Paper:
Pre-trained models have demonstrated their effectiveness in many downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The availability of multilingual pretrained models enables zero-shot transfer of NLP tasks from high resource languages to low resource ones. However, recent research in improving pre-trained models focuses heavily on English. While it is possible to train the latest neural architectures for other languages from scratch, it is undesirable due to the required amount of compute. In this work, we tackle the problem of transferring an existing pre-trained model from English to other languages under a limited computational budget. With a single GPU, our approach can obtain a foreign BERT BASE model within a day and a foreign BERT LARGE within two days. Furthermore, evaluating our models on six languages, we demonstrate that our models are better than multilingual BERT on two zero-shot tasks: natural language inference and dependency parsing.

Review:
In this work, the authors propose a way to transfer a pre-trained English BERT model to a new language within a short amount of time. The key insight is to map English embeddings to the foreign language and have separate embeddings for both English and the foreign language. The resulting bilingual LM is evaluated for zero-shot transfer learning on two tasks: XNLI and dependency parsing.
Pros:
- The authors provide good details into their hyperparameter settings and about how the obtain the foreign language word embeddings.
- By leveraging existing pre-trained models, they’re able to do pre-training for their bilingual LM within 2 days.
Cons:
I find that a key comparison point in this paper is missing, which is Bilingual BERT trained on just the two languages that are being considered for their RAMEN system. This is not a fair comparison while mBERT which is trained on 100+ languages is not.
All comparisons are not fair since a simple baseline of just training mBERT on two languages with monolingual data and with a shared WPM is not evaluated here.
The proposed system has an unfair advantage over mBERT since it’s initialized from BERT/RoBERTA and fine-tuned only on two languages. Hence most of the parameters are used for just the two languages while mBERT uses the parameters for 104 languages.
Given this unfair comparison, I’m not sure if we can draw a meaningful conclusion from all the experiments. 
Rating justification:
Given the lack a fair comparison between the bilingual and multilingual BERT models, I don't think the conclusions are insightful.