sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The merge is performed so that the parent s rollback information supersedes the child; if both the parent and the child have rollback information for the same object, the child s rollback information for that ob­ject is discarded, otherwise the child s rollback information for the object is added to the parent s rollback log.
Sentence 2: if A2 (and its whole subtree of assemblies and .nish scopes, including A7) .nishes its execution before A3 tries acquiring O again while executing the code for A5, then A3 will be able to acquire O and proceed with the execution.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Systemallsthatblokdonotintegratewellwith appliationsthatalreadyhavetheirowneventloop, sinewithoutpolling,appliationsannotwaitonthe resultsofmultiplesystemalls.Asystemallisable toreturnimmediatelywiththedatatheuserneeds, buttheimpedimentsitposestoappliationintegration arelarge.Systemallswouldworkwellinathreaded environment,butthispresupposesthreadingsupport, andtheselet­basedmehanismwedesribebelowan beusedinathreadedsystemwithoutmajoradditional overhead.
Sentence 2: 2.PerformaniotltoextratalistofallfowIDs whihmaysend,ortoreeivetheurrentnetwork onditionsforafow.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (2) What are the constraints on or normal values of this variable?
Sentence 2: questions about whatcode does were often scoped to a situation e.g., what hap­pens when an exception occurs or an operation times out.our results suggest that a key design goal for tools orlanguages is to better use the situations described in devel­opers questions to focus and filter the information theyprovide to developers.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: ADDITIONALAUTHORS Additional author: Yvonne Coady (Computer Science, University of Victoria, email: ycoady@cs.uvic.ca) 7.
Sentence 2: the .rst is of sorting algorithms on the IBM CBE4 and on the NVIDIA/CUDA GPGPUs5 to identify which characteristics of the algorithms match the architectures needs.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: of superclasses System Internal DIT Depth of Inheritance of a class Class Nested Outward NOC Number of Children is the number of immediate subclasses subordinated to a class Class Nested Inward Fandown Number of subclasses of a class Class Nested Inward Fanup Number of super classes of a class Class Nested Outward NIA Number of Inherited Attributes in a class Class Nested Outward NIM Number of Inherited Methods in a class Class Nested Outward NoVM Number of Overridden Methods in a class Class Nested Gross Table 3: Metrics with their Viewpoint and Projections Property Description L1 The length of a system is nonnegative (Non­negativity) L2 The length of a system is 0 if the set of ele­ments which constitute the system is empty.
Sentence 2: the property based evaluation also requires an analysis of di.erent kinds of mergers.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: early nineties [32, 34, 35, 15], and the intersection type discipline (ITD), as .rst developed in the early 1980s [17, 18, 10, 4] are two good examples of systems which, while undecidable in principle, have found practical application.
Sentence 2: this method body refers to the .eld f in the receiver (this), and thus any predicate which we derive must also mention f. since f is not visible in the type Aany such predicate will not be in the language of A.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: PC CC Nim Game DT OOP Version CBSE Version 4 2 4 2 1 0 Simpli.cation OOP Version CBSE Version 7 1 7 1 4 0 MineSweeper OOP Version CBSE Version 7 1 7 1 1 0 Javacalc OOP Version CBSE Version 8 2 8 1 0 0 REGEXP OOP Version CBSE Version 12 4 11 5 6 5 JavaCompExt OOP Version CBSE Version 51 8 51 8 47 40 Metrics Plugin OOP Version CBSE Version 124 19 124 18 109 102  (from 96=93+3 to 120=112+8), SoMoX observes few changes in the number of component types (it decreases from 143=124+19 to 142=124+18).
Sentence 2: it usually produces a huge quantity of information that one must .lter.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Finally, in order to query the ABox behind a provided semantic template, a tuple cen­tre has to exploit Jena API by means of a query language called SPARQL.
Sentence 2: we have chosen such an ontology language since it represents a good compromise between expressiveness and complexity [7], and .ts well the TuCSoN openness requirement, since it is a standard on­tology language introduced for the Semantic Web, by the W3C Consortium.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In fact, reference architectures have presented a consider­able, valuable body of knowledge about how to structure sys­tems of a domain and, therefore, they can be considered as important elements to be reused.
Sentence 2: as reference architectures and PLA are sometimes con­sidered as similar architectures, in a previous work, we have clearly di.ered them and established the relationship be­tween them [17].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Speci.c actions the agent may have been able to deploy previously may suddenly be forbidden the social or normative position of the agent changes.
