Query: Which U.S. states possess gold minerals?

Relevant passages:
Adamite <=SEP=> Adamite is a zinc arsenate hydroxide mineral, Zn2AsO4OH. It is a mineral that typically occurs in the oxidized or weathered zone above zinc ore occurrences. Pure adamite is colorless, but usually it possess yellow color due to Fe compounds admixture. Tints of green also occur and are connected with copper substitutions in the mineral structure.

Akrochordite <=SEP=> Akrochordite is an exceptionally rare hydrated hydrous arsenate mineral of the formula (Mn,Mg)4(AsO4)2(OH)4.4H2O and represents a small group of rare in the nature manganese (Mn) arsenates and, similarly to most other Mn-bearing arsenates, possess pinkish colour. It is typically associated with metamorphic Mn deposits.

Allchar deposit <=SEP=> Allchar deposit (alternative spellings Alsar deposit, Alšar deposit or Alshar deposit) is a low-temperature hydrothermal gold–arsenic–antimony–thallium deposit in southern Macedonia. For some time, the thallium-rich part of the deposit was mined. The Crven Dol mine yielded thallium and the ore body still holds estimated amount of 500 t of thallium. The mineral lorandite from this ore deposit is being used to determine the solar neutrino flux.

Arsenopyrite <=SEP=> Arsenopyrite is an iron arsenic sulfide (FeAsS). It is a hard (Mohs 5.5-6) metallic, opaque, steel grey to silver white mineral with a relatively high specific gravity of 6.1.  When dissolved in nitric acid, it releases elemental sulfur.  When arsenopyrite is heated, it becomes magnetic and gives off toxic fumes.  With 46% arsenic content, arsenopyrite, along with orpiment, is a principal ore of arsenic.

Astrophyllite <=SEP=> Astrophyllite is a very rare, brown to golden-yellow hydrous potassium iron titanium silicate mineral. Belonging to the astrophyllite group, astrophyllite may be classed either as an inosilicate, phyllosilicate, or an intermediate between the two. It forms an isomorphous series with kupletskite, to which it is visually identical and often intimately associated.

Atheneite <=SEP=> Atheneite is a rare palladium, mercury arsenide mineral with formula (Pd,Hg)3As associated with palladium–gold deposits. Its composition parallels that of arsenopalladinite (Pd8(As,Sb)3), isomertieite (Pd11Sb2As2) and meritieite-II (Pd8(Sb,As)3)(Cabral, 2002).

Auricupride <=SEP=> Auricupride is a natural alloy that combines copper and gold. Its chemical formula is Cu3Au. The alloy crystallizes in the Cubic crystal system and occurs as malleable grains or platey masses. It is an opaque yellow with a reddish tint. It has a hardness of 3.5 and a specific gravity of 11.5.A variant called tetra-auricupride (CuAu) exists.

Aurostibite <=SEP=> Aurostibite is an isometric gold antimonide mineral which is a member of the pyrite group. Aurostibite was discovered in 1952 and can be found in hydrothermal gold-quartz veins, in sulfur-deficient environments that contain other antimony minerals. The mineral can be found in Yellowknife in the Northwest Territories of Canada, and the Timiskaming District in Ontario, Canada. Antimonides are rare and are normally placed in the sulfide class by mineralogists.

Barrick Gold <=SEP=> Barrick Gold Corporation is the largest gold mining company in the world, with its headquarters in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Barrick is currently undertaking mining projects in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Saudi Arabia, the United States and Zambia. For 2013, it produced 7.2 million ounces of gold at all-in sustaining costs of US $915/ounce and 539 million pounds of copper at C1 cash costs of $1.92/pound.

Blackmer v. United States <=SEP=> Blackmer v. United States, 284 U.S. 421 (1932), is a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States.Harry M. Blackmer was a United States citizen resident in Paris. Blackmer was found guilty of contempt by the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia for refusing to appear as a witness for the United States in a criminal trial, which is related to the Teapot Dome Scandal, after being subpoenaed.   Blackmer was subsequently fined $30,000 and the costs of the court.

Boussingaultite <=SEP=> Boussingaultite is a rare sulfate mineral of the chemical formula: (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2·6(H2O). The formula of boussingaultite is that of Tutton's salts type. It was originally described from geothermal fields in Tuscany, Italy, where it occurs together with its iron analogue mohrite, but is more commonly found on burning coal dumps. The mineral possess monoclinic symmetry and forms clear, often rounded crystals.The mineral is named after the French chemist Jean-Baptiste Boussingault (1802–1887).

Bureau of Land Management <=SEP=> The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior that administers more than 247.3 million acres (1,001,000 km2) of public lands in the United States which constitutes one-eighth of the landmass of the country. President Harry S. Truman created the BLM in 1946 by combining two existing agencies: the General Land Office and the Grazing Service.

Calaverite <=SEP=> Calaverite, or gold telluride, is an uncommon telluride of gold, a metallic mineral with the chemical formula AuTe2, with approximately 3% of the gold replaced by silver. It was first discovered in Calaveras County, California in 1861, and was named for the county in 1868.The mineral often has a metallic luster, and its color may range from a silvery white to a brassy yellow.

