Repository: kubernetes
Issue: CRD API can accept invalid spec that later the naming controller fails to reconcile
Labels: kind/bug,sig/api-machinery,help wanted,triage/accepted

### What happened?

A CRD that set a short name to be the same as `singular` or `plural` cannot be reconciled successfully more than once by the `naming` controller.

The code here https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/d84ee0ba6912a842ed05252cc28d032c09304e08/staging/src/k8s.io/apiextensions-apiserver/pkg/controller/status/naming_controller.go#L160  
will return error on the second reconciliation as the short name is already available in the `status.acceptedNames` from the previous reconciliation. Then the CRD status will have a condition 

```yaml
  - lastTransitionTime: "2023-10-31T12:52:47Z"
    message: '"<short-name>" is already in use'
    reason: ShortNamesConflict
    status: "False"
    type: NamesAccepted
``` 

### What did you expect to happen?

To either have API validation that disallows the singular or plural name to be also set in `spec.names.shortNames` or the naming controller to be fixed to not fail to reconcile such resources.   

### How can we reproduce it (as minimally and precisely as possible)?

1. Create a CRD that has no set any short names
```bash
cat <<EOF | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: bugs.crds-k8s.io
spec:
  conversion:
    strategy: None
  group: crds-k8s.io
  names:
    kind: Bug
    listKind: BugList
    plural: bugs
    singular: bug
  scope: Namespaced
  versions:
  - name: v1alpha1
    schema:
      openAPIV3Schema:
        type: object
        x-kubernetes-preserve-unknown-fields: true
    served: true
    storage: true
    subresources:
      status: {}
EOF
```
2. Ensure the CRD conditions are healthy
```bash
kubectl get crds bugs.crds-k8s.io -o jsonpath='{.status.conditions[?(@.type=="NamesAccepted")]}' | jq
{
  "lastTransitionTime": "2023-10-31T13:12:52Z",
  "message": "no conflicts found",
  "reason": "NoConflicts",
  "status": "True",
  "type": "NamesAccepted"
}
```
3. Update the CRD spec by adding the singular name also as shortName
```bash
cat <<EOF | kubectl replace -f -
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: bugs.crds-k8s.io
spec:
  conversion:
    strategy: None
  group: crds-k8s.io
  names:
    kind: Bug
    listKind: BugList
    plural: bugs
    singular: bug
    shortNames:
    - bug
  scope: Namespaced
  versions:
  - name: v1alpha1
    schema:
      openAPIV3Schema:
        type: object
        x-kubernetes-preserve-unknown-fields: true
    served: true
    storage: true
    subresources:
      status: {}
EOF
```
4. Check that the CRD condition `NamesAccepted` is now failing
```bash
kubectl get crds bugs.crds-k8s.io -o jsonpath='{.status.conditions[?(@.type=="NamesAccepted")]}' | jq
{
  "lastTransitionTime": "2023-10-31T13:13:14Z",
  "message": "\"bug\" is already in use",
  "reason": "ShortNamesConflict",
  "status": "False",
  "type": "NamesAccepted"
}
```

### Anything else we need to know?

I guess this is for
/sig api-machinery

### Kubernetes version

Based on the code, the `master` branch seems to be affected

<details>

```console
$ kubectl version
1.27.2
```

</details>


### Cloud provider

<details>

</details>


### OS version

<details>

```console
# On Linux:
$ cat /etc/os-release
# paste output here
$ uname -a
# paste output here

# On Windows:
C:\> wmic os get Caption, Version, BuildNumber, OSArchitecture
# paste output here
```

</details>


### Install tools

<details>

</details>


### Container runtime (CRI) and version (if applicable)

<details>

</details>


### Related plugins (CNI, CSI, ...) and versions (if applicable)

<details>

</details>