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[ "The bowler bowls the ball in sets of six deliveries (or \"balls\") and each set of six balls is called an over.", "This name came about because the umpire calls \"Over!\"", "when six balls have been bowled.", "At this point, another bowler is deployed at the other end, and the fielding side changes ends while the batsmen do not.", "A bowler cannot bowl two successive overs, although a bowler can bowl unchanged at the same end for several overs.", "The batsmen do not change ends and so the one who was non-striker is now the striker and vice-versa.", "The umpires also change positions so that the one who was at square leg now stands behind the wicket at the non-striker's end and \"vice-versa\"." ]

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[ "The primitive stem cells located in the organs of fetuses are referred to as fetal stem cells.", "There are two types of fetal stem cells:", " Fetal proper stem cells come from the tissue of the fetus proper, and are generally obtained after an abortion.", "These stem cells are not immortal but have a high level of division and are multipotent.", " Extraembryonic fetal stem cells come from extraembryonic membranes, and are generally not distinguished from adult stem cells.", "These stem cells are acquired after birth, they are not immortal but have a high level of cell division, and are pluripotent." ]

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[ "This section was named after the oldest operating coaster in the park, Comet, and lies along Spring Creek.", "This is one of the oldest areas part of Hersheypark; many rides have come and gone in this area.", "The park's first water ride, the Mill Chute installed in 1929, was alongside the creek where Great Bear runs today.", "The original location for the bumper cars, then called the Auto Skooters, is now the SooperDooperLooper Sandwich Stop.", "There were giant slides on the hill where the Hersheypark Amphitheater is located.", "A turnpike ride was located underneath the high bridge that crossed Spring Creek to Minetown.", "The park's carousel, before being moved to Carrousel Circle in 1972, was located along the creek adjacent to the station of Comet.", "Before SooperDooperLooper came to Comet Hollow in 1977, a Himalaya ride was in that location, and before that, twin Eli Bridge Ferris wheels.", "A whip, and a station for the Electric Railroad were also located in Comet Hollow at one time.", "One of Hersheypark's most significant floods occurred in 1972 as a result of Hurricane Agnes.", "A number of rides were heavily damaged or destroyed as a result.", "These rides include the turnpike ride, the Mill Chute and the giant slides.", "They were eventually replaced (the Coal Cracker (1973) and Twin Turnpike (1975) were put on higher ground in Minetown, and the Merry Derry Dip Fun Slide was put in Midway America twenty five years later in 1997).", "Today, Comet Hollow features three roller coasters, Comet (Hersheypark), Skyrush, and the first looping roller coaster on the East Coast, SooperDooperLooper.", "It also houses the Wave Swinger.", "Almost all of Great Bear's track courses through Comet Hollow.", "Beginning with the 2012 season and renovations being done to this area, the park changed the name of the once 'Comet Hollow' to the now present name of 'The Hollow'." ]

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[ "In September 1901, William McKinley was at the height of his power as president.", "Elected in 1896, during the serious economic depression resulting from the Panic of 1893, he had defeated his Democratic rival, William Jennings Bryan.", "McKinley led the nation both to a return to prosperity and to victory in the Spanish-American War in 1898, taking possession of such Spanish colonies as Puerto Rico and the Philippines.", "Re-elected handily in a rematch against Bryan in 1900, according to historical writer Eric Rauchway, \"it looked as if the McKinley Administration would continue peaceably unbroken for another four years, a government devoted to prosperity\".", "McKinley's original vice president, Garret Hobart, had died in 1899, and McKinley left the choice of a running mate to the 1900 Republican National Convention.", "In advance of the convention, New York's Republican political boss, Senator Thomas C. Platt, saw an opportunity to politically sideline his state's governor, former Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, by pushing for his nomination as vice president.", "Roosevelt accepted the nomination and was elected on McKinley's ticket.", "Leon Czolgosz was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1873, the son of Polish immigrants.", "The Czolgosz family moved a number of times as Paul Czolgosz, Leon's father, sought work throughout the Midwest.", "As an adult, Leon Czolgosz worked in a Cleveland factory until he lost his job in a labor dispute in 1893.", "Thereafter, he worked irregularly and attended political and religious meetings, trying to understand the reasons for the economic turmoil of the Panic of 1893.", "In so doing, he became interested in anarchism.", "By 1901, this movement was feared in the United States—New York's highest court had ruled that the act of identifying oneself as an anarchist in front of an audience was a breach of the peace.", "Anarchists had taken a toll in Europe of a half-dozen officials and members of royal houses, and had been blamed for the 1886 Haymarket bombing in Chicago.", "Two American presidents had been assassinated in the 19th century—Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and James Garfield in 1881.", "John Wilkes Booth, Lincoln's assassin, had been embittered by the Confederate defeat in the American Civil War; Charles Guiteau, the assassin of Garfield, was an eccentric (possibly insane) man motivated by personal political and religious views who had unsuccessfully sought office in Garfield's administration.", "Although two presidents had been struck down by assassins, McKinley did not like security personnel to come between him and the people.", "When in his hometown, Canton, Ohio, he often walked to church or the business district without protection, and in Washington went on drives with his wife without any guard in the carriage." ]

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[ " versus Jujutsu.", "Central to Kano's vision for judo were the principles of and .", "He illustrated the application of \"seiryoku zen'yō\" with the concept of :Kano realised that \"seiryoku zen'yō\", initially conceived as a Jujutsu concept, had a wider philosophical application.", "Coupled with the Confucianist-influenced \"jita kyōei\", the wider application shaped the development of judo from a to a .", "Kano rejected techniques that did not conform to these principles and emphasised the importance of efficiency in the execution of techniques.", "He was convinced that practice of Jujutsu while conforming to these ideals was a route to self-improvement and the betterment of society in general.", "He was, however, acutely conscious of the Japanese public's negative perception of Jujutsu:Kano believed that \"\"Jūjutsu\"\" was insufficient to describe his art: although means \"art\" or \"means\", it implies a method consisting of a collection of physical techniques.", "Accordingly, he changed the second character to , meaning way, road or path, which implies a more philosophical context than \"jutsu\" and has a common origin with the Chinese concept of \"tao\".", "Thus Kano renamed it ." ]

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[ "A variation of this dish, \"dolsot bibimbap\" (돌솥 비빔밥, \"dolsot\" meaning \"stone pot\"), is served in a very hot stone bowl in which a raw egg is cooked against the sides of the bowl.", "The bowl is so hot that anything that touches it sizzles for minutes.", "Before the rice is placed in the bowl, the bottom of the bowl is coated with sesame oil, making the layer of the rice touching the bowl golden brown and crisp.", "The city of Jeonju, the capital of the North Jeolla Province of South Korea, is famous throughout the nation for its version of \"bibimbap\", said to be based on a royal court dish of the Joseon Dynasty.", "A further variation of \"bibimbap\", called \"hoedeopbap\", uses a variety of raw seafood, such as tilapia, salmon, tuna or sometimes octopus, but each bowl of rice usually contain one kind of meat.", "The term \"hoe\" in the word means raw fish.", "The dish is popular along the coasts of Korea where fish are abundant." ]

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[ "", "\"Hey Jude\" was released on 26 August 1968 in the United States and 30 August in the United Kingdom, backed with \"Revolution\" on the B-side of a 7\" single.", "The single was the debut release of the Beatles' record label Apple Records; in the US, it was also the first Beatles' single to be issued in a company sleeve rather than a picture sleeve.", "Even though \"Hey Jude\" was recorded during the sessions for the album \"The Beatles\", also known as the White Album, it was always intended as a single and not an album track, although it would eventually make its LP debut two years later as the title cut on the compilation album originally titled \"The Beatles Again\".", "Lennon wanted \"Revolution\" to be the A-side of the single, but the other Beatles did not agree.", "In his 1970 interview with \"Rolling Stone\", he said \"Hey Jude\" was worthy of an A-side, \"but we could have had both.\"", "Ten years later in 1980, he told \"Playboy\" he still disagreed with the decision.", "\"Hey Jude\" began its sixteen-week run on the British charts on 7 September 1968, claiming the top spot a week later.", "It only lasted two weeks on top before being knocked off by another single from Apple, Mary Hopkin's \"Those Were the Days\" (a song which, incidentally, if not penned was actually produced by McCartney).", "The single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on 13 September; that same week \"NME\" reported that two million copies of the single had been sold.", "The song entered the US charts on 14 September 1968, where it stayed for nineteen weeks.", "Two weeks later, \"Hey Jude\" was number one in the charts and held that position for nine weeks, the longest time spent by a Beatles' single at number one, as well as being the longest-playing single to reach number one.", "The song was the 16th number one hit for the band in the US, tying Elvis Presley's record at the time for most number one songs there.", "\"Hey Jude\" clocked in at 7:11.", "The only other chart-topping song worldwide in the 1960s that ran over seven minutes was Richard Harris' \"MacArthur Park\".", "In the UK, where \"MacArthur Park\" did not top the chart, \"Hey Jude\" remained the longest number-one hit for nearly a quarter of a century, until it was surpassed in 1993 by Meat Loaf's \"I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)\", which ran 7:58 as a single.", "On 30 November 1968, \"NME\" reported that sales had reached nearly six million copies worldwide.", "\"Hey Jude\" became the biggest-selling debut release for a record label ever, selling an estimated eight million copies worldwide and topping the charts in eleven countries.", "\"Hey Jude\" was the top Billboard Hot 100 single for 1968, according to year-end charts.", "Less than three weeks after its release, the record was certified gold for sales of one million copies.", "In 1999, it was certified 4x platinum, representing four million units shipped." ]

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[ "Original version.", "First sold in 1897 by Van Gogh's sister-in-law for 300 francs, the painting was subsequently bought by Paul Cassirer (1904), Kessler (1904), and Druet (1910).", "In 1911, the painting was acquired by the Städel (Städtische Galerie) in Frankfurt, Germany and hung there until 1933, when the painting was put in a hidden room.", "The Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda confiscated the work in 1937 as part of its campaign to rid Germany of so-called degenerate art, leading to Hermann Göring hurriedly selling it to a dealer in Amsterdam.", "The dealer in turn sold it to collector Siegfried Kramarsky, who brought it with him when he fled to New York, where the work was often lent to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.", "Kramarsky's family put the painting up for auction at Christie's New York on May 15, 1990, where it became famous for Ryoei Saito, honorary chairman of Daishowa Paper Manufacturing Co., paying US$82.5 million for it, making it then the world's most expensive painting.", "Remarkably, two days later Saito would buy Renoir's Bal du moulin de la Galette for a nearly-as-much $78.1 million at Sotheby's.", "The 75-year old Japanese businessman briefly caused a scandal when he said he would have the Van Gogh painting cremated with him after his death, though his aides later claimed Saito threatening to torch the masterpiece was just an expression of intense affection for it.", "Though he later said he would consider giving the painting to the Japanese government or a museum, no information has been made public about the exact location and ownership of the portrait since his death in 1996.", "Reports in 2007 have claimed the painting was sold a decade earlier to the Austrian-born investment fund manager Wolfgang Flöttl.", "Flöttl, in turn, had reportedly been forced by financial reversals to sell the painting to parties as yet unknown." ]

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[ "", "\"Bulgogi\" is made from thin slices of sirloin or other prime cuts of beef.", "Before cooking, the meat is marinated to enhance its flavour and tenderness with a mixture of soy sauce, sugar, sesame oil, garlic, pepper and other ingredients such as scallions, ginger, onions or mushrooms, especially white button mushrooms or \"matsutake\".", "Sometimes, cellophane noodles are added to the dish, which varies by the region and specific recipe.", "\"Bulgogi\" is traditionally grilled, but pan-cooking has become popular as well.", "Whole cloves of garlic, sliced onions and chopped green peppers are often grilled or fried with the meat.", "This dish is sometimes served with a side of lettuce or other leafy vegetable, which is used to wrap a slice of cooked meat, often along with a dab of \"ssamjang\", or other side dishes, and then eaten together." ]

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[ "Even in planning stages, various Florida based animal rights groups and PETA did not like the idea of Disney creating a theme park where animals were held in captivity.", "The groups protested, and PETA tried to convince travel agents not to book trips to the park.", "A few weeks before the park opened, a number of animals died due to accidents.", "The United States Department of Agriculture viewed most of the cases and found no violations of animal-welfare regulations.", "On opening day, the Orange County Sheriff's office sent about 150 deputies in fear that there may be a large protest, but only two dozen protesters showed up.", "The protest lasted two hours, and there were no arrests.", "One year after the park opened, Animal Rights Foundation of Florida complained that a New Year's Eve fireworks show could upset the animals.", "A USDA inspector came to the park and found no problems with launching low-noise fireworks half a mile away." ]

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[ "The Forbidden City, the culmination of the two-thousand-year development of classical Chinese and East Asian architecture, has been influential in the subsequent development of Chinese architecture, as well as providing inspiration for many artistic works.", "Some specific examples include:", "Depiction in art, film, literature and popular culture", "The Forbidden City has served as the scene to many works of fiction.", "In recent years, it has been depicted in films and television series.", "Some notable examples include:", " \"The Forbidden City\" (1918), a fiction film about a Chinese emperor and an American.", " \"The Last Emperor\" (1987), a biographical film about Puyi, was the first feature film ever authorised by the government of the People's Republic of China to be filmed in the Forbidden City.", " \"Marco Polo\" a joint NBC and RAI TV miniseries broadcast in the early 1980s, was filmed inside the Forbidden City.", "Note, however, that the present Forbidden City did not exist in the Yuan dynasty, when Marco Polo met Kublai Khan.", "Performance venue", "The Forbidden City has also served as a performance venue.", "However, its use for this purpose is strictly limited, due to the heavy impact of equipment and performance on the ancient structures.", "Almost all performances said to be \"in the Forbidden City\" are held outside the palace walls.", " Giacomo Puccini's opera, \"Turandot\", the story of a Chinese princess, was performed at the Imperial Shrine just outside the Forbidden City for the first time in 1998.", " In 1997, Greek-born composer and keyboardist Yanni performed a live concert in front of the Forbidden City.", "The concert was recorded and later released as part of the \"Tribute\" album.", " In 2001, the Three Tenors, Spanish singers Plácido Domingo and José Carreras and the Italian singer Luciano Pavarotti sang in front of Forbidden City main gate as one of their performances.", " In 2004, the French musician Jean Michel Jarre performed a live concert in front of the Forbidden City, accompanied by 260 musicians, as part of the \"Year of France in China\" festivities." ]

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[ "l mechanism.", "Auroras are associated with the solar wind, a flow of ions continuously flowing outward from the Sun.", "The Earth's magnetic field traps these particles, many of which travel toward the poles where they are accelerated toward Earth.", "Collisions between these ions and atmospheric atoms and molecules cause energy releases in the form of auroras appearing in large circles around the poles.", "Auroras are more frequent and brighter during the intense phase of the solar cycle when coronal mass ejections increase the intensity of the solar wind.", "Auroras result from emissions of photons in the Earth's upper atmosphere, above , from ionized nitrogen molecules regaining an electron, and oxygen atoms and nitrogen molecules returning from an excited state to ground state.", "They are ionized or excited by the collision of solar wind and magnetospheric particles being funneled down and accelerated along the Earth's magnetic field lines; excitation energy is lost by the emission of a photon, or by collision with another atom or molecule:", "oxygen emissions: green or brownish-red, depending on the amount of energy absorbed.", "nitrogen emissions: blue or red; blue if the atom regains an electron after it has been ionized, red if returning to ground state from an excited state.", "Oxygen is unusual in terms of its return to ground state: it can take three quarters of a second to emit green light and up to two minutes to emit red.", "Collisions with other atoms or molecules absorb the excitation energy and prevent emission.", "Because the very top of the atmosphere has a higher percentage of oxygen and is sparsely distributed such collisions are rare enough to allow time for oxygen to emit red.", "Collisions become more frequent progressing down into the atmosphere, so that red emissions do not have time to happen, and eventually even green light emissions are prevented.", "This is why there is a color differential with altitude; at high altitude oxygen red dominates, then oxygen green and nitrogen blue/red, then finally nitrogen blue/red when collisions prevent oxygen from emitting anything.", "Green is the most common of all auroras.", "Behind it is pink, a mixture of light green and red, followed by pure red, yellow (a mixture of red and green), and finally, pure blue." ]

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[ "In his final letter to Theo, Van Gogh admitted that as he did not have any children, he viewed his paintings as his progeny.", "Reflecting on this, the historian Simon Schama concluded that he \"did have a child of course, Expressionism, and many, many heirs.\"", "Schama mentioned many artists who have adapted elements of Van Gogh's style, including Willem de Kooning, Howard Hodgkin and Jackson Pollock.", "The Fauves extended both his use of color and freedom in application, as did German Expressionists of the Die Brücke group, and as other early modernists.", "Abstract Expressionism of the 1940s and 1950s is seen as in part inspired from Van Gogh's broad, gestural brush strokes.", "In the words of art critic Sue Hubbard: \"At the beginning of the twentieth century Van Gogh gave the Expressionists a new painterly language that enabled them to go beyond surface appearance and penetrate deeper essential truths.", "It is no coincidence that at this very moment Freud was also mining the depths of that essentially modern domain – the subconscious.", "This beautiful and intelligent exhibition places Van Gogh where he firmly belongs; as the trailblazer of modern art.", "\"In 1957, Francis Bacon (1909–1992) based a series of paintings on reproductions of Van Gogh's \"The Painter on the Road to Tarascon\", the original of which was destroyed during World War II.", "Bacon was inspired by not only an image he described as \"haunting\", but also Van Gogh himself, whom Bacon regarded as an alienated outsider, a position which resonated with Bacon.", "The Irish artist further identified with Van Gogh's theories of art and quoted lines written in a letter to Theo, \"painters do not paint things as they are...", "They paint them as \"they themselves\" feel them to be.\"", "An exhibition devoted to Vincent van Gogh's letters took place in the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam from October 2009 to January 2010 and then moved to the Royal Academy in London from late January to April.", "The Van Gogh Museum hosted an exhibition \"Van Gogh at Work\" featuring 200 paintings and drawings, 150 of them by van Gogh and others including Paul Gauguin and Émile Bernard; from May 1, 2013 until January 12, 2014. " ]