California <=SEP=> California (/ˌkælɨˈfɔrnjə/ KAL-ə-FORN-yə, /ˌkælɨˈfɔrniə/ KAL-ə-FAWR-nee-ə) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is the most populous U.S. state, with 38 million people, and the third largest state by area (after Alaska and Texas). California is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south.

California Gold Rush <=SEP=> The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) was a period in American History which began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought—mostly by sailing ships and covered wagons—some 300,000 gold-seekers (called "forty-niners", as in "1849") to California.

Candelaria, Nevada <=SEP=> Candelaria was a town in Mineral County, Nevada, approximately 121 miles southeast of Fallon.  Today the site of Candelaria is dominated by the Kinross Gold Candelaria Mine on Mt. Diablo, and security guards strictly enforce a "no trespassing" policy in the town site.

Chrysocolla <=SEP=> Chrysocolla is a hydrated copper phyllosilicate mineral with formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·nH2O (x<1) or (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·nH2O. The structure of the mineral has been questioned, as spectrographic studies suggest material identified as chrysocolla may be a mixture of the copper hydroxide spertiniite and chalcedony.

Cleusonite <=SEP=> Cleusonite is a member of the crichtonite group of minerals with a chemical formula of (Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38.  This group of minerals contains approximately thirteen complex metal titanates. The structures of minerals of this group is complicated by frequent fine-scale twinning and metamictization due to radioactive elements.

Coliseum Mineral, Fossil, Gem, and Jewelry Show <=SEP=> The Denver Coliseum Mineral, Fossil, Gem and Jewelry Show is an annual public trade show hosted at the Denver Coliseum in Denver, Colorado. It runs in conjunction with nine other independent shows in mid-September.  This group of gem, mineral, jewelry and fossil shows is second in size (in the U.S.) only to the Tucson Gem & Mineral Show.

Colorado <=SEP=> Colorado (/kɒləˈrædoʊ/, or /kɒləˈrɑːdoʊ/) is a U.S. state encompassing most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Southwestern United States, and the Mountain States. Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 22nd most populous of the 50 United States.

Conflict resource <=SEP=> Conflict resources are natural resources extracted in a conflict zone and sold to perpetuate the fighting. There is both anecdotal and statistical evidence that belligerent accessibility to precious commodities can prolong conflicts (a "resource curse").

Copper <=SEP=> Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin: cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; a freshly exposed surface has a reddish-orange color. It is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, a building material, and a constituent of various metal alloys.The metal and its alloys have been used for thousands of years.

Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mine <=SEP=> The Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mine, formerly and historically the Cresson Mine, is an active gold mine located near the town of Victor, in the Cripple Creek mining district in the US state of Colorado. It is the largest current producer of gold in Colorado, and produced 211,000 troy ounces of gold in 2014. It was fully owned and operated by AngloGold Ashanti through its subsidiary, the Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mining Company (CC&V).

Dakota Territory Resource Corp <=SEP=> Dakota Territory Resource Corp, a Reno, Nevada corporation, is a publicly traded gold development company owning land in the historic Homestake District of the northern Black Hills of South Dakota, an area that once produced the second largest amount of gold in U.S. history. Otherwise known as the Homestake Mine or the Homestake Deposit, the 100-square-mile area yielded approximately 44 million ounces of gold in its 136-year-history, placing it second in U.S.

Dewan Mushtaq Group <=SEP=> Dewan Mushtaq Group is an industrial group based in Pakistan. Its main fields of business cover textiles, sugar, automobiles, polyester staple fibre and equity participation in a private bank. The group is owned by Dewan Yousuf Farooqui. The mentor of this group has been the Sindh Minister for Local Bodies, Industries, Labour, Transport, sanitation, Mines & Minerals.

Dvoinoye Gold Mine <=SEP=> The Dvoinoye Gold Mine is an underground gold mine in the Bilibinsky District of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of Russia. The mine is owned by Canadian mining company Kinross Gold and is approximately 100 kilometres (60 mi) from their Kupol Gold Mine. Originally the site of a surface mine, Kinross acquired the property in 2010, and built the underground mine at a cost of US$360-million. The mine began production in 2013.

Economy of Guinea <=SEP=> Guinea is richly endowed with minerals, possessing an estimated quarter of the world's proven reserves of bauxite, more than 1.8 billion metric tons (2.0 billion short tons) of high-grade iron ore, significant diamond and gold deposits, and undetermined quantities of uranium. Guinea also has considerable potential for growth in the agricultural and fishing sectors. Land, water, and climatic conditions provide opportunities for large-scale irrigated farming and agroindustry.

Equal opportunity employment <=SEP=> The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was established by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to assist in the protection of US employees from discrimination. The law was the first federal law designed to protect most US employees from employment discrimination based upon that employee's (or applicant's) race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (Public Law 88-352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 253, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000e et. seq.).

Erhardt v. Boaro, (113 U.S. 527) <=SEP=> Erhardt v. Boaro, 113 U.S. 527 (1885), was an action for the possession of a mining claim in Pioneer mining district, in the County of Dolores, and State of Colorado. The claim was designated by the plaintiff as "The Hawk Lode" mining claim, and by the defendants as "The Johnny Bull Lode" mining claim. It contains two counts.

