sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For instance, con­sider the following simple, left recursive, expression grammar: term ::= factor | term + factor factor ::= atom | factor * atom atom ::= number | ( term ) We can de.ne a parser which accepts strings from this grammar, and also computes the values of the resulting expressions, as fol­lows (the combinators are described in Section 4): mutual term = factor | .
Sentence 2: the right choices are a bit more involved than in Section 3.3.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: When a client inserts an element into the queue by creat­ing a sub node of /queue (L. C5), the request is forwarded to the queue extension, which in turn processes it without any modi.cations (L. E5); that is, the extension creates the sub node as a regular node.
Sentence 2: our extendable coordination service o.ers applications the .exibility to customize the service using a composition of extensions operating on nodes, watches, and sessions.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: After that, we apply Algorithm ROUNDING or E-ROUNDING to assign tasks in T. For tasks assigned onto a proces­sor type Mj , the energy constraint of these tasks on the processor type is the sum of the energy consumption of these tasks.
Sentence 2: {0,1},.ti .T,.Mj .M,.i,j =C=Kj.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Traditional solu­tions based on event systems and the Observer pattern have a num­ber of inconveniences, but programmers bear them in return for the bene.ts of OO design.
Sentence 2: unfortunately, modularization of update code is hard to achieve in the OO style, because dependencies must be imperatively up­dated every time an input value is changed which can occur in several places of the application.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Each node v has a potential upload neighbor set, denoted by Nvp, which it can choose to upload to.
Sentence 2: in BitTorrent, a peer periodically chokes its upload to an active peer with topology update optimum 3500 3000 0 200 400 600 800 1000 time slot Figure1: System utility with and without topologybuilding.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 1 Such extensions sometimes have been requested in the AspectJ s mail­ing list: http://dev.eclipse.org/mhonarc/lists/aspectj-dev/ msg01653.html 2 http://www.springframework.org/ 3 Also available in a recent version of the ajc AspectJ compiler as an undocumented feature.
Sentence 2: this can be considered as an extension to wildcard-based type patterns in AspectJ, and could be useful for specifying names in more rigorous ways.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However, an earlier use of X (the X-Y edge in Figure 8(a)) needs to be assigned some volume without waiting for the later unknown use.
Sentence 2: assays written in AIS are very similar to conventional computer assembly programs, where fluids correspond to variables, and operations such as mix, incubate, sep­arate and sense manipulate existing fluids to generate new fluids.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Q, Alias(q, StQ) denotes the set of aliases of q in a program P rogQ resulting from Prog where each assignment statement not in StQ is replaced by a skip statement and all conditional statements of P rog are treated as evaluating to true.
Sentence 2: we propose a framework for improving both the scalability aswell as the accuracy of pointer alias analysis, irrespective of its.ow or context-sensitivities, by leveraging a combination of divide and conquer, parallelization and function summarization.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [18]N.RamseyandM.Fernandez.TheNewJersey Mahine­CodeToolkit.InUsenixTehnial Conferene,NewOrleans,USA,1995.
Sentence 2: thisproblemisnon­trivial,butwedonotexpetittoour withmahinespeifationsanyway,sowedidnottryto implementawayofdisambiguation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In summary, the steps to identify free memory pages in a Linux-based guest VM are (1) Searches the header of Linux guest real-mode kernel image for the magic string HdrS , then extracts the kernel version in­formation, and uses the kernel version information to either re­trieve the corresponding free page check program if it exists, or dynamically composes the corresponding free page check program based on the kernel version s source code and con.g­uration .le, (2) Extracts from the System.map .le associated with the guest kernel s version the location of the memory map, and (3) Traverses every page descriptor in the memory map by calling the free page check program to determine if each traversed page is a Buddy page.
Sentence 2: this work did not address the issue of how to programmatically extract the free memory map information from different versions and con.gurations of Linux kernels.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Thus, in order to obtain the maximum improvement in complexity, we will collapse along the entire space of RE nker(fp).Ifthe complexity of an application of .is the same as the application of .then such a transformation would result in a decrease in the polynomial complexity by #(RE nker(fp)) (m, say) in its degree.
Sentence 2: the problem of simplifying reductions exhibits optimal sub­structure such that the optimal solution to the problem contains within it, optimal solutions to subproblems.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.3 [Programming Lan­ guages]: Language Constructs and Features  Dynamic storage management.
Sentence 2: dDmalloc demonstrated much better scalability with increased numbers of cores compared to the region-based allocator, and hence it achieved the best performance among the three allocators when using eight cores on both platforms, as shown in Figure 5.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The constructs include a notion of abstract drone used as a single entry-point to the functionality of the en­tire team, and variables enriched with spatial semantics.