Sentence 2: if that plan involves picking up a delivery from a factory at the start of the day, but the factory agent does not plan to produce the products until later, the global plan will fail, and thus the obligations of the Virtual Or­ganisation will not be satis.ed.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The increased initial delay for these users as a result of random losses in the network is tabulated below.
Sentence 2: |S(si)| and set­ting it to zero for minimal cost gives the recurrence: w + |S(si)| = (w + |S(si-1)|)(w + |S(si+1)|), or (4) |si| = |si-1 ||si+1| the segmentation that minimizes total bandwidth consump­tion divides the movie into segments of geometrically increasing size.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Hence, there are essentially no pre­condition and postcondition the method and caller can rely on, but we may have de.ned precondition and postcondi­tion for mi in feature module f. Thus, it is also necessary to specify the contract if a certain feature is not selected.
Sentence 2: first, most methods are only introduced and not re.ned at all [35].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: .-slicing and explain [7] are two techniques for fault localiza­tion that exploit differences between passing and failing abstract programexecutions traces foundbya model checker.Table1 com­pares our results to the published individual results for all .ve ver­sions of TCAS reportedin[7].We conclude thatD EPUTO isfar su­perior to explain (which requires to explore 24 64% of a program) and performs competitive with respect to Delta slicing (within 5%), yet at reduced complexity.
Sentence 2: the (cardinality-) minimal fault assumptions that are consistent with our test speci.cation are: {¬h1}, {¬h7}, {¬h9 }, and {¬h12}.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: <rdf:RDF xml:lang="en" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:serv="http://localhost/RDF/servizio.rdfs#">  <serv:ServiceProvider rdf:about="provider ...">   IDFP1SOM   TRANSPORT     Check_Hotel_Availability   SM01   Service providing a check for hotel availability     arrival    IN  STRING      departure   IN  STRING      category   IN  STRING   <serv:Parameter rdf:about="result parameter">   Ris   OUTPUT  STRING     Figure 5: SDL specification for the check_hotel_availability service Our future research will be focused on the implementation of all the components of the framework.
Sentence 2: the literature also presents some work in service composition focused on using workflow management systems, either as an engine for distributed activity coordination or as a tool to model and define service composition.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Applications are the agents, and the good they are competing for is the application of the policy they value most, among a set of alternatives that correspond to the poli­cies that can be applied in a particular context to deliver a service.
Sentence 2: as the application instances involved are running on the same host (i.e., on the same middleware instance), no communication overhead is required, and the solution set P * can be computed locally.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: () declares [ sensorSet : Set ; sensor1, ... , sensor10 : Sensor ; proxySensor1, ... , proxySensor10 : ProxySensor ; recordingDevice : RecordingDevice ; alarm : Alarm ; sensorManager : SensorManager ; ] does [ // create and initialize the components sensorSet := new Set ; sensorSet() ; sensor1 := new Sensor ; sensor1() ; proxySensor1 := new ProxySensor ; proxySensor1() ; proxySensor1.setSensor(sensor1) ; sensorSet.add(proxySensor1) ; .
Sentence 2: we have shown in the process control example how connectors can be speci.ed explicitly to abstract away from communication peculiarities between components.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 2.2 Software Process Improvement (SPI) According to Pitterman [16] and Yamamura [20], a software development process improvement has been raising the quality of the information systems produced, reducing costs and effort spent in the projects, while increasing the productivity of the activities performed.
Sentence 2: the existing software quality models, such as the CMMI-SW, don t provide proper guidance on how organizations should define their processes based on their strategies [5, 15].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: if (p, o) .G,or p canobtainan SLA (q, (p, o)) from a second party q, or if these conditions can be satis.ed for all observations in any set of observations upon which o depends.
Sentence 2: if the absolute di.erence between the two logs is greater than 2e then the probability that Xi lies further than efrom thetruevalue µi is related to the con.dence we have that Yi lies within the error interval of the true value, which in the worst case will be given by c. The test statistic chosen for our hypothesis test is therefore d ' , the number of cases where |Xi - Yi| >2e.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To the best of our knowledge, this is the .rst work which considers a com­bined strategy of exploiting both the energy market price variability and heterogeneity of data center server hardware towards minimizing the electricity cost.
Sentence 2: each server type has a power pro.le composed of an active power consumption hactive and idle power consumption hidle, and a capability pro.le µ h; µ h is the service rate of server type h. the total capability of a data center can be given as NC = t Shh µ .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, expressing requirements for class members, including constructors and destructors, must refer to pa­rameters in contrast to the declarations in classes where members implicitly refer to the class being de.ned4: 1 concept Container { 2 X::X(int n); 3 X::~X(); 4 bool X::empty() const; 5 } Many other adaptations of syntax are necessary for concepts, but pseudo signatures are similar to the usual C++ signatures.
