Query: Which monarchs of the United Kingdom were married to a German?

Relevant passages:
Accession Council <=SEP=> In the United Kingdom, the Accession Council is a ceremonial body which assembles in St. James's Palace upon the death of a monarch (Demise of the Crown), to make a formal proclamation of the accession of his or her successor to the throne, and to receive a religious oath from the new monarch.

Act of Settlement 1701 <=SEP=> The Act of Settlement is an Act of the Parliament of England that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English and Irish crowns and thrones on the Electress Sophia of Hanover (a granddaughter of James VI of Scotland and I of England) and her non-Roman Catholic heirs.

Aimery of Cyprus <=SEP=> Aimery (Latin Aimericus; 1145 –  1 April 1205), born Aimery of Lusignan, was the first King of Cyprus (1194–1205) and tenth King of Jerusalem (1197–1205). He was an older brother of Guy of Lusignan. Older scholarship mistook the names Aimery and Amalric (Amaury) as variant spellings of the same name, so these historians erroneously added numbers for kings Amalric I (1163–74) and Amalric II (actually Aimery).

Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha <=SEP=> Alfred, KG, KT, KP, GCB, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO, PC (Alfred Ernest Albert; 6 August 1844 – 30 July 1900) reigned as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1893 to 1900. He was the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He was known as the Duke of Edinburgh from 1866 until he succeeded his paternal uncle Ernest II as the reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in the German Empire.

Alice and Martin Provensen <=SEP=> Alice Provensen (born August 14, 1917 or 1918) and Martin Provensen (July 10, 1916 – March 27, 1987) were an American couple who illustrated more than 40 children's books together, 19 of which they also wrote and edited. According to Alice, "we were a true collaboration. Martin and I really were one artist."Their early lives were remarkably similar. Both were born in Chicago and both moved to California when they were twelve.

Alois and Anna Bommer <=SEP=> Alois and Anna Bommer were a German couple who faced a military tribunal at Metz along with their three daughters after World War II.

Amlaíb Cuarán <=SEP=> Amlaíb mac Sitric (c. 927 – 981; Old Norse: Óláfr Sigtryggsson), commonly called Amlaíb Cuarán, in Old Norse: Óláfr kváran, was a 10th-century Norse-Gael who was King of Northumbria and Dublin. His byname, cuarán, is usually translated as "sandal". His name appears in a variety of anglicized forms, including Olaf Cuaran and Olaf Sihtricson, particularly in relation to his short-lived rule in York.

Anusapati <=SEP=> Anusapati, Anushanatha, or Anushapati, the second king of Singhasari (a kingdom located in east Java between 1222 and 1248).He was the son of Tunggul Ametung, the first husband of Ken Dedes.  Anushapati assassinated Ken Arok in 1227, avenging his father's death.Tunggul Ametung, who was a resident of Singashari before it became a kingdom, was killed by Ken Arok using a cursed kris, a type of Javanese knife, forged by Mpu Gandring.

Beatrice of Savoy, Marchioness of Saluzzo <=SEP=> Beatrice of Savoy (before 4 March 1223 – 10 May before 1259) was a daughter of Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy and his first wife Marguerite of Burgundy.  She was a member of the House of Savoy by birth and by her first marriage she was Marchioness consort of Saluzzo.Beatrice was the elder of two daughters; her younger sister Margaret was married to Boniface II, Marquess of Montferrat.

Bernard Frederick Trench <=SEP=> Captain Bernard Frederick Trench (17 July 1880 – 10 October 1967) was a British soldier and famous spy who was caught and convicted by the German authorities just a few years before World War I. In 1913 he was released as a present to Ernest Augustus the Duke of Brunswick when Augustus married the German Kaiser's daughter, Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia.

Bernd and Hilla Becher <=SEP=> Bernhard "Bernd" Becher (German: [ˈbɛçɐ]; August 20, 1931 – June 22, 2007), and Hilla Becher, née Wobeser (born September 2, 1934), were German conceptual artists and photographers working as a collaborative duo. They are best known for their extensive series of photographic images, or typologies, of industrial buildings and structures, often organised in grids.

British prince <=SEP=> The title of prince of the United Kingdom is granted by its sovereign, the reigning king or queen, who is the fount of all honours.  The title Prince of the United Kingdom is conferred through the issuing of Letters Patent, as an expression of the royal will.  Individuals holding the title of prince will usually also be granted the style His Royal Highness (HRH).

Burns and Allen <=SEP=> Burns and Allen was an American comedy duo consisting of George Burns (1896–1996) and his wife, Gracie Allen (1895–1964). They worked together as a comedy team in vaudeville, films, radio and television and achieved great success over four decades.

Captain & Tennille <=SEP=> Captain & Tennille were American recording artists whose primary success occurred in the 1970s. The husband-and-wife duo were "Captain" Daryl Dragon (born August 27, 1942) and Cathryn Antoinette "Toni" Tennille (born May 8, 1940). They have five albums certified gold or platinum and scored numerous hits on the US singles charts, the most enduring of which included "Love Will Keep Us Together", "Do That to Me One More Time", and "Muskrat Love".

Caroline of Brunswick <=SEP=> Caroline Amelia Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (17 May 1768 – 7 August 1821), best known as Caroline of Brunswick, was Queen of the United Kingdom as the wife of King George IV from 29 January 1820 until her death in 1821. Between 1795 and 1820, she was Princess of Wales.Her father was the ruler of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in Germany, and her mother, Princess Augusta, was the sister of George III.

Catholic Monarchs <=SEP=> The Catholic Monarchs (Spanish: Reyes Católicos) is the joint title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon.  They were both from the House of Trastámara and were second cousins, being both descended from John I of Castile; on marriage they were given a papal dispensation to deal with consanguinity by Sixtus IV.

Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha <=SEP=> {{sidebar| name = House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (UK)| bodystyle = background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse:collapse;| contentstyle = text-align: left; padding:0.3em 0.5em;| navbarstyle = padding-right: 0.5em;| cellspacing = 0| wraplinks = true| pretitle = British Royalty| title = House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha| headingstyle = background: #C5C5DD; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; text-align: left;| image = 160px| heading1 = Victoria and Albert| content1 = Grandchildren Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha  Marie, Queen of Romania Victoria Melita, Grand Duchess of Russia Alexandra, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg Princess Beatrice, Duchess of Galliera Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden Prince Arthur of Connaught Princess Patricia, Lady Ramsay Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha| heading2 = | content2 = Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (baptized Leopold Charles Edward George Albert German:  Leopold Carl Eduard Georg Albert; 19 July 1884 – 6 March 1954), was the last reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, two duchies in Germany (from 30 July 1900 to 14 November 1918), and the head of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1900 until his death in 1954.

