sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: attack on Grain-v1, by using a guess-and-determine attack to decrease the sampling resistance by R =2-18 which re­sults in lower pre-computation complexity.
Sentence 2: 2.4 Attack on Other Estream and Block Ci­phers Modes of Operation: We applied our attack to break various Estream cipehrs and block cipher modes of operation while the existing TMD attacks cannot apply.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: P rocess then 21: DeleteThread(thread) 22: P rocess.Remove(thread) 23: end if 24: end if 25: return stack 26: end procedure Based on the context of execution, threads can be classi­.ed into: (a) User level thread -These threads operate in user priv­ilege level.
Sentence 2: if an entry is created in the write cache of the TLB that also exists in the code cache of the TLB, a module is said to be unloaded.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Bypassing these client controls by overriding the shell extension or breaking the clipboard viewer chain may cause the client to lose its functionality, but does not help to obtain any confidential information because the DOFS filter driver filters the file content on the server side.
Sentence 2: in addition, we will apply a set of obfuscation techniques to the package program to protect it from reverse engineering by attackers.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: In this paper, we propose a framework to use computation and memory bound functions to enforce some level of trust implicitly to the p2p entities, which help in curbing vamming, at least to a certain extent.
Sentence 2: although most of them are now based on proprietary signaling protocols, in future they are going to be based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [6], which is arguably the most dominant VoIP signaling protocol in packet based networks.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: When an organization has a new user or when a user s post changes, the administrator only needs to assign a new role to the user Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
Sentence 2: rEFERENCES [1] Xiao Yingshuang.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: This would remove the need to retransmit the entire message when a single chunk is lost.
Sentence 2: 3.1 Small Initial Messages Defense The defense in this section involves designing the protocol so that all messages are small until a cookie can be verified, and then having IKE (or a similar UDP-based protocol) pass a hint to the IP reassembly code as to which IP addresses should be preferred when reassembly resources are limited.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Due to these challenges, not surprisingly, we .nd that com­mercial proxy lists o.er a low precision in identifying PIPs and provide no support for distinguishing good PIPs from bad ones.
Sentence 2: this as­sumption might not be true because a normal user s com­puter can be hacked and turned into a bad PIP so this nor- Table 10: The user reputation in July 2011, for users who had positive reputation back in August, 2010.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Moreover, the content element of the AC-XML document groups the credential expressions of all the access control policies that apply to a node under the same conditions (i.e., the same access mode and the same content condition) and having the same propagation option.
Sentence 2: once all the nodes in r.nodes have been evaluated by AR­evaluation(), the corresponding view is generated by Algorithm 1.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The log must then check whether its pol­icy update meets the above criteria, such as being signed by at least min(UP_CA_MIN,UP_CA_TH) CAs from CA_LIST (of the old SCP).
Sentence 2: the total time taken by the browser was divided into several categories as shown in Table 2: pre-validation of MSCs, SCP parameter processing, MSC validation, and log proof validation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: From the normalized values of Table 5, it can be deduced that generating authorita­tive answers in SK-DNSSECwould cost the equivalent of 1.88 times a single computation of HMAC-MD5 over a 500-byte message with a key of 128 bits.
Sentence 2: secret-key cryptography requires unconditionally trusted TTPs which, in addition, have to be operated on-line.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: To illustrate this, let us take sub ject S with sensitivity Secret and categories {Nuclear, Military, Domestic}, and object O with sensitivity Con.dential and {Military, Domestic} as categories.
Sentence 2: to denote the label s0-s3:c0.c1 we write the following: mls(s0,[],s3,[c0,c1]) To expand this into a full security context, we use the functor sc, giving, sc(system u,object r,user t,mls(s0,[],s3,[c0,c1])) This particular example describes an object labeled with the type user t and the MLS label given above.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The individuals we interviewed represent a broad range of policyprofessionalsfromavarietyofdifferenttypesoforga­nizations with differing organizational structures and access­control needs.
Sentence 2: accounting departments, which typically allo­cate internal charges for network access and other services based on each employee s home department, are also poten­tial sources of information about employee internal move­ment and employee termination.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Table 3 shows that the boosted RIPPER, boosted C4.5, and K-NN clas­si.ers outperform the other classi.ers in terms of accuracy.
Sentence 2: since the social network properties of some trojan sam­ples, such as the average in-degree centrality and portion of system calls with in-/out-degree of 1, are similar to those of benign sam­ples, classi.ers need the discriminatory ability between some trojan and benign samples that are non-linearly separable.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 4http://crypto.stanford.edu/sjcl/  We have a developed a working prototype of the smartphone app, as well as the supporting infrastructure (integration mod­ules for the service provider, a proxy and an authentication helper to be integrated in the browser).
