Query: first targets of the atomic bomb

Relevant passages:
509th Composite Group <=SEP=> The 509th Composite Group (509 CG) was a unit of the United States Army Air Forces created during World War II and tasked with the operational deployment of nuclear weapons. It conducted the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, in August 1945.The group was activated on 17 December 1944 at Wendover Army Air Field, Utah. It was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Paul W. Tibbets.

596 (nuclear test) <=SEP=> 596, originally named by the US intelligence agencies Chic-1, is the codename of the People's Republic of China's first nuclear weapons test, detonated on October 16, 1964, at the Lop Nur test site. It was a uranium-235 implosion fission device and had a yield of 22 kilotons.

AGM-114 Hellfire <=SEP=> The AGM-114 Hellfire is an air-to-surface missile (ASM) first developed for anti-armor use, but later models were developed for precision strikes against other target types, such as, in the case of a Predator drone, individuals or groups of individuals. It was originally developed under the name Helicopter Launched, Fire and Forget Missile, which led to the colloquial name 'Hellfire' ultimately becoming the missile's formal name.

A Blank in the Weather Map <=SEP=> A Blank in the Weather Map (空白の天気図, Kuhaku-no Tenki-zu) is a non-fiction book written by Japanese author Kunio Yanagida, it was published in Japan in 1975.  The book is about the Hiroshima Meteorological Observatory in 1945. Hiroshima was fully destroyed in the Atomic Bombing on August 6, 1945.One month later, the phenomenal and powerful typhoon called Makurazaki Typhoon hit Hiroshima and 1229 dead, 1054 injured, 783 missing in Hiroshima Prefecture.

A Tale of Two Cities (1946 film) <=SEP=> A Tale of Two Cities was a 1946 propaganda/documentary film about the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, produced by the Army-Navy Screen Magazine.The film chronologically, and for the most part, neutrally, describes the testing and the use of the atomic bombs impact on Hiroshima, describing where the bomb was actually dropped, and the damage done to military industrial targets, as well as noting which edifices sustained less damage, like those built with reinforced concrete.

Above and Beyond (film) <=SEP=> For the 2014 film of the same name, see Above and Beyond (2014 film).Above and Beyond is a 1952 American war film about Lt. Col. Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., the pilot of the aircraft that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in August 1945.It stars Robert Taylor as Tibbets and features a love story with Eleanor Parker as his wife. James Whitmore plays security officer Major Bill Uanna.

Aerial bombing of cities <=SEP=> The aerial bombing of cities in warfare is an optional element of strategic bombing which was first seen in 1915 during World War I. The bombing of cities grew to a vast scale in World War II, and is still practiced today. The development of aerial bombardment marked an increased capacity of armed forces to deliver ordnance from the air against combatants, military installations, and factories, with a greatly reduced risk to its ground forces.

Air raids on Japan <=SEP=> Allied forces conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing between 241,000 and 900,000 people. During the first years of the Pacific War, sparked by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, these attacks were limited to the Doolittle Raid in April 1942 and small-scale raids on military positions in the Kuril Islands from mid-1943.

Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission <=SEP=> The Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) was a commission established in 1946 in accordance with a presidential directive from Harry S. Truman to the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council to conduct investigations of the late effects of radiation among the atomic-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Atomic bomb literature <=SEP=> Atomic bomb literature (原爆文学, Genbaku bungaku) is a literary genre in Japanese literature used to describe writing about the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This can include diaries, testimonial or documentary accounts, poetry, drama or fictional works about the bombings and their aftermath.There are several generations of atomic bomb writers.

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki <=SEP=> The United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, during the final stage of the Second World War. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history.In the final year of the war, the Allies prepared for what was anticipated to be a very costly invasion of the Japanese mainland. This was preceded by a U.S. firebombing campaign that obliterated many Japanese cities.

