sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In other words, giving a channel j, the proba­bility of a node to be subscribed to that channel is given LM by Pop(j)= N · jß / i=1 iß,with ß = 1.
Sentence 2: using this information a node estimates how many users are interested in the channels of discovered items and how those items are spread in the network.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Itisworth noting thatthe actualemu­lation results of Dice havelower utility thanthosepredicted by the optimizationframework(6).
Sentence 2: the noncooperative game isahierarchical game[21],inwhichthepricingprotocolis theleaderatthehigherlevel,whiletheplayers arefollowers at the lower level, which sel.shly update their net payo..
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Any deployed node can only communi­cate with nodes deployed on the same edge of the tree.
Sentence 2: a=i the probability that i and j cannot communicate with each other given that u and v cannot communicate with each other is, j-1v-1 .. p( kla,la+1 Ala,la+1 <Kij | kla,la+1 Ala,la+1 <Kuv).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: For even simpler connections, hosts are directly connected to IB ports on IBoWA devices with SM running on one of them.
Sentence 2: effects of RDMA CM over a wide-area connection of length d of type B using ¯ a message size of s.Let TB (d) denote the average throughput with 8M message size over 10 repeated measurements on a wide-area connection of type B and length d. As in the case of previous section, we compute ¯¯ TB (d0 )-TB (di) the DPM of IB throughput as DB (di)= .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Here, the first packet is signaled to the CPU after approximately 50 fs.
Sentence 2: [5] Bolla R., Bruschi R., Davoli F., Cucchietti F., Energy Efficiency in the Future Internet: A Survey of Existing Approaches and Trends in Energy-Aware Fixed Network Infrastructures, IEEE Communications Surveys &#38; Tutorials, vol.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: , Vh such that V1 = GW , .l .h l=2 Vl = V, and Vi n Vj = Ø if i j and 1 = i, j = h. Note = P(v, gi)between v and gi, then pv,gi = pei .
Sentence 2: the time com-Cp plexity of the proposed algorithm is O(|V||E|2 ), assuming only if (i) .d = (pu,v ' · pv ' ,gj - pu,v · pv,gi )· L(u) > 0, L ' and (ii) either (gi) = L(gi)- pu,v · pv,gi · L(u) = Q or Q - L(gj) > Q - L ' (gi).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: no power con­trol is considered.A slow fading Rayleigh channel between Tx and Rx is assumed where the channel remains quasi­static over an entire frame of OFDM symbols (coherence time).Moreover, the channel is assumed to be known at the receiver.
Sentence 2: due to the scarcity of radio frequency resources and the demand for signi.cantly increased system throughput, the spectral e.ciency of future cellular systems has to be in­creased considerably.it is not su.cient to di­mension the system for a worst-case scenario with regard to the achievable SINR, but rather make the system adapt its transmission capacity to the changing channel and in­terference conditions.adaptive modulation [5] is assumed in this analysis.It has to be noted that, capacity loss due to signaling overhead of adaptive modulation, is not considered in this model.The aim of this study is to get the upper bound of capacity assuming ideal adaptive modula­tion.Moreover, in order to isolate the interference e.ects from frequency o.set, other ideal conditions (e.g.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: [7] M. E. J. I. Ronda, Rate control and bit allocation for mpeg-4, in In Proc.
Sentence 2: this optimal distribution S * is equal to: * ** * * uu u 0 1 N S = , ,., ., ., uN-1 , (16) n0 n1 nN-1 nN  5.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: CoPTUA worsens the common­case update effort (e.g., up to 50x more than conventional TCAMs) to achieve non-atomic updates.
Sentence 2: sim­ilarly, we compute the maximum number of moves by add­ing as many rules as the replication factor, which is two for TreeCAM, resulting in two rules to be displaced at each subarray for all the subarrays.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.1 [Sensor Networks]: Miscellaneous General Terms Design, measurement Keywords Sensor placement, Sensor modeling 1 Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for building automa­tion have demonstrated themselves to be a low cost solution in terms of installation and retro.t costs.
