sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This is in fact necessary to de.ne recursive bindings like those in the letrec construct mentioned above (see the letr case in the de.nition of bindingInfo in Fig.
Sentence 2: this set of properties includes nearly all the ones purely about substitution and a-equality that we needed while formalizing the semantics of Nuprl (a cousin of Coq) in Coq [4].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Center Univ of Southern California 4009 Miranda Avenue  Two NorthShore Center, Suite 320 Los Angeles, CA 90089, U.S.A. Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A. Pittsburgh, PA 15212, U.S.A. {malek,cseo,neno}@usc.edu sharmila.ravula@rtc.bosch.com brad.petrus@rtc.bosch.com Abstract It has been widely advocated that software architecture provides an effective set of abstractions for engineering (families of) complex software systems.
Sentence 2: unlike the services provided by pub-sub components that are platform-specific, MIDAS applica­tions also require a number of more generic but less fre­quently used services.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Note that the ajc scanner does not add tokens to the JDT scanner, except for some keywords, so the pointcuts are tokenized as anyother partof the source .le.Forexample, the pointcutofthe caching aspectin Figure3is scannedtothe follow­ing list of tokens: execution ( * Fib .
Sentence 2: types will be very dif.cult to identify by a scanner in the input .le, so this approach is rather unlikely to work.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.2 [Software Engineering]: Design Tools and Tech­niques State Diagrams; D.2.1 [Software Engineering]: Requirements/Speci.cations General Terms Languages, Design, Theory, Algorithms  Keywords Scenarios, State Machines, Message Sequence Charts, UML 1.
Sentence 2: pROGRAM COMMITTEE The SCESM 06 program committee consisted of: Yves Bontemps (University of Namur), Alexander Egyed (Teknowledge Corp.), Holger Giese (University of Paderborn), Martin Glinz (University of Zurich), Jean-Marc J´ez´equel (IRISA, France), Joy Chakraborty (Motorola India), Ingolf Kr¨uger (University of California, San Diego), Hillel Kugler (New York University), Stefan Leue (University of Konstanz), Wilhelm Sch¨afer (University of Paderborn), St´ephane Som´e (University of Ottawa), Tarja Syst¨a (Tampere University of Technology), Sebastian Uchitel (Imperial College, London), Albert Z¨undorf (University of Kassel) and the organizers   5.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The possibility that consensus power alone may not completely characterize the relation between shared objects was already raised by Herlihy with the in­troduction of the wait-free hierarchy [13].
Sentence 2: for other objects like Jayanti s weak-sticky object [15] the implementation de­pends on a known concurrency bound n. It is thus plausible that the unbounded concurrency model exposes a gap in the strength of in.nite power consensus objects: some may not be strong enough to solve consensus in the unbounded con­currency model.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, several RTS techniques collect coverage data, such as statement, branch, or method coverage, to use in selecting test cases to include in Ti/ for testing Pi+1 (e.g., [2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14]).
Sentence 2: in this case, each of these modules will have different regression test suites, and they need to be integrated together to provide fewer false positives in the retesting.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Proposition 5 (Canonical Forms).
Sentence 2: in the combined setting, the result of applying region inference to the binding of h yields the following region-annotated version of the binding: val h = g[r1] (2,3)at r1 In this region-annotated version of the binding, the pair (2,3) is allocated in the global region r1, which happens to be the same region in which the closure returned by g is allocated.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Investigat-ing the Applicability of Architecture Description in Configu- ration Management and Software Deployment.
Sentence 2: a run-time model of the same system might contain information such as the current state of a component or connector (e.g., 'not started,' 'running,' 'suspended,' 'blocked,' 'error state'), where a component is running in a distributed sys- tem (e.g., which machine, what processor, its process ID), and its communication status (e.g., events or calls waiting to be proc- essed, a history of recently processed requests).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 85.71 Support the visualization of the history of the collaboration through log files and/or timelines 71.42 Support the tracking of each collaborator s individual contribution 71.42  Support collaborators communication; integrate instant messaging features in the application 57.14 Visualize what others are doing in real time 57.14 Adapt application to several devices; make sure collaborators using different devices can work together in real time 42.85 Support collaborators in providing feedback, comments, annotations, rankings 42.85 Design the application for the web; web-based collaboration 42.85  Table 2 List of the most considered design issues in the applications considered As expected, most of the issues in the two tables are common.
Sentence 2: users should have available a straightforward and user friendly way to track their own contribution to the collaboration.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Thosecorrespondtodeadlines66,33,22,and16msec perframe.Inourexperimentsthedeadlinesweremet foreachframeinthetestedmovies.Figure4showsthe resultsoftheenergyconsumptionforthreeofthetest moviesforTransmetaandXScale.SimilartoATRre­sults,ourproposedschemeconsumeslessenergythanthe otherschemes.