Bockscar <=SEP=> Bockscar,  sometimes called Bock's Car, is the name of the United States Army Air Forces B-29 bomber that dropped a Fat Man nuclear weapon over the Japanese city of Nagasaki during World War II in the second – and last – nuclear attack in history. One of 15 Silverplate B-29s used by the 509th, Bockscar was built at the Glenn L. Martin Aircraft Plant at Bellevue, Nebraska, at what is now Offutt Air Force Base, and delivered to the United States Army Air Forces on 19 March 1945.

Bombing of Hamburg in World War II <=SEP=> The Allied bombing of Hamburg during World War II included numerous strategic bombing missions and diversion/nuisance raids.

Bombing of Tokyo <=SEP=> The Bombing of Tokyo (東京大空襲, Tōkyōdaikūshū), often referred to as a series of firebombing raids, was conducted as part of the air raids on Japan by the United States Army Air Forces during the Pacific campaigns of World War II. The US first mounted a small-scale raid on Tokyo in April 1942. Strategic bombing and urban area bombing began in 1944 after the long-range B-29 Superfortress bomber entered service, first deployed from China and thereafter the Mariana Islands.

Bombing of Yawata (June 1944) <=SEP=> The Bombing of Yawata on the night of 15/16 June 1944 was the first air raid on the Japanese home islands conducted by United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) strategic bombers during World War II. The raid was undertaken by 75 B-29 Superfortress heavy bombers staging from bases in China. Only 47 of these aircraft bombed the raid's primary target, the Imperial Iron and Steel Works at Yawata in northern Kyūshū, and little damage was caused.

Brighter than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists <=SEP=> Brighter than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists, by Austrian Robert Jungk, is the first published account of the Manhattan Project and the German atomic bomb project.  It studied the making and dropping of the atomic bomb from the view of the atomic scientists.  The book is largely based on personal interviews with the people who played a leading part in the construction and deployment of the bombs.

Children of Hiroshima <=SEP=> Children of Hiroshima (原爆の子, Genbaku no Ko, lit. Children of the Atomic Bomb) also released as Atom-Bombed Children in Hiroshima, is a 1952 Japanese film directed by Kaneto Shindo. It was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival.

Civilian casualties <=SEP=> Civilian casualties is a military term describing civilians killed, injured, or imprisoned by military personnel or combatants. Civilian casualties can be associated with the outcome of any form of action regardless of whether civilians were targeted directly or not.

Cosmic bomb (phrase) <=SEP=> "Cosmic bomb" was another name for the atomic bomb. It was used for a short period of time in 1945 and 1946.

Cultural treatments of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki <=SEP=> This is a list of cultural products made about the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.  It includes literature, film, music and other art forms.

Day One (1989 film) <=SEP=> Day One is a made-for-TV documentary-drama movie about The Manhattan Project, the research and development of the atomic bomb during World War II. It is based on the book by Peter Wyden. The movie was written by David W. Rintels and directed by Joseph Sargent. It starred Brian Dennehy as General Leslie Groves, David Strathairn as Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer and Michael Tucker as Dr. Leo Szilard. It premiered in the United States on March 5, 1989 on the CBS network.

Dayton Project <=SEP=> The Dayton Project was a research and development project that was part of the larger Manhattan Project to build the first atomic bombs. Work took place at several sites in and around Dayton, Ohio. Those working on the project were ultimately responsible for creating the polonium-based modulated neutron initiators which were used to begin the chain reactions in the atomic bombs.

Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki <=SEP=> The debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki concerns the ethical, legal and military controversies surrounding the United States' atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August 1945 at the close of the World War II (1939–45).On 26 July 1945, United States President Harry S.

Enola Gay <=SEP=> The Enola Gay is a Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber, named for Enola Gay Tibbets, the mother of the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets, who selected the aircraft while it was still on the assembly line. On 6 August 1945, during the final stages of World War II, it became the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb. The bomb, code-named "Little Boy", was targeted at the city of Hiroshima, Japan, and caused unprecedented destruction.

Fat Man <=SEP=> "Fat Man" was the codename for the type of atomic bomb that was detonated over the Japanese city of Nagasaki by the United States on 9 August 1945. It was the second of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in warfare, the first being Little Boy, and its detonation caused the third man-made nuclear explosion. It was built by scientists and engineers at Los Alamos Laboratory using plutonium from the Hanford Site and dropped from the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Bockscar.

