sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If all failing runs are explained by strong predictors, HOLMES reinitializes the iterative process by deploying an uninstrumented version of the program, after which it needs to be bootstrapped again.
Sentence 2: weak predictors, if any, are passed to the function selection phase (described next) which uses them to identify the set of functions to be pro.led in the next iteration.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A promising code generation strategy, implemented by systems like ATLAS, FFTW, and SPIRAL, uses empirical search to .nd the parameter values of the implementation, such as the tile size and instruction schedules, that deliver near-optimal performance for a par­ticular machine.
Sentence 2: this approach has only proven successful on scienti.c codes whose performance does not depend on the input data.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The particular Space Invaders implementation in Fudgets outlined by Hallgren and Carlsson is based on a static network of Fudgets, with a .xed number of aliens and missiles.
Sentence 2: our imple­mentation is centered around dpSwitch, Yampa s primitive for higher-order dynamic collections of signal functions, and aliens and missiles are added to and removed from our game at runtime in response to events.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This advertisement is refer­encedby a module speci.cation advertisement specifyingdif­ferent moduleversions,whichisitselfreferencedby a module implementation advertisement providing implementation­speci.c details such as the code location.
Sentence 2: sup­portfordynamicloading of codeinJXTAisinsu.cient,be­cause real implementations require further conventions [10].
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: INTRODUCTION Global software development centres and near-shoring have emerged as important research contexts of empirical studies on software business and on software systems delivery [1], but also in the field of requirements engineering (RE).
Sentence 2: empirical research on distributed RE primarily focused on risk identification and risk management [2] and on the application of a broad range of coordination and communication theories to the study of collaboration [3].
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Objects could be classi- fied as short-lived or long-lived depending on whether they have survived a single old generation collection.
Sentence 2: that is unsatisfactory because old generation col- lection cycles are infrequent - even an object that dies before the end of its first old generation collection may have sur- vived for comparable young-generation-allocated objects to have been tenured.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: That the fundamental MLS policy functions of MLS enforcement and mediation of relaxed MLS policy are performed in a trusted subject complicates this situation.
Sentence 2: it is clear that the addition of kernel-enforced constraints to trusted subject behavior reduces the amount of blind faith (viz., trust) that the users must have in them, and commensurately increases the assurance in the system compared to one without such constraints.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Even for a dependence distance of 1, the .ll­and-drain overhead will be twice as much.
Sentence 2: this  Figure 3: (a) 3-point stencil code with shadow region (b) Pipelined schedule with shadow regions (c) Schedule with shadow region synchronization eliminated overhead is signi.cantly less than the overhead of synchro­nization for shadow regions.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This table shows that using modern, more ef.cient branch predictors can improve the bene­.ts gained from this technique.
Sentence 2: the advantages of us­ing comparison speci.cations still outweighed the disadvantages of the higher misprediction penalty even with the poorer performing bimodal branch predictor since the number of cycles was signi.­cantly reduced.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: will be the computaional time to regenerate of the context s Case 2: state from a time-varying tree, which itself may be complex.
Sentence 2: alternative algorithms can be designed in this di- Algorithm CSS Verification Input: A SOAP message with Context Sensitive Signature Output: Veri.cation Result 1: Select the message(subtree) M to be veri.ed 2: Cannonicalize M 3: Decrypt CSS with the public key of the user 4: if Decryption fails then 5: Signature is invalid , Stop 6: end if 7: Generate new digests of stored C and M 8: if the new digest of C is equal to the one available is CSS then 9: if M is derivable from C and the derivation path is from S to [M] then 10: if the new digest of M is equal to the digest in CSS then 11: Signature is valid 12: else Content of the message is tempered: Signature is invalid 13: end if 14: else Message is out of Context(Rewriting attack!)
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: On the other hand, LIBSYNC uses a graph­based representation to capture more thorough syntactic and semantic information for adapting API usages.
Sentence 2: smPL [21, 27]isa domain-speci.c source transformation language that capturestextual patches witha more semantic descriptionof program changes.it does notexplicitly distinguish API changes from their usage changes.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This avoidsthe ALL type collectives,like Allgather, which in the worst case consumes O(N2)for an outer communica­tor G of size N. An advantage of MPICH2 s context-id is thatit canbegenerated with a single MPI_Allreduce opera­tion, andin the case of MPI_Comm_create nofurther commu­nicationis needed.
