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how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | it 's a lot of fun . count the flowers . type the missing numbers in the boxes . | how do you count by 4 's ? |
how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . | how many legs does a spider have ? |
how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | it 's a lot of fun . count the flowers . type the missing numbers in the boxes . | how come we do n't count zero ? |
how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | it 's a lot of fun . count the flowers . type the missing numbers in the boxes . | how do you count to 1,000 ? |
how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | let 's keep going . type the missing numbers . it says count the ladybugs . | are there numbers smaller than 1 ? |
how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | this one , just like the last time , they skipped , actually they skipped the same ones . this would n't be the right way to do it . so , we select this one right here , and then we 're done . | why ca n't you divide by zero ? |
how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . | how do we recognize amount ? |
how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | it 's a lot of fun . count the flowers . type the missing numbers in the boxes . | if i count , do fly like counting comet fro tem oomizzomie ? |
how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | it 's a lot of fun . count the flowers . type the missing numbers in the boxes . | why we need to count in order so we can count things right ? |
how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | it 's a lot of fun . count the flowers . type the missing numbers in the boxes . | do we have to count in order all the time ? |
how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | type the missing numbers in the boxes . this is flower number one , flower number two . just gon na type that right in there . | what is the largest number so far ? |
how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . | why do mastery challenges only come at certain points ? |
how do we count the flowers ? so , this first choice , they go one , two , three , and then they do n't count this one and then they skip it and they go four , five , six , and then they skip this one again , and then they say seven , eight . that 's not how you count flowers ! you 'd say this is four , this is five ,... | let 's keep going . type the missing numbers . it says count the ladybugs . | can u multiply negative numbers ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | and it 's one of the mysteries of history , of archaeology today . why did this indus valley civilization end ? some of the older theories were it was maybe it was a foreign invasion , maybe some of the ancestors of the modern indians invaded , or maybe they assimilated it somehow . | what does it mean for a civilization to end ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | the indus river runs mostly in modern-day pakistan , and that 's why it 's called the indus valley civilization . indus valley civilization . it 's also sometimes referred to as the harappan civilization , which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization . | how do you define when a civilization ended ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | the indus river runs mostly in modern-day pakistan , and that 's why it 's called the indus valley civilization . indus valley civilization . it 's also sometimes referred to as the harappan civilization , which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization . | do we know of any wars between the harappan civilization and any other groups ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | the indus river runs mostly in modern-day pakistan , and that 's why it 's called the indus valley civilization . indus valley civilization . it 's also sometimes referred to as the harappan civilization , which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization . | there 's the trade theory indicated , but is that all of the interaction between the indus river valley and anywhere else that is known ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | this is , this one right over here is a picture , it 's called dancing girl , but she 's not dancing , but they think that might be her profession . it 's all speculation by archaeologists today . this they believe is called priest-king , once again , it 's all speculation . | is anyone today trying to decipher the old language ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | the largest site is at mohenjo-daro , right over here in the sindh region of pakistan and it 's believed that as many as 40,000 people lived in that city that we now , or that site , that we now call mohenjo-daro . and so far , we have discovered over 1,000 sites in this area and we believe that as many as five million... | how is the size of the population determined ... in one area you say there were 40,000 and in another you say 4 million ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | the indus river runs mostly in modern-day pakistan , and that 's why it 's called the indus valley civilization . indus valley civilization . it 's also sometimes referred to as the harappan civilization , which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization . | is it possible that the rise of the babylonian empire caused the indus valley civilization to collapse ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | this is an example of the types of seals they made . this is their jewelry , once again , this is quite intricate jewelry , and this jewelry was not just discovered in archaeological digs in these various sites . there 's evidence of their jewelry as far as mesopotamia in digs there . | is n't it possible that the exportation of jewelry was not from ancient india ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | indus valley civilization . it 's also sometimes referred to as the harappan civilization , which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization . now to get ourselves acquainted in time , this shows when archaeologists , historians consider to be the main part of the harappan civili... | how can we have predictions of the times of the evidences found in there ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | where were the ancient egyptians found ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | the indus river runs mostly in modern-day pakistan , and that 's why it 's called the indus valley civilization . indus valley civilization . it 's also sometimes referred to as the harappan civilization , which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization . | why urbanization in indus valley civilization happened faster than egyptian and mesopotamian civilizations ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | the indus river runs mostly in modern-day pakistan , and that 's why it 's called the indus valley civilization . indus valley civilization . it 's also sometimes referred to as the harappan civilization , which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization . | i might just have this question bcuz i did n't watch the full video but why is n't the basic civilization that started around 7000 bce not considered the indus valley civilization ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | you 'd need to think of how many things we would build would last 5,000 years in this good , being exposed to the environments . they think this was a public bath . you see a citadel in the background . | was n't the great bath ( the structure sal mentioned ) used for ritual practices ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | the indus river runs mostly in modern-day pakistan , and that 's why it 's called the indus valley civilization . indus valley civilization . it 's also sometimes referred to as the harappan civilization , which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization . | if the indus river valley civilization was probably earlier , had ( probably ) more people and were technologically more advanced then all the other contemporary civilizations , why is n't it know as 'the craddle of civilization ' ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | the indus river runs mostly in modern-day pakistan , and that 's why it 's called the indus valley civilization . indus valley civilization . it 's also sometimes referred to as the harappan civilization , which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization . | why is it that mesopotamia has this title and not the indus river valley civilization ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | the indus river runs mostly in modern-day pakistan , and that 's why it 's called the indus valley civilization . indus valley civilization . it 's also sometimes referred to as the harappan civilization , which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization . | was there any treaties or diplomacy made during that period of time in the indus river civilization with others ? |
as we 've talked about in multiple videos , some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys , and that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations , and allo... | the indus river runs mostly in modern-day pakistan , and that 's why it 's called the indus valley civilization . indus valley civilization . it 's also sometimes referred to as the harappan civilization , which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization . | how do we know when something happened if i 'm retaining two different dates for the start of indus valley civilizations and two separate dates for the end of it ? |
( cheerful music ) dr. steven zucker : according to legend , st. luke had a vision of the virgin mary and child , and painted that vision . as a result , he is the patron saint of painters . dr. beth harris : you 'll notice that st. luke 's eyes are half-closed , so we know that he is not actually seeing the virgin and... | you can tell it 's moses because he 's holding the two tablets with the 10 laws . dr. harris : the 10 commandments . dr. zucker : in the christian tradition , he 's shown with horns on his head , and so we know it 's moses . | do you think the artist was consciously trying to imitate the presentation of the ten commandments ? |
( cheerful music ) dr. steven zucker : according to legend , st. luke had a vision of the virgin mary and child , and painted that vision . as a result , he is the patron saint of painters . dr. beth harris : you 'll notice that st. luke 's eyes are half-closed , so we know that he is not actually seeing the virgin and... | dr. zucker : right ; we have absolutely no historical references to their likenesses , and so where is the authority of any painter who is transcribing their images ? and that issue of even the legitimacy of transcribing an image is called into question in the top right corner , where the artist has rendered [ in grise... | is n't this more a reference to the famous sculpture of moses ? |
( cheerful music ) dr. steven zucker : according to legend , st. luke had a vision of the virgin mary and child , and painted that vision . as a result , he is the patron saint of painters . dr. beth harris : you 'll notice that st. luke 's eyes are half-closed , so we know that he is not actually seeing the virgin and... | these are , i think , difficult questions always for artists . dr. zucker : right ; we have absolutely no historical references to their likenesses , and so where is the authority of any painter who is transcribing their images ? and that issue of even the legitimacy of transcribing an image is called into question in ... | then what references have survived ? |
