Query: invented telescope

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Achromatic telescope <=SEP=> The achromatic telescope is a refracting telescope that uses an achromatic lens to correct for chromatic aberration.

Aerial telescope <=SEP=> An aerial telescope is a type of very long focal length refracting telescope, built in the second half of the 17th century, that did not use a tube. Instead, the objective was mounted on a pole, tree, tower, building or other structure on a swivel ball-joint. The observer stood on the ground and held the eyepiece, which was connected to the objective by a string or connecting rod.

Amateur telescope making <=SEP=> Amateur telescope making is the activity of building telescopes as a hobby, as opposed to being a paid professional. Amateur telescope makers (sometimes called ATMs) build their instruments for personal enjoyment of a technical challenge, as a way to obtain an inexpensive or personally customized telescope, or as a research tool in the field of astronomy. Amateur telescope makers are usually a sub-group in the field of amateur astronomy.

Anton Kutter <=SEP=> Anton Kutter (born 13 June 1903 in Biberach an der Riß, died 1 February 1985 in Biberach) was a German film director and screenwriter. He studied mechanical engineering at Stuttgart Technical University.In 1926 Kutter went to Cologne and joined the Phototechnical Laboratory, and created his first films the same year. From 1931 to 1947 he worked for the Bavaria Film in Munich.

Baden-Powell's Unilens <=SEP=> The Unilens  is a very simple and handy telescope that was invented by Major Baden-Powell. The Invention is thoroughly practical, and with it a large view of distant objects may be obtained, the maximum magnification being about four diameters.The lens has the great advantage of always being in focus and it is a useful aid to the natural sight in the examination of hanging pictures, the architectural features of buildings, and similar objects.

Bahtinov mask <=SEP=> The Bahtinov mask is a device used to focus small astronomical telescopes accurately.It was invented by Russian amateur astrophotographer Pavel Bahtinov in 2005 (http://www.astronomy.ru/forum/index.php/topic,10421.0.html). Accurate focusing of telescopes and astrographs is particularly of concern to those involved in astrophotography.The telescope is pointed at a bright star, and a mask is placed in front of the telescope's objective (e.g.

Bernhard Schmidt <=SEP=> Bernhard Woldemar Schmidt (11 April [O.S. 30 March] 1879 on Naissaar, Estonia, Russian Empire – 1 December 1935 in Hamburg, Germany) was a German optician. In 1930 he invented the Schmidt telescope which corrected for the optical errors of spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism, making possible for the first time the construction of very large, wide-angled reflective cameras of short exposure time for astronomical research.

Bolometer <=SEP=> A bolometer (Greek: βολόμετρον "bolometron", meaning measurer (-μετρον)  of thrown things (βολο-) ) is a device for measuring the power of incident electromagnetic radiation via the heating of a material with a temperature-dependent electrical resistance. It was invented in 1878 by the American astronomer Samuel Pierpont Langley. The name comes from the Greek word bole (βολή), for something thrown, as with a ray of light.

Celatone <=SEP=> The celatone was a device invented by Galileo Galilei to observe Jupiter's moons with the purpose of finding longitude on Earth.  It took the form of a piece of headgear with a telescope taking the place of an eyehole.

Crayford focuser <=SEP=> The Crayford focuser is a simplified focusing mechanism for amateur astronomical telescopes. Crayford focusers are considered superior to entry-level rack and pinion focusers,  normally found in this type of device. Instead of the rack and pinion, they have a smooth spring-loaded shaft which holds the focus tube against four opposing bearing surfaces, and controls its movement.

ESO 3.6 m Telescope <=SEP=> The ESO 3.6 m Telescope is an optical reflecting telescope run by the European Southern Observatory at La Silla Observatory, Chile since 1977, with a clear aperture of about 3.6 metres (140 in) and 8.6 m2 (93 sq ft) area. The telescopes uses the HARPS instrument and has discovered more than 130 exoplanets. In 2012, it discovered Alpha Centauri Bb, a possible planet in the Alpha Centauri system only 4.4 light-years away.It received an overhaul in 1999 and a new secondary  in 2004.

