sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (26) m vj [t]= ßk vk[t - 1] where (27) k=1 m ßk = 0for 1 = k = m, and ßk = 1 (28) k=1 ßg(i,j) = .
Sentence 2: (29) In the following, let us abbreviate g(i, j)simply as g. ag(i,j) is same as ag ,and ßg(i,j) is same as ßg .From (24) and (27), focussing on just the operations on l-th ele-Subtracting (32) from (31), we get ments, we obtain m vil[t]= ak vkl[t - 1] k=1 = ag vgl[t - 1] + (1 - ag)Ol[t - 1] (30) because vkl[t - 1] = Ol[t - 1], .k = .
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: AspectJ re­quires that an after advice end its execution in the same way as the join point to which it is associated.
Sentence 2: if the code of an after advice is executed following the rais­ing of an exception, the runtime system of AspectJ assumes that the advice ends its execution by raising an exception (either the original or a new one), even if that does not hap­pen explicitly.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The new semantics will reject some programs that would previously execute in the old semantics, and it changes the meaning of some programs, particularly those that make use of other dynamic features such as eval and assignin .
Sentence 2: to properly understand the meaning of a MATLAB program, and to correctly implement compilers for modern versions of MATLAB such as MATLAB 7, it is im­portant to have a clear de.nition and implementation of kind analysis.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: That is, start(a) + i * I I = end(b) + (i + d) * I I or end(a) + i * I I = start(b) + (i + d) * I I where start(o) and end(o) are the start and end time of lifetime o(0), for o = a, b.
Sentence 2: lstart(a) - end(b) J = d I I or .end(a) - start(b) I I l = d 1In this paper, d is always 0.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However, it turns out that only the rules for value let s do the letd marking just as they did in WL and the rules for non-value let s are responsible for the de.nien type limitation as they were in W.V.
Sentence 2: for value let s, the let depth is incremented only while inside the de.nien ([lv-letv­def])anditis decremented oncewe startthebody([lv-letv-body]) just as it is in WL.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the experiments, the blocks in each .le are accessed in the same order by grep and diff, though .les are accessed in different orders.
Sentence 2: to some degree, the sequences detected during grep warming up OS buffer can help reducing the cache pollution incurred the .le-intensive applications loading the data set into OS buffer, and the names outside of brackets indicate the .le­intensive applications co-running with VM-intensive appli­cations.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Consider a PME for the operation, C = AAT + C ,given below: ( ) T + * CTL =ATAT CTL T + B + CBL =ABAT CBL CBR =ABAT CBR Notice that in order to compute CTL,onlydata from CTL and AT are needed.
Sentence 2: we can conclude that CTL does not depend on any other submatrices of C being com­puted .rst.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Speci.cally, we evict the elements that are used less than M times during the iterations between Ifk and Ifk+1, where M (M< N)is the SPM eviction threshold.
Sentence 2: the set of elements that can be evicted is: o Evict(k)=Sk -RA(X, M, Iok, Ik+1).
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The BNB algorithm requires a single metric to determine whether Hardware Cost Modeler a given schedule is better or worse than previously explored sched­ules.
Sentence 2: when the objective is to decrease overall hardware Figure 5: Cost sensitive scheduling framework used for greedy cost, the combined metric used is the sum of wires, storage bits, and and branch-and-bound schedulers.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Also, we believe thatbybuildinga jitter-eliminating scheduler on a real-time supported platform, jit­ter can be reduced until the system control is no longer affected.
Sentence 2: we complement the works such as [6, 1] by adding timed semantics to the system model, and use this addition to reduce the jitter as observed in the environment.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In our example, supposing that we can ask the model for all the inheritance de.nitions between the classes in the model, and that each inheritance is represented as an object, the addition of the edges is illustrated in the example below:  Like in the case of the nodes, when specifying the shape, we made reference to methods that are de.ned in the inheritance object.
Sentence 2: given an inheritance object, we will create an edge between the node holding the superclass and the node holding the subclass.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: By the monotonicity SLPP , the strongest postcondition that holds for P under any possible precondition, is SLPP (.).
Sentence 2: note that, equivalently, this unique strongest postcondition is the meet over all true postconditions: n {.post |..pre..pre =.P .post} in particular, postcondition SLPP (.)
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since most functions of NVRAM (e.g., non-volatile write cache during both high and low utilizations) can be satis.ed by the .ash cache, cost-effective stor­age designs may reduce the size of NVRAM signi.cantly (e.g., by 10X).
