Upload 3 files

test.json

@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"id": "0", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Highly", "sensitive", ",", "high\u2010mass", "resolution", "mass", "spectrometry", "is", "an", "important", "in", "situ", "tool", "for", "the", "study", "of", "solar", "system", "bodies", ".", "In", "this", "talk", "we", "detail", "the", "science", "objectives", ",", "develop", "the", "rationale", "for", "the", "measurement", "requirements", ",", "and", "describe", "potential", "instrument", "/", "mission", "methodologies", "for", "studying", "the", "formation", ",", "evolution", ",", "and", "habitability", "of", "the", "Galilean", "satellites", ".", "We", "emphasize", "our", "studies", "of", "Ganymede", "and", "Europa", "as", "described", "in", "our", "instrument", "proposals", "for", "the", "recently", "selected", "JUICE", "mission", "and", "the", "proposed", "Europa", "Clipper", "mission", "."]}, {"id": "1", "ner_tags": [13, 14, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0], "tokens": ["NASA", "Ames", "Research", "Center", "has", "been", "studying", "the", "feasibility", "of", "vertical", "lift", "aerial", "vehicles", "to", "support", "planetary", "science", "and", "exploration", "missions", ".", "Besides", "Earth", ",", "it", "appears", "that", "there", "are", "three", "planetary", "bodies", "within", "our", "solar", "system", "where", "vertical", "flight", "might", "not", "only", "be", "theoretically", "feasible", ",", "but", "would", "also", "have", "unique", "mission", "capabilities", "that", "no", "other", "platform", "(", "ground", "-", "based", ",", "aerial", ",", "or", "orbital", ")", "could", "provide", ".", "Several", "vertical", "lift", "vehicle", "configurations", "might", "be", "applicable", "for", "planetary", "science", "missions", ".", "This", "paper", "presents", "a", "few", "representative", "conceptual", "design", "cases", "and", "the", "design", "challenges", "inherent", "in", "their", "development", ".", "Finally", ",", "more", "detailed", "comments", "are", "directed", "to", "the", "issues", "inherent", "in", "developing", "a", "NASA", "Mars", "Scout", "mission", "employing", "the", "use", "of", "a", "Martian", "autonomous", "rotorcraft", "."]}, {"id": "2", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 11, 12, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 7, 0, 7, 7, 7, 0, 0, 7, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "goal", "of", "the", "Information", "Presentation", "Directed", "Research", "Project", "(", "DRP", ")", "is", "to", "address", "design", "questions", "related", "to", "the", "presentation", "of", "information", "to", "the", "crew", "on", "flight", "vehicles", ",", "surface", "landers", "and", "habitats", ",", "and", "during", "extra", "-", "vehicular", "activities", "(", "EVA", ")", ".", "Designers", "of", "displays", "and", "controls", "for", "exploration", "missions", "must", "be", "prepared", "to", "select", "the", "text", "formats", ",", "label", "styles", ",", "alarms", ",", "electronic", "procedure", "designs", ",", "and", "cursor", "control", "devices", "that", "provide", "for", "optimal", "crew", "performance", "on", "exploration", "tasks", ".", "The", "major", "areas", "of", "work", ",", "or", "subtasks", ",", "within", "the", "Information", "Presentation", "DRP", "are", ":", "1", ")", "Controls", ",", "2", ")", "Displays", ",", "3", ")", "Procedures", ",", "and", "4", ")", "EVA", "Operations", "."]}, {"id": "3", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 8, 8, 8, 0, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "primary", "focus", "of", "my", "presentation", "is", "the", "development", "of", "the", "jet", "noise", "prediction", "code", "JeNo", "with", "most", "examples", "coming", "from", "the", "experimental", "work", "that", "drove", "the", "theoretical", "development", "and", "validation", ".", "JeNo", "is", "a", "statistical", "jet", "noise", "prediction", "code", ",", "based", "upon", "the", "Lilley", "acoustic", "analogy", ".", "Our", "approach", "uses", "time", "-", "average", "2", "-", "D", "or", "3", "-", "D", "mean", "and", "turbulent", "statistics", "of", "the", "flow", "as", "input", ".", "The", "output", "is", "source", "distributions", "and", "spectral", "directivity", "."]}, {"id": "4", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 8, 0, 8, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "test", "results", "of", "measurements", "performed", "on", "two", "different", "sizes", "of", "ferroelectric", "random", "access", "memory", "(", "FeRAM", ")", "suggest", "the", "degradation", "is", "due", "to", "the", "low", "radiation", "tolerance", "of", "sense", "amplifiers", "and", "reference", "voltage", "generators", "which", "are", "based", "on", "commercial", "complementary", "metal", "oxide", "semiconductor", "(", "CMOS", ")", "technology", ".", "This", "paper", "presents", "total", "ionizing", "dose", "(", "TID", ")", "testing", "of", "64Kb", "Ramtron", "FM1608", "and", "256Kb", "Ramtron", "FM1808", "."]}, {"id": "5", "ner_tags": [11, 0, 11, 0, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 11, 0, 12, 0, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["NASA", ",", "DOD", "(", "Department", "of", "Defense", ")", ",", "and", "DOE", "(", "Department", "of", "Energy", ")", "are", "currently", "looking", "to", "the", "NASA", "UEET", "(", "Ultra", "-", "Efficient", "Engine", "Technology", ")", "Program", "to", "develop", "ceramic", "matrix", "composites", "(", "CMC", ")", "for", "hot", "-", "section", "components", "in", "advanced", "power", "and", "propulsion", "systems", ".", "Success", "will", "greatly", "depend", "on", "developing", "ceramic", "fibers", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "key", "thermostructural", "properties", ",", "in", "particular", ",", "high", "as", "-", "produced", "tensile", "strength", "and", "retention", "of", "a", "large", "fraction", "of", "this", "strength", "for", "long", "times", "under", "the", "anticipated", "CMC", "service", "conditions", ".", "Current", "UEET", "approaches", "center", "on", "selecting", "the", "optimum", "fiber", "type", "from", "commercially", "available", "fibers", "since", "the", "costs", "for", "development", "of", "advanced", "fibers", "are", "high", "and", "the", "markets", "for", "high", "-", "temperature", "CMC", "have", "yet", "to", "be", "established", "."]}, {"id": "6", "ner_tags": [0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "paper", "presents", "a", "novel", ",", "end", "-", "to", "-", "end", "fully", "integrated", "system", "being", "developed", "at", "JPL", "that", "is", "called", "SCAIP", ".", "SCAIP", "enables", "a", "rover", "to", "autonomously", "travel", "to", "a", "designated", "science", "target", " ", "from", "an", "extended", "distance", "away", ",", "and", "precisely", "place", "an", "instrument", "on", "that", "target", "with", "a", "single", "command", "without", "additional", "human", "interaction", "."]}, {"id": "7", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 11, 0, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "concept", "of", "'", "phase", "heritage", "'", "(", "e.g.", ",", "Timms", "et", "al", ".", ",", "2017a", ")", "involves", "microstructural", "recognition", "of", "the", "former", "presence", "of", "a", "phase", "that", "has", "since", "transformed", "to", "another", "via", "evidence", "encoded", "in", "crystallographic", "orientations", ".", "Phase", "heritage", "relies", "on", "the", "phenomenon", "that", "newly", "grown", "(", "daughter", ")", "phases", "nucleate", "with", "particular", "crystallographic", "orientation", "relationships", "with", "the", "preceding", "(", "parent", ")", "phase", ".", "This", "phenomenon", "is", "common", "for", "displacive", "(", "i.e.", ",", "shear", "or", "martensitic", ")", "transformations", ",", "well", "documented", "in", "the", "metals", "and", "ceramics", "literature", ",", "but", "is", "relatively", "uncommon", "in", "geosciences", ".", "This", "presentation", "outlines", "the", "concepts", "behind", "this", "approach", ",", "showcases", "results", "from", "software", "for", "automated", "analysis", "of", "EBSD", "data", ",", "and", "illustrates", "examples", "of", "polymorphic", "and", "dissociation", "phase", "transformations", "in", "the", "ZrSiO4", "-", "ZrO2", "-", "SiO2", "system", ",", "which", "has", "particularly", "useful", "applications", "for", "'", "extreme", "thermobarometry", "'", "in", "impact", "environments", "(", "Timms", "et", "al", ".", ",", "2017a", ")", "."]}, {"id": "8", "ner_tags": [9, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Heat", "-", "shield", "for", "Extreme", "Entry", "Environment", "Technology", "(", "HEEET", ")", "has", "been", "in", "development", "since", "2014", "with", "the", "goal", "of", "enabling", "missions", "to", "Venus", ",", "Saturn", "and", "other", "high", "-", "speed", "sample", "return", "missions", ".", "It", "is", "offered", "as", "a", "new", "technology", "and", "incentivized", "for", "mission", "use", "in", "the", "New", "Frontiers", "4", "AO", "by", "NASA", ".", "The", "current", "plans", "are", "to", "mature", "the", "technology", "to", "TRL", "6", "by", "FY\u201918", ".", "The", "HEEET", "Team", "has", "been", "working", "closely", "with", "multiple", "NF-4", "proposals", "to", "Venus", ",", "Saturn", "and", "has", "been", "supporting", "recent", "Ice", "-", "Giants", "mission", "studies", ".", "This", "presentation", "will", "provide", "progress", "made", "to", "date", "and", "the", "plans", "for", "development", "in", "FY\u201918", "."]}, {"id": "9", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "large", "transequatorial", "coronal", "hole", "that", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "solar", "corona", "at", "the", "end", "of", "August", "1996", "is", "presented", ".", "It", "consists", "of", "a", "north", "polar", "coronal", "hole", "called", "the", "'", "elephant", "'s", "trunk", "or", "tusk", "'", ".", "The", "observations", "of", "this", "coronal", "hole", "were", "carried", "out", "with", "the", "coronal", "diagnostic", "spectrometer", "onboard", "the", "Solar", "and", "Heliospheric", "Observatory", "(", "SOHO", ")", ".", "The", "magnetic", "field", "associated", "with", "the", "equatorial", "coronal", "hole", "is", "strongly", "connected", "to", "that", "of", "the", "active", "region", "at", "its", "base", ",", "resulting", "in", "the", "two", "features", "rotating", "at", "almost", "the", "same", "rate", "."]