Sentence 2: notethatmorethanonehintcanbeexecuted beforethePMPwithoutharm.Thecompilerisessentially mappingthetimeintervaltothestaticprogramcodeand insertingatleastonePMHinthatinterval.Thiswork dealswithnon-preemptiveapplicationsexecutinginthe system,whichisthecaseformanyembeddedsystems.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: It seems their drawbacks are signi.cant enough to constitute a true incentive for change, that may actually be su.cient to overcome conservative opposition (recall that this is a 30 years old design decision that a.ects all mod­ern OSs).
Sentence 2: it is neverthe­less possible dependent noise sources will require a di.erent model that should somehow be combined with ours.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this paper, we consider all these generalizations and solve the scheduling problem with two goals: (i) accommodate as many reservation requests as possible (all the requests in best case), and (ii) minimize the sum of total times that is required to transfer data for all accommodated requests.
Sentence 2: the worst case running time of this phase comes out to be O(N · (N + M)).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The example processor can fetch and execute up to three operations per cycle has three fully pipelined function units as detailed in Table 1 l The mnemonics for the various operations, binding of operations to units, and latency of operations are shown in the table.
Sentence 2: the term reservation table (RT) is used in a generic sense to represent either an SRT for LS or an MRT for IMS.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We can, therefore, construct a matching path of length 1 'k+1 'k+1 from t to t where 0 1 ' 'k+1 .st k 'k+1 .st k+1 .st m1 = m and t P = t1.P and t1 P = t P 11 1 ' 'k+1 .st i k .st Induction Step.
Sentence 2: the receiver peers must be capable of consuming these messages in.nitely often ensuring that the receive queues do not have to hold unbounded number of messages.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The cloud services should have a Quality of Service (QoS) that would include Quality of Protection (QoP) in addition to maintain privacy, security, reliability, availability, and management.
Sentence 2: cLOUD SERVICE SECURITY ISSUES Nowadays fingerprints are being used to authenticate users to gain access to different types of services on the internet, such as access to courses online, banks, etc [5].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the same iteration, sim(ptdby(w), ptdby(x)) = 1.0 = ß.
Sentence 2: the for-loop is a nested loop running over each uniquepair of variables(x, y).Lines 6 and 7 compute simi­larities for pointer-and location-equivalence using function sim().Thesimilaritiesarecheckedagainsttheinputthresh­olds to identify APEs and ALEs.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: According to this model, the applications are usually decomposed into independent tasks that are solved concurrently by the servers (the so called Data Grid applications).
Sentence 2: permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: InternationalSymposiumLowPowerElectronicsand Design,Monterey,CA,1998.
Sentence 2: incontrasttopopularperformance-orientedopti­mizationstrategiesadoptedbycurrentoptimizingcompilers inwhichtheseoptimizationsareusedtoreducethenumber ofexecutioncycles,weusetheseoptimizationsexplicitlyfor improvingenergybehavior.Specifcally,ourapproachfrst takesagivencodeandoptimizesitusingloop-leveltrans­formations(asifoptimizingforhighperformance).Ifthe codeisrunafterthesetransformations,itwouldnormally runmuchfasterthantheoriginal(input)code.insteadofdoingso,ourapproachscalesdownthesupply voltagetotheCPUsothattheexecutiontimeofthisopti­mizedcodebecomesthesameastheexecutiontimeofthe originalcode.sincereducingsupplyvoltagehasa quadraticefectondynamicenergyconsumption(thatis,it reducesdynamicenergyquadratically),theoptimizedcode (withvoltagescaling)wouldhavemuchlowerenergycon­sumptionthantheoriginalone(withoutvoltagescaling).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the case of the failure, the process sends one message to the currently residing process in the critical region, and if reply from the that residing process comes positive then that process simply updates its duration of time in the queue and if it fails to reply then the next process removes currently residing process entry from the queue as it is assumed that process is dead within the critical region.
Sentence 2: then and then next process can enter that critical region.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Based on [10], we can say that the relation between the parameters can be given as a set of equations: 1 p = (1 - (1 - )kn)k (10) m m k = ln2 (11) n The value k is chosen so as to minimize the probability p of false positives.
Sentence 2: both .exibility and decoupling do not come with­out a price.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Unfortunately, however, the constraint graph G is not static; new edges keep getting added to it (Line 5 of Algorithm 1).