Eudialyte group <=SEP=> Eudialyte group is a group of complex trigonal zircono- and, more rarely, titanosilicate minerals with general formula [N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1a)M(1b)]3M(2)3M(4)Z3[Si24O72]O'4X2, where N(1) and N(2) and N(3) and N(5) = Na+ and more rarely H3O+ or H2O, N(4) = Na+, Sr2+, Mn2+ and more rarely H3O+ or H2O or K+ or Ca2+ or REE3+ (rare earth elements), M(1) and M(1b) = Ca2+, M(1a) = Ca2+ or Mn2+ or Fe2+, M(2) = Fe (both II and III), Mn and rarely Na+, K+ or Zr4+, M(3) = Si, Nb and rarely W, Ti and [] (vacancy), M(4) = Si and or rarely [], Z Zr4+ and or rarely Ti4+, and X = OH−, Cl− and more rarely CO32− or F−.

Ferrihydrite <=SEP=> Ferrihydrite (Fh) is a widespread hydrous ferric oxyhydroxide mineral at the Earth's surface, and a likely constituent in extraterrestrial materials. It forms in several types of environments, from freshwater to marine systems, aquifers to hydrothermal hot springs and scales, soils, and areas affected by mining.

Fluckite <=SEP=> Fluckite is an arsenate mineral with the chemical formula CaMnH2(AsO4)2·2(H2O).Fluckite's mineral crystallography is triclinic meaning it has three axis of different length and three different interior angles that do not equal 90°. Because fluckite possesses three axes with different angles and lengths it is an anisotropic mineral. This means that it has more than one optic axis.

Fort Knox Gold Mine <=SEP=> The Fort Knox Gold Mine is an open pit gold mine in the Fairbanks mining district of Alaska.  It is owned and operated by Toronto based Kinross Gold.  Originally staked in 1913, the property sat idle until being restaked in 1980, and purchased by Amax Gold, who brought the mine into production.  Ownership transferred to Kinross Gold following its 1998 merger with Amax.

Garnet <=SEP=> Garnets /ˈɡɑrnət/ are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.All species of garnets possess similar physical properties and crystal forms, but differ in chemical composition.  The different species are pyrope, almandine, spessartine, grossular (varieties of which are hessonite or cinnamon-stone and tsavorite), uvarovite and andradite.

General Mining Act of 1872 <=SEP=> The General Mining Act of 1872 is a United States federal law that authorizes and governs prospecting and mining for economic minerals, such as gold, platinum, and silver, on federal public lands.

Gold <=SEP=> Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements, and is solid under standard conditions. The metal therefore occurs often in free elemental (native) form, as nuggets or grains, in rocks, in veins and in alluvial deposits.

Gold Country <=SEP=> The Gold Country (also Mother Lode Country) is a historic region in the U.S. State of California, primarily located on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada. It is famed for the mineral deposits and gold mines that attracted waves of immigrants, known as the 49ers, during the 1849 California Gold Rush.

Gold certificate <=SEP=> A gold certificate in general is a certificate of ownership that gold owners hold instead of storing the actual gold. It has both a historic meaning as a U.S. paper currency (1863–1933) and a current meaning as a way to invest in gold.Banks may issue gold certificates for gold that is allocated (non-fungible) or unallocated (fungible or pooled).

Gold mining in Colorado <=SEP=> Gold mining in Colorado, a state of the United States, has been an industry since 1858, and played a key role in the establishment of the state of Colorado.Explorer Zebulon Pike heard a report of gold in South Park, present-day Park County, Colorado in 1807.Gold discoveries in Colorado began around Denver, traced the placer gold to its source in the mountains west of Denver, then followed the Colorado Mineral Belt in a southwest direction across the state to its terminus in the San Juan Mountains.

Gold mining in Nevada <=SEP=> Gold mining in Nevada, a state of the United States, is a major industry, and one of the largest sources of gold in the world.  Nevada currently mines 79% of all the gold in the United States, which is equivalent to 5,640,000 troy ounces (175 t) in 2009.  Total gold production from Nevada recorded from 1835 to 2008 totals 152,000,000 troy ounces (4,700 t), worth over US $228 billion at 2011 prices.

Gold mining in the United States <=SEP=> Gold mining in the United States has taken place continually since the discovery of gold at the Reed farm in North Carolina in 1799. The first documented occurrence of gold was in Virginia in 1782. Some minor gold production took place in North Carolina as early as 1793, but created no excitement.

Gold placer claim <=SEP=> In the United States, a placer claim grants to the discoverer of valuable minerals contained in loose material such as sand or gravel the right to mine on public land.  Other countries such as Canada, Mexico, and Australia grant similar rights.  In the United States, the valuable mineral in a placer claim is almost always gold, although other nations mine placer deposits of platinum, tin, and diamonds.

Golden Fleece Mine (Colorado) <=SEP=> The Golden Fleece Mine is a gold mining site in Hinsdale County, Colorado, 5 miles (8 km) south of Lake City. The mine is located half a mile west of the north end of Lake San Cristobal. By 1904 it had produced $1,400,000 in silver and gold ore. The mine operated intermittently until 1919.