Conrad I of Germany <=SEP=> Conrad I (German: Konrad; c. 890 – 23 December 918), called the Younger, was the King of East Francia (Germany) from 911 to 918. He was the first elected German king and also the first to be anointed. He was chosen as king by the rulers of the stem duchies after the death of King Louis the Child.

Constantia Eriksdotter <=SEP=> Constantia Eriksdotter (1560-1649) was the illegitimate daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden and Agda Persdotter. She married the nobleman Henrik Frankelin (d. 1610) in 1594. She was called "The Queen of Tiveden".Constantia Eriksdotter and her sister Virginia were removed from their mother's custody when she married in 1561. This was illegal, as according to the law the mother had sole custody until the children reached the age of three.

Constitutional monarchy <=SEP=> A constitutional monarchy, limited monarchy or parliamentary monarchy (also called a crowned republic)  is a form of government in which governing powers of the monarch are restricted by a constitution.A constitutional monarchy may refer to a system in which the monarch acts as a non-party political head of state under the constitution, whether written or unwritten.

Court of Claims (United Kingdom) <=SEP=> The Court of Claims in the United Kingdom is a special court established after the accession of a new Sovereign to judge the validity of the claims of persons to perform certain honorary services at the coronation of the new monarch.The first recorded such court was held in 1377 before the Lord High Steward.

Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd <=SEP=> Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (born c. 1145-died 1203) was Prince of Gwynedd from 1170 to 1195. For a time he ruled jointly with his brothers Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd and Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd.Dafydd was the son of Owain Gwynedd by Cristin verch Goronwy (married c. 1145). Since Owain and Cristin were first cousins, the marriage was not accepted by the church, which regarded Dafydd as illegitimate. Dafydd first appears on the scene in 1157 when King Henry II of England invaded Gwynedd.

Declarations of war by Great Britain and the United Kingdom <=SEP=> A declaration of war is a formal declaration issued by a national government indicating that a state of war exists between that nation and another. In the United Kingdom, only the monarch has the power to declare war and peace, under the royal prerogative.

Derek Bekar <=SEP=> Derek Bekar (born September 15, 1975 in Burnaby, British Columbia) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player.

Duchess of Rothesay <=SEP=> Duchess of Rothesay is a Scottish courtesy title. It is held by the wife of the Dukes of Rothesay since the first Duke in 1398. Due to the mortality rate and the fact that very few Dukes of Rothesay were of majority or married prior to ascending the throne (if that), there have in fact been only eight Duchesses of Rothesay.

Ecgric of East Anglia <=SEP=> Ecgric (killed circa 636) was a king of East Anglia, the independent Anglo-Saxon kingdom that today includes the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. He was a member of the ruling Wuffingas dynasty, but his relationship with other known members of the dynasty is not known with any certainty. Anna of East Anglia may have been his brother, or his cousin. It has also been suggested that he was identical with Æthelric, who married Hereswith and was the father of Ealdwulf of East Anglia.

Edward VII <=SEP=> Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death.The eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Edward was related to royalty throughout Europe. Before his accession to the throne, he served as heir apparent and held the title of Prince of Wales for longer than any of his predecessors.

Edward VIII <=SEP=> Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December the same year.Edward was the eldest son of King George V and Queen Mary. He was created Prince of Wales on his sixteenth birthday, nine weeks after his father succeeded as king.

Elizabeth II <=SEP=> Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the queen of 16 of the 53 member states in the Commonwealth of Nations. She is Head of the Commonwealth and Supreme Governor of the Church of England.Upon her accession on 6 February 1952, Elizabeth became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon.

Ermesinda of Bigorre <=SEP=> Ermesinda of Bigorre, born Gerberga (1015 – 1 December 1049) was a daughter of Bernard-Roger, Count of Bigorre and his wife Garsenda, Heiress of Bigorre. She was a member of the House of Foix, the sister of Bernard II, Count of Bigorre, Roger I, Count of Foix, and perhaps of Stephanie who married García Sánchez III of Navarre.Gerberga married on 22 August 1036 to King Ramiro I of Aragon. After her wedding Gerberga changed her name to Ermesinda.

Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick <=SEP=> Ernest Augustus III (Ernest Augustus Christian George; German: Ernst August Christian Georg; 17 November 1887 – 30 January 1953), reigning Duke of Brunswick (2 November 1913 – 8 November 1918), was a grandson of George V of Hanover, whom the Prussians deposed in 1866.

Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha <=SEP=> Ernest II (Ernst August Karl Johann Leopold Alexander Eduard; 21 June 1818 – 22 August 1893) was the sovereign duke of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, reigning from 1844 to his death. Ernest was born in Coburg as the eldest child of Ernest III, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and his duchess, Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Fourteen months later, his family would be joined by one brother, Prince Albert, later consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

Federal prince <=SEP=> Federal prince (German: Bundesfürsten, "Princes of the Federation") was the generic term for the royal heads of state (monarchs) of the various states making up the German Empire, with the exception of the states that were republics and Alsace-Lorraine which had a special status. The empire was a federal state, with its constituent states remaining sovereign states.

Ferdinand I of Austria <=SEP=> Ferdinand I (19 April 1793 – 29 June 1875) was Emperor of Austria, President of the German Confederation, King of Hungary and Bohemia (as Ferdinand V), as well as associated dominions from the death of his father (Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor)on 2 March 1835, until his abdication after the Revolutions of 1848.He married Maria Anna of Savoy, the sixth child of Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia. They had no issue.

Ferdy Mayne <=SEP=> Ferdy Mayne (11 March 1916 – 30 January 1998) was a German actor long resident in England.

Foreign-born population of the United Kingdom <=SEP=> The foreign-born population of the United Kingdom includes immigrants from a wide range of countries who are resident in the United Kingdom.

Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier <=SEP=> Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier and 1st Baron Ettrick, KT, PC (15 September 1819 – 19 December 1898), was a Scottish polyglot, diplomat and colonial administrator. He served as the British Minister to the United States from 1857 to 1859, Netherlands from 1859 to 1860, Russia from 1861 to 1864, Prussia from 1864 to 1866 and as the Governor of Madras from 1866 to 1872.

Franciszek and Magdalena Banasiewicz <=SEP=> The family of Franciszek and Magdalena Banasiewicz with sons: Jerzy, Tadeusz, Antoni, and daughter Maria lived on a farm in Orzechowce near Przemyśl during the Nazi German occupation of Poland in World War II. In July 1991 they were bestowed the titles of Righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem for rescuing fifteen Jews escaping the Holocaust from the ghetto in Przemyśl.Franciszek Banasiewicz (2 April 1884 – 5 February 1954) was a decorative painter before the war.