Sentence 2: a node d dominates node n if all the paths from a start node s to n go through d. When multiple start nodes s1,s2, ..., si, ... exist, a usual trick is to create an extra start node s and add edges from s to all si.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Finally we present an optimization that is used to speed up the traversal of the dyDG by the above slicing algorithm.
Sentence 2: once having identi.ed these uses we statically introduce use-use edges from and u is established along path p, then that dependence would be represented by an unlabeled edge local to node for path p. if the dependence is established along some path other than p,it is represented using a labeled non-local edge between bd and bu.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: INTRODUCTION Statistical model checking techniques ([19, 11, 16]) based on Monte Carlo simulations have been proposed and de- Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Sentence 2: we have es­tablished that our method requires simulation length O(N) and the sample size in the worst case is KB.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: User Goals The construction of a transaction model that describes a service domain consists of 3 steps: the identification of common services in each domain, the identification of sequences of abstract tasks that a user must accomplish to obtain these services, and the identification of the concrete steps that a user must take to accomplish these tasks.
Sentence 2: it maintains one rule for each type of Web page in a Web site.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We have not systematically measured the performance overhead of using Forest.
Sentence 2: the automatically gen­erated auxiliary support includes: (1) a set of type declarations to represent the .lestore in memory; (2) a set of type declarations that capture errors and .le system attributes for the .lestore; (3) a load­ing function to populate these in-memory structures; (4) a storing function to push possibly updated structures back out to disk; (5) type class instance declarations that make it possible for program­mers to query, analyze, and transform .lestore data using generic functions; and (6) a set of useful generic functions/scripts that op­erate over instances of these type classes.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Additionally, there will be quantitative analysis of a library or framework to determine opportunities where structural subtyping would be advantageous.
Sentence 2: * Combining Structural Subtyping and External Dispatch Donna Malayeri Carnegie Mellon University donna@cs.cmu.edu Abstract By-name subtyping (or user-de.ned subtyping) and struc­tural subtyping each have their own strengths and weak­nesses.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Because garbage-collection activities could delay the processing of host requests, .ash­translation layers adopt two strategies to reduce this impact: 1) data separation, which identi.es frequently updated data (i.e., hot data) and writes data having similar update frequencies to nearby .ash space, and 2) victim selection, which prevents garbage collection from copying valid data that will get invalidated in the near future.
Sentence 2: the page lifetimes contributed by hot data are much shorter than that contributed by non-hot data.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A typical lock-free transaction fetches data, computes a provisional value and attempts to commit the update.
Sentence 2: breakdown of free() Requests Benchmark Threads %local %remote %offline Larson 16 37% 17% 49% Larson 64 11% 16% 73% Larson 256 6% 9% 85% mmicro 16 100% 0% 0% mmicro 64 100% 0% 0% mmicro 256 100% 0% 0% Linux-scalability 16 100% 0% 0% Linux-scalability 64 100% 0% 0% Linux-scalability 256 100% 0% 0% threadtest 16 13% 3% 84% threadtest 64 70% 0% 30% threadtest 256 93% 0% 7%  5.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In our optimized map­ping, the perfect square meshes, 22x22 and 45x45, are com­pressed onto 32x16 and 64x32, then they are folded into 3D grids (Section 3.2) and dilation 4 is realized.
Sentence 2: uRL: http:// www.research.ibm.com/ actc/ projects/ mpitracer.shtml.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: These mechanisms range from generating random inputs for methods (JCrasher [6]), to using symbolic ex­ecution [12] to create a symbolic representation of a pro­gram s execution (Symstra [16]), to many more.
Sentence 2: dur­ing symbolic execution, concrete conditions, i.e., condi­tions composed of only concrete values, are handled nor­mally, since the truth-value of the condition can be cal­culated and the correct execution path can be followed.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We picked a faulty version of the program and one test input that reveals the bug.
Sentence 2: we have experimentally validated that automatic suggestions for .xes is ef.cient when we additionally restrict the search to common classes of programmer errors, such as replace­ment of comparison operators (e.g., < by =) or off-by-one arith­metic errors.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In Proceedings of the 9th international Software Metrics Symposium, pages 40 49.
Sentence 2: maintenance cost of systemsduring thepastdecadesin­creased to more than 70 % of the overall cost of systems [21] because of many factors such as changes in software environment, new users requirements, and quality of sys­tems[2].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This is useful in the case of a dynamic disassembler: run­ning with stronger consistency models mayleave uncovered(i.e., non-disassembled) code.Instead, RC-CC forcesthedisassembly of the missing code.
