Query: Temple Mount has nothing to do with an Abrahamic religion.

Relevant passages:
Christianity <=SEP=> ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός , Khristós ( Latinized as Christus ) , translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ , Māšîăḥ , meaning `` the anointed one '' , with the Latin suffixes - ian and - itas . is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ , who serves as the focal point for the religion . It is the world 's largest religion , with over 2.4 billion followers , or 33 % of the global population , known as Christians . Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah ( the Christ ) was prophesied in the Old Testament .   Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles ' Creed and Nicene Creed . These professions of faith state that Jesus suffered , died , was buried , descended into hell , and rose from the dead , in order to grant eternal life to those who believe in him and trust in him for the remission of their sins . The creeds further maintain that Jesus bodily ascended into heaven , where he reigns with God the Father in the unity of the Holy Spirit , and that he will return to judge the living and the dead and grant eternal life to his followers . His incarnation , earthly ministry , crucifixion and resurrection are often referred to as `` the gospel '' , meaning `` good news '' . `` Good news '' is a translation of the Ancient Greek term εὐαγγέλιον euangélion , from which the terms evangelical and evangelism derive . The term gospel also refers to written accounts of Jesus 's life and teaching , four of which -- Matthew , Mark , Luke and John -- are considered canonical and included in the Christian Bible .   Christianity is an Abrahamic religion that began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century . Originating in Judea , it quickly spread to Europe , Syria , Mesopotamia , Asia Minor , Transcaucasia , Egypt , Ethiopia and India , and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire . Following the Age of Discovery , Christianity spread to the Americas , Australasia , sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization . Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization .   Throughout its history , Christianity has weathered schisms and theological disputes that have resulted in many distinct churches and denominations . Worldwide , the three largest branches of Christianity are the Catholic Church , the Eastern Orthodox Church and the various denominations of Protestantism . The Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches broke communion with each other in the East -- West Schism of 1054 ; Protestantism came into existence in the Reformation of the 16th century , splitting from the Catholic Church .

Supersessionism <=SEP=> Supersessionism , also called replacement theology or fulfillment theology , is a Christian theological view on the current status of the church in relation to the Jewish people and Judaism . It holds that the Christian Church has succeeded the Israelites as the definitive people of God or that the New Covenant has replaced or superseded the Mosaic covenant . From a supersessionist 's `` point of view , just by continuing to exist -LSB- outside the Church -RSB- , the Jews dissent '' . This view directly contrasts with dual-covenant theology which holds that the Mosaic covenant remains valid for Jews .   Islam also views itself as superseding the Christian faith with its doctrine of Tahrif , which `` sees itself as the final successor to and the completion of the Abrahamic faith tradition of ethical and prophetic monotheism . ''   Supersessionism formed a core tenet of the Church for the majority of its existence , and it remains a common assumption among Christians and Muslims . Subsequent to and because of the Holocaust , some mainstream Christian theologians and denominations have rejected supersessionism .

Umayyad Caliphate <=SEP=> The Umayyad Caliphate ( الخلافة الأموية , trans . Al-Khilāfah al-ʾumawiyya ) , also spelled , was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad . This caliphate was centred on the Umayyad dynasty ( الأمويون , al-ʾUmawiyyūn , or بنو أمية , Banū ʾUmayya , `` Sons of Umayya '' ) , hailing from Mecca . The Umayyad family had first come to power under the third caliph , Uthman ibn Affan ( r. 644 -- 656 ) , but the Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan , long-time governor of Syria , after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in AD 661/41 AH . Syria remained the Umayyads ' main power base thereafter , and Damascus was their capital . The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests , incorporating the Caucasus , Transoxiana , Sindh , the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula ( Al-Andalus ) into the Muslim world . At its greatest extent , the Umayyad Caliphate covered 11100000 km2 and 62 million people ( 29 % of the world 's population ) , making it one of the largest empires in history in both area and proportion of the world 's population .   