Golden Grove Mine <=SEP=> The Golden Grove Mine is a copper, lead, silver, zinc and gold mine located 52 km south-south-east of Yalgoo, Western Australia.It is operated by Minerals and Metals Group, which was formed after its parent company, China Minmetals, bought the mine from OZ Minerals in June 2009.

Granite, Colorado <=SEP=> Granite is an unincorporated community with a U.S. Post Office in Chaffee County, Colorado, United States.  The zip code of Granite is 81228.  According to the 2010 census, the population is 116.Situated between the Mosquito and the Sawatch mountain ranges, Granite is ahigh mountain town located on the Arkansas River midway between Leadville to the north, and Buena Vista to the south.

Granite <=SEP=> Granite /ˈɡrænɨt/ is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture. Granites can be predominantly white, pink, or gray in color, depending on their mineralogy. The word "granite" comes from the Latin granum, a grain, in reference to the coarse-grained structure of such a holocrystalline rock.

Greed <=SEP=> Definition (Adam Thompson)Greed (Latin, avaritia), also known as avarice, cupidity, or covetousness, is the inordinate desire to possess wealth, goods, or objects of abstract value with the intention to keep it for one's self, far beyond the dictates of basic survival and comfort. It is applied to a markedly high desire for and pursuit of wealth, status, and power.As secular psychological concept, greed is, similarly, an inordinate desire to acquire or possess more than one needs.

Honduras–United States relations <=SEP=> Honduras – United States relations are bilateral relations between Honduras and the United States.According to a global opinion poll, 81% of Hondurans viewed the U.S. positively in 2002. According to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report, 38% of Hondurans approve of U.S. leadership, with 13% disapproving and 49% uncertain.

I Will Follow You into the Dark <=SEP=> "I Will Follow You into the Dark" is a song by indie rock band Death Cab for Cutie, the third single from their fifth album Plans, released on August 30, 2005.Written and performed by Ben Gibbard, it is a solo acoustic ballad, and was recorded in monaural with a single microphone and little editing.The single was released on Atlantic Records, becoming one of Death Cab for Cutie's lowest-charting singles, peaking number 28 on the Modern Rock Tracks, number 66 on the UK Singles Chart and failing to chart on the Billboard Hot 100; however, "I Will Follow You into the Dark" was certified as gold by the Recording Industry Association of America, and is the band's best-selling single to-date. @en <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Will_Follow_You_into_the_Dark?oldid=674354246> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Doug_Smith_(ice_hockey)> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> Doug Smith (born May 17, 1962 in Ottawa, Ontario) is a Canadian retired former professional ice hockey player who played for the Los Angeles Kings, Buffalo Sabres, Edmonton Oilers, Vancouver Canucks and Pittsburgh Penguins over the course of his career. He was selected second overall in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft.Smith suffered a career-ending injury to his neck, rendering him a quadriplegic. He relearned how to walk again and forged himself a new career in business.

I Will Possess Your Heart <=SEP=> "I Will Possess Your Heart" is a song by American band Death Cab for Cutie, the lead single from their sixth studio album, Narrow Stairs, released on March 18, 2008 and was released to radio on March 24, 2008. The single was released commercially in the United Kingdom on May 5, 2008. The single consists of the full song and two edits: The full song is over eight minutes long, opening with a lengthy instrumental that takes up more than half the song.

Information Dominance Corps <=SEP=> The U.S. Navy Information Dominance Corps (IDC) leads and manages a cadre of officers, enlisted, and civilian professionals who possess extensive skills in information-intensive fields. This corps works in information, intelligence, counterintelligence, human-derived information, networks, space, and oceanographic disciplines to support US Navy, Joint and national war fighting requirements. The IDC is part of a U.S.

Iron <=SEP=> Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from Latin: ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust.

John Taylor of Caroline <=SEP=> John Taylor (December 19, 1753 – August 21, 1824) usually called John Taylor of Caroline was a politician and writer. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates (1779–81, 1783–85, 1796–1800) and in the United States Senate (1792–94, 1803, 1822–24).  He wrote several books on politics and agriculture. He was a Jeffersonian Democrat and his works provided inspiration to the later states' rights and libertarian movements.

Kostovite <=SEP=> Kostovite is  a rare orthorhombic-pyramidal gray white telluride mineral containing copper and gold with chemical formula AuCuTe4.It was discovered by Bulgarian mineralogist Georgi Terziev (Георги Терзиев) (1935–1972), who named it in honor of his professor Ivan Kostov (Иван Костов) (1913–2004). In 1965 kostovite was approved as a new species by the International Mineralogical Association. The type locality is the Chelopech copper ore deposit, Bulgaria.

Krebiozen <=SEP=> Krebiozen (aka Carcalon, creatine, substance X, or drug X) is an alternative cancer treatment. While the substance has been marketed as a cure for cancer, Krebiozen is not known to possess any therapeutic value.

Krennerite <=SEP=> Krennerite is an orthorhombic gold telluride mineral which can contain a relatively small amount of  silver in the structure. The formula is AuTe2 varying to (Au0.8,Ag0.2)Te2. Both of the chemically similar gold-silver tellurides, calaverite and sylvanite, are in the monoclinic crystal system, whereas krennerite is orthorhombic.The color varies from silver-white to brass-yellow. It has a specific gravity of 8.53 and a hardness of 2.5.

