Repository: flutter
Issue: Widget recursion does not provide sufficient error information after crashing.
Labels: framework,a: error message,has reproducible steps,P2,team-framework,triaged-framework,found in release: 3.24,found in release: 3.26

### Steps to reproduce

This issue is platform agnostic.

1. Create a `MaterialApp` (other types would most likely work as this seems to be a stack overflow error which simply doesn't get caught by any analysis)
2. Create a Widget which contains `Scaffold` with a body of type `List<Widget>` and open any arbitrary value within the list.
3. Make sure that `List<Widget>` contains the class that it is inside.

### Expected results

Flutter should throw a clearer error which states that a stack overflow is occuring, or perhaps throw a recursion error.

### Actual results

Flutter throws the unclear `Failed assertion error`. DartPad seems to properly throw and report a stack overflow to the user, however.

### Code sample

<details open><summary>Code sample</summary>

```dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const App());
}

class App extends StatelessWidget {
  const App({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
      home: Home(),
    );
  }
}

class Home extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  State<Home> createState() => _HomeState();
}

class _HomeState extends State<Home> {
  int navigationIndex = 0;

  List<Widget> navigationPages = [Home()];

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext build) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: navigationPages[navigationIndex],
    );
  }
}

```

</details>


### Screenshots or Video

_No response_

### Logs

<details open><summary>Logs</summary>

[stacktrace.log](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/16967378/stacktrace.log)

</details>


### Flutter Doctor output

<details open><summary>Doctor output</summary>

```console
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.24.2, on macOS 15.1 24B5035e darwin-arm64, locale en-US)
    • Flutter version 3.24.2 on channel stable at /Users/ryan/.development/flutter
    • Upstream repository https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git
    • Framework revision 4cf269e36d (8 days ago), 2024-09-03 14:30:00 -0700
    • Engine revision a6bd3f1de1
    • Dart version 3.5.2
    • DevTools version 2.37.2

[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 35.0.0)
    • Android SDK at /Users/ryan/Library/Android/sdk
    • Platform android-35, build-tools 35.0.0
    • Java binary at: /Users/ryan/Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home/bin/java
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.11+0-17.0.11b1207.24-11852314)
    • All Android licenses accepted.

[!] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 16.1)
    • Xcode at /Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer
    • Build 16B5001e
    ✗ CocoaPods not installed.
        CocoaPods is a package manager for iOS or macOS platform code.
        Without CocoaPods, plugins will not work on iOS or macOS.
        For more info, see https://flutter.dev/to/platform-plugins
      For installation instructions, see https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/getting-started.html#installation

[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
    • Chrome at /Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome

[✓] Android Studio (version 2024.1)
    • Android Studio at /Users/ryan/Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.11+0-17.0.11b1207.24-11852314)

[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2024.2.1)
    • IntelliJ at /Users/ryan/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate.app
    • Flutter plugin version 81.1.3
    • Dart plugin version 242.21829.3

[✓] Connected device (4 available)
    • sdk gphone64 arm64 (mobile)     • emulator-5554         • android-arm64  • Android 15 (API 35) (emulator)
    • macOS (desktop)                 • macos                 • darwin-arm64   • macOS 15.1 24B5035e darwin-arm64
    • Mac Designed for iPad (desktop) • mac-designed-for-ipad • darwin         • macOS 15.1 24B5035e darwin-arm64
    • Chrome (web)                    • chrome                • web-javascript • Google Chrome 128.0.6613.137

[✓] Network resources
    • All expected network resources are available.

! Doctor found issues in 1 category.
```

</details>