sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: A binary equiva- If (user.role = Manager AND user.role = Sr. Analyst 1 AND user.role != Sr. Analyst 2 AND user.procs = {p8, p9, p15, ..., p21}) then (user.status = Normal ); If (user.role = Manager AND user.role = Sr. Analyst 1 AND user.role != Sr. Analyst 2 AND user.procs = {p8, p10, p15, ..., p21}) then (user.status = Abnormal ); Figure 3: An example of role-action mapping rules lent to the above encoding scheme may use 1 and 0 to denote the presence and absence of an assignment respectively.
Sentence 2: he is not assigned the role of Sr. Analyst 2, and thus is disallowd to access process p10.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Despite making a strong independence assumption, Na¨ive Bayes clas­si.er is a powerful and computationally e.cient tool for an­alyzing sparse, large-scale data.
Sentence 2: our models can be used by enterprise IT administrators and anti-malware vendors to identify a small pool of vulnerable devices, e.g., to deploy more expensive analysis techniques on them or to provide training to their users.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Speci.­cally, as showninFigure1, each observed unique symbolpre.x of length n - 1 is associated with a frequency table, which records occurrences of symbols with the given pre.x.
Sentence 2: while .ying under the radar of their targeted detection methods, these evasion tech­niques are ineffective against other analysis techniques.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: A parallel 1-out-2 Oblivious Transfer for f strings having bitlength t, denoted as OT£t , is a two-part protocol where o 01 y S inputs f pairs of t-bit strings Si = si ,si for i =1,...,f with si 0 ,s 1 .
Sentence 2: in remote monitor­ing scenarios in which electrodes are placed by non-expert people, control of the recorded signal quality becomes very important.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: For a given schedule, the vendor count can be computed by summing up the maximum value of C2Vj,k : p Goal2: minimize max C2Vj,k 1=j=m k=1 If V endork is not used, then C2Vj,k should be 0 for all cores.
Sentence 2: while existing research focuses on addressing hardware tro­jans in individual IPs, this paper improves MPSoC security from an­other perspective.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Figure 4 shows how possinymity evolves across the life­times of pseudonyms with 1-second round times (no o.ine time tolerance).
Sentence 2: a more re.ned policy might temporarily halt all posting for Nym N by returning Pi = Ø when members of N s current possinymity set go o.ine, in hopes that the missing members will soon return.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: (6) sli..i  3.3 Equilibrium Analysis Based on the de.nition of NE (De.nition 2), each controller plays her/his best response strategy in an NE.
Sentence 2: measuring Sharing Loss: When the decision of privacy con.ict resolution for a con.icting segment is deny , it may cause losses in potential data sharing since there are controllers expecting to allow the accessors in the con.icting segment to access the data item.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Prior to actually executing an instruction, the processor will .rst check the CPSR register to ensure that its contents corresponds to the status encoded in the condition bits of the instruction.
Sentence 2: one caveat is that when the SUB instruction is used with two regis­ters as operands, an additional rotate right (ROR) on the second op­erand must be done in order to make the bytes alphanumeric.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: How­ever, in both random and powerlaw graph topology cases, the graphs with average node degree approximately 10 al­most always exhibit a better attack-resilience than their respective counterparts with average node degree approxi­mately 4.
Sentence 2: in general, a user can employ multi­ple servers to run a threshold cryptosystem, which can be further enhanced with proactive-security [26, 16].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: A builds n/2 messages mA[1],mA[2], ..., mA[n/2], where the source identi.er of mA[j] is either set to A if RA[j]=1 or set to B if RA[j]=0.
Sentence 2: we conjec­ture that Alice and Bob s packets cannot be distinguished using signal strength analysis.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The only evidence unearthed by standard proce-dures and tools was a directory containing a tool to perform brute-force ssh attempts against other machines, crime evi- dence that a number of standard binaries had been replaced and possibly "trojaned," and syslog messages showing a number of successful ssh logins for every user on the sys- tem that did not have a login shell.
