sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Branch instructions used to perform this check can be leveraged to check if a use is safe or not.
Sentence 2: in addition to log the operations described in Figure 3, we also log the following branch instructions that test on object pointers: if-eqz (jump if a pointer is null), if-nez (jump if a pointer is not null), and if-eq (jump if two pointers are equal).
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Due to the second failure, we should allow certain exceptions to this rule; when the new process executing the Inc-Get-Dir procedure belongs to the current session recorded in S. Especially, in that scenario, things go wrong when (1) Qis currently empty, (2) S =(s,d), and (3) In[s]= d. When all the three conditions hold, the system is in an ambiguous stage, in the sense that the current session may or may not be about to change.
Sentence 2: in this case, the new process of s executing Inc-Get-Dir should use extra information when deciding the side it is to join instead of only looking at the variable In[s].
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Usually, multiple (I,T )pairs exist for a speci.c D target but the framework chooses the pair that maximizes the overall amount of time in power savings S. The algorithm is based on two facts: (1) only idle inter­vals longer than I would be utilized for power saving, and (2) only busy periods that succeed idle intervals of length between I and I + T aretobedelayeddue to powersaving modes.
Sentence 2: an important measure for the algo­rithm is E that corresponds to the probability of an idle interval shorter than I + T but longer than I, see Figure 1.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The important implication of our observations is that it is not clear that any current or future .xed standard with these goals would be .exible enough: The same factors and ad­hoc needs will likely lead designers to improvise around its restrictions as well.
Sentence 2: instead of trying to improve col­laborative OOD by attempting to .nd a perfect formalism, perhaps an investment in tools that are independent of spe­ci.c notations may be more rewarding.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: That input value could either be equal to : or not, except for input[n] which we assumed to be zero.
Sentence 2: for the whole program P composed of the two functions top and locate,there are 3n-1 possible execution paths: n executions terminate after the then branch of line 14, n executions terminate after the then branch of line 15, and n -1 executions terminate in line 16.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To reduce this overhead even further, we take advantage of the fact that when a .xed-size block has been fully allocated, the coalesce tag contains norealinformation and canbeeasily recreated(since nofree regions existin theblock, allbitsin the coalesce tag are set to zero).
Sentence 2: the .nal region to be allocated within a .xed­sized block can overwrite the coalesce block, recovering the space usedby the coalesce tag.When a regionisfreedfrom apreviously fully allocated .xed-size block, the coalesce tag can be recreated and stored in the newly freed region.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.5 Determine the Computations to be Of.oaded As shown in [27], a class that has more bytecode instructions is usually the one that costs more computing resources to run, e.g., CPU and memory.
Sentence 2: dPartner calculates the instruction numbers of each movable app class to .nd the top n (e.g., n=3) computation intensive classes.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Thesede.ciencies are correctedinCS-MNSandour analysis does not suggest any upward limit on network size.
Sentence 2: since CS-MNSshares a compatiblebeaconformat withTSF, the whatever the true network topology, for analysis the topology canbeconsidered tohavea single reference node that cantransmitto many nodesbut cannot receive.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since NP = coNP is an important and long outstanding open problem, it is unlikely that a SAT solver, an e.cient solving technique for NP-complete problems, can be used as the main part of the solution for the problem of .nding prime implicants of a DNF formula, or equivalently computing prime implicates of a CNF.
Sentence 2: we will seek other techniques for .nding or-groups in a CNF formula.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The re­sulting systems can perform quite general tasks at scale, but o.er a low-level programming interface: even common operations such as database Join require a sophisticated un­derstanding of manual optimizations on the part of the pro­grammer.
Sentence 2: layers such as Pig Latin [20] and HIVE [1] have been developed on top of Hadoop, o.ering a SQL-like programming interface that simpli.es common data-processing tasks.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: While con­siderable effort is spent trying to eliminate such problems before deployment or at run-time [9, 14, 38, 48], the size and complexity of modern systems combined with real time and budgetary con­straints on developers have made it increasingly dif.cult to deliver bullet-proof software to end-users.
Sentence 2: many software failures still occur in .elded systems providing production services.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since this is a non-zero constant, dividing the suspiciousness assigned to each statement by it results in no change to the relative order of the statements, i.e., the ranking.
Sentence 2: equation (17) can be equivalently written as: susp s + () () =failedCovered s () passedNotCovered s (18) Since in the context of fault localization, Rogers and Tanimoto has been shown equivalent to Simple-Matching, and since Simple-Matching can be equivalently represented by Equation (18), it follows that Rogers and Tanimoto can also be represented by Equation (18).