Edward Troughton <=SEP=> Edward Troughton FRS (October 1753 – 12 June 1835) was a British instrument maker who was notable for making telescopes and other astronomical instruments.Troughton was born at Corney, Cumberland.

Fast Fourier Transform Telescope <=SEP=> Fast Fourier Transform Telescope is Tegmark and Zaldarriaga's name for a design for an all-digital synthetic-aperture telescope. It is a type of interferometer designed to be cheaper than standard telescope interferometers currently in use.In 1868, Hippolyte Fizeau realized that the lenses and mirrors in a telescope perform a physical approximation of a Fourier transform.

First to file and first to invent <=SEP=> First to file  (FTF) and first to invent (FTI) are legal concepts that define who has the right to the grant of a patent for an invention.  The first-to-file system is used in all countries, including the United States, which switched to a first-inventor-to-file (FITF) system on March 16, 2013 after the enactment of the America Invents Act.  There is an important difference between the strict nature of the FTF under the EPO and the FITF system of the USPTO.

Floating collimator <=SEP=> Floating collimator was an early collimator widely used in astronomical observations. It was invented by an English physicist and astronomer Captain Henry Kater; he reported about his invention to the Royal Society in January, 1825.His collimator was meant to replace a level, or plumb-line, in astronomical observations, and to furnish a ready and perfectly exact method of determining the position of the horizontal or zenith point on the limb of a circle or zenith sector.

Frank J. Low <=SEP=> Frank James Low (November 23, 1933 – June 11, 2009) was a solid state physicist who became a leader in the new field of infrared astronomy, after inventing the gallium doped germanium bolometer in 1961. This detector extended the range of the observable spectrum to much longer wavelengths.

Galileo (1974 film) <=SEP=> Galileo is a 1974 biographical film about the 17th century scientist Galileo Galilei, whose astronomical observations with the newly invented telescope led to a profound conflict with the Roman Catholic Church. The film is an adaptation of Bertolt Brecht's play of the same name. The film was produced and released as part of the American Film Theatre, which adapted several plays for a subscription-driven series of films from 1973 to 1975.

George Dollond <=SEP=> George Dollond (June 10, 1774 – November 30, 1852) was an English optician who constructed optical precision instruments used in astronomy, geodesy and also in navigation. Together with Peter Barlow, he also invented an afocal system to extend the focal length of telescopes, called the Barlow lens.He was born in London, the nephew of the famous optician Peter Dollond. He was the son of John Dolland's daughter, Susan (or Susanne) (1728–1798) who married William Huggins.

George N. Saegmuller <=SEP=> George N. Saegmuller (1847 - 1934) was a German-born American inventor of many astronomical instruments and other mechanical devices. He attended technical schools in Erlangen and Nuremberg.  In 1870 he moved to the United States, where he settled in Washington, DC and began working for a craftsman involved in the production of astronomical and geodetic instruments.

Golden age of physics <=SEP=> A Golden age of physics appears to have been delineated for certain periods of progress in the physics sciences, and this includes the previous and current developments of cosmology and astronomy. Each "golden age" introduces significant advancements in theoretical and experimental methods. Discernible time periods marking a "golden age" of advancements are, for example, the development of mechanics under Galileo (1564–1642) and Newton (1642–1727).

Graphic telescope <=SEP=> The graphic telescope is a type of camera lucida that has the power of a telescope. It was invented by Cornelius Varley in 1811.

Great Observatories program <=SEP=> NASA's series of Great Observatories satellites are four large, powerful space-based telescopes. The four missions were designed to examine a specific region of the electromagnetic spectrum using very  different technologies. Dr. Charles Pellerin, NASA's Director, Astrophysics invented and developed the program during 1994.

Gregorian telescope <=SEP=> The Gregorian telescope is a type of reflecting telescope designed by Scottish mathematician and astronomer James Gregory in the 17th century, and first built in 1673 by Robert Hooke. The design pre-dates the first practical reflecting telescope, the Newtonian telescope, built by Sir Isaac Newton in 1668, but was not successfully built until five years after Newton's first reflecting telescope.