Firebombing <=SEP=> Firebombing is a bombing technique designed to damage a target, generally an urban area, through the use of fire, caused by incendiary devices, rather than from the blast effect of large bombs. Although simple incendiary bombs have been used to destroy buildings since the start of gunpowder warfare, World War I saw the first use of strategic bombing from the air to destroy the ability of the enemy to wage war. Such as the German Zeppelin air raids conducted on London during the Great War.

Fukuromachi Elementary School Peace Museum <=SEP=> The Fukuromachi Elementary School Peace Museum (袋町小学校平和資料館 Fukuromachi Shogakkou Heiwa Shiryokan) is a peace museum in Fukuromachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Japan. The school was one of the closest schools to ground zero when the atomic bomb fell on August 6, 1945. They lost about 160 students and teachers and the building was heavily damaged. After a few days, the school became a first aid station, and its black burned wall became a message board to find missing people.

Full House (aircraft) <=SEP=> This article relates to the B-29 named Full House. For the television series, see Full House.Full House was the name of a B-29 Superfortress (B-29-36-MO 44-27298, victor number 83) participating in the atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.

General Atomics Avenger <=SEP=> The General Atomics Avenger (formerly Predator C)  is a developmental unmanned combat air vehicle built by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems for the U.S. military.  Its first flight occurred on 4 April 2009.

Gerboise Bleue <=SEP=> Gerboise Bleue "\blue jerboa") was the name of the first French nuclear test. It was an atomic bomb detonated near Reggane, in the middle of the Algerian Sahara desert on 13 February 1960, during the Algerian War (1954–62). General Pierre Marie Gallois was instrumental in the endeavour, and earned the nickname of père de la bombe A ("father of the A-bomb").Gerboise is the French word for jerboa, a desert rodent found in the Sahara, while blue is the first color of the French tricolor flag.

Grand Slam (bomb) <=SEP=> The Grand Slam was a 22,000 lb (10,000 kg) earthquake bomb used by RAF Bomber Command against strategic targets during the Second World War. It was the most powerful non-atomic bomb used in the war.Known officially as the Bomb, Medium Capacity, 22,000 lb, it was a scaled-up version of the Tallboy bomb and closer to the original size that the bombs' inventor, Barnes Wallis, had envisaged when he first developed his earthquake bomb idea. It was also nicknamed "Ten ton Tess".

Heavy bomber <=SEP=> Heavy bombers are bomber aircraft with the greatest bomb load carrying capacity and longest range of their time.  They have also typically been among the largest size aircraft in contemporary military or civil service.

Hibakusha <=SEP=> Hibakusha (被爆者?) is the Japanese word for the surviving victims of the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The word literally translates as "explosion-affected people" and is used to refer to people who were exposed to radiation from the bombings.

Hiroshima: BBC History of World War II <=SEP=> Hiroshima is a BBC docudrama that premiered as a television special on 5 August 2005, marking the eve of the 60th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. The program was aired on the Discovery Channel and BBC America in the United States. The documentary features historical reenactments using firsthand eyewitness accounts and computer-generated imagery of the explosion. The film won an Emmy and three BAFTA awards in 2006.

Hiroshima (book) <=SEP=> Hiroshima is a book by  Pulitzer Prize-winning author  John Hersey. It tells the stories of six survivors of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, covering a period of time immediately prior to and one year after the atomic bomb was dropped on August 6, 1945. It was originally published in The New Yorker. Although the story was originally scheduled to be published over four issues, the entire August 31, 1946 edition was dedicated to the article.

Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims <=SEP=> Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims is one of the National Memorial Halls in Hiroshima, Japan.

Hiroshima Peace Memorial <=SEP=> Hiroshima Peace Memorial (広島平和記念碑, Hiroshima heiwa kinenhi), commonly called the Atomic Bomb Dome or Genbaku Dōmu (原爆ドーム?, A-Bomb Dome), in Hiroshima, Japan, is part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. The ruin serves as a memorial to the people who were killed in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Over 70,000 people were killed instantly, and another 70,000 suffered fatal injuries from the radiation.