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[ "In 1983, coinciding with the series' 20th anniversary, a charity special titled \"The Five Doctors\" was produced in aid of Children in Need, featuring three of the first five Doctors, a new actor to replace the deceased William Hartnell, and unused footage to represent Tom Baker.", "This was a full-length, 90-minute film, the longest single episode of \"Doctor Who\" produced to date (the television movie ran slightly longer on broadcast where it included commercial breaks).", "In 1993, for the franchise's 30th anniversary, another charity special, titled \"Dimensions in Time\" was produced for Children in Need, featuring all of the surviving actors who played the Doctor and a number of previous companions.", "It also featured a crossover with the soap opera \"EastEnders\", the action taking place in the latter's Albert Square location and around Greenwich.", "The special was one of several special 3D programmes the BBC produced at the time, using a 3D system that made use of the Pulfrich effect requiring glasses with one darkened lens; the picture would look normal to those viewers who watched without the glasses.", "In 1999, another special, \"Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death\", was made for Comic Relief and later released on VHS.", "An affectionate parody of the television series, it was split into four segments, mimicking the traditional serial format, complete with cliffhangers, and running down the same corridor several times when being chased (the version released on video was split into only two episodes).", "In the story, the Doctor (Rowan Atkinson) encounters both the Master (Jonathan Pryce) and the Daleks.", "During the special the Doctor is forced to regenerate several times, with his subsequent incarnations played by, in order, Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and Joanna Lumley.", "The script was written by Steven Moffat, later to be head writer and executive producer to the revived series.", "Since the return of \"Doctor Who\" in 2005, the franchise has produced two original \"mini-episodes\" to support Children in Need.", "The first, aired in November 2005, was an which introduced David Tennant as the Tenth Doctor.", "It was followed in November 2007 by \"Time Crash\", a 7-minute scene which featured the Tenth Doctor meeting the Fifth Doctor (played once again by Peter Davison).", "A set of two mini-episodes, titled \"Space\" and \"Time\" respectively, were produced to support Comic Relief.", "They were aired during the Comic Relief 2011 event.", "During 2011 Children in Need, an exclusively-filmed segment showed the Doctor addressing the viewer, attempting to persuade them to purchase items of his clothing, which were going up for auction for Children in Need.", "The 2012 edition of CiN featured the mini-episode \"The Great Detective\"." ]

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[ "\"Moves like Jagger\" is a song by American band Maroon 5 featuring singer-songwriter Christina Aguilera released by A&M Octone Records on June 21, 2011, as the fourth and final single and the first only re-released single from their third studio album \"Hands All Over\" (2010).", "The song was written by Adam Levine, Benjamin Levin, Ammar Malik and Shellback and produced by Shellback and Benny Blanco.", "\"Moves like Jagger\" is a dance-pop and electropop song and is backed by synths and electronic drums, the lyrics refer to a male's ability to impress a female with his dance moves, which he compares to Mick Jagger, frontman of the English band The Rolling Stones.", "\"Moves like Jagger\" was well received by music critics, who praised the song's chorus.", "Praise also went to the vocals of Levine and Aguilera, with critics pointing out solid chemistry between the two.", "Likewise, the song was a commercial success, going on to top the charts in over 18 countries.", "In the United States, \"Moves like Jagger\" became the band's first top ten single since \"Makes Me Wonder\" (2007), as well as Christina Aguilera's first top-ten single since \"Keeps Gettin' Better\" (2008).", "It is among the best-selling singles of all time.", "Aguilera also became the fourth female to score no.", "1 singles in three different decades, behind Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Britney Spears.", "She scored a number one hit in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s, being the second female artist to do so behind Britney Spears.", "Worldwide, it was the ninth-best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 7 million copies.", "As of 2014, the song ranks as one of the six best-selling digital singles of all time with sales of over 14 million copies.", "The music video was directed by Jonas Åkerlund.", "The video features an old video footage of Jagger and his iconic dance moves.", "\"Moves like Jagger\" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 54th Grammy Awards but lost to \"Body and Soul\" by Tony Bennett and Amy Winehouse.", "The song was first performed in June 2011 on an episode of \"The Voice\" (where Levine and Aguilera both served as judges/coaches)." ]

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[ "The review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes said 98% of 94 critics gave the film a positive review, with the site's consensus stating, \"\"Blackfish\" is an aggressive, impassioned documentary that will change the way you look at performance killer whales.\"", "The \"Deseret News\" called it \"a gripping example of documentary filmmaking at its finest\".", "At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 83 based on 33 reviews.", "After the film's release, former SeaWorld trainer Bridgette Pirtle said the final film was \"a complete ‘180’ from what was originally presented to me.\"", "Mark Simmons, one of Tilikum's first trainers, believed few of his interview comments were used \"ecause the things I said flew in the face of the movie’s clear agenda.", "What I contributed did not support Gabriela or Tim Zimmerman’s intent with the film.”In January 2014, the family of the late trainer Dawn Brancheau said neither it nor the foundation named after her were affiliated with the film, and that they did not believe it accurately reflected Brancheau or her experiences." ]

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[ "The term used for the sauce varies.", "\"Ketchup\" (sometimes spelled \"catsup\" in American English, called \"a failed attempt at Anglicization\") is the dominant term in American English and Canadian English, with \"catsup\" being the prominent term in some southern US states.", "In these dialects, \"tomato sauce\" refers to pasta sauce, and is not a synonym for ketchup.", "\"Tomato sauce\" is more common in Commonwealth English (e.g., Australia, India, New Zealand and South Africa).", "In British English, the two terms are interchangeable.", "\"Red sauce\" is used in Welsh English, Scottish English, Irish English and some parts of England, such as the Black Country, and in South London, often contrasting with brown sauce with which it is often served but in Canadian and American English, \"red sauce\" refers to red spicy sauces (or sweet and sour sauce) and is not a synonym for ketchup.", "The etymology of the word \"ketchup\" is unclear, with multiple competing theories:" ]

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[ " flour.", "Special cake flour with a high starch-to-gluten ratio is made from fine-textured, soft, low-protein wheat.", "It is strongly bleached, and compared to all-purpose flour, cake flour tends to result in cakes with a lighter, less dense texture.", "Therefore, it is frequently specified or preferred in cakes meant to be soft, light, and or bright white, such as angel food cake.", "However, if cake flour is called for, a substitute can be made by replacing a small percentage of all-purpose flour with cornstarch or removing two tablespoons from each cup of all-purpose flour.", "Some recipes explicitly specify or permit all-purpose flour, notably where a firmer or denser cake texture is desired." ]

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[ " Australian rules football — officially known as \"Australian football\", and informally as \"football\", \"footy\" or \"Aussie rules\".", "In some areas it is referred to as \"AFL\", the name of the main organising body and competition", "* Auskick — a version of Australian rules designed by the AFL for young children", "* Metro footy (or Metro rules footy) — a modified version invented by the USAFL, for use on gridiron fields in North American cities (which often lack grounds large enough for conventional Australian rules matches)", "* Kick-to-kick – informal versions of the game", "* 9-a-side footy — a more open, running variety of Australian rules, requiring 18 players in total and a proportionally smaller playing area (includes contact and non-contact varieties)", "* Rec footy — \"Recreational Football\", a modified non-contact variation of Australian rules, created by the AFL, which replaces tackles with tags", "* Touch Aussie Rules — a non-contact variation of Australian Rules played only in the United Kingdom", "* Samoa rules — localised version adapted to Samoan conditions, such as the use of rugby football fields", "* Masters Australian football (a.k.a.", "\"Superules\") — reduced contact version introduced for competitions limited to players over 30 years of age", "* Women's Australian rules football — women's competition played with a smaller ball and (sometimes) reduced contact", " Gaelic football — Played predominantly in Ireland.", "Commonly referred to as \"football\" or \"Gaelic\"", "*Ladies Gaelic football", " International rules football — a compromise code used for games between Gaelic and Australian Rules players" ]

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[ "Merchandising related to the show is an industry which generates several million dollars a year.", "In 1998, the top-selling specialty T-shirt in the United States was based on \"South Park\", and US$30 million in T-shirt sales was reached during the show's first season.", "A \"South Park\" pinball machine was released in 1999 by Sega Pinball.", "The companies Fun 4 All, Mezco Toyz, and Mirage have produced various South Park action figures, collectibles, and plush dolls.", "Comedy Central entered into an agreement with Frito-Lay to sell 1.5 million bags of Cheesy Poofs, Cartman's favorite snack from the show, at Wal-Mart until the premiere of the second half of the fifteenth season on October 5, 2011." ]

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[ "As Sandage, (1993) demonstrates, the Memorial has become a symbolically sacred venue especially for the Civil Rights movement.", "In 1939, the Daughters of the American Revolution refused to allow the African-American contralto Marian Anderson to perform before an integrated audience at the organization's Constitution Hall.", "At the suggestion of Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harold L. Ickes, the Secretary of the Interior, arranged for a performance on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday of that year, to a live audience of 70,000, and a nationwide radio audience.", "On August 28, 1963, the memorial grounds were the site of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which proved to be a high point of the American Civil Rights Movement.", "It is estimated that approximately 250,000 people came to the event, where they heard Martin Luther King, Jr., deliver his historic speech, \"I Have a Dream\", before the memorial honoring the president who had issued the Emancipation Proclamation 100 years earlier.", "The D.C. police also appreciated the location because it was surrounded on three sides by water, so that any incident could be easily contained.", "Twenty years later, on August 28, 1983, crowds gathered again to mark the 20th Anniversary Mobilization for Jobs, Peace and Freedom, to reflect on progress in gaining civil rights for African Americans and to commit to correcting continuing injustices.", "The \"I Have a Dream\" speech is such a part of the Lincoln Memorial story, that the spot on which King stood, on the landing eighteen steps below Lincoln's statue, was engraved in 2003 in recognition of the 40th anniversary of the event.", "This engraving can be easy to miss unless one walks up the very center of the steps.", "The engraving is not large and the letters have not been painted in to make them more readable.", "At the memorial on May 9, 1970, President Richard Nixon had a middle-of-the-night impromptu, brief meeting with protesters who, just days after the Kent State shootings, were preparing to march against the Vietnam War." ]

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[ " It is the opening theme from the 1987 film \"Lethal Weapon\".", " Dr. Teeth and The Electric Mayhem performed the song in the 1987 Christmas television special \"A Muppet Family Christmas\".", " Helms' original recording is featured in the film \"Cookie\" (1989).", " The song was covered in \"The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!\"", "episode \"Koopa Klaus\" in 1989.", " The song was featured in the 1992 film \"\".", " \"Jingle Bell Rock\" is an animated Christmas special first seen in 1995 on ABC, which was produced by DIC Entertainment and featured Milton Berle as one of the voice actors.", "In the Christmas special for \"Sabrina, the Teenage Witch\" in 1996, this song is performed when Sabrina and her aunts are looking for Salem, when he's kidnapped by a little boy.", " In the 2004 Lindsay Lohan comedy \"Mean Girls\", the song is performed by Cady Heron, Regina George, Gretchen Weiners and Karen Smith in their annual Christmas talent show.", " It was used in the 2008 Christmas episode of \"Chuck\".", " In a season 7 episode of \"Two and a Half Men\", Alan and Evelyn sing the song, as Charlie Harper plays the piano.", " In the fourth season Christmas episode of \"Glee\", the song is performed by Chord Overstreet in character as Sam Evans.", " The song was featured in the closing credits of \"Getaway\" (2013).", " The song is used in the ending of the \"\"How the Saints Save Christmas\"\" downloadable content for \"Saints Row IV\"." ]

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[ "Other daredevils have made crossing the gorge their goal, starting with the successful passage by Jean François \"Blondin\" Gravelet, who crossed Niagara Gorge in 1859.", "Between 1859 and 1896 there was a wire-walking craze, and there were frequent feats over the river below the falls.", "One inexperienced walker was able to slide down his safety rope.", "Only one man fell to his death, at night and under mysterious circumstances, at the anchoring place for his wire.", "These tightrope walkers drew huge crowds to witness their exploits.", "Their wires ran across the gorge, near the current Rainbow Bridge, not over the waterfall itself.", "Among the many was Ontario's William Hunt, who billed himself as \"The Great Farini\" and competed with Blondin in performing outrageous stunts over the gorge.", "On three separate occasions Blondin carried his manager, Harry Colcord, on his back—on the final time being watched by the Prince of Wales.", "In 1876 23-year-old Italian Maria Spelterini was the only woman ever to cross the Niagara Gorge on a tightrope, making four separate crossings over a period of 18 days.", "On July 12 she crossed wearing peach baskets strapped to her feet, on July 19 blind-folded, on July 22 with her ankles and wrists manacled and finally on July 26.", "Never performing again at Niagara, her personal life remains a mystery and the date and place of her death are unknown.", "Tightrope crossings of the falls ended—by law—in 1896, when James Hardy crossed.", "On June 15, 2012, high wire artist Nik Wallenda became the first person to walk across the falls in 116 years, after receiving special permission from both governments.", "The full length of his tightrope was .", "Wallenda crossed near the brink of the Horseshoe Falls, unlike previous walkers who had crossed farther downstream.", "According to Wallenda, it was the longest unsupported tightrope walk in history.", "He carried his passport on the trip and was required to present it upon arrival on the Canadian side of the falls." ]

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[ "Future World consists of a variety of pavilions that explore innovative aspects and applications including technology and science.", "Future World also serves as the park's main entrance and features the park's iconic landmark, Spaceship Earth, a large geodesic sphere structure which houses a themed attraction inside.", "Originally, each pavilion of Future World featured a unique circular logo which was featured on park signage and the attractions themselves.", "The logos, including that of Epcot itself, have been phased out over recent years, but some remnants still remain scattered throughout the park, the pavilions are now instead identified by name and recognized by the main attraction(s) housed inside.", "The various pavilions located in Future World include the following:", "Spaceship Earth", "Innoventions East", "Innoventions West", "Universe of Energy", "Test Track", "The Seas with Nemo and Friends", "The Land", "Imagination!", "Wonders of Life/Festival Center (Seasonal Operation)" ]

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[ "Picasso's Blue Period (1901–1904), characterized by somber paintings rendered in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colours, began either in Spain in early 1901, or in Paris in the second half of the year.", "Many paintings of gaunt mothers with children date from the Blue Period, during which Picasso divided his time between Barcelona and Paris.", "In his austere use of color and sometimes doleful subject matter – prostitutes and beggars are frequent subjects – Picasso was influenced by a trip through Spain and by the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas.", "Starting in autumn of 1901 he painted several posthumous portraits of Casagemas, culminating in the gloomy allegorical painting \"La Vie\" (1903), now in the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "The same mood pervades the well-known etching \"The Frugal Repast\" (1904), which depicts a blind man and a sighted woman, both emaciated, seated at a nearly bare table.", "Blindness is a recurrent theme in Picasso's works of this period, also represented in \"The Blindman's Meal\" (1903, the Metropolitan Museum of Art) and in the portrait of \"Celestina\" (1903).", "Other works include \"Portrait of Soler\" and \"Portrait of Suzanne Bloch\"." ]

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[ "Charlie Duke, Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM)", "Ronald Evans (CAPCOM)", "Owen K. Garriott (CAPCOM)", "Don L. Lind (CAPCOM)", "Ken Mattingly (CAPCOM)", "Bruce McCandless II (CAPCOM)", "Harrison Schmitt (CAPCOM)", "Bill Pogue", "Jack Swigert" ]

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[ "Seurat's painting was a mirror of \"Bathers at Asnières\", completed shortly before in 1884.", "While the bathers are doused in light, almost every figure on \"La Grande Jatte\" appears to be cast in shadow, either under trees or an umbrella, or from another person.", "Some of the characters are doing curious things.", "The lady on the right hand side has a monkey on a leash.", "A lady on the left near the river bank is fishing.", "The area was known at the time as being a place to procure prostitutes among the bourgeousie, a likely allusion of the otherwise odd \"fishing\" rod.", "In the painting's center stands a little girl dressed in white (who is not in a shadow), who stares directly at the viewer of the painting.", "This may be interpreted as someone who is silently questioning the audience, \"what will become of these people, and their class?\"", "Seurat paints their prospects bleakly, cloaked as they are in shadow and suspicion of sin.", "The border of the painting is, unusually, in inverted color, as if the world around them is also slowly inverting from the way of life they have known.", "Seen in this context, the boy who bathes on the other side of the river bank at Asnières appears to be calling out to them, as if to say \"we are the future, come and join us\"." ]

