Query: intellectual property rights lobby

Relevant passages:
Adelphi Charter <=SEP=> The Adelphi Charter on Creativity, Innovation and Intellectual Property is the result of a project commissioned by the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce, London, UK, and is intended as a positive statement of what good intellectual property policy is.

African Regional Intellectual Property Organization <=SEP=> The African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO), formerly African Regional Industrial Property Organization, is an intergovernmental organization for cooperation among African states in patent and other intellectual property matters. ARIPO was established by the Lusaka Agreement of 1976. It has the capacity to hear applications for patents and registered trademarks in its member states who are parties to the Harare (patents) and Banjul (marks) protocols.

All Party Parliamentary Intellectual Property Group <=SEP=> The all-party parliamentary group's purpose is to debate and highlight the value of intellectual property rights to the economy and the importance of intellectual property protection and enforcement. Luther Pendragon (a consultancy) provides secretariat services to the group on behalf of the Alliance Against IP Theft

Amarnath Sehgal <=SEP=> Amarnath Sehgal (5 February 1922 – 28 December 2007) was a noted Indian modernist sculptor, painter, poet and art educator. He started his career as an engineer in Lahore, and later turned to art. He shifted to Delhi after partition of India in 1947, and in 1950 studied art education from New York University School of Education. Subsequently, became an art educator, teaching at College of Art, Delhi, and in time a noted modern sculptor to his generation.

Andrew Joseph Galambos <=SEP=> Andrew Joseph Galambos (born Ifj. Galambos Jozsef Andras, June 28, 1924, in Hungary; died in Orange County, California on April 10, 1997) was an astrophysicist and philosopher who innovated a social structure that seeks to maximize human peace and freedom.

Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement <=SEP=> The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is a multinational treaty for the purpose of establishing international standards for intellectual property rights enforcement.

Arent Fox <=SEP=> Arent Fox LLP (formerly Arent, Fox, Kintner, Plotkin & Kahn) is a law firm and lobbying group based in Washington, D.C.. The firm also has offices in New York City, San Francisco, and Los Angeles.  In 2007, the National Law Journal ranked the firm as the 137th largest in the United States based on number of attorneys.

Australian property law <=SEP=> Australian Property Law is the system of laws  regulating and prioritising the rights, interests and responsibilities of individuals in relation to "things". These things are a form of "property" or "right" to possession or ownership of an object. The law orders or prioritises rights and classifies property as either real and tangible, such as land, or intangible, such as the right of an author to their literary works or personal but tangible, such as a book or a pencil.

BSA (The Software Alliance) <=SEP=> The Software Alliance, also known as BSA, is a trade group established in 1988 and representing a number of the world's largest software makers and is a member of the International Intellectual Property Alliance. Its principal activity is trying to stop copyright infringement of software produced by its members.

Bayh–Dole Act <=SEP=> The Bayh–Dole Act or Patent and Trademark Law Amendments Act (Pub. L. 96-517, December 12, 1980) is  United States legislation dealing with intellectual property arising from federal government-funded research. Sponsored by two senators, Birch Bayh of Indiana and Bob Dole of Kansas, the Act was adopted in 1980, is codified at 94 Stat. 3015, and in 35 U.S.C. § 200-212, and is implemented by 37 C.F.R. 401.The key change made by Bayh–Dole was in ownership of inventions made with federal funding.

Berne Convention <=SEP=> The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, usually known as the Berne Convention, is an international agreement governing copyright, which was first accepted in Berne, Switzerland, in 1886.The Berne Convention formally mandated several aspects of modern copyright law; it introduced the concept that a copyright exists the moment a work is "fixed", rather than requiring registration.

Brigham–Kanner Property Rights Prize <=SEP=> The Brigham–Kanner Property Rights Prize is awarded annually by William & Mary College School of Law, at the Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference and is named in recognition of Toby Prince Brigham and Gideon Kanner for their lifetime contributions to private property rights, their efforts to advance pertinent constitutional protections of property and their accomplishments in preserving the important role that private property plays in protecting individual and civil rights.Toby Prince Brigham is a founding partner of Brigham Moore in Florida and has practiced eminent domain and property rights law for more than 40 years.