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park <=SEP=> Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park (広島平和記念公園, Hiroshima Heiwa Kinen Kōen) is a memorial park in the center of Hiroshima, Japan. It is dedicated to the legacy of Hiroshima as the first city in the world to suffer a nuclear attack, and to the memories of the bomb's direct and indirect victims (of whom there may have been as many as 140,000).

History of nuclear weapons <=SEP=> Nuclear weapons possess enormous destructive power derived from nuclear fission or combined fission and fusion reactions. Starting with scientific breakthroughs made during the 1930s, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada collaborated during World War II in what was called the Manhattan Project to counter the suspected Nazi German atomic bomb project. In August 1945 two fission bombs were dropped on Japan ending the Pacific War.

Honkawa Elementary School Peace Museum <=SEP=> The Honkawa Elementary School Peace Museum (本川小学校平和資料館 Honkawa Shogakkou Heiwa Shiryokan) is a museum of the Peace in Honkawacho, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Japan. The school was the closest school to ground zero. They lost about 400 students and more than 10 teachers, and the building took great amounts of damage from the atomic bomb dropped on August 6, 1945.

Kermit Beahan <=SEP=> Kermit K. Beahan (August 9, 1918 – March 10, 1989) was a career officer in the United States Air Force and its predecessor United States Army Air Forces during World War II. He was the bombardier on the crew flying the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Bockscar on August 9, 1945 (his 27th birthday), that dropped the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan.He also participated in the first atomic mission that bombed Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.

Land mine <=SEP=> A land mine is an explosive device concealed under or on the ground and designed to destroy or disable enemy targets, ranging from combatants to vehicles and tanks, as they pass over or near it. Such a device is typically detonated automatically by way of pressure when a target steps on it or drives over it, though other detonation mechanisms are also sometimes used.

Laser-guided bomb <=SEP=> A laser-guided bomb (LGB) is a guided bomb that uses semi-active laser guidance to strike a designated target with greater accuracy than an unguided bomb. First developed by the United States during the Vietnam War, laser-guided bombs quickly proved their value in precision strikes of difficult point targets. These weapons use on-board electronics to track targets that are designated by laser, typically in the infrared spectrum, and adjust their glide path to precisely strike the target.

Laser designator <=SEP=> A laser designator is a laser light source which is used to designate a target. Laser designators provide targeting for laser-guided bombs, missiles, or precision artillery munitions, such as the Paveway series of bombs, AGM-114 Hellfire, or the M712 Copperhead round, respectively.When a target is marked by a designator, the beam is invisible and does not shine continuously. Instead, a series of coded pulses of laser-light are fired.

Leslie Groves <=SEP=> Lieutenant General Leslie Richard Groves, Jr. (17 August 1896 – 13 July 1970) was a United States Army Corps of Engineers officer who oversaw the construction of the Pentagon and directed the Manhattan Project, a top secret research project that developed the atomic bomb during World War II. As the son of a United States Army chaplain, Groves lived at a number of Army posts during his childhood.

List of military strikes against presumed terrorist targets <=SEP=> This article documents military strikes by governments against presumed terrorist targets outside war zones. For an event to qualify, it must involve military weapons and the target must be thought by the government ordering the strike to be of terrorist nature. The most recent events appear first.

Little Boy <=SEP=> Little Boy was the codename for the type of atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces. It was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare. The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history, after the Trinity test, and the first uranium-based detonation.

Manhattan Project <=SEP=> The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory that designed the actual bombs.

Mark Oliphant <=SEP=> Sir Marcus "Mark" Laurence Elwin Oliphant, AC, KBE, FRS, FAA (8 October 1901 – 14 July 2000) was an Australian physicist and humanitarian who played an important role in the first experimental demonstration of nuclear fusion and also the development of nuclear weapons.Born in Adelaide, South Australia, Oliphant graduated from the University of Adelaide in 1922.