( cheerful music ) dr. steven zucker : according to legend , st. luke had a vision of the virgin mary and child , and painted that vision . as a result , he is the patron saint of painters . dr. beth harris : you 'll notice that st. luke 's eyes are half-closed , so we know that he is not actually seeing the virgin and... | dr. zucker : right ; we have absolutely no historical references to their likenesses , and so where is the authority of any painter who is transcribing their images ? and that issue of even the legitimacy of transcribing an image is called into question in the top right corner , where the artist has rendered [ in grise... | what does steven say about how the sculpture of moses is rendered ? |
( cheerful music ) dr. steven zucker : according to legend , st. luke had a vision of the virgin mary and child , and painted that vision . as a result , he is the patron saint of painters . dr. beth harris : you 'll notice that st. luke 's eyes are half-closed , so we know that he is not actually seeing the virgin and... | how does one imagine the virgin mary ? how does one paint jesus christ ? these are , i think , difficult questions always for artists . | if luke was a disciple of christ how was he able to draw the madonna with the child ? |
in the last video where we generalized the linear consumption function . i said that the tax , the total amount of taxes , the aggregate taxes are constant , all of these were constants right here . you can merge them into a constant that ended up being our independent variable intercept right over here . youtube user ... | just to do that algebraically , we can rewrite this expression up here . you have aggregate consumption = my marginal propensity to consume times aggregate income + autonomous consumption , the amount that would be consumed no matter what . minus the marginal propensity to consume , shows up again . | would n't the base consumption ( csub0 ) has come out of the total income ( y ) ? |
in the last video where we generalized the linear consumption function . i said that the tax , the total amount of taxes , the aggregate taxes are constant , all of these were constants right here . you can merge them into a constant that ended up being our independent variable intercept right over here . youtube user ... | this whole term right over here is essentially disposable income . disposable income right over here . we could actually , if we wanted to write this as some other variable we could just put that variable right over there and say it 's disposable income and then it actually becomes a very simple thing to graph . | if consumtion= base + disposable income , would n't we have to also substract , taxes and the base consumption to get to disposable income ? |
in the last video where we generalized the linear consumption function . i said that the tax , the total amount of taxes , the aggregate taxes are constant , all of these were constants right here . you can merge them into a constant that ended up being our independent variable intercept right over here . youtube user ... | what is this term right over here ? well , ( 1 - t ) y , if the tax rate is 30 % then this 1 - 30 % is going to be 70 % . 70 % x aggregate income , that 's essentially what people get in their pockets . | is there any mathematical relationship between mpc and tax rates that the government makes use of to increase aggregate consumption : c1x ( 1 - t1 ) < c2x ( 1 - t2 ) ? |
in the last video where we generalized the linear consumption function . i said that the tax , the total amount of taxes , the aggregate taxes are constant , all of these were constants right here . you can merge them into a constant that ended up being our independent variable intercept right over here . youtube user ... | i 'll switch the order here . well , let me not switch the order , times the tax rate , not just the aggregate total tax value but the actual tax rate times aggregate income . that 's those 2 terms there and then we 're just left with the autonomous consumption . | are n't tax rates not constant anyway ? |
in the last video where we generalized the linear consumption function . i said that the tax , the total amount of taxes , the aggregate taxes are constant , all of these were constants right here . you can merge them into a constant that ended up being our independent variable intercept right over here . youtube user ... | in the last video where we generalized the linear consumption function . i said that the tax , the total amount of taxes , the aggregate taxes are constant , all of these were constants right here . you can merge them into a constant that ended up being our independent variable intercept right over here . | given that total demand is the same what should we expect that the next step for squeezy oranges be ? |
in the last video where we generalized the linear consumption function . i said that the tax , the total amount of taxes , the aggregate taxes are constant , all of these were constants right here . you can merge them into a constant that ended up being our independent variable intercept right over here . youtube user ... | we get c = c1 x y . marginal propensity to consume times aggregate income and i 'm going to write this one . minus the marginal propensity to consume times ... | how is someone able to consume without income ? |
in the last video where we generalized the linear consumption function . i said that the tax , the total amount of taxes , the aggregate taxes are constant , all of these were constants right here . you can merge them into a constant that ended up being our independent variable intercept right over here . youtube user ... | you can merge them into a constant that ended up being our independent variable intercept right over here . youtube user nilsor1337 asks a very interesting and good question . `` are n't taxes in some way a function of aggregate income ? `` in most modern economies `` people pay a percentage of their income . | hi , i need help please with the following question that i 'm struggling with : if tax function is given as t= -108+0.32y , how much would the government collect in taxes when the economy remains equilibrium ? |