Hans Lippershey <=SEP=> Hans Lippershey (1570 – buried 29 September 1619), also known as Johann Lippershey or Lipperhey, was a German-Dutch spectacle-maker. He is commonly associated with the invention of the telescope, although it is unclear if he was the first to build one.

Heinrich Erfle <=SEP=> Heinrich Erfle (born April 1, 1884, in Durkheim, died April 8, 1923, in Jena) was a German optician who spent most of his career at Carl Zeiss. In 1917 he invented the first wide-field eyepieces for telescopes and binoculars. During his short life he developed a number of new designs for telescopes and eyepieces.

Heinrich Göbel <=SEP=> Heinrich Göbel, later Henry Goebel (April 20, 1818 – December 4, 1893), born in Springe, Germany, was a precision mechanic and inventor. In 1848 he emigrated to New York City, where he resided until his death. He received American citizenship in 1865.In 1893, magazines and newspapers reported 25 years earlier, Göbel had developed incandescent light bulbs comparable to those invented in 1879 by Thomas Alva Edison.

Henry Hindley <=SEP=> Henry Hindley (1701–1771) was an 18th-century clockmaker, watchmaker and maker of scientific instruments. He invented a screw-cutting lathe, a fuse-cutting engine and an improved wheel-cutting engine and made one of the first dividing engines, for the construction of accurately-graduated arcs on scientific instruments.

History of the telescope <=SEP=> The earliest known working telescopes appeared in 1608 and are credited to Hans Lippershey. Among many others who claimed to have made the discovery were Zacharias Janssen, a spectacle-maker in Middelburg, and Jacob Metius of Alkmaar. The design of these early refracting telescopes consisted of a convex objective lens and a concave eyepiece. Galileo used this design the following year.

Howard Grubb <=SEP=> Sir Howard Grubb FRS (1844-1931) was an optical designer from Dublin, Ireland. He was head of a family firm that made large optical telescopes, telescope drive controls, and other optical instruments. He is also noted for his work to perfect the periscope and inventing the reflector sight.

Infrared telescope <=SEP=> An infrared telescope is a telescope that uses infrared light to detect celestial bodies.Infrared light is one of several types of radiation present in the electromagnetic spectrum.All celestial objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit some form of electromagnetic radiation. In order to study the universe, scientists use several different types of telescopes to detect these different types of emitted radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Invented here <=SEP=> Invented here is an opposite of "not invented here" and occurs when management of an organisation is uncomfortable with innovation or development conducted in-house. Reasons why this might be the case are varied, and range from a lack of confidence in the staff within the organisation to a desire to have a third party to blame in the event that a project fails.

Inventing Myself (song) <=SEP=> "Inventing Myself" is a single by recording artist Stan Walker from his fourth studio album Inventing Myself.

Isaac Newton Telescope <=SEP=> The Isaac Newton Telescope or INT is a 2.54 m (100 in.) optical telescope run by the ING at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma in the Canary Islands since 1984.Originally it was situated at Herstmonceux Castle in Sussex, England, which was the site of the Royal Greenwich Observatory after it moved away from Greenwich due to light pollution.  It was inaugurated in 1967 by Queen Elizabeth II.

James Gregory Telescope <=SEP=> The James Gregory Telescope was constructed in 1962 by the University of St Andrews.

James Webb Space Telescope <=SEP=> The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), previously known as Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST), is a space observatory under construction and scheduled to launch in October 2018. The JWST will offer unprecedented resolution and sensitivity from long-wavelength visible to the mid-infrared, and is a successor instrument to the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope.

John Browning <=SEP=> John Moses Browning (January 23, 1855 – November 26, 1926), born in Ogden, Utah, was an American firearms designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms, many of which are still in use around the world. He is regarded as one of the most successful firearms designers of the 20th century, in the development of modern automatic and semi-automatic firearms, and is credited with 128 gun patents.

