sonny-dev/inters-qdu huggingface dataset:
Query: Scream 2 is an American film.

Relevant passages:
Scream 2 <=SEP=> Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson . It stars David Arquette , Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Jamie Kennedy , Laurie Metcalf , Jerry O'Connell , Jada Pinkett and Liev Schreiber .   The film was released on December 12 , 1997 by Dimension Films as the second installment in the Scream film series . Scream 2 takes place one year after Scream and again follows the character of Sidney Prescott ( Campbell ) , now a student at the fictional Windsor College , who becomes the target of a copycat killer using the guise of Ghostface . Sidney is accompanied by film-geek Randy Meeks ( Kennedy ) , retired deputy sheriff Dewey Riley ( Arquette ) and news reporter Gale Weathers ( Cox ) . Like its predecessor , Scream 2 combines the violence of the slasher genre with elements of comedy and `` whodunit '' mystery while satirizing the cliché of film sequels . The film was followed by two sequels , Scream 3 ( 2000 ) and Scream 4 ( 2011 ) .   Williamson provided a five-page outline for a sequel to Scream when auctioning his original script , hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise . Following a successful test screening of Scream and the film 's financial and critical success , Dimension moved forward with the sequel while Scream was still in theaters , with the principal cast all returning to star , Craven to direct and Beltrami to provide music .   The film suffered controversy following its significant issues with plot information leaking onto the Internet , revealing the identity of the killers . Combined with the film 's rushed schedule , the script was rewritten often ; pages were sometimes completed on the day of filming . Despite these issues , Scream 2 earned $ 172 million , received several awards and nominations . The film also received positive reviews , with some critics arguing that the sequel surpassed the original in terms of quality .   Beltrami received positive critical reception for his score for evolving the musical themes of the characters created in Scream although some critics claimed that the most memorable pieces from the film were created by composers Danny Elfman and Hans Zimmer . Elfman 's contribution had been specially written for the film , but Zimmer 's score for Broken Arrow was controversially used in the film , replacing Beltrami 's own work . The soundtrack received negative feedback from reviewers but achieved moderate sales success , reaching # 50 on the Billboard 200 .
Query: Maria Theresa reigned over Spain.

Relevant passages:
Maria Theresa <=SEP=> Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina ( Maria Theresia -LSB- maˈʁiːa teˈʁeːzi̯a -RSB- 13 May 1717 -- 29 November 1780 ) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg . She was the sovereign of Austria , Hungary , Croatia , Bohemia , Transylvania , Mantua , Milan , Lodomeria and Galicia , the Austrian Netherlands and Parma . By marriage , she was Duchess of Lorraine , Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress .   She started her 40-year reign when her father , Emperor Charles VI , died in October 1740 . Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it . Upon the death of her father , Saxony , Prussia , Bavaria , and France all repudiated the sanction they had recognised during his lifetime . Frederick II of Prussia ( who became Maria Theresa 's greatest enemy for most of her reign ) promptly invaded and took the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia in the nine-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession . Over the course of the war , despite the loss of Silesia and a few minor territories in Italy , Maria Theresa successfully defended her rule over most of the Habsburg empire . Maria Theresa later unsuccessfully tried to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years ' War .   Maria Theresa and her husband , Francis I , Holy Roman Emperor , had eleven daughters , including the Queen of France and Navarre , the Queen of Naples and Sicily , the Duchess of Parma , and five sons , including two Holy Roman Emperors , Joseph II and Leopold II . Of the sixteen children ten survived to adulthood . Though she was expected to cede power to Francis and Joseph , both of whom were officially her co-rulers in Austria and Bohemia , Maria Theresa was the absolute sovereign who ruled with the counsel of her advisers . She criticised and disapproved of many of Joseph 's actions . Maria Theresa understood the importance of her public persona and was able to simultaneously evoke both esteem and affection from her subjects .   Maria Theresa promulgated financial and educational reforms , with the assistance of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz and Gerard van Swieten , promoted commerce and the development of agriculture , and reorganised Austria 's ramshackle military , all of which strengthened Austria 's international standing . However , she refused to allow religious pluralism and advocated for the state church and contemporary adversary travelers criticized her regime as bigoted and superstitious . As a young monarch who fought two dynastic wars , she believed that her cause should be the cause of her subjects , but in her later years she would believe that their cause must be hers .
Query: General Motors sells assembled vehicles.