Sentence 2: the .tness function consists of weighted normalized values, the number of selected sensors (N) which is included to consider the infrastructure cost associated with the deployment.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In summary, despite the fact that both sampling types can theoretically be inverted, the numerical study carried out in this section reveals the following: j (number of packets per flow) Figure 5: Inversion of the pj, heavy thinning: Em­pirical CCDF of the number of packets per .ow for the IPLS trace, and estimated CCDFs obtained from .ow thinned tra.c for q {0.1, 0.01, 0.001} while the number of .ows after thinning remains constant (N = 3000).
Sentence 2: moreover, it is an ill-posed problem in the sense that small errors in the evaluation of Gp at points in ¯ the original domain D0 become magni.ed in the extrapola­tion [23].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: For more dynamic environments, the channel state can change very quickly, requiring very frequent es­timation updates.
Sentence 2: we sometimes have nodes with empty transmit queues that don t con­tend for the channel, thereby leaving a larger share of the channel for downstream traf.c compared to the theoretical throughput limit of C/(n + 1), where n denotes the number of clients and C the network capacity.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: (Nt))(17) By integrating (17) over all possible values of CNR vector {n1,n2,··· ,nNt }, we can obtain the average PER of our cross-layer design as (1) (2) (Nt) NNN .. .
Sentence 2: for each information packet, after Nt transmission attempts using AMC mode n1,··· ,nNt under channel CNR values equal to .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: A 10 Gb/s link de­queues packets every 1.2 µs, which stretches the limits of to­day s hardware timers.
Sentence 2: an ideal 100 Mb/s link would take 121.1 µs to transmit a 1514 byte packet, while a 1 Gb/s link would take 12.11 µs.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Also, (j) the probability Tk that i transfers .nish when the system is in state k is given by the following expression: Tk (j) = P r[j transfers terminate at time t|Xt-1 = k] k jk-j (2) =q(1 -q).
Sentence 2: due to space constraints and the similarity between the two, we present only the results pertaining to the 802.11a scenario.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: [13] S. Jana, S. N. Premnath, M. Clark, S. K. Kasera, N. Patwari, and S. V. Krishnamurthy.
Sentence 2: each sensor node runs the maximum-.ow algo­rithm on the topology to .nd the path(s) through which the entropy of the key information transmitted from itself to CU can be maximized.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In this paper we perform a comprehensive investigation of Key Agreement over resource constrained ad hoc networks.
Sentence 2: in summary, we define and later focus on minimizing the following 6 quantities, or performance metrics:  Bandwidth: n 3.2.4 ING: It uses a logical ring where each member Mi processes Bdw1 = (n-1) × R (1), + any value received from Mi-1 and communicates a new value to Mi+1 .ii,1 i=1 for (n-1) times, through Ri,i+1.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Hence the proposed DWDM system is suitable for a long range point-to­point communication for a coverage distance upto 1200Km.
Sentence 2: the proposed MDRZ system with symmetrical dispersion compensation scheme provides good Q­value (>13.12), eye opening and bit error rate (BER) performance for all the channels, for a coverage distance of 1200Km.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: If the time takes to forward data from one sub-cluster to another sub-cluster is t, and if there are n sub­clusters, thus for serial transmission the delay time for AFN to receive data from all fine-grain clusters is n*t. If serial transmission is only restricted within a wedge, and the same sequence is applicable to other wedges, then the number of delay can be reduced by number of wedge (w).
Sentence 2: dense network seems to perform worst than lesser dense network because in dense network more nodes transmit data to sink node which cause more communication overhead.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: While the root of a single hashtree is computed by hashing the concatenation of its two childrenlct and rct (roott = H(lct||rct)), in the chained structure roott = H(lct||rct||roott+1) (2) for all 1 = t = I- 1.
Sentence 2: 1609.2: Trial-use standard for wireless access invehicular environments-security services for applications andmanagement messages.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: DEMONSTRATING ROBUST DETECTION USING PIPS Presence detection is tied to packet reception -if pack­ets are no longer received from a PIP then that PIP is missing or destroyed.
Sentence 2: these properties naturally lead to a lower collision prob­ability (which can compensate the higher collision rate from the protocol) and an easier recovery from collisions using softwarecollision prediction.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: While N increases, the channel condition between the selected relay node and the destination node gets better, and more packets are suc­cessfully transmitted between the selected relay node and the destination node.
