Patient description: The patient is a 24-year-old man who has had type 1 diabetes for 11 years. He presents to the emergency room with hyperglycemia and concern for possible diabetic ketoacidosis after not taking his insulin for 3 days. The patient reports that he is currently homeless and has lost his supply of insulin, syringes, glucometer, and glucose testing supplies. The patient states that at the time of his initial diagnosis with type 1 diabetes he was hospitalized with a glucose value >1000 mg/dL. At the time, he was experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. He reports that he has been on insulin since the time of his diagnosis, and he has never been prescribed oral agents for diabetes management. Most recently, he has been using insulin glargine 55 units once daily, and insulin aspart sliding scale 3 times daily. The patient has had previous episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis, for which he was hospitalized. With this episode of hyperglycemia, he is not experiencing any nausea, vomiting, or abdominal discomfort, and he appears well. His lab studies showed: A1c: 11.3% Creatinine: 0.9 mg/dL with eGFR >60 mL/min Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): 17 U/L Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): 14 U/L Beta-hydroxybutyrate: 0.1 mmol/L Bicarbonate: 25 mEq/L Anion

Clinical trial eligibility criteria: eligible ages (years): 21.0-65.0,  Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus for ≥1 year. For an individual to be enrolled at least one criterion from each list must be met for documented hyperglycemia (at least 1 must be met): 1. Fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL confirmed 2. Two-hour oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (OGTT) glucose ≥200 mg/dL confirmed 3. HbA1c ≥6.5% documented confirmed 4. Random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms 5. No data at diagnosis is available but the participant has a convincing history of hyperglycemia consistent with diabetes for requiring insulin at diagnosis (1 must be met): 1. Participant required insulin at diagnosis and continually thereafter 2. Participant did not start insulin at diagnosis but upon investigator review likely needed insulin (significant hyperglycemia that did not respond to oral agents) and did require insulin eventually and used continually 3. Participant did not start insulin at diagnosis but continued to be hyperglycemic, had positive islet cell antibodies consistent with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and did require insulin eventually and used continually Use of an insulin pump to treat his or her diabetes for at least six months prior to the study Actively using a bolus calculator function with the current insulin pump with pre-defined parameters for glucose goal(s), carbohydrate ratio(s), and insulin sensitivity factor(s) Signed informed consent  Uncontrolled arterial hypertension (diastolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg and/or systolic blood pressure >160 mm Hg) Impaired hepatic function measured as alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase ≥three times the upper reference limit Impaired renal function measured as creatinine >1.2 times above the upper limit of normal Diabetic ketoacidosis in the past 6 months Severe hypoglycemia resulting in a seizure or loss of consciousness in the 12 months prior to enrollment Conditions which may increase the risk of induced hypoglycemia such as known coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, history of any cardiac disorder or arrhythmia, history of a cerebrovascular event, history of migraines, seizure disorder, syncope, adrenal insufficiency, or neurological disease Current use of medications containing >4000 mg acetaminophen per day Current use of L-Monoamine oxidases (MAO) inhibitors Known microvascular (diabetic) complications (other than diabetic non-proliferative retinopathy),such as history of laser coagulation, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, known diabetic nephropathy (other than microalbuminuria with normal creatinine) or neuropathy requiring treatment Known allergy to eggs