Patient description: A 34 year old man comes to the clinic complaining of dizziness and severe diarrhea since yesterday. He has returned from an international trip few days ago and was living in a camp in Sudan for a month. He developed abdominal pain followed by bloating and nausea as well as loose bowel movements. Soon he was having profuse watery diarrhea without odor. The stool is watery and white but the patient has no fever. Blood pressure is 95/62 lying down and drops to 75/40 standing. The skin turgor has reduced. HR is 110 and he looks ill with dry mucosa. V. cholerae was seen in dark-field microscopy of a fresh stool specimen. The lab study is as bellow: Sodium 137 meq/L Potassium 2 meq/L Chloride 94meq/L CO2 15 meq/L Fecal leukocytes None seen Fecal occult blood Negative

Clinical trial eligibility criteria: eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  HIV-1 Infection HIV-1 infection Currently on continuous ART for ≥48 weeks prior to study entry. NOTE: This is defined as continuous active therapy with no treatment interruption longer than 7 consecutive days and a total duration off-treatment of no more than 14 days during the 48 weeks prior to entry No change in ART regimen within the 12 weeks prior to study entry (except as noted below). NOTE: Modifications of ART dosing during within the 12 weeks prior to entry are permitted. In addition, the change in formulation (eg, from standard formulation to fixed dose combination or single tablet regimen) or dosing (eg, from once a day to twice a day) is allowed within 12 weeks prior to entry. Within-class single drug substitution (eg, switch from nevirapine to efavirenz or from atazanavir to darunavir), are not allowed within 12 weeks prior to entry. No other changes in ART in the 12 weeks prior to entry are permitted Screening HIV-1 RNA must be <50 copies/mL and performed by any FDA-approved assay at any US laboratory that has a CLIA certification or its equivalent within 45 days prior to study entry Maintain ART-mediated viral suppression for at least 48 weeks prior to study entry defined as: A. At least one HIV-1 RNA test result obtained at any time point greater than 48 weeks prior to study entry must be BLQ and must be performed by any FDA-approved assay at a CLIA-certified laboratory or its equivalent. AND B. All HIV-1 RNA tests reported during the 48 weeks prior to study entry must be BLQ and must be performed by any FDA-approved assay at a CLIA-certified laboratory or its equivalent. NOTE: A single RNA "blip" of ≤500 copies/mL is permissible if RNA levels most recent before and after (may the screening HIV-1 RNA test) are below the level of quantification (BLQ) for the assay. If the RNA level after the blip is the screening HIV-1 RNA test, the result must be <50 copies/mL The following laboratory values obtained within 45 days prior to study entry by any US laboratory that has a CLIA certification or its equivalent Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥750/mm^3 Hemoglobin ≥9.0 g/dL for female subjects and ≥10.0 g/dL for male subjects Platelet count >100,000/mm^3 Prothrombin time (PT) <1.2 x upper limit normal (ULN)  Current malignancy (except non-melanoma cancer of the skin not requiring systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy). NOTE: Carcinoma in situ of the cervix or anus is not considered exclusionary Prior history of malignancy if the subject is not disease free for 24 or more weeks prior to study entry Current use or indication for use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or aspirin that cannot be interrupted for clinical reasons. Examples of clinical reasons but are not limited to, known and documented cardiovascular disease (history of MI, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous coronary intervention, stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease with ABI <0.9 or claudication) Current diagnosis of diabetes with HbA1c ≥8% within 24 weeks prior to screening Changes in lipid-lowering or antihypertensive medication within 90 days prior to study entry or expected need to modify these medications during the study. NOTE: Lipid-lowering medication includes: statins, fibrates, niacin (dose ≥250 mg daily), and fish-oil/omega 3 fatty acids (dose >1000 mg of marine oils daily) Known cirrhosis Known chronic active hepatitis B NOTE: Active hepatitis B is defined as hepatitis B surface antigen positive and hepatitis B DNA positive within 24 weeks prior to study entry; subjects with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA BLQ for greater than 24 weeks prior to study entry are eligible Known chronic active hepatitis C NOTE: Active hepatitis C is defined as a detectable plasma HCV RNA level within 24 weeks prior to study entry; subjects with HCV RNA BLQ for greater than 24 weeks prior to study entry are eligible Known inflammatory conditions, such as, but not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, Adult Stills disease, Rheumatic heart disease, bursitis Breastfeeding or pregnant