Lamp At Midnight <=SEP=> Lamp At Midnight is a play that was written by Barrie Stavis, and first produced in 1947 at New Stages, New York. The play treats the 17th Century Galileo affair, which was a profound conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and Galileo Galilei over the interpretation of his astronomical observations using the newly invented telescope. By coincidence, Bertolt Brecht's play on the same theme, Galileo, opened in New York just a few weeks before Lamp at Midnight.

Liquid mirror telescope <=SEP=> Liquid mirror telescopes are telescopes with mirrors made with a reflective liquid. The most common liquid used is mercury, but other liquids will work as well (for example, low melting alloys of gallium). The liquid and its container are rotated at a constant speed around a vertical axis, which causes the surface of the liquid to assume a paraboloidal shape, suitable for use as the primary mirror of a reflecting telescope.

List of large optical telescopes <=SEP=> List of large optical reflecting telescopes. For telescopes larger than 3 meters in aperture see List of largest optical reflecting telescopes. This list combines large or expensive reflecting telescopes from any era, as what constitutes famous reflector has changed over time. In 1900 a 1-meter reflector would be among the largest in the world, but by 2000, would be relatively common for professional observatories.

List of largest optical reflecting telescopes <=SEP=> This list of the largest optical reflecting telescopes with objective diameters of 3.0 metres (120 in) or greater is sorted by aperture, which is one limit on the light-gathering power and resolution of a reflecting telescope's optical assembly. The mirrors themselves can be larger than the aperture, and telescopes may use aperture synthesis achieved by interferometry.

List of largest optical telescopes in the 20th century <=SEP=> The following is a list of the largest optical telescope of the 20th century with a focus on objective diameters. Aperture rank currently goes approximately by the usable physical aperture size and not by aperture synthesis, although interferometers attained some of the highest angular resolutions at visible and infrared wavelengths compared to traditional telescopes.

List of telescope types <=SEP=> The following are lists of devices categorized as types of telescopes or devices associated with telescopes. They are broken into major classifications with many variations due to professional, amateur, and commercial sub-types. Telescopes can be classified by optical design or mechanical design/construction. Telescopes can also be classified by where they are placed, such as space telescopes.

Lyman Spitzer <=SEP=> Lyman Strong Spitzer, Jr. (June 26, 1914 – March 31, 1997) was an American theoretical physicist, astronomer and mountaineer. As a scientist, he carried out research into star formation, plasma physics, and in 1946, conceived the idea of telescopes operating in outer space. Spitzer invented the stellarator plasma device and is the namesake of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. As a mountaineer, he made the first ascent of Mount Thor with David Morton.

Maksutov telescope <=SEP=> The Maksutov is a catadioptric telescope design that combines a spherical mirror with a  weakly negative meniscus lens in a design that takes advantage of all the surfaces being nearly "spherically symmetrical". The negative lens is usually full diameter and placed at the entrance pupil of the telescope (commonly called a "corrector plate" or "meniscus corrector shell").

Mangin mirror <=SEP=> In optics, a Mangin mirror is a negative meniscus lens with the reflective surface on the rear side of the glass forming a curved mirror that reflects light without spherical aberration. This reflector was invented in 1876 by a French officer Alphonse Mangin  as an improved catadioptric reflector for search lights and is also used in other optical devices.

Marc Kuchner <=SEP=> Marc Kuchner (born August 7, 1972) is an American astrophysicist, a staff member at  NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) known for work on images and imaging of disks and exoplanets. Together with Wesley Traub, he invented the band-limited  coronagraph, a design for the proposed Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) telescope, also to be used on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Mark Serrurier <=SEP=> Mark Serrurier (12 May 1904, Pasadena, California - 14 February 1988) is the son of Dutch-born electrical engineer, Iwan Serrurier, who created the Moviola in 1924 which became the technology used for film editing. Mark was a graduate of Caltech and went on to work on designs for the Mt. Palomar 200 inch (5 m) Hale telescope. The pioneering truss design he invented for that instrument's massive tube structure (the "Serrurier truss") is still used today in large telescope designs.