Canadian Intellectual Property Office <=SEP=> The Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) is the patent, trademark, and copyright administration body of Canada. Structurally the CIPO functions as a Special Operating Agency (SOA) which is associated with Industry Canada.CIPO also administers Industrial Designs and Integrated Circuit Topographies. The Plant Breeders' Right's Act is administered by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.

Canadian property law <=SEP=> Property law in Canada is the body of law concerning the rights of individuals over land, objects, and expression within Canada. It encompasses personal property, real property, and intellectual property. Unlike many other first world countries, the right to own property is not included in Canada's bill of rights, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.Personal property laws are typically governed by provincial legislation such as the provincial Sale of Goods Acts.

Common law copyright <=SEP=> Common law copyright is the legal doctrine which grants copyright protection based on common law of various jurisdictions, rather than through protection of statutory law, like the federal copyright statute.In part, it is based on the contention that copyright is a natural right and creators are therefore entitled to the same protections anyone would be in regard to tangible and real property.

Copyright <=SEP=> Copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. This is usually only for a limited time. The exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use.Copyright is a form of intellectual property, applicable to certain forms of creative work.

Copyright infringement <=SEP=> Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned.

Copyright law of Egypt <=SEP=> Egyptian copyright law has evolved over time. The currently applicable legislation in Egypt with regard to copyright is Book Three of the Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights 82 of 2002, which entered into force on 3 June 2002, the day following its publication in the Official Gazette. The implementing decree is Prime Ministerial Decree 497 of 2005 (effective by Issue No. 12, Official Gazette, 29 March 2005).

Copyright law of Spain <=SEP=> Spanish copyright law governs copyright (Spanish: derechos de autor), that is the rights of authors of literary, artistic or scientific works, in Spain. It was first instituted by the Law of 10 January 1879, and, in its origins, was influenced by French copyright law and by the movement led by Victor Hugo for the international protection of literary and artistic works.

Copyright law of the Philippines <=SEP=> Philippine copyright law is enshrined in the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, officially known as Republic Act No. 8293.  The law is partly based on United States copyright law and the principles of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.

Copyright law of the United Kingdom <=SEP=> The modern concept of copyright originated in England, in the year 1710, with the Statute of Anne.The current copyright law of the United Kingdom is to be found in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (the 1988 Act), as amended. This came into force on 1 August 1989, for the most part, save for some minor provisionsVarious amendments have been made to the original statute, mostly originating from European Union directives.

Customs Regulation 1383/2003 <=SEP=> Customs Regulation 1383/2003, the full title of which is Regulation concerning customs action against goods suspected of infringing certain intellectual property rights and the measures to be taken against goods found to have infringed such rights, is a measure passed under Article 133 (formerly Article 113) of the EC Treaty.

Czech Pirate Party <=SEP=> The Czech Pirate Party (Czech: Česká pirátská strana), short - Pirates (Czech: Piráti) is a political party in the Czech Republic, founded in 2009. It is a member of the European Pirate Party.Pirate Parties were established in many European countries as a protest against the restriction of the civil rights by lobby groups. The main topic of the Pirate Party is information and its fundamental meaning in modern society.

DADVSI <=SEP=> DADVSI (generally pronounced as dadsi) is the abbreviation of the French Loi sur le Droit d’Auteur et les Droits Voisins dans la Société de l’Information (in English: "law on authors' rights and related rights in the information society").

Digital Freedom campaign <=SEP=> The Digital Freedom campaign is a lobbying advocacy campaign formed on October 25, 2006.

Digital Rights Ireland <=SEP=> Digital Rights Ireland is a digital rights advocacy and lobbying group based in Ireland. The group works for civil liberties in a digital age.

