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README.md
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- Arabic-dialect
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size_categories:
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- 1K<n<10K
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- Arabic-dialect
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size_categories:
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- 1K<n<10K
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---
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# Dialect2SQL
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## Dataset Description
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**Dialect2SQL** is a novel dataset designed for the **Text-to-SQL** task in **Arabic dialects**, with a particular focus on **Moroccan Darija**.
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It provides natural language questions written in Darija, paired with corresponding SQL queries and database schemas.
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The dataset enables research on **low-resource natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDB)** in non-standard Arabic varieties.
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---
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## Dataset Summary
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Dialect2SQL aims to bridge the gap between Arabic dialects and structured query understanding.
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The dataset consists of manually and semi-automatically curated **Darija–SQL** pairs mapped to realistic database schemas spanning multiple domains (e.g., education, e-commerce, banking, and transportation).
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Each entry contains:
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- a **Darija** question (`darija_question`)
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- an optional **English translation** (`en_question`)
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- the **SQL query** (`sql`)
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- the **database schema** (`db_schema`)
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- the **database name** (`db_id`)
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---
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## Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
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### Task: Text-to-SQL / NLQ-to-SQL
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Given a natural language question written in **Darija (Moroccan Arabic)**, the goal is to generate the correct **SQL query** that retrieves the requested information.
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**Example Task:**
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| Field | Example |
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|-------|----------|
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| `darija_question` | شحال من تلميذ عندو أكثر من 15 ف الرياضيات؟ |
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| `en_question` | How many students scored more than 15 in mathematics? |
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| `sql` | SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Grades WHERE subject = 'Mathematics' AND grade > 15; |
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| `db_schema` | CREATE TABLE Grades(student_id number, subject varchar, grade real); |
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| `db_id` | School_DB |
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---
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## Languages
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- **Darija (Moroccan Arabic)** — primary source language
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- **English** — provided for reference and cross-lingual studies
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---
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## Data Splits
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| Split | Size (approx.) | Description |
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|-------|----------------|-------------|
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| `train` | ~7,000 | Main training set |
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| `validation` | ~1,000 | Development split |
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| `test` | ~1,000 | Evaluation split |
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| `Dialect2SQL` | full dataset | Combined dataset file |
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---
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## Dataset Structure
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Each row in the dataset includes:
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| Column | Description |
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|---------|--------------|
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| `db_id` | Database identifier |
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| `db_schema` | SQL table definitions |
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| `darija_question` | Question in Moroccan Darija |
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| `en_question` | English translation (optional) |
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| `sql` | Target SQL query |
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---
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## Use Cases
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- Fine-tuning **text-to-SQL models** for Arabic dialects
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- Research on **multilingual and dialectal NLIDB systems**
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- **Cross-lingual transfer learning** for SQL understanding
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- Evaluating **low-resource adaptation** of code LLMs (e.g., Qwen, StarCoder, Codex)
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---
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## Limitations
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- The dataset currently focuses on **Moroccan Darija**, and performance may not generalize to other Arabic dialects.
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- Some questions are written using **Arabic script**, while others mix **Latin characters** (Arabizi), reflecting real user input diversity.
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- SQL coverage is limited to **single-domain, schema-bounded** tasks.
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---
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## Citation
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If you use this dataset, please cite the following paper:
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{chafik2025dialect2sql,
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title={Dialect2SQL: A Novel Text-to-SQL Dataset for Arabic Dialects with a Focus on Moroccan Darija},
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author={Chafik, Salmane and Ezzini, Saad and Berrada, Ismail},
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booktitle={Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Arabic Corpus Linguistics (WACL-4)},
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pages={86--92},
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year={2025}
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}
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