}, {"id": "10", "ner_tags": [0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0], "tokens": ["A", "thermodynamic", "study", "of", "the", "thermal", "stability", "of", "conventional", "terrestrial", "minerals", "in", "a", "hypothetical", "lunar", "atmosphere", "has", "opened", "some", "interesting", "speculation", ".", "Much", "of", "the", "Earth", "'s", "crust", "is", "composed", "of", "oxides", "of", "silicon", ",", "aluminum", ",", "magnesium", ",", "and", "related", "compounds", ".", "These", "crust", "components", "may", "be", "as", "much", "a", "product", "of", "the", "Earth", "'s", "atmosphere", "as", "vegetation", "and", "animal", "life", ".", "Though", "inanimate", "and", "long", "considered", "imperishable", ",", "these", "materials", "are", "stable", "under", "conditions", "of", "an", "atmosphere", "equivalent", "to", "34", "ft", "of", "water", "at", "sea", "level", "and", "persist", "under", "adverse", "conditions", "of", "moisture", "and", "temperature", "to", "altitudes", "of", "roughly", "29,000", "ft", "above", "sea", "level", ".", "The", "oxygen", "content", "averages", "21", "%", ")", "and", "the", "oxygen", "partial", "pressure", "would", "be", "roughly", "1/5", "atm", "."]}, {"id": "11", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["A", "three", "-", "step", "process", "bridges", "the", "gap", "between", "lower", "-", "fidelity", "solutions", "that", "ignore", "optimal", "dynamics", "and", "fully", "optimized", "solutions", "that", "are", "computationally", "expensive", "to", "generate", ".", "First", ",", "analytic", "solutions", "for", "transfers", "with", "free", "time", "and", "angle", "characterize", "the", "evolution", "of", "the", "shape", "and", "orientation", "of", "the", "orbit", ".", "Next", ",", "optimal", "control", "theory", "supplies", "the", "thrust", "vector", "with", "variable", "specific", "impulse", "while", "satisfying", "flight", "time", "and", "transfer", "angle", "constraints", ".", "Transfers", "with", "the", "additional", "constraint", "of", "constant", "specific", "impulse", "then", "provide", "a", "more", "realistic", "thruster", "model", "for", "preliminary", "trade", "studies", ".", "These", "approximations", "deliver", "a", "hundredfold", "improvement", "in", "run", "time", "at", "the", "expense", "of", "a", "few", "percent", "error", "in", "mass", "."]}, {"id": "12", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 8, 8, 0, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["We", "observed", "the", "2", "July", "2019", "total", "solar", "eclipse", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "imaging", "and", "spectroscopic", "instruments", "recording", "from", "three", "sites", "in", "mainland", "Chile", ":", "on", "the", "centerline", "at", "La", "Higuera", ",", "from", "the", "Cerro", "Tololo", "Inter", "-", "American", "Observatory", ",", "and", "from", "La", "Serena", ",", "as", "well", "as", "from", "a", "chartered", "flight", "at", "peak", "totality", "in", "mid", "-", "Pacific", ".", "Our", "spectroscopy", "monitored", "Fe", "X", ",", "Fe", "XIV", ",", "and", "Ar", "X", "lines", ",", "and", "we", "imaged", "Ar", "X", "with", "a", "Lyot", "filter", "adjusted", "from", "its", "original", "H", "-", "alpha", "bandpass", ".", "Our", "composite", "imaging", "has", "been", "compared", "with", "predictions", "based", "on", "modeling", "using", "magnetic", "-", "field", "measurements", "from", "the", "pre", "-", "eclipse", "month", ".", "Our", "time", "-", "differenced", "sites", "will", "be", "used", "to", "measure", "motions", "in", "coronal", "streamers", "."]}, {"id": "13", "ner_tags": [11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "Genesis", "mission", "was", "the", "only", "mission", "returning", "pristine", "solar", "material", "to", "Earth", "since", "the", "Apollo", "program", ".", "Unfortunately", ",", "the", "return", "of", "the", "spacecraft", "on", "September", "8", ",", "2004", "resulted", "in", "a", "crash", "landing", "shattering", "the", "solar", "wind", "collectors", "into", "smaller", "fragments", "and", "exposing", "them", "to", "desert", "soil", "and", "other", "debris", ".", "Thorough", "surface", "cleaning", "is", "required", "for", "almost", "all", "fragments", "to", "allow", "for", "subsequent", "analysis", "of", "solar", "wind", "material", "embedded", "within", ".", "However", ",", "each", "collector", "fragment", "calls", "for", "an", "individual", "cleaning", "approach", ",", "as", "contamination", "not", "only", "varies", "by", "collector", "material", "but", "also", "by", "sample", "itself", "."]}]
+[{"id": "0", "ner_tags": [0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "Komplast", "materials", "experiment", "was", "designed", "by", "the", "Khrunichev", "State", "Research", "and", "Production", "Space", "Center", ",", "together", "with", "other", "Russian", "scientific", "institutes", ",", "and", "has", "been", "carried", "out", "by", "Mission", "Control", "Moscow", "since", "1998", ".", "Komplast", "panels", "fitted", "with", "material", "samples", "and", "sensors", "were", "located", "on", "the", "International", "Space", "Station", "(", "ISS", ")", "Functional", "Cargo", "Block", "(", "FGB", ")", "module", "exterior", "surface", ".", "Within", "the", "framework", "of", "this", "experiment", ",", "the", "purpose", "was", "to", "study", "the", "effect", "of", "the", "low", "earth", "orbit", "(", "LEO", ")", "environment", "on", "exposed", "samples", "of", "various", "materials", ".", "The", "panels", "were", "sent", "into", "orbit", "with", "the", "FGB", "when", "it", "launched", "on", "November", "20", ",", "1998", ".", "."]}, {"id": "1", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["An", "exploratory", "effort", "between", "NASA", "-", "Marshall", "Space", "Flight", "Center", "(", "MSFC", ")", "and", "SpinCraft", ",", "Inc.", ",", "to", "experimentally", "spin", "form", "cylinders", "and", "concentric", "parts", "from", "small", "and", "thin", "sheets", "of", "aluminum", "Metal", "Matrix", "Composites", "(", "MMC", ")", ",", "successfully", "yielded", "good", "microstructure", "data", "and", "forming", "parameters", ".", "MSFC", "and", "SpinCraft", "will", "collaborate", "on", "the", "recent", "technical", "findings", "and", "develop", "strategy", "to", "implement", "this", "technology", "for", "NASA", "'s", "advanced", "propulsion", "and", "airframe", "applications", "such", "as", "pressure", "bulkheads", ",", "combustion", "liner", "assemblies", ",", "propellant", "tank", "domes", ",", "and", "nose", "cone", "assemblies", "."]}, {"id": "2", "ner_tags": [3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 12, 12, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Orbit", "maintenance", "is", "the", "series", "of", "burns", "performed", "during", "a", "mission", "to", "ensure", "the", "orbit", "satisfies", "mission", "constraints", ".", "Low", "-", "altitude", "missions", "often", "require", "non", "-", "trivial", "orbit", "maintenance", "(", "Delta)V", "due", "to", "sizable", "orbital", "perturbations", "and", "minimum", "altitude", "thresholds", ".", "A", "strategy", "is", "presented", "for", "minimizing", "this", "(", "Delta)V", "using", "impulsive", "burn", "parameter", "optimization", ".", "An", "initial", "estimate", "for", "the", "burn", "parameters", "is", "generated", "by", "considering", "a", "feasible", "solution", "to", "the", "orbit", "maintenance", "problem", ".", "An", "example", "demonstrates", "the", "dV", "savings", "from", "the", "feasible", "solution", "to", "the", "optimal", "solution", "."]}, {"id": "3", "ner_tags": [0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0], "tokens": ["A", "thermodynamic", "study", "of", "the", "thermal", "stability", "of", "conventional", "terrestrial", "minerals", "in", "a", "hypothetical", "lunar", "atmosphere", "has", "opened", "some", "interesting", "speculation", ".", "Much", "of", "the", "Earth", "'s", "crust", "is", "composed", "of", "oxides", "of", "silicon", ",", "aluminum", ",", "magnesium", ",", "and", "related", "compounds", ".", "These", "crust", "components", "may", "be", "as", "much", "a", "product", "of", "the", "Earth", "'s", "atmosphere", "as", "vegetation", "and", "animal", "life", ".", "Though", "inanimate", "and", "long", "considered", "imperishable", ",", "these", "materials", "are", "stable", "under", "conditions", "of", "an", "atmosphere", "equivalent", "to", "34", "ft", "of", "water", "at", "sea", "level", "and", "persist", "under", "adverse", "conditions", "of", "moisture", "and", "temperature", "to", "altitudes", "of", "roughly", "29,000", "ft", "above", "sea", "level", ".", "The", "oxygen", "content", "averages", "21", "%", ")", "and", "the", "oxygen", "partial", "pressure", "would", "be", "roughly", "1/5", "atm", "."]}, {"id": "4", "ner_tags": [0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "Meridiani", "Planum", "hematite", "deposit", "has", "been", "designated", "as", "the", "prime", "landing", "site", "for", "Opportunity", ",", "one", "of", "the", "two", "Mars", "Exploration", "Rover", "(", "MER", ")", "spacecraft", ".", "Iron", "oxide", "and", "hydroxide", "minerals", ",", "including", "hematite", ",", "can", "mineralize", "and", "preserve", "microfossils", "and", "physical", "biomarkers", ".", "Previous", "research", "by", "ourselves", "and", "others", ",", "summarized", "below", ",", "has", "demonstrated", "such", "mineralization", "in", "a", "variety", "of", "terrestrial", "hematite", "deposits", ".", "Our", "most", "recent", "study", "has", "focused", "on", "the", "mineralization", "of", "microorganisms", "in", "rock", "varnish", ",", "the", "iron-", "and", "manganese", "-", "rich", "layers", "that", "coat", "rocks", "in", "many", "arid", "environments", "."]}, {"id": "5", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["There", "is", "excellent", "evidence", "that", "a", "dynamical", "instability", "in", "the", "early", "solar", "system", "led", "to", "gravitational", "interactions", "between", "the", "giant", "planets", "and", "trans", "-", "Neptunian", "planetesimals", ".", "Giant", "planetary", "migration", "triggered", "by", "the", "instability", "dispersed", "a", "disk", "of", "primordial", "trans", "-", "Neptunian", "object", "(", "TNOs", ")", "and", "created", "a", "number", "of", "small", "body", "reservoirs", "(", "e.g.", "the", "Kuiper", "Belt", ",", "scattered", "disk", ",", "irregular", "satellites", ",", "and", "the", "Jupiter", "/", "Neptune", "Trojan", "populations", ")", ".", "It", "also", "injected", "numerous", "bodies", "into", "the", "main", "asteroid", "belt", ",", "where", "modeling", "shows", "they", "can", "successfully", "reproduce", "the", "observed", "P", "and", "D", "-", "type", "asteroid", "populations", "."]