Query: Which country has the most official languages?

Relevant passages:
...And the Ever Expanding Universe <=SEP=> ...And the Ever Expanding Universe is the third studio album by Canadian indie rock band The Most Serene Republic, released on July 14, 2009. The album title, track listing, and release date were all revealed by the band through their Arts & Crafts label on April 20, 2009. The album was produced and mixed by David Newfeld who also cowrites and performs on the release.

An Uneventful Story <=SEP=> An Uneventful Story (Polish: Nieciekawa historia) is a 1986 Polish film directed by Wojciech Jerzy Has, starring Gustaw Holoubek. The film is an adaptation of a short story by Anton Chekhov and tells the story of a professor of medicine who begins an affair with a young pupil.

Aosta Valley <=SEP=> The Aosta Valley (Italian: Valle d'Aosta [ˈvalle d aˈɔsta] (official) or Val d'Aosta (usual); French: Vallée d'Aoste [vale d aɔst]/[vale d ɔst] (official) or Val d'Aoste (usual); Arpitan: Val d'Outa) is a mountainous semi-autonomous region in northwestern Italy.

Arab world <=SEP=> The Arab world (Arabic: العالم العربي‎ al-ʿālam al-ʿarabī; formally: الوطن العربي al-wațan al-ʿarabī), also known as the Arab Nation (الأمة العربية al-ʾummah al-ʿarabīah), consists of the 22 Arabic-speaking countries of the Arab League.The standard definition of the Arab world comprises the 22 countries and territories of the Arab League.

Arabic <=SEP=> Arabic /ˈærəbɪk/ (Arabic: العَرَبِية‎, al-ʻarabiyyah [alʕaraˈbijja] or Arabic: عربي ,عربى‎ ʻarabī [ˈʕarabiː]) is the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century and its modern descendants excluding Maltese. Arabic is spoken in a wide arc stretching across Western Asia, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. Arabic belongs to the Afroasiatic family.The literary language, called Modern Standard Arabic or Literary Arabic, is the only official form of Arabic.

Assamese language <=SEP=> Assamese or Asamiya (অসমীয়া Ôxômiya) is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language used mainly in the state of Assam, where it is an official language. The easternmost of the Indo-Aryan languages, it is spoken by over 13 million native speakers, and serves as a lingua franca in the region.  It is also spoken in parts of Arunachal Pradesh and other northeast Indian states. Nagamese, an Assamese-based Creole language is widely used in Nagaland and parts of Assam.

Balearic Islands <=SEP=> The Balearic Islands (English /ˌbæliˈærɨk ˈaɪləndz/; Catalan: Illes Balears [ˈiʎəz βəɫəˈas]; Spanish: Islas Baleares [ˈislas βaleˈaɾes]) are an archipelago of Spain in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.The four largest islands are Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza and Formentera. There are many minor islands and islets in close proximity to the larger islands, including Cabrera, Dragonera and S'Espalmador.

Basque Country (autonomous community) <=SEP=> The Basque Country (/ˈbæsk/, /ˈbɑːsk/; Basque: Euskadi [eus̺kadi]; Spanish: País Vasco [paˈiz ˈβasko]; French: Pays Basque) is an autonomous community of northern Spain. It includes the Basque provinces of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa.The Basque Country or Basque Autonomous Community was granted the status of nationality within Spain, attributed by the Spanish Constitution of 1978.

Basque Country women's national football team <=SEP=> The Basque Country women's football team (officially, in Basque, Euskal Herriko emakumezkoen futbol selekzioa) is considered the national team of the Basque Country greater region. It is organised by the Basque Football Federation (Euskadiko Futbol Federakundea). It is not affiliated with FIFA or UEFA and therefore it is only allowed to play friendly matches.

Catalan language <=SEP=> Catalan (/ˈkætəlæn/; autonym: català [kətəˈɫa] or [kataˈɫa]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community (where the language is known as Valencian, and there exist regional standards).

Catalonia <=SEP=> Catalonia (/kætəˈloʊniə/; Catalan: Catalunya; Occitan: Catalonha;  Spanish: Cataluña) is an autonomous community of Spain and designated a "historical nationality" by its Statute of Autonomy. Catalonia consists of four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona.

Commissioner of Official Languages <=SEP=> A Commissioner of Official Languages is an official head of an office that is responsible for dealing with matters  regarding a country's policy towards its Official Languages. Most commonly found in commonwealth countries.