Lead <=SEP=> Lead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin: plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air. Lead has a shiny chrome-silver luster when it is melted into a liquid.

Leadville mining district <=SEP=> The Leadville mining district, located in the Colorado Mineral Belt, was the most productive silver-mining district in the US state of Colorado.  It is located immediately east of the town of Leadville.

List of active gold mines in Nevada <=SEP=> Gold mining is a major industry in the U.S. State of Nevada. In 2013 mining overall contributed $9.04 billion to the state's economy, $8.1 billion from gold and silver mining. Gold production from Nevada is higher than any other U.S. state, 5,436,430 troy ounces (169,090 kg) in 2013, accounting for 75% of all gold produced in the United States and 6.1% of the world's total production.

List of active gold mines in Western Australia <=SEP=> This is a list of the major gold mines in Western Australia.Western Australia produced approximately 50% of all Australian mineral and petroleum sales, which made up 89% of the state's merchandise exports in 2008. In 2008, gold was ranked fifth in the list of resources exported by Western Australia in regard to value, behind iron ore, crude oil, alumina and LNG, with a value of A$4.4 billion. In 2008, the state produced 4,200,000 ounces of gold, or 131.421 tonnes.

List of countries by gold exports <=SEP=> The following is a list of countries by gold exports. Data is for 2012, in millions of United States dollars, as reported by The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Currently the top twenty countries are listed.

List of countries by gold production <=SEP=> This list of countries by gold production for 2014.For many years until 2006, South Africa was the world's dominant gold producer, but recently, other countries with large surface area have surpassed South Africa, including China, Russia, the United States, Peru and Australia, although none have approached South Africa's peak production which occurred in the 1970s.

List of gold mines in Australia <=SEP=> This list of gold mines in Australia is subsidiary to the list of mines article and lists working, defunct and planned mines in the country organized by state.

Magnesite <=SEP=> Magnesite is a mineral with the chemical formula MgCO3 (magnesium carbonate). Mixed crystals of iron(II) carbonate and magnesite (mixed crystals known as ankerite) possess a layered structure: monolayers of carbonate groups alternate with magnesium monolayers as well as iron(II) carbonate monolayers.    Manganese, cobalt and nickel may also occur in small amounts.

Mariposa County, California <=SEP=> Mariposa County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,251. The county seat is Mariposa. It is located in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains, north of Fresno, east of Merced, and southeast of Stockton.The county's eastern section is the central portion of Yosemite National Park.There are no incorporated cities in Mariposa County; however, there are communities recognized as census-designated places for statistical purposes.

Mineral, Virginia <=SEP=> Mineral is a town in Louisa County, Virginia, United States. The population was 424 at the 2000 census.

Mineral, Washington <=SEP=> Mineral is a small unincorporated community in Lewis County, Washington just off State Route 7 near the Pierce/Lewis county line. Mineral originally began as a mining town. Prospectors searching the area for gold instead found coal and arsenic. Though the mines failed early in Mineral's history the town found new life as the site of a logging camp and sawmill, both of with are no longer in operation. Today, Mineral's main industry is tourism, primarily through recreational fishing.

Mineral Point, Wisconsin <=SEP=> Mineral Point is a city in Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States. The city is located within the Town of Mineral Point. Mineral Point is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area. Wisconsin's third oldest city, Mineral Point was settled in 1827, becoming a lead and zinc mining center during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Today the city's historical character has made it a regional tourist destination. The population was 2,487 at the 2010 census.

Mineral Springs High School <=SEP=> Mineral Springs High School is a comprehensive public high school in Mineral Springs, Arkansas, United States that serves grades 7 through 12. It is one of three public high schools in Howard County and the only high school managed by the Mineral Springs Saratoga School District.In September 2012, the school district's other high school, Saratoga High School, was closed after the state Board of Education discovered the high school did not provide the required 38 courses.

Mineral Township, Bureau County, Illinois <=SEP=> Mineral Township is one of twenty-five townships in Bureau County, Illinois, USA.  As of the 2010 census, its population was 484 and it contained 241 housing units.

Mineral industry of Armenia <=SEP=> The mineral industry is one of the main sectors of the Armenian economy and as of 2011 accounted for over half of the country's exports.Armenia is a major producer of molybdenum. The Zangezur copper-molybdenum complex possesses large molybdenum reserves that are concentrated in the Kajaran deposit.

Mineral industry of Colombia <=SEP=> Mineral industry of Colombia refers to the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials in Colombia. Colombia is well-endowed with minerals and energy resources. It has the largest coal reserves in Latin America, and is second to Brazil in hydroelectric potential. Estimates of petroleum reserves in 1995 were 3.1 billion barrels (490,000,000 m3). Colombia also possesses significant amounts of nickel and gold.

Mineralization (geology) <=SEP=> In geology, mineralization is the deposition of economically important metals in the formation of ore bodies or "lodes" by various process.The first scientific studies of this process took place in the English county of Cornwall by J.W.Henwood FRS and later by R.W.