}, {"id": "6", "ner_tags": [3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["2", "-", "D", "ice", "accretion", "and", "aerodynamics", "reasonably", "well", "understood", "for", "engineering", "applications", "To", "significantly", "improve", "our", "current", "capabilities", "we", "need", "to", "understand", "3", "-", "D", ":", "a", ")", "Important", "ice", "accretion", "physics", "and", "modeling", "not", "well", "understood", "in", "3", "-", "D", ";", "and", "b", ")", "Aerodynamics", "unsteady", "and", "3", "-", "D", "especially", "near", "stall", ".", "Larger", "systems", "issues", "important", "and", "require", "multidisciplinary", "team", "approach"]}, {"id": "7", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "phase", "retrieval", "algorithm", "developed", "for", "the", "James", "Webb", "Space", "Telescope", "(", "JWST", ")", "is", "used", "to", "process", "archival", "image", "data", "that", "was", "originally", "used", "to", "characterize", "the", "Hubble", "primary", "mirror", "edge", "defect", ".", "The", "Hubble", "mirror", "conic", "constant", "is", "inferred", "from", "these", "results", "and", "comparisons", "are", "made", "with", "earlier", "conic", "values", "reported", "by", "teams", "comprising", "the", "HARP", "(", "Hubble", "Aberration", "Recovery", "Project", ")", "study", ".", "A", "number", "of", "important", "lessons", "learned", "from", "the", "Hubble", "phase", "retrieval", "problem", "are", "described", "and", "a", "discussion", "is", "given", "on", "how", "these", "have", "been", "incorporated", "into", "the", "JWST", "Observatory", "design", "."]}, {"id": "8", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["A", "number", "of", "specific", "benefits", "that", "fit", "within", "the", "hallmarks", "of", "effective", "development", "are", "realized", "with", "implementation", "of", "model", "-", "based", "approaches", "to", "systems", "and", "assurance", ".", "Model", "Based", "Systems", "Engineering", "(", "MBSE", ")", "enabled", "by", "standardized", "modeling", "languages", "(", "e.g.", ",", "SysML", "\u00ae", ")", "is", "at", "the", "core", ".", "These", "benefits", "in", "the", "context", "of", "spaceflight", "system", "challenges", "can", "include", ":", "Improved", "management", "of", "complex", "development", ",", "Reduced", "risk", "in", "the", "development", "process", ",", "Improved", "cost", "management", ",", "Improved", "design", "decisions", ".", "With", "appropriate", "modeling", "techniques", "the", "assurance", "community", "can", "improve", "early", "oversight", "and", "insight", "into", "project", "development", ".", "NASA", "has", "shown", "the", "basic", "constructs", "of", "SysML", "in", "an", "MBSE", "environment", "offer", "several", "key", "advantages", ",", "within", "a", "Model", "Based", "Mission", "Assurance", "(", "MBMA", ")", "initiative", "."]}, {"id": "9", "ner_tags": [0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 12, 0, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "Space", "Research", "Centre", "of", "the", "Polish", "Academy", "of", "Sciences", "(", "SRC", "PAS", ")", "together", "with", "Astronika", "company", "have", "developed", "an", "Orbital", "Deployer", "called", "DRAGON", "for", "ejection", "of", "the", "Polish", "scientific", "nanosatellite", "BRITE", "-", "PL", "Heweliusz", "(", "Fig", ".", "1", ")", ".", "The", "device", "has", "three", "unique", "mechanisms", "including", "an", "adopted", "and", "scaled", "lock", "and", "release", "mechanism", "from", "the", "ESA", "Rosetta", "mission", "MUPUS", "instrument", ".", "This", "paper", "discusses", "major", "design", "restrictions", "of", "the", "deployer", ",", "unique", "design", "features", ",", "and", "lessons", "learned", "from", "development", "through", "testing", "."]}, {"id": "10", "ner_tags": [0, 11, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "TDI", "project", "(", "TDI", ")", "investigates", "trending", "technical", "data", "standards", "for", "applicability", "to", "NASA", "vehicles", ",", "space", "stations", ",", "payloads", ",", "facilities", ",", "and", "equipment", ".", "TDI", "tested", "COTS", "software", "compatible", "with", "a", "certain", "suite", "of", "related", "industry", "standards", "for", "capabilities", "of", "individual", "benefits", "and", "interoperability", ".", "These", "standards", "not", "only", "esnable", "Information", "Technology", "(", "IT", ")", "efficiencies", ",", "but", "also", "address", "efficient", "structures", "and", "standard", "content", "for", "business", "processes", ".", "We", "used", "source", "data", "from", "generic", "industry", "samples", "as", "well", "as", "NASA", "and", "European", "Space", "Agency", "(", "ESA", ")", "data", "from", "space", "systems", "."]}, {"id": "11", "ner_tags": [11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "Genesis", "mission", "was", "the", "only", "mission", "returning", "pristine", "solar", "material", "to", "Earth", "since", "the", "Apollo", "program", ".", "Unfortunately", ",", "the", "return", "of", "the", "spacecraft", "on", "September", "8", ",", "2004", "resulted", "in", "a", "crash", "landing", "shattering", "the", "solar", "wind", "collectors", "into", "smaller", "fragments", "and", "exposing", "them", "to", "desert", "soil", "and", "other", "debris", ".", "Thorough", "surface", "cleaning", "is", "required", "for", "almost", "all", "fragments", "to", "allow", "for", "subsequent", "analysis", "of", "solar", "wind", "material", "embedded", "within", ".", "However", ",", "each", "collector", "fragment", "calls", "for", "an", "individual", "cleaning", "approach", ",", "as", "contamination", "not", "only", "varies", "by", "collector", "material", "but", "also", "by", "sample", "itself", "."]}, {"id": "12", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 6, 6, 6, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["To", "gain", "confidence", "in", "developing", "analytical", "models", "of", "the", "purging", "process", "for", "the", "cryogenic", "main", "propulsion", "systems", "of", "upper", "stage", ",", "two", "test", "series", "were", "conducted", ".", "Test", "article", ",", "a", "3.35", "m", "long", "with", "the", "diameter", "of", "20", "cm", "incline", "line", ",", "was", "filled", "with", "liquid", "(", "LH2)or", "gaseous", "hydrogen", "(", "GH2", ")", "and", "then", "purged", "with", "gaseous", "helium", "(", "GHe", ")", ".", "Total", "of", "10", "tests", "were", "conducted", ".", "Influences", "of", "GHe", "flow", "rates", "and", "initial", "temperatures", "were", "evaluated", ".", "Generalized", "Fluid", "System", "Simulation", "Program", "(", "GFSSP", ")", ",", "an", "in", "-", "house", "general", "-", "purpose", "fluid", "system", "analyzer", ",", "was", "utilized", "to", "model", "and", "simulate", "selective", "tests", "."]}, {"id": "13", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 0, 14, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["In", "support", "of", "the", "ongoing", "effort", "by", "the", "National", "Aeronautics", "and", "Space", "Administration", "(", "NASA", ")", "to", "bring", "supersonic", "commercial", "travel", "to", "the", "public", ",", "NASA", ",", "in", "partnership", "with", "other", "industry", "organizations", ",", "conducted", "a", "flight", "research", "experiment", "to", "analyze", "acoustic", "propagation", "at", "the", "lateral", "edge", "of", "the", "sonic", "boom", "carpet", ".", "The", "name", "of", "the", "effort", "was", "the", "Farfield", "Investigation", "of", "No", "-", "boom", "Thresholds", "(", "FaINT", ")", ".", "The", "research", "from", "FaINT", "determined", "an", "appropriate", "metric", "for", "sonic", "boom", "waveforms", "in", "the", "transition", "and", "shadow", "zones", "called", "Perceived", "Sound", "Exposure", "Level", ",", "established", "a", "value", "of", "65", "dB", "as", "a", "limit", "for", "the", "acoustic", "lateral", "extent", "of", "a", "sonic", "boom", "'s", "noise", "region", ",", "analyzed", "change", "in", "sonic", "boom", "levels", "near", "lateral", "cutoff", ",", "and", "compared", "between", "real", "sonic", "boom", "measurements", "and", "numerical", "predictions", "."]}, {"id": "14", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "paper", "describes", "the", "quantitative", "application", "of", "the", "theory", "of", "System", "Health", "Management", "and", "its", "operational", "subset", ",", "Fault", "Management", ",", "to", "the", "selection", "of", "abort", "triggers", "for", "a", "human", "-", "rated", "launch", "vehicle", ",", "the", "United", "States", "'", "National", "Aeronautics", "and", "Space", "Administration", "'s", "(", "NASA", ")", "Space", "Launch", "System", "(", "SLS", ")", ".", "The", "results", "demonstrate", "the", "efficacy", "of", "the", "theory", "to", "assess", "the", "effectiveness", "of", "candidate", "failure", "detection", "and", "response", "mechanisms", "to", "protect", "humans", "from", "time", "-", "critical", "and", "severe", "hazards", ".", "The", "quantitative", "method", "was", "successfully", "used", "on", "the", "SLS", "to", "aid", "selection", "of", "its", "suite", "of", "abort", "triggers", "."]}, {"id": "15", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 13, 14, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 14, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 13, 14, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "paper", "investigates", "the", "inertial", "force", "effect", "on", "nonlinear", "aeroelasticity", "of", "flexible", "wing", "aircraft", ".", "The", "geometric", "are", "nonlinearity", "due", "to", "rotational", "and", "tension", "stiffening", ".", "The", "effect", "of", "large", "bending", "deflection", "will", "also", "be", "investigated", ".", "Flutter", "analysis", "will", "be", "conducted", "for", "a", "truss", "-", "braced", "wing", "aircraft", "concept", "with", "tension", "stiffening", "and", "inertial", "force", "coupling", "."]}]

validation.json

@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"id": "0", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 0, 11, 0, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["We", "have", "used", "laser", "-", "induced", "fluorescence", "(", "LIF", ")", "to", "carry", "out", "a", "detailed", ",", "systematic", "survey", "of", "the", "properties", "of", "the", "free", "stream", "of", "the", "20", "Megawatt", "Aerodynamic", "Heating", "Facility", "at", "NASA", "/", "Ames", "Research", "Center", ".", "In", "both", "air", "and", "nitrogen", "flows", "we", "have", "measured", "the", "atomic", "nitrogen", "absolute", "number", "density", "and", "flow", "velocity", "at", "each", "operating", "condition", ".", "In", "air", "flows", "we", "have", "also", "measured", "the", "atomic", "oxygen", "absolute", "number", "density", "and", "rotational", "/", "translational", "temperature", "at", "each", "operating", "condition", ".", "These", "results", "have", "been", "used", "to", "provide", ",", "for", "the", "first", "time", ",", "a", "direct", ",", "nonintrusive", "measurement", "of", "the", "enthalpy", "on", "the", "centerline", "of", "the", "flow", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "the", "observed", "arc", "jet", "properties", "can", "be", "used", "to", "test", "and", "improve", "computer", "simulations", "of", "the", "arc", "jet", "flow", "which", "include", "detailed", "chemical", "rate", "processes", "(", "especially", "nitrogen", "atom", "recombination", ")", "taking", "place", "during", "the", "supersonic", "expansion", "."]