Franz Sondheimer <=SEP=> Franz Sondheimer FRS (17 May 1926 – 11 February 1981) was a British chemist.

Frederick III, German Emperor <=SEP=> Frederick III (German: Friedrich III., Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen; 18 October 1831 – 15 June 1888) was German Emperor and King of Prussia for 99 days in 1888, the Year of the Three Emperors. Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl, known informally as Fritz, was the only son of Emperor Wilhelm I and was raised in his family's tradition of military service.

Frederick the Great <=SEP=> Frederick II (German: Friedrich; 24 January 1712 – 17 August 1786) was King of Prussia 1740 until 1786. Frederick's achievements during his reign included his military victories, his reorganization of Prussian armies, his patronage of the Arts and the Enlightenment in Prussia, and his final success against great odds in the Seven Years' War.

Fruela II of Asturias <=SEP=> Fruela II (Froila II) (c. 875–July 925) was the King of Asturias from the death of his father, Alfonso III of Asturias, in 910 to his own death. When his father died, the kingdom was divided, with the third son, Fruela, taking the original portion (Asturias); the second, Ordoño, taking Galicia; and the eldest, García, taking León. As king of Asturias, he had the job of consolidating the region later called Castile and keeping its counts in check.Fruela's mother was Jimena of Pamplona.

George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen <=SEP=> George Joachim Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen GCSI GCIE CBE VD PC (15 October 1866 – 24 July 1952) was a British politician who served as Member of Parliament for East Grinstead from 1895 to 1906 and as Governor of Madras from 1924 to 1929.George Joachim Goschen, 2nd Viscount was the son of prominent Conservative politician and Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen.

George III of the United Kingdom <=SEP=> George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. He was concurrently Duke and prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg "\Hanover") in the Holy Roman Empire until his promotion to King of Hanover on 12 October 1814.

George II of Great Britain <=SEP=> George II (George Augustus; German: Georg II. August; 30 October / 9 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 (O.S.) until his death.George was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain: he was born and brought up in northern Germany.

George IV of the United Kingdom <=SEP=> George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover following the death of his father, George III, on 29 January 1820, until his own death ten years later. From 1811 until his accession, he served as Prince Regent during his father's final mental illness.George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era. He was a patron of new forms of leisure, style and taste.

George V <=SEP=> George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.He was the second son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), and the grandson of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria.

George VI <=SEP=> George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother, Edward.

Gepaepyris <=SEP=> Gepaepyris (Greek: Γηπαιπυρεως, flourished 1st century) was a Thracian Princess and a Roman Client Queen of the Bosporan Kingdom. Gepaepyris was the first daughter and was among the children of Roman Client Rulers of Thrace, Cotys VIII and Antonia Tryphaena. Her maternal grandparents were Roman Client Rulers Polemon Pythodoros and Pythodorida of Pontus, while her paternal grandparents were Roman Client Rulers Rhoemetalces I and Pythodoris I of Thrace.

German Confederation <=SEP=> The German Confederation (German: Deutscher Bund) was a loose association of 39 German states in Central Europe, created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries and to replace the former Holy Roman Empire. According to historian Lloyd E. Lee, most historians have judged the Confederation to be weak and ineffective, as well as an obstacle to German nationalist aspirations.

German Jubilate Harmonium Reeds <=SEP=> German Jubilate/Harmola/Monarch Harmonium Reeds are brass reeds used in Indian harmoniums that were manufactured in Germany between 1911 and the early 1960s.  The Jubilate/Harmola/Monarch reeds were originally manufactured for American style suction reed organs being manufactured in Germany on machinery that was bought second hand in Chicago in the USA and imported to Germany by Karl Mannborg son of Theodor Mannborg.

Gershom Scholem <=SEP=> Gerhard Scholem who, after his immigration from Germany to Palestine, changed his name to Gershom Scholem (Hebrew: גרשם שלום) (December 5, 1897 – February 21, 1982), was a German-born Israeli philosopher and historian. He is widely regarded as the founder of the modern, academic study of Kabbalah, becoming the first Professor of Jewish Mysticism at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Godfrey Kneller <=SEP=> Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1st Baronet (born Gottfried Kniller; 8 August 1646 – 19 October 1723) was the leading portrait painter in England during the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and was court painter to English and British monarchs from Charles II to George I.

Heinz Cassirer <=SEP=> Heinrich (Heinz) Walter Cassirer (9 August 1903 – 20 February 1979) was a Kantian philosopher, the son of a famous German philosopher, Ernst Cassirer. Being Jews, the Cassirer family fled the Nazis in the 1930s.  Heinz went to University of Glasgow working with Professor H. J. Paton, who persuaded him to write a book on Kant's third Critique, the Critique of Judgment. Following Paton, he moved to Oxford, lecturing at Corpus Christi College.He was a noted scholar on the thought of Kant.

Hermanafrid <=SEP=> Hermanfrid (also Hermanifrid or Hermanafrid; Latin: Hermenfredus) was the last independent king of the Thuringii in present day Germany. He was one of three sons of King Bessinus (or Bisinus) and the Lombard Menia (or Basina). His siblings were Baderic; Radegund (the elder), married to the Lombard king Wacho; and Bertachar.Hermanfrid married Amalaberga, daughter of Amalafrida who was the daughter of Theodemir, between 507 and 511. Amalberga was also the niece of Theodoric the Great.

Hermann von Richthofen <=SEP=> Dr. iur. Hermann Freiherr von Richthofen, GCVO (born 20 November 1933 in Breslau) is a German diplomat.He was ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1989 to 1993, and his name made him a media favourite. He was later ambassador to the NATO headquarters from 1993 to 1998.Hermann von Richthofen was married and had three children with his wife.Hermann Freiherr von Richthofen was awarded an honorary LLD by Birmingham University in 2000.

Hermeneric <=SEP=> Hermeneric was a Suevic King of Galicia according to a now lost document described by the priest Antonio de Yepes. According to Yepes, the king reigned around 485, which falls within a century-long period (469–c.560) of obscurity during which the Sueves were predominantly Arian Christians. Hermeneric was said to be a destroyer of churches and persecutor of Catholic Christians.

Hostage MP <=SEP=> During the State Opening of Parliament in the United Kingdom, one member of Parliament, known as the hostage MP, travels to Buckingham Palace before the Queen travels to Parliament. The hostage is released upon safe return of the Queen. This tradition began when the monarch and Parliament were on less friendly terms.The hostage MP is usually a government whip.  In 2014 the hostage was Desmond Swayne. In 2015 the role was fulfilled by Kris Hopkins.

