sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Suppose first that there is an occurrence of U (call it U2 for the moment) between the last two occurrences of V (call them V1 and V2) on the chain.
Sentence 2: if the procedure P contains the internal pro­cedure Q, then P is the static parent of Q, and Q is a static child of P. As with any such relationships, we define a static ancestor of Q to be either the static parent of Q or, recursively, a static ancestor of the static parent of Q.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Copyright 2005 ACM 1-59593-121-X/05/0005 $5.00 As will be discussed, the inclusion of industrial case studies in evidence-based software engineering (EBSE) is not with­out its challenges [15].
Sentence 2: the XP2-EF is a collaboration with researchers at University of Cagliari in Italy who have sent a doctoral student to North Carolina State University (NCSU) for a period of almost three months.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium (PETS 14), volume 8555 of LNCS, pages 63 82.
Sentence 2: some of these requirements may require signi.­cant extensions to existing PIR schemes, or a new scheme; for example, several works study PIR schemes which are robust to benign and/or byzantine failures [Gol07, DGH12, DG14].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For a WCET optimization that must be aware of a valid WCEP, an if-else statement,for which theWCEPgoes ei­ther through the then-or else-partin different contexts, is not crucial since a path switch can not emerge.
Sentence 2: acceleratingWCET-drivenOptimizationsby theInvariantPathParadigm aCaseStudy ofLoopUnswitching * PaulLokuciejewski,FatihGedikli,PeterMarwedel ComputerScience12 TUDortmundUniversity D-44221Dortmund,Germany FirstName.LastName@udo.edu Abstract The worst-case executiontime(WCET) being the upper bound of the maximum execution time corresponds to the longest path through the program s control .ow graph.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The contribution of this paper is thus to propose a dis­tributed PaaS approach which .ts the decentralized nature of mobilesystemsbyintegrating thecapabilitiesof(private) mobile resource providers and allowing them to form a dy­namic alliancefor each upcomingbusinessprocess.
Sentence 2: wORKPAD: An Adaptive Peer-to-Peer Software Infrastructure for Supporting Collaborative Work of Human Operators in Emergency/Disaster Scenarios.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The description of the compareTo method from the Java Collection Framework or the equals and hashCode methods of Dbject allexemplify this.
Sentence 2: categories and Subject Descriptors D.1.5[Programming Techniques]: Object-oriented Programming; D.2.5[Testing and Debugging]:TestingTools General Terms Reliability, Languages, Design Keywords Mouldable Programming,Java, JUnit, UnitTest­ing, Test Data Generation, Axioms, Data Invariants, Pro­gramTransformation 1.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We treat methods containing dangerous edges as dangerous methods , and then apply an algorithm that walks the interprocedural con­trol .ow graph for P ' to .nd the set of a.ected methods that can be reached via control .ow paths through one or more of the dangerous methods.
Sentence 2: we have been researching a test suite augmenta­tion technique that uses genetic algorithms.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The obtained code has been executed on the host Windows machine, exercising it by means of the same interface designed for the other implementation, and the execution of this implementation has been compared, on the identified test cases, with the execution on the target platform.
Sentence 2: in this paper we report instead how the introduction of diversity in the adopted model driven development process helps to improve safety of the produced equipment.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) frameworks, FCI is used to implement advice weaving [15] on a set of preset control points, which are de.ned to be an entry or exit of functions with the same concern, such that a piece of associated code is inserted to execute whenever the points are reached by the program in execution.
Sentence 2: a function call interception technique can offer an easy way of plugging in new code into an existing software code base, as the following example demonstrates.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: There is a possibility to extend any description, in.­nitely [32], and so a child psychologist may extract very different .ndings from the video data than parties conducting pattern analysis, for example.
Sentence 2: it provides empirical resources which designers may use to support their reasoning about what typi­cally goes on in particular places and, in considering the bricolage of patterns that coalesce around particular technologies therein, to identify potential application areas for design.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [[let x = e1 in e2]]G = M let e =[[e1]]G put s = CState $ (s, cs) -> (Left (), (s , cs)) 1 M 2 get = CState $ (s, cs) -> (Left s, (s, cs)) e =[[e2]]G in if e1 is of functional type ora constant fromCacheEither :: forall s a.
Sentence 2: it is clear that the generated monadic code can be im­provedincertainways.Indeed,acloserexaminationofthemonad­i.ed code generated by our compiler for the tracing example re­veals that most of the calls to add2Cache function can be opti­mized away.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Secondly, as location and ac­cess transparency are the basis for most other relevant mid­dleware properties, one possible system model that embod­ies object-readiness is the Fault-Tolerance Naming Service (FTNS).