Mercury silvering <=SEP=> Mercury silvering or fire gilding is a silvering technique for applying a thin layer of precious metal such as silver or gold (mercury gilding) to a base metal object. The process was invented during the Middle Ages and is documented in Vannoccio Biringuccio's 1540 book De la pirotechnia. An amalgam of mercury and the precious metal is prepared and applied to the object which is then heated, sometimes in oil, vaporizing most of the mercury.

Nasmyth telescope <=SEP=> The Nasmyth telescope, also called Nasmyth–Cassegrain or Cassegrain–Nasmyth, is a reflecting telescope developed by James Nasmyth. It is a modified form of a Cassegrain telescope, with light reflected sideways before reaching the primary mirror again.

Newtonian telescope <=SEP=> The Newtonian telescope is a type of reflecting telescope invented by the British scientist Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727), using a concave primary mirror and a flat diagonal secondary mirror. Newton’s first reflecting telescope was completed in 1668 and is the earliest known functional reflecting telescope. The Newtonian telescope's simple design makes it very popular with amateur telescope makers.

Optical telescope <=SEP=> An optical telescope is a telescope that gathers and focuses light, mainly from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, to create a magnified image for direct view, or to make a photograph, or to collect data through electronic image sensors.There are three primary types of optical telescope: refractors, which use lenses (dioptrics) reflectors, which use mirrors (catoptrics) catadioptric telescopes, which combine lenses and mirrorsA telescope's light gathering power and ability to resolve small detail is directly related to the diameter (or aperture) of its objective (the primary lens or mirror that collects and focuses the light).

Parabolic antenna <=SEP=> A parabolic antenna is an antenna that uses a parabolic reflector, a curved surface with the cross-sectional shape of a parabola, to direct the radio waves. The most common form is shaped like a dish and is popularly called a dish antenna or parabolic dish. The main advantage of a parabolic antenna is that it has high directivity. It functions similarly to a searchlight or flashlight reflector to direct the radio waves in a narrow beam, or receive radio waves from one particular direction only.

Pictor <=SEP=> Pictor is a small faint constellation in the Southern Celestial Hemisphere, located between the brilliant star Canopus and the Large Magellanic Cloud. Latin for painter, its name is an abbreviation of the older name Equuleus Pictoris (the "painter's easel"). Normally represented as an easel, Pictor was invented and named by Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century.

Reflecting telescope <=SEP=> A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is an optical telescope which uses a single or combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image. The reflecting telescope was invented in the 17th century as an alternative to the refracting telescope which, at that time, was a design that suffered from severe chromatic aberration. Although reflecting telescopes produce other types of optical aberrations, it is a design that allows for very large diameter objectives.

Refracting telescope <=SEP=> A refracting or refractor telescope is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image (also referred to a dioptric telescope). The refracting telescope design was originally used in spy glasses and astronomical telescopes but is also used for long focus camera lenses.

Ritchey–Chrétien telescope <=SEP=> A Ritchey–Chrétien telescope (RCT or simply RC) is a specialized Cassegrain telescope invented in the early 20th century that has a hyperbolic primary mirror and a hyperbolic secondary mirror designed to eliminate optical errors (coma). They have large field of view free of optical errors compared to a more conventional reflecting telescope configuration. Since the mid 20th century most large professional research telescopes have been Ritchey–Chrétien configurations.

Robotic telescope <=SEP=> A robotic telescope is an astronomical telescope and detector system that makes observations without the intervention of a human. In astronomical disciplines, a telescope qualifies as robotic if it makes those observations without being operated by a human, even if a human has to initiate the observations at the beginning of the night, or end them in the morning. A robotic telescope is distinct from a remote telescope, though an instrument can be both robotic and remote.

Schmidt corrector plate <=SEP=> A Schmidt corrector plate is an aspheric lens which is designed to correct the spherical aberration in the spherical primary mirror it is combined with. It was invented by Bernhard Schmidt in 1931, although it may have been independently invented by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä in 1924 (sometimes called the Schmidt-Väisälä camera).

