SEP=> Carey Hayes ( born April 21 , 1961 in Portland , Oregon ) is an American screenwriter and producer . He is the twin brother of Chad Hayes . They are partners in the business and have written most of their work together . The two also appeared in Doublemint Gum commercials in their early years of acting in the 1980s .   He has written episodes of Baywatch and Baywatch Nights and has written and co-produced the TV show The Crow : Stairway to Heaven .
Query: Edouard Seguin worked with children with heart issues.

Relevant passages:
Édouard Séguin <=SEP=> Édouard Séguin (January 20, 1812 – October 28, 1880) was a French physician and educationist born in Clamecy, Nièvre. He is remembered for his work with children having cognitive impairments in France and the United States.
Query: Warren Beatty married Trevor Griffiths.

Relevant passages:
Warren Beatty <=SEP=> Henry Warren Beatty ( née Beaty ; born March 30 , 1937 ) , better known as Warren Beatty , is an American actor and filmmaker . He has been nominated for fourteen Academy Awards -- four for Best Actor , four for Best Picture , two for Best Director , three for Original Screenplay , and one for Adapted Screenplay -- winning Best Director for Reds ( 1981 ) . Beatty is the first and only person to have been twice nominated for acting in , directing , writing , and producing the same film -- first with Heaven Can Wait ( 1978 ) , which was co-written by Elaine May and co-directed by Buck Henry , and again with Reds , which he co-wrote with Trevor Griffiths .   In 1999 , he was awarded the Academy 's highest honor , the Irving G. Thalberg Award . Beatty has been nominated for eighteen Golden Globe Awards , winning six , including the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award , which he was honored with in 2007 . Among his Golden Globe-nominated films are Splendor in the Grass ( 1961 ) , his screen debut , and Bonnie and Clyde ( 1967 ) , Shampoo ( 1975 ) , Dick Tracy ( 1990 ) , Bugsy ( 1991 ) , Bulworth ( 1998 ) and Rules Do n't Apply ( 2016 ) , all of which he also produced .   Arthur Penn , who directed Bonnie and Clyde , described Beatty as `` the perfect producer '' , adding , `` He makes everyone demand the best of themselves . Warren stays with a picture through editing , mixing and scoring . He plain works harder than anyone else I have ever seen . ''
Query: Pearl (Steven Universe) exists as a magical gemstone.

Relevant passages:
Pearl (Steven Universe) <=SEP=> Pearl is a fictional character from the 2013 animated series Steven Universe , created by Rebecca Sugar . She is a `` Gem '' , a fictional alien being that exists as a magical gemstone projecting a holographic body .   She is portrayed as a loving , gentle and delicate character , who acts as a motherly figure for Steven . However , she also tends to be overprotective with him and has low self-esteem ; she is also deeply overwhelmed with the grief caused by the loss of Steven 's mother , Rose Quartz , who she was in love with .   She is frequently praised for being a positive depiction of a queer character , though her strong obsession with Rose has been described as `` unhealthy '' .