sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: If the condition of (16) is true, the numbers of initial and periodic ranging slots are given by: opt S =S, (17) k init ,,k init opt S =S .
Sentence 2: permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: A Re.ned Performance Characterization of Longest-Queue-First Policy in Wireless Networks Bo Li, Cem Boyaci and Ye Xia Computer and Information Science and Engineering Department University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, US {boli,cboyaci,yx1}@cise.u..edu ABSTRACT One of the major challenges in wireless networking is how to op­timize the link scheduling decisions under interference constraints.
Sentence 2: for instance, by u ; v, we mean that u is not component-wise greater than v; that is, there exists a component k such that uk = vk.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: They argue that rather than nailing down the exact spatial and temporal layout of a document, it is better to represent the semantic relationships between objects, and allow the computer system to determine an appropriate spatial/temporal layout.
Sentence 2: 1.2 Partial Order/Partial Reliability Transport Service Partially Ordered, Reliable (PO/R) Transport Service bridges the gap between two traditional forms of transport service: .
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Generally, such competency is substituted with the probability of meeting the destination in the future, which is approximately predicted in terms of the number of times of previous encounters.
Sentence 2: due to unique features of long communication delays and frequent network partitions, the design of opportunistic networks faces the challenge of how to e.ectively deliver data based only on occasional encoun­ tering of pair-wise mobile wireless devices (nodes).
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Alternately, the collectors can infer the path any given .ow takes, and thus the input and output ports on each switch, based on samples from mul­tiple switches.
Sentence 2: as an example, an oversubscription factor of 1.5 means we sent 15 Gbps worth of traf.c through a 10 Gbps mon­itor port.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In order to .nd the local maxima in the Hough space, thus the prominent lines in the picture, a robustpeak detec­ tionbasedonthestandarddeviation s oftheHoughspace X is implemented.
Sentence 2: obviously, tra.c with the same properties but a higher throughput displays more plots in the pictures, and thus in this case, smaller time intervals are required to maintain an acceptable number of plots in the pictures.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Unfortunately, the logo in the QR code is often too small to see and the brand image it represents may even be distorted in order to be .t it in the small area.
Sentence 2: 1.2 ViCode The MIT Media Lab reported a very fast display-camera transmission system by ultilizing the idea of 3D barcode (also called video barcode) with a professional camera, an extra-high resolution display and high-performance compu­tational devices [4], and this proved the huge potential of 3D barcode.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Although Mobile IP [12] and its extended protocols (e.g., NEMO [9]) were originally introduced to provide addressing at the mobile environment, they relax the concerns with the above NAT issue by hiding the topologically incorrect address (e.g., private address) using tunneling.
Sentence 2: in Section 7, we sum­marize the related work and explain why existing work does not solve the problems.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Note that the di.erence between the avail­bw and the TCP throughput can be positive or negative, and it strongly depends on the congestion responsiveness of [11] R. L. Carter and M. E. Crovella, Measuring Bottleneck Link Speed in Packet-Switched Networks, Performance Evaluation, vol.
Sentence 2: if Ri A the link can transmit all the received tra.c and so q = d=0, meaning that the OWDs do not increase, and Ro = Ri meaning that the output rate is equal to the input rate.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: TPRC, 2011 [13] J. Kurose and K. Ross, Computer Networking -A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet, 5th Edition, Addison Wesley, 2010 [14] G. Huston, Interconnection, Peering and Settlements, proc.
Sentence 2: such new routing capabilities encourage the networks to reap the bene.ts of CCN in terms of network e.ciency and dissemination of popular con­tent.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: This allows the .ltering devices to identify individual .ows with a very high degree of certainty and thus enables them to block malicious traf.c with no collateral damage.
Sentence 2: in Figure 1 we assume that the links R1-R5, R1-R4, R2-R4 and R2-R3 cannot be congested by the attackers whereas the links between the .rewall and R1 and R2 can.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Mode 5 and Mode S Interrogators and Transponders Those familiar with military Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) systems and the civilian Air Traffic Control Radar beacon Systems (ATCRBS), both commonly referred as IFF, are probably aware that the U.S. DoD, NATO, and other coalition countries have mandated that military aircraft be equipped with the new Civilian Mode S, Level 1 capabil-ity.
Sentence 2: the IO community has used the Detonation PDU as a surrogate IO action/report to communicate between IO simulations to portray an IO attack on communications nodes.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Usually,the same type of rules will be set at node A to block tra.c from the other direction,but it is possible to block one direction and not the other to emulate the e.ect of a unidirectional link.
Sentence 2: this message is for a slave to feedback in­formation to the master,such as for user-de.ned visu­alization purpose (section 3.3).
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Meaning of Photographs Changed Most of the children thought that photographing and photo albums were for older people, which is consistent with the results of Csikszentmihalyi and Rochberg-Halton [6].