Sentence 2: backTracker requires a specific UNIX process or inode number from which to "back- track" to an attack entry point.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: the number of items in the history set, number of items in the grammar set and collect all the tokens from the first generated token to the ph generated token.
Sentence 2: c(1) = T(1) SXOR HT(I) C(2) = T(2) SXOR HT(2) C(n) = T(n) SXOR HT(n) Eve should know HT(I) in order to get a token T(I) generated at the/~ interval.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: To date such malware­malware synergies have been mostly accidental, although there are intentional examples as well, such as the CTX virus strategy of piggybacking on the Cholera worm.
Sentence 2: they must also aggregate the results of multiple analyses to mitigate threats that have already spread, develop intelligence estimates of what the attackers are doing and are likely to do next, and conduct forensic analysis of attacks that have occurred.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The human mind is capable of very fast visual process­ing, outweighing the data mining capabilities of machines.
Sentence 2: aCKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to acknowledge the signi.cant intellectual input of our SIFT colleagues, whose work and insights in­directly contributed to this paper: Cristina Abad, Ratna Bearavolu, Adam Lee, and Adam Slagell.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: There are some security issues related to M­commerce:thelossortheft of mobiledevicesresultsinaex­posure of transaction information; transaction receipts that are send over WI-FI or 3G networks can be easily inter­cepted; transaction receipts can also be captured via Blue­tooth connections without the user s consent; and mobile viruses, worms and Trojan horses can access the transaction information stored on mobile devices if this information is notprotectedbypasswords orPIN numbers.
Sentence 2: f * p, computes s =(cg , and sends to Re a pair (.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: As men­tioned earlier the hash function H in our .rst fuzzy IBE scheme is assumed to be the random oracle, which gives rise to very short public parameters.
Sentence 2: 2 Notice that a stronger notion indistinguishability of en­cryptions under fuzzy selective-ID, chosen ciphertext attack (IND-FSID-CCA) can also be de.ned by giving A an access to a decryption oracle.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: To .nd all feasible paths, we need to thoroughly traverse diverse program paths that may lead to a leakage, and at the same time, we want to ensure low false positive as well as low false negative rate during this analysis.
Sentence 2: symbolic execution cannot cover the critical events in WeChat in this con.gu­ration, and failed to cover critical events in two cases(Youlu and WeChat ) if we lower the threshold to 10 events.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Hence, our approach is suit­able for environments where the .ltering rule sets do not change too frequently, as changes to the source rule set require a recompu­tation of the modi.ed rule set in order to prevent a degeneration of the embedded decision trees.
Sentence 2: while the methodology proposed in this paper also performs of­.ine preprocessing, it takes the opposite approach to existing tech­niques: instead of reducing the size of the rule set, we enlarge it in a controlled way in order to improve the matching performance.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Each concern represents a classi.cation of data and an IFC-aware trusted computing base at each node ensures that software components requesting access to data have authorisation appropriate to the data s classi.ca­tion as described by the tags in its label.
Sentence 2: evaluating malfunctions In addition to data .ows that are legitimately permitted by policy, other transmissions may be possible as a result of malfunctions, be they the result of miscon.guration of soft­ware or hardware, incorrect hardware or software operation, or humans following inappropriate procedures or carrying out unauthorised actions.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: [19] Y. Xia, Y. Liu, H. Chen, and B. Zang, CFIMon: Detecting violation of control .ow integrity using performance counters, in 42nd Intl.
Sentence 2: brute attack [13], partial address overwrites [14] and informa­tion disclosure [15] are potential limitations, to which even some more .ne-grained ASLR schemes [7, 11, 12] have been shown vulnerable [16].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Categories and Subject Descriptors D.4.6 [Security and Protection]  General Terms Security, Theory  Keywords Emergent behavior, cybersecurity, security properties 1.