My Trial as a War Criminal <=SEP=> "My Trial as a War Criminal" is a 1949 short story by atomic physicist Leo Szilard.Szilard had played a leading role in the Manhattan Project, and in the story he imagines the kind of show trial he might have had if he had been prosecuted in a manner similar to the Nuremberg Trials.Szilard drafted the letter Albert Einstein signed, to Franklin Roosevelt, suggesting the US develop the military uses of nuclear power.The story is set after World War II, shortly after the United States surrendered to the Soviet Union following a sneak attack using germ warfare.Szilard is offered a choice:  He can volunteer to work on scientific projects in the Soviet Union, or he can remain in the United States, and stand trial as a war criminal for his role in the development and use of the first atomic bombs during the Second World War.Szilard chooses to stand trial. @en <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Trial_as_a_War_Criminal?oldid=491926999> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Paris_Concert_(Oscar_Peterson_album)> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> The Paris Concert is a 1978 live album by Oscar Peterson, accompanied by Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen, and Joe Pass.

Nagasaki <=SEP=> Nagasaki (長崎市, Nagasaki-shi) (About this sound listen ) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. It became a centre of Portuguese and other European influence in the 16th through 19th centuries, and the Churches and Christian Sites in Nagasaki have been proposed for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Part of Nagasaki was home to a major Imperial Japanese Navy base during the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War.

Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum <=SEP=> The Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum (長崎原爆資料館, Nagasaki Genbaku Shiryōkan) is in the city of Nagasaki, Japan. The museum is a remembrance to the atomic bombing of the city that occurred on 9 August 1945, at 11:02:35 am. When the United States of America dropped a nuclear bomb on Nagasaki. Next to the museum is the Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims, built in 2003, which marks the hypocenter of the event.

Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims <=SEP=> The Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims (国立長崎原爆死没者追悼平和祈念館, Kokuritsu Nagasaki Genbaku Shibotsusha Tsuitō Heiwa Kinenkan) is a commemorative monument in Nagasaki, Japan, situated next to its Atomic Bomb Museum. The Peace Park is nearby.Like its counterpart in Hiroshima, the hall was constructed as a place to remember and pray for those killed by the 1945 atomic bombing, with photos, and memoirs and personal accounts of the event.

Nagasaki Peace Park <=SEP=> Nagasaki Peace Park is a park located in Nagasaki, Japan, commemorating the atomic bombing of the city on August 9, 1945 during World War II. It is next to the Atomic Bomb Museum and near the Peace Memorial Hall.

Nuclear artillery <=SEP=> Nuclear artillery is a subset of limited-yield tactical nuclear weapons, in particular those weapons that are launched from the ground at battlefield targets.

Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll <=SEP=> The nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll program was a series of 23  nuclear devices detonated by the United States between 1946 and 1958 at seven test sites on the reef itself, on the sea, in the air and underwater. The test weapons produced a combined fission yield of 42.2 Mt of explosive power. The testing began with the Operation Crossroads series in July 1946.

Nuclear warfare <=SEP=> Nuclear warfare (sometimes atomic warfare or thermonuclear warfare) is a military conflict or political strategy in which nuclear weaponry is used to inflict damage on the enemy. Compared to conventional warfare, nuclear warfare can be vastly more destructive in range and extent of damage, and in a much shorter time.

Nuclear weapon <=SEP=> A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion (thermonuclear weapon). Both reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first fission "\atomic") bomb test released the same amount of energy as approximately 20,000 tons of TNT (see Trinity (nuclear test)).

Nuclear weapon design <=SEP=> Nuclear weapon designs are physical, chemical, and engineering arrangements that cause the physics package of a nuclear weapon to detonate. There are three existing basic design types. In most existing designs, the explosive energy of deployed devices is derived primarily from nuclear fission, not fusion.Pure fission weapons were the first nuclear weapons built and have so far been the only type ever used in warfare.