Sentence 2: c-I=IX ;='tDOtlD 554 ~k.~ CHI 2000 * 1-6 APRIL 2000 Papers the device should be interoperable with other everyday applications.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: [33] developed a constant factor approximation algorithm which uses network-wide broadcasts.
Sentence 2: a node v then calculates for every j, 1 = j = r, the mini­mum Wj = minu.UWij(u)according to the set of received mes- P sages U, and takes est(v)= r/( Wj)as its estimate of 1=j=r P sumU(v)= u.U bi(u).
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Thus, Si Ri -Ni SNRi = = Ni Ni RiSNRi = -1 (1) Ni Note that the noise in a communication channel is typically the same for all subbands, i.e., white noise.3 This is because noise comes from thermal noise in the receiver hardware, quantization, and digi­tal computation errors, which are all independent of frequency.
Sentence 2: what happens when packets or acks get lost?
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Similarly, in this article an anomaly refers to a set of .ows altering the distribution of at least one of the four following tra.c features: the source IP address, destina­tion IP address, source port, and destination port.
Sentence 2: in practice, selecting the opti­mal parameters is not intuitive as the relationship between the parameters and tra.c characteristics is challenging.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: The lengths Li of di.erent epochs are independent and distributed exponentially with average L. Although consec­utive epochs are not independent (the end of one epoch is the beginning of the next one), the random process describing the lengths and end-points of the sequence of epochs drawn is ergodic [6].
Sentence 2: rWP movement with di.erent pause time or di.erent average speed), and let (mm) EATB and denote the respective hitting times from A to B, under the given mobility model.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Formally speaking, the most regular quadrilateral formed by triangle ti = DT (Z) and its adjacent triangles (at most three) for which Voronoi edge is a minimum.
Sentence 2: using equation 1, we have Since, 22 2 Ebef ore =(Ntrans +Nrec )e = (n +O(n n))e = (n +O(n 2))e. After the application of algorithm, number of transmission becomes Ntrans = n - n. The algorithm produced a tree whose edge lengths are at most ..
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Our TCMC channel assignment, which utilized three non-overlapping channels, obtained the best results with a .ve hop goodput of over 2 Mbps (see Figure 3(a)).
Sentence 2: 3 3 RTS/CTS on RTS/CTS on RTS/CTS on RTS/CTS off RTS/CTS off 3000 RTS/CTS off 2.5 2.5 2500 2 2 2000 Goodput (Mbps) Goodput (Mbps) 1.5 RTT (ms) 1500 1 1 1000 0.5 0.5 500 0 321 Flow Count (a) Aggregate goodput 0 321 Flow Count (b) Average goodput 0 21 Flow Count (c) Average RTT 3 Figure 6: E.ect of RTS/CTS over Five Hops.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: The ProCel switch masquerades as a GTP tunnel end point for these .ows.
Sentence 2: proCel detects the impending handover and does the following (a) ProCel switch makes sure non-core .ows are informed about the impending dis­connection by sending a TCP RST (in case of TCP .ows) or ICMP destination unreachable message (in case of UDP .ows) (b) After handover, core .ows continue to be for­warded towards mobile operator core.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: When permitting the client to characterize the priority of data, the client installs an IQ-Service data .lter at the server side when congestion occurs, and henceforth receives only essential (i.e., as de.ned by the deployed .lter) data at satisfactory speeds.
Sentence 2: the client transfers the current position and viewpoint of the user to the .lter (i.e., using attributes), at the server side these values are used to deter­mine what data set the user is currently watching, and that information is then used to transfer appropriately downsam­pled data to the client.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: All 4 carriers we studied appear to cover the entire U.S. with only a handful of clusters (4 6), each covering a large geo­graphic area, differing signi.cantly from the Internet back­bone design.
Sentence 2: for cellular networks, it is uncertain due to a lack of clear association of IP addresses with physical network lo­cations, especially given the observed highly dynamic nature of IP addresses assigned to a mobile device [5].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: INTRODUCTION Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have gained con­siderable attention in the past few years due to their promis­ing applicability with regard to safety, transport e.ciency, and entertainment [6].
Sentence 2: one way to tackle the problem of uneven distribution of vehicles among time slots is to adopt a centralized approach for selecting the next relay vehicle.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Whenever a packet reaches the front of its flow at some node i, start and finish tags for the packet are calcu- lated as described in DFS.
Sentence 2: i I I 1.3 0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016 0.02 0.024 0.028 0.032 0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016 0.02 0.024 0.028 0.032 Scaling Factor Scaling Factor (a) Fairness Index (b) Aggregate Throughput Figure 9: Impact of scaling factor 176 higher throughput.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Using 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LLRs, less frequent route maintenance is required, which route length is usually a costly .ooding-based procedure.