Sentence 2: in the case of MPI_Comm_split, 3MPICH2 uses k=11, allowing the context ID to .t into 16 bits.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The OAR batch scheduler, used in the Grid5000 [3] architecture, is coupled to a node recon.guration system that can deploy a soft­ware environment, using disk images, on a node before a job starts running.
Sentence 2: these disk images are used to reimage physical Table 1: Experiment running times, average waiting times, and average slowdowns for [10%/3H/medium], [20%/3H/medium], and [30%/3H/medium] Time to complete best-effort leases, relative to time without advance reservation leases .
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, the abstract list for the disk scheduling policy is simply the ex­isting scheduling queue, separated for each device.
Sentence 2: the abstract list for the .le allocation policy contains all of the cylinder groups, with the group that will be selected next for allocation at the head; this list must be constructed by combining knowledge of how cylinder groups are picked with the current state of each group.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (1) If the newly created version ec is not transitively concurrent to any other version, then a new group G is created and contains only ec.
Sentence 2: (2) If ec is transitively concurrent to some versions and all belong to the same logical group G, then ec simply joins G. (3) if ec is transitively concurrent to versions belonging to more than one group G1...Gn, then a new group G is formed by merging all Gi(i :1..n) and ec joins G. In the three cases, some new edges are added into the t-GDG and some that were already built might have to be removed due to the restructuring of the logical groups.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As can be observed, in order to guarantee with probability 99%, that 30% of the points of a cluster with 500 points will be included in the sample, we need to sample 35.3% of the database.
Sentence 2: in [22] they show that using biased sampling we can get a sample that has the same probability to in­clude points from a given cluster with smaller sample size than uniform random sample.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Considering such requisite, different testing tools can be identi.ed, such as J2MEUnit [12], GlassJar Toolkit [5] and JaBUTi [15], which support functional, control-.ow and data-.ow testing, re­spectively.
Sentence 2: none of them supports the testing of mobile application directly on the target device, i.e., all of them allows the testing of mobile application only on the computer desktop through emulators.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (.l)::(a-,)x((-,)x(a+()-, ParallelArrays re(o)len(o)(++ (o))(!1(o))ma P(o.
Sentence 2: () :::::::::: axInt-[1a1][1a1]-Int [1a1]x[1a1]-[1a1][1a1]xInt-a(a-()x[1a1] -[1(1] -repliation -length -onatenation -indexing -dpappliation (b) andprimitivesofA.. edure.frstwewilldisuss,inthepresentse­tion,afattenedrepresentationofparallelarrays;andthen, inSetion5thevetorisationtransformation,whihgener­atesforeahfuntionintheprogramavetorisedvariant operatingonawholearrayofoperands.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Speci.cally, we will consider the following three forms of the problem: (B1) The adversary is itself one of the mobile nodes included in the set of traces (i.e., it is one of the par­ticipants in the trace set); (B2) The adversary minimizes its e.orts by simply staying at one .xed location; (B3)The ad­versary pre-determines a movement strategy to presumably maximize the amount of useful side information it can ob­tain, subject to the same physical movement constraints and speed limits as the participant mobile nodes.
Sentence 2: we will not consider the case in which the adversary may adapt its movement strategy to prior information it has learned about the potential victims.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Python) classes do not describe object attributes, each object maintains a dictionary mapping at­tribute names to values, .eld access is expensive as it takes place via names, and space usage is suboptimal due to the redundancy across attribute dictionaries.
Sentence 2: unlike static OMs, dynamic OMs support dynamic attribute addi­tion/removal as well as per-object attributes.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Given the tracking framework s design, rotating the associated annotations along with the tracked object is trivial to implement.
Sentence 2: we have chosen against it, due to performance considerations, since that would require calculating the smallest bounding rectangle of every tracked object in every frame, which can be an expensive proposition when using complex object shapes, such as people s silhouettes, and on cluttered scenes.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Towards a Moldable Debugger Andrei Chi ¸s Oscar Nierstrasz Tudor Gîrba Software Composition Group Software Composition Group CompuGroup Medical University of Bern, Switzerland University of Bern, Switzerland Schweiz AG http://scg.unibe.ch//staff/ http://scg.unibe.ch/oscar http://www.tudorgirba.com/ andreichis  ABSTRACT The debugger is an essential tool in any programming en­vironment, as it helps developers understand the dynamic behaviour of software systems.
Sentence 2: traditional debug­gers fail in answering domain-speci.c questions, as the se­mantics of what they show and do are .xed.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: INTRODUCTION Low power design has permeated each and every level of a system design, including the hardware circuits, software applications, operating systems, compilers, and architecture designs.