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Our refactoring framework starts by finding upfront the list of best refactoring solutions that represents a good trade-off between improving software quality which corresponds to minimizing the number of code-smells and improving QMOOD (Quality Model for Object-Oriented Design) quality metrics [10]; minimizing the size of the refactoring solutions (number of refactorings) and maximizing/preserving the semantic coherence of the design.
Sentence 2: we use a multi-objective optimization algorithm, NSGA-II, to compute this optimal sequence of refactorings based on our previous work [4].
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: At all levels in the MRNet tree, we use a common representation for the stack traces that have been collected and aggregated.
Sentence 2: all bit vectors used to indicate task sets (e.g., for for the call graph pre.x tree edge labels) are sized to .t all tasks of the entire application, even though only a subset of the bits are relevant for a given daemon or MRNet communication process.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since C2 and C3 differ from C1 in having the composite objectives, MQ was removed from C2 and EVM was removed from C3 before PFC2 and PFC3 were joined to PFC1.
Sentence 2: the best front for an instance was always described by four objectives: cohesion, coupling, difference, and number of clusters.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 4.2 Protocol As intimated in the introduction to this section, our pro- tocol takes advantage of the fact that an application running on a reference host specifies the context over which it would like to operate, but the application does not need to know the identities of the other hosts in this context.
Sentence 2: the context computation can operate in a purely distributed fashion, where responses to data queries are simply sent back along the path from whence they came.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The implemented strategy that is based on device types (DTStrategy) assigns weights wDT according to the type of the device.
Sentence 2: we de.ned the device types infrastructure for devices like desktop PCs, notebooks, or servers (wDT =1.0), mobile for smart phones and PDAs (wDT =0.5), and cellular for sim­ple cellular phones (wDT =0.0).
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Hypothesis 2 is derived from the observation that the ex­istence of unrelated traces may negate the e.ect of learning via generalization; ie., they can lead to over-generalization.
Sentence 2: by clustering related traces and performing learn­ing on each cluster, the e.ect of inaccuracies in learning can be localized to within a cluster.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Furthermore, when the head or body is ma­nipulated and the arms are left unconstrained, the arms rotate in a natural way to follow the body movement.
Sentence 2: features are pre­servedatawiderangeof scales.Inthisexample,afullbodyposeis sculptedusingagraphof226 nodes.Thetailis lifted, arms crossed, left leg moved forward, and head rotated to look backward.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Composition is de.ned by the UML2 infrastructure speci.cation [17] as A form of aggregation which requires that a part instance be included in at most one composite at a time, and that the composite object is responsible for the creation and destruction of the parts.
Sentence 2: when a model element is changed, all model elements that are connected as parts of a composition relationship are considered impacted.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Table 1: Control Parameters for Sensitivity Exper­iment Input parameter Range Step Initial Novice Workforce Initial Experienced Workforce Scheduled Completion Time [0-10] [2-10] [45-80] 1 1 5  Under the System Dynamics simulation approach, all sys­tems, no matter how complex, consist of networks of feed­back loops, and all dynamics arise from the interaction of these loops with one another.
Sentence 2: much of the work when building a System Dynamics model is discovering and representing the feedback loops, which along with stock and .ow structures, time delays, and nonlinearities, determine the dynamics of a system.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: With more bits being stored in a .ash cell and smaller feature size of .ash cells, the maximum number of erasures tolerable by each block further decreases, for example, to several thousands or even several hundreds for the lat­est 3-bits MLC SSDs [23].
Sentence 2: to maintain high durability, an­other design requirement of SSDs is to maximize wear-leveling in GC, such that all blocks should have similar numbers of erasures over time so as to avoid any hot blocks being worn out soon.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In[20], wegiveaconstructivesuf.cient condition ensuring that the controller computed for H is indeed a quantized controller for H. 2.4.1 Symbolic Controller Synthesis Control abstractions for bounded DTLHSs are .niteLTSs.For example, a typical quantization is the uniform quantization which consists in dividing the domain of each state variable x into 2bx equal intervals, where bx is the number of bits used by AD conver­sion.
Sentence 2: the abstraction of a DTLHS induced by a uniform quantization has 2B states, where B = .
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Our background subtraction approach is based on building a model of the colors seen in the neighborhood around each pixel and then computing the difference between each new pixel value and the historical model for that pixel s neighborhood.
Sentence 2: the algorithm must maintain state for each pixelin the image (its model) and traverse each input image, comparing each new pixel against the model, and updating the model based on the values of surrounding pixels.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Finally, the PCE of Buffer aspect failed to capture stream operation of the new components: MusicPlayer and VideoPlayer.