}, {"id": "1", "ner_tags": [0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "viewgraph", "presentation", "reviews", "the", "sources", ",", "problems", "and", "some", "solutions", "to", "dust", "on", "the", "moon", ".", "While", "there", "appeared", "to", "be", "no", "long", "term", "effects", "from", "Lunar", "Dust", "in", "Apollo", "astronauts", ",", "the", "future", "lunar", "missions", "will", "be", "longer", "in", "duration", ",", "and", "therefore", "more", "problems", "may", "present", "themselves", ".", "Some", "of", "the", "se", "problems", "are", "reviewed", ",", "and", "plans", "to", "deal", "with", "them", "are", "reviewed", "."]}, {"id": "2", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 10, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 10, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "paper", "presents", "the", "formulation", "of", "a", "Lyapunov", "function", "for", "an", "exponentially", "stable", "linear", "timevarying", "(", "LTV", ")", "system", "using", "a", "well", "-", "defined", "PD", "-", "spectrum", "and", "the", "associated", "PD", "-", "eigenvectors", ".", "It", "provides", "a", "bridge", "between", "the", "first", "and", "second", "methods", "of", "Lyapunov", "for", "stability", "assessment", ",", "and", "will", "find", "significant", "applications", "in", "the", "analysis", "and", "control", "law", "design", "for", "LTV", "systems", "and", "linearizable", "nonlinear", "time", "-", "varying", "systems", "."]}, {"id": "3", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 10, 0, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Preliminary", "results", "of", "an", "experimental", "investigation", "of", "a", "Mach", "2.5", "two", "-", "dimensional", "axisymmetric", "shock", "-", "wave", "/", "boundary", "-", "layer", "interaction", "(", "SWBLI", ")", "are", "presented", ".", "The", "purpose", "of", "the", "investigation", "is", "to", "create", "a", "SWBLI", "dataset", "specifically", "for", "CFD", "validation", "purposes", ".", "Presented", "herein", "are", "the", "details", "of", "the", "facility", "and", "preliminary", "measurements", "characterizing", "the", "facility", "and", "interaction", "region", ".", "The", "results", "will", "serve", "to", "define", "the", "region", "of", "interest", "where", "more", "detailed", "mean", "and", "turbulence", "measurements", "will", "be", "made", "."]}, {"id": "4", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 3, 4, 0, 0, 11, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["A", "new", "system", "of", "two", "photometers", "was", "built", "to", "observe", "the", "Sun", "at", "3", "and", "7", "THz", "from", "space", ",", "named", "SOLART", ".", "It", "has", "been", "flown", "coupled", "to", "U.C.", "Berkeley", "GRIPS", "experiment", "on", "a", "NASA", "stratospheric", "balloon", "flight", "over", "Antarctica", ",", "19", "-", "30", "January", "2016", ".", "The", "mission", "was", "successfully", "accomplished", ".", "We", "describe", "the", "system", "performance", ",", "solar", "brightness", "determination", "and", "the", "first", "THz", "impulsive", "burst", "detected", "."]}, {"id": "5", "ner_tags": [3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Laboratory", "testing", "was", "conducted", "to", "evaluate", "safety", "concerns", "for", "integrally", "-", "stiffened", "tanks", "that", "were", "found", "to", "have", "developed", "cracks", "during", "pressurization", "testing", ".", "Cracks", "occurred", "at", "fastener", "holes", "where", "additional", "stiffeners", "were", "attached", "to", "the", "integrally", "-", "stiffened", "tank", "structure", ".", "Tests", "were", "conducted", "to", "obtain", "material", "properties", "and", "to", "reproduce", "the", "crack", "morphologies", "that", "were", "observed", "in", "service", "to", "help", "determine", "if", "the", "tanks", "are", "safe", "for", "operation", ".", "Reproducing", "the", "cracking", "modes", "observed", "during", "pressurization", "testing", "required", "a", "complex", "loading", "state", "involving", "both", "a", "tensile", "load", "in", "the", "integrally", "-", "stiffened", "structure", "and", "a", "pin", "-", "load", "at", "a", "fastener", "hole", "."]}, {"id": "6", "ner_tags": [1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["NASA", "'s", "2003", "-", "2004", "Mars", "Exploration", "Rovers", "and", "associated", "Athena", "Science", "Payload", "will", "provide", "an", "exciting", "opportunity", "to", "get", "students", "and", "the", "public", "involved", "in", "Mars", "exploration", ".", "One", "outreach", "component", ",", "the", "Athena", "Student", "Interns", "Program", ",", "will", "directly", "engage", "high", "school", "students", "in", "scientific", "discovery", "on", "Mars", "by", "incorporating", "the", "students", "into", "the", "mission", "s", "science", "team", ".", "The", "Athena", "Student", "Interns", "Program", ",", "based", "on", "the", "successful", "LAPIS", "program", ",", "was", "prototyped", "during", "the", "FIDO", "rover", "field", "trials", "that", "took", "place", "in", "the", "Arizona", "desert", "and", "at", "the", "Jet", "Propulsion", "Laboratory", "(", "JPL", ")", "in", "August", "2002", "(", "http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mer/fido", ")", ".", "Use", "of", "a", "participatory", "evaluation", "process", "allowed", "mid", "-", "course", "corrections", "to", "be", "made", "to", "the", "program", "and", "provided", "the", "model", "for", "mission", "-", "related", "outreach", "."]}, {"id": "7", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 6, 0, 6, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "paper", "reports", "on", "a", "collaborative", "project", "between", "U.S.", "Army", "TARDEC", "and", "Jet", "Propulsion", "Laboratory", "(", "JPL", ")", "to", "develop", "a", "unmanned", "ground", "vehicle", "(", "UGV", ")", "simulation", "model", "using", "the", "ROAMS", "vehicle", "modeling", "framework", ".", "Besides", "modeling", "the", "physical", "suspension", "of", "the", "vehicle", ",", "the", "sensing", "and", "navigation", "of", "the", "HMMWV", "vehicle", "are", "simulated", ".", "Using", "models", "of", "urban", "and", "off", "-", "road", "environments", ",", "the", "HMMWV", "simulation", "was", "tested", "in", "several", "ways", ",", "including", "navigation", "in", "an", "urban", "environment", "with", "obstacle", "avoidance", "and", "the", "performance", "of", "a", "lane", "change", "maneuver", "."]}, {"id": "8", "ner_tags": [0, 11, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "study", "examined", "182", "ramp", "operations", "incident", "reports", "from", "the", "Aviation", "Safety", "Reporting", "System", "(", "ASRS", ")", "database", ",", "to", "determine", "which", "factors", "influence", "ramp", "operation", "incidents", ".", "It", "was", "found", "that", "incidents", "occurred", "more", "often", "during", "aircraft", "arrival", "operations", "than", "during", "departure", "operations", ";", "incidents", "occurred", "most", "often", "at", "the", "gate", "stop", "area", ",", "less", "so", "at", "the", "gate", "entry", "/", "exit", "areas", ",", "and", "least", "on", "the", "ramp", "fringe", "areas", ";", "and", "reporters", "cited", "fewer", "incidents", "when", "more", "ground", "crew", "were", "present", ".", "The", "authors", "offer", "suggestions", "for", "both", "airline", "management", "and", "flight", "crews", "to", "reduce", "the", "rate", "of", "ramp", "incidents", "."]}, {"id": "9", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Selection", "of", "a", "landing", "site", "for", "the", "'", "03", "and", "later", "Mars", "surface", "missions", "represents", "a", "balance", "between", "potential", "science", "results", "and", "landing", "site", "safety", ".", "Although", "safety", "has", "to", "be", "the", "prime", "consideration", ",", "it", "is", "the", "melding", "together", "of", "spacecraft", "hazard", "analysis", "with", "science", "analysis", "that", "provides", "the", "key", "to", "understanding", "the", "nature", "of", "the", "surface", "for", "determining", "both", "its", "safety", "for", "landing", "and", "its", "scientific", "potential", ".", "Our", "goal", "here", "is", "to", "discuss", "the", "geological", "factors", "that", "go", "into", "a", "determination", "of", "site", "safety", ",", "at", "scales", "from", "centimeters", "up", "to", "kilometers", ",", "and", "to", "understand", "the", "implications", "for", "the", "resulting", "scientific", "return", "that", "can", "be", "expected", "."]}, {"id": "10", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0], "tokens": ["We", "have", "reviewed", "the", "literature", "on", "composition", "of", "young", "stars", ",", "both", "hot", "and", "cool", ",", "as", "well", "as", "older", "solar", "-", "type", "stars", ".", "We", "find", "that", "all", "these", "classes", "of", "stars", "have", "lower", "abundances", "of", "the", "heavy", "elements", "(", "specifically", "C", ",", "N", ",", "O", ",", "Mg", ",", "Si", ",", "and", "Fe", ")", "than", "the", "sun", ".", "Therefore", "studies", "of", "interstellar", "depletions", "in", "which", "the", "solar", "composition", "is", "used", "as", "the", "reference", "standard", "are", "probably", "in", "error", ",", "tending", "to", "overestimate", "the", "total", "quantities", "of", "these", "elements", ",", "hence", "the", "depletions", ".", "We", "have", "revised", "the", "depletion", "estimates", ",", "using", "stellar", "abundances", "as", "the", "reference", "standard", "and", "making", "use", "of", "recent", "IS", "gas", "-", "phase", "abundance", "measurements", ".", "As", "a", "result", "of", "our", "revised", "depletions", ",", "we", "can", "place", "new", "and", "stringent", "constraints", "on", "several", "published", "models", "for", "the", "interstellar", "dust", "."]}, {"id": "11", "ner_tags": [11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "National", "Aeronautics", "and", "Space", "Administration", "(", "NASA", ")", "has", "developed", "independent", "airframe", "and", "engine", "models", "that", "have", "been", "integrated", "into", "a", "single", "real", "-", "time", "aircraft", "simulation", "for", "piloted", "evaluation", "of", "propulsion", "control", "algorithms", ".", "In", "order", "to", "have", "confidence", "in", "the", "results", "of", "these", "evaluations", ",", "the", "integrated", "simulation", "must", "be", "validated", "to", "demonstrate", "that", "its", "behavior", "is", "realistic", "and", "that", "it", "meets", "the", "appropriate", "Federal", "Aviation", "Administration", "(", "FAA", ")", "certification", "requirements", "for", "aircraft", ".", "The", "paper", "describes", "the", "test", "procedures", "and", "results", ",", "demonstrating", "that", "the", "integrated", "simulation", "generally", "meets", "the", "FAA", "requirements", "and", "is", "thus", "a", "valid", "testbed", "for", "evaluation", "of", "propulsion", "control", "modes", "."]