sonny-dev/inters-qdu huggingface dataset:
Query: Guns N' Roses started in 1985.

Relevant passages:
Guns N' Roses <=SEP=> Guns N ' Roses , often abbreviated as GnR , is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles formed in 1985 . The lineup , when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986 , consisted of vocalist Axl Rose , lead guitarist Slash , rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin , bassist Duff McKagan , and drummer Steven Adler . Guns N ' Roses have released six studio albums , accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide , including shipments of 45 million in the United States , making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time .   Guns N ' Roses ' debut album , Appetite for Destruction ( 1987 ) , reached number one on the Billboard 200 a year after its release , on the strength of `` Sweet Child o ' Mine '' , the band 's only single to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album has sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide , including 18 million units in the United States , making it the best-selling debut album of all time in the US , as well as the eleventh best-selling album in the United States . The success of the debut was followed by the eight-song album G N ' R Lies ( 1988 ) which reached number two on the Billboard 200 . The twin albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II ( 1991 ) debuted at number two and number one on the Billboard 200 respectively and have sold a combined 35 million copies worldwide , including 14 million units in the United States . The cover album `` The Spaghetti Incident ? '' ( 1993 ) was the band 's last studio album to feature Slash and McKagan .   After more than a decade of work and several lineup changes , Guns N ' Roses released the long-awaited album Chinese Democracy ( 2008 ) which , at an estimated $ 14 million in production costs , is the most expensive rock album to ever be produced in music history . It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 but undersold industry expectations , despite mostly positive critical reception . Former members Slash and McKagan both rejoined the band in 2016 , embarking on the Not in This Lifetime ... Tour .   Guns N ' Roses has been credited with reviving the mainstream popularity of rock 'n' roll , at a time when popular music was dominated by dance music and glam metal . Its late 1980s and early 1990s years have been described as the period in which the group brought forth a `` hedonistic rebelliousness '' reminiscent of the early Rolling Stones , a reputation that had earned the group the nickname `` the most dangerous band in the world '' . The band 's classic lineup , along with later members keyboardist Dizzy Reed and drummer Matt Sorum , was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 in its first year of eligibility .   The band 's membership has changed many times since the early 1990 's , with Rose and keyboardist Dizzy Reed as the only two constant members since 1990 . The current lineup consists of Rose , Slash , McKagan , Reed , guitarist Richard Fortus , drummer Frank Ferrer and keyboardist Melissa Reese .
Query: Personality is a unit of individual differences.

Relevant passages:
Personality <=SEP=> Personality is a set of individual differences that are affected by the development of an individual : values , attitudes , personal memories , social relationships , habits , and skills . Different personality theorists present their own definitions of the word based on their theoretical positions . The term `` personality trait '' refers to enduring personal characteristics that are revealed in a particular pattern of behaviour in a variety of situations .
Query: The Silver Surfer appears in manga published by Marvel Comics.

Relevant passages:
Silver Surfer <=SEP=> The Silver Surfer is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character also appears in a number of movies , television , and video game adaptations . The character was created by Jack Kirby , and first appeared in the comic book Fantastic Four # 48 , published in 1966 .   The Silver Surfer is a humanoid with metallic skin who can travel space with the aid of his surfboard-like craft . Originally a young astronomer named Norrin Radd on the planet Zenn-La , he saved his homeworld from the planet devourer , Galactus , by serving as his herald . Imbued in return with a tiny portion of Galactus 's Power Cosmic , Radd acquired vast power , a new body and a surfboard-like craft on which he could travel faster than light . Now known as the Silver Surfer , Radd roamed the cosmos searching for planets for Galactus to consume . When his travels took him to Earth , he met the Fantastic Four , a team of powerful superheroes who helped him rediscover his humanity and nobility of spirit . Betraying Galactus , the Surfer saved Earth but was exiled there as punishment .   In 2011 , IGN ranked Silver Surfer 41st in its `` Top 100 Comic Heroes '' list . He was portrayed by Doug Jones and voiced by Laurence Fishburne in the 2007 film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer .
Query: Project Y's mission was to design the first atomic bombs under the Manhattan Project.