Sentence 2: the reason for the occurrence of the pointcut fragility problem for the MobilePhoto developed without the CM in Sc2 was the same as that of the Sc1, the string patterns used to describe the join points in the defined PCEs were not prepared to handle the new components.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Although in the analysis presented in [22] there were two independent variables: kind of diagram (class/non­stereotyped collaboration/stereotyped collaboration) and reading technique (CBR/PBR/Ad-hoc) the number of data points did not allow to use appropriate statistical methods (one-way ANOVA) for analysis.
Sentence 2: in this paper, we do not regard different reading techniques as an independent variable.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the first scenario (see Figure 1a), the managed service is provided with both Event Captor(s) and a local Monitor and has, therefore, both event reporting and SLA checking capabilities.
Sentence 2: when it receives an SLA, SLAM4M checks if each guarantee term in it can be monitored locally, according to the capabilities exposed by the Event Captor and the Monitor.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Consider the new operator l1(append, [], [ -2 s1 .. -1 s2 [ )(if !f then [Ref] else []) 1in Example 5.
Sentence 2: since abs instant(1 , s2, 4) = 3, the interval partition is {[0,0]; [1,1]; [2,2]; [3,3] }at instant 4.z is 4, l is 3 and r is 1.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: At this point, the assignment-based scheme faces a problem, be­cause it can neither instrument D or C. Vertex D is shared in both paths and any instrumentation of D in the future will overwrite the value of m1.
Sentence 2: it will decrease the sampling period again to .t =3 as the current paths p1 and p2 will become indistinguish­able again.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: thiswouldbetomovemethodmfromlassG2toitsSpe­iflassS2.AsshowninFigure9(b),theundesirable ouplingfrommmaynowbeevaluatedasanaeptable ouplingofType7.However,thatmoveintroduedatleast onenewundesirableoupling,fromlassGltomethodm.
Sentence 2: thisouplingusedtobeadesirableType1oupling,but sinethedestinationmethodwasmovedtoaSpeiflass, itnowbeomesanundesirableType3oupling.itis importanttolookbeyondthesoureanddestinationlasses tolearlydetermineotherlassesandouplingsthatmay beimpated.Thissetionexpandsthesuggestedationsin Table1toinludeotheroptionsandshowshowtoompute thenumberofundesirableouplingsthatwillbeintrodued.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the time it takes for a NOX program to generate and install a rule to suppress packets 2, 3, 4 with the same source MAC, those packets might already have arrived at the switch, be en route to the controller and be about to be processed by the handler.
Sentence 2: the NOX programmer will have to remember to implement complex, error-prone bookkeeping if she wants to get it right.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Now, the focus is on the organizational side of 490 interoperability; however there is one more concern: the capability to effectively communicate information implies the capability to integrate semantic heterogeneous data, raising issues of integrating semantically equivalent concepts (different models use different terms to refer to the same concept), distinguishing semantically unrelated concepts (the same term may be used to denote completely different concepts), etc.
Sentence 2: interoperability encompasses three different aspects: o Technical concerning issues like linking computer systems, defining open interfaces, data formats and protocols; o Semantic -ensuring that the precise meaning of exchanged information is understandable by any application involved;  o Organizational -dealing with modeling institutional processes, aligning information architectures with organizational goals, and helping processes to co-operate.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The imbalance ratio, using the above method, is 6771 which de.nitely does not represent the true picture because the distribution of instances of other classes is relatively uniform.
Sentence 2: we use following de.nition of imbalance ratio Ir to cater for proportion of all class distributions: Nc Nc - 1 IiIr = (1) Nc In - Ii i=1 where Ir is in the range (1 = Ir < 8) and Ir = 1 is a completely balanced dataset having equal instances of all classes.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We also know that there exists a strong path p from A to B in Ni-1 such that p does not contain nodes from (B1 {A, B}) and furthermore every occurrence of a node from (F1 {A, B})in p is after the last occurrence of a node from (B2 {A, B}).
Sentence 2: we know that there exists a semi-strong path q from A to B such that the strong path from V to A is honest if the .rst set in Ais corrupt and is fail­stop corrupted if the second set in A is corrupt.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: When doctors require patient s information, their client application DoctorApp sends a re­quest to the Dispatcher that manages the communication towards the database.
