Repository: flutter
Issue: 24-hour Locale (fi) prevents time picker validation if phone's system is set to 12-hour clock
Labels: framework,f: material design,f: date/time picker,a: internationalization,has reproducible steps,P2,has partial patch,team-design,triaged-design,found in release: 3.16,found in release: 3.19

### Steps to reproduce

1. Set android emulator to have 12-hours clock (Phone language was set to Finnish)
2. Run `flutter pub add flutter_localizations --sdk=flutter`
3. Run `flutter pub add intl:any`
4. Run code sample and press open dialog
5. 24-hours dialog is opened and user can enter 24-hours time for example. 20:00.
6. Press "OK" with 20:00 as value

### Expected results

Validation should succeed with 20:00 because input form allows 24-hours selection.

### Actual results

Validation fails. Validator and Input form are conflicted on is the data in 24 or 12-hours format.

Workaround:
Force 24 hours-clock with MediaQuery. This is not ideal because it forces all locales to use 24-hours time. So this should be applied if `MediaQuery.alwaysUse24HourFormatOf(context)` returns false

```
            showTimePicker(
              context: context,
              initialEntryMode: TimePickerEntryMode.inputOnly,
              initialTime: TimeOfDay.fromDateTime(DateTime(2024, 1, 16, 20)),
              builder: (context, Widget? child) {
                return MediaQuery(
                  data: MediaQuery.of(context).copyWith(alwaysUse24HourFormat: true),
                  child: child!,
                );
              },
            );
);
``` 

### Code sample

<details open><summary>Code sample</summary>

```dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_localizations/flutter_localizations.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      localizationsDelegates: const [
        GlobalMaterialLocalizations.delegate,
        GlobalWidgetsLocalizations.delegate,
        GlobalCupertinoLocalizations.delegate,
      ],
      theme: ThemeData(
        colorScheme: ColorScheme.fromSeed(seedColor: Colors.deepPurple),
        useMaterial3: true,
      ),
      supportedLocales: const [
        Locale("fi"),
        Locale("en"),
      ],
      locale: const Locale("fi"),
      home: const DialogScreen(),
    );
  }
}

class DialogScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const DialogScreen({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: Center(
        child: ElevatedButton(
          onPressed: () {
            showTimePicker(
              context: context,
              initialEntryMode: TimePickerEntryMode.inputOnly,
              initialTime: TimeOfDay.fromDateTime(DateTime(2024, 1, 16, 20)),
            );
          },
          child: Text("Open dialog"),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

```

</details>


### Screenshots or Video

<details open>
<summary>Screenshots / Video demonstration</summary>

[Upload media here]

</details>


### Logs

<details open><summary>Logs</summary>

```console
[Paste your logs here]
```

</details>


### Flutter Doctor output

<details open><summary>Doctor output</summary>

```console
PS C:\IdeaProjects\flutter_bug_timepicker> flutter doctor -v
[√] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.13.9, on Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22621.3007], locale fi-FI)
    • Flutter version 3.13.9 on channel stable at C:\flutter\flutter_windows_3.10.2-stable
    • Upstream repository https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git
    • Framework revision d211f42860 (3 months ago), 2023-10-25 13:42:25 -0700
    • Engine revision 0545f8705d
    • Dart version 3.1.5
    • DevTools version 2.25.0

[√] Windows Version (Installed version of Windows is version 10 or higher)

[√] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 33.0.2)
    • Android SDK at C:\Android\Sdk
    • Platform android-33, build-tools 33.0.2
    • Java binary at: C:\Users\<User>\AppData\Local\Programs\Android Studio\jbr\bin\java
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+0-b2043.56-10027231)
    • All Android licenses accepted.

[√] Chrome - develop for the web
    • Chrome at C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe

[√] Visual Studio - develop Windows apps (Visual Studio Community 2022 17.6.2)
    • Visual Studio at C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community
    • Visual Studio Community 2022 version 17.6.33723.286
    • Windows 10 SDK version 10.0.22000.0

[√] Android Studio (version 2022.3)
    • Android Studio at C:\Users\<User>\AppData\Local\Programs\Android Studio
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
       https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
       https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+0-b2043.56-10027231)

[√] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2023.3)
    • IntelliJ at C:\Users\<User>\AppData\Local\Programs\IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate
    • Flutter plugin version 77.0.1
    • Dart plugin version 233.13135.65

[√] VS Code (version 1.84.2)
    • VS Code at C:\Users\<User>\AppData\Local\Programs\Microsoft VS Code
    • Flutter extension can be installed from:
       https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Dart-Code.flutter

[√] Connected device (4 available)
    • sdk gphone64 x86 64 (mobile) • emulator-5554 • android-x64    • Android 13 (API 33) (emulator)
    • Windows (desktop)            • windows       • windows-x64    • Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22621.3007]
    • Chrome (web)                 • chrome        • web-javascript • Google Chrome 120.0.6099.217
    • Edge (web)                   • edge          • web-javascript • Microsoft Edge 120.0.2210.133

[√] Network resources
    • All expected network resources are available.

• No issues found!
```

</details>