sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, the constraint called CapabilityConsistency,which is depicted in Figure 4, states that only available capabilities can be assigned to an agent.
Sentence 2: these .xed variables of odp­state, e.g., the current agents and their available capabilities cannot be changed during recon.guration as the controller does not have in.uence on that.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: J. Ovlinger and M. Wand, A Language for Specifying Recursive Traversals of Object Structures, Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA 99), Denver, CO, 1999.
Sentence 2: p. Tarr, H. Ossher, W. Harrison, and S. Sutton, N Degrees of Separation: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns, International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 99), Los Angeles, CA, 1999.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In 3rd International Workshop on Predictor Models in Soft­ware Engineering, page 9, 2007.
Sentence 2: the algorithm operates in two phases: First Phase: a nearest-neighbor graph is extracted and a min-cut graph partitioning algorithm is used to partition the data items (classes in our case) into a pre-de.ned number of subclusters M. The number of clusters after this phase is M plus C, where C is the number of connected components in the graph.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: LarsenandHarrold[18]introducedtheconceptofaclassde­pendencegraphandadaptthesystemdependencegraphfor object-orientedsoftware.Theirprogramrepresentationfully representsthefeaturesofobject-orientedsoftwareincluding inheritanceandpolymorphism.Theyusethisprogramrep­resentationforslicingobject-orientedsoftware[18].Liang andHarroldextendedtheprogramrepresentationoncemore forusewithobjectslicing[19].
Sentence 2: therearealsotwodiferentkindsofedges.Aninsideedge representsreferencescreatedinsidethecurrentanalysisre­gion.Insideedgesfromoutsidenodesornodesreachable fromoutsidenodesrepresentthesituationinwhichtheun­analyzedregionmayreadareferencecreatedinsidethecur­rentanalysisregion.Anoutsideedgerepresentsreferences createdoutsidethecurrentlyanalyzedregion.Outsideedges representthesituationinwhichthecurrentanalysisregion readsareferencecreatedinanunanalyzedregion.eachoutsideedgepointstoaloadnode.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Server s2 .rst generates view (2, {a, b, c, d, e}), which has a wrong view identi.er; then, when s2 receives the last proposal from s1, it generates the correct view (3, {a, b, c, d, e}).
Sentence 2: note that ns memb is just a membership set, not a view.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The correct measurement of software parameters on client computers can improve software devel­opment decisions, resulting in optimal choices for platforms and versions and to powerful applications increasing user satisfaction in the Internet community.
Sentence 2: to obtain information also for those cases in which Java is non-functional or absent, and to ensure that measurements can be obtained from most user computers, we developed and tested a combination of PHP, HTML, Javascript, and Java.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this case T4 interferes with T0 because T0 is writing .eld b and T4 is reading .eld b, resulting in a true data dependence.
Sentence 2: prior to the incorporation of structure slicing, mapping a task t in Legion required a mapper to respond to the following queries from the Legion runtime: Select the target processor for the task t  For each logical region r that t has privileges, select a target memory in which to create or reuse a physical instance of r   Array-of-Structs (AOS), C-array ordering over 3-D space    Struct-of-Arrays (SOA) , C-array ordering over 3-D space     Fortran-array layout of 2-D Slices of 3-D space, with interleaved SOA slices of fields Fig.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this case, both the component that provides the interface and the component that requires the interface have to be modified the former to realize the new functionality, and the latter to request it.
Sentence 2: a component that needs to be replaced has to stop being active and become quiescent, the components that it communicates with need to stop communicating with it; the component then needs to be unlinked, removed and replaced by the new component, after which the configuration needs to be relinked and restarted.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Padding is inserted between the members as necessary to satisfy the alignment constraints of the machine.
Sentence 2: holes arising from inter-.eld padding cannot be detected and reused, as in the following example: struct A0 {} struct A: A0 { char x; int y; }; struct B: A { char z; }; There is some alignment padding between A::x and A::y, but in the layout of B, our formalization does not allow z to be stored in this unused space, as the data of A is considered to be contiguous.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Section 4 describes the analy­ses required to eliminate redundant data transfer between the GPU and host processor across specializer calls, which increases perfor­mance up to 20× on various problems.
Sentence 2: embedded DSLs (DSELs) have the additional advantage [7] that programs can take advan­tage of most or all features of the embedding language, and that complete programs in the embedding language can include sub­programs in multiple distinct embedded languages.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: while not treating a message, processes keep: a colored P-token -sometimes- For every process, upon reception of a message: If the process has two P-tokens /* one was carried by the message, */ /* one was already at the process */ Then the process merges them into one.