Sentence 2: often we observe that the low power in­frastructure is not used optimally in a system design because there is little integration between the di.erent low power schemes embedded in each system component or level.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: An identical situation can also occur with respect to the return types, as demonstrated by the following advice: Integer around(): call(Number *()) { Integer i = proceed(); // ... } Because this advice provides an Integer result, it can assume that its join points do so as well in AspectJ.
Sentence 2: the advice can also be applied to join points where the returned value of type Number is not an Integer, in which case a ClassCastException will occur when returning from the proceed-method to the advice body.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The characteriza­tion of part as plagiarizing comes somewhat as a surprise, because part clearly does allocate each cons cell in its result and thus should be manageable and is so with our new method.
Sentence 2: it is easy to see that all functions ful.lling Wadler s syntactic test for creativity also allow the type-correct ab­straction from list constructors [], (:) and (++), and can thus also be transformed by our technique.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: An object is allowed to escape via a method or constructor call, provided the signature of the method or constructor explicitly permits its receiver or arguments to be raw (and consequently does not rely on their non-null guar­antees).
Sentence 2: the system does not permit a raw refer­ence to be assigned to a .eld of any object, even of the referenced object itself.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In Section 2, we discuss a number of DCAS-based re­sults which represent signi.cant progress in the design of nonblocking data structures.
Sentence 2: we also show that, despite these positive results, many of the DCAS-based al­gorithms we discuss su.er from important limitations, and are often complicated and di.cult to verify.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (DSTM.rs(t, v) .¬SS.pending(t)) .¬DSTM.aborted(t) is an invariant of M(2, 1), it is not an invariant of M(3, 2), and hence not a uniform invariant.
Sentence 2: consider the invariants .t.SS.pending(t) .
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 5.3 File and Directory Placement I/O-intensive applications, such as database systems and web servers, bene.t from controlling the layout of their data on disk [46].
Sentence 2: because many .le systems do not pro­vide this type of control to applications, the placement of .les has been used to demonstrate the power of extensible systems [21] and gray-box systems [31]; further, the abil­ity to group related objects will become available in next­generation storage systems [15].
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this case, four 32­bit registers (DMA control, source/destination address and length registers) have to be set before each transaction [14].
Sentence 2: each single PLB write transaction needs 4 cycles, thus we need at least 16 cycles to initiate the DMA transfer and at least 34 cycles to copy the data from the BRAM to the DRAM or vice versa.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As opposed to the last three schemes above which do not explicitly introduces the concept of the exception handling context (scope), the CAMA framework [6] (introduced in Section 2.1) supports the concept of (nested) scopes, which confine the errors and to which exception handlers are attached.
Sentence 2: cAMA and the other mechanisms mentioned above do not support a fully context-aware exception handling, as supported by our approach (Section 4).
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: investigatedtheuseofDVSinwebservers[18],Qadiet al.
Sentence 2: ex­ploitedenergysavingpotentialsinprocessorwithonlyfrequencyscalingsupport[16],LeeandShinfocusedononlineslackman­agement[13].theyalltargetedatdynamicenergycon­sumptionofaprocessor.Arelatedstudyonsystem-wideenergyoptimizationforsporadictasks(Aspecialtypeofaperiodictasksinwhichthereisaminimuminter-releasestimebetweentwocon­secutivereleaseofatask.)provedthattheonlineminimizationisNP-Hardinthestrongsense,whichmeansanyalgorithmsfortheoptimalsolutionhavestrictlyexponentialrunningtime[19].Fortractability,weconsidersystem-wideenergyminimizationforape­riodictasksbyconsideringaprocessorwithcontinuouslevels.Fur­thermore,mostDVSalgorithmsassumeworst-caseexecutioncy­clesofataskdoesnotchangewithprocessorspeed.Thisisnotaccuratesinceapplicationsinvolveoperationsoutsidetheproces­sor,whichisprocessorspeedindependent.Bycontrast,wetakeintoaccounttheimpactofspeedscalingontaskexecutioncycles.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: DAPAalgorithmisto choosetheoptimum partitionfromaseriesof partitions, so the result is a local optimum rather than a global op­timum.
Sentence 2: this series of partition is seriously picked.Further more, since theavatarsin theDVE systems joinin oneby one, the connection betweendifferentavatarsisbuiltupgradually withthe changes of their states.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Eliciting Design Requirements for Maintenance-Oriented IDEs: A Detailed Study of Corrective and Perfective Maintenance Tasks Andrew J. Ko, Htet Htet Aung, and Brad A. Myers Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh PA, 15213 ajko@cmu.edu, hha@zizawah.com, bam+@cs.cmu.edu ABSTRACT Recently, several innovative tools have found their way into mainstream use in modern development environments.