Nuclear weapons and Israel <=SEP=> Israel is widely believed to possess nuclear weapons and to be the sixth country in the world to have developed them, allegedly having built its first nuclear weapon in December 1966.  It is one of four nuclear-armed countries not recognized as a Nuclear Weapons State by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the others being India, Pakistan and North Korea. Israel maintains a policy known as "nuclear ambiguity" (also known as "nuclear opacity").

Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom <=SEP=> The United Kingdom was the third country to test an independently developed nuclear weapon, in October 1952. It is one of the five nuclear-weapon states under the NPT and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. Since the 1958 US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement, the United States and the United Kingdom have cooperated extensively on nuclear security matters.

Nuclear weapons delivery <=SEP=> Nuclear weapons delivery is the technology and systems used to place a nuclear weapon at the position of detonation, on or near its target. Several methods have been developed to carry out this task.Strategic nuclear weapons are used primarily as part of a doctrine of deterrence by threatening large targets, such as cities. Weapons meant for use in limited military maneuvers, such as destroying specific military, communications, or infrastructure targets, are known as tactical nuclear weapons.

Operation Crossroads <=SEP=> Operation Crossroads was a pair of nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in mid-1946. They were the first nuclear weapon tests since Trinity in July 1945, and the first detonations of nuclear devices since the atomic bombing of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.

Operation Hurricane <=SEP=> Operation Hurricane was the test of the first UK atomic device on 3 October 1952. A plutonium implosion device was detonated in the lagoon between the Montebello Islands, Western Australia, just over three years after the Soviet Union detonated a similar plutonium implosion device in September 1949.

Original Child Bomb <=SEP=> Original Child Bomb is a 2004 documentary about the aftermath of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.  The film premiered at the 2004 Tribeca Film Festival and was aired on many stations on August 6, 2005, the 60th anniversary of the bombings.  The title of the film was inspired by Thomas Merton's poem of the same name, which is quoted throughout the film.The documentary employs color footage that had previously been labeled top secret by the US government.

Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction <=SEP=> Pakistan is one of nine states to poses nuclear weapons, and the only Muslim majority country to do so.  Pakistan began development of nuclear weapons in January 1972 under Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who delegated the program to the Chairman of PAEC Munir Ahmad Khan with a commitment to have the bomb ready by the end of 1976.

Progressive war <=SEP=> Progressive war is a military strategy where only enemy combatants are targeted and non-combatants killed or wounded due to collateral damage are kept to a minimum. The principles for Progressive War were established by Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius who is consider a founder of international law in his book De jure belli ac pacis libri tres (On the Law of War and Peace: Three books) published in 1625.

RDS-1 <=SEP=> The RDS-1 (Russian: РДС-1), also known as Izdeliye 501 (device 501) and First Lightning (Первая молния, Pervaya molniya), was  used in the Soviet Union's first nuclear weapon test. The United States assigned it the code-name Joe-1, in reference to Joseph Stalin. It was exploded on 29 August 1949 at 7:00 AM, at Semipalatinsk, Kazakh SSR, after a top-secret R&D project.

Ronald Shaw <=SEP=> Ronald Shaw (1920 - 9 August 1945) was a corporal in the Royal Air Force. He is noted for being the first prisoner of war to be listed at the Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims and the second non-Japanese (the first being a Chinese civilian).He was captured when his plane was shot down by Japanese forces near Java, and was then sent to a prisoner-of-war camp in Nagasaki, where, on 9 August 1945, he was killed when an atomic bomb hit the city.

Soviet atomic bomb project <=SEP=> The Soviet project to develop an atomic bomb (Russian: Создание советской атомной бомбы) was a top secret research and development program begun during World War II, in the wake of the Soviet Union's discovery of the American, British, and Canadian nuclear project. This scientific research was directed by Soviet nuclear physicist Igor Kurchatov, while the military logistics and intelligence efforts were undertaken and managed by NKVD people's commissar Lavrentiy Beria.

Strategic bombing <=SEP=> Strategic bombing is a military strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying their morale or their economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the theatres of military operations, or both.

Strategic bombing during World War II <=SEP=> Strategic bombing during World War II was the sustained aerial attack on railways, harbours, cities, workers' housing, and industrial districts in enemy territory during World War II.