Sentence 2: 7.5, we evaluate the cost of using VO LT RO N in terms of system over­head in a large-scale emulated environment, and demonstrate that it does not appreciably impact the overall scalability.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If this implied scenario is considered to represent undesirable system behaviour, it could be avoided by extending the interface between the Heater and Control component with an explicit confirmation from the Heater that everything is ready for a successful toasting scenario.
Sentence 2: an event is said to be constrained in a LTS if and only if there is some state in the LTS from which there is no outgoing transition labeled with that event.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The location of the .rst element of this list is storedinaglobalvariableinthekernel.The startingphysical address of thekernel is constant and con.gurable atkernel compilation time and, therefore, the crashkernelisawareof the physical address of the .rst element of the process list.
Sentence 2: periodic checkpointing introduces overhead that is signi.cant for applications that use a large amount of frequently changing data.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: These four questions align with the traditional life cycle consid­erations of requirements, user interface, high-level design, and low-level design, but cast as design, we now know that there are some similarities to be expected in how they are explored, some unique aspects and challenges, but most of all a very strong rela­tionship.
Sentence 2: parnas [88] first defined expected benefits of modularization and proposed what is still the most ubiquitously applied criterion to date: achieve information hiding.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We consider the maximum 10% prediction error im­pressively accurate given the relative simplicity of IOR compared to the applications.
Sentence 2: tABLE III SOME IMPORTANT IOR PARAMETERS IOR Parameter Description Parameter Range API FilePerProc ReadFile WriteFile NumTasks BlockSize TransferSize SegmentCount File format API One-.le-per-proc or shared .le Read a .le from disk Write a .le to disk Num tasks participating in test Bytes to write per task I/O transaction size per task Number of datasets in .le HDF5, pNetCDF, MPI-IO, POSIX True or False True or False True or False System limited Given in KB, MB, or GB Divisible by BlockSize File system limited  Jacquard, a .le size of 256 MB per processors appears to be a suitable size to overcome the caching effect, on Franklin, it needs to be over 1GB.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.6.1 Awkward Cardinalities As already explained in Section 2.2, DTDs offer a restricted mechanism to specify cardinalities, i.e., there are no language concepts for defining cardinalities having a lower bound greater than one and for defining cardinalities having an upper bound other than 1 or * .
Sentence 2: with intra-layer mappings, one is able to derive intra­layer mappings at lower layers of the architecture.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Nevertheless, such information will not be revealed to the user so that the experiment can demonstrate the effectiveness of our system for its real usage in the location free environment.
Sentence 2: demo Abstract: Sensor Network Navigation without Locations Mo Li, Jiliang Wang, Zheng Yang and Jingyao Dai Computer Science and Engineering Department, HKUST {limo, aliang, yangzh, daijy}@cse.ust.hk Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.4 [Distributed Systems]: Distributed Applications General Terms Design, Algorithms, Experimentation Keywords Wireless Sensor Networks, Navigation, Location-Free  1.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: While the consistency problem might also be addressed with 1Source:http://youtube-global.blogspot.com/2011/05/ thanks-youtube-community-for-two-big.html 2This was the case with Gothic 3, a single player fantasy role playing game released in 2006.
Sentence 2: in cases where time is not a crucial factor, this might be a very valuable option.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: x0..k.F1[i]= t-i -i .F, S, LS, Lmin.P ; E; F ; S; LS; Lmin f M = LUB(cn ' .l*) P ; E f M P ; E; F ; S; LS; Lmin f M Lmin1 .i .
Sentence 2: they can be easily added to our system using previous work on formalization of subroutines [11, 24, 30] and object initialization [19] for JVML.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: On the other hand, the limited battery power of the sensor S o u c a i s ( )  r e R d u R nodes imply that the amount of redundancy needs to be restricted to conserve the lifetime of the sensor nodes.
Sentence 2: this is because, when source per­forms network coding, each outgoing packet from the source con­tains information of all packets in the same generation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The analysis of these randomized distributed protocols is already far from trivial, and it is seems di.cult to go beyond these simplistic interference models.
Sentence 2: periments, we .nd that if p =1/2, .xing tv at a lower level, i.e., tv = 4, gives the best throughput, since in this case p is much higher, and hence there are more collisions and busy time periods.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If the priority of all the variables in the .ve changes is 2, and the threshold is 1, no .xes can be generated.
