Patient description: The patient is a 53-year-old man complaining of frequent headaches, generalized bone pain and difficulty chewing that started 6 years ago and is getting worse. Examination shows bilateral swellings around the molars. The swellings have increased since his last examination. Several extraoral lesions of the head and face are detected. The swellings are non-tender and attached to the underlying bone. Further evaluation shows increased uptake of radioactive substance as well as an increase in urinary pyridinoline. The serum alkaline phosphatase is 300 IU/L (the normal range is 44- 147 IU/L). The patient's sister had the same problems. She was diagnosed with Paget's disease of bone when she was 52 years old. The diagnosis of Paget's Disease of Bone is confirmed and Bisphosphonate will be started as first-line therapy.

Clinical trial eligibility criteria: eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Untreated AML Other IDH1-mutated Positive Hematologic Malignancies Myelodysplastic Syndromes Key Subject must be ≥18 years of age Subjects must have documented IDH1 R132 gene-mutated advanced hematologic malignancy based on local or central evaluation Subjects must be amenable to serial bone marrow biopsies, peripheral blood sampling, and urine sampling during the study Subjects must have ECOG PS of 0 to 2 Platelet count ≥20,000/µL (Transfusions to achieve this level are allowed) Subjects must have adequate hepatic function as evidenced by: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≤3.0 × ULN, unless considered due to leukemic disease and serum total bilirubin ≤1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN), unless considered due to Gilbert's disease or leukemic disease Subjects must have adequate renal function as evidenced by a serum creatinine ≤2.0 × ULN or creatinine clearance >40mL/min based on Cockroft-Gault glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Subjects must be recovered from any clinically relevant toxic effects of any prior surgery, radiotherapy, or other therapy intended for the treatment of cancer Female subjects with reproductive potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to the start of therapy and on the first day of study drug administration. Key  Subjects who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) within 60 days of the first dose of AG-120, or subjects on immunosuppressive therapy post HSCT at the time of screening, or with clinically significant graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). (The use of a stable dose of oral steroids post HSCT and/or topical for ongoing skin GVHD is permitted.) Subjects who received systemic anticancer therapy or radiotherapy <14 days prior to their first day of study drug administration. (Hydroxyurea is allowed prior to enrollment and after the start of AG-120) Subjects who received an investigational agent <14 days prior to their first day of study drug administration Subjects who are pregnant or breastfeeding Subjects with an active severe infection or with an unexplained fever >38.5°C during screening visits or on their first day of study drug administration (at the discretion of the Investigator, subjects with tumor fever may be enrolled) Subjects with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV congestive heart failure or LVEF <40% by echocardiogram (ECHO) or multi-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan within approximately 28 days of C1D1 Subjects with a history of myocardial infarction within the last 6 months of screening Subjects with a known unstable or uncontrolled angina pectoris Subjects with a known history of severe and/or uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias Subjects with known unstable or uncontrolled angina pectoris