Mineraloid <=SEP=> A mineraloid is a mineral-like substance that does not demonstrate crystallinity. Mineraloids possess chemical compositions that vary beyond the generally accepted ranges for specific minerals.  For example, obsidian is an amorphous glass and not a crystal. Jet is derived from decaying wood under extreme pressure. Opal is another mineraloid because of its non-crystalline nature.

Minerals Separation, Ltd. v. Hyde <=SEP=> Minerals Separation v. Hyde, 242 U.S. 261 (1916), is a United States Supreme Court case.

Mining <=SEP=> Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, or reef, which forms the mineralized package of economic interest to the miner.Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay.  Mining is required to obtain any material that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or created artificially in a laboratory or factory.

Mining in Ethiopia <=SEP=> Mining is important to the economy of Ethiopia as a diversification from agriculture. Currently, mining comprises only 1% of GDP.  Gold, gemstones (diamonds and sapphires), and industrial minerals are important commodities for the country's export-oriented growth strategy. Tantalum mining has also been profitable. It was reported that in the late 1980s, the mineral industry lacked importance given that it contributed less than 0.2 percent of Ethiopia's GDP.

Mining in New Zealand <=SEP=> Mining in New Zealand began when the indigenous Māori quarried rock such as argillite in times prior to European colonisation. Mining by Europeans began in the latter half of the 19th century.New Zealand has abundant resources of coal, silver, iron ore, limestone and gold. It ranked 22 in the world in terms of iron ore production and 29th in gold production. The total value of mineral production in New Zealand was $1.5 billion in 2006 (excluding oil and gas).

Mining in the United States <=SEP=> Mining in the United States has been active since colonial times, but became a major industry in the 19th century with a number of new mineral discoveries causing a series of mining \rushes.\""

Mining industry of Botswana <=SEP=> The mineral industry of Botswana has dominated the national economy since the early 1990s. Diamond has been the leading component of the mineral sector since large-scale diamond production began 25 years ago. Most of Botswana’s diamond production was of gem quality, which resulted in the country’s position as the world’s leading producer of diamond by value. Copper, gold, nickel, and soda ash production also has held traditionally significant, though smaller, roles in the national economy.

Mining industry of Egypt <=SEP=> Mining in Egypt has had a long history that goes back to predynastic times. Egypt has substantial mineral resources, including 48 million tons of tantalite (fourth largest in the world), 50 million tons of coal, and an estimated 6.7 million ounces of gold in the Eastern Desert. The total real value of minerals mined was about £E102 million (US$18.7 million) in 1986, up from £E60 million (US$11 million) in 1981. The chief minerals in terms of volume output were iron ore, phosphates, and salt.

Mining industry of Ghana <=SEP=> The Mining industry of Ghana accounts for 5% of the country's GDP and minerals make up 37% of total exports, of which gold contributes over 90% of the total mineral exports. Thus, the main focus of Ghana's mining and minerals development industry remains focused on gold. Ghana is Africa's 2nd largest gold producer, producing 80.5 t in 2008. Ghana is also a major producer of bauxite, manganese and diamonds.

Moon rock <=SEP=> Moon rock or lunar rock is rock that is found on the Earth's moon, or lunar material collected during the course of human exploration of the Moon.Moon rocks on Earth come from three sources: those collected by the US Apollo manned lunar landings from 1969 to 1972; samples returned by three Soviet Luna unmanned probes in the 1970s; and rocks that were ejected naturally from the lunar surface by cratering events and subsequently fell to Earth as lunar meteorites.

Murdochite <=SEP=> Murdochite is a mineral combining lead and copper oxides with formula PbCu6O8-x(Cl,Br)2x(x ≤ 0.5).It was first discovered in 1953 in the Mammoth-Saint Anthony Mine in Pinal County, Arizona by Percy W. Porter, a mining engineer who handpicked a 401.5-mg sample. Porter would later submit for analysis and it was then that Fred A. Hildebrand suggested that the sample was a new mineral after taking a powder x-ray picture. It was named for Joseph Murdoch (1890–1973), American mineralogist.

Nagyágite <=SEP=> Nagyágite (Pb5Au(Te,Sb)4S5-8) is a rare sulfide mineral with known occurrence associated with gold ores. Nagyágite crystals are opaque, monoclinic and dark grey to black coloured.It was first described in 1845 for an occurrence at the type locality of the Nagyág mine, Săcărâmb, Hunedoara County, Romania.It occurs in gold–tellurium epithermal hydrothermal veins.

Narrow Stairs <=SEP=> Narrow Stairs is the sixth studio album by indie rock band Death Cab for Cutie, released on May 12, 2008 in the United Kingdom and on May 13, 2008, in the United States, on Atlantic and Barsuk Records.Four singles were released for the album: "I Will Possess Your Heart", "Cath...", "No Sunlight", and "Grapevine Fires". "I Will Possess Your Heart" reached number six on the U.S.

Olivine <=SEP=> The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg+2, Fe+2)2SiO4. Thus it is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate. It is a common mineral in the Earth's subsurface but weathers quickly on the surface.The ratio of magnesium and iron varies between the two endmembers of the solid solution series: forsterite (Mg-endmember: Mg2SiO4) and fayalite (Fe-endmember: Fe2SiO4).

