Repository: kubernetes
Issue: Potential index out of bounds in quantity_proto.go
Labels: kind/bug,sig/api-machinery,triage/accepted

### What happened?

During fuzz testing of Kubernetes, I discovered a crash, which I believe might be an issue. this issue is in the code located at kubernetes/staging/src/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource/quantity_proto.go on lines 239, 255, 266, and 270.

Code Snippet

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/99457708/226230580-f9883e9d-3636-4eb2-b6f4-d68520504fa0.png)

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/99457708/226230753-eb105fd1-3419-41d9-92d1-ec4596ddff0d.png)

The value of index may potentially exceed the boundaries of the int type, becoming a negative value. However, there is no non-negative check in the code, and it is directly used on line 255. This may result in an out-of-bounds access error. 

Comparing the skipGenerated method with others, such as in kubernetes/staging/src/k8s.io/api/apps/v1/generated.pb.go, it can be seen that they validate and handle the index accordingly.

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/99457708/226231352-d2164f4c-d701-4933-90a0-5400eccbc2c3.png)



This issue could potentially lead to program crashes and misbehavior in other locations.

Please investigate and address the issue.

### What did you expect to happen?

I expect to validate and handle the “iNdEx” value to prevent program crashes.

### How can we reproduce it (as minimally and precisely as possible)?

I attempted to trigger the issue using a unit test, with the following code:

```
package fuzzing

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"
)
import autoscalingv2 "k8s.io/api/autoscaling/v2"

func TestMetricValueStatus(t *testing.T) {
	m1 := &autoscalingv2.MetricValueStatus{}
	data := []byte("\xbf\n@000000S\x98000000000" +
		"00000000000000000000" +
		"00000s000\x800\x1a\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff" +
		"\xff000000")

	//data := []byte("qwe123qwe123qwe123qwe1231q2ew123qwe123qwe123qwe1231q2qweqwe")
	op := int(data[0])
	fmt.Printf("option is %d\n", op%noOfTargets)
	fmt.Printf("buff is %x\n", data[1:])
	err := m1.Unmarshal(data[1:])
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("error is ", err)

		return
	}
}
```
Running the above unit test results in a crash and throws an exception：

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/99457708/226233362-d95ab810-184d-4ece-9cfe-74bad2249b4f.png)

If using "data := []byte("qwe123qwe123qwe123qwe1231q2ew123qwe123qwe123qwe1231q2qweqwe")", it returns a reasonable error output：

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/99457708/226233433-ff6ee9b2-9cbb-4782-8766-cc0c2d5ddd74.png)

### Anything else we need to know?

_No response_

### Kubernetes version

<details>
code version is release-1.26 or master
</details>


### Cloud provider

<details>
im using kubernetes in my local pc with one master node and three workers configured with kubeadm
</details>


### OS version

<details>

```console
# On Linux:
$ cat /etc/os-release
# paste output here
$ uname -a
# paste output here

# On Windows:
C:\> wmic os get Caption, Version, BuildNumber, OSArchitecture
# paste output here
```

</details>


### Install tools

<details>

</details>


### Container runtime (CRI) and version (if applicable)

<details>

</details>


### Related plugins (CNI, CSI, ...) and versions (if applicable)

<details>

</details>