Sentence 2: speci.c cryp­tographic security properties were investigated before the introduc­tion of the unifying notion called universal composability [2], or its equivalent (but perhaps more intuitive) version called concur­rent general composition (arbitrarily many instances run possibly together with arbitrary other protocols) [13].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The methods have low computational overhead compared with standard key agreement protocols.
Sentence 2: 2.2.2 Signal Model of Attacker Similar to (3), the RF signals received by Eve can be writ­ten as ye(t) = .eaxa(t) + .ebxb(t) (5) where .ea is the coupling coe.cient between Eve and Alice.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Speci.cally, we took advantage ofa command-line switchprovidedbySoottoexcludeJava-library 1Note that tainting network operations does not necessarily indicate the existence of side-channel leaks, as the features of encrypted traf.c may not re.ect the content of sensitive user data.
Sentence 2: more speci.cally, the SuggestBox widget was found to send individ­ualinput lettersto retrievedatafromaweb server.Ina similarway, GWT AdvancedTable used filterText, whichwasspeci.edby our user model to contain two letters, togather the data including the string from the server side.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: We argue that due to this higher deployment cost, industrial deployments of the intrusion detector for the AMI have not been witnessed yet.
Sentence 2: graph then Make directed edge from si-1 to si ; end else Create node si in Graph ; Make directed edge from si-1 to si ; end end Since the AMI system under consideration is a real-time system and can not be restarted with di.erent initial states, we argue that the model learning technique should be able to start observing data from the system at any given time and can work with a single long sequence of observations.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Thisformofinferentialbreahwasidentifedin[9]; theTTGprotoolin[9]protetsagainstitbyusing astep­by­step,resolution­likeproesstoreduequeries andrevealredentials,asoutlinedinsetion2.When .
Sentence 2: thenegotiator,N,speifesaknowledgementpoliy (l)(2)(3) (4) EPub.disountEOrg.preferredStateU.studentRegistrarB.studentAlie.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: A recent study[64]shows that aperson sDNA could evenbeinferredfrom RNAdata(oftenpublishedin research repositories) even though it was previously assumed not to yield any information about its owner.
Sentence 2: privacy-preserving computa­tion ofSmith-Waterman scores[67]has alsobeeninvestigatedand usedforsequence alignment.Jha,et al.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Hsin and Liu suggest a two-phase time­out system for neighbour monitoring which uses active prob­ing to reduce the probability of false-positives [10].
Sentence 2: although it is generally agreed that entirely tamper-proof sensor nodes would be too expensive, current trends in the hardware development of embedded devices in­dicate that some level of physical protection will be available in the near future [20, 15].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: (r 1 p.cond(u, o ,a)) then 14: /* obligation B[j] is currently authorized */ 15: executed[j] -true 16: T.delete(B[j].end) 17: if solve(ready,a(u, o)(r), B, T, numEx + 1, executed) then 18: return false 19: executed[j] -false 20: T.insert(B[j].end) 21: else 22: if T.minValue() .
Sentence 2: they also rely on human users and admin­istrators performing actions that range broadly, including tasks such as business functions and administrative opera­tions, and are an obligatory part of the humans' job descrip­tions.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: This version has a new trailer which de.nes the main object (root) of the PDF tree.
Sentence 2: we have empowered the parsing process by extracting any embedded content inside the main PDF, and we have combined the output of Malware Slayer and PDFRate (structural analysis), PJScan (JS analy­sis), Wepawet (JS, EXE and SWF analysis) according to an OR rule8 .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: were the .rst to propose an e.cient encryption scheme Therefore, we argue that in cases where data security is the primary concern, it is better to use secure, albeit ine.cient protocols like that of Oblivious RAM.
Sentence 2: 6.1.6 Evaluation Metric In this paper, we evaluate our proposed attack model us­ing three such evaluation metrics, namely 0-tolerant metric, 0.1-tolerant metric and .nally, 0.2-tolerant metric as de.ned in §5.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Copyright &#38;#169; 2009 ACM 978-1-60558-569-7/09/06...$5.00 Emad Eldin Mohamed College of IT, United Arab Emirates University AL Ain, United Arab Emirates 971- 3-7626209 emohamed@uaeu.ac.ae  1.
