Paper:
SGD Learns the Conjugate Kernel Class of the Network
We show that the standard stochastic gradient decent (SGD) algorithm is guaranteed to learn, in polynomial time, a function that is competitive with the best function in the conjugate kernel space of the network, as defined in Daniely et al. [2016]. The result holds for logdepth networks from a rich family of architectures. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first polynomial-time guarantee for the standard neural network learning algorithm for networks of depth more that two.
As corollaries, it follows that for neural networks of any depth between 2 and log(n), SGD is guaranteed to learn, in polynomial time, constant degree polynomials with polynomially bounded coefficients. Likewise, it follows that SGD on large enough networks can learn any continuous function (not in polynomial time), complementing classical expressivity results.

Review:
This paper studies the problem of learning a class of functions related to neural networks using SGD. The class of functions can be defined using a kernel that is related to the neural network structure (which was defined in [Daniely et al. 2016]). The result shows that if SGD is applied to a neural network with similar structure, but with many duplicated nodes, then the result can be competitive to the best function in the class.
Pros:
- This is one of the first analysis for SGD on multi-layer, non-linear neural networks.
- Result applies to various architectures and activation functions.
Cons:
- The definition of the kernel is not very intuitive, and it would be good to discuss what is the relationship between functions representable using a neural network and functions representable using this kernel?
- The same result seems to be easier to prove if all previous layers have random weights and SGD is applied only to last layer. It's certainly good that SGD in this paper runs on all layers (which is similar to what's done in practice). However, for most practical architectures just training the last layer is not going to get a good performance (when the task is difficult enough). The paper does not help in explaining why training all layers is more powerful than training the last layer.
Overall this is still an interesting result.