}, {"id": "12", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 3, 4, 0, 5, 0, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0], "tokens": ["In", "recent", "years", ",", "methane", "in", "the", "martian", "atmosphere", "has", "been", "detected", "by", "Earth", "-", "based", "spectroscopy", ",", "the", "Planetary", "Fourier", "Spectrometer", "on", "the", "ESA", "Mars", "Express", "mission", ",", "and", "the", "NASA", "Mars", "Science", "Laboratory", ".", "The", "methane", "'s", "origin", "remains", "a", "mystery", ",", "with", "proposed", "sources", "including", "volcanism", ",", "exogenous", "sources", "like", "impacts", "and", "interplanetary", "dust", ",", "aqueous", "alteration", "of", "olivine", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "carbonaceous", "material", ",", "release", "from", "ancient", "deposits", "of", "methane", "clathrates", ",", "and/or", "biological", "activity", ".", "An", "additional", "potential", "source", "exists", ":", "meteor", "showers", "from", "the", "emission", "of", "large", "comet", "dust", "particles", "could", "generate", "martian", "methane", "via", "UV", "pyrolysis", "of", "carbon", "-", "rich", "infall", "material", ".", "We", "find", "a", "correlation", "between", "the", "dates", "of", "Mars", "/", "cometary", "orbit", "encounters", "and", "detections", "of", "methane", "on", "Mars", ".", "We", "hypothesize", "that", "cometary", "debris", "falls", "onto", "Mars", "during", "these", "interactions", ",", "generating", "methane", "via", "UV", "photolysis", "."]}, {"id": "13", "ner_tags": [5, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 8, 0, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 6, 6, 6, 0, 6, 0, 6, 6, 0, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["NASA", "Glenn", "Research", "Center", "is", "investigating", "hybrid", "electric", "and", "turboelectric", "propulsion", "concepts", "for", "future", "aircraft", "to", "reduce", "fuel", "burn", ",", "emissions", ",", "and", "noise", ".", "Systems", "studies", "show", "that", "the", "weight", "and", "efficiency", "of", "the", "electric", "system", "components", "need", "to", "be", "improved", "for", "this", "concept", "to", "be", "feasible", ".", "However", ",", "advances", "in", "motor", "component", "materials", "such", "as", "soft", "magnetic", "materials", ",", "hard", "magnetic", "materials", ",", "conductors", ",", "thermal", "insulation", ",", "and", "structural", "materials", "are", "expected", "in", "the", "coming", "years", ",", "and", "should", "improve", "motor", "performance", ".", "This", "study", "investigates", "several", "motor", "types", "for", "a", "one", "megawatt", "application", ",", "and", "projects", "the", "motor", "performance", "benefits", "of", "new", "component", "materials", "that", "might", "be", "available", "in", "the", "coming", "decades", "."]}, {"id": "14", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 10, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "disciplinary", "goals", "of", "the", "Human", "Research", "Program", "are", "broadly", "discussed", ".", "There", "is", "a", "critical", "need", "to", "identify", "gaps", "in", "the", "evidence", "that", "would", "substantiate", "a", "skeletal", "health", "risk", "during", "and", "after", "spaceflight", "missions", ".", "As", "a", "result", ",", "data", "mining", "activities", "will", "be", "engaged", "to", "gather", "reviews", "of", "medical", "data", "and", "flight", "analog", "data", "and", "to", "propose", "additional", "measures", "and", "specific", "analyses", ".", "Several", "studies", "are", "briefly", "reviewed", "which", "have", "topics", "that", "partially", "address", "these", "gaps", "in", "knowledge", ",", "including", "bone", "strength", "recovery", "with", "recovery", "of", "bone", "mass", "density", ",", "current", "renal", "stone", "formation", "knowledge", ",", "herniated", "discs", ",", "and", "a", "review", "of", "bed", "rest", "studies", "conducted", "at", "Ames", "Human", "Research", "Facility", "."]}, {"id": "15", "ner_tags": [3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 12, 12, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Orbit", "maintenance", "is", "the", "series", "of", "burns", "performed", "during", "a", "mission", "to", "ensure", "the", "orbit", "satisfies", "mission", "constraints", ".", "Low", "-", "altitude", "missions", "often", "require", "non", "-", "trivial", "orbit", "maintenance", "(", "Delta)V", "due", "to", "sizable", "orbital", "perturbations", "and", "minimum", "altitude", "thresholds", ".", "A", "strategy", "is", "presented", "for", "minimizing", "this", "(", "Delta)V", "using", "impulsive", "burn", "parameter", "optimization", ".", "An", "initial", "estimate", "for", "the", "burn", "parameters", "is", "generated", "by", "considering", "a", "feasible", "solution", "to", "the", "orbit", "maintenance", "problem", ".", "An", "example", "demonstrates", "the", "dV", "savings", "from", "the", "feasible", "solution", "to", "the", "optimal", "solution", "."]}, {"id": "16", "ner_tags": [3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Auroral", "precipitation", "models", "have", "been", "valuable", "both", "in", "terms", "of", "space", "weather", "applications", "and", "space", "science", "research", ".", "Yet", "very", "limited", "testing", "has", "been", "performed", "regarding", "model", "performance", ".", "A", "variety", "of", "auroral", "models", "are", "available", ",", "including", "empirical", "models", "that", "are", "parameterized", "by", "geomagnetic", "indices", "or", "upstream", "solar", "wind", "conditions", ",", "now", "casting", "models", "that", "are", "based", "on", "satellite", "observations", ",", "or", "those", "derived", "from", "physics", "-", "based", ",", "coupled", "global", "models", ".", "In", "this", "presentation", ",", "we", "will", "show", "our", "preliminary", "results", "regarding", "V&V", "efforts", "of", "some", "of", "the", "models", "."]}, {"id": "17", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["An", "empty", "test", "section", "flow", "calibration", "of", "the", "refurbished", "NASA", "Ames", "12", "-", "Foot", "Pressure", "Tunnel", "was", "recently", "completed", ".", "Distributions", "of", "total", "pressure", ",", "dynamic", "pressure", ",", "Mach", "number", ",", "flow", "angularity", "temperature", ",", "and", "turbulence", "are", "presented", "along", "with", "results", "obtained", "prior", "to", "facility", "demolition", ".", "Axial", "static", "pressure", "distributions", "along", "tunnel", "centerline", "are", "also", "compared", ".", "Test", "section", "model", "support", "geometric", "configurations", "will", "be", "presented", "along", "with", "a", "discussion", "of", "the", "issues", "involved", "with", "different", "model", "mounting", "schemes", "."]}, {"id": "18", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "paper", "addresses", "the", "advantages", "of", "utilizing", "a", "centrifuge", "test", "over", "the", "conventional", "static", "load", "test", "methods", "to", "structurally", "qualify", "aerospace", "structures", ".", "Three", "recent", "test", "cases", "are", "reviewed", "and", "used", "as", "examples", "to", "highlight", "these", "benefits", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "the", "overall", "capability", "of", "Goddard", "'s", "High", "Capacity", "Centrifuge", "(", "HCC", ")", "is", "outlined", "along", "with", "some", "unique", "features", "that", "were", "designed", "specifically", "to", "reduce", "costs", ",", "test", "turn", "around", "time", ",", "and", "increase", "test", "item", "safety", "."]}, {"id": "19", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Algorithms", "for", "rapid", "generation", "of", "moderate", "-", "fidelity", "structural", "finite", "element", "models", "of", "air", "vehicle", "structures", "to", "allow", "more", "accurate", "weight", "estimation", "earlier", "in", "the", "vehicle", "design", "process", "have", "been", "developed", ".", "Application", "of", "these", "algorithms", "should", "help", "to", "rapidly", "assess", "many", "structural", "layouts", "before", "the", "start", "of", "the", "preliminary", "design", "phase", "and", "eliminate", "weight", "penalties", "imposed", "when", "actual", "structure", "weights", "exceed", "those", "estimated", "during", "conceptual", "design", ".", "By", "defining", "the", "structural", "topology", "in", "a", "fully", "parametric", "manner", ",", "the", "structure", "can", "be", "mapped", "to", "arbitrary", "vehicle", "configurations", "being", "considered", "during", "conceptual", "design", "optimization", ".", "Recent", "enhancements", "to", "this", "approach", "include", "the", "porting", "of", "the", "algorithms", "to", "a", "platform", "-", "independent", "software", "language", "Python", ",", "and", "modifications", "to", "specifically", "consider", "morphing", "aircraft", "-", "type", "configurations", ".", "Two", "sample", "cases", "which", "illustrate", "these", "recent", "developments", "are", "presented", "."]}, {"id": "20", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Linear", "negative", "gravity", "anomalies", "in", "Acidalia", "Planitia", "along", "the", "eastern", "edge", "of", "Tempe", "Terra", "and", "along", "the", "northern", "edge", "of", "Arabia", "Terra", "have", "been", "noted", "in", "Mars", "Global", "Surveyor", "gravity", "fields", ".", "Once", "proposed", "to", "represent", "buried", "fluvial", "channels", ",", "it", "is", "now", "believed", "that", "these", "gravity", "troughs", "mainly", "arise", "from", "partial", "compensation", "of", "the", "hemispheric", "dichotomy", "topographic", "scarp", ".", "A", "recent", "inversion", "for", "crustal", "structure", "finds", "that", "mantle", "compensation", "of", "the", "scarp", "is", "offset", "from", "the", "present", "-", "day", "topographic", "expression", "of", "the", "dichotomy", "boundary", ".", "The", "offset", "suggests", "that", "erosion", "or", "other", "forms", "of", "mass", "wasting", "occurred", "after", "lithosphere", "thickened", "and", "no", "longer", "accomodated", "topographic", "change", "through", "viscous", "relaxation", "."]}, {"id": "21", "ner_tags": [3, 4, 0, 4, 4, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "Cohen", "&", "Strand", "model", "for", "AP", "composite", "propellants", "is", "applied", "as", "boundary", "conditions", ",", "one", "for", "AP", "and", "one", "for", "binder", ",", "in", "solving", "the", "heat", "conduction", "equation", "in", "each", "to", "compute", "linear", "and", "non", "-", "linear", "combustion", "response", "properties", "for", "each", "and", "for", "the", "aggregate", "propellant", ".", "Iterations", "couple", "AP", "and", "binder", "through", "the", "quasi", "-", "steady", "flame", "processes", ".", "Illustrative", "results", "for", "linear", "response", "functions", "(", "pressure", "-", "coupled", "and", "velocity", "-", "coupled", ")", "are", "presented", "for", "a", "monomodal", "AP", "propellant", "varying", "AP", "size", ",", "pressure", "and", "crossflow", "speed", ",", "and", "examples", "of", "non", "-", "linear", "responses", "to", "arbitrary", "waveforms", "are", "shown", ".", "A", "quantitative", "comparison", "with", "response", "function", "data", "is", "limited", "to", "one", "well", "-", "characterized", "research", "formulation", ".", "Mechanistic", "implications", "are", "discussed", ",", "including", "recommendations", "for", "future", "modeling", "work", "."]