Patient description: The patient is a 34-year-old obese woman who comes to the clinic with weight concerns. She is 165 cm tall, and her weight is 113 kg (BMI: 41.5). In the past, she unsuccessfully used antiobesity agents and appetite suppressants. She is complaining of sleep apnea, PCO and dissatisfaction with her body shape. She is a high-school teacher. She is married for 5 years. She doesn't use any contraceptive methods for the past 4 months and she had no prior pregnancies. She rarely exercises and movement seems to be hard for her. She is not able to complete the four-square step test in less than 15 seconds. She does not smoke or use any drugs. Her BP: 130/80, HR: 195/min and her BMI is: 41.54. Her lab results: FBS: 98 mg/dl TG: 150 mg/dl Cholesterol: 180 mg/dl LDL: 90 mg/dl HDL: 35 mg/dl She is considering a laparoscopic gastric bypass.

Clinical trial eligibility criteria: eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Adult males and females who meet the following will be offered the opportunity to participate in the study: 1. Diagnosis of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) confirmed by the following 1. normal or high C-peptide level (> 0.9 ng/ml) to type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 2. positive glucagon test to confirm T2DM 3. fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dl or more on at least two occasions 2. Body mass index (BMI) 26 kg/m2 or greater, and less than 35 kg/m2 3. History of T2DM for not longer than 8 years, as long-standing disease beyond 8 years correlates with failure to achieve diabetes resolution after gastric bypass 4. No contraindication for surgery or general anesthesia as determined by a multidisciplinary bariatric surgery team (surgeon, anesthesiologist, internist, dietitian, psychologist) 5. Between 18 and 65 year of age 6. Able to provide informed consent 7. If a female with reproductive potential, she has to agree to use a reliable method of birth control for at least one year from the date of surgery  Subjects who meet any of the following will not be eligible to participate in the study: 1. Enrollment in another clinical study, which involves an investigational drug 2. Diagnosis of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus or other genetic forms of Diabetes Mellitus 3. Significant renal failure of chronic liver disease (except NAFLD) 4. Major psychological disorders 5. Pregnancy all female subjects will have serum beta-hCG prior to operation, and must use birth control of their choice to avoid pregnancy during the first year after surgery 6. Previous gastric or esophageal surgery 7. Immunosuppressive drugs including corticosteroids 8. Coagulopathy defined as an INR > 1.5 or platelet count < 50,000/µl 9. Anemia defined as a Hb <10.0 g/dl 10. Inflammatory bowel diseases or other medical condition that would serve as a contraindication to gastric bypass (eg. celiac sprue, pancreatic insufficiency) 11. A severe concurrent illness that is likely to limit life or require extensive systemic treatment (e.g. cancer) 12. A pre-existing major complication of diabetes: 1. unstable, proliferative retinopathy 2. severe autonomic cardiac neuropathy or intestinal neuropathy 3. Myocardial infarction within the previous year, current unstable angina, or poorly-controlled congestive heart failure (Stage III)