Query: It appears, for the entire tropics, the observed outgoing radiation fluxes increase with the increase in sea surface temperatures (SSTs).

Relevant passages:
El Niño <=SEP=> El Niño -LSB- ɛl_ˈniːnjoʊ -RSB- ( -LSB- el ˈniɲo -RSB- ) is the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation ( commonly called ENSO ) and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific ( between approximately the International Date Line and 120 ° W ) , including off the Pacific coast of South America . El Niño Southern Oscillation refers to the cycle of warm and cold temperatures , as measured by sea surface temperature , SST , of the tropical central and eastern Pacific Ocean . El Niño is accompanied by high air pressure in the western Pacific and low air pressure in the eastern Pacific . The cool phase of ENSO is called `` La Niña '' with SST in the eastern Pacific below average and air pressures high in the eastern and low in western Pacific . The ENSO cycle , both El Niño and La Niña , cause global changes of both temperatures and rainfall .   Developing countries that are dependent upon agriculture and fishing , particularly those bordering the Pacific Ocean , are usually most affected . In American Spanish , the capitalized term `` El Niño '' refers to `` the little boy '' , so named because the pool of warm water in the Pacific near South America is often at its warmest around Christmas . The original name , `` El Niño de Navidad '' , traces its origin centuries back to Peruvian fisherman , who named the weather phenomenon in reference to the newborn Christ . `` La Niña '' , chosen as the ` opposite ' of El Niño , literally translates to `` the little girl '' .

Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone <=SEP=> Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones , sometimes referred to as Mediterranean hurricanes or medicanes , are rare meteorological phenomena observed in the Mediterranean Sea . Due to the dry nature of the Mediterranean region , formation of tropical cyclones is infrequent , with only 99 recorded tropical-like storms between 1948 and 2011 . No agency , however , is officially responsible for monitoring the formation and development of medicanes . Tropical cyclogenesis typically occurs within two separate regions of the sea . The first region , encompassing areas of the western Mediterranean , is more conducive for development than the other , the Ionian Sea to the east . The rough mountainous geography of the region raises additional difficulties despite being favorable for the development of severe weather and convective activity in general , and only with abnormal meteorological circumstances can medicanes form . Numerous studies have been conducted on the impact of global warming on Mediterranean tropical cyclone formation , generally concluding that fewer yet more intense storms would form .   The development of tropical cyclones in the Mediterranean Sea can usually only occur under somewhat unusual circumstances . Low wind shear and atmospheric instability induced by incursions of cold air are often required . A majority of medicanes are also accompanied by upper-level troughs , providing energy required for intensifying atmospheric convection -- thunderstorms -- and heavy precipitation . The baroclinic properties of the Mediterranean region , with high temperature gradients , also provides necessary instability for the formation of tropical cyclones . Another factor , rising cool air , provides necessary moisture as well . Warm sea surface temperatures ( SSTs ) are mostly unnecessary , however , as most medicanes ' energy is derived from warmer air temperatures . When these favorable circumstances coincide , the genesis of warm-core Mediterranean tropical cyclones , often from within existing cut-off cold-core lows , is possible in a conducive environment for formation .   Several notable and damaging medicanes are known to have occurred . In September 1969 , a north African Mediterranean tropical cyclone produced flooding that killed nearly 600 individuals , left 250,000 homeless , and crippled local economies . A medicane in September 1996 that developed in the Balearic Islands region spawned six tornadoes and inundated parts of the islands . Several medicanes have also been subject to extensive study , such as those of January 1982 , January 1995 , September 2006 , November 2011 , and November 2014 . The January 1995 storm is one of the best-studied Mediterranean tropical cyclones , with its close resemblance to tropical cyclones elsewhere and availability of observations . The medicane of September 2006 , meanwhile , is well-studied due to availability of existing observations and data . In November 2011 , the NOAA 's Satellite Analysis Branch monitored a possible medicane , named Rolf by the Free University of Berlin ( FU Berlin ) , though it ceased doing so the following month . No agency is officially responsible for monitoring the basin .

Tropical cyclone <=SEP=> A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center , a closed low-level atmospheric circulation , strong winds , and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain . Depending on its location and strength , a tropical cyclone is referred to by names such as hurricane ( -LSB- ˈhʌrᵻkən -RSB- or -LSB- ˈhʌrᵻkeɪn -RSB- ) , typhoon -LSB- taɪ ` fuːn -RSB- , tropical storm , cyclonic storm , tropical depression , and simply cyclone . A hurricane is a storm that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean , a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean , and a cyclone occurs in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean .   Tropical cyclones typically form over large bodies of relatively warm water . They derive their energy through the evaporation of water from the ocean surface , which ultimately recondenses into clouds and rain when moist air rises and cools to saturation . This energy source differs from that of mid-latitude cyclonic storms , such as nor'easter s and European windstorms , which are fueled primarily by horizontal temperature contrasts . The strong rotating winds of a tropical cyclone are a result of the conservation of angular momentum imparted by the Earth 's rotation as air flows inwards toward the axis of rotation . As a result , they rarely form within 5 ° of the equator . Tropical cyclones are typically between 100 and in diameter .   Tropical refers to the geographical origin of these systems , which form almost exclusively over tropical seas . Cyclone refers to their cyclonic nature , with wind blowing counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere . The opposite direction of circulation is due to the Coriolis effect .   In addition to strong winds and rain , tropical cyclones are capable of generating high waves , damaging storm surge , and tornadoes . They typically weaken rapidly over land where they are cut off from their primary energy source . For this reason , coastal regions are particularly vulnerable to damage from a tropical cyclone as compared to inland regions . Heavy rains , however , can cause significant flooding inland , and storm surges can produce extensive coastal flooding up to 40 km from the coastline . Though their effects on human populations are often devastating , tropical cyclones can relieve drought conditions . They also carry heat energy away from the tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes , which may play an important role in modulating regional and global climate .

Eocene <=SEP=> The Eocene ( -LSB- pronˈiːəˌsiːn , _ ˈiːoʊ - -RSB- ) Epoch , lasting from , is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era . The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch . The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope 13C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope 12C . The end is set at a major extinction event called the Grande Coupure ( the `` Great Break '' in continuity ) or the Eocene -- Oligocene extinction event , which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Siberia and in what is now Chesapeake Bay . As with other geologic periods , the strata that define the start and end of the epoch are well identified , though their exact dates are slightly uncertain .   The name Eocene comes from the Ancient Greek ἠώς ( ēṓs , `` dawn '' ) and καινός ( kainós , `` new '' ) and refers to the `` dawn '' of modern ( ` new ' ) fauna that appeared during the epoch .