Patient description: The patient is a 57-year-old man with abdominal pain and vomiting. The pain started gradually about 20 hours ago in the epigastric and periumbilical regions, radiating to his back. He drinks around 60 units of alcohol per week and smokes 22 cigarettes per day. He is healthy with no history of allergies or using any medications. His family history is positive for type 2 diabetes (his father and sister). He lives alone and has no children. The abdomen is tender and soft. His bowel sounds are normal. His heart rate is 115/min and blood pressure 110/75 mmHg. The lab results are remarkable for leukocytosis (19.5), urea of 8.5, high CRP (145), high amylase (1200) and Glc level of 15. Cross-sectional imaging was negative for obstructive pancreatitis.

Clinical trial eligibility criteria: eligible ages (years): 40.0-70.0,  Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Hypoglycemia for diabetic patients. 1. Men and women who are white British or white Europeans between 40 years of age with type 2 diabetes. 2. Duration of diabetes less than 10 years. 3. Stable dose of medication over the last 3 months. 4. No history of severe hypoglycemic in the preceding 3 months. 5. No hypoglycemic unawareness 6. Able to give informed consent  for diabetic patients. 1. Type 1 diabetes. 2. Duration of diabetes of more than 10 years. 3. Patients who are on insulin. 4. HbA1c of ≥ 10%. 5. BMI <18 or >50 kg/m2 6. Alcohol excess defined as 14 units per week for a man or a woman. Binge drinking is defined 6 units for a man or women in a single drinking session. 7. Renal impairment with estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2). 8. Impaired Liver function tests defined as ALT or AST more than or equal 2.5 times upper limit of the normal. 9. History or presence of malignant neoplasms within the last 5 years( except basal and squamous cell skin cancer and in-situ carcinoma). 10. Psychiatric illness. 11. Any form of gastrointestinal tract surgery. 12. Any medications that can mask Hypoglycaemia such as B-Blockers or Clonidine. 13. Medication that may cause change in glucose metabolism. 14. Patients on any form of steroids in the last six months. 15. Female who is pregnant, breast feeding or intended to become pregnant or of child bearing potential not using adequate contraceptive methods. 16. History of pancreatitis (Acute or Chronic). 17. History of severe hypoglycaemia or hypoglycaemic unawareness. 18. Any disorder which in the opinion of the investigator might jeopardize subject's safety. 19. Contraindications to insulin infusion aiming for hypoglycaemia Ischaemic heart disease Epilepsy or previous history of seizures Drop attacks History of adrenal insufficiency Untreated hypothyroidism. for the control group. 1. Men and women who are white British or white Europeans between 40 years of age. 2. Stable dose of medications in last 3 months. 3. Able to give informed consent for the control group 1. History of diabetes 2. BMI <18 or >50 kg/m2 3. HbA1C>6% (42mmol/mol) 4. Alcohol excess defined as 14 units per week for a man or a women. Binge drinking is defined 6 units for a man or women in a single drinking session. 5. Renal impairment with estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2). 6. Impaired Liver function tests defined as ALT or AST more than or equal 2.5 times upper limit of the normal. 7. History or presence of malignant neoplasms within the last 5 years( except basal and squamous cell skin cancer and in-situ carcinoma). 8. Psychiatric illness 9. Female who is pregnant, breast feeding or intended to become pregnant or of child bearing potential not using adequate contraceptive methods. 10. Medication that may cause change in glucose metabolism 11. Any form of gastrointestinal tract surgery. 12. Patient on any form of steroids in the last 6 months. 13. Any disorder which in the opinion of the investigator might jeopardize subject's safety. 14. Contraindications to insulin infusion aiming for hypoglycaemia Ischaemic heart disease Epilepsy or previous history of seizures