in the last video where we generalized the linear consumption function . i said that the tax , the total amount of taxes , the aggregate taxes are constant , all of these were constants right here . you can merge them into a constant that ended up being our independent variable intercept right over here . youtube user ... | i 'll switch the order here . well , let me not switch the order , times the tax rate , not just the aggregate total tax value but the actual tax rate times aggregate income . that 's those 2 terms there and then we 're just left with the autonomous consumption . | other information that is given is the proportional tax rate at 32 % the thing that confuses me is how do i use the given tax rate into the tax function that i 'm required to determine , should i substitute t by ty ? |
in the last video where we generalized the linear consumption function . i said that the tax , the total amount of taxes , the aggregate taxes are constant , all of these were constants right here . you can merge them into a constant that ended up being our independent variable intercept right over here . youtube user ... | it 's essentially equal to this business right over there . then we could rewrite the consumption function as aggregate consumption = marginal propensity to consume times disposable income + sum level of autonomous consumption . plus sum level of autonomous consumption . | how consumption and saving function shifts downward when increase in indirect tax ? |
alright , so last video i showed you guys this really crazy fact . we have our usual setup here for this constrained optimization situation . we have a function we wan na maximize , which i 'm thinking of as revenues for some company . a constraint , which i 'm thinking of as some kinda budget for that company . and ,... | i 'm not gon na have room here , am i ? so what you subtract off , minus lambda star at b of h star and s star , but each of these guys is also a function of little b , minus little b . so you have this large , kind of complicated multivariable function . | is it possible to find an expression for lambda star as a function of b ? |
alright , so last video i showed you guys this really crazy fact . we have our usual setup here for this constrained optimization situation . we have a function we wan na maximize , which i 'm thinking of as revenues for some company . a constraint , which i 'm thinking of as some kinda budget for that company . and ,... | i think that 'll be useful . i 'm gon na rewrite the l if i consider it as a four variable function of h , s , lambda , and b , that what that equals is r evaluated h and s , minus lambda multiplied by this constraint function , b evaluated at h and s , minus little b . and this is now when i 'm considering little b to... | why would lambda* be written as a constant lambda* , rather than a function lambda* ( b ) , as the other variables h* ( b ) and s* ( b ) ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | this adhesive force , this adhesion force , is important . it causes something called capillary action . so , let me get rid of this . | why does capillary action increase when the diameter of the vessel becomes thinner ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | they 're actually attracted to the container too and other materials , and that 's called adhesion . so , the fact that water molecules are attracted to other materials as well is called adhesion . so , what happens is , this water molecule is n't just attracted to the other water molecules , it 's attracted to the wal... | also , i understand that adhesion helps the water molecules stick to the walls of the container , but how does it help the water molecules to keep climbing higher ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | if you have a container with liquid , or say water , and you took another container . you put it in here like a straw . if you just stick it in , what you 'll see is that because the liquid is attracted to the walls of this inner container , it does n't just stay at this level , it 'll rise above . | so what happens in the absence of gravity , like in space ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | they want to group together , if they can . so , what would this water molecule do ? i mean , which way is he going to go ? | how would water stay in a glass container ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | so , it 's not floating . it 's actually just sitting on the surface , because there 's surface tension . water is a liquid that 's capable of having a significant amount of surface tension , and you know it 's surface tension because if you were to come in here and exert a little force down , breaking the surface tens... | is surface tension what causes strands of wet hair to stick together in air ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | yes , these water molecules down below will prevent them from just grouping into one big clump in the center , but since they 're less restricted , they can form these tighter bonds here at the surface , and this allows it to support a pressure from above . so , this allows it to support a certain amount of weight , wh... | how many free surfaces are there when a needle floats on liquid at rest ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | this is usually called the meniscus , and it 's caused by the adhesion , the attraction of water molecules to the container that it 's in . this adhesive force , this adhesion force , is important . it causes something called capillary action . | what will happen when cohesive force is equal to adhesive force ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | it lowers the surface tension , which means these water molecules do n't clump together as much , and if they 're not clumping together , they can get into the small cracks , which kicks out the dirt in your hands , and this water is better able to penetrate into the smaller cracks and get where it needs to go . so , s... | is surface tension due to the surface molecules or due to the bulk of liquid ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | so , it 's not floating . it 's actually just sitting on the surface , because there 's surface tension . water is a liquid that 's