Comorian language <=SEP=> Comorian (Shikomori or Shimasiwa, the "language of islands") is the most widely used language on the Comoros (independent islands in the Indian Ocean, off Mozambique and Madagascar) and Mayotte. It is a set of Sabaki dialects but with less Arabic influence than standard Swahili.

Czech language <=SEP=> Czech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/bəʊˈhiːmɪən/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language spoken by over 10 million people. It is the official language in the Czech Republic (where most of its speakers live), and has minority language status in Slovakia. Czech's closest relative is Slovak, with which it is mutually intelligible.

English language <=SEP=> English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca. It is an official language of almost 60 sovereign states, the most commonly spoken language in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand, and a widely spoken language in countries in the Caribbean, Africa, and South Asia. It is the third most common native language in the world, after Mandarin and Spanish.

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina <=SEP=> The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, Cyrillic script: Федерација Босне и Херцеговине; pronounced [federǎːt͡sija bôsneː i xěrt͡segoʋineː]) is one of the two political entities that compose Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Republika Srpska. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of 10 autonomous cantons having their own governments.

French language <=SEP=> French (le français [lə fʁɑ̃sɛ] or la langue française [la lɑ̃ɡ fʁɑ̃sɛz]) is a Romance language, belonging to the Indo-European family. It descended from the spoken Latin language of the Roman Empire, as did languages such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian, Catalan and others. French has evolved from Gallo-Romance, the spoken Latin in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul.

Friesland <=SEP=> Friesland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈfrislɑnt]; West Frisian: Fryslân [ˈfrislɔ̃ːn]) or Frisia is a province in the northwest of the Netherlands. It is situated west of Groningen, northwest of Drenthe and Overijssel, north of Flevoland, northeast of North Holland, and south of the North Sea.

Frisian literature <=SEP=> Frisian literature is works written in the Frisian languages, particularly that of West Frisian spoken in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands, from which most texts were produced or have survived.  The first texts written in Frisian emerge around the 13th century.  Frisian as a written language has for the most part historically been secondary to Dutch and Latin for all official purposes.

Guarani language <=SEP=> Guarani (/ˈɡwɑrəniː/ or /ɡwærəˈniː/), specifically the primary variety known as Paraguayan Guarani (endonym avañe'ẽ [aʋãɲẽˈʔẽ] 'the people's language'), is an indigenous language of South America that belongs to the Tupi–Guarani subfamily of the Tupian languages. It is one of the official languages of Paraguay (along with Spanish), where it is spoken by the majority of the population, and where half of the rural population is monolingual.

Gujarati language <=SEP=> Gujarati /ɡʊdʒəˈrɑːti/ (ગુજરાતી Gujarātī [ɡudʒəˈɾɑːt̪i]) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian state of Gujarat. It is part of the greater Indo-European language family. Gujarati is descended from Old Gujarati (circa 1100 – 1500 AD), which is derived from Sanskrit. In India, it is the chief language in the state of Gujarat, as well as an official language in the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

Indonesian language <=SEP=> Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia [baˈhasa indoneˈsia]) is the official language of Indonesia. It is a standardized register of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Most Indonesians also speak one of more than 700 indigenous languages.Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world.

Istria County <=SEP=> Istria County (/ˈɪstriə/; Croatian: Istarska županija; Italian: Regione istriana) is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula (2,820 km2 (1,089 sq mi) out of 3,160 km2 (1,220 sq mi), 89%). The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene. The county administrative center is Pazin and the regional anthem is "Krasna zemljo".

Ladonia (micronation) <=SEP=> Ladonia (Swedish: Ladonien) is a micronation, proclaimed in 1996 as the result of a years-long court battle between artist Lars Vilks and local authorities over two sculptures. The claimed territory is part of the natural reserve of Kullaberg in southern Sweden.

Language policy <=SEP=> Many countries have a language policy designed to favor or discourage the use of a particular language or set of languages.

Language policy in Latvia <=SEP=> Articles 4 and 114 of the Constitution of Latvia form the foundation for language policy in Latvia, declaring Latvian to be the official state language and affirming the  rights of ethnic minorities to preserve and develop their languages. Latvian, the Latgalian, and the Livonian language are considered indigenous and all other languages foreign, including Russian (the first language for more than one third of the population).

Languages of Afghanistan <=SEP=> Afghanistan is a multilingual country in which two languages – Pashto and Dari – are both official and most widely spoken. Dari is the official name of the Persian language in Afghanistan, it is often referred to as the Afghan Persian. Both Pashto and Persian are Indo-European languages from the Iranian languages sub-family.