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[ "Ancient history.", "At Ain Hanech region (Saïda Province), early remnants (200,000 BC) of hominid occupation in North Africa were found.", "Neanderthal tool makers produced hand axes in the Levalloisian and Mousterian styles (43,000 BC) similar to those in the Levant.", "Algeria was the site of the highest state of development of Middle Paleolithic Flake tool techniques.", "Tools of this era, starting about 30,000 BC, are called Aterian (after the archeological site of Bir el Ater, south of Tebessa).", "The earliest blade industries in North Africa are called Iberomaurusian (located mainly in Oran region).", "This industry appears to have spread throughout the coastal regions of the Maghreb between 15,000 and 10,000 BC.", "Neolithic civilization (animal domestication and agriculture) developed in the Saharan and Mediterranean Maghrib between 6000 and 2000 BC.", "This life, richly depicted in the Tassili n'Ajjer paintings, predominated in Algeria until the classical period.", "The amalgam of peoples of North Africa coalesced eventually into a distinct native population that came to be called Berbers, who are the indigenous peoples of northern Africa.", "From their principal center of power at Carthage, the Carthaginians expanded and established small settlements along the North African coast; by 600 BC, a Phoenician presence existed at Tipasa, east of Cherchell, Hippo Regius (modern Annaba) and Rusicade (modern Skikda).", "These settlements served as market towns as well as anchorages.", "As Carthaginian power grew, its impact on the indigenous population increased dramatically.", "Berber civilization was already at a stage in which agriculture, manufacturing, trade, and political organization supported several states.", "Trade links between Carthage and the Berbers in the interior grew, but territorial expansion also resulted in the enslavement or military recruitment of some Berbers and in the extraction of tribute from others.", "By the early 4th century BC, Berbers formed the single largest element of the Carthaginian army.", "In the Revolt of the Mercenaries, Berber soldiers rebelled from 241 to 238 BC after being unpaid following the defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War.", "They succeeded in obtaining control of much of Carthage's North African territory, and they minted coins bearing the name Libyan, used in Greek to describe natives of North Africa.", "The Carthaginian state declined because of successive defeats by the Romans in the Punic Wars.", "In 146 BC the city of Carthage was destroyed.", "As Carthaginian power waned, the influence of Berber leaders in the hinterland grew.", "By the 2nd century BC, several large but loosely administered Berber kingdoms had emerged.", "Two of them were established in Numidia, behind the coastal areas controlled by Carthage.", "West of Numidia lay Mauretania, which extended across the Moulouya River in modern day Morocco to the Atlantic Ocean.", "The high point of Berber civilization, unequaled until the coming of the Almohads and Almoravids more than a millennium later, was reached during the reign of Massinissa in the 2nd century BC.", "After Masinissa's death in 148 BC, the Berber kingdoms were divided and reunited several times.", "Massinissa's line survived until 24 AD, when the remaining Berber territory was annexed to the Roman Empire.", "For several centuries Algeria was ruled by the Romans, who founded many colonies in the region.", "Like the rest of North Africa, Algeria was one of the breadbaskets of the empire, exporting cereals and other agricultural products.", "The Vandals of Geiseric moved into North Africa in 429, and by 435 controlled coastal Numidia.", "They did not make any significant settlement on the land.", "The region was later recaptured by the Eastern Roman Empire, which ruled it until the Muslim Conquest in the 7th century." ]

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[ "Bryan Singer met Kevin Spacey at a party after a screening of the young filmmaker's first film, \"Public Access\", at the 1993 Sundance Film Festival.", "Spacey had been encouraged by a number of people he knew who had seen it, and was so impressed that he told Singer and McQuarrie that he wanted to be in whatever film they did next.", "Singer read a column in \"Spy\" magazine called \"The Usual Suspects\" after Claude Rains' line in \"Casablanca.\"", "Singer thought that it would be a good title for a film.", "When asked by a reporter at Sundance what their next film was about, McQuarrie replied, \"I guess it's about a bunch of criminals who meet in a police line-up,\" which incidentally was the first visual idea that he and Singer had for the poster: \"five guys who meet in a line-up,\" Singer remembers.", "The director also envisioned a tagline for the poster, \"All of you can go to Hell.\"", "Singer then asked the question, \"What would possibly bring these five felons together in one line-up?\"", "McQuarrie revamped an idea from one of his own unpublished screenplays — the story of a man who murders his own family and walks away, disappearing from view.", "The writer mixed this with the idea of a team of criminals.Söze's character is based on the accounts of John List, a New Jersey accountant who murdered his family in 1971 and then disappeared for almost two decades, assuming a new identity before he was ultimately apprehended.", "McQuarrie based the name of Keyser Söze on one of his previous supervisors, Keyser Sume, at a Los Angeles law firm that he worked for, but decided to change the last name because he thought that his former boss would object to how it was used.", "He found the word \"söze\" in his roommate's English-to-Turkish dictionary, which translates as \"talk too much.\"", "All the characters' names are taken from staff members of the law firm at the time of his employment.", "McQuarrie had also worked for a detective agency, and this influenced the depiction of criminals and law enforcement officials in the script.", "Singer described the film as \"Double Indemnity\" meets \"Rashomon,\" and said that it was made \"so you can go back and see all sorts of things you didn't realize were there the first time.", "You can get it a second time in a way you never could have the first time around.\"", "He also compared the film's structure to \"Citizen Kane\" (which also contained an interrogator and a subject who is telling a story) and the criminal caper \"The Anderson Tapes.\"" ]

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[ "The Walt Disney Company's original concept of the Disney-MGM Studios was to operate it as a full fledged television and motion picture production facility, not just a theme park.", "In 1988, among the first feature-length movies filmed at the facility, prior to its completion and opening as a theme park, were \"Ernest Saves Christmas\" and \"Newsies\".", "When the park opened in 1989, the studio/production facilities housed two major components, the first of which was Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida, where Disney produced a number of projects, including \"Mulan\", \"Lilo & Stitch\", \"Brother Bear\", and sequences from other 1990s-early 2000s Disney animated features.", "The second, larger component was Walt Disney Studios Florida, which consisted of three sound stages used for various Disney projects including The Disney Channel's \"Mickey Mouse Club\", \"Teen Win, Lose or Draw\" and \"Adventures in Wonderland\".", "Several third party productions also used the Studios, including \"Superboy\" (first season only, from 1988–1989), \"Thunder in Paradise\", a revival of \"Let's Make a Deal\", special broadcasts of \"Wheel of Fortune\" and airplane interior sequences for the feature film \"Passenger 57\".", "In addition, a number of music videos and several tapings for World Championship Wrestling (as well as live broadcasts of WCW Monday Nitro) were also shot there.", "Even The Post Group had a Florida-based post-production facility located on the Studio lot throughout the 1990s.", "All these production and post-production facilities were constructed to be an integral part of the theme park's Backstage Studio Tour as well.", "During the closing credits of the \"Mickey Mouse Club\" (later, \"MMC\" in its final seasons) and \"Adventures in Wonderland\", the lit Disney-MGM water tower appeared on the screen and one of the cast said, \"(insert show title here) was taped at the Disney-MGM Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort, Lake Buena Vista, Florida.\"", "Disney management (including CEO Michael Eisner) decided to downsize Disney's Florida operations by closing the animation studio, laying-off personnel and then moving the operations to the main animation studio in Burbank, California.", "A radio studio is also located on the lot, appropriately behind \"Sounds Dangerous\".", "It originally housed the first children's radio network Radio Aahs which rented the studio.", "Later, Disney founded Radio Disney and essentially drove Radio Aahs out of business.", "Radio Disney decided it was no longer profitable to operate in Florida so they moved all of their shows from the Disney-MGM Studios to the Radio Disney headquarters in Dallas, Texas and the once bustling Disney Studios Florida radio studios are now used as remote studios for radio shows that are visiting Disney or the Orlando area and need a broadcast facility." ]

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[ "After the Versailles conference Wilson claimed that \"at last the world knows America as the savior of the world!", "\"The Republican Party—led by Henry Cabot Lodge—controlled the U.S. Senate after the election of 1918, but the Senators were divided into multiple positions on the Versailles question.", "It proved possible to build a majority coalition, but impossible to build a two-thirds coalition that was needed to pass a treaty.", "An angry bloc of 12–18 \"Irreconcilables\", mostly Republicans but also representatives of the Irish and German Democrats, fiercely opposed the Treaty.", "One block of Democrats strongly supported the Versailles Treaty, even with reservations added by Lodge.", "A second group of Democrats supported the Treaty but followed Wilson in opposing any amendments or reservations.", "The largest bloc—led by Senator Lodge— comprised a majority of the Republicans.", "They wanted a treaty with reservations, especially on Article X, which involved the power of the League of Nations to make war without a vote by the U.S. Congress.", "All of the Irreconcilables were bitter enemies of President Wilson, and he launched a nationwide speaking tour in the summer of 1919 to refute them.", "However, Wilson collapsed midway with a serious stroke that effectively ruined his leadership skills.", "The closest the Treaty came to passage was on November 19, 1919, as Lodge and his Republicans formed a coalition with the pro-Treaty Democrats, and were close to a two-thirds majority for a Treaty with reservations, but Wilson rejected this compromise and enough Democrats followed his lead to permanently end the chances for ratification.", "Among the American public as a whole, the Irish Catholics and the German Americans were intensely opposed to the Treaty, saying it favored the British.", "After Wilson's successor Warren G. Harding continued American opposition to the League of Nations, Congress passed the Knox–Porter Resolution bringing a formal end to hostilities between the U.S. and the Central Powers.", "It was signed into law by Harding on July 21, 1921.", "The U.S.–German Peace Treaty of 1921 was signed in Berlin on , the US–Austrian Peace Treaty of 1921 was signed in Vienna on , and the US–Hungarian Peace Treaty of 1921 was signed in Budapest on ." ]

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[ "The location of Kennedy's wounds suggested that his assailant had stood behind him, but some witnesses said that Sirhan faced west as Kennedy moved through the pantry facing east.", "This has led to the suggestion that a second gunman actually fired the fatal shot, a possibility supported by coroner Thomas Noguchi who stated that the fatal shot was behind Kennedy's right ear and had been fired at a distance of approximately one inch.", "Other witnesses, though, said that as Sirhan approached, Kennedy was turning to his left shaking hands, facing north and so exposing his right side.", "As recently as 2008, eyewitness John Pilger asserted his belief that there must have been a second gunman.", "During a re-examination of the case in 1975, the Los Angeles Superior Court ordered expert examination of the possibility of a second gun having been used, and the conclusion of the experts was that there was little or no evidence to support this theory.", "In 2007, analysis of an audio tape recording of the shooting made by freelance reporter Stanislaw Pruszynski appeared to indicate, according to forensic expert Philip Van Praag, that thirteen shots were fired, even though Sirhan's gun held only eight rounds.", "Van Praag states that the recording also reveals at least two cases where the timing between shots was shorter than physically possible.", "The presence of more than eight shots on the tape was corroborated by forensic audio specialists Wes Dooley and Paul Pegas of Audio Engineering Associates in Pasadena, California, forensic audio and ballistics expert Eddy B. Brixen in Copenhagen, Denmark, and audio specialist Phil Spencer Whitehead of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia.", "Some other acoustic experts, however, have stated that no more than eight shots were recorded on the audio tape.", "On February 22, 2012, Sirhan's lawyers, William Pepper and Laurie Dusek, filed a court brief in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles claiming that a second gunman fired the shots that killed Kennedy.", "It was the fourth and final in a series of federal briefs filed under the writ of habeas corpus by Pepper and Dusek beginning in October 2010.", "A ruling is now pending in the Sirhan federal case." ]

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[ "The film has no overall worldwide distributor, but Blu-ray discs have been released in Canada and Australia.", "The first release occurred in Canada in September 2008 by TVA Films.", "This version did not contain any English subtitles and received criticisms regarding picture quality.", "In November 2009, an Australian release occurred.", "This time the version contained English subtitles and features no region coding.", "Momentum Pictures released a Blu-ray in the UK on 17 October 2011.", "The film is also available on HD on iTunes and other digital download services." ]

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[ "Released on July 9, 2010, in the United States, \"Despicable Me\" opened at the number one spot at the box office and pulled in $56.3 million, making it the third biggest opening grossing for an animated film in 2010 behind \"Toy Story 3\" and \"Shrek Forever After\".", "In its second weekend, the film dipped 42% to second place behind \"Inception\" with $32.8 million earned.", "The film then had another drop of 27% in its third weekend and finished in third place with $23.8 million.", "On August 5, 2010, the film crossed the $200 million mark, becoming the first Universal film to reach the milestone since 2007's \"The Bourne Ultimatum\".", "On the weekend lasting from September 3–5, 2010, it surpassed \"Shrek Forever After\" to become the second highest-grossing animated film of 2010 in the United States and Canada, behind \"Toy Story 3\".", "It was also the highest-grossing non-DreamWorks/non-Disney·Pixar animated film of all time in these territories, since overtaken by its sequel.", "The film has made $251,513,985 in the United States and Canada as well as an estimated $291,600,000 internationally for a worldwide total of $543,010,705, against its $69 million budget.", "This film is also Universal's sixth highest-grossing film (unadjusted for inflation) and the tenth-highest-grossing animated feature of all-time in North America.", "In worldwide earnings, it is the sixth biggest film of Universal Studios, the fourth highest-grossing animated film of 2010 trailing \"Toy Story 3\", \"Shrek Forever After\", and \"Tangled\", the 25th highest-grossing animated film of all time and the 9th highest-grossing film of 2010." ]

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[ "In February 2013, Kitsis & Horowitz, along with producers Zack Estrin and Jane Espenson, developed a spin-off focusing on Lewis Carroll's \"Wonderland\".", "The series was given the proposed title \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\".", "A \"teaser presentation\" began shooting in April 2013, with the pilot being shot in late July or August.", "On May 10, 2013, ABC announced that it had green-lit the spin-off and on May 14, 2013, announced that the spin-off would air in the Thursday night 8:00pm time slot instead of making it a fill-in for the parent series, which had been hinted in the early stages.", "The series premiered on October 10, 2013, for a thirteen-episode run that will end on April 3, 2014." ]

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[ "Between 3000 and 2500 BC new settlers (Corded Ware culture) arrived in eastern Norway.", "They were Indo-European farmers who grew grain and kept cows and sheep.", "The hunting-fishing population of the west coast was also gradually replaced by farmers, though hunting and fishing remained useful secondary means of livelihood.", "From about 1500 BC bronze was gradually introduced, but the use of stone implements continued; Norway had few riches to barter for bronze goods, and the few finds consist mostly of elaborate weapons and brooches that only chieftains could afford.", "Huge burial cairns built close to the sea as far north as Harstad and also inland in the south are characteristic of this period.", "The motifs of the rock carvings differ from those typical of the Stone Age.", "Representations of the Sun, animals, trees, weapons, ships, and people are all strongly stylised." ]

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[ "Warhol died in New York City at 6:32 am on February 22, 1987.", "According to news reports, he had been making good recovery from a routine gallbladder surgery at New York Hospital before dying in his sleep from a sudden post-operative cardiac arrhythmia.", "Prior to his diagnosis and operation, Warhol delayed having his recurring gallbladder problems checked, as he was afraid to enter hospitals and see doctors.", "His family sued the hospital for inadequate care, saying that the arrhythmia was caused by improper care and water intoxication.", "The malpractice case was quickly settled out of court; Warhol's family received an undisclosed sum of money.", "Warhol's body was taken back to Pittsburgh by his brothers for burial.", "The wake was at Thomas P. Kunsak Funeral Home and was an open-coffin ceremony.", "The coffin was a solid bronze casket with gold plated rails and white upholstery.", "Warhol was dressed in a black cashmere suit, a paisley tie, a platinum wig, and sunglasses.", "He was posed holding a small prayer book and a red rose.", "The funeral liturgy was held at the Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church on Pittsburgh's North Side.", "The eulogy was given by Monsignor Peter Tay.", "Yoko Ono and John Richardson were speakers.", "The coffin was covered with white roses and asparagus ferns.", "After the liturgy, the coffin was driven to St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery in Bethel Park, a south suburb of Pittsburgh.", "At the grave, the priest said a brief prayer and sprinkled holy water on the casket.", "Before the coffin was lowered, Paige Powell dropped a copy of \"Interview\" magazine, an \"Interview\" T-shirt, and a bottle of the Estee Lauder perfume \"Beautiful\" into the grave.", "Warhol was buried next to his mother and father.", "A memorial service was held in Manhattan for Warhol on April 1, 1987, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York." ]

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[ "Parks and Recreation is an American comedy television series on the NBC television network, starring Amy Poehler as Leslie Knope, a perky, mid-level bureaucrat in the parks department of Pawnee, a fictional town in Indiana.", "Conceived by Greg Daniels and Michael Schur, the series debuted on April 9, 2009 and is currently airing its sixth season, which began on September 26, 2013.", "The show was renewed for a seventh season by NBC on January 19, 2014.", "It uses a single-camera, mockumentary filming style, with the implication being that a documentary crew is filming everyone.", "The ensemble and supporting cast features Amy Poehler, Rashida Jones, Aziz Ansari, Nick Offerman, Aubrey Plaza, Paul Schneider, Chris Pratt, Adam Scott, Rob Lowe, Jim O'Heir, and Retta.", "The writers researched local California politics for the show, and consulted with urban planners and elected officials.", "Poehler's character of Leslie Knope underwent minor changes after the first season in response to audience feedback that she seemed unintelligent and \"ditzy\".", "The writing staff tried to incorporate current events into their episodes, such as a government shutdown in Pawnee inspired by the real-life global financial crisis.", "Several guest stars have been featured in the show, and these characters often appear in multiple episodes.", "\"Parks and Recreation\" received generally mixed reviews during its first season.", "However, after a reapproach to its format and tone, its second and subsequent seasons received much higher critical acclaim.", "\"Parks and Recreation\" has received several awards and nominations, including a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Comedy Series, four Emmy nominations and a Golden Globe win for Poehler's performance, and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy.", "In \"Time\"s 2012 year-end lists issue, \"Parks and Recreation\" was named the number one television series.", "In 2013, after receiving four consecutive nominations in the category, \"Parks and Recreation\" won the Television Critics Association Award for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy.", "\"Parks and Recreation\" has regularly been a part of NBC's \"Comedy Night Done Right\" programming during their Thursday night prime-time block." ]

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[ "The Matrix is a 1999 American–Australian science fiction action film written and directed by The Wachowski Brothers, starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Hugo Weaving, and Joe Pantoliano.", "It depicts a dystopian future in which reality as perceived by most humans is actually a simulated reality called \"the Matrix\", created by sentient machines to subdue the human population, while their bodies' heat and electrical activity are used as an energy source.", "Computer programmer \"Neo\" learns this truth and is drawn into a rebellion against the machines, which involves other people who have been freed from the \"dream world\".", "\"The Matrix\" is known for popularizing a visual effect known as \"bullet time\", in which the heightened perception of certain characters is represented by allowing the action within a shot to progress in slow-motion while the camera's viewpoint appears to move through the scene at normal speed.", "The film is an example of the cyberpunk science fiction genre.", "It contains numerous references to philosophical and religious ideas, and prominently pays homage to works such as Plato's Allegory of the Cave, Jean Baudrillard's \"Simulacra and Simulation\" and Lewis Carroll's \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\".", "The Wachowskis' approach to action scenes drew upon their admiration for Japanese animation and martial arts films, and the film's use of fight choreographers and wire fu techniques from Hong Kong action cinema was influential upon subsequent Hollywood action film productions.", "\"The Matrix\" was first released in the United States on , 1999, and grossed over $460 million worldwide.", "It was generally well-received by critics, and won four Academy Awards as well as other accolades including BAFTA Awards and Saturn Awards.", "Reviewers praised \"The Matrix\" for its innovative visual effects, cinematography and its entertainment.", "The film's premise was both criticized for being derivative of earlier science fiction works, and praised for being intriguing.", "The action also polarized critics, some describing it as impressive, but others dismissing it as a trite distraction from an interesting premise.", "Despite this, the film has since appeared in lists of the greatest science fiction films,--> and in 2012, was added to the National Film Registry for preservation.", "The success of the film led to the release of two feature film sequels, both written and directed by the Wachowski Brothers, \"The Matrix Reloaded\" and \"The Matrix Revolutions\".", "The \"Matrix\" franchise was further expanded through the production of comic books, video games, and animated short films in which the Wachowskis were heavily involved." ]