Sentence 2: we use only a small amount of NVRAM in our design mainly as a staging area to reduce wasteful .ash writes.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: These operations not only change simple content objects of the underlying web application but also add and modify relations between objects and extend the user interface by creating new pages that can be navigated to.
Sentence 2: present-day web applications have to provide at least operations for  adding content objects or new relationships between content objects,  altering existing content objects or existing relationships between content objects,  deleting existing content objects or existing relationships between content objects,  filtering and sorting content objects according to specified criteria.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The basic background for .le processing (primitive data representation, disk and .le system architecture, memory hierarchy, caching and bu.er­ing) does appear in the CC 2001 body of knowledge, but is scattered among di.erent content subcategories and much of the most fundamental material does not appear in any of the suggested required courses.
Sentence 2: it seems likely that in the future, students will receive even less instruction in these topics than they do now.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Whilemanyofthesemodelsshowagreatdealofommon­alitywhihmaydenotethattheareaofmeasuringsavings ismaturing,thereisstilllessattentiongiventoanalyzing reusabilityduringsystemdesignanddevelopmentinorder toproduereusableproduts.
Sentence 2: 0urefortsbuilduponMartin's[7,8]workonlayeringand ouplingredution.Inpartiular,Martin'sDependenyIn­versionPriniplestatesthatmodulesthatimplementahigh levelpoliyshouldnotdependonthemodulesthatimple­mentthelowlevelpoliies,butrather,theyshoulddepend onsomewell­defnedinterfaes.Martin'sefortsseektoen­surethatanarhitetureontainasmanystableabstra­tionsaspossible,withsuhabstrationsisolatedfromthe onesthataremorelikelytohange.0urefortsenteron analyzingobjet­orientedodestruturetodeterminetheir reusability,andprovidingasetofrefatoringstoimprove reusability.Inutilizingourapproahtoreuseharateriza­tion,thesoftwaredesignermusthaveasolidunderstanding oftheappliationdomainandofthekindsofsystemsthat aretobebuiltinthefuture.thedeterminationof relatedhierarhiesisnotonlydomainspeif,butalsoor­ganizationspeif.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Each scope can be entered by many schedulable objects which allocate objects inside the scope and objects created in scoped memory areas cannot be de-allocated individually - the whole scope is de-allocated when no active threads run inside that scope [3].
Sentence 2: defining similar object lifetimes and assign-ing them into associated scoped memory areas is important for saving memory space and reducing the number of dead objects waiting for all objects in the same scope to die.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the web application, once the request for the page with two frames is sent to the server, the display is considered unstable until both frames are active, or the two frames are canceled and replaced by another page in the browser window.
Sentence 2: the stable states of the model are (s0,u0,v0), (s1,u1,v1), (s1,u2,v1), and (s2,u0,v0), while the remaining states are transient (unstable).
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since the branch in Y is backwards, any following RISA entries will be executed only when the branch is taken.
Sentence 2: we can move instructions 1 and 2 (along with its parameter 2 ) into both the loop preheader (a, b, c) and the tail of the loop (d, e, f), as shown in Figure 10B.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Also, since we focus on large scienti.c programs that consist of multiple loop nests, it is possi­ble that the determined disk speed for a particular array in one loop nest may not be appropriate for another loop nest that manipulates the same array (by accessing the same set of disks).
Sentence 2: selecting prefetching distance and disk speeds depends on the disk layout of data as well as the data access patterns exhibited by the application code being optimized.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Then, in order to allow a more e.cient process, concurrent development is controlled in an optimistic way; each developer has a local workspace on which her/him performs modi.cations that later on are committed to the repository in order to update the current version and advertise it to the other develop­ers.
Sentence 2: locking mechanisms can be avoided (even if still allowed when necessary), while the eventuality of con­.icts is left open.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Application code is enhanced to be able to interact with a framework, and the enhancements cannot be simply turned off to facilitate de­bugging.
Sentence 2: tracing, analyzing, and .xing .awed pro­grams whose bytecode has been enhanced with a standard debugger is misleading the debugger will show all the en­hanced program s code faithfully, both the original logic and the transparently introduced enhancements.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Recall that command queuing reorders the outstanding requests to minimize disk head seek movement using a Shortest Seek First (SSF) [15] like sched­uler.
Sentence 2: if we continuously .ll the device queue and the incom­ing requests are for sectors closer to the current head position, then requests that require larger seeks or rotations will be delayed indef­initely.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We opt not to focus on Byzantine writers because they can always obliterate the storage by constantly overwriting data with garbage, even in spite of (expensive) techniques that ensure that each individual write leaves a consistent state (e.g., [10, 19, 22, 31].