Sentence 2: patient s medical his­tory and disease data are retrieved by the DB-data storage resource, and if the battery of the doctor s PDA has a high charge level (regulated by a probability set to 0.75 in our case study) then the client application is noti.ed by addi­tionally sending x-rays and disease images retrieved by the DB-images storage resource.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Although using C--as an intermediate language is technically a very promising approach, it comes with a huge practical problem: it is only worthwhile to develop a portable compiler backend if it is used by many compilers, but compiler writers do not want to commit to a backend technology unless they know it is widely used and supported.
Sentence 2: a variant of C--is currently used as a low-level intermediate language in GHC, but there is no useful general-purpose backend based on C--that GHC could target.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The main issues are the .exible association between delta modules and features (provided by the when clauses) and the class/method/­.eld removal operations that are not supported in FOP.
Sentence 2: we develop a compositional type system for delta-oriented prod­uct lines that satis.es the design requirements illustrated above and relies on an abstract interpretation of product generation.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (e .# "layerY") world = ( (jsValToInt x, jsValToInt y ) , world) onMouseDown :: PaintEventHnd onMouseDown e state world # (coordinates, world) = getCoordinates e world = ({state &#38; currentOrigin = Just coordinates}, NoEdit, world) The actual drawing happens when the mouse is moved while the mouse button is pressed.
Sentence 2: in the onMouseMove event handler function, .rst the presence of the currentOrigin coordinates must be checked: onMouseMove :: PaintEventHnd onMouseMove e state world = case state.currentOrigin of Just coordinates = onDrawing coordinates e state world Nothing = (state, NoEdit, world) If they are set, then using these coordinates and the current coordi­nates of the mouse, along with the current color and tool, we can create a shape to draw it to the temporary canvas (which is cleared before that).
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: REACT simply forwards information from either sensor as soonasitis received,and schedulesthe remainingactorsona data­dependent basis.
Sentence 2: our basic observation is that, in the absence of model-based reasoning as in the PTIDES model, the scheduler has no good basis for deciding when to do the actuation, other than as soonas possible (asinREACT)orata.xedtime(asinTT).the two alternatives more or less bracket the possibilities.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: An analogous analysis can be performed for the counter­clockwise direction, i.e., considering values of the form C(i + 1, i), corresponding to traversal of the arc from vi+1 to vi.
Sentence 2: denoting Ccc = min0=i=k C(i + 1, i), we have for any i:  C(i + 1, i) = Ccc + 2k2 .
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In short, given s, produce a kind of template t = [0 .. n ] of the same length, together with an association g between integer values in that template and the corresponding values in s. Then apply get to t and produce a further association h by matching this template view versus the updated proper value view v '.
Sentence 2: combine the two associations into a single one h ', giving precedence to h whenever an integer template index is found in both h and g. it is guaranteed that we will only resort to values from the original source s when the corresponding position did not make it into the view, and thus there is no way it could have been affected by the update.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 5.3.2 MPlayer Setup Enjoyment of multimedia playback relies on good interrupt service latency and low jitter.
Sentence 2: we chose a video playback benchmark as another stress test of working set restore; any slowdown during  250000 250000 200000 200000 150000 Guest Physical Page Number Guest Physical Page Number 150000 On-demand Prefetch 100000 50000 On-demand 100000 50000 0 0 0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150 Elapsed Time (seconds) Elapsed Time (seconds) Figure 3.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In order to provide a MOps kernel, i.e., a minimal set of required MOps to overcome structural hetero­geneities in-the-small, we systematically combined the core concepts of semantic data models, being (i) classes, (ii) at­tributes, and (iii) references with di.erent mapping cardinal­ities, thereby complementing the work of Legler and Nau­mann [13] focusing on attributes only.
Sentence 2: mOps are provided for the basic tasks of a model transformation, being (i) copying, (ii) merging and (iii) generating2 .
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Models and MDE techniques (especially metamodeling and model transformations) can play a fundamental role for fully accomplishing these tasks.
Sentence 2: models can become cornerstone elements for enabling and achieving interoperability between all kinds of systems and artifacts, including data sets (under the presence of different data schemata, and possibly at different levels of abstraction), services (despite their differences in data representation, access protocols and underlying technological platforms), event systems (with different complex types and origins), languages (that use different notations and may have different semantics), tools (with different data formats and semantic representations), technological platforms (with different notations, tools and semantics), etc.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Our instrumentation introduces a small constant blowup in the control-.ow graph of the concurrent program and adds a small constant number of global variables.
Sentence 2: the com­plexity of using KISS on a concurrent program of a certain size is about the same as using a standard interprocedural data.ow analysis or model checking on a sequential program of the same size.
Relationship: reasoning