Sentence 2: third,S2 E usesdynamicbinary translationtodirectlyinterpret x86 machine code, soit can analyze a wide range of software,including proprietary systems, even if self-modifying or JITed, as well as obfuscated andpackedbinaries.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Visual Basic was the programming language we used to develop our front end user interface, while Microsoft Access 7.0 was used to store, data processing, analysis, retrieve, and update our education database.
Sentence 2: if the developer is able to reuse design, model or code form common software architecture as a whole, a new application can be constructed with significantly few modification and adoptions, instead of developing an entire system, when only individual components can be reused, therefore lots of resources will be saved [2].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Furthermore, there are some global O-Constraints such as m = (left + right)~2; to-gether with formal/actual ¢-constraints we obtain mid = m = 2,1ast = right = 4 (condition 1 and 3).
Sentence 2: slices can be quite imprecise for realistic languages and programs, even if the best known algorithms are used.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To protect adjoining values from interference, writing a sub-register is typically implemented using a read-modify-write pattern, e.ectively doubling the number of load and store operations necessary to perform a single write.
Sentence 2: categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.3 [Programming Languages]: Language Constructs and Features domain-speci.c languages; D.1.2 [Programming Techniques]: Automatic Programming program synthesis; D.2.3 [Software Engineering]: Coding Tools and Techniques General Terms Design,Languages,Reliability  Keywords Device drivers, systems programming, domain-speci.c languages 1.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: All runs in paths have been constructed by evaluating differently branch instances in dif f w.r.t.
Sentence 2: dif f ; 20. pr = generatePaths(newpaths, br, dif f 1); 21. if (pr != Null) 22. return pr; 23. else 24. for each p in paths do 25. p3 = sub-path of p from br to eop; 26. if (p3 is infeasible) 27. remove p from paths; 28. if (paths is empty set) 29. return Null; 30. br= branch instance just prior to br in pf ; 31. return Null;  Figure 3: Algorithm to generate a successful run from the fail­ing run before proceeding to construct any other runs, since these two runs will lead to the same bug reports.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However, this adaptive process has a negative side effect, namely that sensory accuracy decreases, leading to impaired discrimination abilities.
Sentence 2: speech sound perception training aims at refining representational features and will focus on (a) brief sounds such as stop consonants; (b) sustained spectrally confusable sounds such as certain fricatives; and (c) distinction among vowels.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As the primary author of the EROS system [18] and its successor Coyotos [20], both of which are high-performance microkernels, it seems fair to characterize myself primarily as a hardcore systems programmer and security architect.
Sentence 2: for comparison, the corresponding context switch on a 90Mhz Pentium was between 1.35 and 2.4 µs, and even at that speed was very slow in proportion to the surrounding machine.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Our study points out that the source code of applications does not always evolve in sync with changes to the database schema, or it makes as­sumptions about schemas that can easily be violated.
Sentence 2: if the database schema is older than the application schema, i.e., X >Y , the routine brings it up to date using step-wise migration (lines 12 31) consisting of a suite of transformations Y .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: First, we assume that for each query symbol q there is a .xed tuple v of variables with the corresponding length and that each query with the symbol q is of the form q(v).
Sentence 2: the devel­opment efforts may need to be repeated to a large extent once a dif­ferent proof rule is employed, or programs in a different program­ming language are considered as input.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 6 The current implementation of the WebFormulate system uses the Orion EJB application server (www.orionserver.com).
Sentence 2: if errors are found, the client connection is notified; otherwise, the continual query is persisted to a CQBean that represents the continual query as a whole, and a ScheduleBean that represents the scheduling aspects of the continual query such as the time-based trigger, termination, and notification conditions.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: : S0 P .A-LTL/LTL, we use the following algorithm to mark the states of P with su.cient/necessary conditions in order for P to satisfy .. A product automaton is de.ned to be a tuple: Q =(SQ , S0 Q , T Q ), where SQ is a set of states with two .elds: (pstate, nextform).
Sentence 2: we mark received1 with obli­gations inv and !ready U sent.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Pre-eminent works on energy­aware operating systems are ECOSystem [16], Odyssey/Power-Scope [5] and Quanto [6].
Sentence 2: we also need to modify Android s framework to intercept the system calls to monitor resources usage by applications and changes in con­textual data, while also enabling communication between Android components and ErdOS ones: ActivitiesManager.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Section 4 presents our experience in using these ideas in YinYang, while interesting semantic and implemen­tation details are discussed in Section 5.
Sentence 2: observe that D(p, World, World.world) = 0 is de­rived from a binding relationship; by weakening this rela­tionship to prevent its use in deriving other B relationships, our problem is solved.
Relationship: neutral