Patient description: A 53-year-old man presents with chronic HCV infection for the past 2 years. His past medical history is only significant for inguinal hernia surgery when he was 20 years old. He is on IFN (100 mg/week) plus RBV (400 mg/day) combination therapy for the past 9 months. Direct antiviral drugs were added to his treatment 6 months ago. His medical record shows previous positive HCV RNA tests as well as positive enzyme immunoassay for anti-HCV-antibodies. The recent biopsy was negative for hepatocellular carcinoma and was only remarkable for chronic inflammation compatible with a chronic viral hepatitis. There is no evidence of alcoholic liver disease, bleeding from esophageal varices, hemochromatosis, autoimmune hepatitis or metabolic liver disease. He is an alert male with no acute distress. His BP: 130/75, HR: 90/min and BMI: 27. His abdomen is soft with no ascites or tenderness. The lower extremities are normal with no edema.

Clinical trial eligibility criteria: eligible ages (years): 20.0-80.0,  Hepatitis C, Chronic Patient must be 20 years or older Patient must have HCV GT1 infection combined with HBV infection Patients must be serum HCV RNA detectable, anti-HCV positive, HBsAg positive and HBeAg negative Patient has previously failed treatment with PEG-IFN-α 2a or 2b/RBV for minimum of 12 weeks of treatment Patient must have compensated liver disease consistent with CHC and/or CHB, and no other etiology. Note: patients with cirrhosis should have a liver imaging study (e.g. ultrasound, CT scan or MRI) within the preceding 6 months showing no evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma Patient meets all of the requirements and none of the contra-indications for treatment with PEG-IFN alpha-2b/RBV or boceprevir defined in the labels for the PEG-IFN/RBV to be used in combination with boceprevir Patient is able and willing to provide signed informed consent (prepared by and administered by the physician) as required by local country requirements  Mixed genotypes including HCV genotype other than genotype 1 Patient has received boceprevir, narlaprevir, telaprevir, or any other HCV protease inhibitor treatment Patient has evidence of decompensated liver disease including but not limited to, a history or presence of clinical ascites, bleeding varices, or hepatic encephalopathy Patient meets any of the following exclusionary hematologic and biochemical (documentation required) Hemoglobin <12 gm/dL for females and <13 gm/dL for males Neutrophils <1500/mm3 Platelets <100,000/mm3 Patient has an organ transplant other than cornea or hair Patient is co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Patient requires or is anticipated to require any of the following prohibited medications: midazolam, pimozide, amiodarone, flecainide, propafenone, quinidine, and ergot derivatives Patient with clinical diagnosis or evidence of substance abuse involving alcohol, intravenous drugs, inhalational psychotropics, narcotics, cocaine prescription or over-the-counter drugs Patient previously demonstrated clinically significant hypersensitivity or other contraindication to any component of the boceprevir formulation. This drug contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency, or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine Serious illness, including malignancy, active coronary artery disease or cardiac dysfunction within 24 weeks prior to study entry, that in the opinion of the site investigator may preclude completion of the treatment regimen