Sentence 2: if type = register, the web server creates a fresh account AccountU , and adds <KU , AccountU > to DBR.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The work [51] was (implic­itly) clear of this situation, and such a problem is ruled out, by de.nition, by simply de.ning two sessions ( B, X, Y ) A, and ( A, Y , X ) to be matching, no matter whether the two B, players have matching roles or not.
Sentence 2: {1, ··· ,n} and by setting the i-th session as the test-session and the player Pj as the peer player of the test-session.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: It is trivial to show that it is NP-Complete: guess an assignment of users to roles and then iterate through the graph and ensure that all roles and di.erent user constraints are satis.ed.
Sentence 2: by adding a self-same user constraint to edges which cyclically consume a user, any s-approvable graph can be converted into a u-approvable graph.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The concept of a Secure Build Server described in this sec­tion has no in.uence on the time needed to execute a build job for the .rst time.
Sentence 2: they argue that every at­tack on a software application has a location, a cause, and an impact: The attack needs an attack vector through which the data is transmitted to the target software application, which they call location.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: While retrograde and storage is a straightforward task in most cases, during these activities, the machines and the materials that support the election are often in transit and subject to various types of harmful access by unauthorized persons.
Sentence 2: it is easy to see that GTIP 2010 Dec. 7, 2010, Austin, Texas USA Copyright 2010 ACM 978-1-4503-0446-7/10/12 ...$10.00 1 Assuming that the security policies are valid.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Our imple­mentation supports dynamically-loadable kernel modules.
Sentence 2: the approach, as proposed, only enforces that valid code pages are executed, not that execution pro­ceeds according to a valid CFG; this is similar to the .rst validation option presented in Section 3.2.4, and will miss at least some jump-to-libc -style attacks, even persistent ones.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 4.4 Issues related to Delegation The delegation mechanism is implemented as follows.
Sentence 2: the informed consent is a general consent: it is not pos­sible to request or obtain consent for individual registrations of information in the EPD, but rather it is only possible to opt-out from using the EPD system as a whole or per care organization -with the possible addition of being able to opt-out per information category in the future.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: And some new upper bound on nonlinearity of t-resilient functions with satisfying PC were obtained in [8,17].
Sentence 2: [15] K.Kurosawa and T.Satoh .Design of SAC~PC(1) of Order k Boolean Function.~' and Three Other Cryptographie Criteria .Advances in Cryptology ,EUROCRYPT'97, Lecture Notes in Computer science 1233,1997, 434-449.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 2.2 Architectural Deployment ReasONets is deployed on two machines: the Network Log­ger, in charge of intercepting all the tra.c generated within the network, logging the network activity; and the Engine, in charge of performing analysis and reasoning, basing on collected data.
Sentence 2: its goal is to identify potential anomalies and trigger alerts in presence of suspicious network tra.c, rather than detect in­cidents and intrusions.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: ACM Classification Keywords K.6.5 Management of computing and information systems: Security and protection: Authentication Keywords Authentication, chunking, computer security, memory, passwords, Persuasive Technology, usable security Introduction User-chosen text passwords are the authentication method of choice for most online systems that require privacy and security.
Sentence 2: fogg [5] defines the new field of Persuasive Technology (PT) as interactive computing systems designed to change people s attitudes and behaviours .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: There is of course an increased over­head cost whenconsulting morethanjustthetop candidate; we analyze this cost below.
Sentence 2: our results will hold as long as there remains a similar relationship be­tween thelatencies(e.g., delayincurredby a user waitingfor access is much greater than delay incurred by a user modi­fying policy), which we feel is likely for the vast majority of access-control systems.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: (a) DTW-D-Sa, DTW-D-So (b) DTW-S-Sa, DTW-S-So (c) DTW-D-Sa, DTW-S-Sa (d) DTW-D-So, DTW-D-Sa (e) DTW-D-Sa, DTW-S-So (f) DTW-D-So, DTW-S-Sa   (g) All four methods Figure 8: Non-Boolean Combinations.
Sentence 2: usingacamerathattakes picturesofthe screenofthe smartphone,it is possibleto reconstructthe patterndrawnbythe useronthe touch screen,to unlockthephone.Thisisdonebyleveragingthelightre­.ex of the smudge left on the smartphone.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Hence, it is natural to require that a policy-based encryption scheme also satis.es this strong notion of security.
Sentence 2: our .rst contribution is the de.nition of policy-oriented security model for policy-based encryption schemes as well as the development of an e.cient policy-based encryption scheme that is provably secure under our security model in the ran­dom oracle model.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: [8] Artem Dinaburg, Paul Royal, Monirul Sharif, and Wenke Lee.