capable of having a significant amount of surface tension , and you know it 's surface tension because if you were to come in here and exert a little force down , breaking the surface tens... | surface tension is more in concave or plane surface ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | so , it 's not floating . it 's actually just sitting on the surface , because there 's surface tension . water is a liquid that 's capable of having a significant amount of surface tension , and you know it 's surface tension because if you were to come in here and exert a little force down , breaking the surface tens... | what exactly is breaking the surface tension ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | it lowers the surface tension , which means these water molecules do n't clump together as much , and if they 're not clumping together , they can get into the small cracks , which kicks out the dirt in your hands , and this water is better able to penetrate into the smaller cracks and get where it needs to go . so , s... | how can a mercury drop inside water have two free surfaces and in air have onl one free surface ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | it lowers the surface tension , which means these water molecules do n't clump together as much , and if they 're not clumping together , they can get into the small cracks , which kicks out the dirt in your hands , and this water is better able to penetrate into the smaller cracks and get where it needs to go . so , s... | what does the length refer to , especially in something like the surface of a glass of water ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | so , it 's not floating . it 's actually just sitting on the surface , because there 's surface tension . water is a liquid that 's capable of having a significant amount of surface tension , and you know it 's surface tension because if you were to come in here and exert a little force down , breaking the surface tens... | why does less surfactant cause an increase in alveolar surface tension ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | so , the fact that water molecules are attracted to other materials as well is called adhesion . so , what happens is , this water molecule is n't just attracted to the other water molecules , it 's attracted to the wall , and these water molecules climb the wall a little bit . so , that 's why you 'll see when you fil... | if we put mercury on top op water ... will it float or sink ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | this adhesive force , this adhesion force , is important . it causes something called capillary action . so , let me get rid of this . | why makes a concave or convex shape in capillary ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | so , it 's not floating . it 's actually just sitting on the surface , because there 's surface tension . water is a liquid that 's capable of having a significant amount of surface tension , and you know it 's surface tension because if you were to come in here and exert a little force down , breaking the surface tens... | what is surface energy and how is it related with surface tension ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | that 's a problem . here in the bulk of the liquid , he ca n't decide , or in other words , let 's just say he got pulled toward this molecule . well , it 's also getting pulled to the left by all of this , by this one pulling it back to its original position . | then why ca n't we pick mercury with our bare hands ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | so , let me get rid of this . if you have a container with liquid , or say water , and you took another container . you put it in here like a straw . | what explains the tendency of two fluids to combine when they are brought together in a container without application of another factor ; for example , as happens with cream or milk added to coffee in a cup before any stirring is done ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | a few practical applications of this , one clinical . if there 's bile present in urine , you can detect its presence because it lowers the surface tension of urine . so , it gives you a test of whether the liver is metabolizing things the way it should . | in the video , the lecturer explains that bile in urine lowers the surface tension of urine- how does it exactly work and what effects does it have ( by lowering the surface tension , how does bile help our body ) ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | so , it 's not floating . it 's actually just sitting on the surface , because there 's surface tension . water is a liquid that 's capable of having a significant amount of surface tension , and you know it 's surface tension because if you were to come in here and exert a little force down , breaking the surface tens... | what happens to the surface tension of a liquid after addition of some type of impurity ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | it looks perfectly smooth , but on a microscopic level , the water 's not as diffuse as it could be . it 's forming these clumps , because the water has cohesion , and it joins together , but if you add a little soap to the scenario , that breaks the surface tension . it lowers the surface tension , which means these w... | 2.if work done in blowing a soap bubble of volume 'v ' is w , then the work done in blowing a soap bubble of volume 2v is ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | so , it 's not floating . it 's actually just sitting on the surface , because there 's surface tension . water is a liquid that 's capable of having a significant amount of surface tension , and you know it 's surface tension because if you were to come in here and exert a little force down , breaking the surface tens... | adhesion forces have no role in surface tension ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | so , it 's not floating . it 's actually just sitting on the surface , because there 's surface tension . water is a liquid that 's capable of having a significant amount of surface tension , and you know it 's surface tension because if you were to come in here and exert a little force down , breaking the surface tens... | what is the direction of surface tension ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | so , it 's not floating . it 's actually just sitting on the surface , because there 's surface tension . water is a liquid that 's capable of having a significant amount of surface tension , and you know it 's surface tension because if you were to come in here and exert a little force down , breaking the surface tens... | is capillary action just surface tension but on the sides of the liquid ? |
