Repository: pytorch
Issue: Inconsistent results of Conv2d in pytorch between CPU and CUDA
Labels: needs reproduction,module: cuda,module: convolution,triaged

### 🐛 Describe the bug

I run the same code in CUDA 11.8 and 12.1 and got different results:
```python
import torch
import numpy
from torch import nn

torch.manual_seed(0)

conv = nn.Conv2d(20, 48, 3, bias=False).to('cuda')
conv.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones_like(conv.weight))

x = torch.rand(20, 5, 5).to('cuda')
y = conv(x)
print(y[0, 0, 0])

z = conv.to('cpu')(x.to('cpu'))
print(z[0, 0, 0])
```

In CUDA 12.1:
```shell
tensor(97.2270, device='cuda:0', grad_fn=<SelectBackward0>)
tensor(97.2275, grad_fn=<SelectBackward0>)
```

In CUDA 11.8:
```shell
tensor(97.2275, device='cuda:0', grad_fn=<SelectBackward0>)
tensor(97.2275, grad_fn=<SelectBackward0>)
```

Since results are consistent between CPU and CUDA 11.8, I suppose there is a problem in CUDA 12.1.
However, pytorch versions are different in these two tests as well, so maybe it also is crucial for bug reproducing.

### Versions

CUDA 11.8 environment:
```shell
Collecting environment information...
PyTorch version: 2.0.1+cu118
Is debug build: False
CUDA used to build PyTorch: 11.8
ROCM used to build PyTorch: N/A

OS: Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS (x86_64)
GCC version: (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0
Clang version: Could not collect
CMake version: version 3.29.2
Libc version: glibc-2.35

Python version: 3.10.12 (main, Jul 29 2024, 16:56:48) [GCC 11.4.0] (64-bit runtime)
Python platform: Linux-6.5.0-45-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.35
Is CUDA available: True
CUDA runtime version: Could not collect
CUDA_MODULE_LOADING set to: LAZY
GPU models and configuration: GPU 0: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 SUPER
Nvidia driver version: 535.183.01
cuDNN version: Probably one of the following:
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn.so.8.9.7
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_adv_infer.so.8.9.7
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_adv_train.so.8.9.7
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_cnn_infer.so.8.9.7
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_cnn_train.so.8.9.7
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8.9.7
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_ops_train.so.8.9.7
HIP runtime version: N/A
MIOpen runtime version: N/A
Is XNNPACK available: True

CPU:
Architecture:                       x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                     32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                      46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order:                         Little Endian
CPU(s):                             16
On-line CPU(s) list:                0-15
Vendor ID:                          GenuineIntel
Model name:                         Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6900K CPU @ 3.20GHz
CPU family:                         6
Model:                              79
Thread(s) per core:                 2
Core(s) per socket:                 8
Socket(s):                          1
Stepping:                           1
CPU max MHz:                        4000.0000
CPU min MHz:                        1200.0000
BogoMIPS:                           6396.28
Flags:                              fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb cat_l3 cdp_l3 invpcid_single pti intel_ppin ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm cqm rdt_a rdseed adx smap intel_pt xsaveopt cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local dtherm ida arat pln pts md_clear flush_l1d
L1d cache:                          256 KiB (8 instances)
L1i cache:                          256 KiB (8 instances)
L2 cache:                           2 MiB (8 instances)
L3 cache:                           20 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                       1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                  0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:        KVM: Mitigation: VMX unsupported
Vulnerability L1tf:                 Mitigation; PTE Inversion
Vulnerability Mds:                  Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Vulnerability Meltdown:             Mitigation; PTI
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:      Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Vulnerability Retbleed:             Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:    Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:           Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:           Mitigation; Retpolines; IBPB conditional; IBRS_FW; STIBP conditional; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected; BHI Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:                Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:      Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable

Versions of relevant libraries:
[pip3] numpy==1.26.3
[pip3] torch==2.0.1+cu118
[pip3] torchvision==0.15.2+cu118
[pip3] triton==2.0.0
[conda] Could not collect
```

CUDA 12.1 environment:
```shell
Collecting environment information...
PyTorch version: 2.3.0+cu121
Is debug build: False
CUDA used to build PyTorch: 12.1
ROCM used to build PyTorch: N/A

OS: Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS (x86_64)
GCC version: (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0
Clang version: Could not collect
CMake version: version 3.29.2
Libc version: glibc-2.35

Python version: 3.10.12 (main, Jul 29 2024, 16:56:48) [GCC 11.4.0] (64-bit runtime)
Python platform: Linux-6.5.0-45-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.35
Is CUDA available: True
CUDA runtime version: Could not collect
CUDA_MODULE_LOADING set to: LAZY
GPU models and configuration: GPU 0: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 SUPER
Nvidia driver version: 535.183.01
cuDNN version: Probably one of the following:
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn.so.8.9.7
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_adv_infer.so.8.9.7
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_adv_train.so.8.9.7
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_cnn_infer.so.8.9.7
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_cnn_train.so.8.9.7
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8.9.7
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_ops_train.so.8.9.7
HIP runtime version: N/A
MIOpen runtime version: N/A
Is XNNPACK available: True

CPU:
Architecture:                       x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                     32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                      46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order:                         Little Endian
CPU(s):                             16
On-line CPU(s) list:                0-15
Vendor ID:                          GenuineIntel
Model name:                         Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6900K CPU @ 3.20GHz
CPU family:                         6
Model:                              79
Thread(s) per core:                 2
Core(s) per socket:                 8
Socket(s):                          1
Stepping:                           1
CPU max MHz:                        4000.0000
CPU min MHz:                        1200.0000
BogoMIPS:                           6396.28
Flags:                              fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb cat_l3 cdp_l3 invpcid_single pti intel_ppin ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm cqm rdt_a rdseed adx smap intel_pt xsaveopt cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local dtherm ida arat pln pts md_clear flush_l1d
L1d cache:                          256 KiB (8 instances)
L1i cache:                          256 KiB (8 instances)
L2 cache:                           2 MiB (8 instances)
L3 cache:                           20 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                       1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                  0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:        KVM: Mitigation: VMX unsupported
Vulnerability L1tf:                 Mitigation; PTE Inversion
Vulnerability Mds:                  Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Vulnerability Meltdown:             Mitigation; PTI
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:      Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Vulnerability Retbleed:             Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:    Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:           Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:           Mitigation; Retpolines; IBPB conditional; IBRS_FW; STIBP conditional; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected; BHI Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:                Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:      Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable

Versions of relevant libraries:
[pip3] numpy==1.26.4
[pip3] onnx==1.16.1
[pip3] onnx-graphsurgeon==0.3.27
[pip3] onnxruntime-training==1.18.0
[pip3] onnxscript==0.1.0.dev20240624
[pip3] onnxsim==0.4.36
[pip3] optree==0.11.0
[pip3] torch==2.3.0
[pip3] torchmetrics==0.8.0
[pip3] torchvision==0.18.0
[pip3] triton==2.3.0
[conda] Could not collect
```

cc @ezyang @gchanan @zou3519 @kadeng @msaroufim @ptrblck