Sentence 2: tokens also move randomly (the coin flips determine they stay or move) and merge when they meet in the J. Beauqnier, S. Cordier and S. Dela~t [1] (1995) solution for uniform unidirectional rings.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (a)RMSE v. training time(b)RMSE Evolution Figure 2: (a) RMSE as a function of the training pe­riod.
Sentence 2: these approachesyield stronger resultsthan[22] as gradient descent does not always converge to the original matrix,orevena minimizerof theRMSE.Nevertheless,gra­dient descent methods reduce the RMSE even when entries are not removed uniformly at random whichistrueforthe system we study.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: These applica­tions are very small and therefore an arti.cially large portion of their methods are involved in communication.
Sentence 2: the result yields a clean interface for the bounded buffer and the intu­itive speci.cation for the pipeline: Mp =({produce, consume}, {GPipe }, Ø) GPipe =({produce}, {consume}) Mb =({enqueue, dequeue}, {GBu.er }, {IBu.erClient }) GBu.er =({enqueue, dequeue}, {enqueue, dequeue}) IBu.erClient =({enqueue}, {dequeue}) At the pipeline level, we can now regard the bounded buffer just as we do memory.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this narrow con­text, we see some of the only evidence that prior experience in the project ecosystem may allow an individual to sidestep some of the standard learning processes and begin to commit directly to core elements of the project.
Sentence 2: one of the authors worked with members of the community, and utilized information from norms and practices, such as referencing bug numbers in source code commit messages, to link together all the elements.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This accounts for the ease with which we have implemented otherwise com­plicated analysis and transformations: Reasoning about a single execution path is inherently simpler than reasoning about an entire .owgraph.
Sentence 2: the macros reverse, member, use and def compute, respectively, list reversal, list membership, the list of variables referenced in an assignment and the variable de.ned by an assignment.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The list includes at least workflows, collaboration templates (a collection of services connected by a set of workflows), architecture, application templates (i.e., a family of related applications that can be substantiated by a variety of published services and workflows), test cases and test scripts, test evaluation results, policies (commonly used in SOC), and various social ranking.
Sentence 2: for example, Hadoop, an open-source cloud computing program, has a machine-learning component Mahout [Mahout 2009] that can learn and adjust the software system behavior.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The National Weather Sensor Grid * Hock Beng Lim, Keck Voon Ling, Wenqiang Wang, Yuxia Yao, Mudasser Iqbal, Boyang Li, Xiaonan Yin, Tarun Sharma Intelligent Systems Centre Nanyang Technological University  limhb@ntu.edu.sg http://nwsp.ntu.edu.sg/nwsp Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.4 [Distributed Systems]: Distributed applications General Terms Design, Experimentation, Measurement  Keywords Sensor Networks, Grid Computing, Sensor Grid, Sensor Data Management, Data Visualization, Web Integration 1 Introduction With the rapid advances in technologies such as MEMS sensors, low-power embedded processing and wireless net­working, sensor networks are becoming more powerful in terms of data acquisition and processing capabilities.
Sentence 2: sensor networks often operate as sepa­rate information silos, and the sensor resources and data can­not be easily shared.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This concept offers several ad­vantages, as we observed that: In multi-target systems, many transformation rules share some common parts either in the NAC, LHS or RHS and only slightly differ from one rule to another one.
Sentence 2: colored transformation rules based on these colored model elements can be therefore specified and applied in order to produce various user interfaces with dif­ferent modalities of interaction, depending on the context of use.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Using Dynamic Execution Traces and Program Invariants to Enhance Behavioral Model Inference Ivo Krka , Yuriy Brun§, Daniel Popescu , Joshua Garcia , and Nenad Medvidovic Computer Science Department §Computer Science &#38; Engineering University of Southern California University of Washington Los Angeles, CA 90089-0781, USA Seattle, WA 98195-2350, USA { krka,dpopescu,joshuaga,neno}@usc.edu brun@cs.washington.edu ABSTRACT Software behavioral models have proven useful for design, validation, veri.cation, and maintenance.
Sentence 2: the beginning of Trace 3 is captured in the re.ned automaton with the following FSA sequence: StackArisF ullisEmpty S0 .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Spoon allows for the definition of program processors and annotation processors that use Compile-Time reflection, which is achieved with an extension of Sun s APT.
Sentence 2: compared to other frameworks (such as JAC [7], Spring-AOP [4], and JBoss AOP [1]), Spoon is by far more efficient since it avoids reflection or proxying when unneeded.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: MarinovandO Callahanpro.leto.ndobject equivalence inwhichtheircontentsarethesame,buttheirlifetimesaredis­joint[31].ForSPECjvm98andtwoJavaserverprograms,theyreportmemorysavingsof2%to50%ifallequivalentobjectscouldbemerged.Theirresultsprovidemotivationforourwork,butweusethecompilertorealizethesesavingsandarenotrestrictedtoequivalentcontentorsizedobjects.
