Paper:
Neural attention (NA) has become a key component of sequence-to-sequence models that yield state-of-the-art performance in as hard tasks as abstractive document summarization (ADS), machine translation (MT), and video captioning (VC). NA mechanisms perform inference of context vectors; these constitute weighted sums of deterministic input sequence encodings, adaptively sourced over long temporal horizons. Inspired from recent work in the field of amortized variational inference (AVI), in this work we consider treating the context vectors generated by softattention (SA) models as latent variables, with approximate finite mixture model posteriors inferred via AVI. We posit that this formulation may yield stronger generalization capacity, in line with the outcomes of existing applications of AVI to deep networks. To illustrate our method, we implement it and experimentally evaluate it considering challenging ADS, VC, and MT benchmarks. This way, we exhibit its improved effectiveness over state-of-the-art alternatives.

Review:
This paper presents a new way to construct the context vector in seq2seq networks. Specifically, the context vector in the proposed model is treated as a latent variable with a normal prior. The posterior is "defined" as a mixture of the latent presentations of the input sequence and the mixing weight is the attention. To do inference, maximising VAE-like "ELBO" is used. The proposed model is reported to achieve better performance in the seq2seq tasks including document summarisation and video caption.
My comments are as follows:
1. Although the authors claim a full statistical treatment of the context vector, the proposed model is not a proper statistical setting to me. I do not mean the setting is wrong, but it is really weird to me. The paper treats the context vector as a latent variable, which is used to generate the target sentence (take document summarisation task for example). The proper setting is to use the target sentence to do inference of the posterior of the context vector. However, the paper directly defines the format the "posterior", which is a mixture of the hidden representation of the source sentences, ignoring the target sentence. Therefore, I do not think this is the true posterior of the context vector. Moreover, seriously speaking, the "ELBO" of the proposed model is not a real ELBO. It is a training object function looked like an ELBO. Therefore, the difference of the proposed context vector with the standard one is instead of using a fixed hidden representation, the proposed one uses a stochastic one drawn from a Gaussian, the covariance of which is from a neural network.
2. To me, it is less intuitive to analyse why the performance gain comes from, given the proposed context vector works so better than the previous ones. I am expecting the authors to give some intuitive explanations and empirical results on this.
3. Minor comments on clarity: The abstract says both the mean and the covariance are modelled with neural networks, but in the paper, it seems that only the covariance is from a neural network.