The Umayyad Caliphate was secular by nature . At the time , the Umayyad taxation and administrative practice were perceived as unjust by some Muslims . The Christian and Jewish population still had autonomy ; their judicial matters were dealt with in accordance with their own laws and by their own religious heads or their appointees , although they did pay a poll tax for policing to the central state . Muhammad had stated explicitly during his lifetime that Abrahamic religious groups ( still a majority in times of the Umayyad Caliphate ) , should be allowed to practice their own religion , provided that they paid the jizya taxation . The welfare state of both the Muslim and the non-Muslim poor started by Umar ibn al Khattab had also continued , financed by the zakat tax levied only on Muslims . Muawiya 's wife Maysum ( Yazid 's mother ) was also a Christian . The relations between the Muslims and the Christians in the state were stable in this time . The Umayyads were involved in frequent battles with the Christian Byzantines without being concerned with protecting themselves in Syria , which had remained largely Christian like many other parts of the empire . Prominent positions were held by Christians , some of whom belonged to families that had served in Byzantine governments . The employment of Christians was part of a broader policy of religious assimilation that was necessitated by the presence of large Christian populations in the conquered provinces , as in Syria . This policy also boosted Muawiya 's popularity and solidified Syria as his power base .   The rivalries between the Arab tribes had caused unrest in the provinces outside Syria , most notably in the Second Muslim Civil War of AD 680 -- 692 and the Berber Revolt of 740 -- 743 . During the Second Civil War , leadership of the Umayyad clan shifted from the Sufyanid branch of the family to the Marwanid branch . As the constant campaigning exhausted the resources and manpower of the state , the Umayyads , weakened by the Third Muslim Civil War of 744 -- 747 , were finally toppled by the Abbasid Revolution in 750/132 AH . A branch of the family fled across North Africa to Al-Andalus , where they established the Caliphate of Córdoba , which lasted until 1031 before falling due to the Fitna of al-Ándalus .

Adam <=SEP=> Adam ( אָדָם Greek : Αδάμ Aramaic/Syriac : ܐܕܡ ; آدم ) is a figure from the Book of Genesis who is also mentioned in the New Testament , the deuterocanonical books , the Quran , the Book of Mormon , and the Book of Iqan . According to the creation myth of the Abrahamic religions , he was the first human .   In the Genesis creation narratives , he was created by God . Christian churches differ on how they view Adam 's subsequent behavior of disobeying God ( often called the Fall of man ) , and to the consequences that those actions had on the rest of humanity . Christian and Jewish teachings sometimes hold Adam and Eve ( the first woman ) to a different level of responsibility for the Fall , though Islamic teaching holds both equally responsible . In addition , Islam holds that Adam was eventually forgiven , while Christianity holds that redemption occurred only later through the sacrifice of Jesus . The Bahá ' í Faith , Islam and some Christian denominations consider Adam to be the first prophet .

Islam <=SEP=> Islam ( -LSB- ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English , differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress , whether the s is -LSB- slinkz -RSB- or -LSB- slinks -RSB- , and whether the a is pronounced -LSB- slinkɑː -RSB- , -LSB- slinkæ -RSB- or ( when the stress is on the first syllable ) -LSB- slinkə -RSB- ( Merriam Webster ) . The most common are -LSB- ˈɪzləm , _ ˈɪsləm , _ ɪzˈlɑːm , _ ɪsˈlɑːm -RSB- ( Oxford English Dictionary , Random House ) and -LSB- ˈɪzlɑːm , _ ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- ( American Heritage Dictionary ) . الإسلام , -LSB- alʔisˈlaːm -RSB- ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is only one and incomparable God ( Allah ) and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God . It is the world 's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world , with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1 % of the global population , known as Muslims . Islam teaches that God who is merciful , all-powerful , and unique has guided mankind through prophets , revealed scriptures and natural signs . The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran , viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God , and the teachings and normative example ( called the sunnah , composed of accounts called hadith ) of Muhammad ( 570 -- 8 June 632 CE ) .   Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam , Abraham , Moses , and Jesus . As for the Quran , Muslims consider it to be the unaltered and final revelation of God . Like other Abrahamic religions , Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unrighteous are punished in hell . Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam , which are obligatory acts of worship , and following Islamic law , which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society , from banking and welfare to women and the environment . The cities of Mecca , Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam .   Islam originated in the early 7th century in Mecca , and by the 8th century the Islamic empire extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east . The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century when much of the historically Islamic world was experiencing a scientific , economic and cultural flourishing . The expansion of the Muslim world involved various caliphates and empires , traders and conversion to Islam by missionary activities .   Most Muslims are of one of two denominations : Sunni ( 75 -- 90 % ) or Shia ( 10 -- 20 % ) . About 13 % of Muslims live in Indonesia , the largest Muslim-majority country , 31 % in South Asia , the largest population of Muslims in the world , 23 % in the Middle East-North Africa , where it is the dominant religion , and 15 % in Sub-Saharan Africa . Sizable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas , Caucasus , China , Europe , Mainland Southeast Asia , Philippines and Russia . Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world .