Ecuadorian Institute of Intellectual Property <=SEP=> The Ecuadorian Institute of Intellectual Property or (IEPI) is the only public agency in Ecuador, whose function is to ensure on behalf of the Ecuadorian State Intellectual Property Rights established in the Law, as in treaties and conventions, according to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by United Nations Organization, recognizing it as a fundamental protection of intellectual creations.

Enforcement Directive <=SEP=> Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights (also known as "(IPR) Enforcement Directive" or "IPRED") is a European Union directive in the field of intellectual property law, made under the internal market provisions of the Treaty of Rome.

Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office <=SEP=> The Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office (EIPO) is an autonomous unit of the Ethiopian Science and Technology Agency. It was established in 2003 to provide legal protection for intellectual property (IP) rights. Under a Director-General the EIPO comprises five core business units and two support units. It is based in Addis Ababa.

Exclusive right <=SEP=> In Anglo-Saxon law, an exclusive right is a de facto, non-tangible prerogative existing in law (that is, the power or, in a wider sense, right) to perform an action or acquire a benefit and to permit or deny others the right to perform the same action or to acquire the same benefit. A "prerogative" is in effect an exclusive right. The term is restricted for use for official state or sovereign (i.e., constitutional) powers.

Exhaustion of intellectual property rights <=SEP=> The exhaustion of intellectual property rights constitutes one of the limits of intellectual property (IP) rights. After a product covered by an IP right, such as by a patent right, has been sold by the IP right owner or by others with the consent of the owner, the IP right is said to be exhausted. It can no longer be exercised by the owner. This limitation is also referred to as the "exhaustion doctrine" or "first sale doctrine".

Federation of the European Sporting Goods Industry <=SEP=> The Federation of the European Sporting Goods Industry (FESI) is a Brussels-based European platform representing  the interests of some 1,800 European sporting goods manufacturers before the European Institutions, other international sport federations and other associations.The group aims to provide opportunities for sporting goods companies to collaborate on non-commercial pre-competitive issues of common interest, monitor legislative initiatives relating to the sporting goods industry at a European level, advocate for the sporting goods industry in Brussels, and communicate with European stakeholders about issues from trade and the supply chain, the environment and  product safety.

Film rights <=SEP=> Film rights are rights under copyright laws to produce a derivative work (a film in this case) based from an item of intellectual property.  According to U.S. law, these belong to the holder of the copyright, who may sell or option them to someone in the film industry (a producer or director or sometimes a specialist broker of such properties) who will then try to gather the other professionals and secure the financial backing needed to convert the property into a film.

Francis Gurry <=SEP=> Francis Gurry (born 17 May 1951) is an Australian national and the fourth and current Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). He is also Secretary-General of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Gurry previously served as a Deputy Director General of WIPO from 2003 to 2008.

Free-market environmentalism <=SEP=> Free-market environmentalism is the political position that argues that the free market, property rights, and tort law provide the best means of preserving the environment, internalising pollution costs, and conserving resources.While environmental problems may be viewed as market failures, free market environmentalists argue that environmental problems arise because: The state encodes, provides and enforces laws which override or obscure property rights and thus fail to protect them adequately.

Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization <=SEP=> The Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization is a document signed in 2004 by a number of non-profit organizations, scientists, academics and other individuals urging the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to focus on the needs of developing countries with respect to intellectual property legislation.The authors and signatories believe that the "world is facing a crisis in the governance of knowledge, technology, and culture," in particular due to unequal access to vital medicines and education, anticompetitive economic practices, concentration of ownership, technological measures such as digital rights management (DRM), the fair compensation of authors and creators, and the locking up of the public domain by private interests.The Declaration criticises WIPO for embracing "a culture of creating and expanding monopoly privileges, often without regard to consequences," and calls for the organization to shift its focus from intellectual property as an end in and of itself, to a means for benefiting humanity. @en <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Declaration_on_the_Future_of_the_World_Intellectual_Property_Organization?oldid=569072930> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nigel_Quashie> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> Nigel Francis Quashie (/ˈnaɪdʒəl ˈkwɑːziː/ KWAH-zee; born 20 July 1978) is a footballer who has played more than 300 games in the Football League. A midfielder, he plays for Icelandic club BÍ/Bolungarvík. Between 2004 and 2006, he represented Scotland, the country of his grandfather, at full international level on 14 occasions.