if you took a glass of water and a needle , and you took that needle and you very carefully , very carefully dropped it on the water , it would stay there , and it 's not because it 's floating . this needle would not be floating on the water . this needle is more dense than water , and we know that if it 's more dens... | so , it 's not floating . it 's actually just sitting on the surface , because there 's surface tension . water is a liquid that 's capable of having a significant amount of surface tension , and you know it 's surface tension because if you were to come in here and exert a little force down , breaking the surface tens... | they how could this `` surface tension '' be parallel to the surface when its origin is due to downward forces ? |
: with non-cyanotic heart dieseae , you have some type of a congenital defect . congenital just means that the individual is born with it , but what happens as a result is that blood moves from the left side of the heart to the right side of the heart . in this example , you see that we have a little hole here in the ... | all right , so , this is my heart . this is called a chest x-ray . all right . | why are x-rays harmful and how much damage does one chest x-ray produce ? |
alright i 'll tackle . in the last video we did the first part of part a , now , so the second part of part a . so , the second part of part a , they say , `` calculate the number of moles of ethene that would be produced if the dehydration reaction went to completion '' . well , this is the dehydration reaction right... | so yield yield is going to be equal to how much we actually got , which we figured out in part one , so 0.00264 moles over what we actually got , i 'm sorry , what we actually got over what we 'd have ideally gotten if the reaction went to completion , so divided by 0.00434 moles , and this is going to be equal to this... | may you tell me where did the rest of yield go ? |
alright i 'll tackle . in the last video we did the first part of part a , now , so the second part of part a . so , the second part of part a , they say , `` calculate the number of moles of ethene that would be produced if the dehydration reaction went to completion '' . well , this is the dehydration reaction right... | so , one mole of ethanol is , as a mass of how many grams , well , they tell us that earlier on the problem , they say , `` ethanol , molar mass 46.1 grams per mol '' , so , ethanol , molar mass of 46.1 grams per mol , or another way to thinking about it , one mole would have mass of 46.1 grams of 46.1 grams , and so i... | what is the average time it takes to complete dehydration ? |
welcome back . we 're ready to do part d , and let me copy and paste that in as well . see , i do n't think that 's going to need this graph , so let me just remove that with a color other than yellow . it 's copy and pasted . i do n't know if you can read it , but it 's helpful for me to review the problem on our clip... | and so if we want to know how many tickets were sold at time equals 3 , that 's just equal to the definite integral from 0 to 3 , or we could also view it as the area under this curve , from time equals 0 to time equal to 3 of 550te to the minus t over 2dt . now this integral right here , you can solve it analytically ... | how to solve the last integral expression without using a calculator ? |
so let 's start thinking about partial derivatives of vector fields . so a vector field is a function . i 'll just do a two dimensional example here . it 's gon na be something that has a two dimensional input . and then the output has the same number of dimensions . that 's the important part . and each of these comp... | and i 'm gon na call that guy partial v. and the way you can be thinking about this is to say that v one , v one , that original guy , plus , that tiny nudge , the difference between them is equal to the two , you know , the nudged output . and in terms of tip to tail with vectors , you 've seen that . kind of the gree... | since v1+dv=v2 , should n't the tip of the second pink vector touch the tip of the differential blue vector ? |
imagine you had a monatomic ideal gas in this cylinder here , an there was this tightly fitted piston above it that prevented any gas from getting out . well we know that the total internal energy for a monatomic ideal gas is just three halves p times v or three halves nkt , or three halves little nrt , and we know th... | or you could have rewrote this as little n r delta t. the t 's would still have cancelled and you would have got three halves , little n , the number of moles , times r , the gas constant . so the heat capacity at constant volume for any monatomic ideal gas is just three halves nr , and if you wanted the molar heat cap... | what would be the interpretation of molar heat capacity being infinite at constant temperature ? |
imagine you had a monatomic ideal gas in this cylinder here , an there was this tightly fitted piston above it that prevented any gas from getting out . well we know that the total internal energy for a monatomic ideal gas is just three halves p times v or three halves nkt , or three halves little nrt , and we know th... | or you could have rewrote this as little n r delta t. the t 's would still have cancelled and you would have got three halves , little n , the number of moles , times r , the gas constant . so the heat capacity at constant volume for any monatomic ideal gas is just three halves nr , and if you wanted the molar heat cap... | how would you figure out the heat capacity of a liquid or solid or a realistic ( instead of ideal ) gas ? |
