Query: A second coat of paint has much less of an effect, while adding a third or fourth coat has almost no impact at all.”

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Anti-submarine warfare <=SEP=> Anti-submarine warfare ( ASW , or in older form A/S ) is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships , aircraft , or other submarines to find , track and deter , damage or destroy enemy submarines .   Successful anti-submarine warfare depends on a mix of sensor and weapon technology , training , and experience . Sophisticated sonar equipment for first detecting , then classifying , locating and tracking the target submarine is a key element of ASW . To destroy submarines both the torpedo and mine are used , launched from air , surface and underwater platforms . Other means of destruction have been used in the past but are now obsolete . ASW also involves protecting friendly ships .

Tincture (heraldry) <=SEP=> Tinctures constitute the limited palette of colours and patterns used in heraldry . The use of these tinctures dates back to the formative period of European heraldry , in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries , but the range of tinctures and the manner of depicting and describing them has evolved over time , as new variations and practices have developed . The need to define , depict , and correctly blazon the various tinctures is therefore one of the most important aspects of heraldic art and design .

Alf Ramsey <=SEP=> Sir Alfred Ernest `` Alf '' Ramsey ( 22 January 1920 -- 28 April 1999 ) was an English football player and manager who , as manager of the England national football team from 1963 to 1974 , guided England to victory in the 1966 FIFA World Cup . Knighted in 1967 in recognition of England 's World Cup win , Ramsey also managed England to third place in the 1968 European Championship and the quarter-finals of the 1970 World Cup and the 1972 European Championship respectively . As a player , Ramsey was a defender and a member of England 's 1950 World Cup squad . He is , , the only person to have been inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame twice , both as manager and player .   Ramsey was born and raised in Dagenham , which was then a quiet Essex village . He showed sporting promise from an early age and , after serving in the British Army during the Second World War , embarked on a football career , primarily as a right-back for Southampton and Tottenham Hotspur . He was generally considered a rather slow , but accomplished player with a tremendous grasp of the tactical side of the game . Nicknamed `` The General '' , he was part of the Tottenham side that won the English League championship in the 1950 -- 51 season ; he also played for England 32 times between 1948 and 1953 , captaining the side three times and scoring three goals from penalty kicks . England games in which Ramsey played include the shock 1 -- 0 defeat to the United States at the 1950 World Cup and the `` Match of the Century '' against Hungary three years later .   Ramsey retired from playing in 1955 to become the manager of Ipswich Town , then in the third tier of English football . Ipswich rose through the divisions over the next six years , winning the Third Division South in 1956 -- 57 and the Second Division in 1960 -- 61 . In the 1961 -- 62 season , Ipswich 's first campaign in the top division , Ramsey 's team defied expectations to become champions of England at the first attempt . Ramsey took charge of the England team a year later . In a distinct break with common practice of the day , he used a narrow formation that led to his England side being dubbed `` The Wingless Wonders '' . England 's World Cup victory at Wembley in 1966 made Ramsey a national hero , though he had his critics , both at the time and since . He lost the England job acrimoniously , following the team 's failure to qualify for the 1974 World Cup .   After briefly managing Birmingham City during the 1977 -- 78 season , then acting in an advisory role at the Greek club Panathinaikos in 1979 -- 80 , Ramsey retired to Ipswich , where he led a somewhat reclusive life over the next two decades . He died in Ipswich in 1999 , aged 79 . Soon after his death , a statue of Ramsey was built outside Ipswich 's home ground at Portman Road , and a neighbouring street was named after him . A stand at Portman Road was named after Ramsey in 2012 . A second statue of Ramsey was dedicated at the reconstructed Wembley Stadium in 2009 , in the players ' tunnel . Ramsey was an inaugural inductee into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002 , in recognition of his achievements as a manager ; he was admitted again , as a player , in 2010 . He remains widely regarded as one of British football 's all-time great managers .

The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) <=SEP=> The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy comedy-drama film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , and the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation based on the 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum . The film stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale . The co-stars are Ray Bolger , Jack Haley , Bert Lahr , Frank Morgan , Billie Burke , and Margaret Hamilton , with Charley Grapewin , Pat Walshe and Clara Blandick , Terry the dog ( billed as Toto ) , and the Singer Midgets as the Munchkins .   Notable for its use of Technicolor , fantasy storytelling , musical score , and unusual characters , over the years it has become an icon of American popular culture . It was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture , but lost to Gone with the Wind . It did win in two other categories , including Best Original Song for `` Over the Rainbow '' and Best Original Score by Herbert Stothart . However , the film was a box office disappointment on its initial release , earning only $ 3,017,000 on a $ 2,777,000 budget , despite receiving largely positive reviews . It was MGM 's most expensive production to date and did not completely recoup the studio 's investment nor turn a profit until theatrical re-releases starting in 1949 .   The 1956 broadcast television premiere of the film on the CBS network reintroduced the film to the wider public and eventually made the presentation an annual tradition , making it one of the best known films in movie history . The film was named the most-viewed motion picture on television syndication by the Library of Congress , which also included the film in its National Film Registry in its inaugural year in 1989 . Designation on the registry calls for efforts to preserve it for being `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' . It is also one of the few films on UNESCO 's Memory of the World Register .   The Wizard of Oz is often ranked on best-movie lists in critics ' and public polls . It is the source of many quotes referenced in contemporary popular culture . It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming ( who left production to take over direction on the troubled Gone with the Wind production ) . Noel Langley , Florence Ryerson , and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay , but uncredited contributions were made by others . The songs were written by Edgar `` Yip '' Harburg ( lyrics ) and Harold Arlen ( music ) . The musical score and the incidental music were composed by Stothart .