Sentence 2: only qualified role members can view it, based on the subjects security clearances and the objects security classifications.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The example also shows that the number of parallel memory banks and the interleave fac­tor have an signi.cant impact on ef.ciency: Regarding the cycle phases of the sample hcrypt machine architecture, it is even necessary to arrange the memory in a way such that a command word and a target address in absolute address mode (a reference by memory address, like in the sample program) are stored in separate banks.
Sentence 2: 2.1 Oblivious Memory Access Our original approach uses the following pattern to obliv­iously calculate the result of a memory access: The result r of the switching function for a 4-bit memory column m is given as r = (¬a0 .¬a1 .m0) .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: These automata make transi­tions that are entirely based on a subject s own operations, such as open s, read s and write s. Whereas these automata can only accept or reject an execution sequence, Ligatti et al [16] proposed a more powerful automata called edit automata that could also suppress or modify a subject s actions.
Sentence 2: an object created by a subject receives the label of that subject.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.0[Data Communication]: [Securityand protection]; D.4.6[Security and Protection]: Authentication Cryp­tographic controls General Terms Security, Languages, Performance  Keywords Cryptography, security protocol, security evaluation 1.
Sentence 2: though, one can use a single key (e.g., KH ) for both the session and HMAC with a relatively degraded security, we needed to separate authentication of the SP and session en­cryption operations in order to ensure secure authentication  Table 1: Running times vs. input data sizes of the Java and C++ implementations tested on ARM and Intel platforms.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: This link indicates that the DM entity has propagated a DO s data to the DC entity fol­lowing agreement on a policy.
Sentence 2: in the light of these considerations, we need a vision and a technical framework that puts people in control of their iden­tity data and that optimizes identity propagation, including the types of data propagated, the organizations managing the data, and the policies for managing the data.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Prior research has shown security holes due to improper hook placement in the Linux kernel.
Sentence 2: roots of C G) do 3 //hooksAG(f) is set of hooks (in AG) that protect f. 4 if there is a path from r to f in C G, and hooksAG(f) = hooksAG(r) then 5 if hooksAG(f) = hooksAG(c) for at least one child c of f then 6 C K F := C K F .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Finally, after this ran­dom shu.e completes, Alice chooses a new random nonce, r, for her pseudo-random function, hr.
Sentence 2: mISS-TOLERANCE An important functionality that is lacking from the square­root solution is that it does not allow for accesses to items that are not in the set S. it is a miss-intolerant OS solution.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: There are several avenues for future work on the TMI architec­ture.For instance, while this paper has focused on enforcing au­thorization policies, TMI can also implement manyother security services, ranging from runtime information-.ow tracking to intru­sion forensics.
Sentence 2: theTMI architectureis practical.Wehave designedand imple­mented TMI reference monitors for enforcing authorization poli­cieson server software.wehavecreatedaTMI imple­mentation based on Sun s Dynamic SoftwareTransactional Mem­ory (DSTM2) toolkit for Java[34].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Previous signature schemes, such as aggregate or ring sig­natures, only deal with attacks in the one-dimension setting (e.g., .. parties) which can be considered as attacks in Case 1 and Case 2.
Sentence 2: yet another example is from various wireless sensor network (WSN) applications where in-network aggregation is used not only for statistical infor­mation acquisition but also as an essential mechanism to reduce communication tra.c and save energy [9, 11].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: DISCUSSION: AJAX TamperProof does not currently address applications written for Web 2.0 or Web 3.0 or those that dynamically al­ter the client code of a web form, e.g., by employing JavaScript.
