Query: Just 0.7% of the world’s forests are coastal mangroves, y​​​​​​et they store up to 10 times as much carbon per hectare as tropical forests.

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Mire <=SEP=> A mire or quagmire , sometimes called a peatland , is a wetland terrain without forest cover , dominated by living , peat-forming plants . For botanists and ecologists , the term peatland is a more general term for any terrain dominated by peat to a depth of at least 30 cm , even if it has been completely drained ( i.e. , a peatland can be dry , but a mire by definition must be wet ) .   There are two types of mire : bogs and fens . A bog is a landform that due to its location relative to the surrounding landscape obtains most of its water from rainfall ( i.e. , is ombrotrophic ) , while a fen is located on a slope , flat , or depression and gets its water from both rainfall and surface water . Also , while a bog is always acidic and nutrient-poor , a fen may be slightly acidic , neutral , or alkaline , and either nutrient-poor or nutrient-rich .   A mire is distinguished from a swamp by its lack of a forest canopy ; although some bogs may support limited tree or bush growth , mires are dominated by grass and mosses . A mire is distinguished from a marsh by its water nutrients and distribution : marshes are characterized by nutrient-rich stagnant or slow-moving waters while mire waters are located mostly below the soil surface level . A mire is also distinguished from a marsh by its plant life : marsh plants are generally submerged or floating-leaved while those in a mire are not .   Relying on rainwater for nutrient input , mires are usually deficient in both nitrogen and phosphorus and may vary widely with regard to nitrogen . These characteristics mean that mires are a kind of '' ... living relic ... -LSB- A -RSB- living skin on an ancient body '' in which successive layers of regular plant growth and decay are preserved stratigraphically with a quality of preservation unknown in other wetland environments .

Seagrass <=SEP=> Seagrasses are flowering plants ( angiosperms ) belonging to four families ( Posidoniaceae , Zosteraceae , Hydrocharitaceae and Cymodoceaceae ) , all in the order Alismatales ( in the class of monocotyledons ) , which grow in marine , fully saline environments . There are 12 genera with some 60 species known .

Mangrove <=SEP=> A mangrove is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water . The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species . Mangroves occur worldwide in the tropics and subtropics , mainly between latitudes ° N and ° S.The total mangrove forest area of the world in 2000 was 137,800 km2 , spanning 118 countries and territories .   Mangroves are salt tolerant trees , also called halophytes , and are adapted to life in harsh coastal conditions . They contain a complex salt filtration system and complex root system to cope with salt water immersion and wave action . They are adapted to the low oxygen ( anoxic ) conditions of waterlogged mud .   The word is used in at least three senses : ( 1 ) most broadly to refer to the habitat and entire plant assemblage or mangal , for which the terms mangrove forest biome , and mangrove swamp are also used , ( 2 ) to refer to all trees and large shrubs in the mangrove swamp , and ( 3 ) narrowly to refer to the mangrove family of plants , the Rhizophoraceae , or even more specifically just to mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora .   The mangrove biome , or mangal , is a distinct saline woodland or shrubland habitat characterized by depositional coastal environments , where fine sediments ( often with high organic content ) collect in areas protected from high-energy wave action . The saline conditions tolerated by various mangrove species range from brackish water , through pure seawater ( 3 to 4 % ) , to water concentrated by evaporation to over twice the salinity of ocean seawater ( up to 9 % ) .

Forest <=SEP=> A forest is a large area dominated by trees . Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world , incorporating factors such as tree density , tree height , land use , legal standing and ecological function . According to the widely used Food and Agriculture Organization definition , forests covered four billion hectares ( 15 million square miles ) or approximately 30 percent of the world 's land area in 2006 .   Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth , and are distributed across the globe . Forests account for 75 % of the gross primary productivity of the Earth 's biosphere , and contain 80 % of the Earth 's plant biomass .   Forests at different latitudes and elevations form distinctly different ecozones : boreal forests near the poles , tropical forests near the equator and temperate forests at mid-latitudes . Higher elevation areas tend to support forests similar to those at higher latitudes , and amount of precipitation also affects forest composition .   Human society and forests influence each other in both positive and negative ways . Forests provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as tourist attractions . Forests can also affect people 's health . Human activities , including harvesting forest resources , can negatively affect forest ecosystems .

Amazon rainforest <=SEP=> The Amazon rainforest ( Portuguese : Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia ; Selva Amazónica , Amazonía or usually Amazonia ; Forêt amazonienne Amazoneregenwoud ) , also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle , is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America . This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 , of which 5,500,000 km2 are covered by the rainforest . This region includes territory belonging to nine nations . The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil , with 60 % of the rainforest , followed by Peru with 13 % , Colombia with 10 % , and with minor amounts in Venezuela , Ecuador , Bolivia , Guyana , Suriname and French Guiana . States or departments in four nations contain `` Amazonas '' in their names . The Amazon represents over half of the planet 's remaining rainforests , and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world , with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species .