Temple Mount <=SEP=> The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת , Har HaBáyit , `` Mount of the House -LSB- of God , i.e. the Temple -RSB- '' ) , known to Muslims as the Haram esh-Sharif ( الحرم الشريف , al-Ḥaram al-Šarīf , `` the Noble Sanctuary '' , or الحرم القدسي الشريف , al-Ḥaram al-Qudsī al-Šarīf , `` the Noble Sanctuary of Jerusalem '' ) , a hill located in the Old City of Jerusalem , is one of the most important religious sites in the world . It has been venerated as a holy site for thousands of years by Judaism , Christianity , and Islam . The present site is dominated by three monumental structures from the early Umayyad period : the al-Aqsa Mosque , the Dome of the Rock and the Dome of the Chain , as well as four minarets . Herodian walls and gates with additions dating back to the late Byzantine and early Islamic periods cut through the flanks of the Mount . Currently it can be reached through eleven gates , ten reserved for Muslims and one for non-Muslims , with guard posts of Israeli police in the vicinity of each .   The Temple Mount is the holiest site in Judaism , which regards it as the place where God 's divine presence is manifested more than in any other place . According to the rabbinic sages whose debates produced the Talmud , it was from here the world expanded into its present form and where God gathered the dust used to create the first human , Adam .   Since at least the first century CE , the site has been associated in Judaism with Mount Moriah ( הַר הַמוריה , Har HaMōriyā ) ; Mount Moriah is the name given by the Hebrew Bible to the location of Abraham 's binding of Isaac , this identification being perpetuated by Jewish and Christian tradition .   Several passages in the Hebrew Bible indicate that during the time when they were written , the Temple Mount was identified as Mount Zion . The Mount Zion mentioned in the later parts of the Book of Isaiah , in the Book of Psalms , and the First Book of Maccabees ( c. 2nd century BCE ) seems to refer to the top of the hill , generally known as the Temple Mount . According to the Book of Samuel , Mount Zion was the site of the Jebusite fortress called the `` stronghold of Zion '' , but once the First Temple was erected , according to the Bible , at the top of the Eastern Hill ( `` Temple Mount '' ) , the name `` Mount Zion '' migrated there too . The name later migrated for a last time , this time to Jerusalem 's Western Hill .   According to the Bible , both Jewish Temples stood at the Temple Mount , though archaeological evidence only exists for the Second Temple . However , the identification of Solomon 's Temple with the area of the Temple Mount is widespread . According to the Bible the site should function as the center of all national life -- a governmental , judicial and religious center . During the Second Temple period it functioned also as an economic center . According to Jewish tradition and scripture , the First Temple was built by King Solomon the son of King David in 957 BCE and destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE . The second was constructed under the auspices of Zerubbabel in 516 BCE and destroyed by the Roman Empire in 70 CE . In the 2nd century , the site was used for a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus . It was redeveloped following the Arab conquest . Jewish tradition maintains it is here a Third and final Temple will also be built . The location is the holiest site in Judaism and is the place Jews turn towards during prayer . Due to its extreme sanctity , many Jews will not walk on the Mount itself , to avoid unintentionally entering the area where the Holy of Holies stood , since according to Rabbinical law , some aspect of the divine presence is still present at the site . It was from the Holy of Holies that the High Priest communicated directly with God .   The Temple was of central importance in Jewish worship , in the Tanakh and the Christian Old Testament . In the New Testament it remains the site of several events in the life of Jesus , and Christian loyalty to it as a focal point remained long after his death . After the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE , which came to be regarded by early Christians , as it was by Josephus and the sages of the Jerusalem Talmud , to be a divine act of punishment for the sins of the Jewish people , the Temple Mount lost its significance for Christian worship with the Christians considering it a fulfillment of Christ 's prophecy at , for example , and . It was to this end , proof of a biblical prophecy fulfilled and of Christianity 's victory over Judaism with the New Covenant , that early Christian pilgrims also visited the site . Byzantine Christians , despite some signs of constructive work on the esplanade , generally neglected the Temple Mount , especially when a Jewish attempt to rebuild the Temple was destroyed by the earthquake in 363 . and it became a desolate local rubbish dump , perhaps outside the city limits , as Christian worship in Jerusalem shifted to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre , and Jerusalem 's centrality was replaced by Rome .   