Sentence 2: the key for achieving scalable and main­tainable distributed systems is dependability, because oth­erwise the complexity of distribution would leave the sys­tem uncontrollable.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [32] J. Cleland-Huang, R. Settimi, C. Duan, and X. Zou, "Utilizing Supporting Evidence to Improve Dynamic Requirements Traceability," in Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering: IEEE Computer Society, 2005.
Sentence 2: 3.2 Term Extraction The text fragments analyzed for similarity needs to be pre­processed before any comparison can take place.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Thus,weneedafltertothewritebarrierwhichgetsridof recordingnon-structurebindings.Thisspecialtrailopera­tionisexactlytheWAM-liketrailoperation: voidbtrail(int*t)fif(t:BB)*TT;;=t;g Sincevariablebindingsareperformedmainlyingetinstruc­tions,btrail()isusedbythesubsetofget'sannotatedto CollectingCompactingAfterGC TT -trail roots TT - TT - ST free -........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... free -young -........... ........... ........... GL - GL GL old old Figure5:CGCOverview non-structureterms,whereastrail()isusedbytheonean­notatedtostructureterms.Thisrefnementgreatlyreduces thenumberofrootsinrememberedsetswithnoextracost.
Sentence 2: onlyonekindofvariables,i.e.,stackvariables,isusedin theLVMmodel.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.Adetailedempirialevaluationinludinglargepro­grams(upto25,000lines)whihshowssurprisingly largenumbersoffeldstobeinlinable(12­40%ofall objetfelds)andonsistentruntimeperformaneim­provementsrangingfrom4­29%withameanof14%.
Sentence 2: dynamifeldinliningdoespreserveprogramse­mantiswhenitisappliedtoaone-to-onefeld,asweprove below.4 Lemma1(Dynamifeldinliningpreservessharing).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: By im­plementing the algorithm in the interconnect driver, the algorithm needs to track bytes being moved through the interface, monitor special behaviors of the device such as RDMA operations, and, for the most part, does not need to worry as much about MPI level se­mantics.
Sentence 2: dejaVu: Transparent user-level checkpointing, migration and recovery for distributed systems.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: System quality might also be in.uenced by the choice of components to provide the required services (because of multiple implementation of the same functional­ity with di.erent extra-functional properties) and the choice of hardware resources to run the system on.
Sentence 2: for example, a heuristic evolution is to move a component from an over-utilised server to a lightly utilised server.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: An application of the function Fi in the form (#pi R)M in the source program is interpreted in the target program as #pi (F (pi = M)), where the corre­sponding function F ' in the overloaded function is selected i up to the record label pi.
Sentence 2: the embedding into the target type is not full 4(p1 : t1, .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This statement may have been motivated by the results of an experiment by Crowder and Morton highlighting the suffix effect [1] whereby nonspeech sounds (unlike speech) are shown not to impair short­term memory.
Sentence 2: for example, Schaffer et al [7] showed that, compared to the full­zoom method, the fisheye view allowed users to navigate more quickly and retain information about previously navigated spaces more easily.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [HH98]R.HastiandS.Horwitz.Usingstatisingleassign­mentformtoimproveIow­insensitivepointeranaly­sis.InProeedingsoftheSIGPLAN'g8Conferene onProgrammingLanguageDesignandImplementa­tion,pages97-105,June1998.
Sentence 2: 3.5.4Indiretsynhronizationremoval Forarestritedase,ouroptimizationisabletoremove synhronizationoperationsonobjetssubjettoontention bymultiplethreads.IntheMarmotruntime,anobjet's lokandhashodedataarestoredinaorresponding,dy­namiallyreatedextensionobjet.Theobjetextension operationmustsynhronizeonagloballok,ratherthanon theobjetbeingextended,astheobjet'slokisnotyet reated.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 1, 2, and 3 can withstand the compromise of at most 1 ma­licious node in the network using ARC-P with parameter 2F =2 (each graph is (2,2)-robust but not (3,3)-robust).
Sentence 2: if a set S is (r, s)-reachable, we know there are at least s nodes in S with at least r neighbors outside of S. if S is (r, s)­ ' reachable, then it is (r, s)-reachable, for s' = s. Also, it is clear that s =|S| and all subsets of nodes of any digraph are (r, 0)­reachable.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.2 [Software Engineering] Design Tools and Techniques Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE), D.2.11 [Software Engineering] Software Architectures Patterns, D2.13 [Software Engineering] Reusable Software Reusable libraries, Reusable Models, I.3.7 [Computing Methodologies] Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism.
Sentence 2: the actions themselves are of course specific to this particular scenario but the fact that one or more actions are happening in a particular sequence occurs quite often in these kinds of applications.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: + outputLatency(., slot) 9: iCost =min(iCost, pCost(., slot)) 10: iSlot = slot with minimum iCost 11: end for 12: if iCost .instCost then 13: inst = .