Sentence 2: with Byzantine writ­ ers and asynchronous message schedule, the adversary can make a correct reader return arbitrary data at will.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: By part (2) of the hypothesis, all input tokens at sare the ' same in the executions of P and Q.
Sentence 2: sperforms ' exactly the same computation in both: if sis an I/O spec, it puts exactly the same data tokens on its output ports; if it is a test, it transfers the control token to the same side (and in languages where tests can also have data output, computes the same values for them); if it is a join, it produces the same values for the common outputs.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Finally, the execution of the application family is coor­dinated via an orchestration strategy that will involve com­plex state synchronization across the variants.
Sentence 2: three research challenges of speculative execution are: (1) gener­ating large application families automatically; (2) managing the resources allocated to an application family; and (3) co­ordinating the execution of an application family.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In Figure 4(b), on the 32-core AMD, although incurring max power consumption has resulted in signi.cantly better performance by employing a larger num­ber of threads, the performance di.erence is insigni.cant for a number of benchmarks (e.g., 20, 24, 27, 29), and min aver­age power has resulted in the best performance for 2 of the benchmarks (30, 31).
Sentence 2: when the inherit amount of concurrency within an application is limited, there seems to be little direct cor­relation between the performance levels attained and the power consumptions incurred by application-level optimiza­tions.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: An example for the second case is that one MM comprises an EAttribute amount encoding pricing information in Dollar, whereas the other MM also exhibits an EAttribute amount but encoding the pricing in­formation in Euro.
Sentence 2: semantic heterogeneities can not be derived from the syntax (since in both cases the MMs can be represented syntactically equal) but only by incor­porating interpretation, i.e., an assignment of a meaning to each piece of data [8].
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: It also works with software which employs self-modifying code and other malware techniques to defend against vir­tual machines, debuggers and code instrumentation such as 2 9  Figure 4: DLL dependency graph of wget without grouping Skype.
Sentence 2: it can handle many more cases than with a more detailed instruction instrumentation or interpretation approach, as is done with PIN below.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: From this perspective, developing scientific understandings and explanations is not simply a matter of stringing together the logical entailments of information; rather, it involves struggling with posing questions, arranging conditions for seeing, developing measures, structuring data, and understanding the entailments of that data.
Sentence 2: in order to integrate programming in K12 science classrooms, we need to rethink the design of programming languages and modeling platforms such that the essential components of the learning environment i.e., the programming primitives, software scaffolds, learning activities and teacher-led scaffolding are designed in order to support not just the learning of programming or scientific concepts, but also the learning of representational practices that are central to the science domain.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In particular, we see that thread 18 on HEC 1 attempts to wait on its socket (the dashed, gray bar), but fails due to the callback table variable already being taken, in this case by thread 2, which is the dispatcher thread of the GHC IO manager.
Sentence 2: thread 18 enqueues itself on the callback table variable wait queue and is removed from the run queue, after which HEC 1 becomes idle.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As was argued by Cataldo and colleagues [6], the number of past modi.cations incorporates many factors that a.ect quality because .les that are more complex, less well designed, have logical or other dependencies, or are more fault prone for other reasons, are more likely to be modi.ed.
Sentence 2: even though past changes can predict fault proneness [10, 17], including past changes in the model may make it im­possible to separate individual contributions made by code, developer, or organizational factors.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since we are at a JET point and no more answers for the pruned tables are currently needed, choice points in the scope of the pruning operator must be taken out of the CP stack so that we avoid exploring these alternatives unnecessarily.
Sentence 2: the JET action is to run through the choice point stack from its top to the choice point associated with the JET point (the test generator in this case), and preserve through copying choice points of computations originating from incomplete tables that are JET pruned.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Automatic generation of code that implements the semanticsofamodelisusefulindifferentcontexts:thecodecan be usedfor simulation;butit canalsobe embeddedina real-time digital control system(X-by-wire).Infact, usagesof the latter type are increasingly adopted by the industry.
Sentence 2: these tools can be seen as programming languages, debuggers and compilers for the embedded software domain.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Others authors have argued the paucity of valid accom- panying information, often reduced to just the component 0-7695-1877-X/03 $17.00 &#38;#169; 2003 IEEE 221 interfaces, which anyhow provide syntactic information, in- sufficient for many analysis purposes.
Sentence 2: they [18] [20] suggest approaches to augment the components with additional information (or metadata) aimed at increasing the customer understanding and analysis capability of the com- ponent behaviour.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Mathematically the cost of an experiment is a function of the module s complex­ity.