Sentence 2: for each trusted .le we further de.ne a set of trusted mem­ory modi.cation functions, which contains all the functions that are allowed to dynamically create executable memory or modify the protection settings of already existing mem­ory to being executable.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: According to Chor-Rivest protocol [5], unlike that of Merkle-Hellman, a knapsack is a number of logarithms in multiplicative group of an augmented field and possesses increased density in comparison with Merkle-Hellman knapsack.
Sentence 2: 3, and vector Bp(x0)=(b1(x0), b2(x0),...,bn(x0)),where ~ bi(x0)=e*.i(x0)(modm) for every i, (m,e)=1, gotten from Ap (x0 ) strong modal increasing with m and e. Then the solution of the ~ knapsack problem for the input (Bp(x0), v(x0)*.)
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Itus is designed to be easily extensible, allowing IA contributors to easily add new IA schemes to the core distribution, or to 1Itus, Greek god of protection
Sentence 2: we argue that this is due to a combination of factors: (i) it is not yet clear which behavioural features and classi.cation algorithms result in the best accuracy while also being measurable often enough to be useful; (ii) pro.les of actual users everyday device usage are not easy to obtain in order to measure usability and performance in realistic scenarios; and (iii) there is no existing, extensible IA frame­work for IA scheme developers to contribute to in order to iteratively develop a strong IA implementation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 4.3 Separation of Security Administration In traditional PC and server systems, a single system security administrator or the root has the ultimate control of the platform, and external entities have to trust the administrator and the poli­cies deployed.
Sentence 2: it is natural that each of these sub­domains can be further decomposed into a few sub-domains, each of which handles different communications between other internal and external domains.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: [12] are for proxy signatures: In their general construction, Bob s signa­ture is seen as a double signature which includes a signature from Alice and one from the proxy.There is clearly no trans­lation between valid Alice s signatures into Bob s ones and Alice s signing secret key is actually provided to her by Bob (or by a trusted authority).
Sentence 2: re-Sign (ReSign): On input a re-signature key rkA.B, a public key pkA, a signature s, and a message m, check that Verify(pkA,m,s) = 1.If s does not verify,  = srkA.B output .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Intra-subject variability may also be caused by electrode placement [1], pharmaceutical drugs [35], and physical activities [32, 14].
Sentence 2: reference Feature Method Subjects Activity Acc Biel [4] Fiducial PCA 20 No 100% Shen [30] Fiducial Template Matching+DBNN 20 No 100% Israel [16] Fiducial LDA 29 No 98% Wang [34] Both KNN+LDA 13 No 96% Chiu [9] Non-Fiducial Wavelet Distance+LDA 35 No 100% Chan [7] Non-Fiducial wavelet DM 50 No 89% Ours Both KNN+Bayesian 17 Yes 88% Table 1: Comparison of related work with our scheme.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Our notion is also closely related to the notion of proto­cols for conditional disclosure of secrets [5, 1], where (for the two-party setting), a receiver is able to obtain the sender s secret if a .xed condition C is satis.ed by the receiver s input.
Sentence 2: mALICIOUS AUTHORITY COLLUSION One question that arises is the case of a malicious user Alice and the CA colluding to make her public key.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 4, we can see that the BER performance of the MC-CDMA scheme is the same as that of the MC-DS-CDMA scheme under a .at fading channel.
Sentence 2: the proposed adap­tive receiver for MC-DS-CDMA with weight-and code-ad­justments is compared with that for MC-DS-CDMA only with code adjustments if no CP extension is utilized.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: [19] Vendicator, Stack Shield, http://www.angel.re.com/sk/stackshield/ [20] David Wagner, Jeffrey S. Foster, Eric A.
Sentence 2: there are two variants of buffer over.ow attack: code-injection (CI) attack, where attackers insert a piece of malicious code into the victim application s address space and then steer the appli­cation s control to the injected code; return to libc (RTL) attack, where attackers directly steer the control of the victim applica­tion to a function pre-existing in its address space, e.g., a library function.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: rightscale.com/2007/10/28/network-performance­ within-amazon-ec2-and-to-amazon-s3/,2008.
Sentence 2: those with public data only are .rst sent to the public cloud, which causes the their follow-up replications more likely to happen there, due to the data locality strategy taken by Hadoop[28].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Figure 4 illustrates the time intervals of the operational states in a given entity (e.g., asset, task, service or sub-mission) during the execution of a single transition in the time Petri net representation of that given entity.
Sentence 2: a comprehensive framework of metrics should be developed objectively and systematically for measuring the individual and collaborative resilience and mission criticality of cyber assets by taking mission assurance into consideration in wired and wireless networks.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 4.2 Asymmetric Property Recall thatatiming-based scheme satis.es the asymmetric prop­erty if both time-optimal condition and full-occupation condition are ful.lled.
