Repository: flutter
Issue: Padding inside FilledButton have a different behavior on web when on Mobile Browser vs Desktop Browser
Labels: framework,f: material design,d: api docs,platform-web,has reproducible steps,P2,c: parity,team-design,triaged-design,found in release: 3.24,found in release: 3.27

### Steps to reproduce

1. Run the following code with flutter run -d chrome
```dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(
    MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
        body: Center(
          child: SizedBox(
            height: 40,
            child: FilledButton(
              style: FilledButton.styleFrom(
                padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
              ),
              onPressed: () {},
              child: const Text("test"),
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    ),
  );
}
```
2. open a chrome window on the resulting url
3. open a browser window on the resulting url with a iPhone simulator or an Android Emulator

### Expected results

The two test button looks the same

### Actual results

The two button looks really different. 
The button text is visible on a chrome browser on macOS.
The button text is not visible on a chrome browser on iPhone/Android.

The mobile version is probably the correct one, with the text being cropped by the height constraint + big padding, but the debug was difficult be cause on desktop it looked good.
<img width="1723" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c2b20152-7956-4b56-9878-7e9a9651cf94">



### Code sample

<details open><summary>Code sample</summary>

```dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(
    MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
        body: Center(
          child: SizedBox(
            height: 40,
            child: FilledButton(
              style: FilledButton.styleFrom(
                padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
              ),
              onPressed: () {},
              child: const Text("test"),
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    ),
  );
}
```

</details>


### Screenshots or Video

<details open>
<summary>Screenshots / Video demonstration</summary>

<img width="1723" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c2b20152-7956-4b56-9878-7e9a9651cf94">

</details>


### Logs

<details open><summary>Logs</summary>

No interesting logs in the console

```console
Performing hot restart...
Waiting for connection from debug service on Chrome...
Restarted application in 45ms.
```

</details>


### Flutter Doctor output

<details open><summary>Doctor output</summary>

```console
[!] Flutter (Channel [user-branch], 3.22.0, on macOS 14.6.1 23G93 darwin-arm64,
    locale en-IT)
    ! Flutter version 3.22.0 on channel [user-branch] at
      /opt/homebrew/Caskroom/flutter/3.19.4/flutter
      Currently on an unknown channel. Run `flutter channel` to switch to an
      official channel.
      If that doesn't fix the issue, reinstall Flutter by following instructions
      at https://flutter.dev/docs/get-started/install.
    ! Upstream repository unknown source is not a standard remote.
      Set environment variable "FLUTTER_GIT_URL" to unknown source to dismiss
      this error.
    • Framework revision 5dcb86f68f (5 months ago), 2024-05-09 07:39:20 -0500
    • Engine revision f6344b75dc
    • Dart version 3.4.0
    • DevTools version 2.34.3
    • Pub download mirror
      https://pvotaltech.jfrog.io/artifactory/api/pub/pvotal-pub/
    • If those were intentional, you can disregard the above warnings; however
      it is recommended to use "git" directly to perform update checks and
      upgrades.

[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 33.0.0)
    • Android SDK at /Users/clucera/Library/Android/sdk
    • Platform android-34, build-tools 33.0.0
    • Java binary at: /Applications/Android
      Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home/bin/java
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build
      17.0.7+0-17.0.7b1000.6-10550314)
    • All Android licenses accepted.

[!] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 16.0)
    • Xcode at /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
    • Build 16A242d
    ! iOS 18.0 Simulator not installed; this may be necessary for iOS and macOS
      development.
      To download and install the platform, open Xcode, select Xcode > Settings
      > Platforms,
      and click the GET button for the required platform.

      For more information, please visit:
        https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/installing-additional-si
        mulator-runtimes
    • CocoaPods version 1.15.2

[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
    • Chrome at /Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome

[✓] Android Studio (version 2023.1)
    • Android Studio at /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build
      17.0.7+0-17.0.7b1000.6-10550314)

[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2023.1.6)
    • IntelliJ at /Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app
    • Flutter plugin version 78.2.1
    • Dart plugin version 231.9414.10

[✓] VS Code (version 1.88.1)
    • VS Code at /Applications/Visual Studio Code.app/Contents
    • Flutter extension version 3.90.0

[✓] Connected device (4 available)
    • iPhone 15 Pro Max (mobile)      • 7419A062-CAA2-4A3E-B7C1-4273A165C394 • ios            • com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-17-5 (simulator)
    • macOS (desktop)                 • macos                                • darwin-arm64   • macOS 14.6.1 23G93 darwin-arm64
    • Mac Designed for iPad (desktop) • mac-designed-for-ipad                • darwin         • macOS 14.6.1 23G93 darwin-arm64
    • Chrome (web)                    • chrome                               • web-javascript • Google Chrome 129.0.6668.60

[✓] Network resources
    • All expected network resources are available.
```

</details>