Sentence 2: the .nal utilization penalty can be described as follows: ....................... (5) ......................................... ...................................... Local ALU contention (localALUCntn) is not scaled because it is more precise -we estimate it based on the exact expected execution time.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Revisiting a lesson from the late 1960 s [15], Fay also demonstrates the ef.ciency and extensibility bene.ts of using safe, statically-veri.ed machine code as the basis for low-level execution tracing.
Sentence 2: fay tracing may sometimes be best done directly on the command line, or through a PowerShell script, despite the limited opportu­nity for optimization, PowerShell is part of the stan­dard Windows monitoring toolset, and is well suited to processing and analysis of object sequences such as trace events [55].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: How­ever, a number of recent .eld studies have identi.ed that error handling design in industrial applications typically exhibits poor quality independently of the underlying programming language and application domain.
Sentence 2: categories and Subject Descriptors D.1.5 [Software]: Object-oriented programming Exception Han­dling; H.1.2 [Information Systems]: User/Machine Systems Software psychology; H.5.2 [Information Systems]: User Inter­faces Evaluation/methodology  Keywords Exception handling, interactive visualization, human aspects, user studies.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: GATES INTERVIEWER: In a company like Microsoft, where you have 160 programmers, how do you go about cre­ating an environment where you can develop success­ful programs?
Sentence 2: less traditional (but more successful) forms of software components, such as software frameworks, program­ming languages, and middleware infrastructures, fall on the syntag­matic axis.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Given the deluge of digital information created and this situa­tionof uncertainty,a.rst necessary stepistobeabletorespond quickly, even if preliminary, by the timely creation of archives, with minimum overhead associated that would support later en­gagement in more costly preservation actions.
Sentence 2: pageRankandbreadth-.rstaregoodstrategiestocrawl important contentontheweb[5,2],butsincethese genericap­proachesdonotcoverspeci.cinformationneeds, focusedortopi­cal crawlshave beendeveloped[4,14].these approaches have only a vague notion of topicality and do not address event­based crawling.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The cases where the variable a is universally bound are handled by (J) and (K): if a appears in an unbounded graph of D then the latter applies: the constraint is not satis.able because a cannot be constrained to range only over f types.
Sentence 2: the logic X must at least comprise the following language of types: t ::=a |unit |t .t |t ref |e(t¯)|p(t¯)|... Types include type variables, a base type unit, functions and refer­ences types.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Irregular parallelism in these applications is often expressed in the form of dynamically generated threads of work that can be executed in parallel, generally represented as a Di­rected Acyclic Graph (DAG).
Sentence 2: the proposed algorithm considers two di.erent types of servers: (i) a p-CSWS server for managing the exe­cution of each task in the system; and a (ii) residual capac­ity work-stealing server for managing each residual capacity that is dynamically generated by the earlier completion of jobs.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: By replicating the device , it is possible to model synchronous I/O operations performed by a user agent on a collection of devices.
Sentence 2: in imperative and object oriented programming languages, where side-e.ects may exist, de­bugging is normally performed by inspecting the current state of the program, represented by the value of global vari­ables, placing assertions in certain veri.cation points in the code.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Recommender systems, which are integral part of the e­commerce web sites such as Net.ix and Amazon, and social web sites such as YouTube are often based on statistical models that are estimated from data sets containing a very high portion of missing ratings [2].
Sentence 2: in that case, we can categorize parts of the code that may need to be tested as follows: category #1: The parts of the code with instances of Controller that may or may not be initialized.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The ASP calculus ensures the two following properties [?
Sentence 2: even if it is ignored, the presence of an orphan message could involve inconsistency during the re-execution, both from a data consistency point of view and from a synchronisation point of view: the applicative content of the ignored duplicated message must be the same as the applicative content of the original message,  the synchronization triggered by this message can be signi.cant and then must be ensured.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Generally, the authoring of iDTV applications uses some language that follows the declarative paradigm, such as XHTML, SMIL or NCL.
Sentence 2: hYPERMEDIA-BASED TEXTUAL AUTHORING Hypermedia languages have, implicitly or explicitly, a lot of information that can be exploited by an authoring environment in order to improve the author s interaction and reasoning on the source he/she is producing.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For IELR(1) con.ict counts, we show adjustments to ac­count for unresolved con.icts that are perfectly duplicated among isocores.
Sentence 2: when a is declared left-associative, LALR(1) accepts only 2 input sentences, but IELR(1) ac­cepts the same set of 3 input sentences that canonical LR(1) does.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Although matching Yoran s 19 vulnerabilities with 19 of our own would be nice, it may not be practical in respect to indexing known software bugs against those vulnerabilities.