Sentence 2: 1 1.62231.63876058 .5894 1.573 1.556 6 1.6551 1.60581.62231.6387 1.5894 1.573 1.5566 1.6551 1.67161.688 1.6387 1.58941.60581.6223 1.573 1.5566 and the number of relays.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: 3.2.3 Communication Protocol using Two NICs When a machine has two NICs, WiFiPro.ler uses one of them as the helper adapter, thereby avoiding the need to disturb the connection on the primary adapter.
Sentence 2: wiFiPro.ler leverages speci.c knowledge of the wireless networking domain to make se­mantically meaningful diagnoses based on a limited volume of relevant information received from peers.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In about 6% of attacks, no packets were smaller than 100 Bytes.
Sentence 2: since the vast majority of malicious tra.c arises from a  Individual volume Number of AS volume Percent of Interface volume contribution ASes contribution ingress interfaces contribution   > 1.0% 18 32.08 0.02 89.80  0.1% 126 30.58 0.042 8.53 <=0.1% 15743 37.34 1.083 1.67   Table 5: Distribution of origin ASes and ingress interfaces of the SureFlow extended data set.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: While the static PSM approach allows the device to save power by only waking up whenpackets areoutstanding attheAP,thela­tency involved in receiving packets via PS-POLL has been found tobehighforinteractive applications such as webbrowsing[19].
Sentence 2: [29] E.Shih,P.Bahl,andM.Sinclair.WakeonWireless:An EventDrivenEnergySavingStrategyforBatteryOperated Devices.In MobiCom,2002.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: 1(c) shows the directed successor graph for destina­tion E at time t3 after node C updates its routing table.
Sentence 2: since I has an active route to D, by Theorem 3, we have along path Q from I to D, F LI >F Lm1 > F Lm2 >... >F L mk-1 > F LD At any in- D. stant, we have LI 2 F LI For the RREQ to satisfy SLC DDD D D D .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Since the number of consecutive pairs of bypasses in B is at most IBI -1, the length of p' is at most the length ofp plus IBI - 1. el el e2 e3 e2 (a) s wl vl w2 v2 w3 v3 w4v4 t el e2 _e3 (b) s wl vl w2 v2 w3 v3 w4v4 t el el e2 e2 (c) s wl vl v2 w3 v4 t x y x y z w zw s w, vl v2 w3 v4 t EH o---o o o o o o o o o s x y x y zw z w t el e2 n* ..... (0 s wl vl v2 w3 w4 v4 t Figure 1: Illustration of the proof of Theorem 1.
Sentence 2: although requirements for these goals have been outlined [5], there is little understand- ing of how to make effective use of MPLS mechanisms to administer large IP networks.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In such applications, on-line boundary detection is a crucial function, as it allows us to track the event variation in a timely fashion.
Sentence 2: it allows the network users to be aware of the geometry of the net­work, which infers either the sensing coverage (if the network only partially covers the targeted event) or the boundary of the targeted event (if the network fully covers it).1 While most of the existing boundary detection approaches are designed just for a one-time shot , the detection actu­ally has to be constantly conducted, given the time-varying nature of the event under surveillance.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In terms of routing semantics, this name means that if you follow routing entries to com, you are guaranteed to .nd an entry for com.CNN somewhere along your path, and similarly if you follow routing entries to com.CNN you will eventually .nd an entry for com.CNN.headlines.
Sentence 2: we imagine that search engines and social networks will play an important role in future trust mechanisms involving RWIs.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Strictly speaking, the guaranteed bandwidth property is achieved by any allocation, since the number of contenders isalwaysboundedinpractice(e.g., evenwithaper.owallo­cation,thereisapracticallimittothenumberof.owsused).
Sentence 2: in a different model that satis.es only monotonicity, A could be guaranteed a sizable fraction of its access link capacity, regardless of the communicationpattern of B.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In addition, we were not able to obtain any dynamic recon.gurable FPGAs, which can be used to implement fast and huge telecom data pro­cessing circuits and fast recon.guration.