House of Hanover <=SEP=> The House of Hanover (or the Hanoverians /ˌhænɵˈvɪəriənz/; German: Haus Hannover) is a German royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Braunschweig-Lüneburg), the Kingdom of Hanover, the Kingdom of Great Britain, the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland in 1714 and held that office until the death of Queen Victoria in 1901.

House of Wettin <=SEP=> The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors and kings that once ruled territories of present-day German states of Saxony and Thuringia for 953 years. The royal house is one of the oldest of Europe. Its origins can be traced back to the town of Wettin, Saxony-Anhalt. The Wettins gradually rose to power within the Holy Roman Empire. Members of the royal family became the monarchs of several medieval states, starting with Saxon Eastern March in 1030.

Indravarman III <=SEP=> Indravarman III (Khmer: ឥន្ទ្រវរ្ម័នទី៣; also titled Srindravarman ) was a ruler of the Khmer Empire from 1295 to 1308. He rose to power after the abdication of his father in law Jayavarman VIII, whose eldest daughter, Srindrabhupesvarachuda, he had married.  Indravarman III was a follower of Theravada Buddhism and upon his ascension to power he made it the state religion.According to legends he was known for his special weapon, a bat made of ironwood.

James Kleist <=SEP=> James Aloysius Kleist, S.J. (Zabrze, 1873 -St. Louis, 1949) was a German-born American Jesuit scholar of Koine Greek and patristic literature.Kleist was born in the one of the villages which were later merged to form the town of Zabrze in the Kingdom of Prussia. He attended school in Gleiwitz, then Beuthen, and in 1892 entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus at  Bleijenbeek castle in Afferden, the Netherlands, after which he was sent to the United States. For a year he taught at St.

Jan and Anna Puchalski <=SEP=> Jan and Anna Puchalski were the Polish husband and wife who lived in the village of Łosośna in north-eastern Poland on the outskirts of Grodno (now 20 km into Belarus) during the Nazi German occupation of Poland. Together, they rescued Polish Jews from the Holocaust, including escapees from the ghetto in Grodno before its brutal liquidation.  Puchalskis were posthumously bestowed the titles of Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem in June 1986.

Jayavarman VII <=SEP=> Jayavarman VII, posthumous name of Mahaparamasaugata, (Khmer: ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៧, 1125–1218) was a king (reigned c.1181-1218) of the Khmer Empire  in present day Siem Reap, Cambodia. He was the son of King Dharanindravarman II (r. 1150-1160) and Queen Sri Jayarajacudamani. He married Princess Jayarajadevi and then, after her death, married her sister Indradevi.

Jilji of Geumgwan Gaya <=SEP=> Jilji of Geumgwan Gaya (died 492) (r. 451–492) was the eighth ruler of Geumgwan Gaya, a Gaya state of ancient Korea.  He was the son of King Chwihui and Queen Indeok.  He married Queen Bangwon, who was the daughter of the Sagan Geumsang.A passage in the Samguk Yusa indicates that he built a Buddhist temple for the ancestral queen Heo Hwang-ok on the spot where she and King Suro were married.  He called the temple Wanghusa "\the Queen's temple") and provided it with ten gyeol of stipend land.

Jim Tomsula <=SEP=> James Andrew Tomsula (born April 14, 1968) is an American football coach. He is currently the head coach for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL), a position he has held since January 2015, hailing from the Mike Nolan coaching tree. He previously served as the defensive line coach of the 49ers from February 2007 until his promotion. Tomsula was also San Francisco's interim head coach for the final game of the 2010 season.

John and Elizabeth Sherrill <=SEP=> John L. Sherrill (born 1923, Covington, Tennessee) and Elizabeth Sherrill (born 1928, Hollywood, California) are Christian writers. They have co-authored a number of best-selling books, including:God's Smuggler with Brother AndrewThe Hiding Place with Corrie ten BoomThe Cross and the Switchblade with David WilkersonFrom 1944 to 1951 John Sherrill was a free-lance writer in Europe. John and Elizabeth Sherrill met aboard ship on their way to Europe and were married in Switzerland in 1947.

Joseon missions to Ryukyu Kingdom <=SEP=> Joseon missions to Ryūkyū Kingdom were diplomatic and trade ventures of the Joseon Dynasty which were intermittently sent after 1392.  These diplomatic contacts were within the Sinocentric system of bilateral and multinational relationships in East Asia.

Kaiserreich abdication of Wilhelm II <=SEP=> The Kaiserreich abdication was issued by Wilhelm II, German Emperor, the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia. He ruled the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918. Kaiser Wilhelm II issued his abdication statement on 28 November, 1918, from exile in Amerongen. Following the abdication statement and German Revolution of 1918–19, the German nobility as a legally defined class was abolished.

Kingdom of Great Britain <=SEP=> The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially Great Britain /ɡreɪt ˈbrɪ.tən/, was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800. The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706, ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands. It did not include Ireland, which remained a separate realm.

Kingdom of Prussia <=SEP=> The Kingdom of Prussia (German: Königreich Preußen) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918 and included parts of present-day Germany, Poland, Russia, Lithuania, Denmark, Belgium and the Czech Republic. It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1871, and was the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918.

Klaus and Eva Herlitz <=SEP=> Klaus and Eva Herlitz are German businesspeople, living in Berlin. They are married since 1972 and they have three sons.Klaus Herlitz (born 1947 in Berlin) and Eva Herlitz (born 1952 in Solingen) are the initiators of theUnited Buddy Bears activities. In Berlin 2002, the idea was born to motivate as many countries acknowledged by the United Nations as possible to select an artist - with the result that more than 148 artists have designed a large Budddy Bear (2 meters tall) so far.

Kyiso <=SEP=> Kyiso (Burmese: ကျဉ်စိုး, pronounced: [tɕɪ̀ɴsó]; c. 1000–1038) was king of Pagan dynasty from 1021 to 1038. According to the Burmese chronicles, Kyiso was a son of King Nyaung-u Sawrahan but raised by King Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu. Kunhsaw married Nyuang-u's three chief queens, two of whom were pregnant and subsequently gave birth to Kyiso and Sokkate. Sokkate and Kyiso were raised by Kunhsaw as his own sons.

Leopold I of Belgium <=SEP=> Leopold I (French: Léopold Ier, German and Dutch: Leopold I; Coburg, 16 December 1790 – Laeken, 10 December 1865) was a German prince who became the first King of the Belgians following Belgian independence in 1830. He reigned between July 1831 and December 1865.

Lewis Padgett <=SEP=> Lewis Padgett was the joint pseudonym of the science fiction authors and spouses Henry Kuttner and C. L. Moore, taken from their mothers' maiden names. They also used the pseudonyms Lawrence O'Donnell and C. H. Liddell, as well as collaborating under their own names.Writing as 'Lewis Padgett' they were the author of many humorous short stories of science fiction in the 1940s and 1950s.