Sentence 2: that routine .rst consults the JavaScript cache to see if the constraints for the JavaScript have already been extracted and if so simply adds those con­straints to the result of the HTML constraint extraction; otherwise, it extracts the constraints from the JavaScript and updates the cache.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Let |pid| = n. At this point, the n players expected to take part in the protocol are all ready to receive a key.
Sentence 2: ( dom session key; if the adversary always sends messages pre-pended with a 0 to some instance then that instance ' ' i U if (1) UWe say that an adversary impersonates U to Iwill essentially just run 1, which is AKE-secure.)
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 5.1 Overview of Demand-Response Programs Nowadays, many utility companies provide either or both of two types of services: CBP (Capacity Bidding Program) and DBP (Demand Bidding Program).
Sentence 2: from the customers perspective, it is desirable to minimize the amount of data shared or disclosed to third parties while obtaining maximal bene.t with respect to services.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The string analysis is conservative, so the NDFA for a string is an overestimate of all the possible values of the string.2 1 http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/ 2 Christensen and colleagues technique actually generates Deterministic Finite Automata (DFAs) by transforming each NDFA into a corresponding DFA.
Sentence 2: a generic instrumentation framework for collecting dynamic information.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: While this might cause ambiguity for other implementations, in this Haskell-based implementa­tion such nesting has clear and well-de.ned semantics, and can therefore be permitted.
Sentence 2: data AccessType = CreateVar | ReadVar | WriteVar type TMILog d = [(AccessType, d)] To specify the application speci.c policy, the programmer must supply the security manager, a function of the type TMILog d -> Bool.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: In our current implementation, ok-dbproxy is both privileged and trusted: it is trusted to contaminate and check labels to ensure secrecy and integrity respectively, and is privileged in that idd grants it all user taint handles at level .. ok-dbproxy adds a user ID column to the table de.nition of every table accessed by OKWS workers.
Sentence 2: the size of various labels in the system will increase with the number of sessions.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 33 0,23 Gmail 3,57 23 36 157 0,4 2,1 YES - - Google Chrome 24,6 36,3 54 230 10,1 2,3 YES - - Google Play Music 7,53 68,1 64 276 1 2,1 YES - - Google Street View 0,25 1,8 13 57 0,1 2,1 YES - - Instagram 14,87 93,1 60 244 4 3,8 YES - - LinkedIn 6,56 65,1 69 292 4,2 2,1 YES - - Microsoft Lync 2010 3,61 3,5 8 41 0,1 2,1 YES - - Microsoft Remote D. 4,50 16,622 15 64 0,1 2,1 YES - - Mozilla Firefox 23,13 36,7 60 226 1,1 2,2 YES - - OpenDocument Reader 1,61 45,8 44 188 0,6 3,0 YES - - PocketCloud Remote 11,25 73,2 198 660 4,8 2,4 YES - - Tiny Flashlight 1,28 16,4 61 223 0,8 3,2 YES - - T.N.T.
Sentence 2: the security state of each mobile device is evaluated against the models of the instal­led applications.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: atdtdttetat the teetgsn wt atebtbtet gt apntattnat tt ta toGaeeteott o atettat ahehehttthe tattgtnt awtbttaabweattta tteetettta et npThthutyrMhthtytltuut .
Sentence 2: printouts of this file are unaffected by this problem.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: These types of curves are particularly appealing for WSN environments, as they permit an extremely e.cient implementation in terms of memory and processing require­ments, when compared with implementations on ordinary curves [23, 24].
Sentence 2: our proposed key exchange proto­col should provide negotiation for cryptographic algorithms, as well as keying material, to existing data security protocol speci.c for sensor nodes, such as TinySec [8] or MiniSec [9].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: [7] A. Sathiaseelan, J. Crowcroft, M. Goulden, C. Grei.enhagen, R. Mortier, G. Fairhurst, and D. McAuley.
Sentence 2: this would not work for many reasons: The PAWS router would have to work as a modem therefore would have to be con.gured and suitable for all ISPs and connection methods (.ber, ADSL, etc.).
Relationship: neutral