Sentence 2: cAN-2004-0413), Privilege escalation, Denial of service (crash, memory corruption) 2.3.8 .. (dot dot) attack With this attack, a user can access locations outside of their restricted space by sending malformed data (involving substrings like ../ ) to a program with the desired privilege (ex.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Interval-Based Analysis of Software Processes * Some text in this electronic article is rendered in Type 3 or bitmapped fonts, and may display poorly on screen in Adobe Acrobat v. 4.0 and later.
Sentence 2: iNTRODUCTION Complexembeddedsystemssuhasmobileommuniation deviesandautomotiveontrolormulti­mediasystemstyp­iallyhavealargesoftwaresharethatommonlyonsistsof severalsoftwareproesses.Thesouresoftheseproesses anbelassifedfrstlyintofuntionswrittendiretlyinan implementationlanguage,traditionallyCandmorereently C++basedlanguageextensions.Seondly,standardode generatorsproduesoftwareproessesfrommoreabstrat modelingtoolsthatareestablishedindustrypraxisinertain appliationdomains(e.g.signalproessingorommunia­tionprotools).Thirdly,reusedomponents(legayode, IP)areinreasinglyinludedinthedesigntoreduethe amountofdesignworkrequired.Forthesafeintegration ofthesediferentheterogeneoussystempartsnotonlythe funtionbutalsonon­funtionalpropertiesofthesoftware proesseshavetobeanalyzedandtakenintoaount.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Consumer andreader system callsdifferby whetherthey destroydatain thekernel.For example, readingdatafrom a pipe deletes the kernel s copy of that data.
Sentence 2: for example,while .le writes within atransaction are notvisible to other threads in the same process until that transaction commits, theyareimmediatelyvisible to threads runningin otherprocesses.Thisis a result of ourchoiceof user-mode sentinelsforisolation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Injecting Mechanical Faults to Localize Developer Faults for Evolving Software Lingming Zhang1 Lu Zhang2 Sarfraz Khurshid1 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, 78712, USA Email: zhanglm@utexas.edu, khurshid@ece.utexas.edu 2Key Laboratory of High Con.dence Software Technologies (Peking University), MoE, Beijing, 100871, China Email: zhanglu@sei.pku.edu.cn Abstract This paper presents a novel methodology for localizing faults in code as it evolves.
Sentence 2: fIFL directly uses the existing mutation testing results of the old program version to boost the fault localization re­sults while avoiding the limitations of iteratively applying subsets of program edits.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Formally, let us suppose we have sorting networks A, B, and C,where A and C have width m and B has width k. Label the inputs of A as A1,A2,...,Am and the outputs as A1',A'2,...,A',where i<j means that A'receives a mi value less than or equal to A'j .
Sentence 2: in the fol­lowing, we assume that k is .nite, and present bounds on step complexity that depend on k.  Analysis.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Some cloud providers [24, 25, 26] propose several distributed data centres to minimise failures.
Sentence 2: for example, the node provisioning keeps a table of available resources: If the developer wants to deploy an application on the resource, the controller can notify the node provisioning to allocate new resources for the ap­plication when the available resource is not suf.cient.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Proceedings of IEEE, 91(1):127 144, 2003.
Sentence 2: [9] J. Eker, J. W. Janneck, E. A. Lee, J. Liu, X. Liu, J. Ludvig, S. Neuendor.er, S. Sachs, and Y. Xiong.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: eu/ [21] C. Sandru, D. Petcu, and V. I. Munteanu, Building an Open-Source Platform-as-a-Service with Intelligent Management of Multiple Cloud Resources, in UCC 2012: IEEE 5th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing.
Sentence 2: sENSAPP, which may store private data, has to be deployed in a private cloud.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Early work on Islands [36] and Balloons [3] focused on fully encapsulated objects where all subobjects an object can access are not ac­cessible outside the object.
Sentence 2: for example, if both the Stack and its iterator are imple- Figure 2: An Ownership Relation mented in the same module, we can still reason about their correctness locally, by examining the code of that module.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This is similar to different mime types, but goes further: if both a story and a task are represented in XML without referencing XML Schema definitions, a machine might not be able to tell apart these representations.
Sentence 2: if the response for getting a story card does not 3 Richardson presented the model at his Nov 20th 2008 QCon talk Justice Will Take Us Millions Of Intricate Moves , see http://crummy.com/writing/speaking/2008-QCon/act3.html include a link to start it, the client can trust the service to have determined this operation to not be possible.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Reimagining Leaderboards: Towards Gamifying Competency Models through Social Game Mechanics Katie Seaborn Peter Pennefather Deborah I. Fels University of Toronto University of Toronto Ryerson University 5 King s College Road 144 College Street 350 Victoria Street Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8 Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2 Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3 kseaborn@mie.utoronto.ca p.pennefather@utoronto.ca dfels@ryerson.ca ABSTRACT Competency models have been widely employed within education, training and development contexts.
Sentence 2: iCCM 2012, IEEE (2012), 863 866.
Relationship: neutral