Query: Timur was Anglo-Saxon.

Relevant passages:
Turco-Mongol tradition <=SEP=> The Turco-Mongol or Turko-Mongol tradition was a cultural synthesis that arose during the early 14th century , among the ruling elites of Mongol Empire successor states such as the Chagatai Khanate and Golden Horde . These elites adopted Turkic languages and different religions such as Buddhism and Islam , while retaining Mongol political and legal institutions . Many later Central Asian states drew heavily on this tradition , including the Timurid Empire , the Kazakh Khanate , the Khanate of Kazan , the Nogai Khanate , the Crimean Khanate , and the Mughal Empire .   A much earlier Turco-Mongol tradition existed in prehistory as well , as evidenced by the extensive lexical borrowings from Proto-Turkic into the ancestor of Proto-Mongolic from around at least the first millennium BCE . Turkic and Mongolic languages share extensive borrowed similarities in their personal pronouns ( e.g. the * b - , * s - , * i - paradigm for 1st , 2nd , and 3rd person , respectively ) , among other lexical similarities of the type , which seem to date to before this era and already existed before the breakup of Turkic around 500 BCE . Turkic and Mongolic peoples shared a common religion , Tengrism , which dates at least from this ancient period .   A still more ancient period of prolonged language contact between Turkic and Mongolic is indicated by further and more fundamental phonotactic , grammatical , and typological similarities ( e.g. synchronic vowel harmony , lack of grammatical gender , extensive agglutination , highly similar phonotactic rules and phonology ) . In the past , such similarities were attributed to a genetic relationship and led to the widespread acceptance of an Altaic language family . More recently , due to the lack of a definitive demonstration of genetic relationship , these similarities have been divided into at these three known periods of language contact . The similarities have led to the proposal of a Northeast Asian sprachbund instead , which also includes the Tungusic , Korean , and Japonic language families , although Turkic and Mongolic display the most extensive similarities .

Transoxiana <=SEP=> Transoxiana ( also spelled Transoxania ) , known in Arabic sources as ( -LSB- ˈmaː waˈraːʔ anˈnahr -RSB- -- ` what -LSB- is -RSB- beyond the -LSB- Oxus -RSB- river ' ) and in Persian as ( فرارود , -LSB- fæɾɒːɾuːd -RSB- -- ` beyond the -LSB- Amudarya -RSB- river ' ) , is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan , Tajikistan , southern Kyrgyzstan , and southwest Kazakhstan . Geographically , it is the region between the Amu Darya ( Ώξος Ốxos ) and Syr Darya rivers . The area had been known to the Romans as Transoxania ( Land beyond the Oxus ) , to the Arabs as Mawarannahr ( Land Beyond the River ) , and to the Iranians as Turan , a term used in the Persian national epic Shahnameh .   The region was one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia under the name Sogdiana . Early Arab geographers named it `` Bilād al-Turk '' or `` Turkestan , '' both of which mean ` the lands of the Turks ' .

Timur <=SEP=> Timur ( تیمور Temūr , Chagatai : Temür , 9 April 1336 -- 18 February 1405 ) , historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane ( تيمور لنگ Temūr ( - i ) Lang , `` Timur the Lame '' ) , was a Turco-Mongol conqueror . As the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia he became the first ruler in the Timurid dynasty .   Born into the Barlas confederation in Transoxiana on 9 April 1336 , Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370 . From that base he led military campaigns across Western , South and Central Asia , the Caucasus and southern Russia , and emerged as the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world after defeating the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria , the emerging Ottoman Empire , and the declining Delhi Sultanate . From these conquests he founded the Timurid Empire , but this empire fragmented shortly after his death .   Timur is considered the last of the great nomadic conquerors of the Eurasian Steppe , and his empire set the stage for the rise of the more structured and lasting Gunpowder Empires in the 1500s and 1600s . According to John Joseph Saunders , Timur 's background was Iranized and not steppe nomad .   Timur envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan ( died 1227 ) . `` In his formal correspondence Temur continued throughout his life to portray himself as the restorer of Chinggisid rights . He justified his Iranian , Mamluk , and Ottoman campaigns as a re-imposition of legitimate Mongol control over lands taken by usurpers . To legitimize his conquests , Timur relied on Islamic symbols and language , referred to himself as the `` Sword of Islam '' , and patronized educational and religious institutions . He converted nearly all the Borjigin leaders to Islam during his lifetime .  `` Temur , a non-Chinggisid , tried to build a double legitimacy based on his role as both guardian and restorer of the Mongol Empire . ''  Timur also decisively defeated the Christian Knights Hospitaller at the Siege of Smyrna , styling himself a ghazi . By the end of his reign , Timur had gained complete control over all the remnants of the Chagatai Khanate , the Ilkhanate , and the Golden Horde , and even attempted to restore the Yuan dynasty in China .   Timur 's armies were inclusively multi-ethnic and were feared throughout Asia , Africa , and Europe , sizable parts of which his campaigns laid to waste . Scholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people , amounting to about 5 % of the world population at the time .   He was the grandfather of the renowned Timurid sultan , astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg , who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449 , and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur ( 1483-1530 ) , founder of the Mughal Empire , which ruled parts of South Asia for over three centuries , from 1526 until 1857 .  Timur is also recognized as a great patron of art and architecture , as he interacted with Muslim intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun and Hafiz-i Abru .