Relevant passages:
General Motors <=SEP=> General Motors Company , commonly known as GM , is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit , Michigan , that designs , manufactures , markets , and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts , and sells financial services . With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit , Michigan , United States , GM manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries . In 2008 , 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands . 10 million cars sold milestone was exceeded on 2016 . Current auto brands are Buick , Cadillac , Chevrolet , GMC , Holden , and Wuling . Former GM automotive brands include McLaughlin , Oakland , Oldsmobile , Pontiac , Hummer , Saab , Saturn , Vauxhall , and Opel .   The company was founded by William C. Durant on September 16 , 1908 as a holding company . The company was the largest automobile manufacturer from 1931 through 2007 .   In addition to brands selling assembled vehicles , GM has also had various automotive-component and non-automotive brands , many of which it divested in the 1980s through 2000s . These have included Euclid and Terex ( earthmoving/construction/mining equipment & vehicles ) ; Electro-Motive Diesel ( locomotive , marine , and industrial diesel engines ) ; Detroit Diesel ( automotive and industrial diesel engines ) ; Allison ( Aircraft engines , transmissions , gas turbine engines ) ; Frigidaire ( Appliances including refrigeration and air conditioning ) ; New Departure ( bearings ) ; Delco Electronics and ACDelco ( electrical and electronic components ) ; GMAC ( finance ) ; General Aviation and North American Aviation ( airplanes ) ; GM Defense ( military vehicles ) ; and Electronic Data Systems ( information technology ) .   General Motors produces vehicles in 37 countries under twelve brands : Chevrolet , Buick , GMC , Cadillac , Holden , HSV , Opel , Vauxhall , Wuling , Baojun , Jie Fang , and Ravon .   The current company , General Motors Company ( `` new GM '' ) , was formed in 2009 following the bankruptcy of General Motors Corporation ( `` old GM '' ) , which became Motors Liquidation Company . The new company purchased the majority of the assets of the old GM , including the brand `` General Motors '' .
Query: Ed Gagliardi died of cancer.

Relevant passages:
Ed Gagliardi <=SEP=> Edward John ` Ed ' Gagliardi ( February 13 , 1952 -- May 11 , 2014 ) was an American bass guitarist , best known as the original bass player for the 1970s rock band Foreigner . He was a member of Foreigner from the beginning in 1976 . Gagliardi , most notably , played a red Rickenbacker bass guitar , left-handed even though he was naturally right-handed . It is widely known that he did so out of admiration , and devotion to Paul McCartney ( most often self-doctored from right handed basses , reengineered and played upside down , by Gagliardi himself ) . Gagliardi was on the albums Foreigner and Double Vision , but was fired from the band in 1979 .   In 1981 , Gagliardi formed the band Spys with former Foreigner keyboardist Al Greenwood , a band that set the tone for much of the 80 's synth-rock bands , and received acclaim within the musical community .   In the early 2000s , Gagliardi worked as a Service Department Writer at Rallye Lexus in Glen Cove , New York .   Gagliardi died of cancer on May 11 , 2014 , after battling cancer for eight years . Friends and family held a private ceremony .
Query: Military deception is a form of strategic use of information used by the military.

Relevant passages:
Military deception <=SEP=> Military deception refers to attempts to mislead enemy forces during warfare . This is usually achieved by creating or amplifying an artificial fog of war via psychological operations , information warfare , visual deception and other methods . As a form of strategic use of information ( disinformation ) , it overlaps with psychological warfare . To the degree that any enemy that falls for the deception will lose confidence when it is revealed , he may hesitate when confronted with the truth .   Deception in warfare dates back to early history . The Art of War , an ancient Chinese military treatise , puts great emphasis on the tactic . In modern times military deception has developed as a fully fledged doctrine . Misinformation and visual deception were employed during World War I and came into even greater prominence during World War II . In the buildup to the 1944 invasion of Normandy the Allies executed one of the largest deceptions in military history , Operation Bodyguard , helping them achieve full tactical surprise .
Query: Telephone contains a sampled voice of an operator.

