Repository: react-native
Issue: TextInput desynchronizes with its native counterpart
Labels: Issue: Author Provided Repro,Component: TextInput,Needs: Triage :mag:,Newer Patch Available

### Description

React `TextInput` component can go "out of sync" with the native text input widget. The desynchronization can be triggered by quick user interactions. The problem becomes severe when the efficiency of the application code is not perfect; in this case, the user's interactions don't have to be quick to trigger the desynchronization.

The React `TextInput` component eventually re-synchronizes with its native counterpart, but the user experience and application behavior are affected.

See "Steps to reproduce" for the example and details.

### React Native Version

0.71.7

### Output of `npx react-native info`

System:
    OS: macOS 13.3
    CPU: (12) arm64 Apple M2 Max
    Memory: 13.88 GB / 64.00 GB
    Shell: 5.9 - /bin/zsh
  Binaries:
    Node: 16.15.1 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v16.15.1/bin/node
    Yarn: 1.22.19 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v16.15.1/bin/yarn
    npm: 8.11.0 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v16.15.1/bin/npm
    Watchman: Not Found
  Managers:
    CocoaPods: 1.12.0 - /opt/homebrew/bin/pod
  SDKs:
    iOS SDK:
      Platforms: DriverKit 22.2, iOS 16.2, macOS 13.1, tvOS 16.1, watchOS 9.1
    Android SDK: Not Found
  IDEs:
    Android Studio: 2022.2 AI-222.4459.24.2221.9787799
    Xcode: 14.2/14C18 - /usr/bin/xcodebuild
  Languages:
    Java: 18.0.2 - /usr/bin/javac
  npmPackages:
    @react-native-community/cli: Not Found
    react: 18.2.0 => 18.2.0
    react-native: 0.71.7 => 0.71.7
    react-native-macos: Not Found
  npmGlobalPackages:
    *react-native*: Not Found

### Steps to reproduce

Let's consider the example app, which consists of a `TextInput` component and a "Clear input" button, which clears the text input. A real-life case would be a chat app with a "Send" button.

This is [a Git repository with the MCVE](https://github.com/cubuspl42/react-native-TextInput-sync-issue-mcve-1).

1. Type something into the text input, for example, "abcd"
2. Press "Clear input", but _immediately_ after that type some letter, let's say "e" (it's easier on an emulator, but possible on a physical device too, especially if it has an older CPU)
3. Observe the text input content
    - Expected content: "e"
    - Actual content (if the problem is reproduced): "abcde"
    
Screen recording:

https://github.com/facebook/react-native/assets/2590174/79249e94-b45a-43c7-a50d-8c17fdbe2e95

If the performance of the application JavaScript code is not-so-good, at step 2. you don't have to type the next letter _immediately_. If the task in which the `TextInput` is cleared takes 200 ms, the window to trigger the unexpected behavior will have 200 ms.

You can experiment with the performance implications in the provided MCVE by enabling the "Slow down" switch. It will artificially slow down the render by adding an extra computation.

Screen recording with non-ideal performance:

https://github.com/facebook/react-native/assets/2590174/2bac65c7-623a-4666-a05e-b7d0f289a4e5

### Snack, code example, screenshot, or link to a repository

https://github.com/cubuspl42/react-native-TextInput-sync-issue-mcve-1