sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: An instance for FunType is the following, with proofs omitted: instance Polynomial FunType where pcode = P I I pto = toFunType pfrom = fromFunType ptoFromInverse = ... pfromToInverse = ...  5.2 Universe embedding To write modular functions for polynomial functors we proceed in the same way as in Section 4 by showing that Polynomial is closed under coproducts and building the functionality of the SPF type class generically.
Sentence 2: that would duplicate the generic functionality and would prevent us from using polynomial functors with containers.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As discussed further in Section3.2, the work product is the key element (direct evidence) to characterize whether an agile methodmeets or not the MR-MPS processes.
Sentence 2: it is im ortant to clarify that there may be situationsin which a work product in the agile method meets only p artly an expected result, due to the nature ofagile methods that tend to produce only enough documentation for software.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Because the runtime cannot distinguish whether more than one variable point to the object, named remains 2 in the original object.
Sentence 2: 2.2 Performance of Type I Codes Type I R programs suffer from many performance problems that it has in common with of other interpreted dynamic scripting languages, including Dynamic type checking and dispatch  Generic data representation  Expensive name-based variable lookup  Generic calling convention (e.g., heap-allocated variable­length argument list)  R also introduces some unique perfor­mance issues that are speci.c to its semantics, such as Missing value NA number support.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This can be accomplished by replacing listE by BagE, the bag-equivalence constructor: fsEq1 :: Equiv FilesystemElem fsEq1 = MapE fromFs (SumE eqString8 (PairE eqString8 (BagE fsEq1))) Using SetE instead of BagE we can even allow indadvertently duplicated .le names and subdirectories and still identify them as duplicates: fsEq2 :: Equiv FilesystemElem fsEq2 = MapE fromFs (SumE eqString8 (PairE eqString8 fsEq2)) Now we have the desired de.nition of dirEq: dirEq = SetE fsEq2  4.2.3 Skipping the cross-product In the previous two examples we have used the SQL idiom of using self-join before .ltering pairs for non-duplicates.
Sentence 2: it turns out that for this particular pattern of queries, it is not the most ef.cient approach to follow the SQL idiom.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2568088.2568091.
Sentence 2: hanspeter Mössenböck Institute for System Software  Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria hanspeter.moessenboeck@jku.at  while object allocations produce a direct and easy to understand performance impact, the costs of garbage collections are easily overlooked.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Suppose,wewouldliketoexploreonlyafxedamountof theavailableapaity.Then,twodiferentapproahesan beinvestigated: 1.UptoafxedratiowE(01)oftheapaityofeah diskisallowedtobewasted.Weallthisstrategyloal slaknessstrategy,beauseitanbehekedloallyat eahdiskwhethertheapaityonstraintisfulflled.
Sentence 2: 2.UptoafxedratiowE(01)oftheoverallapaity ofthesystemisallowedtobewasted.Thisstrategyis alledglobalslaknessstrategy.Ithastheadvantage thattheapaityonstraintsatthedisksanbehan­ dledwithmuhmorefexibility.hangesin thenumberofdisksmayafetthewholesystem.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Previous studies [8-15] state that Unified Modelling Language (UML) design models provide a means to manage the increasing complexity of programs, which in turn assist developers in understanding and managing them.
Sentence 2: nothing is said in the literature about the impact of making available UML design models that show different kinds of composition details, which allow us to express the nuances of its properties (e.g., composition scope).
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Synthesising Graphics Card Programs from DSLs Luke Cartey Rune Lyngsoe Oege de Moor University of Oxford University of Oxford University of Oxford luke.cartey@cs.ox.ac.uk lyngsoe@stats.ox.ac.uk oege.de.moor@cs.ox.ac.uk  Abstract Over the last .ve years, graphics cards have become a tempting tar­get for scienti.c computing, thanks to unrivaled peak performance, often producing a runtime speed-up of x10 to x25 over comparable CPU solutions.
Sentence 2: this increase can be di.cult to achieve, and doing so often requires a fundamental rethink.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Cooperative threads are expected to yield soon af­ter their timeslice deadline, but if they fail to do so within the slack period, they are preempted and demoted.
