Patient description: The patient is a 34-year-old African American man with the known history of Sickle cell disease comes to the clinic with severe bone pain. The patient had severe pain in his lower back that radiated to both thighs scored 9 out of 10. The patient has had positive history of sickle cell crises since childhood. He also had the same symptoms in past two weeks treated with oxycodone which was not beneficial to his pain. His PCP sent him to the emergency department to receive intra venous pain modulators. The patient is afebrile within the normal blood pressure. No splenomegaly was detected in the physical exam. He has no positive history of drug allergy. He won't smoke or uses any illicit drugs. The lab study is as bellow: Hgb: 8 g/dl WBC: 10000 /mm3 Plt: 300000 /ml MCV: 106 fL Hemoglobine electrophoresis: 91% HbS 6%HbF 3%HbA2 AST: 22 U/L ALT: 43 U/L Alk P: 53 U/L Ferritin: 1200 ng/ml

Clinical trial eligibility criteria: eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  Alpha Thalassemia Sickle Cell Disease Malaria Human Physiology Aged 18-70 years. 2. Able to provide informed consent. 3. Willing to allow biological samples to be stored for future research. 4. Willing to provide one or more of the following tissues: saliva, urine, blood, adipose tissue, bronchial brushing, and/or BAL samples. 5. Willing to allow genetic testing on collected biological samples  for Saliva Sample Collection Only Any condition that, in the opinion of the principal investigator (PI), contraindicates participation in this study, will be cause for exclusion. However, there are no explicit for the collection of saliva samples only. - for All Other Participants The following apply to all participants who will provide any of the following samples in-person at the NIH CC: urine, blood, adipose tissue, bronchial brushing, and/or BAL samples: 1. Pregnancy. 2. Positive testing for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or HIV (as determined by serum screening tests or relevant viral quantitative studies.) 3. Any condition that requires active medical intervention or monitoring to avert serious danger to the individual s health or wellbeing. 4. Any condition that, in the opinion of the PI, contraindicates participation in this study Additional for Individuals Giving Blood for Research 1. Hemoglobin < 10 g/dL for healthy female volunteers, < 12 g/dL for healthy male volunteers, or < 6 g/dL for participants with sickle cell disease or other chronic anemias. -Additional for Adipose Tissue Biopsy Individuals meeting any of the following will be excluded from undergoing adipose tissue biopsy. If the participant no longer meets any of these at a later time, then they will be allowed to undergo this procedure. 1. Currently taking anticoagulation medication. 2. Platelets < 100,000/microL. 3. History of keloid formation (or irregular fibrous tissue formed at the site of a scar or injury). 4. History of adverse reactions to lidocaine or other local anesthetics. Use of aspirin (or acetylsalicylic acid) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are permitted. -Additional for Bronchoscopy Individuals meeting any of the following will be excluded from undergoing bronchoscopy. If the participant no longer meets any of these at a later time, then they will be allowed to undergo this procedure. 1. Prothrombin time (PT) > 1 second above the upper limit of normal (ULN) or international normalized ratio > 1.3. 2. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) > 1 second above ULN. 3. Platelets < 150,000/microL. 4. Currently taking anticoagulation medication. 5. Use of aspirin within 2 weeks of the bronchoscopy or NSAIDs within 2 days of the bronchoscopy. 6. Diagnosis of a pulmonary disorder (eg, asthma, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, or bronchiectasis). 7. Respiratory tract infection within the last 4 weeks. 8. History of adverse reactions to lidocaine or other local anesthetics. 9. History of cigarette smoking within the past 3 months. 10. History of chronic opioid use. 11. History of drug or alcohol abuse. 12. Post-bronchodilator FEV1 < 40% of predicted or pre-bronchodilator FEV1 < 35% of predicted. 13. Active bronchospasm on physical examination. 14. History of lidocaine allergy. 15. Any condition that, in the opinion of the PI, contraindicates this procedure. Co-enrollment guidelines: Participants may be co-enrolled in other studies. However, the PI must be notified of co-enrollment