Patient description: The patient is a 24-year-old man who has had type 1 diabetes for 11 years. He presents to the emergency room with hyperglycemia and concern for possible diabetic ketoacidosis after not taking his insulin for 3 days. The patient reports that he is currently homeless and has lost his supply of insulin, syringes, glucometer, and glucose testing supplies. The patient states that at the time of his initial diagnosis with type 1 diabetes he was hospitalized with a glucose value >1000 mg/dL. At the time, he was experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. He reports that he has been on insulin since the time of his diagnosis, and he has never been prescribed oral agents for diabetes management. Most recently, he has been using insulin glargine 55 units once daily, and insulin aspart sliding scale 3 times daily. The patient has had previous episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis, for which he was hospitalized. With this episode of hyperglycemia, he is not experiencing any nausea, vomiting, or abdominal discomfort, and he appears well. His lab studies showed: A1c: 11.3% Creatinine: 0.9 mg/dL with eGFR >60 mL/min Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): 17 U/L Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): 14 U/L Beta-hydroxybutyrate: 0.1 mmol/L Bicarbonate: 25 mEq/L Anion

Clinical trial eligibility criteria: eligible ages (years): 30.0-70.0,  Diabetic Nephropathy male and female patients with no limitation of race, aged 30 to 70 years Type 2 diabetes defined as: > 30 years of age at diagnosis; insulin not required within 6 months of initial diagnosis; no history of diabetic ketoacidosis; currently treated with diet, oral hypoglycemics or insulin [Brenner 2000] microalbuminuria defined as urinary albumin excretion, 20 to 200 µg/min in at least 2 of 3 overnight urine samples or macroalbuminuria defined as urinary albumin excretion, > 200 µg/min in at least 2 of 3 overnight urine samples, confirmed in the baseline collection; should baseline albuminuria data not to be available, the patient may be conditionally treated glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb A1c) <12% at Screening [Brenner 2000] serum creatinine ≤ 3 mg/dL at Screening normotensive patients or hypertensive patients on stable antihypertensive therapy over the last 3 months and without specific contraindications to angiotensin antagonist therapy female patients of childbearing potential required to have a negative pregnancy test and use an approved birth control method patients legally able to give written informed consent to the trial (signed and dated by the patient)  Patients cannot enter the trial under the following circumstances patients hypersensitive or allergic to ARBs or bindarit or its components, or with a positive history for drug allergy Type 1 diabetes [Brenner 2000] history of non diabetic renal disease, including renal artery stenosis [Brenner 2000] history of heart failure before enrolment [Brenner 2000] acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting within the past one month [Brenner 2000] cerebral vascular accident or coronary angioplasty within the past six months month [Brenner 2000] Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) in the past 12 months [Brenner 2000] primary aldosteronism or pheocromocytoma [Brenner 2000] severe uncontrolled hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure > 115 and/or sitting systolic blood pressure> 220 mm Hg) in the previous 6 months