Sentence 2: the constraints check procedure is re-used to check that a concept map satis.es its associated requirements and re.nements when type-checking the map.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The ability to mark a class or method as deprecated solves the problem...
Sentence 2: currently, the names of the refactorings in the 6http://dev.eclipse.org/viewcvs/index.cgi/ 5Yes, the very same library that we also use as a running ~checkout~/jdt-ui-home/r3 0/proposals/ example.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Our work to date has focused on nar­rative requirements, i.e., requirements that describe interac­tions between the system under development and external actors, similar to use cases, user stories, or scenarios.
Sentence 2: in summary, our approach supports a balance of precision and usability by o.ering a formal language for specifying re­quirements as well as visual interaction that alleviates some of the burdens and challenges of formal speci.cations.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since k2 = a+1 and l2 = b- 1, the BRV between them can be calculated as Ir= II2 -II1 = (a+1 b-1)T -(ab)T = (1 -1)T .
Sentence 2: the algorithm terminates when all values that can be taken on by tIi are iterated.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Another limitation relative to MDSOC, and especially AOP, is that its support for pointcuts (specifying in one place code that is to be exe­cuted at multiple sites, or join points) is limited to what can be done with inheritance.
Sentence 2: additional dimen­sions trump inheritance, which is why line 3 below does not test for specificity: dcs .dcs' = 1.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We have shown that our record/replay mechanism signi.cantly reduces log-sizes, resulting in log savings of 70% in some cases, al­though at a cost of an order-of-magnitude slowdown in application performance.
Sentence 2: due to timing variations (Section 3.2), a connection that succeeded dur­ing record may fail during replay (for example, the connector may call connect before the remote node has had a chance to invoke listen).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Once the content is copied into the clipboard, it can be pasted into any application.
Sentence 2: two issues render the use of Mimic less attractive in the downstream direction when compared to the upstream direction: (i) The downstream bandwidths are typically much larger than the upstream bandwidths in most WWAN environments, rendering the savings in bandwidth the Mimic delivers less critical; and (ii) The computational and latency overheads of Mimic might be less tolerable when the replaying is performed by the client itself.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: One recent attempt in this general direction is worth pointing out [Dwy99].
Sentence 2: the most important function that the software builder performs for the client is the iterative extraction and re.nement of the Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Parallelizing Across GPUs in the Cloud As demonstrated in Section 3, Solvency II calculations can be ef.­ciently performed on GPUs by parallelizing with respect to interest rate paths.
Sentence 2: for example, a multiprocessor can multiply the 32 numbers a[0] to a[31] by 7, computing a[0] · 7, a[1] · 7, .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If a developer defines a set of model elements to form a perspective then every model element of the perspective represents something unique about the system: () unique(m) =(" $ included( fe) = me /.isShared( fe) Lme.m fe.f l This implies that every model element within a perspective has some unique code elements not shared with any other model element.
Sentence 2: the VOD plays selected movies on demand.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: An instance of data disclosure condition matrix is shown in Fig.3.
Sentence 2: the repository cloud only checks four possible allocations and decides that the previous allocation result (0,0,1,1) should be replaced by the new one (0,1,1,0) since the penalty of (0,1,1,0) is lower than the cost of (0,0,1,1) while the cost of both allocations are less than $250.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: All technology and source code provided to and developed by the Eclipse community is made available royalty-free via the Eclipse Public License [10].
Sentence 2: one can observe the following aspects as foundatio or a wor aspects as foundation f or a work­i ng e c os ys t e m b ot h i n bi ol og y a nd s of t w a r e : Technology.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 6.2.5 Impact of network-based aggregation The improvementsin the reduce phaseofexecution with Sailfish come at the expense of an additional network transfer.
Sentence 2: the difference between the two systems is in the ef.ciencywith which the reduce task obtains its input, namely, the amount of data read per seek which effectively determines the disk throughput that can be achieved.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Every problem has a weakest failure detector.
Sentence 2: for a crash-problem P, an AFD D, and an environment E, if P CE D, then for any other environment E ' with the same external signature as E, P CE' D. when we refer to an AFD D being solvable using a crash problem (or an AFD) P, we generally omit the reference to the environment automaton and simply say that P is su.cient to solve D;wedenotethis relationship by P CD.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Despite of its accuracy, this class of systems reveals an important degree of intrusiveness as a result of the installation of the standard sensors and the necessity for the user to wear items with a RFID reader (e.g.