Languages of Africa <=SEP=> There are 1,250 to 2,100 and by some counts over 3,000 languages spoken natively in Africa, in several major language families:Afroasiatic is spread throughout the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the SahelNilo-Saharan is centered on Sudan and Chad (disputed validity)Niger–Congo (Bantu and non-Bantu) covers West, Central, Southeast and Southern AfricaKhoe is concentrated in the deserts of Namibia and BotswanaAustronesian is spoken in Madagascar.Indo-European is spoken on the southern tip of the continent.There are several other small families and language isolates, as well as obscure languages that have yet to be classified.

Languages of Albania <=SEP=> Albania is an ethnically homogeneous country, where the overwhelming majority of the population speaks Albanian, which is also the official language. It has two distinct dialects: Tosk, spoken in the south, and Gheg, spoken in the north. However many Albanians speak Italian, Greek, French, German, English, amongst other languages too, due to the high numbers of Albanian diaspora.Albania is one of the most polyglot nations in Europe. Italian is widely spoken throughout Albania.

Languages of Algeria <=SEP=> The official language of Algeria is Modern Standard Arabic (literary Arabic), as specified in its constitution since 1963. In addition to this, Berber has been recognized as a "national language" by constitutional amendment since 8 May 2002. Algerian Arabic and Berber are the native languages of over 99% of Algerians, with Algerian Arabic spoken by about 72% and Berber by 27.4%.

Languages of Benin <=SEP=> Over fifty languages are spoken in Benin. Of those, French is the official language, and all the indigenous languages are considered national languages.Of the Beninese languages, Fon (a Gbe language) and Yoruba are the most important in the south of the country.

Languages of Bulgaria <=SEP=> The official language of Bulgaria is Bulgarian. According to the 2001 census, 84.5% of the country's population speak Bulgarian natively. The most significant minority languages are Turkish, spoken by 9.6% of the population, and Romani, which is spoken by 4.1%.

Languages of Burundi <=SEP=> The national language of Burundi is Kirundi. The official languages of Burundi are Kirundi and French. Swahili is also spoken. Education for deaf individuals uses American Sign Language, introduced by the deaf American missionary Andrew Foster. No other languages are spoken natively in any significant numbers.

Languages of Canada <=SEP=> A multitude of languages are used in Canada. According to the 2011 census, English and French are the mother tongues of 56.9% and 21.3% of Canadians respectively. Over 85% of Canadians have working knowledge of English while 30.1% have a working knowledge of French. Under the Official Languages Act of 1969, both English and French have official federal status throughout Canada, in respect of all government services, including the courts, and all federal legislation is enacted bilingually.

Languages of Cornwall <=SEP=> Even if no language is formally recognized as official in the ceremonial county of Cornwall, English is used for all official purposes. Cornish, which had been used as a primary language by Cornish people throughout most of its history, ceased to be spoken as community tongue in the late 17th century. However, it has been revived since 1904, with the publication of A Handbook of Cornish language, by Henry Jenner.

Languages of Ghana <=SEP=> Ghana is a multilingual country in which about eighty languages are spoken. Of these, English, which was inherited from the colonial era, is the official language and lingua franca. Of the languages indigenous to Ghana, Akan is the most widely spoken.Ghana has more than seventy tribal groups, each with its own distinct language. However, languages that belong to the same ethnic group are usually mutually intelligible.

Languages of Illinois <=SEP=> The official language of Illinois is English. Nearly 80% of the population speak English natively, and most others speak it fluently as a second language. The forms of American English spoken in Illinois range from Inland Northern near Chicago and the northern part of the state, to Midland and Southern dialects further downstate.  Illinois has speakers of many other languages, of which Spanish is by far the most widespread.

Languages of India <=SEP=> There are several languages in India belonging to different language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 75% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by most of the rest of Indians. Other languages spoken in India belong to the Austroasiatic, Tibeto-Burman, a few minor language families and isolates.

Languages of Indonesia <=SEP=> More than 700 living languages are spoken in Indonesia. Most belong to the Austronesian language family, with a few Papuan languages also spoken. The official language is Indonesian (locally known as Bahasa Indonesia),  a variant of Malay, which was used in the archipelago, — borrowing heavily from local languages of Indonesia such as Javanese, Sundanese and Minangkabau.

Languages of Iraq <=SEP=> There are a number of languages spoken in Iraq, but Mesopotamian Arabic (Iraqi Arabic) is by far the most widely spoken in the country.

