Repository: node
Issue: if uncaughtExceptionMonitor handler throws asynchronously, the process enters infinite async recursion
Labels: process

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* **Version**: v15.14.0
* **Platform**: all
* **Subsystem**: process/execution

### What steps will reproduce the bug?

<!--
Enter details about your bug, preferably a simple code snippet that can be
run using `node` directly without installing third-party dependencies.
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1. Register an `uncaughtExceptionMonitor` handler on process, which itself throws asynchronously
2. Throw an error

### How often does it reproduce? Is there a required condition?

### What is the expected behavior?

**I'm not sure what should happen here, currently the entire uncaughtException chain is handled synchronously, I'm not certain what adding async to the mix would do. Please advise.**

### What do you see instead?

Process enters an infinite asynchronous recursion, whereby the monitor invokes the uncaughtRejection which invokes the uncaughtExceptionMonitor and vice versa.

### Additional information

- Related to #38280

#### Example file:

```js
process.addListener('uncaughtExceptionMonitor', async (e) => {
  console.error('Monitored Error!', e);
  throw new Error('Oopsie!');

});

process.addListener('uncaughtException', e => {
  console.error('Handled error!', e);
})
let i = 0;
setInterval(() => console.log(i++), 1000);
throw new Error('Thrown!');
```

Output:

```
...
...
...
Monitored Error! Error: Oopsie!
    at process.<anonymous> (/Users/madara/projects/playground/test.js:3:9)
    at process.emit (node:events:369:20)
    at process._fatalException (node:internal/process/execution:160:13)
    at processPromiseRejections (node:internal/process/promises:245:11)
    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:32)
Handled error! Error: Oopsie!
    at process.<anonymous> (/Users/madara/projects/playground/test.js:3:9)
    at process.emit (node:events:369:20)
    at process._fatalException (node:internal/process/execution:160:13)
    at processPromiseRejections (node:internal/process/promises:245:11)
    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:32)
Monitored Error! Error: Oopsie!
    at process.<anonymous> (/Users/madara/projects/playground/test.js:3:9)
    at process.emit (node:events:369:20)
    at process._fatalException (node:internal/process/execution:160:13)
    at processPromiseRejections (node:internal/process/promises:245:11)
    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:32)
Handled error! Error: Oopsie!
    at process.<anonymous> (/Users/madara/projects/playground/test.js:3:9)
    at process.emit (node:events:369:20)
    at process._fatalException (node:internal/process/execution:160:13)
    at processPromiseRejections (node:internal/process/promises:245:11)
    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:32)
^C
```
(only stops at interrupt)