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[ "Curling is a sport in which players slide stones on a sheet of ice towards a target area which is segmented into four concentric rings.", "It is related to bowls, boules and shuffleboard.", "Two teams, each of four players, take turns sliding heavy, polished granite stones, also called \"rocks\", across the ice \"curling sheet\" towards the \"house\", a circular target marked on the ice.", "Each team has eight stones.", "The purpose is to accumulate the highest score for a \"game\"; points are scored for the stones resting closest to the centre of the house at the conclusion of each \"end\", which is completed when both teams have thrown all of their stones.", "A game may consist of ten or eight ends.", "The curler can induce a curved path by causing the stone to slowly turn as it slides, and the path of the rock may be further influenced by two sweepers with brooms who accompany it as it slides down the sheet, using the brooms to alter the state of the ice in front of the stone.", "A great deal of strategy and teamwork go into choosing the ideal path and placement of a stone for each situation, and the skills of the curlers determine how close to the desired result the stone will achieve.", "This gives curling its nickname of \"chess on ice\"." ]

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[ "The series first appeared on ABC's development slate in October 2010.", "On January 14, 2011, ABC placed a pilot order, written by Emily Kapnek and directed by Michael Fresco, who also serve as executive producers.", "The half-hour comedy is produced by Warner Bros. Television.", "Casting announcements began in February 2011, with Jane Levy the first actor cast, playing the role of Tessa Altman, a Manhattan teen who has been raised for the last fifteen years by a single father, George.", "Tessa dreads the idea of living in the suburbs.", "Next to join the series was Alan Tudyk in the role of Noah Werner, George's college buddy and a dentist who moved to the suburbs some years earlier.", "Allie Grant then joined the series as Lisa Shay, a socially awkward girl at school who befriends Tessa.", "Jeremy Sisto and Carly Chaikin followed with Sisto playing George Altman, Tessa's architect father who moves her from Manhattan to the suburbs, and Chaikin playing Dalia Royce, Tessa's neighbor who quickly becomes her nemesis at school.", "Cheryl Hines was next cast in the role of Dallas Royce, a well-to-do housewife and the mother of Dalia.", "She tells George that her absentee husband (Jay Mohr) \"travels a lot\".", "Rex Lee was the last actor cast, playing Mr. Wolfe, Tessa's clueless high school guidance counselor.", "He was originally a guest star but was upped to a series regular after the pilot.", "\"Saturday Night Live\" (\"SNL\") alumna Ana Gasteyer plays the Altmans' domineering neighbor, Sheila Shay, whom they vainly try to avoid.", "Fellow \"SNL\" alum Chris Parnell plays Fred, her husband, who toes the line.", "The Shays have two children: Lisa, who is Tessa's closest thing to a friend, and Ryan (Parker Young).", "On May 13, 2011, ABC ordered the pilot to series, to air in the fall of the 2011–12 United States network television schedule.", "\"Suburgatory\" premiered on September 28, 2011 and currently airs on Wednesday nights at 8:30/7:30 central following \"The Middle\".", "After initially ordering 11 episodes, ABC picked up \"Suburgatory\" for a full season on October 13, 2011.", "On December 16, 2011, it was announced that Alicia Silverstone would have a recurring role as Eden, a potential love interest for single father George.", "This marked the third time Silverstone and Jeremy Sisto had worked together, since first working on the 1995 American comedy film \"Clueless\", and the 1995 thriller \"Hideaway\".", "On March 23, 2012, ABC announced that the series was renewed for the 2012–2013 television season.", "It would air after \"Modern Family\", on 9:30/8:30 central timeslot replacing the new series \"The Neighbors\" which was originally scheduled to air in that timeslot." ]

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[ "In 1975, following increasing sectarian tensions, a full-scale civil war broke out in Lebanon.", "The Lebanese Civil War pitted a coalition of Christian groups against the joint forces of the PLO, left-wing Druze and Muslim militias.", "In June 1976 Syria sent in its own troops, ostensibly to restore peace.", "In October 1976 the Arab League agreed to establish a predominantly Syrian Arab Deterrent Force, which was charged with restoring calm.", "In 1982, the PLO presence in Lebanon led to an Israeli invasion.", "A multinational force of American, French and Italian contingents (joined in 1983 by a British contingent) were deployed in Beirut after the Israeli siege of the city, to supervise the evacuation of the PLO.", "It returned in September 1982 after the assassination of Bashir Gemayel and subsequent fighting, during which a number of massacres were committed, such as in Damour, in Sabra and Shatila, and in several refugee camps.", "The multinational force was withdrawn in the spring of 1984, following a devastating bombing attack during the previous year.", "According to a videotape released by Osama Bin Laden in 2004, images of the bombing of Lebanon were what made him conceive the attack on the United States on the 11th of September 2001, in order to deter further attacks resulting in the deaths of women and children.", "In September 1988, the Parliament failed to elect a successor to President Gemayel as a result of differences between the Christians and the Muslims and Syrians.", "The Arab League Summit of May 1989 led to the formation of a Saudi-Moroccan-Algerian committee to solve the crisis.", "On 16 September 1989 the committee issued a peace plan which was accepted by all.", "A ceasefire was established, the ports and airports were re-opened and refugees began to return.", "In the same month, the Lebanese Parliament agreed to the Taif Agreement, which included an outline timetable for Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon and a formula for the de-confessionalisation of the Lebanese political system.", "The war ended at the end of 1990 after sixteen years, resulting in massive loss of human life and property, while devastating the country's economy.", "It is estimated that 150,000 people were killed and another 200,000 wounded.", "Some 900,000 people, representing one-fifth of the pre-war population, were displaced from their homes.", "Parts of Lebanon were left in ruins.", "The Taif Agreement has still not been implemented in full and Lebanon's political system continues to be divided along sectarian lines." ]

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[ "The construction of Grand Central created a mini-city within New York, including the Commodore Hotel and various office buildings.", "It spurred construction throughout the neighborhood in the 1920s including the Chrysler Building.", "In 1928, the New York Central built its headquarters in a 34-story building (now called the Helmsley Building) straddling Park Avenue on the north side of the Terminal.", "There is a \"secret\" platform, number 61, under the station.", "This was once used to convey President Franklin D. Roosevelt directly into the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.", "This platform was part of the original design of the Waldorf Astoria.", "It was mentioned in \"The New York Times\" in 1929 but was first used by General Pershing in 1938.", "From 1939 to 1964 CBS Television occupied a large portion of the terminal building, particularly above the main waiting room.", "The space contained two production studios (41 and 42), two \"program control\" facilities (43 and 44), network master control, and facilities for local station WCBS-TV.", "In 1958, the first major videotape operations facility in the world opened in a former rehearsal room on the seventh floor of the main terminal building.", "The facility used fourteen Ampex VR-1000 videotape recorders.", "The \"CBS Evening News\" began its broadcasts there with Douglas Edwards.", "Many historic news events were broadcast from this location, such as John Glenn's Mercury-Atlas 6 space mission and Walter Cronkite's coverage of the assassination of John F. Kennedy.", "Edward R. Murrow's \"See It Now\" originated from Grand Central, including his famous broadcasts on Senator Joseph McCarthy.", "The Murrow broadcasts were recreated in George Clooney's movie \"Good Night, and Good Luck\", although the CBS News and corporate offices were not actually in the same building as the film implies.", "The long-running panel show \"What's My Line?\"", "was first broadcast from the GCT studios, as were \"The Goldbergs\" and \"Mama\".", "The facility's operations were later moved to the CBS Broadcast Center.", "In 1966, the former studio space was converted to a sports club with two tennis courts and was operated by Donald Trump from 1984 to 2009.", "The space is currently occupied by a conductor lounge and a smaller sports facility with a single tennis court." ]

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[ "Use in motion pictures.", "The production and consumption of ramen was a large part of the 1985 Japanese comedy film \"Tampopo\" by director Juzo Itami.", "Two truck drivers, Goro and Gun (Tsutomu Yamazaki and Ken Watanabe), help the widowed Tampopo (Nobuko Miyamoto) with her failing ramen shop.", "Food in every aspect of life is the overarching theme, but the art of good ramen is touched upon several times throughout the film as Goro and Gun help her learn how to make the best ramen." ]

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[ "The song reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming the duo's first number one hit in the US, and remained there for six straight weeks.", "The song spent 68 weeks on the chart, becoming the third most total weeks on Billboard Hot 100 history.", "It topped the 7 million downloads mark in the United States in July 2012, becoming the second fastest song in digital history to reach this plateau (in 68 weeks) just behind Adele's \"Rolling in the Deep\" which achieved it in 67 weeks, and the third-biggest selling digital single since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking digital sales in 2003.", "It has also sold 7,695,000 copies in the US as of May 2013, and over one million copies in the UK.", "The song spent eleven weeks at number one in New Zealand and ten weeks in Australia.", "It is the longest-running number one single in New Zealand since Smashproof's hit single \"Brother\" in 2009, selling over 45,000 copies there, whereas in Australia, it is the longest-running number-one single since \"I Wish I Was a Punk Rocker (With Flowers in My Hair)\" by Sandi Thom in 2006 and the best-selling single of 2011.", "Certified thirteen-times platinum, it is the second biggest-selling single of all time in Australia, behind only Elton John's \"Candle in the Wind 1997\"." ]

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[ "Italy has a very broad and diverse architectural style, which cannot be simply classified by period, but also by region, because of Italy's division into several regional states until 1861.", "This has created a highly diverse and eclectic range in architectural designs.", "Italy is known for its considerable architectural achievements, such as the construction of arches, domes and similar structures during ancient Rome, the founding of the Renaissance architectural movement in the late-14th to 16th centuries, and being the homeland of Palladianism, a style of construction which inspired movements such as that of Neoclassical architecture, and influenced the designs which noblemen built their country houses all over the world, notably in the UK, Australia and the US during the late 17th to early 20th centuries.", "Several of the finest works in Western architecture, such as the Colosseum, the Milan Cathedral and Florence cathedral, the Leaning Tower of Pisa and the building designs of Venice are found in Italy.", "Italian architecture has also widely influenced the architecture of the world.", "British architect Inigo Jones, inspired by the designs of Italian buildings and cities, brought back the ideas of Italian Renaissance architecture to 17th-century England, being inspired by Andrea Palladio.", "Additionally, Italianate architecture, popular abroad since the 19th century, was used to describe foreign architecture which was built in an Italian style, especially modelled on Renaissance architecture." ]

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[ "In the United States, the song debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart on September 28, 2011, at number 16.", "\"We Found Love\" became the singer's second highest debut on the chart out of her 31 Hot 100 chart entries, with the highest being Rihanna's collaboration with Eminem, \"Love the Way You Lie\", which debuted at number two in July 2010.", "The following week, \"We Found Love\" rose to number nine, giving Rihanna the record for a solo artist to have amassed twenty top-ten singles in the history of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in the shortest amount of time.", "Rihanna achieved the feat in a time span of six years and four months, surpassing the record previously held by Madonna who managed the achievement in a time span of six years and nine months.", "In its sixth week on the chart, the song reached number one, giving Rihanna her eleventh number-one single thus making her only the seventh artist in the 53-year history of the chart to amass at least eleven number-one singles, behind The Beatles (20), Mariah Carey (18), Michael Jackson (13), Madonna (12), The Supremes (12) and tying with Whitney Houston.", "Additionally, Rihanna moved into third place, tied with Houston, for the female artist with the most number-one singles on the chart, behind Carey and Madonna.", "\"We Found Love\" spent 10 consecutive weeks and two additional weeks (after 3 weeks at number two) at the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, surpassing \"Umbrella\" as Rihanna's longest number-one single in the country, and was the longest-running number one of 2011.", "It was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipping more than 4 million digital copies.", "As of May 2013, the song has sold 5 million digital copies in the US.", "On August 1, 2013, \"Billboard\" announced that \"We Found Love\" is the 24th biggest Hot 100 hit of all time in the chart's 55 year history.", "\"We Found Love\" debuted at number seven on the US Hot Digital Songs chart, with digital download sales of 117,000 after only four days according to Nielsen SoundScan.", "In its fifth week, the song rose to number one, with sales of 231,000 copies, giving Rihanna her eleventh number-one song on the chart, further extending her record as the artist with the most number ones.", "The song spent a second week at number one on the chart, with sales of 243,000 copies, bringing total sales to 1,057,000 copies sold, marking Rihanna's twentieth download to reach the million-selling milestone, extending her record for the most such downloads among women.", "On October 12, 2011, the song debuted at number 39 on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart and number 21 on the Pop Songs chart.", "It eventually reached number one on both charts.", "It is, as of 2013, the most recent song to spend at least two consecutive weeks atop the US Hot Dance Club chart.", "\"We Found Love\" also peaked at numbers three and two on the US Latin Songs and Latin Pop Songs charts, becoming Rihanna's highest-charting single on both charts.", "Furthermore, the song reached the top spot on the Canadian Hot 100 chart." ]

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[ "Specific subfields.", "Solar astronomy.", "At a distance of about eight light-minutes, the most frequently studied star is the Sun, a typical main-sequence dwarf star of stellar class G2 V, and about 4.6 billion years (Gyr) old.", "The Sun is not considered a variable star, but it does undergo periodic changes in activity known as the sunspot cycle.", "This is an 11-year fluctuation in sunspot numbers.", "Sunspots are regions of lower-than- average temperatures that are associated with intense magnetic activity.", "The Sun has steadily increased in luminosity over the course of its life, increasing by 40% since it first became a main-sequence star.", "The Sun has also undergone periodic changes in luminosity that can have a significant impact on the Earth.", "The Maunder minimum, for example, is believed to have caused the Little Ice Age phenomenon during the Middle Ages.", "The visible outer surface of the Sun is called the photosphere.", "Above this layer is a thin region known as the chromosphere.", "This is surrounded by a transition region of rapidly increasing temperatures, and finally by the super-heated corona.", "At the center of the Sun is the core region, a volume of sufficient temperature and pressure for nuclear fusion to occur.", "Above the core is the radiation zone, where the plasma conveys the energy flux by means of radiation.", "Above that are the outer layers that form a convection zone where the gas material transports energy primarily through physical displacement of the gas.", "It is believed that this convection zone creates the magnetic activity that generates sun spots.", "A solar wind of plasma particles constantly streams outward from the Sun until, at the outermost limit of the solar system, it reaches the heliopause.", "This solar wind interacts with the magnetosphere of the Earth to create the Van Allen radiation belts about the Earth, as well as the aurora where the lines of the Earth's magnetic field descend into the atmosphere." ]

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[ "", "\"30 Rock\" premiered its fifth season on September 23, 2010 in the Thursday 8:30 p.m. time slot.", "An episode of 30 Rock's fifth season was filmed and broadcast live, twice, on the evening of October 14, 2010.", "The two separate recordings resulted in a live telecast of the episode to American viewers in both the West and East Coast, to ensure both would view a live performance.", "Filmed in front of a live audience, the episode aired at 8:30 pm EDT and PDT on NBC.", "A ratings success, the episode was also met with positive reviews.", "\"30 Rock\" moved to the 10/9c from January 20, 2011.", "Season 5 focuses on Liz Lemon's continuing relationship with Carol Burnett (Matt Damon), Jack's start into fatherhood with fiancée Avery (Elizabeth Banks), struggling with the merger of NBCUniversal with Kabletown, Tracy's foray into getting an EGOT, and Kenneth's attempt to get back to NBC.", "Aside from featuring the return of Rachel Dratch in the Live Show, other guest stars include Matt Damon, Elizabeth Banks, Susan Sarandon (as Frank's former teacher- who was in prison due to their relationship while he was a student- and present girlfriend), Paul Giamatti, Sherri Shepherd, Queen Latifah, Rob Reiner, John Amos, Jon Hamm, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Bill Hader, Chris Parnell, Kelsey Grammer, Buck Henry, David Gregory, John Slattery, Daniel Sunjata, Will Forte, Kelly Coffield Park, Elaine Stritch, Dr. Condoleezza Rice, Alan Alda, Cheyenne Jackson, Robert De Niro, Dean Winters, Ken Howard, Vanessa Minnillo, Brian Williams, Richard Belzer, Ice-T, John Cho, Chloë Grace Moretz, Terrance Mann (as oceanographer Robert Ballard), Cristin Milioti (as Abby Flynn in \"TGS Hates Women\"), Eion Bailey, Adriane Lenox, Michael Keaton, Margaret Cho (as Avery's kidnapper, Korean dictator Kim Jong-il), and Tom Hanks." ]

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[ "Set in a steampunk world, Guetta plays a mad scientist creating his very own Nicki Minaj from mechanical parts.", "The clip opens on Guetta, perhaps trying out some early cosmetic-surgery tactics, putting the final touches on his Minaj doll plans.", "Then it focuses on the mechanisms behind the Nicki being: latex lips, brass wiring, tubing and various other gizmos.", "As the song hits the chorus for the first time, fans get a view of his creation.", "Her plastic skin is shiny and completely bare as she slowly transforms into the very human-looking Nicki.", "Seemingly pleased with his creation, Guetta unleashes it onto the world.", "The entrance to the second verse shows Minaj, dressed in a long black dress, black top hat and shocking pink hip-length hair, leaving Guetta's studio through two black gates and is now free to roam the streets, filled with other doll-like creatures who can't help but stare at Guetta's incredibly lifelike creation.", "With Minaj continuing her journey through town, the other jealous doll creatures make their way to Guetta's lab, where he begins to work on them too, giving them more lifelike appearances.", "The female creatures then discover that he is a doll himself, however, his interior resembles chainmail.", "The female dolls then start to feel him.", "Meanwhile, Nicki is surrounded by the male dolls as she belts out the song.", "As the video finishes, Minaj is spotted riding her horse around town, as the female dolls make their escape from Guetta's place of business." ]