Sentence 2: most of these tools have focused on creating and modifying code, despite evidence that most of programmers time is spent understanding code as part of maintenance tasks.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this category, the con.icting vehicle with higher priority can ignore the in­tersection safety messages from other lower-priority vehicles and cross the intersection without slowing down or stop­ping.
Sentence 2: any lower-priority vehicle is super-cautious and when it loses a competition, it comes to a complete stop before entering the intersection boundaries, and waits till it receives a CLEAR message, from the higher-priority vehi­cle.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Consider the code in Figure 3, where r2 may be a subregion of r1 if condition Q evaluates true.
Sentence 2: the region lifetime in Figure 3 is not consistent because r2 = r1 does not always hold; r2 can be a subregion of r0 when P evaluates true and Q evaluates false.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A brute-force approach to dis-covering incoming references into complets in Core A could be implemented by requesting all remote Cores in the sys- tem to traverse their local complets, search for those who reference complets in Core A, and then apply on them DA actions.
Sentence 2: this is an expensive solution that might lead to long pre-disconnection periods, and thus not ap-pealing.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Manual construction: One of the main purposes of HAT is to systematically guide engineers through a set of analysis steps leading to critical decision points  points in the analy­sis that require judgements about the absence or presence of hazards, risk mitigation strategies, and the degree of residual risk.
Sentence 2: many of the steps leading up to these decision points are highly repetitive and intermediate results are cal­culated in a straightforward manner from other development artifacts (e.g., identifying enclosing components or subsys­tems in a Failure Modes and E.ects Analysis (FMEA)).
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: By limiting the set of candidate functions to those with identical signatures, we en­sure that type errors cannot occur when more speci.c functions are found.
Sentence 2: by allowing functions that are more speci.c than the seed to enter the candidate set even if they are declared after the calling function we free ourselves from ordering depen­dencies and allow the most ef.cient operations to be selected in the vast majority of important cases.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This is acceptable as descriptors constitute on average less than 1% of allocated memory.
Sentence 2: if desired, space for descriptors can be reused arbitrarily or returned to the OS, by organizing descriptors in a similar manner to regular blocks and maintaining special descriptors for superblocks of descriptor, with virtually no e.ect on average performance whether contention-free or under high contention.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [6] perform strong updates when an ab­stract location definitely represents a single location during every method execution.
Sentence 2: both of the two approaches can only Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distrib­uted for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This is usually ineffective for objects with large APIs, as this sorting ignores the level in the hierarchy at which the member is declared or overridden at.
Sentence 2: an important advantage of the alphabetical order is its familiarity and good pre­dictability (in the sense that every time Code Completion is invoked for the same type, the list of completion proposals remains in the same order).
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For JHotDraw, ANOVA did not indicate any signi.cant di.erence among patterns for both rc (p-value=0.39) and  95% CI for the Mean 2.0 1.5 1.0 r 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0  d nsite aorator o mp c m meooDC ter-Cp a d A (c) rl rl (p-value=0.93).
Sentence 2:  e er ctory p ervasPrototy Fb O Pattern (ArgoUML) Figure 4: Client / Target Ratios (rc and rl) it was found that Adapter- Command had a signi.cantly higher rl than other patterns we have studied (p-value=0.02) and a mean rl = 2 while others had rl < 1.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If mi is called by several other methods, sj is not a singleton allocation site according to the de.nition presented earlier.
Sentence 2: if for examplewehave statements x.k(); y = x; y.n() after sj inside mi,in Red we would like to show that the receiver ob ject at these two calls is the same as the one created by sj .
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [18].Oursup­portisin some ways simpler than that of HTM, since we throw an exception upondetecting a con.ict rather thanperforming rollback and re-execution.On the otherhand, our con.ictdetection mustbe precise since afalse con.ictwould resultin afalseMM exception, while a false con.ict in an HTM system is acceptable as it simply causes an unnecessary re-execution.
Sentence 2: 4.2.1 BasicHardwareDesign HTM systems commonly detect con.icts by maintaining read and write accessbitsper cacheline.this approach canlead to false con.ictsiftwodifferentmemory words accessed concurrently indifferentthreadshappentobe assignedtothe same cacheline.To addressthisproblem, wetrack read and writeaccesses of aregion using a circularqueuebufferthatwe calla regionbuffer and employ lazy con.ictdetection.
Relationship: contrasting