}, {"id": "22", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["In", "this", "paper", ",", "we", "study", "the", "potential", "benefits", "of", "using", "relatively", "broadband", "wireless", "power", "transmission", "WPT", "strategies", "in", "both", "weak", "-", "signal", "and", "multipath", "environments", "where", "traditional", "narrowband", "strategies", "can", "be", "very", "inefficient", ".", "The", "paper", "is", "primarily", "a", "theoretical", "and", "analytical", "treatment", "of", "the", "problem", "that", "attempts", "to", "derive", "results", "that", "are", "widely", "applicable", "to", "many", "different", "WPT", "applications", ",", "including", "space", "solar", "power", "SSP", "."]}, {"id": "23", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "paper", "describes", "the", "architecture", "and", "implementation", "of", "a", "distributed", "launch", "and", "ascent", "simulation", "of", "NASA", "'s", "Orion", "spacecraft", "and", "Ares", "I", "launch", "vehicle", ".", "This", "simulation", "is", "one", "segment", "of", "the", "Distributed", "Space", "Exploration", "Simulation", "(", "DSES", ")", "Project", ".", "The", "DSES", "project", "is", "a", "research", "and", "development", "collaboration", "between", "NASA", "centers", "which", "investigates", "technologies", "and", "processes", "for", "distributed", "simulation", "of", "complex", "space", "systems", "in", "support", "of", "NASA", "'s", "Exploration", "Initiative", ".", "DSES", "is", "developing", "an", "integrated", "end", "-", "to", "-", "end", "simulation", "capability", "to", "support", "NASA", "development", "and", "deployment", "of", "new", "exploration", "spacecraft", "and", "missions", ".", "This", "paper", "describes", "the", "first", "in", "a", "collection", "of", "simulation", "capabilities", "that", "DSES", "will", "support", "."]}]
+[{"id": "0", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Xenoliths", "are", "foreign", "clasts", "that", "oc", "-", "cur", "in", "various", "classes", "of", "meteorites", ",", "e.g.", "[", "1,2,3", "]", ".", "A", "re", "-", "cent", "study", "reveals", "the", "presence", "of", "several", "distinct", "classes", "of", "xenoliths", "in", "regolith", "-", "bearing", "meteorites", ",", "in", "-", "cluding", "in", "over", "20", "different", "carbonaceous", "chondrites", "[", "4", "]", ".", "The", "most", "common", "types", "of", "xenoliths", "are", "fine", "-", "grained", "hydrous", "clasts", ",", "often", "referred", "to", "as", "C1", "or", "CI", "clasts", "in", "the", "literature", ",", "although", "their", "mineralogy", "is", "actually", "more", "similar", "to", "hydrous", "micrometeorites", "[", "5,6", "]", ".", "Xenoliths", "in", "meteorites", "present", "an", "opportunity", "to", "study", "material", "not", "yet", "classified", "or", "available", "as", "separate", "meteorites", ",", "and", "can", "provide", "additional", "information", "on", "processes", "in", "the", "dynamic", "early", "history", "of", "the", "Solar", "Sys", "-", "tem", ".", "Here", "we", "have", "performed", "chemical", "and", "mineralogi", "-", "cal", "analyses", "of", "xenoliths", "in", "the", "CM2", "carbonaceous", "chondrite", "LON", "94101", ",", "using", "scanning", "electron", "micro", "-", "scopy", "(", "SEM", ")", "and", "transmission", "electron", "microscopy", "(", "TEM", ")", "."]}, {"id": "1", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["A", "series", "of", "total", "ionizing", "dose", "(", "TID", ")", "measurements", "were", "performed", "on", "commercial", "hard", "drives", "to", "explore", "the", "possible", "uses", "of", "the", "devices", "for", "the", "high", "radiation", "mission", ",", "and", "to", "help", "the", "understanding", "of", "the", "reliability", "of", "current", "hard", "drive", "technology", ".", "Three", "different", "models", "from", "three", "major", "manufacturers", "were", "tested", "with", "the", "aid", "of", "a", "commercial", "hard", "drive", "test", "system", "."]}, {"id": "2", "ner_tags": [0, 13, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 9, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "goal", "of", "our", "efforts", "is", "to", "extrapolate", "nearfield", "jet", "noise", "measurements", "to", "the", "geometric", "far", "field", "where", "the", "jet", "noise", "sources", "appear", "to", "radiate", "from", "a", "single", "point", ".", "To", "accomplish", "this", ",", "information", "about", "the", "location", "of", "noise", "sources", "in", "the", "jet", "plume", ",", "the", "radiation", "patterns", "of", "the", "noise", "sources", "and", "the", "sound", "pressure", "level", "distribution", "of", "the", "radiated", "field", "must", "be", "obtained", ".", "Since", "source", "locations", "and", "radiation", "patterns", "can", "not", "be", "found", "with", "simple", "single", "microphone", "measurements", ",", "a", "more", "complicated", "method", "must", "be", "used", "."]}, {"id": "3", "ner_tags": [3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Mass", "spectroscopic", "measurements", "on", "the", "gas", "and", "dust", "in", "the", "coma", "of", "Comet", "Halley", "revealed", "the", "presence", "of", "considerable", "amounts", "of", "organic", "species", ".", "Greenberg", "(", "1973", ")", "proposed", "that", "prior", "to", "the", "formation", "of", "the", "comet", "UV", "processing", "of", "the", "ice", "mantles", "on", "grains", "in", "dense", "clouds", "could", "lead", "to", "the", "formation", "of", "complex", "organic", "molecules", ".", "Theoretical", "predictions", "of", "the", "internal", "UV", "field", "in", "dense", "clouds", "as", "well", "as", "the", "discovery", "in", "interstellar", "ices", "of", "species", "like", "OCS", "and", "OCN-", "which", "have", "been", "formed", "in", "simulation", "experiments", "by", "photoprocessing", "of", "interstellar", "ice", "analogues", "point", "to", "the", "importance", "of", "such", "processing", ".", "We", "undertook", "a", "laboratory", "simulation", "study", "of", "the", "formation", "of", "organic", "molecules", "in", "interstellar", "ices", "and", "their", "possible", "relevance", "to", "the", "Comet", "Halley", "results", "."]}, {"id": "4", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Destructive", "examinations", "were", "performed", "to", "document", "the", "progression", "of", "multi", "-", "site", "damage", "(", "MSD", ")", "in", "three", "lap", "joint", "panels", "that", "were", "removed", "from", "a", "full", "scale", "fuselage", "test", "article", "that", "was", "tested", "to", "60,000", "full", "pressurization", "cycles", ".", "Similar", "fatigue", "crack", "growth", "characteristics", "were", "observed", "for", "small", "cracks", "(", "50", "microns", "to", "10", "mm", ")", "emanating", "from", "counter", "bore", "rivets", ",", "straight", "shank", "rivets", ",", "and", "100", "deg", "counter", "sink", "rivets", ".", "Good", "correlation", "of", "the", "fatigue", "crack", "growth", "data", "base", "obtained", "in", "this", "study", "and", "FASTRAN", "Code", "predictions", "show", "that", "the", "growth", "of", "MSD", "in", "the", "fuselage", "lap", "joint", "structure", "can", "be", "predicted", "by", "fracture", "mechanics", "based", "methods", "."]}, {"id": "5", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "surface", "of", "the", "Moon", "is", "covered", "in", "regolith", ",", "which", "is", "NOT", "soil", "!", "The", "regolith", "is", "shattered", "igneous", "rock", "plus", "glass", ".", "The", "particles", "are", "unsorted", ",", "unweathered", "and", "not", "abraided", ".", "Modeling", "of", "the", "regolith", "at", "the", "level", "of", "individual", "particles", "will", "be", "very", "problematic", ".", "Modeling", "of", "the", "regolith", ",", "if", "successful", "for", "one", "area", ",", "will", "be", "successful", "for", "most", "other", "areas", "if", "variation", "in", "particle", "size", "is", "addressed", "."]}, {"id": "6", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Geoscientists", "have", "been", "training", "and", "preparing", "astronauts", "to", "observe", "the", "Earth", "from", "space", "and", "explore", "other", "planetary", "surfaces", "with", "a", "legacy", "that", "reaches", "back", "to", "the", "early", "days", "of", "the", "space", "program", ".", "Continuing", "this", "legacy", "and", "critical", "function", ",", "a", "core", "NASA", "team", "has", "been", "closely", "coordinating", "with", "the", "Johnson", "Space", "Center", "(", "JSC", ")", "Flight", "Operations", "Directorate", "(", "FOD", ")", "as", "well", "as", "academic", ",", "institute", ",", "and", "other", "governmental", "partners", "to", "conduct", "a", "comprehensive", "geoscience", "training", "program", "that", "ranges", "from", "initial", "astronaut", "candidate", "training", "to", "preparing", "crew", "for", "Artemis", "missions", ".", "Described", "below", "are", "the", "three", "program", "training", "phases", ",", "along", "with", "recent", "program", "highlights", "and", "forward", "planning", "."]}, {"id": "7", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 7, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "operation", "of", "a", "coherent", "Doppler", "lidar", ",", "developed", "by", "NASA", "for", "missions", "to", "planetary", "bodies", ",", "is", "analyzed", "and", "its", "projected", "performance", "is", "described", ".", "The", "lidar", "transmits", "three", "laser", "beams", "at", "different", "but", "fixed", "directions", "and", "measures", "line", "-", "of", "-", "sight", "range", "and", "velocity", "along", "each", "beam", ".", "The", "three", "line", "-", "of", "-", "sight", "measurements", "are", "then", "combined", "in", "order", "to", "determine", "the", "three", "components", "of", "the", "vehicle", "velocity", "vector", "and", "its", "altitude", "relative", "to", "the", "ground", ".", "Operating", "from", "over", "five", "kilometers", "altitude", ",", "the", "NDL", "provides", "velocity", "and", "range", "data", "with", "a", "few", "cm", "/", "sec", "and", "a", "few", "meters", "precision", ",", "respectively", ",", "depending", "on", "the", "vehicle", "dynamics", ".", "This", "paper", "explains", "the", "sources", "of", "measurement", "error", "and", "analyzes", "the", "impact", "of", "vehicle", "dynamics", "on", "the", "lidar", "performance", "."]