Sentence 2: whaleyandRinard[39]providethemostpreciseescapeanal­ysis[10,13,20],butnoimplementationofstackallocation.Theymeasuretheamountofmemoryclassi.edasstackallocatableandreportahigherpercentagescomparedtoChoietal.orBlanchetonsimilarprograms[10,13],e.g.,25%forjavac.Choietal.de­scribea.ow-sensitiveandinsensitiveescapeanalysisthatallocatesfrom2%to65%onthestack.theystate: Performancegainscomemainlyfromsynchronizationeliminationratherthanfromstackallocation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this paper, we present an automated technique for solv­ing safety problems for ATRBAC policies that goes beyond the limitations of available approaches by reusing the sym­bolic model checking technique in [19].
Sentence 2: if an action is not useful, it is guaranteed not to contribute to the computation of the set of backward reachable states and can thus be discarded without degrading the precision of the analysis.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: These are (i) displaying a posted comment by using a PHP variable $msg, (ii) showing an error message, if a given file name is not found by using a PHP variable $_GET( fname ), and (iii) greeting a user with his name by using a JavaScript variable name.
Sentence 2: table 12 shows a summary of the characteristics of these applications that include vulnerability ID, Lines of Code (LOC), and analyzed file names.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (a) Property 1 is upheld since there are no renames performed by this transformation.
Sentence 2: the following condition must be ful.lled both for C and recursively for any subclasses of C in T: If there is one or more methods named m in C or any of its superclasses, then the signature of m must be such that it will represent a legal overload, according to Java rules, with respect to the existing methods named m .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [16] S. A. McIlraith, T. C. Zeng, and H. Zeng.
Sentence 2: the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm is very suitable for this kind of environment since, in this architectural model, the appli­cations and devices that support them are abstracted like loosely-coupled services that can be integrated into bigger systems.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS) (March 2009), pp.
Sentence 2: while forward recovery and loose replay are often successful in reducing rollbacks and preservingwork done duringafailed epoch, theyap­pear to be most bene.cial forCPU-bound applications with longer epoch durations.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Di.erent feature combinations result in Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Sentence 2: using the JML statements assert and assume, we were able to provide an intermediate goal with which Simplify is able complete the proof: //@ assert(forall int k; 0<=k &#38;&#38; k (exists int z; 0<=z &#38;&#38; z<tmp.length; tmp[z]==data[k])); //@ assume(forall int k; 0 (exists int z; 0<=z &#38;&#38; z<tmp.length; tmp[z]==data[k])); 2Average duration of the automated veri.cation of product Sorted Stack Snoc Cons ListBase over .ve runs: stan­dard parameters 2.3s, one additional loop step 3.1s.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 2.3 Distributed Computation of Correlation Graph In this subsection, we brie.y describe how the correlation graph of a sensor network is constructed by piggybacking ad­ditional messages over the normal data-gathering messages, and adding correlation hyperedges.
Sentence 2: each sensor has a unique ID, and a radio interface, which is used to communicate directly with some of the sensors around it.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Xdelta detects 77% of the .le as new and CDC even clas­si.es 84% of the .le as new.
Sentence 2: this is illustrated in Figure 14 For a second experiment, we modi.ed a short Call for Papers document with Adobe Acrobat 5.0 and Apple s Pre­view application by adding a circle symbol as review com­ment.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A dynamic slice [8], computed with respect to the execution trace of a failing execution E, excludes statements, and NPAs, that do not execute in E. Thus, it could exclude some of the possible NPAs identi.ed by our stack-trace­guided approach.
Sentence 2: exception-chain analysis: Revealing exception handling architectureinJavaserver applications.In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Software Engineering, pages 230 239, May 2007.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Fu n c t i o n 4 recursePropagation(setOfCPS:Set, cont:Context):void 1: for all cps 2 setOfCPS do 2: deTarget := cps.getDE() 3: multTgt := deTarget.getMultiplicity() 4: if (multTgt.upperBound() = 1) or (cont = GC) then 5: propagate(cps, GC) 6: if not multTgt.upperBound() = 1 then 7: for all locCtx 2 SetOfLocalContexts do 8: localCPS := locCtx.mergeWithCPS(cps) 9: propagate(localCPS, locCtx) 10: else 11: propagate(cps, cont) Function 4 then performs the propagation recursively.