Sentence 2: second, based on our programming model, cooperative threads are normally expected to sleep by calling oop poll.if a thread blocks in the kernel for any other reason, then it will not have a release time and is demoted.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Otherwise, when BM C (A', 0) becomes unsatis.­able, A' is precise to frame 0.
Sentence 2: given that the gates of A' that do not appear in the unsatis.able core of the formula (returned by the underlying SAT solver) are not needed to prove the absence of counter-examples of length 0, these gates can removed from A' resulting in a smaller abstraction, that is still precise to frame 0.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Invariant preservation for looser synchronization relation i.e., .1 .2, we can conclude that if .2(B)is deadlock-free, then .1(B)is deadlock-free.
Sentence 2: we can still reuse the invariant of .1(B) as an over-approximation of the one of .2(B).
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If agreement is used, the fault-free overhead is O(allreduce) and in case of fault the overhead will be roughly O(allreduce × num retries + allreduce).
Sentence 2: if agree­ment is not used, implementations may be able to optimize the algorithm to remove the trailing fault-tolerant collec­tive in many low-fault cases.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (b) Asynchronous unidi-(c) Asynchronous unidi-(d) Asynchronous bidi-(e) Synchronous service rectional service at the rectional service at the rectional service sending node receiving node  Figure 3: Generic and customized service installation scenarios CLOSED (.nished) state before activating the new service, interrupting (freezing) the running service and conducting the replacement immediately will speed up the adaptation process.
Sentence 2: to preserve a valid service, this implies transferring the internal state of the old TCP service to the new one, before activating the latter.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Of course, one can obtain a technically well-de.ned treatment of dynamic binding and delimited control by choosing one of the three inequivalent implementations of abort above.
Sentence 2: such a choice is purely arbitrary: the trampoline optimisation is no more and no less at fault as the non-trampoline pessimisation for a.ecting how dynamic variables behave.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the current prototype systems, regions are primar­ily loops that have signi.cant samples within an interval of 1Inter-region optimizations are rarely performed due to the complexity of analysis in a runtime optimization system.
Sentence 2: with the help of compiler annotations, future dynamic optimization systems may deploy inter-region optimizations, such as instruction cache prefetching for the next incoming phase.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Thisis mostlyduetothefactthatscienti.c applications are typically written in Fortran or C/C++ for performance and scalability reasons, while a large body of the AOP research is based on Java-based implementations.
Sentence 2: itis encouragingthatthe overhead ofJava(e.g., garbage collection overhead) is becoming acceptable for computationally intensive tasks with the increasing hard­wareparallelism[3], which canleadtobroader recognition of sophisticated software engineering methodologies such as AOP in the scienti.c and high-performance computing domains.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Hence, the original MVC design pattern works like a closed loop wherein the view talks to the controller, which connects to the model, and this in turn talks to the view [11,16].
Sentence 2: the eLC2 collaborate the reusable services in the model that is wrapped inside the reconfigurable controller which acts as an interface integrator and transforms the request/response parameters of the end user view to the model.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The latter is realized through integration of original applications and data sources, particularly in terms of widgets, into the same graphical space (e.g., browser), in which participating applications and data sources can be perceived and identified by the end-users.
Sentence 2: from a technical point of view, we categorize mashups with respect to the source and integration approach as depicted in Figure 1. services data sources tools Figure 1.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.1 Requirements analysis based on KAOS KAOS provides an adequate requirements description capability even if the target application is MAS, when we extract the func­tionalities of the system, which is one of the main activities of the requirements analysis.
Sentence 2: certain constraints should be used when connecting the requirements description with the MAS archi­tectural model.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Also as there are no inequality constraints for ttab elem,we have T0(ttab elem) =(m,32), and similarly for tb1 there are no zero blocks.
Sentence 2: due to the bitmask, T0(tb1&#38;130 02 ), and hence T0(tbase ) has two zero blocks, as the constraint tb1&#38;130 02 =tbase is the only inequality constraint with tbase on the right hand side.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We realize that modeling expertise is in itself an interest­ing topic of research [15], and hence we also experimented with a slightly di.erent measure of .le familiarity, in terms of the proportion of total code in the .le that has been up­dated by the developer, compared to the updates made to the .le by other developers throughout the evolution history of the .le.