Almost immediately after the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in 638 CE , Caliph ` Omar ibn al Khatab , disgusted by the filth covering the site , had it thoroughly cleaned , and granted Jews access to the site . Among Sunni Muslims , the Mount is widely considered the third holiest site in Islam . Revered as the Noble Sanctuary , the location of Muhammad 's journey to Jerusalem and ascent to heaven , the site is also associated with Jewish biblical prophets who are also venerated in Islam . Muslims preferred to the esplanade as the heart for the Muslim quarter since it had been abandoned by Christians , to avoid disturbing the Christian quarters of Jerusalem . Umayyad Caliphs commissioned the construction of the al-Aqsa Mosque and Dome of the Rock on the site . The Dome was completed in 692 CE , making it one of the oldest extant Islamic structures in the world . The Al Aqsa Mosque rests on the far southern side of the Mount , facing Mecca . The Dome of the Rock currently sits in the middle , occupying or close to the area where the Holy Temple previously stood .   In light of the dual claims of both Judaism and Islam , it is one of the most contested religious sites in the world . Since the Crusades , the Muslim community of Jerusalem has managed the site as a Waqf , without interruption . As the site is part of the Old City , controlled by Israel since 1967 , both Israel and the Palestinian Authority claim sovereignty over it , and it remains a major focal point of the Arab -- Israeli conflict . In an attempt to keep the status quo , the Israeli government enforces a controversial ban on prayer by non-Muslims .

Jerusalem <=SEP=> Jerusalem ( -LSB- dʒəˈruːsələm -RSB- -LSB- jeruʃaˈlajim -RSB- القُدس -LSB- alˈqʊds -RSB- ) is a city located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea . One of the oldest cities in the world , Jerusalem was named as `` Urusalima '' on ancient Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets , probably meaning `` City of Shalem '' after a Canaanite deity , during the early Canaanite period ( approximately 2400 BCE ) . During the Israelite period , significant construction activity in Jerusalem began in the 9th century BCE ( Iron Age II ) , and in the 8th century the city developed into the religious and administrative center of the Kingdom of Judah . It is considered a holy city in the three major Abrahamic religions of Judaism , Christianity and Islam .   Israelis and Palestinians both claim Jerusalem as their capital , as the State of Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there while the State of Palestine ultimately foresees the city as its seat of power ; however , neither claim is widely recognized internationally .   During its long history , Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice , besieged 23 times , attacked 52 times , and captured and recaptured 44 times . The part of Jerusalem called the City of David was settled in the 4th millennium BCE .  In 1538 , walls were built around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent . Today those walls define the Old City , which has been traditionally divided into four quarters -- known since the early 19th century as the Armenian , Christian , Jewish , and Muslim Quarters .  The Old City became a World Heritage Site in 1981 , and is on the List of World Heritage in Danger . Modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond the Old City 's boundaries .   According to the Biblical tradition , King David conquered the city from the Jebusites and established it as the capital of the United Kingdom of Israel , and his son , King Solomon , commissioned the building of the First Temple . These foundational events , straddling the dawn of the 1st millennium BCE , assumed central symbolic importance for the Jewish people . The sobriquet of holy city ( עיר הקודש , transliterated ` ir haqodesh ) was probably attached to Jerusalem in post-exilic times . The holiness of Jerusalem in Christianity , conserved in the Septuagint which Christians adopted as their own authority , was reinforced by the New Testament account of Jesus 's crucifixion there . In Sunni Islam , Jerusalem is the third-holiest city , after Mecca and Medina .  In Islamic tradition in 610 CE it became the first qibla , the focal point for Muslim prayer ( salat ) ,  and Muhammad made his Night Journey there ten years later , ascending to heaven where he speaks to God , according to the Quran .  As a result , despite having an area of only 0.9 km2 ,  the Old City is home to many sites of seminal religious importance , among them the Temple Mount with its Western Wall , Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque , and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre . Outside the Old City stands the Garden Tomb .   