Languages of Jersey <=SEP=> The Bailiwick of Jersey, a crown dependency in the Channel Islands, off the French coast of Normandy, has two official languages: English and French. Traditionally, Jèrriais, a variety of the ancient Norman language, has been the dominant language of the Bailiwick, but the past century has seen a great decline in its use, as well as the use of French.

Languages of Mexico <=SEP=> Several different languages are spoken in Mexico, with a large majority of the population fluent in Spanish while some indigenous Mexicans are monolingual in indigenous languages. Most Mexicans are monolingual Spanish-speakers. The government of Mexico uses Spanish for most official purposes, but in terms of legislation its status is not that of an official language.

Languages of New Zealand <=SEP=> There are several languages of New Zealand. English (New Zealand English) is the dominant language spoken by most New Zealanders and is one of three official languages  of New Zealand. The country's de jure official languages are Māori and New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL). Other languages are also used by ethnic communities.

Languages of Papua New Guinea <=SEP=> The languages of Papua New Guinea today number over 850. These languages are spoken by the inhabited tribal groups of Papua New Guinea  making it the most linguistically diverse place on earth. Its official languages are Tok Pisin, English, Hiri Motu and Papua New Guinean Sign Language. Tok Pisin, an English-based creole, is the most widely spoken, serving as the country's lingua franca.

Languages of Senegal <=SEP=> Senegal is a multilingual country – Ethnologue lists 36 languages. Of those, Wolof is the most widely spoken.French, which was inherited from the colonial era, is the official language of Senegal. It is used by the administration and understood by about 15–20% of all males and about 1–2% of all women. Senegal is a member State of the OIF (Organisation internationale de la Francophonie). A Senegalese, Abdou Diouf, has held the position of Executive Secretary of the OIC between 2003 and 2014.

Languages of Seychelles <=SEP=> The official languages of Seychelles are Seychellois Creole, English and French.Seychellois Creole, a French-based creole language, is by far the most commonly spoken language in the archipelago, being spoken natively by about 95% of the population. Nevertheless, the country was a British colony (see: British Seychelles) for over a century and a half, and thus, English is the main language used in government and business.

Languages of Sierra Leone <=SEP=> Sierra Leone is a multilingual country, with 25 languages. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries.Other major languages include Mende, which is spoken by 29.5% of the population as a mother tongue, and also as a lingua franca in southern Sierra Leone, and Temne, which is spoken by 24.7% as a mother tongue, and also as a lingua franca in northern Sierra Leone.

Languages of Slovenia <=SEP=> Slovenia has been a meeting area of the Slavic, Germanic, Romance, and Uralic linguistic and cultural regions, which makes it the most complex meeting point of languages in Europe. The official and national language of Slovenia is Slovene, which is spoken by a large majority of the population. It is also known, in English, as Slovenian. Two minority languages, namely Hungarian and Italian, are recognised as co-official languages and accordingly protected in their residential municipalities.

Languages of South Africa <=SEP=> There are eleven official languages of South Africa: Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu.  Fewer than two percent of South Africans speak a first language other than an official one. Most South Africans can speak more than one language.  Dutch and English were the first official languages of South Africa from 1910 to 1925.

Languages of Spain <=SEP=> The languages of Spain (Spanish: lenguas de España), or Spanish languages (Spanish: lenguas españolas or lenguas hispánicas), are the languages spoken or once spoken in Spain. Romance languages are the most widely spoken in Spain; of which Spanish, or Castilian, is the only language which has official status for the whole country.

Languages of Switzerland <=SEP=> The four national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian and Romansh.

Languages of Togo <=SEP=> Togo is a multilingual country. According to one count, 39 languages are spoken. Of these, the official language is French. Two of the most spoken indigenous languages were designated as national languages in 1975: Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe; French: Evé) and Kabiyé.Among the other languages in Togo, Mina (the dialect of Ewé spoken in Lomé) serves as the working language in the south of the country, Mobaa, Tem (also called Kotokoli) and Fula (Fula: Fulfulde; French: Peul).

Languages of Vanuatu <=SEP=> Vanuatu has three official languages, English, French, and Bislama, a creole language evolved from English. Bislama is the first language of many urban ni-Vanuatu, that is, the residents of Port Vila and Luganville. It is the most common second language elsewhere in the Vanuatu islands. It is similar to Tok Pisin of Papua New Guinea, and other nearby creoles.In addition, there are over one hundred local languages spread over the archipelago.

