Repository: next.js
Issue: In dev mode, "incrementalCache missing in unstable_cache" when using unstable_cache in middleware
Labels: bug,Middleware,Webpack,Turbopack

### Link to the code that reproduces this issue

https://github.com/tom-sherman/next-missing-incrementalcache-bug

### To Reproduce

1. `next dev`
2. Open `/`

### Current vs. Expected behavior



```
unhandledRejection: Error: Invariant: incrementalCache missing in unstable_cache ()=>Promise.resolve()
    at cachedCb (webpack-internal:///(middleware)/./node_modules/.pnpm/next@15.0.0-canary.150_react-dom@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-20240827_react@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-2024082_2ydu7yowbuals2jgbmseymwiiq/node_modules/next/dist/esm/server/web/spec-extension/unstable-cache.js:64:19)
    at middleware (webpack-internal:///(middleware)/./middleware.ts:12:5)
    at Object.eval [as handler] (webpack-internal:///(middleware)/./node_modules/.pnpm/next@15.0.0-canary.150_react-dom@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-20240827_react@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-2024082_2ydu7yowbuals2jgbmseymwiiq/node_modules/next/dist/build/webpack/loaders/next-middleware-loader.js?absolutePagePath=%2Fhome%2Ftom%2Fcode%2Fnext-missing-incrementalcache-bug%2Fmiddleware.ts&page=%2Fmiddleware&rootDir=%2Fhome%2Ftom%2Fcode%2Fnext-missing-incrementalcache-bug&matchers=&preferredRegion=&middlewareConfig=e30%3D!:26:26)
    at eval (webpack-internal:///(middleware)/./node_modules/.pnpm/next@15.0.0-canary.150_react-dom@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-20240827_react@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-2024082_2ydu7yowbuals2jgbmseymwiiq/node_modules/next/dist/esm/server/web/adapter.js:215:35)
    at AsyncLocalStorage.run (node:async_hooks:346:14)
    at withRequestStore (webpack-internal:///(middleware)/./node_modules/.pnpm/next@15.0.0-canary.150_react-dom@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-20240827_react@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-2024082_2ydu7yowbuals2jgbmseymwiiq/node_modules/next/dist/esm/server/async-storage/with-request-store.js:106:20)
    at eval (webpack-internal:///(middleware)/./node_modules/.pnpm/next@15.0.0-canary.150_react-dom@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-20240827_react@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-2024082_2ydu7yowbuals2jgbmseymwiiq/node_modules/next/dist/esm/server/web/adapter.js:201:118)
    at eval (webpack-internal:///(middleware)/./node_modules/.pnpm/next@15.0.0-canary.150_react-dom@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-20240827_react@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-2024082_2ydu7yowbuals2jgbmseymwiiq/node_modules/next/dist/esm/server/lib/trace/tracer.js:142:36)
    at NoopContextManager.with (webpack-internal:///(middleware)/./node_modules/.pnpm/next@15.0.0-canary.150_react-dom@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-20240827_react@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-2024082_2ydu7yowbuals2jgbmseymwiiq/node_modules/next/dist/compiled/@opentelemetry/api/index.js:2:7062)
    at ContextAPI.with (webpack-internal:///(middleware)/./node_modules/.pnpm/next@15.0.0-canary.150_react-dom@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-20240827_react@19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-2024082_2ydu7yowbuals2jgbmseymwiiq/node_modules/next/dist/compiled/@opentelemetry/api/index.js:2:518)
```


### Provide environment information

```bash
Operating System:
  Platform: linux
  Arch: x64
  Version: #1 SMP Fri Mar 29 23:14:13 UTC 2024
  Available memory (MB): 7841
  Available CPU cores: 16
Binaries:
  Node: 20.12.1
  npm: 10.5.0
  Yarn: 1.22.22
  pnpm: 9.9.0
Relevant Packages:
  next: 15.0.0-canary.150 // There is a newer canary version (15.0.0-canary.154) available, please upgrade! 
  eslint-config-next: N/A
  react: 19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-20240827
  react-dom: 19.0.0-rc-7771d3a7-20240827
  typescript: 5.3.3
Next.js Config:
  output: N/A
```


### Which area(s) are affected? (Select all that apply)

Middleware, Turbopack, Webpack

### Which stage(s) are affected? (Select all that apply)

next dev (local)

### Additional context

This is reproducible with and without `--turbo`.

Related to #51397 and #60336