Strategic nuclear weapon <=SEP=> A strategic nuclear weapon refers to a nuclear weapon which is designed to be used on targets as part of a strategic plan, such as nuclear missile bases, military command centers, factories, and heavily populated areas such as cities and towns.They are in contrast to tactical nuclear weapons, which are designed for use in battle, as part of an attack with conventional weapon forces.

Survival Under Atomic Attack <=SEP=> Survival Under Atomic Attack was the title of an official United States government booklet released by the Executive Office of the President, the National Security Resources Board (document 130), and the Civil Defense Office.  Released at the onset of the Cold War era, the pamphlet was in line with rising fears that the Soviet Union would launch a nuclear attack against the United States, and outlined what to do in the event of an atomic attack.

Tactical nuclear weapon <=SEP=> A tactical nuclear weapon (or TNW) also known as non-strategic nuclear weapon  refers to a nuclear weapon which is designed to be used on a battlefield in military situations. This is opposed to strategic nuclear weapons which are designed to be used against enemy cities, factories, and other larger-area targets to damage the enemy's ability to wage war. Tactical nuclear weapons were a large part of the peak nuclear weapons stockpile levels during the Cold War.

Targeted killing <=SEP=> Targeted killing is the premeditated killing (assassination) of an individual by a state organization or institution outside a judicial procedure or a battlefield.Targeted killings were employed extensively by death squads in El Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia, and Haiti within the context of civil unrest and war during the 1980s and 1990s. Targeted killings have also been used in Somalia, Rwanda, and in the Balkans during the Yugoslav Wars.

The Beginning or the End <=SEP=> The Beginning or the End (1947) is an American docudrama film about the development of the atomic bomb in World War II, directed by Norman Taurog, starring Brian Donlevy and Hume Cronyn, and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). The film dramatizes the creation of the atomic bomb in the Manhattan Project and the bombing of Hiroshima.The film originated in October 1945 as a project of actress Donna Reed and her high school science teacher, Edward R.

The Bells of Nagasaki <=SEP=> The Bells of Nagasaki (長崎の鐘, Nagasaki no Kane) is a 1949 book by Takashi Nagai. It vividly describes his experiences as a survivor of the Atomic bombing of Nagasaki. It was translated into English by William Johnston. The title refers to the bells of Urakami Cathedral, of which Nagai writes:These are the bells that did not ring for weeks or months after the disaster.

The Great Artiste <=SEP=> The Great Artiste was a U.S. Army Air Forces Silverplate B-29 bomber (B-29A-40-MO 44-27353, Victor number 89), assigned to the 393d Bomb Squadron, 509th Composite Group. The name purportedly referred to the talents of the bombardier, Captain Kermit Beahan. It flew 12 training and practice missions in which it bombed Japanese-held Pacific islands and dropped pumpkin bombs on targets in Japan.

The Last Train from Hiroshima <=SEP=> The Last Train From Hiroshima: The Survivors Look Back is a book by American author Charles R. Pellegrino and published on January 19, 2010 by Henry Holt and Company that documents life in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the time immediately preceding, during and following the aftermath of the atomic bombings of Japan.

Thermonuclear weapon <=SEP=> A thermonuclear weapon is a nuclear weapon that uses the energy from a primary nuclear fission reaction to compress and ignite a secondary nuclear fusion reaction. The result is greatly increased explosive power when compared to single-stage fission weapons. It is colloquially referred to as a hydrogen bomb or H-bomb because it employs hydrogen fusion.

Town of Evening Calm, Country of Cherry Blossoms <=SEP=> Town of Evening Calm, Country of Cherry Blossoms (Japanese: 夕凪の街 桜の国, Hepburn: Yūnagi no Machi, Sakura no Kuni) is a one-volume manga written and illustrated by Fumiyo Kōno. The two connected stories were first published in Japan by Futabasha in Weekly Manga Action in 2003 and 2004, then collected in a single tankōbon volume in 2004. The story is about a family of survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.