Relevant passages:
Project Y <=SEP=> The Los Alamos Laboratory , also known as Project Y , was a secret laboratory established by the Manhattan Project and operated by the University of California during World War II . Its mission was to design and build the first atomic bombs . Robert Oppenheimer was its first director , from 1943 to December 1945 , when he was succeeded by Norris Bradbury . For scientists freely to discuss their work while preserving security , the laboratory was located in a remote part of New Mexico . The wartime laboratory occupied buildings that had once been part of the Los Alamos Ranch School .   The development effort initially concentrated on a gun-type fission weapon using plutonium called Thin Man . In April 1944 , the Los Alamos Laboratory determined that the rate of spontaneous fission in plutonium bred in a nuclear reactor was too great due to the presence of plutonium-240 and would cause a predetonation , a nuclear chain reaction before the core was fully assembled . Oppenheimer then reorganized the laboratory and orchestrated an all-out and ultimately successful effort on an alternative design proposed by John von Neumann , an implosion-type nuclear weapon , which was called Fat Man . A variant of the gun-type design known as Little Boy was developed using uranium-235 .   Chemists at the Los Alamos Laboratory developed methods of purifying uranium and plutonium , the latter a metal that only existed in microscopic quantities when Project Y began . Its metallurgists found that plutonium had unexpected properties , but were nonetheless able to cast it into metal spheres . The laboratory built the Water Boiler , an aqueous homogeneous reactor , the third reactor in the world to become operational . It also researched the Super , a hydrogen bomb that would use a fission bomb to ignite a nuclear fusion reaction in deuterium and tritium .   The Fat Man design was tested in the Trinity nuclear test in July 1945 . Project Y personnel formed pit crews and assembly teams for the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and participated in the bombing as weaponeers and observers . After the war ended , the laboratory supported the Operation Crossroads nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll . A new Z Division was created to control testing , stockpiling and bomb assembly activities , which were concentrated at Sandia Base . The Los Alamos Laboratory became Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in 1947 .
Query: One True Thing is a German film.

Relevant passages:
One True Thing <=SEP=> One True Thing is a 1998 American drama film directed by Carl Franklin . It tells the story of a woman who is forced to put her life on hold in order to care for her mother who is dying of cancer . It was adapted by Karen Croner from the novel by Anna Quindlen . The novel and film are based on Anna Quindlen 's real life and her struggle of dealing with the death of her mother , Prudence Pantano Quindlen in 1972 , due to ovarian cancer .   The film stars Meryl Streep , Renée Zellweger , William Hurt and Tom Everett Scott . Bette Midler sings the lead song , `` My One True Friend '' , over the end credits . The track was first released on Midler 's 1998 album Bathhouse Betty .  It was shot in Morristown , NJ , Maplewood , NJ , as well as in Princeton University .
Query: Hermit crabs are animals.

Relevant passages:
Crustacean <=SEP=> Crustaceans ( Crustacea -LSB- krʌˈsteɪʃə -RSB- ) form a large , diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs , lobsters , crayfish , shrimp , krill , woodlice and barnacles .  The crustacean group is usually treated as a subphylum , and thanks to recent molecular studies it is now well accepted that the crustacean group is paraphyletic , and comprises all animals in the Pancrustacea clade other than hexapods .  In other words , some crustaceans are more closely related to insects and other hexapods than they are to certain other crustaceans .   The 67,000 described species range in size from Stygotantulus stocki at 0.1 mm , to the Japanese spider crab with a leg span of up to 3.8 m and a mass of 20 kg . Like other arthropods , crustaceans have an exoskeleton , which they moult to grow . They are distinguished from other groups of arthropods , such as insects , myriapods and chelicerates , by the possession of biramous ( two-parted ) limbs , and by their larval forms , such as the nauplius stage of branchiopods and copepods .   Most crustaceans are free-living aquatic animals , but some are terrestrial ( e.g. woodlice ) , some are parasitic ( e.g. Rhizocephala , fish lice , tongue worms ) and some are sessile ( e.g. barnacles ) . The group has an extensive fossil record , reaching back to the Cambrian , and includes living fossils such as Triops cancriformis , which has existed apparently unchanged since the Triassic period . More than 10 million tons of crustaceans are produced by fishery or farming for human consumption , the majority of it being shrimp and prawns . Krill and copepods are not as widely fished , but may be the animals with the greatest biomass on the planet , and form a vital part of the food chain . The scientific study of crustaceans is known as carcinology ( alternatively , malacostracology , crustaceology or crustalogy ) , and a scientist who works in carcinology is a carcinologist .

Hermit crab <=SEP=> Hermit crabs are decapod crustaceans of the superfamily Paguroidea .   Most of the approximately 1100 species possess an asymmetrical abdomen that is concealed in a scavenged gastropod shell carried around by the hermit crab .
Query: Gaius Julius Caesar was only Spanish.