Sentence 2: although this attack seems straightforward compared to pipeline parallelism attack,itis more seriousasitonly requirestheavailabil­ity of an idle computing unit for a short time period.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: avoid confusion, for each patient, we refer to these variants (i.e., SNPs carrying at least one minor allele) as the real SNPs and the remaining non-variants (i.e., SNPs carrying no minor alleles) as the po­tential SNPs of the patient; when we only say SNPs , we mean both the real and potential SNPs.
Sentence 2: in the following subsections, we discuss some basic potential policies and ob­fuscation methods and show how such basic techniques can help to keep the genomic privacy of the patient at high levels.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: In our context, adversaries are expected to follow the correct protocol, and thereby exhibit normal byte-value distribu­tion, to manipulate systems with compromised identity cre­dentials.
Sentence 2: for ex­ample, as can be seen, a raw value of Bhattacharyya Dis­tance can be in.nite, but in practice, it is desirable to set an upper bound on the scores.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: We note that, decentralized approaches [15] can also be represented by our model, by considering that the cloaking region R iscomputedby asetof entities(e.g., usersthem­selves) in a distributed manner (i.e., they collectively play the role of the CAS).
Sentence 2: consider a large cloaking region that encompasses the same number of users.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: for v to become the secure state from the compromised state for the ith time (i.e., the length of time interval it takes for the ith recovery), Jv,i be the random number of compromised neighbors of node v after the (i -1)th recovery, where i =1,2,.... Un­der the condition that each compromise-and-recovery cycle has the same distribution after each recovery (i.e., reset to the secure state), Jv,i for i =1,2,... are independently and identically distributed.
Sentence 2: (8), which demands in­formation about the distributions of the inter-arrival times between push-based attacks as well as the inter-arrivals times between pull­based attacks.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: For most commodity smart­phones, one feasible way to implement continuous authen­tication is using a behavioral modality to capture user s in- Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Sentence 2: more extensive eval­uation needs to be done, which should involve data from all volunteers and compare with other state-of-the-art authenti­cation methods.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The results con.rm the intuition that the global penalty policy has the best securitybut bad performance, and the local policyhas the best performance.
Sentence 2: mi ' = mi, 1 = i = R. Aset ofvectors mi1,..., ik isa partition of i mm if all vectors are subvec­tors of imj such that m and for all mi, there is one and only one i j m= mi.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: ii i si = (... (rN-1a+ rN-2)a+ ... + r1)a+ r0 4i 4i 3i = (... (rN-1a+ rN-5)a+ ... + r3)a+ 4i 4i 2i (... (rN-2a+ rN-6)a+ ... + r2)a+ 4i 4ii (... (rN-3a+ rN-7)a+ ... + r1)a+ 4i 4i (... (rN-4a+ rN-8)a+ ... + r0) = (si,1)a3i +(si,2)a2i +(si,3)ai +(si,4) Each vector therefore contains 4 values of each syn­drome coef.cient.
Sentence 2: in order to exploit the full vector space of32 elements in EVP, we now need four streams in parallel.The equation for these streams is derived as follows.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Speci.cally, the U.S. Video Protection Privacy Act of 1998 states that an  Television Name Technology Date of Price Fabrication (USD) Panasonic-42-A Plasma Sept 2010 $1099 Panasonic-42-B Plasma Sept 2010 $1099 Samsung-58-A Plasma Sept 2010 $2599 Samsung-58-B Plasma Sept 2010 $2599 Samsung-32 LCD Oct 2007 $896 Sharp-42 LCD Sept 2008 $1399 Sharp-32-A LCD Dec 2009 $499 Sharp-32-B LCD Dec 2009 $499 Table 1: A summary of the tested TVs showing make, technology, date of manufacture, and price for each device.
Sentence 2: recall that past work on conducted EMI infor­mation leakage, such as works focused on keyboards [3, 28], observed EMI that was a direct function of electrical signals bits already communicated within the device in question; SMPS were not designed to carry digital signals, yet we ob­served that many appliances do yield EMI signal .uctuations that are correlated with the various functions supported by thedeviceinquestion.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Schmidt [23] defines a root of trust as a component that must be implicitly trusted if the evidence or the references are to be trusted.
Sentence 2: dOI= https://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/news/events/interop _2008/interop_if_map_tnc_release_april_23_final.pdf [31] Trusted Computing Group.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 2 by pre­senting our model of a trusted timestamping device, and giving an overview of our log-based scheme for using such a device to imple­ment of.ine count-limited certi.cates that are secure against replay attacks.
Sentence 2: ovals represent operations on the data in the rectangles, which pro­duce a tuple containing the data and a signature.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The output of the state-space enumeration is a graph, GOS as follows: U = {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} GOS = (V, E) V = (ruid, euid, svuid) E = (function, arguments, return value) function .
Sentence 2: despite that POSIX setuid is a decades-old stan­dard, setuid implementations di.er from system to system.
Relationship: neutral