Relevant passages:
Telephone (song) <=SEP=> `` Telephone '' is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga for her third EP , The Fame Monster ( 2009 ) . The song features American singer Beyoncé . The song was written by Gaga , Rodney Jerkins , LaShawn Daniels , Lazonate Franklin and Beyoncé . Inspired by her fear of suffocation , Gaga explained that the lyrics preferring relaxing on the dance floor to answering her lover 's phone call are a metaphor , the phone calling her representing the fear of not having worked hard enough to succeed . Originally , Gaga wrote the song for Britney Spears , who recorded a demo . Musically , `` Telephone '' consists of an expanded bridge , verse-rap and a sampled voice of an operator announcing that the phone line is unreachable . Beyoncé appears in the middle of the song , singing the verses in a rapid-fire way , accompanied by double beats .   The song received positive reviews from critics who frequently noted `` Telephone '' as a stand-out track from The Fame Monster . It was Grammy-nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals in 2011 . `` Telephone '' charted in a number of countries due to digital sales following the album 's release , namely in the United States , Australia , Canada , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Sweden and Hungary . The song was particularly successful in Europe where it reached the top of the charts in Belgium , Denmark , Hungary , Ireland , Norway and the United Kingdom . According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry , the single sold 7.4 million digital copies worldwide in 2010 , making it one of Gaga 's best-selling singles .   The accompanying music video is a continuation of the video for her 2009 song , `` Paparazzi '' , and is also shot as a short film . After Gaga gets bailed out of prison by Beyoncé , they go to a diner and poison the guests having breakfast . After the homicide they escape and end up in a high-speed police chase . The video referenced Quentin Tarantino and his films Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) and Kill Bill : Volume 1 ( 2003 ) . The video received generally positive reviews was nominated for three awards at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards , including one for Video of the Year . In January 2015 Billboard named it the best video of the first half of the decade . In memory of Alexander McQueen , Gaga performed an acoustic rendition of `` Telephone '' mixed with `` Dance in the Dark '' at the 2010 BRIT Awards . It was also added to the set list of The Monster Ball Tour in 2010 , the Born This Way Ball in 2012 and ArtRave : The Artpop Ball in 2014 .
Query: In some cultures, money is given away instead of candy when Trick-or-Treating.

Relevant passages:
Trick-or-treating <=SEP=> Trick-or-treating is a Halloween custom for children in many countries . Children in costumes travel from house to house asking for treats such as candy ( or , in some cultures , money ) with the phrase `` Trick or treat '' . The `` trick '' is a ( usually idle ) threat to perform mischief on the homeowners or their property if no treat is given to them .  It typically happens during the evening of October 31 . Some homeowners signal that they are willing to hand out treats , for example by putting up Halloween decorations outside their door . Others might simply leave treats on their porch .   In North America , trick-or-treating has been a Halloween tradition since the late 1920s . In Britain and Ireland the tradition of going house-to-house collecting food at Halloween goes back at least as far as the 16th century , as had the tradition of people wearing costumes at Halloween . In 19th century Britain and Ireland , there are many accounts of people going house-to-house in costume at Halloween , reciting verses in exchange for food , and sometimes warning of misfortune if they were not welcomed . The Scottish Halloween custom of `` guising '' -- children disguised in costume going from house to house for food or money -- is first recorded in North America in 1911 . While going house-to-house in costume has remained popular among Scots and Irish , the custom of saying `` trick or treat '' has only recently become common . The activity is prevalent in the United States , Canada , the United Kingdom , the Republic of Ireland , Puerto Rico , and northwestern and central Mexico . In the latter , this practice is called calaverita ( Spanish for `` little skull '' ) , and instead of `` trick or treat '' , the children ask ¿ me da mi calaverita ? ( `` can you give me my little skull ? '' ) where a calaverita is a small skull made of sugar or chocolate .
Query: Super Bowl XLV was played in Springfield, Massachusetts.

Relevant passages:
Super Bowl XLV <=SEP=> Super Bowl XLV was an American football game between the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Green Bay Packers to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 2010 season . The Packers defeated the Steelers by the score of 31 -- 25 . The game was played on February 6 , 2011 , at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington , Texas , the first time the Super Bowl was played in the Dallas -- Fort Worth area .   Unlike other matchups , this game featured two title-abundant franchises : coming into the game , the Packers held the most NFL championships with 12 ( 9 league championships prior to the Super Bowl era and 3 Super Bowl championships ) , while the Steelers held the most Super Bowl championships with 6 . The Packers entered their fifth Super Bowl in team history , and became the first number 6-seeded team in the NFC to compete in the Super Bowl , after posting a 10 -- 6 regular season record . The Steelers finished the regular season with a 12 -- 4 record , and advanced to a league-tying 8th Super Bowl appearance .   Green Bay dominated most of the first half of Super Bowl XLV , jumping to a 21 -- 3 lead before Pittsburgh cut it down to 21 -- 10 just before halftime . Then after the teams exchanged touchdowns , the Steelers pulled within 28 -- 25 midway through the fourth quarter with wide receiver Mike Wallace 's 25-yard touchdown reception from quarterback Ben Roethlisberger and a two-point conversion . But the Packers answered with Mason Crosby 's 23-yard field goal with 2:07 remaining , and then prevented the Steelers from scoring on their final drive of the game . Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers was named Super Bowl MVP , completing 24 of 39 passes for 304 yards and three touchdowns .   The broadcast of Super Bowl XLV on Fox averaged about 111 million viewers , breaking the record for the most-watched program in American television history . The game 's attendance was 103,219 , just short of the Super Bowl record 103,985 set in Super Bowl XIV at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California . The halftime show featured the American hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas , with additional performances by Usher and Slash .
Query: Physics is an academic discipline.

