Repository: flutter
Issue: Overscroll effect isn't rendered properly when scrolling with backdrop filter blur on 3.16 
Labels: c: regression,platform-android,framework,f: scrolling,has reproducible steps,P2,team-framework,triaged-framework,found in release: 3.16,found in release: 3.17

### Is there an existing issue for this?

- [X] I have searched the [existing issues](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues)
- [X] I have read the [guide to filing a bug](https://flutter.dev/docs/resources/bug-reports)

### Steps to reproduce

1. create a scrollable widget
2. add a BackdropFilter with blur inside that scrollable widget

I believe the cause of this problem is in [this PR](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/commit/a0862f1c3f9885136ff986aa75de1aa9bf8e61e0)

### Expected results

Blur stays the same when stretched

### Actual results

Blur halfway disappears when stretched

### Code sample

<details><summary>Code sample</summary>

```dart
import 'dart:ui';

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      theme: ThemeData(useMaterial3: true),
      home: const MyHomePage(title: 'Scrolling 3.16.0'),
    );
  }
}

class MyHomePage extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyHomePage({
    super.key,
    required this.title,
  });

  final String title;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      extendBody: true,
      extendBodyBehindAppBar: true,
      body: Stack(
        children: [
          ListView.separated(
            itemCount: 1000,
            itemBuilder: (_, i) {
              if (i == 0) {
                return Stack(
                  children: [
                    Container(
                      width: MediaQuery.sizeOf(context).width,
                      height: 80,
                      margin: const EdgeInsets.only(top: 10),
                      color: Colors.black,
                    ),
                    SizedBox(
                      width: MediaQuery.sizeOf(context).width,
                      height: 100,
                      child: ClipRRect(
                        child: BackdropFilter(
                          filter: ImageFilter.blur(sigmaY: 12, sigmaX: 12),
                          child: AppBar(
                            backgroundColor: Colors.white.withOpacity(0.3),
                            title: Text(title),
                          ),
                        ),
                      ),
                    ),
                  ],
                );
              }
              return Container(
                clipBehavior: Clip.antiAlias,
                margin: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 16),
                decoration: BoxDecoration(
                  color: Colors.amberAccent,
                  borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(16),
                ),
                child: Column(
                  mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
                  children: [
                    SizedBox(
                      height: 200,
                      width: MediaQuery.sizeOf(context).width,
                    ),
                    const SizedBox(height: 4),
                    Text('Some text for $i'),
                    const SizedBox(height: 4),
                  ],
                ),
              );
            },
            separatorBuilder: (_, __) => const SizedBox(height: 8),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

```

</details>


### Screenshots or Video

<details>
<summary>Screenshots / Video demonstration</summary>

| Before 3.16 | After 3.16 |
| -- | -- |
| <video src="https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/4815246/99c3f104-0589-4e1f-bdde-783b9b87db8a" /> | <video src="https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/4815246/c0a30f77-2516-476b-895d-2cea4aa44b4c" /> |


</details>


### Logs

<details><summary>Logs</summary>

```console
[Paste your logs here]
```

</details>


### Flutter Doctor output

<details><summary>Doctor output</summary>

```console
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.16.0, on macOS 14.1 23B74 darwin-arm64, locale en-DE)
    • Flutter version 3.16.0 on channel stable at /flutter
    • Upstream repository git@github.com:flutter/flutter.git
    • Framework revision db7ef5bf9f (8 days ago), 2023-11-15 11:25:44 -0800
    • Engine revision 74d16627b9
    • Dart version 3.2.0
    • DevTools version 2.28.2

[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 30.0.3)
    • Android SDK at /Android/sdk
    • Platform android-33, build-tools 30.0.3
    • ANDROID_HOME = /Android/sdk
    • Java binary at: Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/temurin-17.0.7/Contents/Home/bin/java
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment Temurin-17.0.7+7 (build 17.0.7+7)
    • All Android licenses accepted.

[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 15.0.1)
    • Xcode at /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
    • Build 15A507
    • CocoaPods version 1.11.3

[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
    • Chrome at /Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome

[!] Android Studio (not installed)
    • Android Studio not found; download from https://developer.android.com/studio/index.html
      (or visit https://flutter.dev/docs/get-started/install/macos#android-setup for detailed instructions).

[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2023.2.5)
    • IntelliJ at /Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app
    • Flutter plugin version 76.3.4
    • Dart plugin version 232.10248

[✓] Connected device (2 available)
    • macOS (desktop) • macos  • darwin-arm64   • macOS 14.1 23B74 darwin-arm64
    • Chrome (web)    • chrome • web-javascript • Google Chrome 119.0.6045.159

[✓] Network resources
    • All expected network resources are available.

! Doctor found issues in 1 category. 
```

</details>