Sentence 2: in the .ow represented by the solid-line, a data frame is routed to the IP termination on module A and then to TCP termination on module C. The dashed-line shows the .ow when module A is in busy, in which case the data frame is routed to module B.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: The PSNR value greater than 30 dB indicates that the corresponding video frame is successfully decoded and played.With the cross-layer mapping scheme, only the PSNR values of I-frames are greater than 30 dB because most P-frames cannot be decoded due to the excess of playout time constraint.
Sentence 2: section 3 presents our proposed scheme in detail.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Extensible Hierarchical Simulation of Network Systems Xinming Chen Tilman Wolf Department of Electrical and Computer Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Engineering University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA xinmingchen@ecs.umass.edu wolf@ecs.umass.edu ABSTRACT The system architecture of a network system is of funda­mental importance to the performance of computer net­works.
Sentence 2: end Nodes: These components send and receive Eth­ernet frames.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: [10] use simulation to show unfair CSMA/CA parking lot scenarios and validate a multihop wireless backhaul fairness model.
Sentence 2: we also show that an accurate throughput-signal-strength char­acterization is critical: a network planned using the manu­facturer s reported values overestimates the link range by approximately three times the appropriate value, and would result in a nearly completely disconnected network.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: We consider both the nonpreemptive model and the pre­emptive model, where packets stored in the queues can be discarded in order to free space for new packets.
Sentence 2: it is crucial to note that we use the simulation of TL in the preemptive relaxed model even when we generate a nonpre­emptive algorithm GSA from a single queue nonpreemptive admission control strategy A.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: 3.2 Con.guring NDN Deployment In order to obtain a fully functional NDN network stack for the IoT, a FIB autocon.guration mechanism is needed: in IoT scenarios, even less than in other scenarios, one cannot expect humans in the loop, so manual con.guration is not part of the deployment.
Sentence 2: while Bluetooth provides its own, IEEE 802.15.4 does not.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: As a motivating example, consider the topology inFigure1 with twobi-directional.owsbetweenA andD.In traditional singlepath routing, the expected number of transmissions todeliver onepacket over eachhopis2due to the50%loss rates, and altogether8 trans­missions are requiredtodeliver onepacketfor each ofthetwo .ows.
Sentence 2: o3, O3-Intra, and MORE out-perform SPP by taking advantage of oppor­tunistic routing to effectively combat lossy wireless links.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Now, observe that Aj,u > tj holds if and only if (1) the message could not have been delivered through a direct contact of user u with a source, i.e.
Sentence 2: this investigation focuses on the message dissemination time de.ned as the time it takes for a message originated from a node to reach all nodes connected to the source through a path of length limited to some .xed number of hops.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: A trade-off in making this separation is that an additional mapping is required to bind and disseminate current location with an identifier.
Sentence 2: continued examination of the Default Free Zone routing table [3] has led to contemplation of short-term proposed research/engineering solutions involving tunnels and a BGP-less core Internet to reduce table size as well as reduce route convergence time of the path­vector routing algorithm of BGP [4].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: MPTCP with 4 sub.ows (not shown) performs substantially worse, achieving an average throughput that is 21% lower than LocalFlow.
Sentence 2: a network is symmetric if for all source­destination pairs (s, d), all switches on the shortest paths between s and d that are the same distance from s have identical outgoing capacity to d. any of these switches are equally good interme­diate candidates for routing a .ow between s and d. Using the example of Figure 2, switches Y and Z are both on a shortest path between (A,E), and both have one link of outgoing capacity to E. Real deployments and most proposed datacenter architectures satisfy the symmetry property.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: For example if a node that is located somewhere in the area between the two gateways, sends tra.c to either one of the gateways, it will at the same time interfere the medium of the other gateway, preventing it from receiving tra.c.
Sentence 2: the results also indicate that above a certain level of asymmetry, the advantages of load balanc­ing will decrease as in the case of the asymmetric topology set III.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: This asymptotically .uid like property, is very common among the vast majority of traf.c models in stochastic literature, and can be decoupled from any type of traf.c stationarity.