Relevant passages:
Gaius Julius Caesar (proconsul) <=SEP=> Gaius Julius Caesar ( ca. 130 BC -- 85 BC ) was a Roman senator , a supporter of his brother-in-law , Gaius Marius , and the father of Gaius Julius Caesar , the dictator .   Caesar was married to Aurelia Cotta , a member of the Aurelii and Rutilii families . They had two daughters , known as Julia Major and Julia Minor , and a son , Gaius , who was born in 100 BC . He was the brother of Sextus Julius Caesar ( consul in 91 BC ) and the son of Gaius Julius Caesar .   Caesar 's progress through the cursus honorum is well known , although the specific dates associated with his offices are controversial . According to two elogia erected in Rome long after his death , Caesar was a commissioner in the colony at Cercina , military tribune , quaestor , praetor , and proconsul of Asia . The dates of these offices are unclear . The colony is probably one of Marius ' of 103 BC . Broughton dated the praetorship to 92 BC , with the quaestorship falling towards the beginning of the 90s BC . Brennan has dated the praetorship to the beginning of the decade .   Caesar died suddenly in 85 BC , in Rome , while putting on his shoes one morning . Another Caesar , possibly his father , had died similarly in Pisa . His father had seen to his education by one of the best orators of Rome , Marcus Antonius Gnipho . In his will , he left Caesar the bulk of his estate , but after Marius 's faction had been defeated in the civil war of the 80s BC , this inheritance was confiscated by the dictator Sulla .
Query: SummerSlam had no show.

Relevant passages:
SummerSlam (2015) <=SEP=> SummerSlam ( 2015 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by WWE . It took place on August 23 , 2015 , at Barclays Center in Brooklyn , New York . The twenty-eighth event under the SummerSlam chronology , this was the first since 2008 to be held outside of Los Angeles as Staples Center was the exclusive home for SummerSlam from 2009 to 2014 , and the eighth SummerSlam to be held in the New York metropolitan area . The Izod Center was originally supposed to host SummerSlam , but due to its closure in April 2015 , the event was moved to Barclays Center . The event was the first in the SummerSlam chronology to be four hours in length , a length previously reserved only for WrestleMania .   The event was the second night of what was billed as a `` triple-header '' at Barclays Center , with NXT TakeOver : Brooklyn having taken place the previous night , and Raw the following night . Ten matches were contested at the event , with no pre-show . In the main event , The Undertaker defeated Brock Lesnar in controversial fashion ; Lesnar put Undertaker in his Kimura lock and the timekeeper rang the bell after seeing the Undertaker supposedly indicating submission , but since the referee had n't seen a submission and never stopped the match , the match continued . The confusion allowed Undertaker to surprise Lesnar with a low blow before trapping him in the Hell 's Gate submission hold , during which Lesnar passed out to give Undertaker the win .
Query: Dark matter is a hypothetical type of matter.

Relevant passages:
Dark matter <=SEP=> Dark matter is a hypothetical type of matter distinct from baryonic matter ( ordinary matter such as protons and neutrons ) , neutrinos and dark energy . The existence of dark matter would explain a number of otherwise puzzling astronomical observations . The name refers to the fact that it does not emit or interact with electromagnetic radiation , such as light , and is thus invisible to the entire electromagnetic spectrum . Although dark matter has not been directly observed , its existence and properties are inferred from its gravitational effects such as the motions of visible matter , gravitational lensing , its influence on the universe 's large-scale structure , on galaxies , and its effects in the cosmic microwave background .   The standard model of cosmology indicates that the total mass -- energy of the universe contains 4.9 % ordinary matter , 26.8 % dark matter and 68.3 % dark energy . Thus , dark matter constitutes 84.5 % Since dark energy , by convention , does not count as `` matter '' , this is 26.8 / ( 4.9 + 26.8 ) = 0.845 of total mass , while dark energy plus dark matter constitute 95.1 % of total mass -- energy content . The great majority of ordinary matter in the universe is also unseen , since visible stars and gas inside galaxies and clusters account for less than 10 % of the ordinary matter contribution to the mass-energy density of the universe . The most widely accepted hypothesis on the form for dark matter is that it is composed of weakly interacting massive particles ( WIMPs ) that interact only through gravity and the weak force .  The dark matter hypothesis plays a central role in current modeling of cosmic structure formation and galaxy formation and evolution and on explanations of the anisotropies observed in the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) . All these lines of evidence suggest that galaxies , galaxy clusters , and the universe as a whole contain far more matter than that which is observable via electromagnetic signals . Many experiments to detect proposed dark matter particles through non-gravitational means are under way ; however , no dark matter particle has been conclusively identified .   Although the existence of dark matter is generally accepted by most of the astronomical community , a minority of astronomers , motivated by the lack of conclusive identification of dark matter , argue for various modifications of the standard laws of general relativity , such as  MOND , TeVeS , and conformal gravity that attempt to account for the observations without invoking additional matter .
Query: Arthur Schopenhauer was born in 1788.

