Patient description: A 53-year-old man presents with chronic HCV infection for the past 2 years. His past medical history is only significant for inguinal hernia surgery when he was 20 years old. He is on IFN (100 mg/week) plus RBV (400 mg/day) combination therapy for the past 9 months. Direct antiviral drugs were added to his treatment 6 months ago. His medical record shows previous positive HCV RNA tests as well as positive enzyme immunoassay for anti-HCV-antibodies. The recent biopsy was negative for hepatocellular carcinoma and was only remarkable for chronic inflammation compatible with a chronic viral hepatitis. There is no evidence of alcoholic liver disease, bleeding from esophageal varices, hemochromatosis, autoimmune hepatitis or metabolic liver disease. He is an alert male with no acute distress. His BP: 130/75, HR: 90/min and BMI: 27. His abdomen is soft with no ascites or tenderness. The lower extremities are normal with no edema.

Clinical trial eligibility criteria: eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  Hepatitis, Chronic Active HCV positive subjects documented by serum HCV RNA concentration > 100,000 IU/mL within 21 days of first study treatment Receipt of adequate previous PEG-IFN and RBV therapy for a minimum of 12 weeks (PEG-IFN alpha-2a doses of > 180 μg/wk or PEG-IFN alpha-2b 1.5 µg/kg/wk and at least 800 mg RBV daily) not resulting in a minimum of a 2 log decrease in HCV RNA concentrations while on treatment (null responders). Or, receipt of adequate previous treatment PEG-IFN and RBV therapy for a minimum of 24 weeks (PEG-IFN alpha-2a doses of ≥ 180 μg/wk or PEG-IFN alpha-2b 1.5 µg/kg/wk and at least 800 mg RBV daily) resulting in a minimum of a 2 log decrease in serum HCV RNA concentrations by 12 weeks of treatment but not resulting in an undetectable viral load after 24 weeks of treatment (partial responders). If dose modifications were necessary during the treatment due to adverse events, the subject must have received at least 80% of the PEG-IFN dose and 80% of the RBV dose to be eligible for the study. HCV genotype 1 only; other HCV genotypes are excluded. Adults, 18+ years old Written informed consent Liver biopsy within 5 years of the first dose of study drug, documenting changes consistent with hepatitis C Adequate bone marrow, liver, and renal function demonstrated by Hemoglobin > 12 g/dL for females and > 13 g/dL for males White blood cell (WBC) > 3,000/mm3 Neutrophils > 1,500/mm3 Platelets > 80,000/mm3 Total bilirubin < 1.6 mg/dL Direct bilirubin < 1.5 upper limit of normal. If indirect bilirubin is elevated, Gilbert's disease must be documented in chart and substantiated Albumin > 3.7 g/dL and < 4.9 g/dL Serum creatinine < upper limit of normal per central laboratory. If serum creatinine is > upper limit of normal then calculated creatinine clearance has to be > 100 mL/min (by Cockcroft-Gault formula) for patient to be eligible. Negative pregnancy test in women of childbearing potential. Females of childbearing potential and males who have partners of childbearing potential must use two forms of effective contraception during treatment and during the 6 months after treatment has been concluded. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within normal ranges within 21 days of first study treatment, regardless of treatment with L-thyroxin  Treatment with any IFN based therapies and/or antiviral therapies within 30 days of the first dose of study drug Subjects who have previously received an HCV vaccine Child-Pugh Class B or C History of psychiatric conditions including, but not limited to, psychosis, suicidal ideations, or major depression. Subjects with mild to moderate depression in the past who have a normal to mild Beck Depression Inventory score and no prior history of suicidal gestures or attempts may be enrolled if, in the Investigator's opinion, they are suitable for treatment. Significant cardiovascular disease (e.g., New York Heart Association [NYHA] class 3 congestive heart failure; myocardial infarction within the past 6 months; unstable angina; coronary angioplasty within the past 6 months; or uncontrolled atrial or ventricular cardiac arrhythmias) History of immunodeficiency or autoimmune disease including autoimmune hepatitis, allogeneic transplant, or pre-existing autoimmune or antibody-mediated disease including, but not limited to: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome, or autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Other serious medical conditions including, but not limited to HIV-1 Hepatitis B (positive hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]) Cancer (active tumors in the last 5 years) Pregnant, partners of pregnant women, or nursing women Alcohol or drug misuse within 90 days of screening Use of immunosuppressive doses of steroids or any anti-metabolite therapies within 3 months of entry into the study (inhaled and topical corticosteroids are permitted). Receipt of any vaccine or immunoglobulin within 30 days before the first dose of study drug. Flu vaccines are only allowed once the subjects are qualified for 36 additional weeks of treatment. Prior administration of oligodeoxynucleotides (including study medication CPG 10101), ribozymes, or any known allergy to CPG 10101, interferon, RVN or their excipients. Receipt of any investigational drug therapy within 30 days before the first dose of study drug. Any other condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may compromise the safety or compliance of the subject or would preclude the subject from successful completion of the study