Repository: pytorch
Issue: Do not use assert for user triggered issues
Labels: triaged,oncall: pt2,module: functorch,oncall: export,module: pt2-dispatcher

### 🐛 Describe the bug

In torch/_functorch/_aot_autograd/schemas.py, we have this code:

```
        for idx, input_info in enumerate(view_mutation_metadata.input_info):
            if input_info.mutates_data:
                # Only buffers can be mutated, not parameters
                assert idx >= len(parameters)
                mutations.append(names[idx + num_tokens])
```

Please don't write asserts like this that are enforcing invariants about a user's program. Minimally, this assert should have a message roughly what the comment above it says. Ideally, it raises a user oriented exception that indicates that something is being attempted that is not legal.

### Versions

Collecting environment information...
PyTorch version: 2.3.0+cpu
Is debug build: False
CUDA used to build PyTorch: None
ROCM used to build PyTorch: N/A

OS: Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS (x86_64)
GCC version: (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0
Clang version: 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
CMake version: version 3.28.3
Libc version: glibc-2.35

Python version: 3.11.0rc1 (main, Aug 12 2022, 10:02:14) [GCC 11.2.0] (64-bit runtime)
Python platform: Linux-6.5.0-25-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.35
Is CUDA available: False
CUDA runtime version: No CUDA
CUDA_MODULE_LOADING set to: N/A
GPU models and configuration: No CUDA
Nvidia driver version: No CUDA
cuDNN version: No CUDA
HIP runtime version: N/A
MIOpen runtime version: N/A
Is XNNPACK available: True

CPU:
Architecture:                       x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                     32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                      43 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order:                         Little Endian
CPU(s):                             64
On-line CPU(s) list:                0-63
Vendor ID:                          AuthenticAMD
Model name:                         AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X 32-Core Processor
CPU family:                         23
Model:                              49
Thread(s) per core:                 2
Core(s) per socket:                 32
Socket(s):                          1
Stepping:                           0
Frequency boost:                    enabled
CPU max MHz:                        3700.0000
CPU min MHz:                        2200.0000
BogoMIPS:                           7400.63
Flags:                              fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf rapl pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt tce topoext perfctr_core perfctr_nb bpext perfctr_llc mwaitx cpb cat_l3 cdp_l3 hw_pstate ssbd mba ibpb stibp vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 cqm rdt_a rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local clzero irperf xsaveerptr rdpru wbnoinvd amd_ppin arat npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold avic v_vmsave_vmload vgif v_spec_ctrl umip rdpid overflow_recov succor smca sev sev_es
Virtualization:                     AMD-V
L1d cache:                          1 MiB (32 instances)
L1i cache:                          1 MiB (32 instances)
L2 cache:                           16 MiB (32 instances)
L3 cache:                           128 MiB (8 instances)
NUMA node(s):                       1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                  0-63
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:        Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                 Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:             Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:      Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:             Mitigation; untrained return thunk; SMT enabled with STIBP protection
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Mitigation; Safe RET
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:    Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:           Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:           Mitigation; Retpolines, IBPB conditional, STIBP always-on, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:                Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:      Not affected

Versions of relevant libraries:
[pip3] mypy==1.8.0
[pip3] mypy-extensions==1.0.0
[pip3] numpy==1.26.3
[pip3] onnx==1.15.0
[pip3] torch==2.3.0+cpu
[pip3] torchaudio==2.3.0+cpu
[pip3] torchvision==0.18.0+cpu
[pip3] triton==2.1.0
[conda] Could not collect

cc @ezyang @chauhang @penguinwu @zou3519 @Chillee @samdow @kshitij12345 @janeyx99 @avikchaudhuri @gmagogsfm @zhxchen17 @tugsbayasgalan @angelayi @suo @ydwu4 @bdhirsh