Repository: flutter
Issue: Specifying Image.network cache* properties breaks alignment property
Labels: framework,a: images,has reproducible steps,P3,team-framework,triaged-framework,found in release: 3.16,found in release: 3.19

### Steps to reproduce

1. Run code sample below
2. Observe alignment property is working properly when the cache* properties are commented out
3. Uncomment the cache* properties and reload, you'll see alignment is no longer working

### Expected results

The image should be aligned according to the `alignment` property.

### Actual results

Flutter appears to try and fill the image.

### Code sample

<details open><summary>Code sample</summary>

```dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MainApp());
}

const String _kImgUrl =
    'https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1566895291281-ea63efd4bdbc';

class MainApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MainApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
        backgroundColor: Colors.black87,
        body: Center(
          child: Image.network(
            _kImgUrl,
            // cacheHeight: 1200, // uncomment to break alignment
            // cacheWidth: 1200, // uncomment to break alignment
            width: 300,
            height: 300,
            alignment: Alignment.bottomCenter,
            fit: BoxFit.cover,
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
```

</details>


### Screenshots or Video

<details open>
<summary>Screenshots / Video demonstration</summary>

cache* properties unspecified:
![image](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/25782944/425a5a54-a47c-48e5-ab5e-1a3b9b2751cc)

cache* properties specified:
![image](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/25782944/13af7eb9-f9d9-433d-a109-abdf839a1fdf)

</details>


### Logs

_No response_

### Flutter Doctor output

<details open><summary>Doctor output</summary>

```console
[√] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.16.9, on Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22631.3085], locale en-US)
    • Flutter version 3.16.9 on channel stable at C:\Users\bscho\.puro\envs\stable\flutter
    • Upstream repository https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git
    • Framework revision 41456452f2 (4 days ago), 2024-01-25 10:06:23 -0800
    • Engine revision f40e976bed
    • Dart version 3.2.6
    • DevTools version 2.28.5

[√] Windows Version (Installed version of Windows is version 10 or higher)

[√] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 34.0.0)
    • Android SDK at C:\Users\bscho\AppData\Local\Android\sdk
    • Platform android-34, build-tools 34.0.0
    • Java binary at: C:\Program Files\Android\Android Studio\jbr\bin\java
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+0-b2043.56-10027231)
    • All Android licenses accepted.

[√] Chrome - develop for the web
    • CHROME_EXECUTABLE = C:\Program Files\BraveSoftware\Brave-Browser\Application\brave.exe

[√] Visual Studio - develop Windows apps (Visual Studio Community 2022 17.8.3)
    • Visual Studio at C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community
    • Visual Studio Community 2022 version 17.8.34330.188
    • Windows 10 SDK version 10.0.22621.0

[√] Android Studio (version 2022.3)
    • Android Studio at C:\Program Files\Android\Android Studio
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
       https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
       https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart
    • android-studio-dir = C:\Program Files\Android\Android Studio
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+0-b2043.56-10027231)

[√] VS Code (version 1.85.2)
    • VS Code at C:\Users\bscho\AppData\Local\Programs\Microsoft VS Code
    • Flutter extension version 3.80.0

[√] Connected device (3 available)
    • Windows (desktop) • windows • windows-x64    • Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22631.3085]
    • Chrome (web)      • chrome  • web-javascript • unknown
    • Edge (web)        • edge    • web-javascript • Microsoft Edge 121.0.2277.83

[√] Network resources
    • All expected network resources are available.

• No issues found!
```

</details>