Trinity: A Graphic History of the First Atomic Bomb <=SEP=> Trinity: A Graphic History of the First Atomic Bomb is the debut graphic novel written and illustrated by Jonathan Fetter-Vorm. It provides an account of the Manhattan Project and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as mentioning the chain of events after.

Trinity (nuclear test) <=SEP=> Trinity was the code name of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon, conducted by the United States Army on July 16, 1945, as part of the Manhattan Project. The White Sands Proving Ground, where the test was conducted, was in the Jornada del Muerto desert about 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Socorro, New Mexico, on the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range.

Trinity and Beyond <=SEP=> Trinity and Beyond: The Atomic Bomb Movie is a 1995 American documentary film directed by Peter Kuran and narrated by William Shatner. Using restored archive footage, the film traces the development of nuclear weapons and their testing, from  America's Trinity test of 1945 (hence the title) to the first Chinese atomic bomb test in 1964. Kuran's commentary on the DVD version claims that the DVD replaces some of the original footage with better-quality versions.

United States and state terrorism <=SEP=> Several scholars have accused the United States of conducting state terrorism. They have written about the liberal democracies' use of state terrorism, particularly in relation to the Cold War. According to them, state terrorism was used to protect the interest of capitalist elites, and the US organized a neo-colonial system of client states, co-operating with local elites to rule through terror.

United States and weapons of mass destruction <=SEP=> The United States is known to have possessed three types of weapons of mass destruction: nuclear weapons, chemical weapons, and  biological weapons. The U.S. is the only country to have used nuclear weapons in combat in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II. It had secretly developed the earliest form of the atomic weapon during the 1940s under the title "Manhattan Project".

V-1 flying bomb <=SEP=> The V-1 flying bomb (German: Vergeltungswaffe 1,)—also known to the Allies as the buzz bomb, or doodlebug, and in Germany as Kirschkern (cherrystone) or Maikäfer (maybug)—was an early pulsejet-powered cruise missile.The V-1 was developed at Peenemünde Army Research Center by the Nazi German Luftwaffe during the Second World War. During initial development it was known by the codename "Cherry Stone".

Wendover Air Force Base <=SEP=> Wendover Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force base in Utah now known as Wendover Airport. During World War II, it was a training base for B-17 and B-24 bomber crews. It was the training site of the 509th Composite Group, the B-29 unit that carried out the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.After the war, Wendover was used for training exercises, gunnery range and as a research facility. It was closed by the Air Force in 1969, and the base was given to Wendover City in 1977.

White Light/Black Rain: The Destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki <=SEP=> White Light/Black Rain: The Destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is an HBO documentary film that was directed and produced by Steven Okazaki and was released on August 6, 2007, on HBO, marking the 62nd anniversary of the first atomic bombing. The film features interviews with fourteen Japanese survivors and four Americans involved in the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

William Penney, Baron Penney <=SEP=> William George Penney, Baron Penney OM, KBE, PhD, DSc, FRS, FRSE, FIC, Hon FCGI (24 June 1909 – 3 March 1991), was an English mathematician and professor of mathematical physics at the Imperial College London and later the rector of Imperial College.

William Sterling Parsons <=SEP=> Rear Admiral William Sterling "Deak" Parsons  (26 November 1901 – 5 December 1953) was an American Naval officer who worked as an ordnance expert on the Manhattan Project during World War II. He is best known for being the weaponeer on the Enola Gay, the aircraft which dropped the Little Boy atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan in 1945.A 1922 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, Parsons served on a variety of warships beginning with the battleship USS Idaho.

Yahata, Fukuoka <=SEP=> Yahata (八幡市, Yahata-shi) was a city in Japan until it was absorbed into the newly created city of Kitakyushu in 1963. Its former area is as of 2007 part of two distinct wards: Yahata Higashi-ku and Yahata Nishi-ku.The city was fire-bombed in World War II in early August 1945, and the resulting smoke obscured the nearby town of Kokura, causing the planes en route to drop the atomic weapon "Fat Man" to head to their secondary target, Nagasaki.