Languages of Zimbabwe <=SEP=> Zimbabwe has 16 official languages. English, Shona and Ndebele are the most widely spoken languages in the country.  Approximately 70% of the population is Shona speaking and speaks ChiShona as their first language. Also it is said that around 20% are Ndebele and speak IsiNdebele as their first language.

Languages of the Central African Republic <=SEP=> The official languages of the Central African Republic are French  and Sangho. In total there are about 120 languages in the country.In the CAR, French is the language of writing and formal situations. In 2005 it was estimated that 22.5% of the population could speak French[1].Sangho has about 350,000 native speakers. It has become the lingua franca of the country. It became a national language in 1963 and an official language (alongside French) in 1991.

Languages of the Comoros <=SEP=> The official languages of the Comoros are Comorian, French and Arabic. Comorian (or Shikomor) is a Bantu language closely related to Swahili. It is by far the most spoken language in the country, 96.9%. However, Comorian is confined almost exclusively for oral use. Before and during the colonial period, no official recognition was granted at all to Comorian. Before the French colonisation, Arabic and Swahili were the languages used by the political powers (the sultans) and by education.

Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo <=SEP=> The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a multilingual country where an estimated total of 242 languages are spoken. Ethnologue lists 215 living languages. The official language, inherited from the colonial period, is French.

Languages of the European Union <=SEP=> The languages of the European Union are languages used by people within the member states of the European Union. They include the twenty-four official languages of the European Union along with a range of others.

Languages of the Philippines <=SEP=> There are some 120 to 175 languages in the Philippines, depending on the method of classification. Four others are no longer spoken. Almost all are classified as Malayo-Polynesian languages, while one, Chavacano, is a creole derived from a Romance language. Two are official, while (as of 2015) nineteen are official auxiliary languages.

Languages of the United Kingdom <=SEP=> The de facto official language of the United Kingdom is English, which is spoken by 98% of the county's population. In 2011, the second-most spoken language in the United Kingdom was Scots, followed by Polish, an immigrant language. The fourth most-spoken language—Welsh—is an official language in Wales, the only de jure official language in any part of the UK.

Languages of the United States <=SEP=> Many languages are used, or historically have been used in the United States. The most commonly used language is English. There are also many languages indigenous to North America or to U.S. states or holdings in the Pacific region. Languages brought to the country by colonists or immigrants from Europe, Asia, or other parts of the world make up a large portion of the languages currently used; several languages, including creoles and sign languages, have also developed in the United States.

Languages with official status in India <=SEP=> The Constitution of India designates a bilingual approach for official language of the Government of India employing usage of Hindi written in the Devanagari script, as well as English. Hindi and English find everyday use for important official purposes such as parliamentary proceedings, judiciary, communications between the Central Government and a State Government.

List of countries by English-speaking population <=SEP=> The following is a list of English-speaking population by country, including information on both native speakers and second-language speakers.

List of countries by spoken languages <=SEP=> This list shows countries organised by the languages which are spoken there.

List of countries by the number of recognized official languages <=SEP=> This is a list of countries sorted by the population and the number of recognized official languages.

List of countries where Arabic is an official language <=SEP=> The following is a list of countries where Arabic is an official language. In some of these Arab states, Arabic is co-official with one or more other languages.

List of countries where Spanish is an official language <=SEP=> The following is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories where Spanish is an official language, the national language or the de facto official language.

List of country names in various languages <=SEP=> Most countries of the world have different names in different languages. Some countries have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names for all nations, countries and sovereign states. It does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any country is or was. Countries are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English.

List of country names in various languages (Q–Z) <=SEP=> Most countries of the world have different names in different languages. Some countries have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names for all nations, countries and sovereign states. It does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any country is or was.Countries are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English.

List of languages by number of native speakers <=SEP=> This article ranks human languages by their number of speakers.However, all such rankings should be used with caution. First, it is difficult to define the difference between a language and a dialect, or between a language and a macrolanguage; for example, Chinese is sometimes considered a single language and sometimes a macrolanguage whose many varieties are all independent languages.

