Repository: flutter
Issue: SingleChildScrollView ignores MediaQuery padding
Labels: framework,f: scrolling,has reproducible steps,P2,team-framework,triaged-framework,found in release: 3.13,found in release: 3.15

### Is there an existing issue for this?

- [X] I have searched the [existing issues](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues)
- [X] I have read the [guide to filing a bug](https://flutter.dev/docs/resources/bug-reports)

### Steps to reproduce

Create a new project with the following `main.dart`:

```dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @override
  State<MyApp> createState() => _MyAppState();
}

class _MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
  bool useListView = false;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      theme: ThemeData.dark(),
      home: Scaffold(
        floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
          onPressed: () => setState(() => useListView = !useListView),
          child: Text(useListView ? "LV" : "SCSV"),
        ),
        extendBodyBehindAppBar: true,
        appBar: AppBar(
          backgroundColor: Colors.yellow,
          shape: const RoundedRectangleBorder(
            borderRadius: BorderRadius.vertical(
              bottom: Radius.elliptical(
                200,
                100,
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ),
        body: useListView
            ? ListView.builder(
                itemBuilder: (_, i) => Container(
                  height: 100,
                  width: 100,
                  color: i % 2 == 0 ? Colors.red : Colors.blue,
                ),
              )
            : SingleChildScrollView(
                child: Column(
                  children: [
                    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
                      Container(
                        height: 100,
                        width: 100,
                        color: i % 2 == 0 ? Colors.red : Colors.blue,
                      )
                  ],
                ),
              ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
```
This results in the following example:

- A rounded app bar
- inside a scaffold with `extendBodyBehindAppBar`
- which [adds some top padding to the MediaQuery](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/12fccda598477eddd19f93040a1dba24f915b9be/packages/flutter/lib/src/material/scaffold.dart#L936)
- A button to switch between `SingleChildScrollview` and `ListView.builder`

https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/24209580/885399d5-d433-4b53-b8dc-b03597452888



### Expected results

The content of both `ListView.builder` and `SingleChildScrollView` is pushed down by the media query padding introduced by the scaffold.

### Actual results

The `ListView` [respects that padding](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/12fccda598477eddd19f93040a1dba24f915b9be/packages/flutter/lib/src/widgets/scroll_view.dart#L807),

while the `SingleChildScrollView` does not.

Note however that the scrollbar introduced by `SingleChildScrollView` does respect the padding (see the video).

### Code sample

See above

### Screenshots or Video

See above

### Logs

_No response_

### Flutter Doctor output

<details><summary>Doctor output</summary>

```console
[✓] Flutter (Channel beta, 3.15.0-15.1.pre, on macOS 13.4 22F66 darwin-arm64, locale en-DE)
    • Flutter version 3.15.0-15.1.pre on channel beta at /Users/omni/development/flutter
    • Upstream repository https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git
    • Framework revision b2ec15bfa3 (7 days ago), 2023-09-14 15:31:44 -0500
    • Engine revision 5c86194494
    • Dart version 3.2.0 (build 3.2.0-134.1.beta)
    • DevTools version 2.27.0

[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 33.0.0)
    • Android SDK at /Users/omni/Library/Android/sdk
    • Platform android-33, build-tools 33.0.0
    • Java binary at: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home/bin/java
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+0-17.0.6b802.4-9586694)
    • All Android licenses accepted.

[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 14.3.1)
    • Xcode at /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
    • Build 14E300c
    • CocoaPods version 1.12.1

[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
    • Chrome at /Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome

[✓] Android Studio (version 2022.2)
    • Android Studio at /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+0-17.0.6b802.4-9586694)

[✓] VS Code (version 1.82.0)
    • VS Code at /Applications/Visual Studio Code.app/Contents
    • Flutter extension version 3.72.0

[✓] VS Code (version 1.67.0)
    • VS Code at /Users/omni/Applications/Visual Studio Code.app/Contents
    • Flutter extension version 3.72.0

[✓] Connected device (2 available)
    • macOS (desktop) • macos  • darwin-arm64   • macOS 13.4 22F66 darwin-arm64
    • Chrome (web)    • chrome • web-javascript • Google Chrome 116.0.5845.187

[✓] Network resources
    • All expected network resources are available.

• No issues found!
```

</details>