Today , the status of Jerusalem remains one of the core issues in the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict . During the 1948 Arab -- Israeli War , West Jerusalem was among the areas captured and later annexed by Israel while East Jerusalem , including the Old City , was captured and later annexed by Jordan . Israel captured East Jerusalem from Jordan during the 1967 Six-Day War and subsequently annexed it into Jerusalem , together with additional surrounding territory . One of Israel 's Basic Laws , the 1980 Jerusalem Law , refers to Jerusalem as the country 's undivided capital . All branches of the Israeli government are located in Jerusalem , including the Knesset ( Israel 's parliament ) , the residences of the Prime Minister and President , and the Supreme Court . Whilst the international community rejected the annexation as illegal and treats East Jerusalem as Palestinian territory occupied by Israel , Israel has a stronger claim to sovereignty over West Jerusalem . The international community does not recognize Jerusalem as Israel 's capital , and the city hosts no foreign embassies . Jerusalem is also home to some non-governmental Israeli institutions of national importance , such as the Hebrew University and the Israel Museum with its Shrine of the Book .   In 2011 , Jerusalem had a population of 801,000 , of which Jews comprised 497,000 ( 62 % ) , Muslims 281,000 ( 35 % ) , Christians 14,000 ( around 2 % ) and 9,000 ( 1 % ) were not classified by religion .

Judaism <=SEP=> Judaism ( from Iudaismus , derived from Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός , originally from Hebrew , Yehudah , `` Judah '' ; in Hebrew : , Yahadut , the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos ) is an ancient monotheistic Abrahamic religion , with the Torah as its foundational text ( part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible ) , and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud . It encompasses the religion , philosophy , culture and way of life of the Jewish people . Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship that God established with the Children of Israel . With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide , Judaism is the tenth-largest religion in the world .   Judaism includes a wide corpus of texts , practices , theological positions , and forms of organization . Within Judaism there are a variety of movements , most of which emerged from Rabbinic Judaism , which holds that God revealed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of both the Written and Oral Torah . Historically , this assertion was challenged by various groups such as the Sadducees and Hellenistic Judaism during the Second Temple period ; the Karaites and Sabbateans during the early and later medieval period ; and among segments of the modern non-Orthodox denominations . Modern branches of Judaism such as Humanistic Judaism may be nontheistic . Today , the largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism ( Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism ) , Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism . Major sources of difference between these groups are their approaches to Jewish law , the authority of the Rabbinic tradition , and the significance of the State of Israel . Orthodox Judaism maintains that the Torah and Jewish law are divine in origin , eternal and unalterable , and that they should be strictly followed . Conservative and Reform Judaism are more liberal , with Conservative Judaism generally promoting a more `` traditional '' interpretation of Judaism 's requirements than Reform Judaism . A typical Reform position is that Jewish law should be viewed as a set of general guidelines rather than as a set of restrictions and obligations whose observance is required of all Jews . Historically , special courts enforced Jewish law ; today , these courts still exist but the practice of Judaism is mostly voluntary . Authority on theological and legal matters is not vested in any one person or organization , but in the sacred texts and rabbis and scholars who interpret them .   The history of Judaism spans more than 3,000 years . Judaism has its roots as a structured religion in the Middle East during the Bronze Age . Judaism is considered one of the oldest monotheistic religions . The Hebrews and Israelites were already referred to as `` Jews '' in later books of the Tanakh such as the Book of Esther , with the term Jews replacing the title `` Children of Israel '' . Judaism 's texts , traditions and values strongly influenced later Abrahamic religions , including Christianity , Islam and the Baha'i Faith . Many aspects of Judaism have also directly or indirectly influenced secular Western ethics and civil law .   Jews are an ethnoreligious group and include those born Jewish and converts to Judaism . In 2015 , the world Jewish population was estimated at about 14.3 million , or roughly 0.2 % of the total world population . About 43 % of all Jews reside in Israel and another 43 % reside in the United States and Canada , with most of the remainder living in Europe , and other minority groups spread throughout South America , Asia , Africa , and Australia .