Sentence 2: to this end, our approach (1) automatically translates user feedback into a set of implicit priority levels on con.guration variables, using .ve prior­ity assignment and adjustment strategies and (2) e.ciently generates potential desirable .xes by calculating new values for the variables with low priority.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Because of the high churn rate, it is a challenging problem to de­ termine an accurate estimate of the current snapshot of the student 60 50 40 body.
Sentence 2: becker and Chen [14] inferred many different attributes of Facebook users, including af.liation, age, country, degree of edu­cation, employer, high school name and grad year, political view, relationship status, university and zip code using the most popular attribute values of the user s friends.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 2.1 Test Suite Reduction Regression testingisfrequentlyperformedas software con­tinually evolves.
Sentence 2: afteranalyzing thedata,theaverage reduced test suite size and percentage are shown in Table 3 and the distribution of the percentage of these reduced test suites size compared to the original test suites is shown in Figure 3.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If the process speci.ed by pid is not currently running on one of the CPUs speci.ed in mask, then that process is migrated to one of theCPUs speci.edin mask.
Sentence 2: currently the only way that an implemen­tation can provide the mechanisms to allow the program­mers to partition their tasks amongst the available proces­sors is via implementation-de.ned pragmas, or non stan­dardlibrarypackages.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Traditional test input generation tech­niques use either (1) concrete execution or (2) symbolic exe­cution that builds constraints and is followed by a generation of concrete test inputs from these constraints.
Sentence 2: cUTE: A concolic unit testing engine for C. In 5th joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 05).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: But to ac­cept functions for logical reasoning, users often need to help ACL2 prove termination.
Sentence 2: since the completed line is never be­yond the todo line, these induce three (potentially empty) regions in this order: the completed region, which contains everything that has been accepted by the theorem prover; the todo region, which has everything currently being or scheduled to be processed; and the working region, which is for editing at will.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Notethatthenumberoflevelsonlydependsonnandx, butnotonmasitwastheaseinSetion3.Thisdemon­stratesthat,forourapproah,sarifingdiskspaehelpsto improvetheomputationalomplexityforblokloation.
Sentence 2: thedrawbakofournewplaementstrategyisthatthe loationofablokmightbeambiguous.Itmayhavebeen keptbakatsomelevel,sinesomenewdiskwasnotableto storeit.Also,itouldhavebeenmovedtothenexthigher levelduetotheinsertionofbloks.ineahlevel, thereisonlyonepossibleloationforanyblok:thelast diskthatwasableduetoitsapaitytostoreit.Hene,for llevels,ournewstrategyonlyausesatmostlrequeststobe senttoallpossibleloationsofablok.Sineeveryblok isonlystoredatoneloation,onlyoneoftheserequests willinvolveadiskaessandthetransportofdataalong ommuniationlinks.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: With this move towards diversity in computers, all potential victim machines appear to be di.erent to attackers and di.erent from the attacker s own machine as well.
Sentence 2: thus each time the computer attempts to return from a function, it actually winds up jumping to and exe­cuting the gadget it .nds at the location of the next address on the stack.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: THREATS TO VALIDITY The main threats identi.ed to the validity of this system­atic review are related to: Missing of important primary studies: The publication databases used in this systematic review are considered the most relevant available ones [6, 11].
Sentence 2: this review also pointed out that there is a predominance of using robots in indoor and ground en­vironments (including non-mobile).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: .le system (VFAT), and an in-kernel Web server (kHTTPd).
Sentence 2: object-tracking code: (1) maintains a list of kernel data structures that are manipulated by an extension, (2) controls all modi.ca­tions to those structures, and (3) provides object informa­tion for cleanup when an extension fails.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: based write barrier can be used, almost without modifica- tion, to perform the reference update tracking required for mostly-concurrent collection.
Sentence 2: the scanning process for a refer- ence value ref (into the mostly-concurrent generation) works as follows: ® if ref points ahead of cur, the corresponding object is simply marked, without being pushed on the stack; it will be visited later in the linear traversal.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This section describes v0.3: http://eclipse.org/mylar/doc/new.php verified 01/09/06 6 http://bugzilla.org verified 01/09/06 decoration of element backgrounds based on DOI is not on by default, but a user can set a different highlighter for each context, and specify if the highlighter color gradients should be discrete or continuous.
Sentence 2: mylar supports structured data and provides a task context model and DOI ranking.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If the operation is imple­mentedby atask or aprotected entrythentheblocking may be inde.nite.