Global Intellectual Property Center <=SEP=> The Global Intellectual Property Center (GIPC) is the principal institution of the United States Chamber of Commerce handling all issues relating to intellectual property.

Gowers Review of Intellectual Property <=SEP=> The Gowers Review of Intellectual Property was an independent review of UK intellectual property (IP) focusing on UK copyright law that was published in December 2006. The then Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown commissioned Andrew Gowers to lead the review in December 2005. The Review was published on 6 December 2006 as part of the Chancellor's annual pre-budget report.

Hartmut Pilch <=SEP=> Hartmut Pilch (born 7 July 1963 in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany) is a German software developer, translator, and digital rights activist who founded the Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure or FFII.

Indigenous intellectual property <=SEP=> Indigenous intellectual property is an umbrella legal term used in national and international forums to identify indigenous peoples' rights to protect their specific cultural knowledge and intellectual property.It is a concept that has developed out of a predominantly western legal tradition of intellectual property law, and has most recently been promoted by the World Intellectual Property Organisation, as part of a more general United Nations push to see the diverse wealth of this world's Indigenous, intangible cultural heritage better valued and better protected against perceived, ongoing thievery.Nation states across the world have experienced difficulties reconciling local indigenous  laws and cultural norms with a predominantly western legal system, in many cases leaving indigenous peoples' individual and communal intellectual property rights largely unprotected.

Industrial design right <=SEP=> An industrial design right is an intellectual property right that protects the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian.  An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three-dimensional form containing aesthetic value.

Intangible property <=SEP=> Intangible property, also known as incorporeal property, describes something which a person or corporation can have ownership of and can transfer ownership of to another person or corporation, but has no physical substance.  It generally refers to statutory creations such as copyright, trademarks, or patents.  It excludes tangible property like real property (land, buildings, and fixtures) and personal property (ships, automobiles, tools, etc.).

Intellectual Property Committee <=SEP=> The Intellectual Property Committee was a coalition of thirteen US corporations "dedicated to the negotiation of a comprehensive agreement on intellectual property in the current GATT round of multilateral trade negotiations". The coalition was formed in March 1986 by Bristol-Myers, DuPont, FMC Corporation, General Electric, General Motors, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Monsanto, Pfizer, Rockwell International and Warner Communications.Members changed throughout 1986 to 1996.

Intellectual Property Enforcement Act of 2007 <=SEP=> The Intellectual Property Enforcement Act of 2007, or S.2317, was a bill proposed in the 110th session of the United States Congress that would strengthen intellectual property laws in the United States by amending titles 17 and 18 of United States Code as well as the Trademark Act of 1946. It was written by Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT) and co-sponsored by John Cornyn (R-TX) and Arlen Specter (D-PA).

Intellectual Property Issues in Cultural Heritage project <=SEP=> The Intellectual Property Issues in Cultural Heritage (IPinCH) project is an international research initiative to explore and facilitate fair and equitable exchanges of knowledge relating to archaeology.  The project is directed by Dr. George P.

Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom) <=SEP=> The Intellectual Property Office of the United Kingdom (often The IPO) is, since 2 April 2007, the operating name of The Patent Office. It is the official government body responsible for intellectual property rights in the UK and is an executive agency of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS).

Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand <=SEP=> The Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand (IPONZ) is a New Zealand government agency responsible for the granting and registration of intellectual property rights, specifically patent, trade mark, design and plant variety rights. It is part of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. According to its website, IPONZ "aims to ensure people realise the full economic potential of their intellectual property."