Sentence 2:  If N represents the total complexity of a system, then ni, the complexity of the ith module would be given as, mi/N , where mi is the ith module s contribution to N. (Zi) is the visibility cost, the cost to replace the ith module.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (6) From (5), (6) and the induction hypothesis, we have e sp)[i])e sp)[i ' ])+1 t(t(p=t(t(pe sp)[i ' ]))+1 :s(ß(t(pe sp)[i])) :s(ß(t(p .
Sentence 2: we have e sp)[k]):s(ß(t(pe sp)[k])) t(t(p =dpd where k is the largest integer such that t(pe sp)[k]is an effective node instance.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 4.1 Landmarks &#38; Components Studyinhumanvisionsystem[6]showsthathumansfnd itnaturaltodesribepatternsbasedontheiranhorpoints.
Sentence 2: intheirproposalofanewmodelforpatternmathingin time­seriesdatabases[17],Perngetal.alltheseanhor pointslandmarks,andshowthattheyareruialforefe­tivepatternmathing.Wefollowthesameterminologyfor theanhorpointsofahartpattern/patterninstane.Fur­thermore,weoftenuselandmarkstodefneonstraintsof omplexpatterns.Landmarksarereferredtobytheirpo­sitionsinthepriehistory,i.e.,thevaluesoftypeBarin CPL.anuppatterninstanehastwolandmarks:the startandendpointsoftheinstaneandsohavetheother primitive"line"patterns:down,horizontal,resistaneand supportlines.Ontheotherhand,abarpatterninstane hasjustonelandmark,indiatingthetimewhenthebar ours.Wewilldesribethelandmarksofomplexpattern instaneswhenwedisusspatternomposition.InCPL,we haveabuilt­infuntionlms::Patt-[Bar],thattakesin apatterninstaneandreturnsitslistoflandmarks.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This ensures that at least  1 non­faulty replicas can vouch for the authenticity of every view-change message whose digest is in .
Sentence 2: if the original sender of a view-change is uncooperative, the primary retransmits that sender s view-change message and the non-faulty backups retransmit their view-change­acks.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The ways in which these proactive activities are to be initiated and the ways in which their results are to be presented to participants will undoubtedly have an impact upon the acceptance of process guidance.
Sentence 2: these issues need to be studied in cooperation with experts in dealing with human behavior, perhaps drawing upon research in such areas as human factors, human computer interface design, industrial engineering, and psychology.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Therefore, to obtain comparable bene.ts from compiler-directed prefetching in single core as well as multiple core environments, we need to mod­ify the multi-core version to make it aware of data sharings across processor cores, as shownin thispaper.Itis tobe noted that scien­ti.c applications and embedded image/video codes are maybe the .rst set of applications that cantake advantage offuture many-core architectures due to inherent parallelism they contain.
Sentence 2: it is important to enhance their CMP performance using compiler techniques that are scalable, and our scheme is an effortin thisdi­rection.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The reason is that, in general, polling at this level will occupy too much CPU time on the client (the database server) and can only be used in collaboration with the application.
Sentence 2: besides the typical message packaging overhead and wire latency, the VI numbers shown in Figure 3 also include reg- istration/deregistration cost (5--10 microseconds each) and interrupt cost on the client (5-10 microseconds).
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Bubbles can be placed within this view, but when extra space is needed, the view can be panned in 2-D by right-clicking and dragging on the back­ground to reveal additional space (accelerated by a gain factor of 1.5).
Sentence 2: rather than deciding to close bubbles to make room, we expect users may choose to work left to right as they add new bubbles and pan or push older bub­bles off screen to the left.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since we disjunct disjunctions of linear inequalities derived for E1 and E2, the derived constraint for E1 nE2 is a disjunction of linear inequalities.
Sentence 2: derivation of a constraint from E1 nE2 (among other ordinary event orders) does not destruct the conjunction-of-disjunctions structure of the .nal constraint.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Indeed, the elements of the domain(free) occurrences of a in the subtree rooted at this node, whose po­of f are levels, and the maximum level, which is bounded by thesitions have been determined during the .rst pass, and recorded as depth of the tree, can easily be computed ahead of time.
Sentence 2: p. before moving on to the current node s children, we update F with the mapping (p .b), which stands for {(p .b)/p .
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The @-translations were extended to add a prime, as in [1..n, 2..n] A := A + A'@west; The prime at indicates that the referenced elements refer to the updated values from earlier iterations in the evaluation of this statement.
Sentence 2: in the illustrated statement, the first column of A would be unchanged (note region), the second column would be the sum of the first two, the third would be the sum of the first three, because it combines the third column (A) and the newly updated second column A'@west, etc.
Relationship: reasoning