List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language <=SEP=> This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official.Several languages are officially used in two countries, these are:Albanian - Albania and Kosovo*Aymara, Quechua - Bolivia and PeruBengali -India and BangladeshCatalan - Andorra and SpainChewa - Malawi and ZambiaCroatian - Croatia and Bosnia and HerzegovinaGreek - Greece and CyprusKorean - North Korea and South KoreaNepali - India and NepalSindhi - Pakistan (Sindh) and IndiaSlovak - Slovakia and Czech RepublicSotho - South Africa and LesothoSwati - South Africa and SwazilandSwedish - Sweden and FinlandTswana - South Africa and BotswanaUkrainian - Ukraine and Transnistria*Urdu - Pakistan and IndiaNote *Asterisks indicate countries whose independence is disputed

List of national anthems <=SEP=> Most nation-states have anthems, defined as "a song, as of praise, devotion, or patriotism"; most anthems are either marches or hymns in style. A hymn can become a national anthem by a provision in the state's constitution, by a law enacted by its legislature, or simply by tradition. A royal anthem is a patriotic song similar to a national anthem, but it specifically praises or prays for a monarch or royal dynasty.

List of official languages <=SEP=> This is a list of official languages.

List of official languages by state <=SEP=> This is a complete list of the official languages designated in the sovereign states of the world. It includes all languages that have official language status either statewide or in a part of the state, or that have status as a national language, regional language, or minority language.Only states, which are defined as sovereign, internationally recognised, independent political entities, are listed.

List of territorial entities where Chinese is an official language <=SEP=> The following is a list of the countries where Chinese is an official language. While those countries that designate Chinese as an official language use the term "Chinese", as Chinese is a group of related language varieties, of which many are not mutually intelligible, in the context of the spoken language such designations are usually understood as designations of specific varieties of Chinese, namely Standard Cantonese Chinese and Standard Mandarin Chinese.

List of territorial entities where English is an official language <=SEP=> The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 56 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.The majority of countries where English is an official language are former territories of the British Empire.

List of territorial entities where French is an official language <=SEP=> As of 2015, there are 29 independent nations where French is an official language. The following is a list of sovereign states and territories where French is an official or de facto language.

List of territorial entities where German is an official language <=SEP=> The following is a list of the territorial entities where German is an official language. It includes countries, which have German as (one of) their nationwide official language(s), as well as dependent territories with German as a co-official language.

List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language <=SEP=> The following is a list of sovereign states and territories where Portuguese is an official or de facto language.

List of territorial entities where Tamil is an official language <=SEP=> The following is a list of sovereign states and territories where Tamil is an official or language of government.Tamil is the 15th most spoken language in the world. Tamil language speakers make approximately 1% of the world population.

Malayalam <=SEP=> Malayalam /mæləˈjɑːləm/ (മലയാളം, Malayāḷam ? [mɐləjaːɭəm]), sometimes referred to as Kairali, is a language spoken in India, predominantly in the state of Kerala. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and was designated a Classical Language in India in 2013.  Malayalam has official language status in the state of Kerala and in the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry. It belongs to the Dravidian family of languages and is spoken by some 38 million people.

Mandarin Chinese <=SEP=> Mandarin (/ˈmændᵊrɪn/; simplified Chinese: 官话; traditional Chinese: 官話; pinyin: Guānhuà; literally: "speech of officials") is a group of related varieties of Chinese spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. Because most Mandarin dialects are found in the north, the group is also referred to as the "northern dialect(s)".

Marathi language <=SEP=> Marathi (English pronunciation: /məˈrɑːti/; मराठी Marāṭhī [məˈɾaʈʰi]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by Marathi people of Maharashtra. It is the official language and co-official language in Maharashtra and Goa states of Western India respectively, and is one of the 23 official languages of India. There were 73 million speakers in 2001; Marathi ranks 19th in the list of most spoken languages in the world. Marathi has the fourth largest number of native speakers in India.

Member states of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries <=SEP=> The Community of Portuguese Language Countries has eight member states. All have the Portuguese language as official language, and only East Timor and Equatorial Guinea have a second official language.In 2005, CPLP Council of Ministers meeting in Luanda adopted the status of associate observer for non-member states to promote better international co-operation to reach the Community's objectives and 3 states were subsequently admitted.

Minority languages of Croatia <=SEP=> Constitution of Croatia in its preamble defines Croatia as nation state of ethnic Croats, country of traditionally present communities that constitution recognize as national minorities and country of all its citizens.National minorities explicitly enumerated and recognized in Constitution are Serbs, Czechs, Slovaks, Italians, Hungarians, Jews , Germans, Austrians, Ukrainians, Rusyns, Bosniaks, Slovenes, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Russians, Bulgarians, Poles, Romani, Romanians, Turks, Vlachs and Albanians.

Montenegrin language <=SEP=> Montenegrin /ˌmɒntɪˈniːɡrɪn/ (crnogorski / црногорски) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language used by Montenegrins and the official language of Montenegro. Standard Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Croatian, Serbian, and Bosnian.Montenegro's language has historically and traditionally been called Serbian.