Liliane and Maurice Barrard <=SEP=> Liliane Barrard (1948 - June 24, 1986) and Maurice Barrard (1941? – June 24, 1986) were a French couple who made a brief celebrity career climbing at high altitude, mainly in the Himalayan and Karakoram ranges, and emphasising 'Alpine', 'fast and light' style ascents.

Line of succession to the former German throne <=SEP=> The German Empire and Kingdom of Prussia were abolished in 1918. The current head of the former ruling House of Hohenzollern is Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia. The Law of Succession used is Agnatic Primogeniture.The Head of the House of Hohenzollern is styled His Imperial and Royal Highness the Prince of Prussia and is the titular German Emperor, King of Prussia.

List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Nicaragua <=SEP=> The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the Republic of Nicaragua is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in Nicaragua, and in charge of the UK's diplomatic mission in Managua.Until 1945, UK envoys to Guatemala were also accredited to Nicaragua (see List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Guatemala), but there were occasionally consular representatives in the country. From 1976 to 1991 and 2004 to 2011 the ambassador to Costa Rica was also accredited to Nicaragua.

List of Anglo-Saxon monarchs and kingdoms <=SEP=> A succession of monarchs ruled the various independent kingdoms which arose in England following the end of Roman rule in Britain in the 5th century.  The most prominent of these kingdoms were Kent, East Anglia, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia and Northumbria, with each kingdom often recognising their own monarch.The early genealogies are based on the (semi-historical) Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies as compiled in the 9th century.

List of Belgian consorts <=SEP=> Consorts of Belgium were women married to the Belgian monarchs during their reigns. As the only spouse of a recognized popular monarch, all female spouses of the monarchs of Belgium were titled Queen of the Belgians and styled Majesty, with the exception of Leopold III of Belgium's second wife Lilian Baels, who was styled Princess of Belgium, Princess of Réthy.

List of British consorts <=SEP=> See also: List of British monarchs.For the royal consorts of the predecessor realms of Scotland, England and Ireland, see List of Scottish consorts, List of English consorts and List of Irish consorts.A royal consort is the spouse of a ruling King or Queen. Consorts of monarchs in the United Kingdom and its predecessors have no constitutional status or power but many had significant influence over their spouse.

List of British monarchs <=SEP=> There have been 12 monarchs of Great Britain and the United Kingdom (see the Monarchy of the United Kingdom). A new Kingdom of Great Britain was formed on 1 May 1707 with the merger of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which had been in personal union under the House of Stuart since 24 March 1603. On 1 January 1801, Great Britain merged with the Kingdom of Ireland (also previously in personal union with Great Britain) to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

List of French consorts <=SEP=> See also List of French monarchs and List of Frankish queensThis is a list of the women who have been queens consort or empresses consort of the French monarchy. All monarchs of France were male, although some women have governed France as regents.53 women were married to French monarchs: 49 queens and three empresses. Ingeborg of Denmark and Anne of Brittany were each queen more than once.

List of Hanoverian consorts <=SEP=> Consorts of Hanover were women married to the Hanoverian monarchs during their reigns. Because of the salic law of succession, all monarchs of Hanover were male with the title of King of Hanover and before that Elector of Hanover, while all Hanoverian consorts were women with the title of Queen of Hanover and style Majesty and before that title Electress of Hanover and style Royal Highness. The following women spouses of the monarchs of Hanover between 1692 and 1878:

List of Igbo Nnewi Monarch <=SEP=> The Monarchy of Nnewi concerns the monarchical head of state of Nnewi, which is a traditional and hereditary monarchy with a tetrarchy system. The Kingdom of Nnewi has been a monarchy since 15th Century. Chiefdoms were set up at various dates in the four quarters, but it was naturally in Otolo - the original settlement of Mmaku, the grandfather of Nnewi - that the first chiefdom was established under the reign of Mmaku in 1498. Mmaku's wife was Ifenweugwu and his son, Ikenga.

List of Montenegrin consorts <=SEP=> Consorts of Montenegro were women married to the Montenegrin monarchs during their reigns. All monarchs of Montenegro were male with the title of King of Montenegro and before that Prince of Montenegro, and even earlier  Prince-Bishop of Montenegro; while all Montenegrin consorts were women with the title of Queen of Montenegro and style Majesty and before that title Princess of Montenegro and style Royal Highness.

List of Scottish monarchs <=SEP=> The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. According to tradition, the first King of Scots (Middle Scots: King of Scottis, Modern Scots: Keeng o Scots Scottish Gaelic: Rìghrean Albannaich) was Kenneth MacAlpin (Cináed mac Ailpín), who founded the state in 843.

List of early and legendary monarchs of Burma <=SEP=> This is a list of early and legendary monarchs of Burma (Myanmar). It covers the monarchs of the early polities according to the Royal Chronicles that gave rise to Pagan Kingdom. The list consists of two types. Some of the dynasties were likely derived from "Indian legends taken from Sanskrit or Pali originals" in order to link the Burmese monarchy to the Buddha.

List of heirs to the British throne <=SEP=> This is a list of the individuals who were, at any given time, considered the next in line to succeed the British monarch to inherit the throne of the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800), the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922), and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1922–present), should the incumbent monarch die or abdicate. Those who actually succeeded (at any future time) are shown in bold.

List of kingdoms and royal dynasties <=SEP=> Monarchism is a movement that supports the monarchy as a form of government.

List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign <=SEP=> The following is a list, ordered by length of reign, of the monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (Northern Ireland after 1927), the Kingdom of Great Britain, the Kingdom of England since AD 925, the Kingdom of Scotland since AD 1107, and the Principality of Wales from AD 1170.The present queen, Elizabeth II, became the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015.

List of treaty titles for monarchs <=SEP=> Several monarchs had titles used in diplomatic settings which were not part of their official national  Royal Style, but which signified their nationality.  The Treaty of Paris (1763) is an example of the use of these 'treaty titles'.

Lists of monarchs in the Americas <=SEP=> This list of monarchs in the Americas includes all monarchs who have reigned the various kingdoms and territories that have existed in the Americas throughout recorded history.