Relevant passages:
Physics <=SEP=> Physics ( from -LSB- φυσική , phusikḗ ( epistḗmē ) , knowledge of nature -RSB- , from φύσις phúsis `` nature '' ) is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion and behavior through space and time , along with related concepts such as energy and force . One of the most fundamental scientific disciplines , the main goal of physics is to understand how the universe behaves .   Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines , perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy . Over the last two millennia , physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry , biology , and certain branches of mathematics , but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century , the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right . Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research , such as biophysics and quantum chemistry , and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined . New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy .   Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs . For example , advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society , such as television , computers , domestic appliances , and nuclear weapons ; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization , and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus .   The United Nations named 2005 the World Year of Physics .
Query: Heath Ledger only won awards while he was alive.

Relevant passages:
Heath Ledger <=SEP=> Heathcliff Andrew Ledger ( 4 April 197922 January 2008 ) was an Australian actor and director . After performing roles in several Australian television and film productions during the 1990s , Ledger left for the United States in 1998 to develop his film career . His work comprised nineteen films , including 10 Things I Hate About You ( 1999 ) , The Patriot ( 2000 ) , A Knight 's Tale ( 2001 ) , Monster 's Ball ( 2001 ) , Lords of Dogtown ( 2005 ) , Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ) , The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) , and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , the latter two being posthumous releases . He also produced and directed music videos and aspired to be a film director .   For his portrayal of Ennis Del Mar in Brokeback Mountain , Ledger won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and Best International Actor from the Australian Film Institute , and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Posthumously he shared the 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with the rest of the ensemble cast , the director , and the casting director for the film I 'm Not There , which was inspired by the life and songs of American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan . In the film , Ledger portrayed a fictional actor named Robbie Clark , one of six characters embodying aspects of Dylan 's life and persona .   Ledger died on 22 January 2008 from an accidental intoxication from prescription drugs . A few months before his death , Ledger had finished filming his performance as the Joker in The Dark Knight . His death occurred during editing of The Dark Knight and in the midst of filming his last role as Tony in The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus . His untimely death cast a shadow over the subsequent promotion of the $ 185 million Batman production . Ledger received numerous posthumous accolades for his critically acclaimed performance in the film , including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , a Best Actor International Award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards ( for which he became the first actor to win an award posthumously ) , the 2008 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor , the 2009 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture , and the 2009 BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor .
Query: Vincent D'Onofrio is the winner of a Saturn Award.

Relevant passages:
Vincent D'Onofrio <=SEP=> Vincent Philip D'Onofrio ( born June 30 , 1959 ) is an American actor , producer , and singer .   He is known for his roles as Private Leonard Lawrence ( `` Gomer Pyle '' ) in Stanley Kubrick 's war film Full Metal Jacket ( 1987 ) , Wilson Fisk in the Netflix series Daredevil , Det. Robert Goren in Law & Order : Criminal Intent , Edgar/the Bug in Men in Black ( 1997 ) , and Vic Hoskins in Jurassic World ( 2015 ) . Among other honors , D'Onofrio is a Saturn Award winner and an Emmy Award nominee .
Query: The Independent Spirit Awards are held in a parking lot.

Relevant passages:
Independent Spirit Awards <=SEP=> The Film Independent Spirit Awards ( abbreviated `` Spirit Awards '' and originally known as the FINDIE or Friends of Independents Awards ) , founded in 1984 , are awards dedicated to independent filmmakers . Winners were typically presented with acrylic glass pyramids containing suspended shoestrings representing the paltry budgets of independent films . In 1986 , the event was renamed the Independent Spirit Awards . Since 2006 , winners have received a trophy depicting a bird with its wings spread sitting atop of a pole with the shoestrings from the previous design wrapped around the pole .   Now called the Film Independent Spirit Awards , the show is produced by Film Independent , the non-profit arts organization whose mission is to champion creative independence in visual storytelling and support a community of artists who embody diversity , innovation and uniqueness of vision . Film Independent Members vote to determine the winners of the Spirit Awards .   The awards show is held inside a tent on the beach in Santa Monica , California , usually on the day before the Academy Awards ( since 1999 ; originally the Saturday before ) . The show is broadcast live on the IFC network , as well as Hollywood Suite in Canada and A&E Latin America .   The 32nd Independent Spirit Awards ceremony , hosted by Nick Kroll and John Mulaney , was broadcast live on IFC on Saturday , February 25 at 2p/5e with an on-demand version available on Sundance Now .