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[ "Dalí had been greatly interested in nuclear physics since the first atomic bomb explosions of August 1945, and described the atom as his \"favourite food for thought\".", "Recognising that matter was made up of atoms which did not touch each other, he sought to replicate this in his art at the time, with items suspended and not interacting with each other, such as in \"The Madonna of Port Lligat\".", "This painting was also symbolic of his attempt to reconcile his new faith in Catholicism with nuclear physics.", "His friend, painter Antoni Pitxot, recalled that Dalí held in high regard the depth of perspective in the painting and the spheres he had painted.", "Dalí wished for this painting to be displayed on an easel, which had been owned by French painter Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier, in a suite of three rooms called the Palace of the Winds (named for the \"tramontana\") in the Dalí Theatre and Museum in Figueres.", "It remains on display there to this day.", "It was transported to and exhibited at the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne in 2009, along with many other Dalí paintings in the \"Liquid Desire\" exhibition. " ]

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[ "Logging, along with cultivation practices has devastated tree cover, causing severe environmental degradation in the country.", "Over 80 per cent of Sarawak's rainforest has been cleared.", "Floods in East Malaysia have been worsened by the loss of trees, and over 60 per cent of the Peninsular's forest have been cleared.", "With current rates of deforestation, the forests are predicted to be extinct by 2020.", "Deforestation is a major problem for animals, fungi and plants, as the forest is cut to make room for plantations.", "Most remaining forest is found inside national parks.", "Habitat destruction has proved a threat for marine life.", "Illegal fishing is another major threat, with fishing methods such as dynamite fishing and poisoning depleting marine ecosystems.", "Leatherback turtle numbers have dropped 98 per cent since the 1950s.", "Hunting has also been an issue for some animals, with overconsumption and the use of animal parts for profit endangering many animals, from marine life to tigers.", "Marine life is also detrimentally affected by uncontrolled tourism.", "The Malaysian government aims to balance economic growth with environmental protection, but has been accused of favouring big business over the environment.", "Some state governments are now trying to counter the environmental impact and pollution created by deforestation; and the federal government is trying to cut logging by 10 per cent each year.", "28 national parks have been established; 23 in East Malaysia and five in the Peninsular.", "Tourism has been limited in biodiverse areas such as Sipadan island.", "Animal trafficking is a large issue, and the Malaysian government is holding talks with the governments of Brunei and Indonesia to standardise anti-trafficking laws." ]

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[ "Central Asian tribesmen (after the domestication of the horse) and American Plains Indians (after gaining access to horses) became extremely adept at archery on horseback.", "Lightly armoured, but highly mobile archers were excellently suited to warfare in the Central Asian steppes, and they formed a large part of armies that repeatedly conquered large areas of Eurasia.", "Shorter bows are more suited to use on horseback, and the composite bow enabled mounted archers to use powerful weapons.", "Empires throughout the Eurasian landmass often strongly associated their respective \"barbarian\" counterparts with the usage of the bow and arrow, to the point where powerful states like the Han Dynasty referred to their neighbours, the Xiong-nu, as \"Those Who Draw the Bow\" For example, Xiong-nu mounted bowmen made them more than a match for the Han military, and their threat was at least partially responsible for Chinese expansion into the Ordos region, to create a stronger, more powerful buffer zone against them.", "It is possible that \"barbarian\" peoples were responsible for introducing archery or certain types of bows to their \"civilized\" counterparts—the Xiong-nu and the Han being one example.", "Similarly, short bows seem to have been introduced to Japan by northeast Asian groups." ]

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[ "According to the director Haifaa al-Mansour, it took five years to make \"Wadjda\".", "Most of the time was spent trying to find financial backing and getting filming permission, since she insisted on filming in Saudi Arabia for reasons of authenticity.", "She received backing from Rotana, the film production company of Prince Alwaleed bin Talal.", "However, she was very interested in finding a foreign co-producer because \"in Saudi there are no movie theatres, there is no film industry to speak of and, therefore, little money for investment\".", "After being chosen for a Sundance Institute writer's lab in Jordan, al-Mansour got in touch with the German production company Razor Film, which had previously produced films with Middle-Eastern topics (\"Paradise Now\" and \"Waltz with Bashir\").", "The production involved co-operation with two German public TV broadcasters, Norddeutscher Rundfunk and Bayerischer Rundfunk.", "Additional funding came from (FFA, Berlin); Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg GmbH (MBB, Potsdam); Mitteldeutsche Medienförderung GmbH (MDM, Leipzig) and Filmfonds Babelsberg (ILB, Potsdam-Babelsberg).", "Al-Mansour's screenplay was influenced by neorealist cinema like Vittorio de Sica's \"Bicycle Thieves\", Jafar Panahi's \"Offside\" or \"Rosetta\".", "The final scene recalls the final scene of François Truffaut 's The 400 Blows.", "Al-Mansour says that the original version of her screenplay was much bleaker than the finished product: \"I decided I didn't want the film to carry a slogan and scream, but just to create a story where people can laugh and cry a little.\"", "Al-Mansour based the character of Wadjda on one of her nieces and also on her own experiences when growing up.", "The main themes of the story are freedom, as represented by the bicycle, and the fear of emotional abandonment, as Wadjda's father wants to take a second wife who will provide him with a son.", "\"Wadjda\" was filmed on the streets of Riyadh, which often made it necessary for the director to work from the back of a van, as she could not publicly mix with the men in the crew.", "Often, she could only communicate via walkie-talkie and had to watch the actors on a monitor.", "This made it difficult to direct: \"It made me realise the need to rehearse and to develop an understanding for each scene before we shot it.\"", "Waad Mohammed, who plays Wadjda, was a first time actress." ]

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[ "Digital download", " \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" – 4:04", " \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" (Radio Mix) – 3:33", "Digital download – Remix", " \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" – 4:33", "7\" Vinyl single", " \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" – 4:04", " \"Bronte\" – 3:13", "CD single", " \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" – 4:04", " \"Easy Way Out\" – 1:57" ]

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[ "The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation.", "On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons systems.", "The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Korolev.", "He had been involved in space clubs and early Soviet rocket design in the 1930s, but was arrested in 1938 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge and imprisoned for six years in Siberia.", "After the war, he became the USSR's chief rocket and spacecraft engineer, essentially the Soviet counterpart to von Braun.", "His identity was kept a state secret throughout the Cold War, and he was identified publicly only as \"the Chief Designer.\"", "In the West, his name was only officially revealed when he died in 1966.", "After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about northwest of Moscow.", "They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design, but were used as problem-solving consultants to the Soviet engineers.", "They helped in the following areas: the creation of a Soviet version of the A-4; work on \"organizational schemes\"; research in improving the A-4 main engine; development of a 100-ton engine; assistance in the \"layout\" of plant production rooms; and preparation of rocket assembly using German components.", "With their help, particularly Helmut Groettrup's group, Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket, the R-1, in 1948.", "Later, he developed his own distinct designs, though many of these designs were influenced by the Groettrup Group's G4-R10 design from 1949.", "The Germans were eventually repatriated in 1951–53.", "In America, Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945.", "They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation.", "These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer space, and the first two-stage rocket, the WAC Corporal-V2 combination, in 1949.", "The German rocket team was moved from Fort Bliss to the Army's new Redstone Arsenal, located in Huntsville, Alabama, in 1950.", "From here, Von Braun and his team would develop the Army's first operational medium-range ballistic missile, the Redstone rocket, that would, in slightly modified versions, launch both America's first satellite, and the first piloted Mercury space missions.", "It became the basis for both the Jupiter and Saturn family of rockets." ]

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[ "Hiroshima was the primary target of the first nuclear bombing mission on 6 August, with Kokura and Nagasaki as alternative targets.", "The 393d Bombardment Squadron B-29 \"Enola Gay\", piloted by Tibbets, took off from North Field, Tinian, about six hours' flight time from Japan.", "The \"Enola Gay\" (named after Tibbets' mother) was accompanied by two other B-29s.", "\"The Great Artiste\", commanded by Major Charles Sweeney, carried instrumentation, and a then-nameless aircraft later called \"Necessary Evil\", commanded by Captain George Marquardt, served as the photography aircraft.", "After leaving Tinian the aircraft made their way separately to Iwo Jima to rendezvous with Sweeney and Marquardt at 05:55 at , and set course for Japan.", "The aircraft arrived over the target in clear visibility at .", "Parsons, who was in command of the mission, armed the bomb during the flight to minimize the risks during takeoff.", "He had witnessed four B-29s crash and burn at takeoff, and feared that a nuclear explosion would occur if a B-29 crashed with an armed Little Boy on board.", "His assistant, Second Lieutenant Morris R. Jeppson, removed the safety devices 30 minutes before reaching the target area.", "During the night of August 5–6, Japanese early warning radar detected the approach of numerous American aircraft headed for the southern part of Japan.", "Radar detected 65 bombers headed for Saga, 102 bound for Maebashi, 261 en route to Nishinomiya, 111 headed for Ube and 66 bound for Imabari.", "An alert was given and radio broadcasting stopped in many cities, among them Hiroshima.", "The all-clear was sounded in Hiroshima at 00:05.", "About an hour before the bombing, the air raid alert was sounded again, as \"Straight Flush\" flew over the city.", "It broadcast a short message which was picked up by \"Enola Gay\".", "It read: \"Cloud cover less than 3/10th at all altitudes.", "Advice: bomb primary.\"", "The all-clear was sounded over Hiroshima again at 07:09.", "At 08:09 Tibbets started his bomb run and handed control over to his bombardier, Major Thomas Ferebee.", "The release at 08:15 (Hiroshima time) went as planned, and the Little Boy containing about of uranium-235 took 44.4 seconds to fall from the aircraft flying at about to a detonation height of about above the city.", "\"Enola Gay\" traveled before it felt the shock waves from the blast.", "Due to crosswind, the bomb missed the aiming point, the Aioi Bridge, by approximately and detonated directly over Shima Surgical Clinic at .", "It created a blast equivalent to , ± 2 kt.", "The weapon was considered very inefficient, with only 1.7% of its material fissioning.", "The radius of total destruction was about , with resulting fires across .", "People on the ground reported seeing a \"pika\" or brilliant flash of light followed by a \"don\", a loud booming sound.", "Some 70,000–80,000 people, of whom 20,000 were soldiers, or around 30% of the population of Hiroshima, were killed by the blast and resultant firestorm.", "and another 70,000 injured." ]

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[ "Michelangelo's depiction of the Genealogy of Jesus departs from an artistic tradition for this topic that was common in medieval times, especially in stained-glass windows.", "This so-called Jesse Tree shows Jesse lying prone and a tree growing from his side with the ancestors on each branch, in a visual treatment of a biblical verse.", "The figures in the lunettes appear to be families, but in every case they are families that are divided.", "The figures in them are physically divided by the name tablet but they are also divided by a range of human emotions that turn them outward or in on themselves and sometimes towards their partner with jealousy, suspicion, rage or simply boredom.", "In them Michelangelo has portrayed the anger and unhappiness of the human condition, painting \"the daily round of merely domestic life as if it were a curse\".", "In their constraining niches, the ancestors \"sit, squat and wait\".", "Of the fourteen lunettes, the two that were probably painted first, the families of Eleazar and Mathan and of Jacob and Joseph are the most detailed.", "They become progressively broader towards the altar end, one of the last being painted in only two days.", "The Eleazar and Mathan picture contains two figures with a wealth of costume detail that is not present in any other lunette.", "Prior to restoration, of all the paintings in the Sistine Chapel, the lunettes and spandrels were the dirtiest.", "Added to this, there has always been a problem of poor daytime visibility of the panels nearest the windows because of \"halination\".", "Consequently, they were the least well known of all Michelangelo's publicly accessible works.", "The recent restoration has made these masterly studies of human nature and inventive depiction of the human form known once more.", "Section References" ]

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[ "The Act of Killing (, meaning \"Butcher\") is a 2012 documentary film directed by Joshua Oppenheimer, and co-directed by Christine Cynn and an anonymous Indonesian.", "It is a Danish-British-Norwegian co-production, presented by Final Cut for Real in Denmark and produced by Signe Byrge Sørensen.", "The executive producers were Werner Herzog, Errol Morris, Joram ten Brink, and Andre Singer.", "It is a Docwest project of the University of Westminster.", "It won the 2013 European Film Award for Best Documentary, the Asia Pacific Screen Award, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 86th Academy Awards.", "\"The Act of Killing\" won best documentary at the 2014 BAFTA awards.", "In accepting the award, Oppenheimer asserted that the United States and the United Kingdom have \"collective responsibility\" for \"participating in and ignoring\" the crimes, which was omitted from the video BAFTA posted online.", "After a screening for US Congress members, Oppenheimer demanded that the US acknowledge its role in the killings." ]

[ 3 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "England's economy is one of the largest in the world, with an average GDP per capita of £22,907.", "Usually regarded as a mixed market economy, it has adopted many free market principles, yet maintains an advanced social welfare infrastructure.", "The official currency in England is the pound sterling, whose ISO 4217 code is GBP.", "Taxation in England is quite competitive when compared to much of the rest of Europe—as of 2009 the basic rate of personal tax is 20% on taxable income up to £37,400, and 40% on any additional earnings above that amount.", "The economy of England is the largest part of the UK's economy, which has the 18th highest GDP PPP per capita in the world.", "England is a leader in the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors and in key technical industries, particularly aerospace, the arms industry, and the manufacturing side of the software industry.", "London, home to the London Stock Exchange, the United Kingdom's main stock exchange and the largest in Europe, is England's financial centre—100 of Europe's 500 largest corporations are based in London.", "London is the largest financial centre in Europe, and is also the largest in the world.", "The Bank of England, founded in 1694 by Scottish banker William Paterson, is the United Kingdom's central bank.", "Originally established as private banker to the Government of England, since 1946 it has been a state-owned institution.", "The Bank has a monopoly on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales, although not in other parts of the United Kingdom.", "The government has devolved responsibility to the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee for managing the monetary policy of the country and setting interest rates.", "England is highly industrialised, but since the 1970s there has been a decline in traditional heavy and manufacturing industries, and an increasing emphasis on a more service industry oriented economy.", "Tourism has become a significant industry, attracting millions of visitors to England each year.", "The export part of the economy is dominated by pharmaceuticals, cars—although many English marques are now foreign-owned, such as Rolls-Royce, Lotus, Jaguar and Bentley—crude oil and petroleum from the English parts of North Sea oil along with Wytch Farm, aircraft engines and alcoholic beverages.", "Agriculture is intensive and highly mechanised, producing 60% of food needs with only 2% of the labour force.", "Two thirds of production is devoted to livestock, the other to arable crops." ]

[ 5 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "The objective of a game is to score more goals than the opposition.", "Goals are scored when a team member positioned in the attacking shooting circle shoots the ball through the goal ring.", "The goal rings are in diameter and sit atop -high goal posts that have no backboards.", "A -radius semi-circular \"shooting circle\" is an area at each end of the court.", "The goal posts are located within the shooting circle.", "Each team defends one shooting circle and attacks the other.", "The netball court is long, wide, and divided lengthwise into thirds.", "The ball is usually made of leather or rubber, measures in circumference, and weighs .", "A normal game consists of four 15-minute quarters and can be played outdoors or in a covered stadium.", "Each team is allowed seven players on the court.", "Each player is assigned a specific position, which limits their movement to a certain area of the court.", "A \"bib\" worn by each player contains a two letter abbreviation of indicating this position.", "Only two positions are permitted in the attacking shooting circle, and can therefore shoot for a goal.", "Similarly, only two positions are permitted in the defensive shooting circle; they try to prevent the opposition from shooting goals.", "Other players are restricted to two thirds of the court, with the exception of the Centre, who may move anywhere on the court except for a shooting circle.", "At the beginning of every quarter and after a goal has been scored, play starts with a player in the centre position passing the ball from the centre of the court.", "These \"centre passes\" alternate between the teams, regardless of which team scored the last goal.", "When the umpire blows the whistle to restart play, four players from each team can move into the centre third to receive the pass.", "The centre pass must be caught or touched in the centre third.", "The ball is then moved up and down the court through passing and must be touched by a player in each adjacent third of the court.", "Players can hold the ball for only three seconds at any time.", "It must be released before the foot they were standing on when they caught it touches the ground again.", "Contact between players is only permitted if it does not impede an opponent or the general play.", "When defending a pass or shot players must be at least away from the player with the ball.", "If illegal contact is made, the player who contacted cannot participate in play until the player taking the penalty has passed or shot the ball.", "If the ball is held in two hands and either dropped or a shot at goal is missed, the same player cannot be the first to touch it unless it first rebounds off the goal." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 12, 13 ]