Ore <=SEP=> An ore is a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock. The ores are extracted from the earth through mining; they are then refined (often via smelting) to extract the valuable element, or elements.The grade or concentration of an ore mineral, or metal, as well as its form of occurrence, will directly affect the costs associated with mining the ore.

Pascua Lama <=SEP=> Pascua-Lama is an open pit mining project of gold, silver, copper and other minerals. Pascua Lama is located in the Andes mountains, in the southern reaches of Atacama Desert, straddling the border between Chile and Argentina at an altitude of over 4,500 metres.  Toronto-based Barrick Gold, the world's largest gold mining company, is developing the project.

Pebble Mine <=SEP=> Pebble Mine  is the common name of a mineral exploration project investigating a very large porphyry copper, gold, and molybdenum mineral deposit in the Bristol Bay region of Southwest Alaska, near Lake Iliamna and Lake Clark. The proposal to mine the ore deposit, using large-scale operations and infrastructure, is controversial. Proponents argue that the mine will create jobs, provide tax revenue to the state of Alaska, and reduce American dependence on foreign sources of raw materials.

Petroleum <=SEP=> Petroleum (L. petroleum, from early 15c. "petroleum, rock oil" (mid-14c. in Anglo-French), from Medieval Latin petroleum, from Latin: petra: "rock" + oleum: "oil".) is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels.It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds.

Petroleum fiscal regime <=SEP=> The petroleum fiscal regime of a country is a set of laws, regulations and agreements which governs the economical benefits derived from petroleum exploration and production. The regime regulates transactions between the political entity and the legal entities involved.

Petropavlovsk plc <=SEP=> Petropavlovsk plc (LSE: POG) (formerly Peter Hambro Mining plc) is a London-based gold mining company with operations in Russia. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange.

Petzite <=SEP=> The mineral petzite, Ag3AuTe2, is a soft, steel-gray telluride mineral generally deposited by hydrothermal activity. It forms isometric crystals, and is usually associated with rare tellurium and gold minerals, often with silver, mercury, and copper.The name comes from chemist W. Petz, who first analyzed the mineral from the type locality in Săcărâmb, Transylvania, Romania in 1845. It was described by Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger in 1845 and dedicated to W.

Placer mining <=SEP=> Placer mining (/ˈplæsər/ or /ˈpleɪsər/) is the mining of stream bed (alluvial) deposits for minerals.  This may be done by open-pit (also called open-cast mining) or by various surface excavating equipment or tunneling equipment.Placer mining is frequently used for precious metal deposits (particularly gold) and gemstones, both of which are often found in alluvial deposits—deposits of sand and gravel in modern or ancient stream beds, or occasionally glacial deposits.

Polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles <=SEP=> Polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles are colloidal gold whose surface is modified with thiol capped synthetic DNA sequences.  They were co-discovered by Chad Mirkin et al. at Northwestern University in 1996  and Paul Alivisatos at University of California, Berkeley. Due to the strong interaction between gold and thiols (-SH), a single monolayer of DNA around the gold particle can be obtained.

Prospecting <=SEP=> Prospecting is the first stage of the geological analysis (second  -  exploration) of a territory; physical search for minerals, fossils, precious metals or mineral specimens, and is also known as fossicking. Prospecting is a small-scale form of mineral exploration which is an organised, large scale effort undertaken by commercial mineral companies to find commercially viable ore deposits.

Public company <=SEP=> A public, publicly traded, publicly held company or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets. In some jurisdictions, public companies over a certain size must be listed on an exchange.

Pyrite <=SEP=> The mineral pyrite, or iron pyrite, also known as fool's gold, is an iron sulfide with the chemical formula FeS2.  This mineral's metallic luster and pale brass-yellow hue give it a superficial resemblance to gold, hence the well-known nickname of fool's gold. The color has also led to the nicknames brass, brazzle, and Brazil, primarily used to refer to pyrite found in coal.Pyrite is the most common of the sulfide minerals.

Quartz <=SEP=> Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in the Earth's continental crust, after feldspar. Its crystal structure is a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2.There are many different varieties of quartz, several of which are semi-precious gemstones.

Quintinite <=SEP=> Quintinite is a carbonate mineral with the chemical formula Mg4Al2(OH)12CO3⋅H2O.The mineral was named after Quinitin Wight of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (b. 1935), who was a significant contributor to mineral studies at Mont Saint-Hilaire.Quintinite is found as 2H and 3T, or 2-hexagonal and 3-trigonal, polytypes, which were originally approved as separate species, but have not been considered species since 1998.

Red Lake Mine <=SEP=> The Red Lake mine is one of the largest gold mines in Canada and in the world. The mine is located in the western Ontario at Red Lake. The mine has estimated reserves of 3.23 million oz of gold.The Red Lake Mining District has produced over 22 million ounces of gold through 2004, worth over $US 35 billion at 2014 prices.

Rhodite <=SEP=> Rhodite or rhodian gold is a naturally occurring alloy of gold and rhodium found in gold ore. Gold ore containing 34 to 43% rhodium was reported from Mexico and Colombia in 1825. The alloy displays brittle tendencies and has a density of 15.5 - 16.8 g/cm³.