Sentence 2: when the assistive service determines that it is essential to guide the patient through prompts, the algorithm, which is programmed in C#, evaluates the appropriate prompt to send and finds the pathway to route the hint which must be executed by designated multimedia.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Because the initial states in each system are a subset of the reachable states, i.e., 8i)Ri,it is always true that 81 ^82)p^q.
Sentence 2: in our model, the transform Tis a function that maps a monitored event e2Em and the current state s2Sto the next state s 02S.Further, a state is a function that maps each state variable, i.e., each monitored or controlled variable, mode class, or term, to a type-correct value; a condition is a predicate de.ned on a system state, and an event is a predicate requiring that two system states differ in the value of at least one state variable.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: An active superblock contains one or more blocks available for reser­vation that are guaranteed to be available to threads that reach them through the header of the processor heap.
Sentence 2: by leveraging some high-level structures from Hoard [3], a scalable lock-based allocator, we achieve concurrency be­tween operations on multiple processors, avoid inducing false sharing, and limit space blowup to a constant factor.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The function call is legal since type B[3] is a subtype of Object[] (an array of objects).
Sentence 2: a com­mon theme to Cohen s algorithm, PE, BPE and our algorithm is slicing, in which the set Tis partitioned into disjoint slices (some­times called buckets) 8,b,b b,81a.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: OPC DA servers pro­vide one or several OPC DA clients with transparent access to di.erent data sources, e.g., temperature sensors, and data sinks, e.g., controllers.
Sentence 2: an example of conventional communication architecture between three di.erent software applications and three dif­ferent process control devices used in the manufacturing in­dustry is shown in Fig.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Note that this is different than propagating an operation s results: it may simply be that version 1 of component A needs to invoke an operation in component B, while version 2 needs to invoke an operation in component C. We are currently supporting this type of authority specification by assuming that the component designated as authoritative for performing a given non-terminal operation will also be authoritative for invoking any other operation.
Sentence 2: furthermore, the framework s explicit, flexible connectors with polymorphic interfaces have been used as the foundation of our support for architecture-based runtime evolution of applications [22].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since the %Achievable MC/DC for the non-inlined model is always at 100, %Achievable inlined MC/DC can only be lower than %Achievable non-inlined.
Sentence 2: table 7 gives the sizes of test suites generated to provide MC/DC over the non-inlined implementations versus the inlined im­plementations.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Further, since the bandwidth required by voice com-16 14 radius (a) Uniform distribution munication will compete with bandwidth for the rest of the NVE, 12 10 8 6 the Gabriel graph has the advantage of fewer neighbors to replicate packets to.
Sentence 2: unique to their design, they separate the control network, which administers memberships to various voice confer­ences, and the media .ow network, which is solely for disseminat­ing and mixing voice packets.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In fact, we .nd that the performance of a query for k MAX RESPONSES at a repli­cation factor of r is equivalent to that of a query for a single response  at a correspondingly lower replication factor of rk .
Sentence 2: the current use of P2P .le-sharing systems, which revolves around sharing music and video, requires such keyword matching.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The other contribution is the portability of SW simulation model.
Sentence 2: when building fast timed SW models, we need to solve two problems: (1) how to enable timing synchronization between the native execution and HW simulation and (2) how to obtain the portability of native execution (that needs multi-tasking from simulation environments to emulate its multi-tasking operation) on different simulation environments (that give different types of multi-tasking).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The parts of such a system that are particularly popular are those related to advisory services [13], market information [15, 8, 17], and farming and planning practices [6, 1].
Sentence 2: a focused group discussion was organized to identify how the system could support the critical situations identi.ed and hence develop technological scenarios to be further evalu­ated with domain experts and stakeholders.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: They analyzed around 400 C++ and 300 Java classes, concluding that CK metrics were signi.cantly associated with faults counts, but they found that e.ectiveness of these metrics vary in the two programming languages investigated.
Sentence 2: that was not the case for every Eclipse version, since the level of signi.cance of some of the re­gressors varies from version to version.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [2] Katherine Barabash, Ori Ben-Yitzhak, Irit Goft, Elliot K.Kolodner, Victor Leikehman,Yoav Ossia,Avi Owshanko, and Erez Petrank.
Sentence 2: we attempted to .nd the middle way between simplicity andef.ciency,in orderto enableveri.cationwhile maintainingthe practicability of the collector.
Relationship: neutral