Repository: pytorch
Issue: false INTERNAL ASSERT FAILED in `torch.empty`/`torch.ones`
Labels: oncall: quantization

### 🐛 Describe the bug

torch.empty/torch.ones raises a false INTERNAL ASSERT FAILED when dtype is qint, accompanied by the message: "please report a bug to PyTorch."

minimal example:

```
import torch
size = 10000 
storage = torch.empty(size, dtype=torch.qint8)
storage = torch.ones(size, dtype=torch.qint32)  # will also trigger
print(storage)
```
output:
```
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
RuntimeError                              Traceback (most recent call last)
[<ipython-input-3-9aa014a798b7>](https://localhost:8080/#) in <cell line: 4>()
      2 size = 10000
      3 storage = torch.empty(size, dtype=torch.qint8)
----> 4 print(storage)

2 frames
[/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/torch/_tensor_str.py](https://localhost:8080/#) in _str_intern(inp, tensor_contents)
    550         if not has_default_dtype:
    551             suffixes.append("dtype=" + str(self.dtype))
--> 552         suffixes.append("quantization_scheme=" + str(self.qscheme()))
    553         if (
    554             self.qscheme() == torch.per_tensor_affine

RuntimeError: false INTERNAL ASSERT FAILED at "../aten/src/ATen/quantized/Quantizer.cpp":445, please report a bug to PyTorch. cannot call qscheme on UnknownQuantizer
```

### Versions

PyTorch version: 2.4.1+cu121
Is debug build: False
CUDA used to build PyTorch: 12.1
ROCM used to build PyTorch: N/A

OS: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (x86_64)
GCC version: (Ubuntu 11.2.0-19ubuntu1) 11.2.0
Clang version: Could not collect
CMake version: version 3.22.1
Libc version: glibc-2.35

Python version: 3.9.13 (main, Oct 13 2022, 21:15:33) [GCC 11.2.0] (64-bit runtime)
Python platform: Linux-5.15.0-119-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.35
Is CUDA available: True
CUDA runtime version: Could not collect
CUDA_MODULE_LOADING set to: LAZY
GPU models and configuration:
GPU 0: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090
GPU 1: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090

Nvidia driver version: 535.183.01
cuDNN version: Could not collect
HIP runtime version: N/A
MIOpen runtime version: N/A
Is XNNPACK available: True

CPU:
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes: 46 bits physical, 57 bits virtual
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 128
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-127
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
Model name: INTEL(R) XEON(R) GOLD 6530
CPU family: 6
Model: 207
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 32
Socket(s): 2
Stepping: 2
CPU max MHz: 4000.0000
CPU min MHz: 800.0000
BogoMIPS: 4200.00
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq dtes64 ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb cat_l3 cat_l2 cdp_l3 invpcid_single intel_ppin cdp_l2 ssbd mba ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512ifma clflushopt clwb intel_pt avx512cd sha_ni avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local split_lock_detect avx_vnni avx512_bf16 wbnoinvd dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_act_window hwp_epp hwp_pkg_req avx512vbmi umip pku ospke waitpkg avx512_vbmi2 gfni vaes vpclmulqdq avx512_vnni avx512_bitalg tme avx512_vpopcntdq la57 rdpid bus_lock_detect cldemote movdiri movdir64b enqcmd fsrm md_clear serialize tsxldtrk pconfig arch_lbr amx_bf16 avx512_fp16 amx_tile amx_int8 flush_l1d arch_capabilities
Virtualization: VT-x
L1d cache: 3 MiB (64 instances)
L1i cache: 2 MiB (64 instances)
L2 cache: 128 MiB (64 instances)
L3 cache: 320 MiB (2 instances)
NUMA node(s): 4
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-15,64-79
NUMA node1 CPU(s): 16-31,80-95
NUMA node2 CPU(s): 32-47,96-111
NUMA node3 CPU(s): 48-63,112-127
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit: Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf: Not affected
Vulnerability Mds: Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown: Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data: Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2: Mitigation; Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB conditional; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS SW sequence; BHI BHI_DIS_S
Vulnerability Srbds: Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected

Versions of relevant libraries:
[pip3] numpy==2.0.2
[pip3] torch==2.4.1
[pip3] triton==3.0.0
[conda] numpy 2.0.2 pypi_0 pypi
[conda] torch 2.4.1 pypi_0 pypi
[conda] triton 3.0.0 pypi_0 pypi

cc @jerryzh168 @jianyuh @raghuramank100 @jamesr66a @vkuzo @jgong5 @Xia-Weiwen @leslie-fang-intel @msaroufim