Relevant passages:
Arthur Schopenhauer <=SEP=> Arthur Schopenhauer ( -LSB- ˈaɐ̯tʊɐ̯ ˈʃoːpm̩ˌhaʊ̯ɐ -RSB- ; 22 February 1788 -- 21 September 1860 ) was a German philosopher . He is best known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation ( expanded in 1844 ) , wherein he characterizes the phenomenal world as the product of a blind and insatiable metaphysical will . Proceeding from the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant , Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism , rejecting the contemporaneous post-Kantian philosophies of German idealism . Schopenhauer was among the first thinkers in Western philosophy to share and affirm significant tenets of Eastern philosophy ( e.g. , asceticism , the world-as-appearance ) , having initially arrived at similar conclusions as the result of his own philosophical work . His writing on aesthetics , morality , and psychology would exert important influence on thinkers and artists throughout the 19th and 20th centuries .   Though his work failed to garner substantial attention during his life , Schopenhauer has had a posthumous impact across various disciplines , including philosophy , literature , and science . Those who have cited his influence include Friedrich Nietzsche , Richard Wagner , Leo Tolstoy , Ludwig Wittgenstein , Erwin Schrödinger , Otto Rank , Gustav Mahler , Joseph Campbell , Albert Einstein , Carl Jung , Thomas Mann , Jorge Luis Borges , and Samuel Beckett , among others .
Query: Fred Seibert only has a career as a gospel record producer.

Relevant passages:
Fred Seibert <=SEP=> Frederick `` Fred '' Seibert ( born September 15 , 1951 ) is a serial entrepreneur and American television and film producer . He owns Frederator Networks , Inc. and Frederator Studios . Seibert has held leading positions with MTV Networks , Hanna-Barbera , and Next New Networks , and is an angel investor in several technology and media start-ups . He has produced live action and animated programs for cable television , and the internet , and began his professional career as a jazz and blues record producer .
Query: Java is outside Indonesia.

Relevant passages:
Java <=SEP=> Java ( Indonesian : Jawa ; Javanese : ꦗꦮ ; Sundanese : ) is an island of Indonesia . With a population of over 141 million ( the island itself ) or 145 million ( the administrative region ) Census released in December 2015 , Java is home to 56.7 percent of the Indonesian population and is the most populous island on Earth . The Indonesian capital city , Jakarta , is located on western Java . Much of Indonesian history took place on Java . It was the center of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires , the Islamic sultanates , and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies . Java was also the center of the Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s . Java dominates Indonesia politically , economically and culturally .   Formed mostly as the result of volcanic eruptions , Java is the 13th largest island in the world and the fifth largest in Indonesia . A chain of volcanic mountains forms an east -- west spine along the island . Three main languages are spoken on the island : Javanese , Sundanese , and Madurese . Of these , Javanese is the dominant ; it is the native language of about 60 million people in Indonesia , most of whom live on Java . Furthermore , most residents are bilingual , speaking Indonesian ( the official language of Indonesia ) as their first or second language . While the majority of the people of Java are Muslim , Java has a diverse mixture of religious beliefs , ethnicities , and cultures .   Java is divided into four provinces , West Java , Central Java , East Java , and Banten , and two special regions , Jakarta and Yogyakarta .
Query: Ned Stark is the dishonorable lord of Winterfell.

Relevant passages:
Ned Stark <=SEP=> Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series .   Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 .
Query: Melilla is located on the north coast of Alaska.

Relevant passages:
Melilla <=SEP=> Melilla ( -LSB- məˈliːjə -RSB- ; -LSB- meˈliʎa -RSB- , -LSB- meˈliʝa -RSB- ; Mřič -LSB- , Maliliyyah ) is a Spanish autonomous city located on the north coast of Africa , sharing a border with Morocco with an area of 12.3 km2 . Melilla , along with Ceuta , is one of two permanently inhabited Spanish cities in mainland Africa . It was part of Málaga province until 14 March 1995 when the city 's Statute of Autonomy was passed .   Melilla , like Ceuta , was a free port before Spain joined the European Union . , it had a population of 78,476 made up of ethnic Spaniards , ethnic Riffian Berbers , and a small number of Sephardic Jews and Sindhi Hindus . Both Spanish and Riffian-Berber are the two most widely spoken languages , with Spanish as the only official language .   Melilla is officially subject to a territorial claim along with the city of Ceuta .
Query: Betsy Hodges served as mayor of Minneapolis.

Relevant passages:
Betsy Hodges <=SEP=> Elizabeth A. `` Betsy '' Hodges ( born September 7 , 1969 ) is the mayor of Minneapolis . A member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party , she represented Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council from January 2006 until January 2014 . Hodges was reelected to the city council in the 2009 Minneapolis municipal elections .   Hodges won the 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election and was inaugurated on January 2 , 2014 .
Query: Globalism is a group of ideologies that oppose the concept of globalization.

Relevant passages:
Globalism <=SEP=> Globalism a group of ideologies that advocate the concept of globalization . It tends to advocate for such policies as increases in immigration , free trade , lowering tariffs , interventionism and global governance . It is typically viewed as opposite of nationalism , and has become increasingly divisive in politics in many developed countries , such as the United States .