Sentence 2: 5.1 LLR intra-comparisons an exa mpl e of how Several traditional routing protocol metrics are of interest to us: packet delivery ratio, packet delivery latency, energy are for med.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: 3 In typical cellular systems, the BS uses the expected received SINR to adaptively encode and modulate its packet so that the packet can be decoded and demodulated at a UE with low packet error rate (< 10%).
Sentence 2: sYSTEM MODEL: COOPERATIVE CEL-LULAR NETWORKS We assume a multi-cell cellular network, where multiple geographically separated BSs manage their own cells and the UEs that belong to them.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Apart from the previous mentioned schemes, another class of opportunistic network routing schemes have been devel­oped via encoding techniques, which transforms a message into another format prior to transmission.
Sentence 2: moreover, this message can be suc­cessfully reconstructed as long as r 1 of the coded blocks are received (i.e., the minimal number of coded blocks for suc­cessfully reconstructing the message is N/r, which is equal to M/b).
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: The .rst observation we derive from the plotted curves is that there is a fairly good correspondence between the model predictions and the simulation results, which further con.rms the validity of our modelling approach.
Sentence 2: there is a vast literature speci.cally focusing on the TCP modelling (e.g., [1, 3, 11, 17, 18] and references herein).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Speci.cally, we need to check if the value of the objective function is equal to n.If so, rate j can be supported; if not, rates greater than or equal to j cannot be sup­ported.
Sentence 2: oAR [17] further builds on RBAR, by opportunis­tically transmitting back-to-back frames when the channel quality is good.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Categories and Subject Descriptions: C.2.1 [Network Architecture and Design]: Wireless communication General Terms: Experimentation, Management, Performance Keywords: spectrum sensing, dynamic spectrum access, channel width  DESCRIPTION As more and more user devices, from PCs and mobile devices, to household appliances like picture frames, are equipped with 802.11 interfaces, a proliferation of unmanaged wireless networks such as home wireless networks and wireless ad hoc networks can be foreseen in the near future.
Sentence 2: a key feature of this demonstrator is the fact that it breaks the traditional fixed channel bandwidth limitation and enables dynamic bandwidth allocation according to the needs of applications.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: 5 we learn that the upper bound for m# is dictated by the implementation platform as more models may require more messages due to limited payload size (in TOSSIM the maximum payload size is 28).
Sentence 2: 4.2 Experimental Performance Evaluation ASTC Simulation Settings: We use a publicly avail­able real-world data set [11], containing traces for tempera­ture, humidity, light and voltage.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: f(l, r) = 34µs + tbkoff + tRT S/CT S rLL/ll + (t kdata(l, r)+2 * 16µs + t kack( r)) k=1 If there do not exist any l and r for satisfying f(l, r) = ti, an admission control scheme may be needed.
Sentence 2: in the comparison, our adaptation scheme achieves about 30% higher throughput than others.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: ADVERSARY MODEL We make the following assumptions about the attacker (In this paper, we use the term attacker for anyone, whether malicious or genuine, who is trying to detect human move­ment): The attacker is able to deploy multiple wireless sens­ing devices within the transmission range of the legiti­mate transmitter(s) outside the area being monitored.
Sentence 2: it requires the legitimate transmitters to transmit packets frequently to allow it perform the line crossing detections.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: We note that similar methods can be used for client-sourced es­timation of other metrics such as jitter, loss and latencies etc.. Alot of research has focused on estimating the available network bandwidth for wired as well as WiFi based net­works [20, 21].
Sentence 2: to estimate the accu­racy of these tools we take the average of UDP throughput measured over 100 seconds for 10 iterations as the ground truth at that location.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Few of these systems attempt to provide anonymity against an adversary that can passively observe all network traf.c.
Sentence 2: hi+ gains additional information by determin­ing that some number of relays follow it, call this number r.We note that colluding relays do not need to sequentially follow hi+ to determine whether they are on the same tunnel, assuming they can use timing analysis to reach this conclusion.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: [8] H. Zhang and J. C. Hou, Maintaining Sensing Coverage and Connectivity in Large Sensor Networks, Ad Hoc&#38;Sensor Wireless Networks, vol.
Sentence 2: from the system point of view, it can be noticed that at a particular time t, not all live sensor nodes are involved in the production of the overall system behaviour, only the active nodes dedicates their effort and form the system to perform the tasks.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Each property in the dK-series provides information on connectiv­ity within groups of d nodes with degrees k1, ..., kd,where d takes values from 0to the total number of nodes, n, in the graph.
Sentence 2: select peering (i.e., inter-AS or border) routers for each AS based on the peering router statistics extracted from the tracer­oute data.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: (6) -2ln(1 - Pout) In AWGN, the carrier-to-noise ratio of the received signal is: C N dB = Eb N0 dB + fb B dB , (7) 0 P out Figure 4: Transmission range estimation for increas­ing accepted outage probabilities and power levels.