}, {"id": "8", "ner_tags": [7, 3, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 10, 0, 10, 0, 10, 0, 9, 10, 0, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "viewgraph", "presentation", "reviews", "the", "Adaptive", "Cross", "-", "Correlation", "(", "ACC", ")", "Algorithm", "for", "extended", "scene", "-", "Shack", "Hartmann", "wavefront", "(", "WF", ")", "sensing", ".", "A", "Shack", "-", "Hartmann", "sensor", "places", "a", "lenslet", "array", "at", "a", "plane", "conjugate", "to", "the", "WF", "error", "source", ".", "Each", "sub", "-", "aperture", "lenslet", "samples", "the", "WF", "in", "the", "corresponding", "patch", "of", "the", "WF", ".", "A", "description", "of", "the", "ACC", "algorithm", "is", "included", ".", "The", "ACC", "has", "several", "benefits", ";", "amongst", "them", "are", ":", "ACC", "requires", "only", "about", "4", "image", "-", "shifting", "iterations", "to", "achieve", "0.01", "pixel", "accuracy", "and", "ACC", "is", "insensitive", "to", "both", "background", "light", "and", "noise", "much", "more", "robust", "than", "centroiding", ","]}, {"id": "9", "ner_tags": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Next", "generation", "habitats", "for", "deep", "space", "exploration", "of", "cislunar", "space", ",", "the", "Moon", ",", "and", "ultimately", "Mars", "will", "benefit", "from", "on", "-", "board", "glovebox", "capability", ".", "Such", "a", "glovebox", "facility", "will", "maintain", "sample", "integrity", "for", "a", "variety", "of", "scientific", "endeavors", "whether", "for", "life", "science", ",", "materials", "science", ",", "or", "astromaterials", ".", "Glovebox", "lessons", "learned", "from", "decades", "of", "astromaterials", "curation", ",", "ISS", "on", "-", "board", "sample", "handling", ",", "and", "robust", "analog", "missions", "provide", "key", "design", "and", "operational", "factors", "for", "inclusion", "in", "on", "-", "going", "habitat", "development", "."]}, {"id": "10", "ner_tags": [0, 11, 0, 3, 4, 13, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 3, 4, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "paper", "presents", "reliability", "assessment", "results", "for", "the", "robust", "designs", "under", "uncertainty", "of", "a", "3", "-", "D", "flexible", "wing", "previously", "reported", "by", "the", "authors", ".", "Reliability", "assessments", "(", "additional", "optimization", "problems", ")", "of", "the", "active", "constraints", "at", "the", "various", "probabilistic", "robust", "design", "points", "are", "obtained", "and", "compared", "with", "the", "constraint", "values", "or", "target", "constraint", "probabilities", "specified", "in", "the", "robust", "design", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "reliability", "-", "based", "sensitivity", "derivatives", "with", "respect", "to", "design", "variable", "mean", "values", "are", "also", "obtained", "and", "shown", "to", "agree", "with", "finite", "difference", "values", ".", "These", "derivatives", "allow", "one", "to", "perform", "reliability", "based", "design", "without", "having", "to", "obtain", "second", "-", "order", "sensitivity", "derivatives", ".", "However", ",", "an", "inner", "-", "loop", "optimization", "problem", "must", "be", "solved", "for", "each", "active", "constraint", "to", "find", "the", "most", "probable", "point", "on", "that", "constraint", "failure", "surface", "."]}, {"id": "11", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "paper", "presents", "the", "results", "of", "an", "experiment", "examining", "the", "percentage", "of", "current", "that", "returns", "on", "adjacent", "wires", "or", "through", "a", "surrounding", "cable", "shield", "rather", "than", "through", "a", "shared", "conducting", "chassis", ".", "Simulation", "and", "measurement", "data", "are", "compared", "from", "1", "kHz", "1", "MHz", "for", "seven", "common", "cable", "configurations", ".", "The", "phenomenon", "is", "important", "to", "understand", ",", "because", "minimizing", "the", "return", "current", "path", "is", "vital", "in", "developing", "systems", "with", "low", "radiated", "emissions", "."]}, {"id": "12", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Computational", "simulations", "using", "the", "Launch", "Ascent", "and", "Vehicle", "Aerodynamics", "(", "LAVA", ")", "framework", "are", "presented", "for", "the", "First", "AIAA", "Sonic", "Boom", "Prediction", "Workshop", "test", "cases", ".", "The", "framework", "is", "utilized", "with", "both", "structured", "overset", "and", "unstructured", "meshing", "approaches", ".", "The", "three", "workshop", "test", "cases", "include", "an", "axisymmetric", "body", ",", "a", "Delta", "Wing", "-", "Body", "model", ",", "and", "a", "complete", "low", "-", "boom", "supersonic", "transport", "concept", ".", "Solution", "sensitivity", "to", "mesh", "type", "and", "sizing", ",", "and", "several", "numerical", "convective", "flux", "discretization", "choices", "are", "presented", "and", "discussed", ".", "Favorable", "comparison", "between", "the", "computational", "simulations", "and", "experimental", "data", "of", "nearand", "mid", "-", "field", "pressure", "signatures", "were", "obtained", "."]}, {"id": "13", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 11, 12, 0, 11, 12, 0, 11, 12, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "report", "summarizes", "the", "Access", "to", "Space", "(", "A2S", ")", "Workshop", "held", "on", "February", "25", "-", "27", ",", "2020", "at", "the", "Johns", "Hopkins", "University", "Applied", "Physics", "Laboratory", "(", "APL", ")", "and", "hosted", "by", "NASA", "\u2019s", "Science", "Mission", "Directorate", "(", "SMD", ")", ".", "This", "workshop", "solicited", "community", "input", "on", "the", "creation", "and", "management", "of", "an", "ESPA", "-", "class1payload", "pipeline", "for", "NASA", "SMD", "launches", ".", "The", "workshop", "brought", "together", "roughly", "180", "participants", "including", "scientists", ",", "engineers", ",", "instrument", "developers", ",", "launch", "providers", ",", "and", "policy", "makers", "across", "NASA", "centers", ",", "government", "agencies", ",", "commercial", "industry", ",", "research", "institutes", ",", "and", "academia", "."]}, {"id": "14", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "paper", "presents", "a", "status", "report", "on", "the", "progress", "of", "the", "Meteorological", "Satellite", "Program", ".", "In", "this", "review", ",", "I", "shall", "try", "to", "emphasize", "primarily", "the", "accomplishments", "since", "May", "1961", "when", "a", "report", "on", "the", "program", "was", "given", "to", "the", "First", "National", "Conference", "on", "Peaceful", "Uses", "of", "Space", "in", "Tulsa", ",", "Oklahoma", ".", "It", "is", "now", "one", "year", "later", ",", "and", "it", "is", "fitting", "that", "we", "stop", "and", "take", "stock", "of", "what", "we", "have", "been", "doing", "and", "where", "we", "are", "heading", "."]}, {"id": "15", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0], "tokens": ["After", "being", "selected", "to", "the", "astronaut", "office", ",", "crewmembers", "go", "through", "an", "initial", "two", "year", "training", "flow", ",", "astronaut", "candidacy", ",", "where", "they", "learn", "the", "basic", "skills", "necessary", "for", "spaceflight", ".", "While", "the", "bulk", "of", "astronaut", "candidate", "training", "currently", "centers", "on", "the", "multiple", "subjects", "required", "for", "ISS", "operations", "(", "EVA", "skills", ",", "Russian", "language", ",", "ISS", "systems", ",", "etc", ".", ")", ",", "training", "also", "includes", "geoscience", "training", "designed", "to", "train", "crewmembers", "in", "Earth", "observations", ",", "teach", "astronauts", "about", "other", "planetary", "systems", ",", "and", "provide", "field", "training", "designed", "to", "investigate", "field", "operations", "and", "boost", "team", "skills", ".", "This", "training", "goes", "back", "to", "Apollo", "training", "and", "has", "evolved", "to", "support", "ISS", "operations", "and", "future", "exploration", "missions", "."]}, {"id": "16", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 10, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "paper", "presents", "three", "benchmark", "cases", "for", "verification", "of", "Reynolds", "-", "averaged", " ", "Navier", "-", "Stokes", " ", "solvers", ".", " ", "The", "verification", " ", "studies", "focus", " ", "on", "a", " ", "one", "-", "equation", "  ", "Spalart", "-", "Allmaras", "model", ",", "SA-[neg]-QCR2000", ",", "  ", "that", "uses", "a", "  ", "version", "  ", "of", "quadratic", "constitutive", "relations", ".", "The", " ", "benchmark", "cases", "are", " ", "a", " ", "two", "-", "dimensional", "subsonic", " ", "flow", " ", "around", " ", "a", "Joukowski", "airfoil", ",", "a", "three", "-", "dimensional", "supersonic", " ", "flow", "through", "a", "square", "duct", ",", "and", "a", "three", "-", "dimensional", "flow", "over", "a", "wing", "-", "fuselage", "configuration", ".", "The", "turbulence", "-", "model", "formulation", ",", "geometry", ",", "flow", "conditions", ",", "grids", ",", "and", "the", "expected", "output", " ", "are", " ", "described", "in", "detail", ".", " ", "Reference", " ", "solutions", " ", "computed", " ", "by", "several", "established", "codes", "are", "shown"]}, {"id": "17", "ner_tags": [1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Glenn", "Research", "Center", "develops", "advanced", "diagnostic", "techniques", "to", "measure", "surface", "and", "flow", "properties", "in", "research", "facilities", ".", "We", "support", "a", "variety", "of", "aerospace", "propulsion", "applications", ":", "Shuttle", ",", "X-33", ",", "X-43", ",", "ISS", ",", "and", "research", "engine", "components", ":", "inlets", ",", "compressors", ",", "combustors", ",", "nozzles", ".", "We", "are", "developing", "a", "suite", "of", "instrumentation", "specifically", "for", "3rd", "Generation", "Reusable", "Launch", "Vehicle", "testing", "."]}, {"id": "18", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Most", "robotic", "missions", "to", "the", "outer", "solar", "system", "must", "grapple", "with", "the", "hazards", "posed", "by", "the", "dusty", "rings", "of", "the", "gas", "giants", ".", "Early", "assessments", "of", "these", "hazards", "led", "simply", "to", "ring", "avoidance", "due", "to", "insufficient", "data", "and", "high", "uncertainties", "on", "the", "dust", "population", "present", "in", "such", "rings", ".", "Recent", "approaches", ",", "principal", "among", "them", "the", "Cassini", "dust", "hazard", "management", "strategy", ",", "provide", "useful", "results", "from", "detailed", "modeling", "of", "spacecraft", "vulnerabilities", "and", "dust", "hazard", "regions", ",", "which", "along", "with", "the", "range", "of", "mission", "trajectories", "are", "used", "to", "to", "assess", "the", "risks", "posed", "by", "each", "passage", "through", "a", "zone", "of", "potential", "hazard", ".", "This", "paper", "shows", "the", "general", "approach", "used", "to", "implement", "the", "analysis", "for", "Cassini", ",", "with", "recommendations", "for", "future", "outer", "planet", "missions", "."]