[ "Russell initially intended to make the film with Vince Vaughn and Zooey Deschanel, but went on to make \"The Fighter\" instead.", "Mark Wahlberg was set to work with Russell for the fourth time but had to drop out after delays in production created a scheduling conflict.", "Russell had planned to work with Bradley Cooper on an adaptation of \"Pride and Prejudice and Zombies\", but that fell through.", "Cooper's performance in \"Wedding Crashers\" impressed Russell, who noted his \"good bad-guy energy\", saying \"You're not sure where he's coming from.\"", "Cooper told Russell \"he had been heavier and angrier and more fearful\" at the time of that performance and had drawn on those feelings for it.", "Russell was excited that Cooper would bring those qualities to Pat Solatano.", "Anne Hathaway was cast as Tiffany Maxwell but due to scheduling conflicts with \"The Dark Knight Rises\" and creative differences with Russell, she dropped out.", "Other actresses who were considered for the part included Elizabeth Banks, Kirsten Dunst, Angelina Jolie, Blake Lively, Rooney Mara, Rachel McAdams, Andrea Riseborough and Olivia Wilde.", "Russell did not believe Lawrence was suitable for the role and her audition was only a formality.", "He thought Lawrence (21 at the time of filming) was too young to play against Cooper (37), but her audition changed his mind.", "\"There's an expressiveness in her eyes and in her face, that many stars have to work for, that's ageless,\" he said.", "Russell compares Lawrence to the character Tiffany, describing her as confident but one of the least neurotic people he knows, with the confidence and glimpses of vulnerability needed to play Tiffany.", "Tiffany went through several iterations.", "She was initially meant to be a goth.", "Lawrence dyed her hair black and did test shoots in heavy goth makeup, but Harvey Weinstein balked at this.", "The character remained messed-up yet confident, with small goth touches such as the dark hair and a cross.", "To her surprise Russell asked Lawrence to put on weight for the role.", "Russell also convinced her to speak in a lower register, despite Lawrence thinking her naturally low voice makes her sound like a \"chain-smoking hermit.", "\"According to \"Entertainment Weekly\", Lawrence said she didn't have a handle on Tiffany at first, which was what excited her about the role.", "\"She was just a character I 100 percent did not understand at all... She's like, 'I'm messed up, I'm not like everybody else, I've got issues.", "Take it or leave it because I like myself.", "Lawrence and Cooper had no previous dance experience.", "In less than a month, Mandy Moore, a choreographer for \"So You Think You Can Dance\", taught them the dance sequences.", "Moore describes Cooper as having \"some real natural dancing ability\" and Lawrence joked that before training began, she was a bad dancer, \"like I'm a dad at a prom.\"", "Lawrence said of the climactic ballroom dance, \"None of that was improvised, absolutely not.", "I'm a terrible dancer, so I would never have been able to do any of that.", "When it finally came together, that scene really was just as fun as it feels.\"" ]

[ 0 ]

[ 11 ]

[ "The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Baseball has been regarded as the national sport since the late 19th century, while American football is now by several measures the most popular spectator sport.", "Basketball and ice hockey are the country's next two leading professional team sports.", "These four major sports, when played professionally, each occupy a season at different, but overlapping, times of the year.", "College football and basketball attract large audiences.", "Boxing and horse racing were once the most watched individual sports, but they have been eclipsed by golf and auto racing, particularly NASCAR.", "In the 21st century, televised mixed martial arts has also gained a strong following of regular viewers.", "While soccer is less popular in the United States than in many other nations, the men's national soccer team has been to the past six World Cups and the women are #1 in the women's world rankings.", "While most major U.S. sports have evolved out of European practices, basketball, volleyball, skateboarding, snowboarding, and cheerleading are American inventions, some of which have become popular in other countries.", "Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact.", "Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States.", "The United States has won 2,400 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country, and 281 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most by 2014." ]

[ 5 ]

[ 12 ]

[ "Several brief interim governments succeeded after Vargas's suicide.", "Juscelino Kubitschek became president in 1956 and assumed a conciliatory posture towards the political opposition that allowed him to govern without major crises.", "The economy and industrial sector grew remarkably, but his greatest achievement was the construction of the new capital city of Brasília, inaugurated in 1960.", "His successor was Jânio Quadros, who resigned in 1961 less than a year after taking office.", "His vice-president, João Goulart, assumed the presidency, but aroused strong political opposition and was deposed in April 1964 by a coup that resulted in a military regime.", "The new regime was intended to be transitory but it gradually closed in on itself and became a full dictatorship with the promulgation of the Fifth Institutional Act in 1968.", "The repression was not limited only to those who resorted to guerrilla tactics to fight the regime, but also reached institutional opponents, artists, journalists and other members of civil society, inside and outside the country (through the infamous \"Operation Condor\").", "Despite its brutality, like other totalitarian regimes in history, due to an economic boom, known as an \"economic miracle\", the regime reached its highest level of popularity in the early 1970s.", "Slowly however, the wear and tear of years of dictatorial power that has not slowed the repression, even after the defeat of the leftist guerrillas, plus the inability to deal with the economic crises of the period and popular pressure, made it inevitable an opening policy, which of the regime side was led by Generals Geisel and Golbery.", "With the enactment of the Amnesty Law in 1979, Brazil began to slowly return to democracy, which would be completed along the 1980s.", "Civilians returned to power in 1985 when José Sarney assumed the presidency, becoming unpopular during his tenure due his failure in control the economic crisis and hyperinflation inherited from the military regime.", "Sarney's unsuccessful government allowed the election in 1989 of the almost unknown Fernando Collor, who was subsequently impeached by the National Congress in 1992.", "Collor was succeeded by his Vice-President Itamar Franco, who appointed Fernando Henrique Cardoso as Minister of Finance.", "In 1994, Cardoso produced a highly successful Plano Real, that after decades of failed economic plans made by previous governments attempting to curb hyperinflation, finally granted stability to the Brazilian economy, leading Cardoso to be elected that year, and again in 1998.", "The peaceful transition of power from Fernando Henrique to his main opposition leader, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, who was elected in 2002 and re-elected in 2006, proved that Brazil had finally succeeded in achieving its long-sought political stability.", "Lula was succeeded in 2011 by the current president, Dilma Rousseff, the country's first woman president and as such one of the most powerful women in the world.", "In June 2013, following the viral phenomenon of worldwide manifestations (such as the \"\"Arab Spring\"\", the \"\"Occupy Wall Street\"\" and the \"\"Spanish Indignados\"\"), numerous protests erupted in Brazil.", "For days, hundreds of thousands of people took to the streets in several cities to protest.", "Initially a movement against the increase in public transport fares, it assumed gigantic proportions, sparked by the excessive use of force by the state polices, turning into a series of huge demonstrations by groups and individuals, angry about a range of issues (including new stadium projects for international sports events, demands on quality of public services, anger about corruption, and opposition to a constitutional amendment proposal, PEC 37, which is interpreted by some as an attempt to curb repression of corruption).", "Thus it became a movement containing conflicting ideologies, with so far no single political agenda nor recognizable leadership." ]

[ 3 ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]

[ "Charlie Duke, Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM)", "Ronald Evans (CAPCOM)", "Owen K. Garriott (CAPCOM)", "Don L. Lind (CAPCOM)", "Ken Mattingly (CAPCOM)", "Bruce McCandless II (CAPCOM)", "Harrison Schmitt (CAPCOM)", "Bill Pogue", "Jack Swigert" ]

[ 5 ]

[ 4 ]

[ "Madonna and Child.", "The \"Madonna of the Steps\" is Michelangelo's earliest known work.", "It is carved in shallow relief, a technique often employed by the master-sculptor of the early 15th-century, Donatello and others such as Desiderio da Settignano.", "While the Madonna is in profile, the easiest aspect for a shallow relief, the child displays a twisting motion that was to become characteristic of Michelangelo's work.", "The \"Taddeo Tondo\" of 1502, shows the Christ Child frightened by a Bullfinch, a symbol of the Crucifixion.", "The lively form of the child was later adapted by Raphael in the \"Bridgewater Madonna\".", "The \"Bruges Madonna\" was, at the time of its creation, unlike other such statues which show the Virgin proudly presenting her son.", "Here, the Christ Child, restrained by his mother's clasping hand, is about to step off into the world.", "The \"Doni Tondo\", depicting the Holy Family, has elements of all three previous works: the frieze of figures in the background has the appearance of a low-relief, while the circular shape and dynamic forms echo the Taddeo Tondo.", "The twisting motion present in the Bruges Madonna is accentuated in the painting.", "The painting heralds the forms, movement and colour that Michelangelo was to employ on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel." ]

[ 2 ]

[ 5 ]

[ "The \"Kongresshalle\", or \"Congress Hall\", (1935, unfinished) at the Nazi Party Rally grounds, Nuremberg, Germany", "The Summer Olympic Games medal from 1928 to 2000, designed by Giuseppe Cassioli, features a depiction of the Colosseum.", "At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens the Colosseum was replaced by a depiction of the Panathinaiko Stadium", "The exterior of the Vancouver Public Library resembles the current state of the Colosseum.", "It was designed by Moshe Safdie.", "The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum entrance was inspired by the Colosseum.", "The Palazzo della Civilta Italiana was very closely modelled on the Colosseum.", "It was built for Mussolini for the Universal Exhibition of 1942 but the exhibition never happened due to the outbreak of World War II.", "The architects were Giovanni Guerrini, Ernesto Bruno La Padula, and Mario Romano." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 8, 9 ]

[ "As with the first sequence of pictures, the three panels concerning Noah, taken from the sixth to ninth chapters of Genesis are thematic rather than chronological.", "In the first scene is shown the sacrifice of a sheep.", "Vasari, in writing about this scene mistakes it for the sacrifices by Cain and Abel, in which Abel's sacrifice was acceptable to God and Cain's was not.", "What this image almost certainly depicts is the sacrifice made by the family of Noah, after their safe deliverance from the Great Flood which destroyed the rest of Humankind.", "The central, larger, scene shows the Great Flood.", "The Ark in which Noah's family escaped floats at the rear of the picture while the rest of humanity tries frantically to scramble to some point of safety.", "This picture, which has a large number of figures, conforms the most closely to the format of the paintings that had been done around the walls.", "The final scene is the story of Noah's drunkenness.", "After the Flood, Noah tills the soil and grows vines.", "He is shown doing so, in the background of the picture.", "He becomes drunk and inadvertently exposes himself.", "His youngest son, Ham, brings his two brothers Shem and Japheth to see the sight but they discreetly cover their father with a cloak.", "Ham is later cursed by Noah and told that the descendants of Ham's son Canaan will serve Shem and Japheth's descendants forever.", "Taken together, these three pictures serve to show that Humankind had moved a long way from God's perfect creation.", "However, it is through Shem and his descendants, the Israelites, that Salvation will come to the world.", "Since Michelangelo executed the nine Biblical scenes in reverse chronological order, some analyses of the frescoes of the vault commence with the \"Drunkenness of Noah\".", "Tolnay's Neoplatonic interpretation sees the story of Noah at the beginning and the act of Creation by God as the conclusion of the process of \"deificatio\" and the return from physical to spiritual being." ]

[ 3 ]

[ 3 ]

[ "Astrophysics (from Greek \"astron\", ἄστρον \"star\", and \"physis\", φύσις \"nature\") is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, especially with \"the nature of the heavenly bodies, rather than their positions or motions in space.\"", "Among the objects studied are galaxies, stars, planets, extrasolar planets, the interstellar medium and the cosmic microwave background.", "Their emissions are examined across all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the properties examined include luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition.", "Because astrophysics is a very broad subject, \"astrophysicists\" typically apply many disciplines of physics, including mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular physics.", "In practice, modern astronomical research often involves a substantial amount of work in the realm(s) of theoretical and/or observational physics.", "Highly elusive areas of study for astrophysicists, which are of immense interest to the public, include their attempts to determine: the properties of dark matter, dark energy, and black holes; whether or not time travel is possible, wormholes can form, or the multiverse exists; and the origin and ultimate fate of the universe.", "Topics also studied by theoretical astrophysicists include: solar system formation and evolution; stellar dynamics and evolution; galaxy formation and evolution; magnetohydrodynamics; large-scale structure of matter in the universe; origin of cosmic rays; general relativity and physical cosmology, including string cosmology and astroparticle physics.", "Astrophysics can be studied at the bachelors, masters, and Ph.D. levels in physics or astronomy departments at many universities.", "Many such programs retain the name \"astronomy\" for historical purposes." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 2 ]

[ "In the period of rapid economic growth after World War II, environmental policies were downplayed by the government and industrial corporations; as a result, environmental pollution was widespread in the 1950s and 1960s.", "Responding to rising concern about the problem, the government introduced several environmental protection laws in 1970.", "The oil crisis in 1973 also encouraged the efficient use of energy because of Japan's lack of natural resources.", "Current environmental issues include urban air pollution (NOx, suspended particulate matter, and toxics), waste management, water eutrophication, nature conservation, climate change, chemical management and international co-operation for conservation.", "Japan is one of the world's leaders in the development of new environment-friendly technologies, and is ranked 26th best in the world in the 2014 Environmental Performance Index.", "As a signatory of the Kyoto Protocol, and host of the 1997 conference which created it, Japan is under treaty obligation to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions and to take other steps to curb climate change." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 13, 6, 7 ]

[ "In April 2013, Showtime president, David Nevins said that even though the series would end with Season 8, all options of continuing the series were \"on the table\".", "Original reports were for a series to be built around the Debra Morgan character.", "Dexter's showrunner, Scott Buck re-signed with Showtime for two years which further heated up discussion on a spin-off series.", "On January 14, 2014, Nevins announced that they were in discussions for a spin-off series to \"Dexter\".", "Nevins said that a new series would happen only do it if Michael C. Hall returned.", "Nevins stated: \"We're at the very preliminary stage.", "That show is that character... and if I were to do something, I would do \"Dexter\" in a new concept and configuration.", "I want the show to feel different, not just a continuation of the old show.\"", "Michael C. Hall responded to the possible spin-off series saying he would be interested in returning.", "Hall said: \"I can't even wrap my mind around that.", "And it's all just theoretical until there is some sort of script reflecting somebody's idea of where it could possibly go.", "But it's hard for me to imagine what that would be.", "Yeah, as far as playing Dexter again for an undefined amount of time, that's a little daunting to consider.", "But doing another television series — there's a lot of amazing stuff on TV.", "I don't want to do that right away.", "But I wouldn't say never to that.\"" ]

[]

[ 2 ]

[ "Starting 10 million years ago, vertical movement along the Sierra fault started to uplift the Sierra Nevada.", "Subsequent tilting of the Sierra block and the resulting accelerated uplift of the Sierra Nevada increased the gradient of western-flowing streams.", "The streams consequently ran faster and thus cut their valleys more quickly.", "Additional uplift occurred when major faults developed to the east, especially the creation of Owens Valley from Basin and Range-associated extensional forces.", "Uplift of the Sierra accelerated again about two million years ago during the Pleistocene.", "The uplifting and increased erosion exposed granitic rocks in the area to surface pressures, resulting in exfoliation (responsible for the rounded shape of the many domes in the park) and mass wasting following the numerous fracture joint planes (cracks; especially vertical ones) in the now solidified plutons.", "Pleistocene glaciers further accelerated this process and the larger ones transported the resulting talus and till from valley floors.", "Numerous vertical joint planes controlled where and how fast erosion took place.", "Most of these long, linear and very deep cracks trend northeast or northwest and form parallel, often regularly spaced sets.", "They were created by uplift-associated pressure release and by the unloading of overlying rock via erosion." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "American Gothic is a painting by Grant Wood in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.", "Wood's inspiration came from what is now known as the American Gothic House, and his decision to paint the house along with \"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\"", "The painting shows a farmer standing beside his spinster daughter.", "The figures were modeled by the artist's sister and their dentist.", "The woman is dressed in a colonial print apron evoking 19th-century Americana, and the couple are in the traditional roles of men and women, the man's pitchfork symbolizing hard labor, and the flowers over the woman's right shoulder suggesting domesticity.", "It is one of the most familiar images in 20th-century American art, and has been widely parodied in American popular culture." ]

[]

[ 10 ]

[ "The following table shows the annual production of cereals in 1961, 2010, 2011, and 2012 ranked by 2012 production.", "All but buckwheat and quinoa are true grasses (these two are pseudocereals).", "Maize, wheat, and rice together accounted for 89% of all cereal production worldwide in 2012, and 43% of all food calories in 2009, while the production of oats and triticale have drastically fallen from their 1960s levels.", "Other grains that are important in some places, but that have little production globally (and are not included in FAO statistics), include:", " Teff, an ancient grain that is a staple in Ethiopia.", "It is high in fiber and protein.", "Its flour is often used to make injera.", "It can also be eaten as a warm breakfast cereal similar to farina with a chocolate or nutty flavor.", "Its flour and whole grain products can usually be found in natural foods stores.", " Wild rice, grown in small amounts in North America.", " Amaranth, an ancient pseudocereal, formerly a staple crop of the Aztec Empire and now widely grown in Africa.", " Kañiwa, close relative of quinoa.", "Several other species of wheat have also been domesticated, some very early in the history of agriculture:", " Spelt, a close relative of common wheat.", " Einkorn, a wheat species with a single grain.", " Emmer, one of the first crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent.", " Durum, the only tetraploid species of wheat currently cultivated, used to make semolina.", " Kamut, an ancient relative of durum with an unknown history." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 8 ]

[ "Fruitvale Station is a 2013 American drama film written and directed by Ryan Coogler.", "It is Coogler's first feature-length film and is based on the events leading to the death of Oscar Grant, a young man who was killed by BART police officer Johannes Mehserle at the Fruitvale Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) Station in Oakland, California.", "The film stars Michael B. Jordan as Oscar Grant.", "Forest Whitaker is one of the film's producers.", "Kevin Durand and Chad Michael Murray play the two BART police officers involved in Grant's death.", "The names of the officers were changed for the film.", "\"Fruitvale Station\" debuted at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Grand Jury Prize and the Audience Award for U.S. dramatic film.", "It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival where it won the award for Best First Film.", "The film was released in theaters July 12, 2013.", "It received critical acclaim upon its release and earned other awards." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 18 ]

[ "The area where the statue stands is 60 feet wide, 74 feet long, and 60 feet high.", "The interior of the Memorial is divided into three chambers by two rows of Ionic columns.", "These columns, four in each row, are tall and in diameter at their base.", "The north and south side chambers contain carved inscriptions of Lincoln's second inaugural address and his Gettysburg Address.", "Bordering these inscriptions are pilasters ornamented with fasces, eagles, and wreaths.", "The inscriptions and adjoining ornamentation were done by Evelyn Beatrice Longman.", "The Memorial is filled with symbolism: the 36 columns represent the states in the union at the time of Lincoln's death, the 48 stone festoons on the attic above the columns represent the 48 states in 1922.", "Above each of the inscriptions is a mural painted by Jules Guerin graphically portraying governing principles evident in Lincoln's life.", "On the south wall mural, Freedom, Liberty, Immortality, Justice, and the Law are pictured, while the north wall portrays Unity, Fraternity, and Charity.", "Both scenes contain a background of cypress trees, the emblem of Eternity.", "The murals were crafted with a special mixture of paint which included elements of kerosene and wax to protect the exposed artwork from fluctuations in temperature and moisture conditions.", "The ceiling of the Memorial, above the floor, is composed of bronze girders, ornamented with laurel and oak leaves.", "Between the girders are panels of Alabama marble, saturated with paraffin to increase their translucency.", "Despite the increased light from this device, Bacon and French felt the statue required even more light.", "They decided upon an artificial lighting system in which a louvered lighting panel would be set in the ceiling with metal slats to conceal the great floodlights.", "Custodians could adjust the lights from a control room, varying them according to the outside light.", "Funds for this expensive system were appropriated by Congress in 1926, and in 1929, seven years after the dedication, the statue was properly lighted.", "Since that time, only one major alteration has taken place in the Memorial's design.", "This was the addition of an elevator within the structure to aid handicapped visitors, which was installed in the mid-1970s." ]