Sentence 2: when we computed both the measures and cross-checked with a team of developers who were part of the TA case study, we realized that equating .le exper­tise with proportional code updated, may result in grossly inaccurate familiarity levels since it ignores familiarity that a developer gains of code submitted by others in course of making his/her own updates.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Its after-returning advice assumes the join points are constructor calls; and the concrete aspect ConstructorTracing, Listing 5: ConstructorTracing.java (1) public aspect ConstructorTracing extends ReturnValueTracing {}  would trace newly constructed objects.
Sentence 2: it is an error to put after-returning advice on a join point that does not return a value or returns a value of an incon'ect type.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the case that a given node (source) holds a particular block which is required in other parts of the network (sinks), net­work coding will ensure that such block will propagate in a num­ber of rounds equal to the distance between the source and the sinks.
Sentence 2: if no coding is used (or even if only source coding is used), then, the nodes in the path may waste several rounds downloading blocks that the sinks already has.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: It is possible that only a subset of the roletypes generated by this combina- tion will be present in B/A, as some roleJ:ype rB/rA may be eliminated because of contradictory conditions or results specified in rB and rA.
Sentence 2: if there is any contradic- tion in the combination of a process of A with the roletype of B chosen to be bound with it, then we cannot create B/A at all, since B/A needs all the processes of A and B.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, the attribute GL_REPLACE can be sent to the glStencilOp and glTexEnv subprograms.
Sentence 2: the set of legal attributes for glStencilOp are GL_KEEP, GL_ZERO, GL_REPLACE, GL_INCR, GL_DECR, and GL_INVERT, while the legal attributes for glTextEnv are GL_MODULATE, GL_DECAL, GL_BLEND, and GL_REPLACE.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (max) able, since X can always interfere with the normal execution of S getting the overall system stuck, so that the .nal mes­sage mF is not delivered.
Sentence 2: still keeping the intuition behind Formula 1, we can weaken the property to the conjunction of Formulas A1 and A2, where: A1 When there is not an intruder, the orchestrator always drives the services to correct termination.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Standards such as ZigBee1 [30], Zwave, X10, and Echelon may also support interoperability of low-power devices.
Sentence 2: each of these standards is tied to a single physical layer standard and, these standards need application layergateways to connect to the restofthe Internet.Wefocusonan alternativeapproachthatisbuilt on widely-used open standards such as TCP/IP and web services.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: HotWave runs on any standard JVM and re­stricts the AspectJ programming model; e.g., around() ad­vice and explicit structural modi.cations of classes, i.e., so­called static cross-cutting, are not supported.
Sentence 2: hotWave2 is based on a prior version of the DCE VM [44] that allows the necessary class transformations in support of around() advice and static cross-cutting.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Therefore, for a program with pointers, SSA conver­sion requires points-to information to enumerate the indirect writes to variables through pointers, so full SSA conversion cannot be done before the points-to analysis.
Sentence 2: since top-level vari­ables cannot be accessed through pointers, it is possible to convert the top-level variables into SSA form prior to points-to analysis.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Further­more, Hammond and Davis [8] demonstrated that domain speci.c languages lend themselves better to the problem of specifying gestures.
Sentence 2: a paper by Hoste and Signer 1The same holds for other input modalities, such as speech or device­orientation, which are not relevant to the speci.c gestures described in subsection 2.1, but in general might be jointly used in a single gesture speci.cation.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: All previously existing technologies such as a proprietary communication protocol, (D)COM, CORBA, Java, and a home-grown HTTP/XML solution could either not fulfill this vision or did not meet all requirements of a truly Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA).
Sentence 2: web services can be characterized as self-contained, modular applications that can be described, published, located, and invoked over a common Web-based infrastructure which is defined by open standards.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Many di.erent characteristics could be used to assess how the sampled trees .ll the space of all general trees of size 100.
Sentence 2: a particular concern is that because the Godel-¨Test generator constructs the tree in a depth-.rst pre-order traversal that moves from left to right, the NMCS algorithm may introduce a bias that skews the trees to the left or to the right.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If ef.ciently exploited, this parallelism should reduce the pause time.