Lists of monarchs in the British Isles <=SEP=> This page links to lists of monarchs that have reigned the various kingdoms and other states that have existed in the British Isles throughout recorded history.King of the Britons List of legendary kings of ScotlandAncient Britons (legendary)Ancient Britons (historical)EnglandBerniciaBretwaldas (overlords)DeiraEast AngliaEssexHwicceIsle of WightKent LindseyMagonsaeteMerciaNorthumbriaSussexWessexYorkChannel IslandsGreat Britain and the United KingdomIrelandHigh Kings (including legendary)AilechAirgíallaBreifneConnachtDublinLeinsterMideMoylurgMunsterOsraigeTaraTir EogainUisnechUlsterMannMann & the IslesMann (lords)ScotlandDál RiataGallowayOrkneyPictsRhinnsStrathclydeWalesDumnoniaElmetGwyneddPowysRheged

Louis XII of France <=SEP=> Louis XII (27 June 1462 – 1 January 1515) was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Maria of Cleves, he succeeded his cousin Charles VIII, who died without a closer heir in 1498.Before his accession to the throne of France, he was known as Louis of Orléans and was compelled to be married to his handicapped and supposedly sterile cousin Joan by his uncle, king Louis XI.

Manuel II of Portugal <=SEP=> Dom Manuel II (15 November 1889 – 2 July 1932) "the Patriot" (Portuguese: "o Patriota") or "the Unfortunate" (Portuguese: "o Desventurado") was the last King of Portugal, ascending the throne after the assassination of his father, King Carlos I of Portugal, and his elder brother, Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal. Before ascending the throne he was Duke of Beja.

Marie and Robert Weatherall <=SEP=> Marie and Robert Weatherall were a married couple who collaborated in translating the work of Karel Čapek into English.Marie Weatherall, née Isakovicsová (1896 or 1897 – 1972) was from Czechoslovakia.

Marie of Romania <=SEP=> Princess Marie of Edinburgh, more commonly known as Marie of Romania (Marie Alexandra Victoria; 29 October 1875 – 18 July 1938), was the last Queen consort of Romania as the wife of King Ferdinand I.Born into the British royal family, she was titled Princess Marie of Edinburgh at birth. Her parents were Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. Marie's early years were spent in Kent, Malta and Coburg.

Married Women's Association <=SEP=> The Married Women's Association (MWA) was a British women's organisation founded by Edith Summerskill and Juanita Frances in 1938.Summerskill became the association's first president.

Martin I of Sicily <=SEP=> Martin I of Sicily (c. 1374/1376 – 25 July 1409), called  "The Younger", was King of Sicily from 1390 to 1409.Martin's father was the future King Martin I of Aragon, and his grandparents were King Peter IV of Aragon and Eleanor of Sicily. In 1389/1390/February, 1392 he married Maria of Sicily, born in 1362/1363. In 1392 he returned with Maria to Sicily with a military force and defeated a group of opposing barons.

Martin and Osa Johnson <=SEP=> Martin Elmer Johnson (October 9, 1884 – January 13, 1937) and his wife Osa Helen Johnson (née Leighty, March 14, 1894 – January 7, 1953) were American adventurers and documentary filmmakers.

Mechtilde Lichnowsky <=SEP=> Mechtilde Lichnowsky, originally Mechtilde Christiane Marie Gräfin von und zu Arco-Zinneberg, later Mechtilde Peto (8 March 1879, in Schloss Schönburg, Pocking now in the Kreis Passau - 4 June 1958, in London) was a German author, married to Karl Max, Fürst von Lichnowsky, 6th Prince and 8th Count Lichnowsky (1860–1928) who succeeded his father in 1901, and served as Imperial German Ambassador to the Court of St.

Min Saw Hla <=SEP=> In this Burmese name, Min Saw is an honorific.Min Saw Hla (Burmese: မင်းစောလှ, [mɪ́ɴ sɔ́ l̥a̰]; 1532–1564) was king of Arakan from 1556 to 1564. At accession, he made his first wife Saw Bon-Htut the chief queen but also married his father's chief queen Saw Thanda. He ordered a massive building program which built and repaired dams, irrigation canals as well as improved the defenses of Mrauk-U and other key towns around the kingdom.

Minbyauk Thihapate <=SEP=> Minbyauk Thihapate (Burmese: မင်းပြောက် သီဟပတေ့ [mɪ́ɴbjaʊʔ θìha̰pətḛ]; 1309–1364) was the last king of Sagaing, who reigned from 1352 to 1364. His claim to the throne was that he was married to Soe Min Kodawgyi, the daughter of Saw Yun, founder of the kingdom.Although a Shan chief himself, the last five years of his reign (1359–1364) were beset by repeated Shan raids from the north, principally from the Shan princely state of Mogaung.

Monarch <=SEP=> A monarch is the sovereign head of state in a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the most and highest authority in the state or others may wield that power on behalf of the monarch. Typically a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch.

Monarchies in Europe <=SEP=> There are currently twelve (12) sovereign monarchies in Europe: the Principality of Andorra, the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Principality of Monaco, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Norway, the Kingdom of Spain, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the State of the Vatican City.

Monarchy <=SEP=> A monarchy is a form of government in which sovereignty is actually or nominally embodied in one or several individual(s) reigning until death or abdication. They are called the monarchs. Forms of monarchy differ widely based on the level of legal autonomy the monarch holds in governance, the method of selection of the monarch, and any predetermined limits on the length of their tenure.

Monarchy of Ceylon <=SEP=> The Monarchy of Ceylon (the Ceylonese monarchy) was the system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign of British Ceylon (1815–1948) and then the Dominion of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from 1948 to 1971. Ceylon shared the Sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Ceylon.

Monarchy of India <=SEP=> The Monarchy of India was the system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign of the Dominion of India from 1947 to 1950. India shared the same person as its sovereign with the United Kingdom and the other Dominions in the British Commonwealth of Nations. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly carried out by the Governor-General of India.

Monarchy of Pakistan <=SEP=> The Monarchy of Pakistan (the Pakistani monarchy) was the system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign of the Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1956. Pakistan shared the Sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Pakistan.

Monarchy of the United Kingdom <=SEP=> The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The monarch's title is "King" (male) or "Queen" (female). The current monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, ascended the throne on the death of her father, King George VI, on 6 February 1952.The monarch and his or her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial, diplomatic and representational duties.

Nevile Henderson <=SEP=> Sir Nevile Meyrick Henderson KCMG (10 June 1882 – 30 December 1942) was a British diplomat and Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Nazi Germany from 1937 to 1939.

Nicholas Henderson <=SEP=> Sir (John) Nicholas Henderson, GCMG KCVO (1 April 1919 – 16 March 2009) was a distinguished British career diplomat and writer, who served as British Ambassador to the United States from 1979 to 1982.

Nicholas II of Russia <=SEP=> Nicholas II (Russian: Николай II, Николай Александрович Романов, tr. Nikolai II, Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ftɐˈroj, nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ rɐˈmanəf]) (18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) was the last Emperor of Russia, Grand Duke of Finland, and titular King of Poland. His official short title was Tsar Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias.

