Patient description: The patient is a 63-year-old man presenting to the Emergency Department with a history of acute urinary retention in the past 2 days. Abdominopelvic CT scan revealed a large prostate and a bladder filled with urine. He is a candidate for urethral catheterization and TURP. Further evaluation revealed: Post-void residual: 71 mL Prostate volume (TRUS): 63 mL Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level: 3.5 ng/mL His recent blood chemistry (3 days ago) was normal: Hgb: 13.6 g/dl WBC: 133000 /mm3 Plt: 370000 /ml PT: 12 second PTT: 34 second INR: 0.9 Creatinine: 0.5 mg/dl BUN: 10 mg/dl U/A: Color: yellow Appearance: cloudy PH: 5.3 Specific gravity: 1.010 Glc: 100 Nitrite: negative Ketone: none Leukocyte esterase: negative RBC: negative WBC: 2 WBCs/hpf U/C: negative

Clinical trial eligibility criteria: eligible ages (years): 18.0-100.0,  Prostate Cancer Histopathological documentation of prostate cancer confirmed in either the Laboratory of Pathology at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, MSKCC, DFCI or BIDMC prior to enrollment. If no pathologic specimen is available, patients may enroll with a pathologist s report showing a histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer and a clinical course consistent with the disease Biochemical progression after definitive radiation or surgery defined as follows For patients following definitive therapy: a rise in PSA of greater than or equal to 2ng/mL above the nadir (per RTOG-ASTRO consensus criteria) For patients following radical prostatectomy: rising PSA after surgical procedure. (Patients must have a PSA greater than or equal to 0.8 ng/ml) ECOG performance status of 0 1 (Karnofsky greater than or equal to 80%) Patients must have a PSA doubling time of 5-15 months Patients must have a rising PSA as confirmed by 3 values done at least 1 week apart and over no less than 1 month Recovery from acute toxicity related to prior therapy, including surgery and radiation, or no toxicity greater than or equal to grade 2 Negative CT scan/MRI and bone scan for metastatic prostate cancer Hematological parameters (within 16 days before starting therapy)  Immunocompromised status due to Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity Active autoimmune diseases such as Addison's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren syndrome, scleroderma, myasthenia gravis, Goodpasture syndrome or active Grave's disease. Patients with a history of autoimmunity that has not required systemic immunosuppressive therapy or does not threaten vital organ function including CNS, heart, lungs, kidneys, skin, and GI tract will be allowed Other immunodeficiency diseases Splenectomy Chronic administration (defined as daily or every other day for continued use > 14 days) of corticosteroids deemed systemic by investigator within 28 days before the first planned dose of Use of inhaled steroids, nasal sprays, intra-articular injections and topical creams for small body areas is allowed Serious intercurrent medical illness that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with patient s ability to carry out the treatment program Other medications used for urinary symptoms including 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride and dutasteride) and alternative medications known to alter PSA (eg phytoestrogens and saw palmetto) History of prior chemotherapy History of prior immunotherapy within the last 3 years