}, {"id": "19", "ner_tags": [11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["InSight", "is", "a", "proposed", "Discovery", "mission", "which", "will", "deliver", "a", "lander", "containing", "geophysical", "instrumentation", ",", "including", "a", "heat", "flow", "probe", "and", "a", "seismometer", "package", ",", "to", "Mars", ".", "The", "aim", "of", "this", "mission", "is", "to", "perform", ",", "for", "the", "first", "time", ",", "an", "in", "-", "situ", "investigation", "of", "the", "interior", "of", "a", "truly", "Earth-", "like", "planet", "other", "than", "our", "own", ",", "with", "the", "goal", "of", "understanding", "the", "formation", "and", "evolution", "of", "terrestrial", "planets", "through", "investigation", "of", "the", "interior", "structure", "and", "processes", "of", "Mars", "."]}, {"id": "20", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Linear", "negative", "gravity", "anomalies", "in", "Acidalia", "Planitia", "along", "the", "eastern", "edge", "of", "Tempe", "Terra", "and", "along", "the", "northern", "edge", "of", "Arabia", "Terra", "have", "been", "noted", "in", "Mars", "Global", "Surveyor", "gravity", "fields", ".", "Once", "proposed", "to", "represent", "buried", "fluvial", "channels", ",", "it", "is", "now", "believed", "that", "these", "gravity", "troughs", "mainly", "arise", "from", "partial", "compensation", "of", "the", "hemispheric", "dichotomy", "topographic", "scarp", ".", "A", "recent", "inversion", "for", "crustal", "structure", "finds", "that", "mantle", "compensation", "of", "the", "scarp", "is", "offset", "from", "the", "present", "-", "day", "topographic", "expression", "of", "the", "dichotomy", "boundary", ".", "The", "offset", "suggests", "that", "erosion", "or", "other", "forms", "of", "mass", "wasting", "occurred", "after", "lithosphere", "thickened", "and", "no", "longer", "accomodated", "topographic", "change", "through", "viscous", "relaxation", "."]}, {"id": "21", "ner_tags": [9, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Heat", "-", "shield", "for", "Extreme", "Entry", "Environment", "Technology", "(", "HEEET", ")", "has", "been", "in", "development", "since", "2014", "with", "the", "goal", "of", "enabling", "missions", "to", "Venus", ",", "Saturn", "and", "other", "high", "-", "speed", "sample", "return", "missions", ".", "It", "is", "offered", "as", "a", "new", "technology", "and", "incentivized", "for", "mission", "use", "in", "the", "New", "Frontiers", "4", "AO", "by", "NASA", ".", "The", "current", "plans", "are", "to", "mature", "the", "technology", "to", "TRL", "6", "by", "FY\u201918", ".", "The", "HEEET", "Team", "has", "been", "working", "closely", "with", "multiple", "NF-4", "proposals", "to", "Venus", ",", "Saturn", "and", "has", "been", "supporting", "recent", "Ice", "-", "Giants", "mission", "studies", ".", "This", "presentation", "will", "provide", "progress", "made", "to", "date", "and", "the", "plans", "for", "development", "in", "FY\u201918", "."]}, {"id": "22", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["We", "present", "here", "some", "of", "the", "scientific", "objectives", "which", "can", "be", "achieved", "by", "a", "single", "seismic", "station", "on", "Mars", ",", "equipped", "with", "a", "3", "axis", "VBB", "seismometer", "and", "a", "3", "axis", "Short", "Period", "Seismometer", ".", "We", "assume", "that", "this", "station", "is", "also", "equipped", "with", "meteorological", "sensors", ",", "including", "infra", "-", "sound", "and", "pressure", ",", "in", "order", "to", "perform", "a", "complete", "meteorological", "noise", "correction", ".", "The", "science", "objectives", "are", "listed", "in", "order", "of", "increasing", "difficulty", "."]}, {"id": "23", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 11, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 12, 0, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 5, 0, 6, 6, 6, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 6, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Large", "scale", "distributions", "of", "ozone", ",", "water", "vapor", ",", "aerosols", ",", "and", "clouds", "were", "measured", "throughout", "the", "troposphere", "by", "two", "NASA", "Langley", "lidar", "systems", "on", "board", "the", "NASA", "DC-8", "aircraft", "as", "part", "of", "the", "Tropical", "Composition", ",", "Cloud", ",", "and", "Climate", "Coupling", "Experiment", "(", "TC4", ")", "over", "Central", "and", "South", "America", "and", "adjacent", "oceans", "in", "the", "summer", "of", "2007", ".", "Special", "emphasis", "was", "placed", "on", "the", "sampling", "of", "convective", "outflow", "and", "transport", ",", "sub", "-", "visible", "cirrus", "clouds", ",", "boundary", "layer", "aerosols", ",", "Saharan", "dust", ",", "volcanic", "emissions", ",", "and", "urban", "and", "biomass", "burning", "plumes", ".", "This", "paper", "presents", "preliminary", "results", "from", "this", "campaign", ",", "and", "demonstrates", "the", "value", "of", "coordinated", "measurements", "by", "the", "two", "lidar", "systems", "."]}, {"id": "24", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["We", "report", "on", "the", "petrography", ",", "mineralogy", "and", "trace", "-", "element", "abundances", "of", "individual", "carbonate", "grains", "in", "the", "Early", "Proterozoic", "Gunflint", "BIF", "(", "Banded", "Iron", "Formation", ")", ".", "Trace", "-", "element", "data", "may", "be", "used", "as", "environmental", "recorders", "of", "the", "fluid", "evolution", "from", "which", "the", "various", "carbonate", "phases", "precipitated", ".", "Additional", "information", "is", "contained", "in", "the", "original", "extended", "abstract", "."]}, {"id": "25", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0], "tokens": ["The", "NASA", "Lewis", "Research", "Center", "has", "a", "thermal", "management", "program", "supporting", "SP-100", "goals", ",", "which", "includes", "heat", "pipe", "radiator", "development", ".", "As", "a", "part", "of", "the", "program", "Lewis", "has", "elected", "to", "prepare", "an", "in", "-", "house", "heat", "pipe", "code", "tailored", "to", "the", "needs", "of", "its", "SP-100", "staff", "to", "supplement", "codes", "from", "other", "sources", ".", "The", "latter", ",", "designed", "to", "meet", "the", "needs", "of", "the", "originating", "organizations", ",", "were", "deemed", "not", "entirely", "appropriate", "for", "use", "at", "Lewis", ".", "However", ",", "a", "review", "of", "their", "features", "proved", "most", "beneficial", "in", "the", "design", "of", "the", "Lewis", "code", "."]}, {"id": "26", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Even", "though", "a", "great", "deal", "of", "theoretical", "and", "experimental", "information", "has", "been", "obtained", "in", "recent", "years", "on", "the", "flow", "over", "simple", "shapes", "in", "hypersonic", "flow", "a", "great", "deal", "of", "confusion", "still", "exists", "on", "how", "to", "interpret", "and", "extrapolate", "the", "results", "obtained", ".", "This", "paper", "offers", "information", "recently", "obtained", "at", "Langley", "at", "Mach", "numbers", "ranging", "from", "7", "to", "21", "encompassing", "both", "work", "in", "air", "and", "helium", "on", "shapes", "ranging", "from", "rods", "to", "delta", "wings", ".", "The", "results", "indicate", "that", "in", "most", "cases", "methods", "for", "making", "useful", "estimates", "of", "pressure", "are", "in", "hand", "for", "simple", "shapes", ".", "However", ",", "three", "-", "dimensional", "effects", "and", "the", "interaction", "between", "the", "components", "considerably", "complicates", "the", "flow", "fields", "over", "delta", "wings", "at", "low", "angles", "of", "attack", "."]}, {"id": "27", "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0], "tokens": ["We", "have", "reviewed", "the", "literature", "on", "composition", "of", "young", "stars", ",", "both", "hot", "and", "cool", ",", "as", "well", "as", "older", "solar", "-", "type", "stars", ".", "We", "find", "that", "all", "these", "classes", "of", "stars", "have", "lower", "abundances", "of", "the", "heavy", "elements", "(", "specifically", "C", ",", "N", ",", "O", ",", "Mg", ",", "Si", ",", "and", "Fe", ")", "than", "the", "sun", ".", "Therefore", "studies", "of", "interstellar", "depletions", "in", "which", "the", "solar", "composition", "is", "used", "as", "the", "reference", "standard", "are", "probably", "in", "error", ",", "tending", "to", "overestimate", "the", "total", "quantities", "of", "these", "elements", ",", "hence", "the", "depletions", ".", "We", "have", "revised", "the", "depletion", "estimates", ",", "using", "stellar", "abundances", "as", "the", "reference", "standard", "and", "making", "use", "of", "recent", "IS", "gas", "-", "phase", "abundance", "measurements", ".", "As", "a", "result", "of", "our", "revised", "depletions", ",", "we", "can", "place", "new", "and", "stringent", "constraints", "on", "several", "published", "models", "for", "the", "interstellar", "dust", "."]}, {"id": "28", "ner_tags": [9, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0], "tokens": ["Ares", "V", "is", "the", "heavy", "lift", "vehicle", "NASA", "is", "designing", "for", "lunar", "and", "other", "space", "missions", ".", "It", "has", "significantly", "more", "lift", "capability", "than", "the", "Saturn", "V", "vehicle", "used", "for", "the", "Apollo", "missions", "to", "the", "moon", ".", "Ares", "V", "is", "powered", "by", "two", "recoverable", "5.5", "segment", "solid", "rocket", "boosters", "and", "six", "RS-68B", "engines", "on", "the", "core", "stage", ".", "The", "upper", "stage", ",", "designated", "as", "the", "Earth", "Departure", "Stage", ",", "is", "powered", "by", "a", "single", "J-2X", "engine", ".", "This", "paper", "provides", "an", "overview", "of", "the", "Ares", "V", "vehicle", "and", "the", "RS-68B", "engine", ",", "an", "upgrade", "to", "the", "Pratt", "&", "Whitney", "Rocketdyne", "RS-68", "engine", "developed", "for", "the", "Delta", "IV", "vehicle", "."]}, {"id": "29", "ner_tags": [0, 11, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tokens": ["This", "study", "examined", "182", "ramp", "operations", "incident", "reports", "from", "the", "Aviation", "Safety", "Reporting", "System", "(", "ASRS", ")", "database", ",", "to", "determine", "which", "factors", "influence", "ramp", "operation", "incidents", ".", "It", "was", "found", "that", "incidents", "occurred", "more", "often", "during", "aircraft", "arrival", "operations", "than", "during", "departure", "operations", ";", "incidents", "occurred", "most", "often", "at", "the", "gate", "stop", "area", ",", "less", "so", "at", "the", "gate", "entry", "/", "exit", "areas", ",", "and", "least", "on", "the", "ramp", "fringe", "areas", ";", "and", "reporters", "cited", "fewer", "incidents", "when", "more", "ground", "crew", "were", "present", ".", "The", "authors", "offer", "suggestions", "for", "both", "airline", "management", "and", "flight", "crews", "to", "reduce", "the", "rate", "of", "ramp", "incidents", "."]}]