imagine you had a monatomic ideal gas in this cylinder here , an there was this tightly fitted piston above it that prevented any gas from getting out . well we know that the total internal energy for a monatomic ideal gas is just three halves p times v or three halves nkt , or three halves little nrt , and we know th... | that the heat capacity for any monatomic ideal gas is just going to be three halves , capital nk , boltzmann 's constant , n is the total number of molecules . or you could have rewrote this as little n r delta t. the t 's would still have cancelled and you would have got three halves , little n , the number of moles ,... | pardon me as this is basic maths , but i can just do 2.5 x n x r and 1.5 x n x r right ? |
imagine you had a monatomic ideal gas in this cylinder here , an there was this tightly fitted piston above it that prevented any gas from getting out . well we know that the total internal energy for a monatomic ideal gas is just three halves p times v or three halves nkt , or three halves little nrt , and we know th... | so there 's a relationship , an important relationship . it tells you the difference between the heat capacity at constant pressure and the heat capacity at constant volume . | so does it mean that at constant pressure more heat is required to increase the temperature than whats required at constant volume ? |
imagine you had a monatomic ideal gas in this cylinder here , an there was this tightly fitted piston above it that prevented any gas from getting out . well we know that the total internal energy for a monatomic ideal gas is just three halves p times v or three halves nkt , or three halves little nrt , and we know th... | or you could have rewrote this as little n r delta t. the t 's would still have cancelled and you would have got three halves , little n , the number of moles , times r , the gas constant . so the heat capacity at constant volume for any monatomic ideal gas is just three halves nr , and if you wanted the molar heat cap... | does a monatomic gas have lower or higher heat capacity than a diatomic , or polyatomic ? |
imagine you had a monatomic ideal gas in this cylinder here , an there was this tightly fitted piston above it that prevented any gas from getting out . well we know that the total internal energy for a monatomic ideal gas is just three halves p times v or three halves nkt , or three halves little nrt , and we know th... | so a certain amount of heat gets added to your gas . how much does the temperature increase ? that 's what the heat capacity tells you . | stumpped the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 x 10-27 kilograms , and venus ' exosphere has a temperature of about 350 k. what is the thermal speed in venus ' exosphere ? |
imagine you had a monatomic ideal gas in this cylinder here , an there was this tightly fitted piston above it that prevented any gas from getting out . well we know that the total internal energy for a monatomic ideal gas is just three halves p times v or three halves nkt , or three halves little nrt , and we know th... | so what do we get ? three halves nr delta t plus i want to rewrite p times delta v , but i know how to do that . the ideal gas law says pv equals nrt , well if that 's true , then p times delta v is going to equal nr delta t. so can rewrite this as nr delta t divided by delta t , almost there , all of the delta t 's go... | the volume doenst change so how can you express the cv with p delta v over delta t ? |
imagine you had a monatomic ideal gas in this cylinder here , an there was this tightly fitted piston above it that prevented any gas from getting out . well we know that the total internal energy for a monatomic ideal gas is just three halves p times v or three halves nkt , or three halves little nrt , and we know th... | so there 's a relationship , an important relationship . it tells you the difference between the heat capacity at constant pressure and the heat capacity at constant volume . | i think this would detract from the total internal energy ... does this imply that heat energy is allowed to exit in the constant pressure scenario but not in the constant volume scenario ? |
imagine you had a monatomic ideal gas in this cylinder here , an there was this tightly fitted piston above it that prevented any gas from getting out . well we know that the total internal energy for a monatomic ideal gas is just three halves p times v or three halves nkt , or three halves little nrt , and we know th... | work done by the gas , energy goes out , and you 'd have to subtract that over here . let 's say the gas did expand . let 's say the gas in here was under so much pressure that the force it exerted on this piston was enough to push that piston upward by a certain amount . | everything expand on heating but why polythene shrinks on heating ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | since we have a carbocation in this mechanism , we need to think about the possibility of rearrangements in the mechanism , and you need to think what would form , what substrate would form a stable carbocation , so something like a tertiary substrate forming a tertiary carbocation would be favorable for an e1 mechanis... | for the alkyl halide example ( starting ) , why would n't that undergo an sn1 reaction ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | and that means that water is stable , so the first step , the first step when you are doing an e1 mechanism with an alcohol is to protonate the oh group . so here 's our alcohol , and the carbon bonded to the oh is our alpha carbon , and then these carbons next to the alpha carbon would all be beta carbons . we just sa... | how come the ch3 not on the ring not concidered as beta ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | and that would form water