Navarre <=SEP=> Navarre (English /nəˈvɑr/; Spanish: Navarra; Basque: Nafarroa; French: Navarre), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre (Spanish: Comunidad Foral de Navarra [komuniˈðað foˈɾal de naˈβara]; Basque: Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea [nafaroako foɾu komunitatea]), is an autonomous community in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Country, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Aquitaine in France. The capital city is Pamplona (or Iruña in Basque).

Nepali language <=SEP=> Nepali or Nepalese is  an Indo-Aryan language.  It is the official language and de facto lingua franca of Nepal and is also spoken in India, Bhutan and Myanmar. Nepali has official status in the Indian state of Sikkim and in West Bengal's Darjeeling district. Nepali developed in proximity to a number of Indo-Aryan languages, most notably the Pahari languages and Magahi, and shows Sanskrit influences.

Noose (1958 film) <=SEP=> Noose  (Polish: Pętla) is a 1957 Polish film directed by Wojciech Jerzy Has, starring Gustaw Holoubek. The film is an adaptation of a short story by Marek Hłasko and follows the day in the life an alcoholic.

Norwegian language <=SEP=> Norwegian (norsk) is a North Germanic language spoken mainly in Norway, where it is the sole official language.  Along with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants.These Scandinavian languages together with Faroese and Icelandic, as well as some extinct languages, constitute the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages).

Norwegian language conflict <=SEP=> The Norwegian language conflict (målstriden, språkstriden or sprogstriden) is an ongoing controversy within Norwegian culture and politics related to spoken and written versions of the Norwegian language. From the 16th to the 19th centuries, Danish was the standard written language of Norway due to Danish rule.

Official bilingualism in Canada <=SEP=> The official languages of Canada are English and French, which "have equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the Parliament and Government of Canada," according to Canada's constitution.

Official language <=SEP=> An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically a country's official language refers to the language used within government (e.g., courts, parliament, administration).

Official languages of the United Nations <=SEP=> The official languages of the United Nations are the six languages that are used in UN meetings, and in which all official UN documents are written when budget allows. In alphabetical order, they are: Arabic (Literary Arabic) Chinese (Standard Chinese, Simplified Chinese characters) English (British spelling) French Russian Spanish↑ ↑ ↑

Official names of South Africa <=SEP=> There are eleven official names of South Africa, one in each of its eleven official languages.  The number is surpassed only by India. These languages include English, Afrikaans, the Nguni languages (Zulu, Xhosa, Ndebele, and Swazi), as well as the Sotho languages, which include Tswana, Sotho and Northern Sotho.

Paraguayan Spanish <=SEP=> Paraguayan Spanish (Spanish: español paraguayo) is a version of the Spanish language spoken in Paraguay, and influencing the speech of the Argentine provinces of Misiones, Corrientes, Formosa, and, to a lesser extent, Chaco. The Guarani language is co-official with Spanish in Paraguay, and the country's unique history has caused Guarani to have a major influence on pronunciation, tone, and other characteristics of Spanish.

Poland <=SEP=> Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska]), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska,  About this sound listen ), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north.

Polish language <=SEP=> Polish (język polski, polszczyzna) is a Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and the native language of the Poles. It belongs to the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages. Polish is the official language of Poland, but it is also used throughout the world by Polish minorities in other countries. It is one of the official languages of the European Union.

Portuguese language <=SEP=> Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Romance language and the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe. It also has co-official language status in Macau and East Timor.

Punjabi language <=SEP=> Punjabi /pʌnˈdʒɑːbi/ (Shahmukhi: پنجابی paṉjābī; Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ pañjābī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by 130 million native speakers worldwide, making it the 9th most widely spoken language (2015)  in the world. It is the native language of the Punjabi people who inhabit the historical Punjab region of Pakistan and India.

Rozstanie <=SEP=> Rozstanie (English title: Goodbye to the Past) is a Polish psychological melodrama film released in 1961, directed by Wojciech Jerzy Has.

Russian language <=SEP=> Russian (ру́сский язы́к, russkiy yazyk, pronounced [ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk]) is an East Slavic language and an official language in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Estonia, and to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics of the Soviet Union and former participants of the Eastern Bloc.