Pelagius of Asturias <=SEP=> Pelagius (Spanish: Pelayo; c. 685 – 737) was a Visigothic nobleman who founded the Kingdom of Asturias, ruling it from 718 until his death. Through his victory at the Battle of Covadonga, he is credited with beginning the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian peninsula from the Moors.

Percy and Florence Arrowsmith <=SEP=> Percy Arrowsmith (March 13, 1900 – June 15, 2005) and Florence Arrowsmith (October 31, 1904 – April 9, 2007) were, until Percy's death, a married couple residing in Hereford, England.

Personal union <=SEP=> A personal union is the combination of two or more states who have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. It differs from a federation in that each constituent state has an independent government, whereas a federal state is united by a central government.

Peter and Rosemary Grant <=SEP=> Peter Raymond Grant and Barbara Rosemary Grant, a married couple, are both British evolutionary biologists at Princeton University; each holds the position of Emeritus Professor.  They are noted for their work concerning Darwin's finches on the Galápagos Island named Daphne Major.

Philip III of Spain <=SEP=> Philip III of Spain (Spanish: Felipe III «el piadoso»; 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621) was King of Spain (as Philip III in Castile and Philip II in Aragon) and Portugal (Portuguese: Filipe II).A member of the House of Habsburg, Philip III was born in Madrid to King Philip II of Spain and his fourth wife and niece Anna, the daughter of the Emperor Maximilian II and Maria of Spain. Philip III later married his cousin Margaret of Austria, sister of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.

Polemon II of Pontus <=SEP=> Marcus Antonius Polemon Pythodoros, also known as Polemon II of Pontus and Polemon of Cilicia (Greek: Μάρκος Ἀντώνιος Πολέμων Πυθόδωρος; 12 BC/11 BC–74) was a prince of the Bosporan, Pontus, Cilicia and Cappadocia. He served as a Roman Client King of Pontus, Colchis and Cilicia.Polemon II was the second son and middle child of the Pontic Rulers Polemon Pythodoros and Pythodorida of Pontus.

Prince of Wales <=SEP=> Prince of Wales (Welsh: Tywysog Cymru) is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent of the British or English monarch. The current Prince of Wales is Prince Charles, the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II, who is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other independent Commonwealth realms as well as Head of the 53-member Commonwealth of Nations.

Prussian Crown Jewels <=SEP=> The Prussian Crown Jewels (German: Preußischen Kronjuwelen), is the royal regalia consisting of two crowns, an orb, and sceptre used during the coronation of the monarchs of Prussia from the House of Hohenzollern. After the King of Prussia became German Emperor on the establishment of the German Empire on 18 January 1871, they were no longer used as the position of King of Prussia while still remaining, was a title of minor importance compared to the new role as German Emperor.

Queen Victoria <=SEP=> Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she had the additional title of Empress of India.Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III.

R&J Stone <=SEP=> R&J Stone were the English/American husband and wife duo, Russell Oliver Stone and Joanne Stone. The pair were originally members of James Last's British Choir for a number of years. They had a hit single in the mid 1970s with their self penned song "We Do It". The track was produced by Phil Swern. Some time after their hit, Russell Stone decided that he did not want to remain as a singer, and preferred to concentrate on producing and writing for his wife.

Ramiro I of Aragon <=SEP=> Ramiro I (bef. 1007 – 8 May 1063) was the first King of Aragon from 1035 until his death. Apparently born before 1007, he was the illegitimate son of Sancho III of Navarre by his mistress Sancha de Aybar.

Regency Acts <=SEP=> The Regency Acts are Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed at various times, to provide a regent in the event of the reigning monarch being incapacitated or a minor (under the age of 18). Prior to 1937, Regency Acts were passed only when necessary to deal with a specific situation.

Regnal number <=SEP=> Regnal numbers are ordinal numbers used to distinguish among persons with the same name who held the same office. Most importantly, they are used to distinguish monarchs. An ordinal is the number placed after a monarch's regnal name to differentiate between a number of kings, queens or princes reigning the same territory with the same regnal name.It is common to start counting either since the beginning of the monarchy, or since the beginning of a particular line of state succession.

Rhain ap Cadwgan <=SEP=> Rhain ap Cadwgan (English: Rhain, son of Cadwgan; died c. 740) was an 8th-century king of Dyfed and Brycheiniog in Wales of the Early Middle Ages. Cloten married the princess of Brycheiniog and briefly united the two kingdoms.  During Rhain's rule, however, King Seisyll of Ceredigion invaded Dyfed and annexed its Cantref Ystrad Tywi (c. 710). Ceredigion and Ystrad Towi were then merged to form Seisyllwg. Sometime after this, the reduced Dyfed and Brycheiniog were briefly called Rhainwg.

Ronald Nall-Cain, 2nd Baron Brocket <=SEP=> Arthur Ronald Nall Nall-Cain, 2nd Baron Brocket (4 August 1904 – 24 March 1967) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.Born into a millionaire brewing family, Nall-Cain was educated at Eton College and Oxford University, where he captained the golf team. He became a barrister and a Hertfordshire County Councillor. He was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Liverpool Wavertree at a by-election in 1931, and was a close associate of Neville Chamberlain.

Rulers of Mbundaland <=SEP=> The following is a complete list of rulers of the Mbunda Kingdom, established at the confluence of Kwilu and Kasai rivers in the now Democratic Republic of the Congo in the fifteenth century. In the early 17th century, it was re-established in Mbundaland, a state southeast of the present day Angola covering Moxico and Cuando Cubango Provinces.

Samuel and Bella Spewack <=SEP=> Samuel (September 16, 1899 – October 14, 1971) and Bella Spewack (March 25, 1899 – April 27, 1990) were a husband-and-wife writing team.Samuel, who also directed many of their plays, was born in Ukraine. He attended Stuyvesant High School in New York City and then received his degree from Columbia College.His wife, the oldest of three children of a single mother, was born Bella Cohen in Bucharest, Romania and with her family emigrated to the Lower East Side of Manhattan when she was a child.

Scottish Monarchs <=SEP=> The Scottish Monarchs were a motorcycle speedway team based in Glasgow, Scotland.At the end of the 1995 season, the Glasgow Tigers closed due a lack of finance and the Edinburgh Monarchs lost their home track, Powderhall Stadium, to redevelopment, leading to the Monarchs racing at Shawfield Stadium in Glasgow during the 1996 season under the guise of the Scottish Monarchs.Despite having the first rider to compete in the Speedway Grand Prix while a member of a Scottish speedway team, Stefano Alfonso, the team were poorly supported by fans of both the original clubs.