Intellectual Property Office of Singapore <=SEP=> The Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS) is a statutory board under the Singapore Ministry of Law of the Singapore Government. IPOS advises on and administers intellectual property (IP) laws, promotes IP awareness and provides the infrastructure to facilitate the development of IP in Singapore.

Intellectual Property Owners Association <=SEP=> The Intellectual Property Owners Association (IPO) is a trade association that is composed of owners of intellectual property (represented mostly by in-house corporate counsel and private practice attorneys practicing in the field) and other parties interested in intellectual property law.

Intellectual property <=SEP=> Intellectual property (IP) is a term referring to creations of the intellect for which a monopoly is assigned to designated owners by law.

Intellectual property in China <=SEP=> Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have been acknowledged and protected in the People's Republic of China since 1979. The People's Republic of China has acceded to the major international conventions on protection of IPRs. Domestically, protection of intellectual property law has also been established by government legislation, administrative regulations, and decrees in the areas of trademark, copyright and patent.

Intellectual property in Iran <=SEP=> Iran is a member of the WIPO since 2001 and has acceded to several WIPO intellectual property treaties. Iran joined the Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Convention) in 1959. In December 2003 Iran became a party to the Madrid Agreement and the Madrid Protocol for the International Registration of Marks.

Intellectual property in Romania <=SEP=> Intellectual property law in Romania has developed significantly in the period since the Romanian Revolution of 1989 because of the need to enforce various regional and international treaties and agreements, such as the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), the European Directives on Biotechnological Inventions, on Trademarks and Geographical Indications, and on Supplementary protection certificates, the Trademark Law Treaty, the Patent Law Treaty, and the European Union regulation on the Community Trademark, and the need to harmonize domestic patent law with the European Patent Convention (EPC) and with the European Union.The changes since 1989 cover virtually every aspect of IP law in Romania, including copyright and industrial property, including such relatively new considerations as integrated circuit topographies.

Intellectual property infringement <=SEP=> An intellectual property infringement is the infringement or violation of an intellectual property right. There are several types of intellectual property rights, such as copyrights, patents, and trademarks. Therefore, an intellectual property infringement may for instance be a Copyright infringement Patent infringement Trademark infringementTechniques to detect (or deter) intellectual property infringement include: Fictitious entry, such as: Fictitious dictionary entry.

Intellectual property organization <=SEP=> Intellectual property organizations are organizations that are focused on copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual property law concepts.  This includes international intergovernmental organizations that foster governmental cooperation in the area of copyrights, trademarks and patents (such as organizations based on or founded by treaty), as well as non-governmental, non-profit organizations, lobbying organizations, think tanks, notable committees, and professional associations.

Intellectual property valuation <=SEP=> Valuation is considered as one of the most critical areas in finance; it plays a key role in many areas of finance such as buy/sell, solvency, merger and acquisition. Furthermore, intellectual property (IP) valuation is considered as one of the most important management strategic issues.

Intellectual rights <=SEP=> Intellectual rights (from "French: droits intellectuels") is a term sometimes used to refer to the legal protection afforded to owners of intellectual capital.  This notion is more commonly referred to as "intellectual property", though "intellectual rights" more aptly describes the nature of the protections afforded by most nations.Both terms were used in Europe during the 19th century as a means of distinguishing between two different views of intellectual protection.

Intellectual rights to magic methods <=SEP=> Intellectual rights to magic methods refers to the legal and ethical debate about the extent to which proprietary or exclusive rights may subsist in the methods or processes by which magic tricks or illusions are performed. It is a subject of some controversy. On one side, many magicians argue that methods represent "intellectual property" and that publication or sharing of methods should be subject to strict codes developed by magicians' organizations.

International Intellectual Property Alliance <=SEP=> The International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA), formed in 1984, is a private sector coalition of seven trade associations representing U.S. companies that produce copyright-protected material, including computer software, films, television programs, music, books, and journals (electronic and print media). It seeks to strengthen international copyright protection and enforcement by working with the U.S. government, foreign governments, and private-sector representatives.