San Marino <=SEP=> San Marino (/sæn məˈriːnoʊ/; Italian: [sam maˈriːno]), officially the Republic of San Marino (Italian: Repubblica di San Marino), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is an enclaved microstate surrounded by Italy, situated on the Italian Peninsula on the north-eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. Its size is just over 61 km2 (24 sq mi) and has an estimated population of about 32,000.

Sindhi language <=SEP=> Sindhi /ˈsɪndi/ (سنڌي, सिन्धी, 28px) is an Indo-Aryan language of the historical Sindh region, spoken by the Sindhi people. It is the official language of the Pakistani province of Sindh. In India, Sindhi is one of the scheduled languages officially recognized by the federal government.

Surinamese Dutch <=SEP=> Surinamese Dutch (Dutch: Surinaams-Nederlands, Dutch pronunciation: [ˌsyːriˈnaːms ˈneːdərˌlɑnts]) is the form of Dutch spoken in Suriname, a former Dutch colony. Dutch is spoken as a native language by about 60% of the population, most of them being bilingual with Sranan Tongo, Saramaccan and other languages. Nevertheless, Dutch is the sole official language of the country. Surinamese Dutch is easily intelligible with other forms of Dutch.

Tamil language <=SEP=> Tamil  /ˈtæmɪl/ (தமிழ், tamiḻ, [t̪ɐmɨɻ] ?) also spelt Thamizh is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. It has official status in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the Indian Union Territory of Puducherry. Tamil is also an official and national language of Sri Lanka and one of the official languages of Singapore. It is legalised as one of the languages of medium of education in Malaysia along with English, Malay and Mandarin.

Telugu language <=SEP=> Telugu (English pronunciation: /ˈtɛlʉɡuː/; తెలుగు telugu, IPA: [t̪el̪uɡu]) is a Dravidian language and is the only language other than Hindi, English and Bengali that is predominantly spoken in more than one Indian state, being the primary language in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, as well as in the town of Yanam where it is also an official language.

The Hourglass Sanatorium <=SEP=> The Hourglass Sanatorium  (Polish: Sanatorium pod klepsydrą) is a 1973 Polish film directed by Wojciech Jerzy Has, starring Jan Nowicki, Tadeusz Kondrat, Mieczysław Voit, Halina Kowalska and Gustaw Holoubek. It is also known as The Sandglass in English speaking countries. The story follows a man who visits his father in a mystical sanatorium where time does not behave normally. The film is an adaptation of Bruno Schulz's story collection Sanatorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass.

The Tribulations of Balthazar Kober <=SEP=> The Tribulations of Balthazar Kober  (Polish: Niezwykla podróz Baltazara Kobera) is a 1988 Polish film directed by Wojciech Jerzy Has, starring Rafal Wieczynski, Michael Lonsdale, Adrianna Biedrzynska, Gabriela Kownacka, Emmanuelle Riva. The film is an adaptation of a novel by Frédérick Tristan that follows a young man as he travels across plague-stricken Germany of the 16th Century.

Transnistria <=SEP=> Transnistria (also called Trans-Dniestr or Transdniestria) is a partially recognized state located mostly on a strip of land between the River Dniester and the eastern Moldovan border with Ukraine.

Valencian Community <=SEP=> The Valencian Community  (Valencian: Comunitat Valenciana, Spanish: Comunidad Valenciana), or the Valencian Country (Valencian: País Valencià), is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the fourth most populated after Andalusia, Catalonia and Madrid with more than 5.1 million inhabitants. It is often homonymously identified with its capital Valencia, which is the third largest city of Spain. It is located along the Mediterranean coast in the south-east of the Iberian peninsula.

Vojvodina <=SEP=> Vojvodina ([ʋǒjʋodina], Serbian Cyrillic: Војводина), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина / Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; see Names in other languages), is an autonomous province of Serbia, located in the northern part of the country, in the Pannonian Plain. Novi Sad is the largest city and administrative center of Vojvodina and the second-largest city in Serbia.

World language <=SEP=> A world language is a language spoken internationally and that is learned by many people as a second language. A world language is characterized not only by the total number of speakers (native and second language speakers), but also by its geographical distribution, and use in international organizations and diplomatic relations. By these criteria, the major world languages are of Western European origin.

Write and Fight <=SEP=> Write and Fight (Polish: Pismak) is a 1985 Polish film directed by Wojciech Jerzy Has, starring Wojciech Wysocki, Zdzislaw Wardejnc and Jan Peszek. The film is an adaptation of a novel by Wladyslaw Terlecki and tells the story of a young journalist locked in a prison cell with a safebreaker and a priest, and the stories they tell.