Rodalquilarite <=SEP=> Rodalquilarite is a rare iron tellurite chloride mineral with formula H3Fe3+2(Te4+O3)4Cl or Fe2(TeO2OH)3(TeO3)Cl. Rodalquilarite crystallizes in the triclinic system and typically occurs as stout green prisms and encrustations.

Rubicon Minerals <=SEP=> Rubicon Minerals is a Canadian company active in gold exploration. Rubicon owns more than 65,000 acres (26,000 ha) of exploration ground near Red Lake, Ontario, Canada, and has made significant discoveries of gold on this property.The property is near to Goldcorp's Red Lake Mine.As of 25 October 2011 the company had a market capitalization of US$888 million.

Silver <=SEP=> Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (Greek: άργυρος árguros, Latin: argentum, both from the Indo-European root *h₂erǵ- for "grey" or "shining") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it possesses the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and reflectivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.

Skrat <=SEP=> In folklore, a Skrat is a mischievous creature often possessing gold and other riches.  Stories about Skrats often revolve around the Skrat being tricked out of its treasure or else the Skrat fooling the treasure seeker by unexpectedly making the treasure disappear.  Skrats can aid farmers with whom they are living, although this is usually at the expense of the farmer's neighbours from whom they steal.In Scandinavian mythology the Skrat is a form of Myling.

Staurolite <=SEP=> Staurolite is a red brown to black, mostly opaque, nesosilicate mineral with a white streak. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, has a Mohs hardness of 7 to 7.5 and the chemical formula: Fe2+2Al9O6(SiO4)4(O,OH)2. Magnesium, zinc and manganese substitute in the iron site and trivalent iron can substitute for aluminium.

Sylvanite <=SEP=> Sylvanite or silver gold telluride, (Ag,Au)Te2, is the most common telluride of gold.

Tetradymite <=SEP=> Tetradymite is a mineral consisting of bismuth, tellurium and sulfide, Bi2Te2S, also known as telluric bismuth. If sulfur is absent the mineral is tellurobismuthite and the formula is then Bi2Te3. Traces of selenium are usually present.Crystals are rhombohedral, but are rarely distinctly developed; they are twinned together in groups of four; hence the name of the mineral, from the Greek for fourfold.

Trimorphism <=SEP=> In biology, trimorphism is the existence in certain plants and animals of three distinct forms, especially in connection with the reproductive organs. In trimorphic plants there are three forms, differing in the lengths of their pistils and stamens, in size and color of their pollen grains, and in some other respects; and, as in each of the three forms there are two sets of stamens, the three forms possess altogether six sets of stamens and three kinds of pistils.

Turquoise <=SEP=> Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gem and ornamental stone for thousands of years owing to its unique hue.

United States Geological Survey <=SEP=> The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines, concerning biology, geography, geology, and hydrology.

United States Park Police <=SEP=> The United States Park Police (USPP) is one of the oldest uniformed federal law enforcement agencies in the United States.  It functions as a full-service law enforcement agency with responsibilities and jurisdiction in those National Park Service areas primarily located in the Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and New York City areas and certain other government lands.

United States v. Freed <=SEP=> United States v. Freed, 401 U.S. 601 (1971), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the National Firearms Act's registration requirements do not violate the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Additionally, the Court held that the Act's restrictions against a person's "receiv[ing] or possess[ing] a firearm which is not registered to him," did not require the recipient to have the specific intent to possess an unregistered firearm.

Uytenbogaardtite <=SEP=> The mineral uytenbogaardtite, Ag3AuS2, is a soft, greyish white sulfide mineral, occurring in hydrothermal Au-Ag-quartz veins. It occurs as tiny crystals, visible only with a microscope.  It has a metallic luster and a hardness on the Mohs scale of  2 (gypsum). It forms, together with petzite (Ag3AuTe2) and fischesserite (Ag3AuSe2) the uytenbogaardtite group.

Walfordite <=SEP=> Walfordite is a rare tellurite mineral that was discovered in Chile in 1999.  The mineral is described as orange with orange-yellow streak, and is determined to have a chemical formula of Fe3+,Te6+Te4+3O8 with minor titanium and magnesium substitution resulting in an approximate empirical formula of (Fe3+,Te6+,Ti4+,Mg)(Te4+)3O8.

Wulfenite <=SEP=> Wulfenite is a lead molybdate mineral with the formula PbMoO4. It can be most often found as thin tabular crystals with a bright orange-red to yellow-orange color, sometimes brown, although the color can be highly variable. In its yellow form it is sometimes called "yellow lead ore".It crystallizes in the tetragonal system, often occurring as stubby, pyramidal or tabular crystals. It also occurs as earthy, granular masses.

Yogo sapphire <=SEP=> Yogo sapphires are a variety of corundum found only in Yogo Gulch, part of the Little Belt Mountains in Judith Basin County, Montana, United States, on land once inhabited by the Piegan Blackfeet people. Yogos are typically cornflower blue, a result of trace amounts of iron and titanium. They have high uniform clarity and maintain their brilliance under artificial light.

Zinc <=SEP=> Zinc, in commerce also spelter, is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2. Zinc is the 24th most abundant element in Earth's crust and has five stable isotopes. The most common zinc ore is sphalerite (zinc blende), a zinc sulfide mineral.