Sentence 2: if we select in a speci.c Room sub-con.guration a Locking actuator, then only the associated (but all of them) Opening sub-con.gurations should have a Lock fea­ture.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We now formally de.ne an expose function that works along the DP dimension: expose rc(P )= expose r(P ) .expose c(P ) The following theorem shows that moving along the DP dimen­sion is a precision reducing transformation.
Sentence 2: the paper effectively contained two very complex abstract algorithms, and a few discontinuous transformations where their application was only described informally.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Given a lin­ear control design problem, we set up a non-convex optimization problem to minimize a weighted combination of the LQR-LQG cost function and the implementation error.
Sentence 2: (b(eq1)+ b(eq2)), (5.7) PM GM where PM and GM are phase and gain margins, w1,w2,w3 are weighting factors, .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: When Java is proposed by Sun, it mainly targets client applications running in the brows­er, so it uses a stack-based bytecode which is more compact, minimizing the consumption of network bandwidth.
Sentence 2: after the trace is compiled, JITC-Droid will mark the start point of the trace so that the interpreter could immediately invoke the compiled code when the control .ow transfers to this trace.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We .rst used our of.ine execution behavior characterization to gen­erate the ECG for all benchmarks.
Sentence 2: in order to estimate the dynamic execution time, we need pro.le information of regions of code that correspond to edges in the ECG H. We acquire this by generating a collapsed control .ow graph G. =(V ,E) from the control-.ow graph G =(V, E) of the program.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the above example the web application can request this behavior by including: <field type="hidden" name="rdc-onClick-0­submittype" value="automatic"> Automatic submission is ideal for scenarios such as phone­based login: as soon as a username and password are entered and confirmed on the phone's keypad the web-application proceeds to the next page.
Sentence 2: the RDC agent detects the presence of this tag and sends an HTTP Request (R1 in Figure 5) to the personal device requesting its first key exchange message.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: SEMANTIC FAULT DIAGNOSIS Semantic Fault Diagnosis (SFD) is the process of auto­matically providing natural-language fault descriptions to developers based upon source code and dynamic informa­tion.
Sentence 2: aCKNOWLEDGMENTS This material is based upon work supported by the Na­tional Science Foundation, through Award CCF-1116943 and through Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Energy-e.cient soft real-time cpu scheduling for mobile multimedia systems.
Sentence 2: when wcc increases beyond 20 × 106 , DET chooses the frequency (f = U)tominimize the system energy under the wcc case, while OPT can still use fee to achieve better expected energy savings by con­sidering the probabilistic workload information.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We wish to avoid any additional pro.ling runs or exhaus­tive search over different data sets, so our decision is based on static compiler analysis of the program structure and run­time parameters.
Sentence 2: we achieved average (up to) speedups of 4.51x and 4.20x (143x and 67x) respectively over a sequential base­line.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Reduce all ß-redexes where the abstracted variable occurs free exactly once in the body of the abstraction.
Sentence 2: using a family of normal Haskell data types, this restriction could be achieved by the use of a dummy type class: class Data a => Tree a instance Tree Stm instance Tree Exp instance Tree Var instance Tree Typ renameTree :: Tree a => a -> a renameTree = rename we would like the class Tree to be closed, something which is currently only achievable using hacks such as not export­ing the class.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For any event e and attribute attr, attr(e) denotes the value corresponding to the attribute attr in e, and e[v/attr] denotes the event obtained from e by replacing the value of attribute attr by v. The theoretical results in this section hold for any types of events corresponding to any concurrent ob­jects whose behaviors can be described with serial speci.cations.
Sentence 2: since the branch events do not have serial speci.cations, they are allowed to appear anywhere in a trace without affecting the consistency of the trace.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In POPL 02: Proceedings of the 29th ACM Symposium on the Principles of Programming Languages, New York, NY, USA, 2002.
Sentence 2: to check the procedure for conformance to the speci.cation, the analysis searches for solutions to the following formula: R(c) and P(c, c ) and A(c, a) and A(c , a ) and not S(a, a ) (1) A solution, if one exists, witnesses a pair of concrete states whose corresponding abstract states do not satisfy the spec­i.cation a counterexample to the claim that the procedure satis.es the speci.cation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: quantization errors); (3) tool errors incorporated by a tool within the tool-chain that contains implementation bugs or that has not been set up correctly (e.g.
Sentence 2: the adoption of guidelines and pat­terns for modelling has certain advantages: (1) increase of com­prehensibility (readability), (2) maintainability, (3) reusability and extensibility, and (4) ease of testing.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For the benchmark suite used in Section 6.2, aliasing is not particularly important for proving array bounds and integer over.ow properties.
Sentence 2: dF (since P f represents c) and the fact that for all x, VAL(uninit,x)= Z. Inductive step: suppose s is a trace such that P f represents s, let n .
Relationship: neutral