Patient description: Patient A is a 30-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital after 10 days of cough, profuse nocturnal sweating and loss of appetite. He had traveled to India 1 months ago and has not any positive history of TB vaccination. He is a previously healthy man, working as an engineer in a high tech company. He doesn't smoke o use any illicit drugs. He was febrile (38 c) with heart rate of 115 b/min, respiratory rate of 22, BP of 125/75 mmHg and O2 sat of 97%. Chest X-ray showed infiltrate in the middle of left lung with diameter of 1.8 cm with signs of cavitation. The sputum smear revealed positive sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis which are sensitive of the first-line TB drugs (isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin and ethambutol). Lab study is reported bellow: Hgb: 13 g/dl WBC: 14000 /mm3 Plt: 300000 /ml AST: 13 U/L ALT: 15 U/L Alk P: 53 U/L Bill total: 0.6 mg/dl Na: 137 mEq/l K: 4 mEq/l Creatinine: 0.5 mg/dl BUN: 10 mg/dl ESR: 120 mm/hr

Clinical trial eligibility criteria: eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  Tuberculosis, Multidrug Resistant females and males aged ≥ 18 females of non-childbearing potential: at least 2 years post-menopausal or surgically sterile (e.g. tubal ligation) females of childbearing potential (including females less than 2 years post-menopausal) must have a negative pregnancy test at enrollment and must agree to use highly effective methods of birth control (i.e. diaphragm plus spermicide or male condom plus spermicide, oral contraceptive in combination with a second method, contraceptive implant, injectable contraceptive, indwelling intrauterine device, sexual abstinence, or a vasectomized partner) while participating in the study and for 30 days after end of the study for each group males must agree to use a double barrier method of contraception (condom plus spermicide or diaphragm plus spermicide) while participating in the study and for 30 days after end of the study for the respective group; or the male patient or his female partner must be surgically sterile (e.g. vasectomy, tubal ligation) or the female partner must be post menopausal The patient must provide written informed consent The patient must be willing and able to attend all study visits and comply with all study procedures MDR-TB patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (or Mycobacterium africanum) by culture, at least also present in sputum Diagnosed with active MDR-TB, and therefore managed with second line TB drugs Having successfully completed 16 or 12 weeks (depending on the cohort) of MDR-TB treatment, fully supervised, and with beneficial initial response to therapy, evidenced by  Inability to provide written informed consent Women reported, or detected, or willing to be pregnant during the trial period Severity of illness precluding full evaluation: expected early death, evidenced by respiratory failure, low blood pressure, WHO performance score 3-4; Central Nervous System involvement of TB (TB meningitis, intra-cranial tuberculomas) as there is too little evidence for effective drug penetration for second-line TB drugs Major co-morbid conditions precluding full evaluation, i.e., active lung cancer, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure exceeding New York Heart Association class 2; a diagnosis of metastasized malignancy; renal failure in excess of creatinine clearance < 30 mls/min calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula, which would severely complicate administration of aminoglycosides and capreomycin, considered as the major second-line TB drugs; obesity (Body Mass Index >30 kg/m2); chronic liver disease - Child-Pugh class C Any of the following laboratory parameters Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) total bilirubin > 2 x ULN Neutrophil count ≤ 500 neutrophils / mm3 Platelet count < 50,000 cells / mm3 Receiving or anticipated to receive a daily dose of ≥ 10 mg of systemic prednisone or equivalent within the period starting 14 days prior to enrolment. Note: patients are allowed to receive an acute, short course of methylprednisolone or prednisone or equivalent for management of an acute exacerbation of COPD or reactive airway disease in asthmatics