Serge and Beate Klarsfeld <=SEP=> Serge Klarsfeld (born 17 September 1935) and Beate Klarsfeld (née Künzel, born 13 February 1939) are activists known for documenting the Holocaust in order to establish the record and to enable the prosecution of war criminals.

Shrigley abduction <=SEP=> The Shrigley abduction was an 1826 British case of a forced marriage by Edward Gibbon Wakefield to the 15-year-old heiress Ellen Turner of Pott Shrigley. The couple were married in Gretna Green, Scotland and travelled to Calais before Turner's father was able to notify the authorities and intervene.  The marriage was annulled by Parliament, and Turner was legally married two years later, at the age of 17, to a wealthy neighbour of her class.

Signatories to the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe <=SEP=> The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was signed in Rome on 29 October 2004 by 53 senior political figures from the 25 member states of the European Union. In most cases heads of state designated plenipotentiaries to sign the treaty, but some presidents also signed on behalf of states which were republics. Most designated plenipotentiaries were prime ministers and foreign ministers.

Simon Smith (diplomat) <=SEP=> Simon John Meredith Smith CMG (born 14 January 1958 in Wegberg, Germany) is a British diplomat who was Ambassador to Ukraine 2012–2015.

Sir Horace Rumbold, 9th Baronet <=SEP=> Sir Horace George Montagu Rumbold, 9th Baronet GCB, GCMG, KCVO, PC (5 February 1869 - 24 May 1941) was a British diplomat. A well-travelled diplomat, learning Arabic, Japanese and German, he is best remembered for his role as British Ambassador to Berlin from 1928 to 1933, where he warned of the ambitions of Hitler and Nazi Germany.

Somerset Levels <=SEP=> The Somerset Levels are a coastal plain and wetland area of Somerset, South West England, running south from the Mendips to the Blackdown Hills.The Somerset Levels have an area of about 160,000 acres (650 km2) and are bisected by the Polden Hills; the areas to the south are drained by the River Parrett, and the areas to the North by the rivers Axe and Brue. The Mendip Hills separate the Somerset Levels from the North Somerset Levels.

Succession to the Crown Bill 2004 <=SEP=> This is about the planned bill introduced in 2004.

Svein Knutsson <=SEP=> Svein Knutsson (Old Norse: Sveinn Knútsson) c. 1016–1035, was the son of Cnut the Great, king of Denmark, Norway, and England, and his first wife Ælfgifu of Northampton, a Mercian noblewoman. In 1017 Cnut married Emma of Normandy, but there is no evidence that Ælfgifu was repudiated, and in 1030 Cnut sent her and Svein as regents to rule Norway. However, their rule was considered oppressive by the Norwegians, and they were expelled in 1034.

The McCarricks <=SEP=> The McCarricks are the husband and wife band of Martin McCarrick on cello and Kimberlee McCarrick on violin. they have collaborated widely, including Kristin Hersh, Sinéad O'Connor, Gary Numan, Marianne Faithfull and Patti Smith's Meltdown concerts at the Royal Festival Hall in London.Their solo performances are in front of silent films produced specially for their performances.

The Unbelievable Truth (radio show) <=SEP=> The Unbelievable Truth is a BBC radio comedy panel game made by Random Entertainment, devised by Graeme Garden and Jon Naismith. It is very similar to the occasional I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue game "Lies, All Lies", which was first played in 1985. The game is chaired by David Mitchell and is described in the programme's introduction as "the panel game built on truth and lies." The object of the game is to lie on a subject, whilst also trying to include the truth without being detected.

The White Stripes <=SEP=> The White Stripes were an American rock duo, formed in 1997 in Detroit, Michigan. The group consisted of the couple, married at the time, Jack White (songwriter, vocals, guitar, bass and keyboards) and Meg White (drums and occasional vocals). After releasing several singles and three albums within the Detroit music scene, The White Stripes rose to prominence in 2002, as part of the garage rock revival scene.

Thomas and Rosemarie Uva <=SEP=> Thomas Uva and Rosemarie Uva (often misspelled Rosemary or Rose Marie) were married ex-cons from Ozone Park, Queens and considered a modern-day "Bonnie and Clyde".

Three kingdoms (British Isles) <=SEP=> The Three Kingdoms were the constitutional union of all the British Isles—England, Scotland, and Ireland—under one king and parliament.  Ireland united on an equal footing with England when King Henry VIII elevated Ireland from a lordship to a Kingdom in 1542.  Scotland united on an equal footing with England when  James VI, King of Scots, ascended to both thrones of England and Ireland.  Thus each of the Three Kingdoms confederated under a single monarch by 24 March 1603.

Title and style of the Canadian monarch <=SEP=> The title and style of the Canadian sovereign is the formal mode of address of the monarch of Canada. The form is based on those that were inherited from the United Kingdom and France, used in the colonies to refer to the reigning monarch in Europe. As the possession of various Canadian territories changed ownership and then the country gained gradual independence, the style and title of the monarchs changed almost as often at the kings and queens themselves.

United Kingdom's emergency towing vessel fleet <=SEP=> The United Kingdom's emergency towing vessel fleet were a maintained fleet of emergency tow vessels (ETV) from 1993 through 2011.The vessels were privately owned and operated for Her Majesty's Coastguard.  Four vessels were stationed around the UK coastline, while a fifth was held in reserve.

Violet Attlee, Countess Attlee <=SEP=> Violet Helen Attlee, Countess Attlee (née Millar) (20 November 1895 – 7 June 1964) was the wife of British Prime Minister Clement Attlee.Helen Millar was born in Hampstead as the tenth child and youngest daughter of Henry Edward Millar, a prosperous businessman. Her early education took place in Hampstead before she went to Saint Felix School, a boarding school in Southwold and she worked as a VAD throughout World War I.

William IV of the United Kingdom <=SEP=> William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. The third son of George III and younger brother and successor to George IV, he was the last king and penultimate monarch of Britain's House of Hanover.William served in the Royal Navy in his youth and was, both during his reign and afterwards, nicknamed the "Sailor King".

William Nicholson (distiller) <=SEP=> William Nicholson (2 September 1825 – 25 July 1909) was an English distiller and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1866 and 1885, and later joined the Conservative Party. He was also an English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1845 to 1869.Nicholson was born at Upper Holloway, London, the son of John Nicholson of Upper Clapton, Middlesex and his wife Ellen Payne daughter of Richard Payne.

William and Mary <=SEP=> William and Mary were the co-regents over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, namely the Dutch Prince of Orange King William III (& II) and his spouse (and first cousin) Queen Mary II. Their joint reign began in February 1689 after they were offered the throne by the Convention Parliament irregularly summoned by William after his successful invasion of England in February 1689, the so-called Glorious Revolution. They replaced James II (& VII), Mary's father, who fled the country.