Sentence 2: there are a few factors that can pre­vent the optimal estimation of set R, as we discuss in the following section.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Campus network environment Additionally, during the summer of 2001, all buildings that were not previously so configured, including residence halls, were upgraded from a shared 10 Mbps to a switched 10/100 Mbps capability.
Sentence 2: we have also now removed the temptation for Resnet users to change their DHCP-registered IP addresses to non-Resnet IP addresses in an attempt to circumvent our PacketShaper® prioritization schemes.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: First, it may be the case that r(P1,rw)= r(P2,rw).
Sentence 2: given two instances I =(G, F )and I ' = (G '' , F )of(PV , PL), the instance I ' is said to be a sub­instance of I if G ' is a subgraph of G and the con.guration function F ' is equal to F when restricted to G ' .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: This approachof modifying the PL scheme to adapt to a discrete-time network was intro­duced by El Gamal, Mammen, Prabhakar and Shah in [5].
Sentence 2: when v is the source node, we have A(p,v, 1) = A(p,v, 0) = D(p,v, 0) and hence the result is true.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: [6] C. Chekuri, S. Khanna, and B. Shepherd, The all-or-nothing multicommodity .ow problem, in Proceedings of the 36th ACM symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM Press, 2004, pp.
Sentence 2: an oblivious routing algorithm has to .x the rout­ing paths without knowing the high-demand pairs.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS The original OpenFlow speci.cation required the control channel between the controllers and switches to be protected using TLS.
Sentence 2: in a similar context, FlowVisor [6] Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: For each failure scenario, we report: the type of failure that occurred  a name uniquely identifying the failed component  the number of SRLG groups localized when the al­gorithm was run with a threshold of 1.0  the threshold used to generate a .nal conclusion  the number of SRLGs localized when the algorithm was run with the .nal threshold  the number of SRLGs correctly localized  the number of SRLGs incorrectly localized  description of the reason why we had to reduce the threshold, or why we were unable to identify a single SRLG as the root cause in certain situations  Overall, we were able to successfully localize all of the faults studied to the SRLGs in which the failed network elements were classi.ed except where we encountered errors in our SRLG database.
Sentence 2: we note, however, that there could be other formulations of the problem where a best hypothesis is optimizing some other metric.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: The fourth constraint states that each site should be contained in K other sets, implying that all sites have equal responsibilities which is an impor­tant aspect in load balancing.
Sentence 2: v N +1 Gain = (4) 2 5.3 CommunicationCost The number of hops used in a completely connected net­work is N(N - 1) because each node can reach every other node using one hop.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: The black smooth curve represent the hypothetical smooth approximation of data distribution Ft , and the red curve is our piece-wise linear approxima­tion using the estimated quantile points (St-1 (1),pt (1)) and (St-1 (2),pt (2)) and their respective derivatives.
Sentence 2: all we need to do is to .rst .nd out which line segment each p(i) falls into, and then solve p(i) for that line segment.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Our ana­lytic models suggest that Vegas has some bias against .ows with larger propagation delay when packet loss is not negligible.
Sentence 2: in equation (15), we get 1-p 2p(2-p) (n +1) p + W0 + (1-p)2 .loss = (32)NSS2TOR + d(p)T0 Variable n can be computed from equations (20)-(21), NSS2TO is given in equation (25) and W0 is given in (5).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: A VMN physically consists of two network interface cards, one for ingress traffic and the other for egress traffic.
Sentence 2: manner, P. Sarolahti, T. Alanko, and K. Raatikainen, "Seawind: a Wireless Network Emulator," In Proceedings of 11th GI/ITG Conference on Measuring, Modeling and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems(MMB 2001), RWTH Aachen, Germany, 2001.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2612669.2612708.
Sentence 2: data center and supercom- Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage, and that copies bear this notice and the full ci­tation on the .rst page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: A Quantitative Measure of Fairness and Discrimination for Resource Allocation in Shared Computer System.
Sentence 2: 3.3.1 Variant 1: Double deficit, adaptive quantum Let Qht be a queue for hop count h and traffic type t, Q*t the set of queues for all hop counts and traffic type t, Qh* the set of queues for hop count h and all traffic types, Wh a quantum of service for hop count h and Dh a deficit counter for hop count h. A quantum of service wt and a deficit counter dt are assigned to the set of queues Q*t, and a quantum of service Wh and a deficit counter Dh are assigned to the set of queues Qh*.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Today, high-speed CMOS ADCs running up to 1.5 Gsam­ples/sec are available (if we use GaAs we can get up to 8 Gsamples/sec though with two orders magnitude increase in power draw) [3].
Sentence 2: in the next section we .rst provide a proof-of-concept of a small WANET and explore some of the limitations.
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