Japan Intellectual Property Association <=SEP=> The Japan Intellectual Property Association (JIPA) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization representing "industries and users of the intellectual property (IP) system". It was established in 1938. It claims to be the largest private organization in Japan concerned with intellectual property rights, with more than one thousand members as of 2009.

Journal of Intellectual Property Rights <=SEP=> The Journal of Intellectual Property Rights  is a bimonthly peer-reviewed law journal covering intellectual property law that is published by the Indian National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources.

Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property <=SEP=> Libertarians have differing opinions on the validity of intellectual property.

List of intellectual property law journals <=SEP=> This list includes notable journals and magazines concerned with intellectual property (IP) law and business, and their various sub-fields, such as copyright, patent and trademark laws. The list also includes official journals and gazettes of patent offices.

List of patent-related topics <=SEP=> This is a list of topics related to patents. See "Glossary of patent law terms" for a glossary of terms used in patent law, including special types of patents and patent applications.

Literary property <=SEP=> Literary property is a term used in publishing to refer to works generally covered by copyright but also an associated set of property rights that go far beyond what courts have historically permitted to be claimed as copyright infringement.The Writers Guild of America, for instance, uses this term exclusively to refer to works registered with its WGA script registration service, so as not to restrict the claims it or its users can make regarding their rights.

National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center <=SEP=> The National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center (NIPRCC) is a U.S. government center overseen by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, a component of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The NIPRCC coordinates the U.S. government’s enforcement of intellectual property laws.The NIPRCC was created in 2000, under the then-U.S. Customs Service as part of the implementation of the Clinton Administration's 1998 International Crime Control Strategy.

Non-violation nullification of benefits <=SEP=> Non-violation nullification of benefits (NVNB) claims are a species of dispute settlement in the World Trade Organization arising under World Trade Organisation multilateral and bilateral trade agreements. NVNB claims are controversial in that they are widely perceived to promote the social vices of unpredictability and uncertainty in international trade law.

Operation In Our Sites <=SEP=> Operation In Our Sites is an ongoing effort by the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center in the U.S. government, to detect and hinder intellectual property violations on the Internet. Pursuant to this operation, governmental agencies arrest suspects affiliated with the targeted websites and seize their assets including websites' domain names. Web users intending to access targeted websites are directed to the server operated by the U.S.

Outline of intellectual property <=SEP=> The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to intellectual property:Intellectual property – intangible assets such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, trade dress, and in some jurisdictions trade secrets.See outline of patents for a topical guide and overview of  patents.

Ownership <=SEP=> Ownership of property may be private, collective, or common, and the property may be of objects, land/real estate or intellectual property. Determining ownership in law involves determining who has certain rights and duties over the property. These rights and duties, sometimes called a "bundle of rights", can be separated and held by different parties.The process and mechanics of ownership are fairly complex: one can gain, transfer, and lose ownership of property in a number of ways.

Patent <=SEP=> A patent (/ˈpætənt/ or /ˈpeɪtənt/) is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.  An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem and is a product or a process.

Patent office <=SEP=> A patent office is a governmental or intergovernmental organization which controls the issue of patents. In other words, "patent offices are government bodies that may grant a patent or reject the patent application based on whether the application fulfils the requirements for patentability."

Philosophy of copyright <=SEP=> The philosophy of copyright considers philosophical issues linked to copyright policy, and other jurisprudential problems that arise in legal systems' interpretation and application of copyright law.One debate concerns the purpose of copyright.  Some take the approach of looking for coherent justifications of established copyright systems, while others start with general ethical theories, such as utilitarianism and try to analyse policy through that lens.