[ 2 ]

[ 1 ]

[ "Captain Phillips (film)Captain Phillips is a 2013 American thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass and starring Tom Hanks and Barkhad Abdi.", "The film is based on the true story of the 2009 \"Maersk Alabama\" hijacking, an incident during which merchant mariner Captain Richard Phillips was taken hostage by pirates in the Indian Ocean led by Abduwali Muse.", "The screenplay was written by Billy Ray, and is based on the 2010 book \"A Captain's Duty: Somali Pirates, Navy SEALs, and Dangerous Days at Sea\" by Richard Phillips with Stephan Talty.", "Scott Rudin, Dana Brunetti and Michael De Luca served as producers on the project.", "It premiered at the 2013 New York Film Festival, and was theatrically released on October 11, 2013.", "The film emerged as a box office success with earnings of over $217 million against a budget of $55 million.", "In 2014, \"Captain Phillips\" received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for Abdi, but did not win in any of the categories." ]

[]

[ 0 ]

[ "Because a black hole has only a few internal parameters, most of the information about the matter that went into forming the black hole is lost.", "Regardless of the type of matter which goes into a black hole, it appears that only information concerning the total mass, charge, and angular momentum are conserved.", "As long as black holes were thought to persist forever this information loss is not that problematic, as the information can be thought of as existing inside the black hole, inaccessible from the outside.", "However, black holes slowly evaporate by emitting Hawking radiation.", "This radiation does not appear to carry any additional information about the matter that formed the black hole, meaning that this information appears to be gone forever.", "The question whether information is truly lost in black holes (the black hole information paradox) has divided the theoretical physics community (see Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet).", "In quantum mechanics, loss of information corresponds to the violation of vital property called unitarity, which has to do with the conservation of probability.", "It has been argued that loss of unitarity would also imply violation of conservation of energy.", "Over recent years evidence has been building that indeed information and unitarity are preserved in a full quantum gravitational treatment of the problem." ]

[ 1 ]

[ 1 ]

[ "The TeamGym competition is one of the latest new events within the UEG.", "The first official competition was held in Finland in 1996 and it takes place every even-numbered year.", "TeamGym is a team competition for clubs and consist of three sections: women, men and mixed teams.", "TeamGym competitions exhibit gymnastic skills in three different disciplines; floor, tumbling and trampette.", "In common for the performance is effective teamwork, good technique in the element and spectacular acrobatic elements.", "The event is attractive for spectators and media as well as sponsors.", " Floor Programme: All members of the Team take part in the floor program, composed of a mixture of dance, flexibility and skill.", "The routine has to be skillfully choreographed and the judges look out for changes in shape.", "There needs to be at least two spins, two jumps/leaps, two acrobatic elements, two balance/power elements, two section elements and one combination of elements.", "These section elements are bodywaves for women's teams, power elements for men's teams and lifts for mixed teams.", "Floor routines are performed to music.", " Trampette: There are two components of this section of floor pregame.", "Vault and trampette on its own.", "One of the three total runs that the gymnasts make must be a vault run.", "Generally the first round is chosen for each individual gymnast to perform the same move.", "These are also performed to music.", " Tumbling: Again, here there are three runs (rounds) involved.", "One of which has to include all six gymnasts doing a forwards series.", "Another run also has to include the gymnasts completing the same move.", "Each series must have at least three different acrobatic elements." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Chemotherapy is described in one dictionary entry as \"the treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs.\"", "The word \"chemotherapy\" without a modifier usually refers to cancer treatment, but its historical meaning is broader.", "The term was historically used for non-oncological references, such as the use of antibiotics (\"antibacterial chemotherapy\").", "The first modern chemotherapeutic agent was arsphenamine, an arsenic compound discovered in 1909 and used to treat syphilis.", "This was later followed by sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) and penicillin.", "Other uses that have been termed chemotherapy are the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 7 ]

[ "Up until the 1930s, all lacrosse was played on large fields outdoors.", "The owners of Canadian hockey arenas invented a reduced-size version of the game, called box lacrosse, as a means to make more profit from their arena investments, and because severe winter weather in many areas limits outdoor play.", "Since 1985, when the Canadian University Field Lacrosse Association (CUFLA) began operating a collegiate men's league, field lacrosse has witnessed a revival in Canada.", "There are now 12 varsity teams.", "In 1994, Canada declared lacrosse its national summer sport in the .", "In 1987, a men's professional box lacrosse league was started, called the Eagle Pro Box Lacrosse League.", "This league changed its name to the Major Indoor Lacrosse League, then later to the Lacrosse League.", "It grew to encompass men's lacrosse clubs in 14 cities throughout the United States and Canada." ]

[ 5 ]

[ 18 ]

[ "Radio communications provide telemetry and scientific data links between the station and Mission Control Centres.", "Radio links are also used during rendezvous and docking procedures and for audio and video communication between crewmembers, flight controllers and family members.", "As a result, the ISS is equipped with internal and external communication systems used for different purposes.", "The Russian Orbital Segment communicates directly with the ground via the \"Lira\" antenna mounted to \"Zvezda\".", "The \"Lira\" antenna also has the capability to use the \"Luch\" data relay satellite system.", "This system, used for communications with \"Mir\", fell into disrepair during the 1990s, and as a result is no longer in use, although two new \"Luch\" satellites—\"Luch\"-5A and \"Luch\"-5B—were launched in 2011 and 2012 respectively to restore the operational capability of the system.", "Another Russian communications system is the Voskhod-M, which enables internal telephone communications between \"Zvezda\", \"Zarya\", \"Pirs\", \"Poisk\" and the USOS, and also provides a VHF radio link to ground control centres via antennas on \"Zvezda\" exterior.", "The US Orbital Segment (USOS) makes use of two separate radio links mounted in the Z1 truss structure: the S band (used for audio) and Ku band (used for audio, video and data) systems.", "These transmissions are routed via the United States Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) in geostationary orbit, which allows for almost continuous real-time communications with NASA's Mission Control Center (MCC-H) in Houston.", "Data channels for the Canadarm2, European \"Columbus\" laboratory and Japanese \"Kibō\" modules are routed via the S band and Ku band systems, although the European Data Relay Satellite System and a similar Japanese system will eventually complement the TDRSS in this role.", "Communications between modules are carried on an internal digital wireless network.UHF radio is used by astronauts and cosmonauts conducting EVAs.", "UHF is employed by other spacecraft that dock to or undock from the station, such as Soyuz, Progress, HTV, ATV and the Space Shuttle (except the shuttle also makes use of the S band and Ku band systems via TDRSS), to receive commands from Mission Control and ISS crewmembers.", "Automated spacecraft are fitted with their own communications equipment; the ATV uses a laser attached to the spacecraft and equipment attached to \"Zvezda\", known as the Proximity Communications Equipment, to accurately dock to the station.", "The ISS is equipped with approximately 100 IBM and Lenovo ThinkPad model A31 and T61P laptop computers.", "Each computer is a commercial off-the-shelf purchase which is then modified for safety and operation including updates to connectors, cooling and power to accommodate the station's 28V DC power system and weightless environment.", "Heat generated by the laptops does not rise, but stagnates surrounding the laptop, so additional forced ventilation is required.", "Laptops aboard the ISS are connected to the station's wireless LAN via Wi-Fi and are connected to the ground at 3 Mbit/s up and 10 Mbit/s down, comparable to home DSL connection speeds.", "The operating system used for key station functions is the Debian version of Linux.", "The migration from Microsoft Windows was made in May 2013 for reasons of reliability, stability and flexibility." ]

[ 1 ]

[ 2 ]

[ "In April 2013, it was revealed that AMC and Sony were interested in a spin-off series that would focus on Saul Goodman (Bob Odenkirk), with Gilligan and series writer Peter Gould developing the project.", "Gilligan had previously hinted at a possible spin-off series focused on Saul Goodman in July 2012.", "In September 2013, AMC and Sony Pictures Television officially ordered \"Better Call Saul\" to series, and it will be a prequel." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 9 ]

[ "A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of letters that indicate the order of nucleotides within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule.", "By convention, sequences are usually presented from the 5' end to the 3' end.", "Because nucleic acids are normally linear (unbranched) polymers, specifying the sequence is equivalent to defining the covalent structure of the entire molecule.", "For this reason, the nucleic acid sequence is also termed the primary structure.", "The sequence has capacity to represent information.", "Biological DNA represents the information which directs the functions of a living thing.", "In that context, the term genetic sequence is often used.", "Sequences can be read from the biological raw material through DNA sequencing methods.", "Nucleic acids also have a secondary structure and tertiary structure.", "Primary structure is sometimes mistakenly referred to as \"primary sequence\".", "Conversely, there is no parallel concept of secondary or tertiary sequence." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Alfonso Cuarón wrote the screenplay with his son Jonás.", "Cuarón told \"Wired\" magazine, \"I watched the Gregory Peck movie \"Marooned\" over and over as a kid.\"", "That film is about the first crew of an experimental space station returning to Earth in an Apollo capsule that suffers a thruster malfunction.", "Cuarón attempted to develop his project at Universal Pictures, where it stayed in development for several years.", "After the rights to the project were sold, the project began development at Warner Bros, who acquired the project.", "In February 2010, it attracted the attention of Angelina Jolie, who had rejected a sequel to \"Wanted\".", "Later in the month, she rejected \"Wanted 2\", partially because the studio did not want to pay the fee she had received for her latest two movies and because she wanted to direct her Bosnian war film \"In the Land of Blood and Honey\".", "In March, Robert Downey, Jr. entered talks to be cast in the male lead role.", "In mid-2010, Marion Cotillard tested for the female lead role.", "By August 2010, Scarlett Johansson and Blake Lively were in the running for the role.", "In September, Cuarón received approval from Warner Bros. to offer the role without a screen test to Natalie Portman, who was being praised for her performance in the recently released \"Black Swan\".", "Portman rejected the project because of scheduling conflicts and Warner Bros. then approached Sandra Bullock for the role.", "In November 2010, Downey left the project to star in \"How to Talk to Girls\"a project in development with Shawn Levy attached to direct.", "The following December, with Bullock signed for the co-lead role, George Clooney replaced Downey.", "The problem of shooting long scenes in a zero-g environment was a challenge.", "Eventually, the team decided to use computer-generated imagery for the spacewalk scenes and automotive robots to move Bullock's character for interior space station scenes.", "This meant that shots and blocking had to be planned well in advance for the robots to be programmed.", "It also made the production period much longer than expected.", "When the script was finished, Cuarón assumed it would take about a year to complete the film, but it took four and a half years." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 10, 3 ]

[ "In 2004, Six Flags began a series of commercials linking all of the parks.", "The commercials were notable for a new mascot, \"Mr. Six\", an apparently feeble old man in a tuxedo and red bow tie.", "In many of the commercials, Mr. Six would slowly exit a multi-colored bus, only to start frenetically dancing to the Vengaboys' \"We Like to Party\".", "The commercials were an immediate hit and Mr. Six almost instantly became the official mascot, although he was initially retired after the 2005 season.", "These ads have become widely parodied on the Internet, with faces from other Internet memes being superimposed over Mr. Six's face.", "From 2008 to 2010, Six Flags' TV ads have a \"Fun-O-Meter\" in which the beginning of the ad may show something boring or embarrassing and a man's face judges it \"One Flag!\"", "or sometimes \"Two Flags!\"", "Then roller coasters and attractions of Six Flags are shown and says \"Six Flags, More Flags, More Fun!\"", "for Six Flags parks.", "However, the thick accent of the Asian man in the original commercials had drawn criticism for being an offensive caricature.", "In 2009, the Mr. Six character came back from retirement and replaced the Asian man in Six Flags' ads, still using the Fun-O-Meter.", "Since 2011, Six Flags' TV ads got a brand-new slogan \"Go Big!", "Go Six Flags!\"", "for its current Six Flags theme parks." ]

[ 5 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Yellowstone climate is greatly influenced by altitude, with lower elevations generally found to be warmer year round.", "The record high temperature was in 2002, while the coldest temperature recorded is in 1933.", "During the summer months of June through early September, daytime highs are normally in the range, while nighttime lows can go to below freezing (0 °C)—especially at higher altitudes.", "Summer afternoons are frequently accompanied by thunderstorms.", "Spring and fall temperatures range between with cold nights in the teens to single digits (−5 to −20 °C).", "Winter in Yellowstone is very cold with high temperatures usually between zero to 20 °F (−20 to −5 °C) and nighttime temperatures below zero °F (−20 °C) for most of the winter.", "Precipitation in Yellowstone is highly variable and ranges from annually near Mammoth Hot Springs, to in the southwestern sections of the park.", "The precipitation of Yellowstone is greatly influenced by the moisture channel formed by the Snake River Plain to the west that was, in turn, formed by Yellowstone itself.", "Snow is possible in any month of the year, with averages of annually around Yellowstone Lake, to twice that amount at higher elevations.", "Tornadoes in Yellowstone are rare; however, on July 21, 1987, the most powerful tornado recorded in Wyoming touched down in the Teton Wilderness of Bridger-Teton National Forest and hit Yellowstone National Park.", "Called the Teton–Yellowstone tornado, it was classified as an F4, with wind speeds estimated at between .", "The tornado left a path of destruction wide, and long, and leveled of mature pine forest.", "Both high elevation areas are classified as humid continental (Dfb), according to Köppen-Geiger climate classification." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 1 ]

[ "One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" for the first time on \"Red or Black?\"", "on 10 September 2011.", "The performance started with hosts Ant & Dec announcing that the band was supposedly running late for their appearance, and cut to a video of One Direction boarding a London Tube carriage full of fans, as the studio version of the song began playing.", "Each fan on the tube was given a numbered ticket.", "The band and fans disembarked the tube and made their way to the television studio, where the remainder of the song was sung live.", "After the song, Styles caught a numbered ticket raining onstage.", "The number corresponded to a ticket held by a fan from the tube; the colour of the fan's shirt was the correct answer for the \"Red or Black?\"", "challenge.", "The band performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" after its B-side, \"Na Na Na\", at the BBC Radio 1 Teen Awards on 9 October 2011.", "The band also performed the song to open telethon \"Children in Need 2011\" on 19 November 2011.", "After \"Gotta Be You\" and \"One Thing\", One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at Capital FM's \"Jingle Bell Ball\" on 4 December 2011, at The O2 Arena.", "They performed a medley of \"She Makes Me Wanna\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" with JLS on the \"The X Factor\" eighth series final on 10 December 2011.", "The group performed \"One Thing\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" on \"Dancing on Ice\" on 5 February 2012.", "In Italy, the band performed the song at the 2012 Sanremo Music Festival on 14 February 2012.", "In France, they performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\" on \"Le Grand Journal\" on 22 February 2012.", "In the United States, One Direction performed the song along with \"More than This\" and \"One Thing\" for the first time on \"The Today Show\" at the Rockefeller Center on 12 March 2012.", "An estimated 15,000 fans descended on the plaza.", "Melissa Lonner, senior entertainment producer for \"The Today Show\", said: \"One Direction is relatively unknown with no hits yet.", "They basically exploded, and all the adults are saying, 'Who are these people, and how do they know about it?'\".", "They also performed the song at the 2012 Kids' Choice Awards on 31 March 2012.", "One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\" on the NBC comedy television show \"Saturday Night Live\" on 7 April 2012, and also appeared in a comedy sketch with Sofía Vergara.", "In Australia, they performed \"One Thing\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at the 54th Logie Awards, where they also presented an award for \"Most Popular New Female Talent\" on 15 April 2012.", "On 12 August 2012, One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London, which represented the handover to Rio de Janeiro as the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics.", "It was included on the set list of the group's headlining sold-out show at Madison Square Garden on 3 December 2012.", "One Direction performed the song on two of their major concert tours: Up All Night Tour (2011–12) and Take Me Home Tour (2013)." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 15 ]

[ "The demand for consistency between a quantum description of matter and a geometric description of spacetime, as well as the appearance of singularities (where curvature length scales become microscopic), indicate the need for a full theory of quantum gravity: for an adequate description of the interior of black holes, and of the very early universe, a theory is required in which gravity and the associated geometry of spacetime are described in the language of quantum physics.", "Despite major efforts, no complete and consistent theory of quantum gravity is currently known, even though a number of promising candidates exist.", "Attempts to generalize ordinary quantum field theories, used in elementary particle physics to describe fundamental interactions, so as to include gravity have led to serious problems.", "At low energies, this approach proves successful, in that it results in an acceptable effective (quantum) field theory of gravity.", "At very high energies, however, the result are models devoid of all predictive power (\"non-renormalizability\").", "One attempt to overcome these limitations is string theory, a quantum theory not of point particles, but of minute one-dimensional extended objects.", "The theory promises to be a unified description of all particles and interactions, including gravity; the price to pay is unusual features such as six extra dimensions of space in addition to the usual three.", "In what is called the second superstring revolution, it was conjectured that both string theory and a unification of general relativity and supersymmetry known as supergravity form part of a hypothesized eleven-dimensional model known as M-theory, which would constitute a uniquely defined and consistent theory of quantum gravity.", "Another approach starts with the canonical quantization procedures of quantum theory.", "Using the initial-value-formulation of general relativity (cf.", "evolution equations above), the result is the Wheeler–deWitt equation (an analogue of the Schrödinger equation) which, regrettably, turns out to be ill-defined.", "However, with the introduction of what are now known as Ashtekar variables, this leads to a promising model known as loop quantum gravity.", "Space is represented by a web-like structure called a spin network, evolving over time in discrete steps.", "Depending on which features of general relativity and quantum theory are accepted unchanged, and on what level changes are introduced, there are numerous other attempts to arrive at a viable theory of quantum gravity, some examples being dynamical triangulations, causal sets, twistor models or the path-integral based models of quantum cosmology.", "All candidate theories still have major formal and conceptual problems to overcome.", "They also face the common problem that, as yet, there is no way to put quantum gravity predictions to experimental tests (and thus to decide between the candidates where their predictions vary), although there is hope for this to change as future data from cosmological observations and particle physics experiments becomes available." ]