Sentence 2: 2.2 Synchronized, protected and task interfaces In order to provide integration between Ada s concur­rency and OOP models, Ada 2005 provides three further forms of limited interfaces: synchronized, protected and task.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The fair-speedup metric (FS) relative to a base scheme is de.ned as the harmonic mean of per application I/O la­tency improvement with respect to the base scheme (fair PN IOAppi(base) share): FS(scheme)= N/ i=1 , where N is IOAppi(scheme) the number of applications in the workload.
Sentence 2: in case of glimpse, the results obtained from the uncontrolled partitioning and .rst-level only schemes satisfy the SLO, mostlybecause the data set size in glimpse is small enough to .t into the two levels of storage caches used in our experiment.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Related Work Global methods for communicating systems occur in different forms, including MSC [25], security protocols [8, 9, 12] and au­tomata theory [21].
Sentence 2: [7] L. Bettini, M. Coppo, L. D Antoni, M. D. Luca, M. Dezani-Ciancaglini, and N. Yoshida.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A key property of Fa­ble is that type-correctness guarantees complete mediation: no sensitive data can be accessed or manipulated without .rst consulting the appropriate enforcement policy function.
Sentence 2: the .nal step is to preface security-sensitive operations on data with calls to enforcement policy functions, whether these operations occur in server-side code, or in data access code.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The highly-concentrated testing involved in Conver­gence Debugging could be seen as the opposite of diversity testing, where test cases that result in highly dispersed in­ternal control and data are considered desirable in fault de­tection[21][22].
Sentence 2: dIVERSITY ANALYZER The Diversity Analyzer is an industrial-strength tool that can analyze projects written in C, C++, Visual Basic, C# and Java in the Windows and .NET environment 5 .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Each method can have a number of speci.cation cases, separated by the also key­word, which describe di.erent behaviour cases under di.er­ent preconditions.
Sentence 2: permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The study group size and duration was not large enough to conceptualize our .ndings into a theory that may apply to a broader software-engineering domain.
Sentence 2: given that the study-design group had contacted (for recruiting) the participant teams but we were the ones actu­ally conducting the study (without the presence of the study-design group members), this presentation proved useful for rapport build­ing as it provided us with an opportunity for an informal discussion with and introduction to the team.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Hansei, on the other hand, does not distinguish between probabilistic and deterministic computations, and hence random variables do in general not require special typing.
Sentence 2: we also want to explore using Lightweight Modular Staging (LMS) [18] to remove interpre­tive overhead in the inference algorithms by compiling infer­ence procedures down to low-level code.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The .rst is a conven­tional stack-based JVM (Sun s J2ME CDC 1.0 -foundation pro.le), and the second is a modi.ed version of this JVM which translates stack code into register code just-in-time, and implements an interpreter for a virtual register machine.
Sentence 2: most compilers produce a range check, and an additional unconditional branch in the generated code for the switch.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This change may a.ect an external call to these methods when the receiver type is either B or C. By comparing the outgoing edges from the node labeled C entry in the graph in Figure 5(a) with the outgoing edges from node labeled C entry in the graph in Figure 5(b), our algorithm identi.es that the target of the edge labeled bar() has changed.
Sentence 2: the graph on the right in Figure 4 illustrates this representation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 4.2 Pseudo-idealDRRPerformance Inthissection, we .rst evaluatethepotentialperformance and locality improvements with DRR, by evaluating a sin­gle virtual cluster with additional available cores in each physical system.
Sentence 2: in this section, we showed the potential performance im­provements by a pseudo-ideal synchronous DRR, when one or two additional cores are always available for each VM for recon.guration.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: e :: [((Int,Bool),Char)] e= zip [1,2,3] [True,False] [ a , b , c ]  From the program text, we generate Zip ([IntJ-[BoolJ-[CharJ-[((Int,Bool),Char)J Note that equalities have already been resolved by uni.cation.
Sentence 2: then [[PJJ1 =DD'iff D --PC andD' --PC' such that 1 =(: ¯ fvCD)C)(: ¯ fvCD.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: ODETTE OFFIS, V0.2, http://odette.offis.de/systemc-plus/, Oct. 2002 [14] W. Fornaciari, L. Pomante.
Sentence 2: in other words does it mean that even with OSSS full control of synthesis results in case of design functionality stays in the hands of designers.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This proves to be insuf.cient in practice because the generated method can be fairly long (all code versions are concate­nated).
Sentence 2: current approaches to aspect weaving fail to support this vision because of the com­putational interference effect: the mere presence of an aspect per­turbates the observations made by other aspects, because of the extra join points that are produced and observable by all aspects.
Relationship: neutral