Piratbyrån <=SEP=> Piratbyrån About this sound Piratbyrån  "\The Pirate Bureau") was a Swedish organization (or think tank) established to support the free sharing of information, culture, and intellectual property. Piratbyrån provided a counterpoint to lobby groups such as the Swedish Anti-Piracy Bureau.In 2005 Piratbyrån released an anthology entitled Copy Me, containing selected texts previously available from its website.

Property <=SEP=> In the abstract, property is that which belongs to or with something, whether as an attribute or as a component of said thing. In the context of this article, property is one or more components (rather than attributes), whether physical or incorporeal, of a person's estate; or so belonging to, as in being owned by, a person or jointly a group of people or a legal entity like a corporation or even a society.

Property rights (economics) <=SEP=> Property rights are theoretical constructs in economics for determining how a resource is used and owned. Resources can be owned by (and hence be the  property of) individuals, associations or governments. Property rights can be viewed as an attribute of an economic good.

Proposed directive on criminal measures aimed at ensuring the enforcement of intellectual property rights <=SEP=> The European Union (EU) directive on criminal measures aimed at ensuring the enforcement of intellectual property rights (2005/0127/COD) was a proposal from the European Commission for a directive aimed "to supplement Directive 2004/48/EC of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights (Civil enforcement)" (Source: Justification for the proposal, COM(2005) 276 final, July 12, 2005).

Public domain <=SEP=> Works in the public domain are those whose intellectual property rights have expired, have been forfeited, or are inapplicable. Examples include the works of Shakespeare and Beethoven, most of the early silent films, the formulae of Newtonian physics, Serpent encryption algorithm and powered flight.

Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute <=SEP=> Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute (QMIPRI) is a focused research organisation within the Centre for Commercial Law Studies (CCLS) in the School of Law at Queen Mary University of London. In 2002, it moved from Mile End in the East End of London to larger and specialised facilities at Charterhouse Square, as part of its growing independent identity and a substantial bequest by Herchel Smith.

ROBIC <=SEP=> ROBIC is an Intellectual Property firm in Montreal, Québec, Canada.

Rajiv Gandhi School of Intellectual Property Law <=SEP=> Rajiv Gandhi School of Intellectual Property Law (RGSOIPL) is a Law school based at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. It was set up in collaboration with the George Washington University Law School, Washington DC and has the unique distinction of being the only law school within the IIT system. It is also the first law school in India imparting full-time Intellectual Property education along with other regular courses prescribed by the Bar Council of India.

Recording Industry Association of America <=SEP=> The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says "create, manufacture and/or distribute approximately 85% of all legally sold recorded music in the United States." The RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D.C.The RIAA was formed in 1952.

Reinhold Cohn Group <=SEP=> Reinhold Cohn Group is the largest, earliest established intellectual property firm in Israel.

Related rights <=SEP=> Related rights is a term in copyright law, used in opposition to the term "authors' rights". The term neighbouring rights is exactly equivalent, and is a more literal translation of the original French droits voisins. Related rights in civil law are similar to authors' rights, but are not connected with the work's actual author. Both authors' rights and related rights are copyrights in the sense of English or U.S. law.

Rental Directive <=SEP=> Council Directive 92/100/EEC of 19 November 1992 on rental right and lending right and on certain rights related to copyright in the field of intellectual property is a European Union directive in the field of copyright law, made under the internal market provisions of the Treaty of Rome.

SCRIPT (AHRC Centre) <=SEP=> SCRIPT is a Research Centre located at the School of Law in the University of Edinburgh dedicated to studying intellectual property and technology law. SCRIPT is formerly known as the AHRC Research Centre for Studies in Intellectual Property and Technology Law. The Centre is funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council.

Scots property law <=SEP=> Scots property law governs the rules of property in Scotland. A fundamental distinction in Scots law is between heritable and moveable property. Heritable property includes land and buildings, whereas moveable property includes title to property which actually physically moves, which would normally passes only on delivery. Moveable rights also include those to intellectual property, such as patents, trade marks and copyrights.

