Query: “Which is to say that these beans will be eaten by cows, and the cows will convert the beans to meat, and the humans will eat the meat.

Relevant passages:
Buffalo meat <=SEP=> Buffalo meat is the meat of the water buffalo , a large bovid , raised for its milk and meat in many countries including India , Nepal , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Bulgaria , Italy , Russia , Czech Republic , Slovakia and Egypt .   Buffalo meat is known by various names in different countries . In some places it is known as buffen , or buff in Nepal ; in some countries it is known as carabeef , from the Spanish term and breed name carabao . Meat taken from a buffalo younger than 20 months is known as padwa in India and Pakistan or pado in Nepal . Buffalo calves are often referred to as buffalo broilers and brought up exclusively on milk for the purpose of being slaughtered young for meat .

Vegetarianism <=SEP=> Vegetarianism -LSB- vɛdʒɪˈtɛəriənɪzəm -RSB- is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat ( red meat , poultry , seafood , and the flesh of any other animal ) , and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter .   Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons . Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life . Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs , as well as animal rights advocacy . Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related , political , environmental , cultural , aesthetic , economic , or personal preference . There are variations of the diet as well : an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products , an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products , and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs . A vegan diet excludes all animal products , including eggs and dairy . Some vegans also avoid other animal products such as beeswax , leather or silk clothing , and goose-fat shoe polish .   Packaged and processed foods , such as cakes , cookies , candies , chocolate , yogurt , and marshmallows , often contain unfamiliar animal ingredients , so may be a special concern for vegetarians due to the likelihood of such additions . Often , prior to purchase or consumption , vegetarians will scrutinize products for animal-derived ingredients . Vegetarians ' feelings vary with regard to these ingredients . For example , while some vegetarians may be unaware of animal-derived rennet 's role in the production of cheese , and may therefore unknowingly consume the product , other vegetarians may not take issue with its consumption .   Semi-vegetarian diets consist largely of vegetarian foods but may include fish or poultry , or sometimes other meats , on an infrequent basis . Those with diets containing fish or poultry may define meat only as mammalian flesh and may identify with vegetarianism . A pescetarian diet has been described as `` fish but no other meat '' . The common use association between such diets and vegetarianism has led vegetarian groups such as the Vegetarian Society to state that diets containing these ingredients are not vegetarian , because fish and birds are also animals .

Veganism <=SEP=> Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products , particularly in diet , and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals . A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( pronounced ) .   Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism . Dietary vegans ( or strict vegetarians ) refrain from consuming animal products , not only meat but also eggs , dairy products and other animal-derived substances . The term ethical vegan is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives , and oppose the use of animals for any purpose . Another term is environmental veganism , which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable .   Donald Watson coined the term vegan in 1944 when he co-founded the Vegan Society in England . At first he used it to mean `` non-dairy vegetarian '' , but from 1951 the society defined it as `` the doctrine that man should live without exploiting animals '' . Interest in veganism increased in the 2010s . More vegan stores opened , and vegan options became increasingly available in supermarkets and restaurants in many countries .   Vegan diets tend to be higher in dietary fibre , magnesium , folic acid , vitamin C , vitamin E , iron and phytochemicals , and lower in dietary energy , saturated fat , cholesterol , long-chain omega-3 fatty acids , vitamin D , calcium , zinc and vitamin B12 . Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease , including heart disease . They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of the life-cycle by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics . The German Society for Nutrition cautions against vegan diets for children , and during pregnancy and lactation . Because uncontaminated plant foods do not provide vitamin B12 ( which is produced by microorganisms such as bacteria ) , researchers agree that vegans should eat B12-fortified foods or take a supplement .

Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows <=SEP=> Why We Love Dogs , Eat Pigs , and Wear Cows : An Introduction to Carnism ( 2009 ) is a book by American social psychologist Melanie Joy about the belief system and psychology of meat eating , or `` carnism '' . Joy coined the term carnism in 2001 and developed it in her doctoral dissertation in 2003 . Carnism is a subset of speciesism , and contrasts with ethical veganism , the moral commitment to abstain from consuming or using meat and other animal products .

Meat <=SEP=> Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food . Humans have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times . The advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens , sheep , pigs and cattle . This eventually led to their use in meat production on an industrial scale with the aid of slaughterhouses .   Meat is mainly composed of water , protein , and fat . It is edible raw , but is normally eaten after it has been cooked and seasoned or processed in a variety of ways . Unprocessed meat will spoil or rot within hours or days as a result of infection with and decomposition by bacteria and fungi .   Most often , meat refers to skeletal muscle and associated fat and other tissues , but it may also describe other edible tissues such as offal . Meat is sometimes also used in a more restrictive sense to mean the flesh of mammalian species ( pigs , cattle , lambs , etc. ) raised and prepared for human consumption , to the exclusion of fish , other seafood , poultry , or other animals .