Paper:
Estimators for Multivariate Information Measures in General Probability Spaces
Information theoretic quantities play an important role in various settings in machine learning, including causality testing, structure inference in graphical models, time-series problems, feature selection as well as in providing privacy guarantees. A key quantity of interest is the mutual information and generalizations thereof, including conditional mutual information, multivariate mutual information, total correlation and directed information. While the aforementioned information quantities are well defined in arbitrary probability spaces, existing estimators add or subtract entropies (we term them ΣH methods). These methods work only in purely discrete space or purely continuous case since entropy (or differential entropy) is well defined only in that regime. In this paper, we define a general graph divergence measure (GDM),as a measure of incompatibility between the observed distribution and a given graphical model structure. This generalizes the aforementioned information measures and we construct a novel estimator via a coupling trick that directly estimates these multivariate information measures using the Radon-Nikodym derivative. These estimators are proven to be consistent in a general setting which includes several cases where the existing estimators fail, thus providing the only known estimators for the following settings: (1) the data has some discrete and some continuous valued components (2) some (or all) of the components themselves are discrete-continuous mixtures (3) the data is real-valued but does not have a joint density on the entire space, rather is supported on a low-dimensional manifold. We show that our proposed estimators significantly outperform known estimators on synthetic and real datasets.

Review:
This paper develops multivariate information measures in fairly general probability spaces based on Bayesian Networks. The references include a variety of references on multivariate and conditional information theory, although some related work has appeared at NIPS in recent years, such as [47] and other work by the authors of [47]. The reference list and prior art sections appear to be adequate, though explicit pointers to a set of papers prototypical of the \Sigma H paradigm would be useful. The extension to multivariate information measures is an original advance in the context of prior literature, and highlights some defects in prior literature (lines 180-183).   The paper is well written overall. I feel like the technical content and style of this paper is more suited to a statistics or information theory venue, like IEEE Transactions on information theory, in line with many of the references presented, but is still within the purview of NIPS.   Figure 3 is useful in the context of describing the proposed estimator.   The presentation of numerical results in Figure 2 should include some confidence intervals for the estimates for better comparison of methods. The selection of experiments seems sufficient in Section 5, though calling your estimator GDM or something rather than "mixture" may make it a bit clearer.   Update: Re-scored in light of author's responses and reviews.