Sciothericum telescopicum <=SEP=> Sciothericum telescopicum was a sundial (sciothericum) that incorporated a telescope (telescopicum) for greater accuracy in determining exactly when noon occurred.  It was invented by William Molyneux in Ireland in 1686.  The device used a telescopic site to determine the position of the center of the sun relative to a double gnomon and could thus determine the time of noon to within 15 seconds. The improved accuracy was important for geography, navigation and astronomy calculations.

Spectrograph <=SEP=> A spectrograph  is an instrument that separates light into a frequency spectrum and records the signal using a camera. There are several kinds of machines referred to as spectrographs, depending on the precise nature of the waves. The term was first used in July, 1876 by Dr. Henry Draper when he invented the earliest version of this device, and which he used to take several photographs of the spectrum of Vega.

Telescope <=SEP=> A telescope is an instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light). The first known practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century, using glass lenses. They found use in terrestrial applications and astronomy.Within a few decades, the reflecting telescope was invented, which used mirrors.

Thirty Meter Telescope <=SEP=> The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is an astronomical observatory with an Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) that has become the source of controversy over its planned location on Mauna Kea in the state of Hawaii.Scientists have been considering ELTs since the mid 1980s. In 2000, astronomers considered the possibility of a telescope with a light-gathering mirror larger than 20 meters in diameter.

Thomas Thorp (scientific instrument manufacturer) <=SEP=> Thomas Thorp (1850–1914) was an English manufacturer of scientific instruments credited with inventing the first practical coin-in-the-slot gas meter, with innovations in the field of photography, including that involving colour, and for producing an early example of what has since been developed into the modern spectrohelioscope.

Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) <=SEP=> A timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Progressive Era to the end of World War II, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.

Timeline of microscope technology <=SEP=> Timeline of microscope technology c2000 BCE - The Chinese use water microscopes made of a lens and a water-filled tube to visualize the unseen. Up to 612 BCE - The Assyrians manufacture the world's oldest surviving lenses. 1267 Roger Bacon explains the principles of the lens and proposes the idea of telescope and microscope.

Tom Johnson (astronomer) <=SEP=> Thomas Jasper Johnson or Tom Johnson (January 11, 1923 – March 13, 2012) was an American electronics engineer and astronomer who founded Celestron, a company which manufacturers telescopes, which revolutionized the amateur astronomy industry and hobby. Sky & Telescope magazine has called him, "among the most important figures shaping the last half century of amateur astronomy."Johnson was born in 1923.

Very Large Telescope <=SEP=> The Very Large Telescope (VLT) is a telescope operated by the European Southern Observatory on Cerro Paranal in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. The VLT consists of four individual telescopes, each with a primary mirror 8.2 m across, which are generally used separately but can be used together to achieve very high angular resolution. The four separate optical telescopes are known as Antu, Kueyen, Melipal and Yepun, which are all words for astronomical objects in the Mapuche language.

Wootton, Kent <=SEP=> Wootton is a village near Dover in Kent, England.  Birthplace of the  mathematician and surveyor Leonard Digges who some claim invented a functioning telescope sometime between 1540 and 1559.It once had a Baptist chapel, linked to the Eythorne Baptist Church group.

Zacharias Janssen <=SEP=> Zacharias Janssen (also Zacharias Jansen or  Sacharias Jansen) (1585 – pre-1632) was a Dutch spectacle-maker from Middelburg associated with the invention of the first optical telescope. Janssen is sometimes also credited for inventing the first truly compound microscope. However, the origin of the microscope, just like the origin of the telescope, is a matter of debate.

Zenith telescope <=SEP=> A zenith telescope is a type of telescope that is designed to point straight up at or near the zenith. They are used for precision measurement of star positions, to simplify telescope construction, or both. A classic zenith telescope, also known as a zenith sector employs a strong altazimuth mount, fitted with levelling screws. Extremely sensitive levels are attached to the telescope mount to make angle measurements and the telescope has an eyepiece fitted with a micrometer.