Sentence 2: the behavior and performance of these tech­niques in a multi-hop path with general bursty cross-traf.c is limited to experimental evaluations.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: ANALYSIS -35 -45   Good TCP Download (A) Good TCP Download (B) RSSI (dBm) 4.1 802.11 Performance Anomaly The analysis begins with Figure 3 where the application -55 -65 -75 layer throughputs for the .rst three cases in Table 2 are compared to show the impact of a host in a bad location -85 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 downloading a .le while a host in a good location concur­rently downloads a .le.
Sentence 2: the results thus far focus only on analyzing [10] and measuring performance at the wireless MAC layer [2], and thus they only provide meaningful results under narrow conditions.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In such crisis situations, each emergency response team member must fuse data from their immediate vicinity with relevant information obtained from other rescuers and data warehouses, in order to main­tain situational awareness to execute e.ective actions which would lead to mission objectives.
Sentence 2: the nu­merator is the total distance moved to ful.l each accepted task, and the denominator is the cardinality of the set of all accepted tasks.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: vA-vBl speed for RD mobility for the above case is vrd = v = 1.27. v rdv is the relative speed between the nodes when both nodes are moving, which occurs with probability pm2 .How­ever, with probability 2pm(1 - pm) only one of the node moves with relative speed v, and with probability (1 - pm)2 none of the nodes is moving.
Sentence 2: then, the expected hitting time (in) ETcomm until A encounters B, is given by: 1 ET(in) [l r )pr ](plTl + prTr),comm 1 -(1 -p)pl (1 -p hit hit (8) r r 2KL l where p = and p = phit .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: SIGCOMM 05, August 22 26, 2005, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Sentence 2: every packet from a legitimate user encounters a loss rate of p. The probability for a .le transfer of n packets to get through, each within a .xed number of retransmissions k is (1- p k)n. This probability decreases polynomially as the drop rate p increases and exponentially as the number of packets n (or the .le size) increases.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Figures 2 and 3 show that concurrently transmitted pack­ets are all corrupted when they have nearly equivalent sig­nal strength at the receiver.
Sentence 2: if N is the average ambient noise level mea­ -85 sured at the receiver, we can then calculate the signal-to­  interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) as: -90 -95 10RSSdBm /10 - 10NdBm /10 SINRdB =10 log10 (1) 10JRISdBm /10 Note that we base our SINR values from measurements taken directly at the receiver.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: The experiment clearly shows that Scotch overlay carries the small attack .ows that require large control-path handling but relatively asmall data-path throughput.
Sentence 2: we measure the Packet-In message rate (observed at the controller), the .ow rule insertion rate (observed at the controller), and the rate at which the new .ows successfully pass through the switch and reach the destination (observed at the server).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: A node acts as a relay if it receives a packet from an­other neighbor and wants to forward it.
Sentence 2: it can achieve a higher coding Table 1: Comparison Between Structure-based and Structure-free Routing with Respect to Decoding Gain Routing Selected Received packets Decoding Scheme Relays at the sink Gain Both E p1, p2, p1+x 1.5 Both D p1, p2, p1+y+w 1.6 Structure-based Both C p1, p2, p1+p+q+r 2 (CTP) C,D D,E p1, p2, p1+p+q+r, p2+y+w p1, p2, p1+y+w, p2+x 2.25 1.75 C,E p1, p2, p1+p+q+r, p2+x 2 Structure-free (S-NC) C,D p1, p2, p1+p+q+r, p2+y+w 2.25 opportunity by exploiting the information about the exis­tence and number of data in neighbor nodes; also it can balance energy consumption in the network.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: This means that ef.cient supportfor EP-uni.cationisa crucialfeatureofsymbolic reachability analysisof protocolsmodulotheir algebraicproperties EP.
Sentence 2: protocol Examples Inthissectionweincludeseveralprotocolsthatwe willuseasmoti­vatingexamplesthataresubjecttoattackswhichwedemonstratein Maude-NPA.Because homomorphicencryptionisusuallyusedto­gether withanoperatorwithadditionalalgebraicproperties,there are not very many examples of protocols that rely on homomor­phicencryptionoveran operatorwith nofurtheralgebraicproper­tiesthat are relevanttotheprotocol.Thusin somecases wehave devised our own.
Relationship: neutral