Patient description: A 21-year-old college student undergoes colonoscopy due to family history of multiple polyps in his older siblings. His brother underwent total proctocolectomy at age 22, and his sister underwent a total proctocolectomy at age 28, after both were found to have hundreds of colonic adenomas on colonoscopy. Both siblings are currently well without any findings of neoplasms. The patient undergoes sigmoidoscopy and is found to have dozens of small colonic polyps within rectosigmoid. Several of these are biopsied and are all benign adenomas.

Clinical trial eligibility criteria: eligible ages (years): 20.0-999.0,  Parkinson Disease Parkinson's Disease at the start of the screening Patients who are diagnosed with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) with severity of the modified Hoehn & Yahr Stages II-IV Subjects receiving a stable dose of L-dopa for at least 4 weeks prior to screening phase and demonstrating lack of control with L-dopa therapy in the following circumstances. Wearing-off phenomena. On-off fluctuations. Delayed-on/No on phenomena. Not adequately controlled on L-dopa QTc<450 millisecond (msec) or <480msec for patients with Bundle Branch Block values based on either single ECG values or triplicate electrocardiogram (ECG) averaged QTc values obtained over a brief recording period Age:20 years or older(at the time of informed written consent) Informed consent: Patients who are able to give informed written consent in person. (i.e. patients who are capable of giving informed written consent on one's own) Sex: either sex. Female of child-bearing potential will be eligible for in this study. However they have to have a negative pregnancy test at the screening visit, agree to further pregnancy testing at the time points determined in study assessments and procedures and practice one of the following methods of contraception from the screening visit until the end of the follow-up examination. Abstinence. Injectable progestogen. Implants of levonorgestrel. Estrogenic vaginal ring. Percutaneous contraceptive patches. Intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS) that meets the SOP effectiveness as stated in the product label. Male partner sterilization (vasectomy with documentation of azoospermia) prior to the female subject's entry into the study, and this male is the sole partner for that subject. Double barrier method: condom or occlusive cap (diaphragm or cervical / vault caps) plus spermicidal agent (foam /gel / film / cream / suppository) Both inpatient and outpatient status at the start of the non-inferiority verification phase  Late stage advanced subjects demonstrating incapacitating peak dose or biphasic dyskinesia on their stable dose of L-dopa Patients who present serious physical signs and symptoms other than those of the PD (e.g. cardiac/hepatic/renal disorder and haematopoietic disorder). The severity refers to Grade 3 according to "the Classification of the Severity of Adverse Experiences (Pharmaceutical affairs bureau/Safety division (PAB/SD) Notification No. 80, dated 29 June 1992) Patients with symptomatic postural hypotension. (e.g. dizziness and syncope) Patients with a current or history of drug abuse or alcoholism Patients who have received surgical treatment for PD in the past (e.g. pallidectomy, deep brain stimulation) Female patients who are pregnant or lactating, who may be pregnant, or who plan for pregnancy during the study or within 30 days after the last dose of the study drug Patients with chronic hepatitis typeB and/or type C which is positive of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and/or hepatitis C antibody Patients with a history of drug allergy to ropinirole hydrochloride (HCl) Patients with a current or history of cancer or malignant tumor Others whom the investigator (subinvestigator) considers ineligible for the study