[ 5 ]

[ 4 ]

[ "With its scrubby sun-baked chaparral, stately groves of pine, fir, and sequoia, and expanses of alpine woodlands and meadows, Yosemite National Park preserves a Sierra Nevada landscape as it prevailed before Euro-American settlement.", "In contrast to surrounding lands, which have been significantly altered by logging, the park still contains some of old-growth forest.", "Taken together, the park's varied habitats support over 250 species of vertebrates, which include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.", "Along much of Yosemite's western boundary, habitats are dominated by mixed coniferous forests of Ponderosa Pine, Sugar Pine, Incense-cedar, White Fir, Douglas Fir, and a few stands of Giant Sequoia, interspersed by areas of Black Oak and Canyon Live Oak.", "A relatively high diversity of wildlife species is supported by these habitats, because of relatively mild, lower-elevation climate and the mixture of habitat types and plant species.", "Wildlife species typically found in these habitats include American black bear, Bobcat, Cougar, Gray fox, Mule deer, Mountain kingsnake, Gilbert's skink, White-headed Woodpecker, Brown Creeper, Spotted Owl, and a wide variety of bat species.", "In the case of bats, large snags are important as roost sites.", "Going higher in elevation, the coniferous forests become purer stands of Red Fir, Western White Pine, Jeffrey Pine, Lodgepole Pine, and the occasional Foxtail pine.", "Fewer wildlife species tend to be found in these habitats, because of their higher elevation and lower complexity.", "Species likely to be found include Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel, Chickaree, Fisher, Steller's Jay, Hermit Thrush, and Northern Goshawk.", "Reptiles are not common, but include Rubber Boa, western fence lizard, and Northern Alligator Lizard.", "As the landscape rises, trees become smaller and more sparse, with stands broken by areas of exposed granite.", "These include Lodgepole Pine, Whitebark Pine, and Mountain Hemlock that, at highest elevations, give way to vast expanses of granite as treeline is reached.", "The climate in these habitats is harsh and the growing season is short, but species such as Pika, Yellow-bellied Marmot, White-tailed Jackrabbit, Clark's Nutcracker, and Black Rosy Finch are adapted to these conditions.", "Also, the treeless alpine habitats are the areas favored by Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep.", "This species, however, is now found in the Yosemite area only around Tioga Pass, where a small, reintroduced population exists.", "At a variety of elevations, meadows provide important, productive habitat for wildlife.", "Animals come to feed on the green grasses and use the flowing and standing water found in many meadows.", "Predators, in turn, are attracted to these areas.", "The interface between meadow and forest is also favored by many animal species because of the proximity of open areas for foraging and cover for protection.", "Species that are highly dependent upon meadow habitat include Great Grey Owl, Willow Flycatcher, Yosemite Toad, and Mountain Beaver." ]

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[ 2 ]

[ "A video game titled \"Despicable Me: The Game\" was released for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable and Wii.", "A Nintendo DS version was released under the name \"Despicable Me: Minion Mayhem\".", "Namco also released a version for the iPhone and iPad platform entitled \"Despicable Me: Minion Mania\", developed by Anino Games.", "An application for iOSs and Androids was also released under the name \"Despicable Me: Minion Rush\".", "It was developed by Gameloft and made available to the public in 2013." ]

[ 3 ]

[ 9, 10 ]

[ "In golf croquet, a hoop is won by the first ball to go through each hoop.", "Unlike association croquet, there are no additional turns for hitting other balls.", "Each player takes a stroke in turn, each trying to hit a ball through the same hoop.", "The sequence of play is blue, red, black, yellow.", "Blue and black balls play against red and yellow.", "When a hoop is won, the sequence of play continues as before.", "The winner of the game is the player/team who wins the most hoops.", "Golf croquet is the fastest-growing version of the game, owing largely to its simplicity and competitiveness.", "There is an especially large interest with competitive success by players in Egypt.", "Golf croquet is easier to learn and play, but requires strategic skills and accurate play.", "In comparison with association croquet, play is faster and balls are more likely to be lifted off the ground, as seen in this video footage.", "In April 2013, Reg Bamford of South Africa beat Ahmed Nasr of Egypt in the final of the Golf Croquet World Championship in Cairo, becoming the first person to simultaneously hold the title in both association croquet and golf croquet.", "As of 2011, the Women's Golf Croquet World Champion was Rachel Rowe (England)." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "The FBI's murder investigation was reviewed by the House Select Committee on Assassinations in 1979.", "The congressional Committee concluded:", " The Federal Bureau of Investigation adequately investigated Lee Harvey Oswald prior to the assassination and properly evaluated the evidence it possessed to assess his potential to endanger the public safety in a national emergency.", " The Federal Bureau of Investigation conducted a thorough and professional investigation into the responsibility of Lee Harvey Oswald for the assassination.", " The Federal Bureau of Investigation failed to investigate adequately the possibility of a conspiracy to assassinate the President.", " The Federal Bureau of Investigation was deficient in its sharing of information with other agencies and departments." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 9 ]

[ " Jack Black as Po, an energetic yet accident-prone giant panda.", "He is also a die-hard fan of the Furious Five and kung fu, despite the fact that his father wants him take over the family noodle shop.", "To everyone's surprise, Po is chosen as the Dragon Warrior by Master Oogway, and in the end he defeats Tai Lung.", " Dustin Hoffman as Master Shifu, an old red panda who is the stern kung fu master to the Five and (unwillingly) to Po; he is troubled over mistakes in the past and is the former-master and adoptive father of Tai Lung.", " Angelina Jolie as Tigress, a tiger and leader of the Furious Five.", "She is the most hostile to Po when he's chosen as the Dragon Warrior, but eventually accepts him when he defeats Tai Lung.", " Jackie Chan as Monkey, a Gee's golden langur and member of the Furious Five; he has an easygoing attitude, and like Sun Wukong, the Monkey of Chinese folktales, he is adept with a staff.", " Lucy Liu as Viper, a Green Tree Viper and member of the Furious Five; she is kind and the most good-natured to Po when he is chosen as the Dragon Warrior.", " Seth Rogen as Mantis, a Chinese mantis and member of the Furious Five; he is extremely strong for his size and is also experienced in acupuncture.", " David Cross as Crane, a Red-crowned Crane and another member of the Furious Five; he tends to be both practical and sarcastic.", " Ian McShane as Tai Lung, a muscular snow leopard, who was denied the Dragon Scroll by Master Oogway.", "After rampaging the Valley of Peace for being denied the scroll, Tai Lung was sent to Chorh-Gom Prison for twenty years, after which he escaped and returned for revenge.", "He is the adoptive son and former-student of Shifu.", " Randall Duk Kim as Master Oogway, Shifu's mentor and the wise leader of the Jade Palace.", "He is an ancient Galápagos tortoise.", " James Hong as Mr. Ping, Po's father, a happy-go-lucky Chinese goose who runs a noodle restaurant along with his son, who is unwilling to follow in his father's footsteps.", " Dan Fogler as Zeng, a Chinese goose who is Shifu's nervous messenger.", " Michael Clarke Duncan as Commander Vachir, a Javan rhinoceros who is the boastful warden of Chorh-Gom Prison, where Tai Lung is imprisoned." ]

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[ 5 ]

[ "A week later the band agreed to Harrison's terms for returning to the group, which included abandoning the cold and cavernous soundstage at Twickenham.", "Sessions resumed on 22 January when the Beatles moved to Apple Studios.", "Multi-track recording began on that date and continued until 31 January.", "Harrison brought in keyboardist Billy Preston to ease tensions and supplement the band for the live performances.", "Preston worked with the Beatles throughout their stay at Apple Studios.", "The live concert idea culminated with the Beatles and Preston performing on 30 January on the rooftop of the Beatles' Apple Building at 3 Savile Row before a small audience of friends and employees.", "The performance was cut short by the police after complaints about noise.", "The complete concert has circulated among bootleg collectors for many years.", "Three numbers recorded at the rooftop concert, \"Dig a Pony\", \"I've Got a Feeling\" and \"One After 909\", do appear on the album, while several spoken parts of the concert appear between tracks that were recorded in studio.", "The band played hundreds of songs during the \"Get Back\"/\"Let It Be\" sessions.", "Aside from original songs ultimately released on the \"Let It Be\" album, there were early versions of many songs that appeared on \"Abbey Road\", including \"Mean Mr. Mustard\", \"She Came in Through the Bathroom Window\", \"Sun King\", \"Polythene Pam\", \"Golden Slumbers\", \"Carry That Weight\", \"Something\", \"Maxwell's Silver Hammer\", \"Oh!", "Darling\", \"Octopus's Garden\", and \"I Want You (She's So Heavy)\".", "Still others would eventually end up on Beatles' solo albums, including Lennon's \"Jealous Guy\" (called \"Child of Nature\" at the time and originally written and rehearsed for the \"White Album\") and \"Gimme Some Truth\", Harrison's \"All Things Must Pass\", \"Isn't It a Pity\", \"Let It Down\" and \"Hear Me Lord\", and McCartney's \"Another Day\", \"Teddy Boy\", \"Junk\" (originally written for the \"White Album\") and \"The Back Seat of My Car\".", "Much of the band's attention was focused on a broad range of covers, extended jams on 12-bar blues, and occasional new efforts such as Lennon's uncompleted \"Madman\".", "These included classical pieces such as Samuel Barber's \"Adagio for Strings\", jazz standards such as \"Ain't She Sweet\", and an encyclopaedic array of songs from the early rock and roll era such as \"Stand By Me\", \"Words of Love\", \"Lonely Sea\", \"Bésame Mucho\" by Mexican composer Consuelo Velázquez (a song that was part of The Beatles' repertoire in the early days) and \"Blue Suede Shoes\".", "Multiple Bob Dylan songs were also played, including \"Positively 4th Street\", \"All Along the Watchtower\" and \"I Shall Be Released\".", "Only a handful of these were complete performances; the vast majority were fragmentary renditions with at most a verse or two of misremembered lyrics.", "The rehearsals and recording sessions were filmed and formed the basis of the Beatles' film of the same name.", "Two songs appearing on the album were not recorded during the Apple Studios sessions.", "\"Across the Universe\" had been recorded at EMI Studios in February 1968, and \"I Me Mine\" was not recorded until January 1970 after John Lennon's unannounced departure from the group." ]

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[ 2 ]

[ "Athletes have historically been far more successful as a group than other celebrities on the show.", "At the end of the spring 2011 season, 28 athletes have competed on the show, representing 20% of the contestants.", "They've won six competitions and placed second four times; a collective success (win or runner-up) rate of 36%.", "In other words, better than one third of the athletes who have appeared on the show have finished either first or second.", "This is far better than the rate for reality-show contestants, supermodels, actors, politicians and other celebrities.", "Musicians/singers, at 27%, are the second most successful group.", "It is speculated by the cast and staff on the show as well as the athletes themselves, that they have several advantages in some key areas:", "Physical ability – Many of the physical abilities associated with gifted athleticism such as strength, agility, quickness, balance, stamina and more generally, body control and muscle coordination, are also considered useful and advantageous qualities in competitive dancing.", "Training and coaching – Athletes are familiar with effective and efficient training techniques.", "Professional dancer Cheryl Burke states, \"They are used to being coached and they respond to criticism better than, say, actors\".", "Casting director Deena Katz says, \"They know their limits and don't overtrain like some others do\", and so they avoid injuries, which hamper many of the contestants.", "Competitive instinct – Successful athletes are competitive individuals and therefore comfortable in an environment which encourages \"bettering\" an opponent.", "In addition, they are familiar with performing under pressure and in some cases, thrive on it.", "Highly successful, elite athletes are capable of performing at their highest level when it is most important.", "They are able to focus and possibly even \"raise\" the quality of their performance during the biggest of competitions, whereas other contestants may falter under the same pressure.", "There are disadvantages as well, particularly with the larger athletes such as football and basketball players.", "Some of these athletes have difficulty making their over-sized frames look graceful on the dance floor.", "However, this can also be an advantage: since this struggle with their large size is often plainly apparent during their performances, voters will tend to give them more leeway in this area, while an actor or singer with known dance background or training may be held to a higher standard in the voters' minds.", "In every season finale in which an athlete was present, and was either tied for the top of the leader board or one point behind the leader said athlete went on to win the season.", "This has happened on five occasions:", "Season 3: Emmitt Smith and Mario Lopez tied in the finale, with both scoring 89/90", "Season 5: Helio Castroneves scored one point behind Mel B in the finale, scoring 84/90 to her 85/90 (Castroneves is the only, male, non-NFL player for this to occur to)", "Season 8: Shawn Johnson and Gilles Marini tied in the finale, with both scoring 88/90 (Johnson is the only female athlete for this to occur to)", "Season 12: Hines Ward and Chelsea Kane tied in the finale, with both scoring 89/90 (Kane, however, landed in third place)", "Season 14: Donald Driver scored one point behind Katherine Jenkins in the finale, scoring 89/90 to her 90/90" ]

[]

[ 2 ]

[ "Van Gogh began painting in late summer 1888 and continued into the following year.", "One went to decorate his friend Paul Gauguin's bedroom.", "The paintings show sunflowers in all stages of life, from full bloom to withering.", "The paintings were considered innovative for their use of the yellow spectrum, partly because newly invented pigments made new colours possible.", "In a letter to his brother Theo, Van Gogh wrote: \"It is a kind of painting that rather changes in character, and takes on a richness the longer you look at it.", "Besides, you know, Gauguin likes them extraordinarily.", "He said to me among other things - 'That...it's...the flower.'", "You know that the peony is Jeannin's, the hollyhock belongs to Quost, but the sunflower is somewhat my own.\"" ]

[ 0 ]

[ 3, 4 ]

[ "Throughout the 20th century, Stonehenge began to be revived as a place of religious significance, this time by adherents of Neopagan and New Age beliefs, particularly the Neo-druids.", "The historian Ronald Hutton would later remark that \"it was a great, and potentially uncomfortable, irony that modern Druids had arrived at Stonehenge just as archaeologists were evicting the ancient Druids from it.\"", "The first such Neo-druidic group to make use of the megalithic monument was the Ancient Order of Druids, who performed a mass initiation ceremony there in August 1905, in which they admitted 259 new members into their organisation.", "This assembly was largely ridiculed in the press, who mocked the fact that the Neo-druids were dressed up in costumes consisting of white robes and fake beards.", "Between 1972 and 1984, Stonehenge was the site of the Stonehenge Free Festival.", "After the Battle of the Beanfield in 1985, this use of the site was stopped for several years and ritual use of Stonehenge is now heavily restricted.", "Some Druids have arranged an assembling of monuments styled on Stonehenge in other parts of the world." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 3 ]

[ "DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleotide sequence of a given DNA fragment.", "The sequence of the DNA of a living thing encodes the necessary information for that living thing to survive and reproduce.", "Therefore, determining the sequence is useful in fundamental research into why and how organisms live, as well as in applied subjects.", "Because of the importance of DNA to living things, knowledge of a DNA sequence may be useful in practically any biological research.", "For example, in medicine it can be used to identify, diagnose and potentially develop treatments for genetic diseases.", "Similarly, research into pathogens may lead to treatments for contagious diseases.", "Biotechnology is a burgeoning discipline, with the potential for many useful products and services.RNA is not sequenced directly.", "Instead, it is copied to a DNA by reverse transcriptase, and this DNA is then sequenced.", "Current sequencing methods rely on the discriminatory ability of DNA polymerases, and therefore can only distinguish four bases.", "An inosine (created from adenosine during RNA editing) is read as a G, and 5-methyl-cytosine (created from cytosine by DNA methylation) is read as a C. With current technology, it is difficult to sequence small amounts of DNA, as the signal is too weak to measure.", "This is overcome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification." ]

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[ "The Normandy landings were the first successful opposed landings across the English Channel in over eight centuries.", "They were costly in terms of men, but the defeat inflicted on the Germans was one of the largest of the war.", "Strategically, the campaign led to the loss of the German position in most of France and the secure establishment of a new major front.", "In larger context the Normandy landings helped the Soviets on the Eastern front, who were facing the bulk of the German forces and, to a certain extent, contributed to the shortening of the conflict there.", "Although there was a shortage of artillery ammunition, at no time were the Allies critically short of any necessity.", "This was a remarkable achievement considering they did not hold a port until Cherbourg fell.", "By the time of the breakout the Allies also enjoyed a considerable superiority in numbers of troops (approximately 7:2) and armoured vehicles (approximately 4:1) which helped overcome the natural advantages the terrain gave to the German defenders.", "Allied intelligence and counterintelligence efforts were successful beyond expectations.", "The Operation Fortitude deception before the invasion kept German attention focused on the Pas de Calais, and indeed high-quality German forces were kept in this area, away from Normandy, until July.", "Prior to the invasion, few German reconnaissance flights took place over Britain, and those that did saw only the dummy staging areas.", "Ultra decrypts of German communications had been helpful as well, exposing German dispositions and revealing their plans such as the Mortain counterattack.", "Allied air operations also contributed significantly to the invasion, via close tactical support, interdiction of German lines of communication (preventing timely movement of supplies and reinforcements—particularly the critical Panzer units), and rendering the Luftwaffe ineffective in Normandy.", "Although the impact upon armoured vehicles was less than expected, air activity intimidated these units and cut their supplies.", "Despite initial heavy losses in the assault phase, Allied morale remained high.", "Casualty rates among all the armies were tremendous, and the Commonwealth forces had to use a recently created category—Double Intense—to be able to describe them." ]

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