Semantic Copyright <=SEP=> Semantic Copyright is a technological system that provides semantic information of intellectual property rights of works in digital format, which identifies by its own morphology. The project began in May 2009 after its presentation at the Role of Copyright Registries en Global Digital Networks and its first version was published and released their rights of use and deployment in March 2011.

Statutory damages <=SEP=> Statutory damages are a damage award in civil law, in which the amount awarded is stipulated within the statute rather than being calculated based on the degree of harm to the plaintiff.  Lawmakers will provide for statutory damages for acts in which it is difficult to determine a precise value of the loss suffered by the victim.  This could be because calculation of a value is impractical, such as in intellectual property cases where the volume of the infringement cannot be ascertained.

Steal This Film <=SEP=> Steal This Film is a film series documenting the movement against intellectual property produced by The League of Noble Peers and released via the BitTorrent peer-to-peer protocol.Two parts, and one special The Pirate Bay trial edition of the first part, have been released so far, and The League of Noble Peers is working on "Steal this Film - The Movie" and a new project entitled "The Oil of the 21st Century".

Stephan Kinsella <=SEP=> Norman Stephan Kinsella (/kɪnˈsɛlə/; born 1965) is an American intellectual property lawyer and author. His legal works have been published by Oceana Publications and are stored on the Westlaw database.

Stockholm Network <=SEP=> The Stockholm Network is a pan-European think tank and network located in London. In addition to its own policy research, it is an umbrella organisation for market-oriented think tanks in Europe. It has over 130 member organisations.

Student Intellectual Property Law Association <=SEP=> The Student Intellectual Property Law Association (SIPLA) is a voluntary association for law students who share an interest in intellectual property.  SIPLA chapters can typically be found at law schools that provide intellectual property curriculum.

TRIPS Agreement <=SEP=> The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO) that sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property (IP) regulation as applied to nationals of other WTO Members.

TV format <=SEP=> A TV format is the overall concept and branding of a copyrighted television program. The most common type of format are those in the television genre of game shows, many of which are remade in multiple markets with local contestants.

Union des Fabricants <=SEP=> Union des Fabricants (Unifab) was created by several pharmaceutical manufacturers in 1872, when they realised that their products were being counterfeited in Germany and came together to create the "Charte de l'Union des Fabricants".Unifab began working for the international protection of intellectual property and for the fight against counterfeiting.

United Kingdom intellectual property law <=SEP=> United Kingdom intellectual property law is a part of English property law which concerns the rights of intangible but valuable information or rights. It covers in particular,United Kingdom trade mark lawCopyright law of the United KingdomUnited Kingdom patent law

Victorian Gay and Lesbian Rights Lobby <=SEP=> The Victorian Gay and Lesbian Rights Lobby (VGLRL) is the peak lobby group in Victoria, Australia for the attainment of equality, human rights and social justice for the entire Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (GLBTI) community.VGLRL was created in October 1997, following presentation of a report to a public meeting which proposed a model for a Victorian Gay and Lesbian Rights Lobby.

Wake Forest Intellectual Property Law Journal <=SEP=> The Wake Forest Journal of Business and Intellectual Property Law is a student-run law journal produced by the Wake Forest University School of Law.The Journal was founded in 2001 after years of lobbying and preparation by students, professors, and alumni active in the field of intellectual property law.

Williams Mullen <=SEP=> Williams Mullen is a Richmond, Virginia-based law firm and lobbying group, founded in 1909.  It is consistently ranked in the top 200 law firms in the U.S.

Willy Geysen <=SEP=> Willy Geysen is the head of the Centre for Intellectual Property Rights (CIR) at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and was President of Caritas Catholica Flanders from 1996 until 2008, when he was succeeded by Guido Van Oevelen.

World Intellectual Property Organization <=SEP=> The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the 17 specialized agencies of the United Nations.WIPO was created in 1967 "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world."WIPO currently has 188 member states, administers 26 international treaties, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The current Director-General of WIPO is Francis Gurry, who took office on October 1, 2008.