Repository: flutter
Issue: Specifying filter quality for `Transform.scale()` clips the child content on web
Labels: c: regression,engine,platform-web,c: rendering,has reproducible steps,P2,team-web,triaged-web,found in release: 3.16,found in release: 3.17

### Is there an existing issue for this?

- [X] I have searched the [existing issues](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues)
- [X] I have read the [guide to filing a bug](https://flutter.dev/docs/resources/bug-reports)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Paste the code sample below into `main.dart` in a new Flutter project.
2. Run the project on web using canvaskit.
3. Try changing the filter quality, setting it to any value other than null reproduces the issue.

Tested it on iOS, macOS, Android and web (Chrome). I can only reproduce this issue with Chrome.

### Expected results

Child of `Transform` widget to be displayed correctly.

### Actual results

Child is being clipped at the edges.

### Code sample

<details><summary>Code sample</summary>

```dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(const App());

class App extends StatelessWidget {
  const App({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return const MaterialApp(
      home: TestPage(),
    );
  }
}

class TestPage extends StatelessWidget {
  const TestPage({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Center(
      child: Transform.scale(
        scale: 0.5,
        filterQuality: FilterQuality.high,
        child: const FlutterLogo(size: 200),
      ),
    );
  }
}
```

</details>


### Screenshots or Video

<details>
<summary>Screenshots / Video demonstration</summary>

## When filter quality is set to a non-null value:
<img width="669" alt="image" src="https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/45076094/3e011423-6050-4338-87de-8e8b64e25961">

## When filter quality is set to null or unspecified:
<img width="669" alt="image" src="https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/45076094/88be19b5-6bc7-4d67-aeaa-1468a6e6dc71">


</details>


### Logs

_No response_

### Flutter Doctor output

<details><summary>Doctor output</summary>

```console
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.16.0, on macOS 14.1.1 23B81 darwin-arm64, locale en-TR)
    • Flutter version 3.16.0 on channel stable at /Users/rasitayaz/Library/flutter
    • Upstream repository https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git
    • Framework revision db7ef5bf9f (11 days ago), 2023-11-15 11:25:44 -0800
    • Engine revision 74d16627b9
    • Dart version 3.2.0
    • DevTools version 2.28.2

[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 34.0.0)
    • Android SDK at /Users/rasitayaz/Library/Android/sdk
    • Platform android-34, build-tools 34.0.0
    • Java binary at: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home/bin/java
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+0-17.0.6b829.9-10027231)
    • All Android licenses accepted.

[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 15.0.1)
    • Xcode at /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
    • Build 15A507
    • CocoaPods version 1.14.3

[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
    • Chrome at /Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome

[✓] Android Studio (version 2022.3)
    • Android Studio at /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+0-17.0.6b829.9-10027231)

[✓] VS Code (version 1.84.2)
    • VS Code at /Applications/Visual Studio Code.app/Contents
    • Flutter extension version 3.76.0

[✓] Connected device (4 available)
    • Raşit’s iPhone (mobile) • 00008120-001A35E63E83C01E            • ios            • iOS 17.1.1 21B91
    • iPhone 15 Pro (mobile)  • 027E99CD-83B5-4239-8AD2-B9A1A47BF990 • ios            • com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-17-0
      (simulator)
    • macOS (desktop)         • macos                                • darwin-arm64   • macOS 14.1.1 23B81 darwin-arm64
    • Chrome (web)            • chrome                               • web-javascript • Google Chrome 118.0.5993.96

[✓] Network resources
    • All expected network resources are available.

• No issues found!
```

</details>