as your leaving group , and water is a much better leaving group than the hydroxide anion , and again , we know that by pka values . water is the conjugate base to the hydronium ion , h3o+ , which is much better at donating a proton , the pka value is much , much lower . and that means that wa... | what happens to the sulphate ion ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | so let 's go ahead and take off this arrow here , because the first step is not loss of a leaving group , the first step is a proton transfer . we have a strong acid here , sulfuric acid , and the alcohol will act as a base and take a proton from sulfuric acid . and that would form water as your leaving group , and wat... | how is it an e1 reaction if the concentration of both cyclohexanol and sulfuric acid determine the rate of this step ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydrogen for this reaction . the first step of an e1 elimination mechanism is loss of our leaving group , so loss of leavi... | 0 the guy says that the water will take the the proton from hydrogen attached to the beta carbon ... why would the water behave in such a way ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | here we have a tertiary alkyl halides , and let 's say this tertiary alkyl halide undergoes an e1 elimination reaction . so the carbon that 's bonded to the iodine must be our alpha carbon , and then we would have three beta carbons , so that 's a beta carbon , that 's a beta carbon , and that 's a beta carbon . so the... | will this stable structure be able to pull of the beta-hydrogne as well or is it too stable ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | here we have a tertiary alkyl halides , and let 's say this tertiary alkyl halide undergoes an e1 elimination reaction . so the carbon that 's bonded to the iodine must be our alpha carbon , and then we would have three beta carbons , so that 's a beta carbon , that 's a beta carbon , and that 's a beta carbon . so the... | what is an alpha and beta carbon ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | so here 's our alcohol , and the carbon bonded to the oh is our alpha carbon , and then these carbons next to the alpha carbon would all be beta carbons . we just saw the first step is a proton transfer , a lone pair of electrons on the oxygen take a proton from sulfuric acid , so we transfer a proton , and let 's go a... | how can we predict that a neutral molecule such as ethanol or water molecule would act as a base as shown ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | i just put in a generic base , sometimes you might see water acting as a base , sometimes you might see hso4- , right , the conjugate base to sulfuric acid acting as the base , different textbooks give you different things , i do n't think it really matters , but one of those acting as a weak base , it 's probably wate... | what does the triangle mean on the reaction arrow ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | here we have a tertiary alkyl halides , and let 's say this tertiary alkyl halide undergoes an e1 elimination reaction . so the carbon that 's bonded to the iodine must be our alpha carbon , and then we would have three beta carbons , so that 's a beta carbon , that 's a beta carbon , and that 's a beta carbon . so the... | cant we view the mechanism to start with the base plucking a proton from beta carbon ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | iodide is an excellent leaving group , and you know that by looking at pka values . the iodide anion is the conjugate base of a very strong acid , hi , with a approximate pka value of negative 11 , so hi is very good at donating a proton , which must mean that the conjugate base is very stable , so the iodide anion is ... | does this mean there is a small amount of ethylene in a cocktail drink with lemon juice ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | so a couple of points about this reaction , one point is , when you 're looking at sn1 mechanisms , the first step is loss of a leaving group to form your carbocation , so when you get to this carbocation , you might think , well , why is ethanol acting as a base here ? why could n't it act as a nucleophile ? and the a... | i know ethanol could n't form really stable carbocations as it only has primary carbons , but could the protons from the citric acid carboxyl groups knock off the oh ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | so a couple of points about this reaction , one point is , when you 're looking at sn1 mechanisms , the first step is loss of a leaving group to form your carbocation , so when you get to this carbocation , you might think , well , why is ethanol acting as a base here ? why could n't it act as a nucleophile ? and the a... | could n't an sn1 reaction occur ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | in the second step , our base comes along and takes this proton , which leaves these electrons behind , and those electrons move in to form our alkene , so this is the second step of the mechanism , which is the base takes , or abstracts , a proton , so base takes a proton to form our alkene . and let me go ahead and h... | how is it that we determine that an alkene will form instead of 1-methyl 1-ethoxycyclohexane ? |
let 's look at the mechanism for an e1 elimination reaction , and we 'll start with our substrate , so on the left . let 's say we 're dealing with alkyl halide . so the carbon that 's bonded to our halogen would be the alpha carbon , and the carbon next to that carbon would be the beta carbon , so we need a beta hydr... | so a couple of points about this reaction , one point is , when you 're looking at sn1 mechanisms , the first step is loss of a leaving group to form your carbocation , so when you get to this carbocation , you might think , well , why is ethanol acting as a base here ? why could n't it act as a nucleophile ? and the a... | or is the solvent not a good nucleophile to cause a substitution reaction ? |
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