Sentence 2: our previous study [10] shows that the performance of the stop­the-world GCs available in OpenJDK 7 degrades beyond about 8 GC threads, taking over one-third of total application time at maximum parallelism (one GC thread for each of 48 hardware cores).
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In particular, when an allocation request is issued for a table node, since the table nodes always refer to the randomly-accessed data, the free .ash space referred by the T head of the doubly­linked list is allocated for the table node.
Sentence 2: (As astute readers might point out, the both-.t allocator in this case behaves like the .rst-.t allocator from the T head of the doubly-linked list) when an allocation request is issued for a range node, a scan is initiated from the R head of the doubly-linked list to .nd the node that refers to the smallest free .ash space that could accommodate the data of the range node.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However now no less than .ve disk syn­chronisations are required per event (two for ActiveMQ and PostgreSQL respectively, and one of JBoss) in order to en­sure that the system can recover from failure.
Sentence 2: postgreSQL-PS can use local transactions (one disk synchro­nisation) to ensure that the function execution and the re­moval of an event from the queue is performed atomically.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The stream architecture represents a promising alternative to cache-based architectures in achieving high performance in sig­nal processing, multimedia and graphics [21, 22, 26].
Sentence 2: its Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Forthisreason, weclassify the behavior of the Store an Embedded Number and Send a Message to Embedded Email features as homogeneous.
Sentence 2: we say that the Password optional feature  (a) Structured data operations (PLUSS) Scenario 01 - Receive a MMS Scenario 02 - Select a MMS for displaying  of theSmartHome case studyhas a heterogeneous crosscut­ting behavior [6], since it requires one advice for each join point(Figure12(a) and(b)).
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The faults seeded in the Siemens suite are preferable in this respect to the full set of mutants that we used here.
Sentence 2: we believe that it should be possible for researchers to select difficult mutants in the same way as the difficult Siemens faults were selected, i.e., by excluding those mutants killed by a large number of test cases.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Such models store a wealth of information about organizational processes and their implementation, so it is vital that this information be accessible to a great number of people in the respective or­ganization.
Sentence 2: most existing query facilities have not been conceived and implemented with a non-IT savvy user in mind: they o.er only full-text search, a set of prede.ned queries, and/or a full-blown programming interface.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: At its most .exible, MPCS is a loose confederation of tools rather than a cohesive system with a .xed design.
Sentence 2: mPCS does have a rather stable infrastructure of core components that are usually connected in a well-de.ned way, so we can generally treat MPCS as a system with a stable platform and .xed variation points.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: They allow automatic affect classification, but usually produce low classification results and need a wide number of texts for training.
Sentence 2: semantic approaches aim at classifying affect in texts using emotional information about a set of keywords, which implies the need of hand­crafted dictionaries [2, 3] and the incorporation of lexical analysis for detecting lexical modifiers of sense and negations in the phrase­level analysis.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Several software process assessment models have been developed, such as CMM/CMMI [2][3], ISO 9001 Quality Management (9000-3) [9], and ISO/IEC 15504 sometimes called SPICE [8].
Sentence 2: there is a general perception in governmental organizations that those models and standards are more suited for large industrial organizations [7][15].
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The information con­tained in both the evolved and original metamodels could be used for the terminal nodes for the programs created.
Sentence 2: languages like Epsilon Flock are rule-based and it is not immediately obvious how many rules would be re­quired to perform the migration, which may prove di.cult in adequately guiding the search algorithm towards a good solution.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Zhi Jin Academy of Mathematics and System Science Institute of Computing Technology, CAS Beijing, 100080, China zhijin@amss.ac.cn diagrams and looking more closely at the interfaces between the world and the system to make the annotation of inter­face phenomena; and (4) continuing the problem decomposi­tion until each sub-problem can be .tted to a basic problem frame or one of the variants.
Sentence 2: to our best knowledge, there is not yet e.cient tools exist for Problem Frames approach [2].
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Although it would be possible to .x these problems by de.n­ing a pattern variant for each false negative, this was not done in order to obtain an impartial set of results for this test.
Sentence 2: the purpose of any extensible design patterns library is to increase the size of the library, so it is possible to build up the Spine library with other variants to capture these false negatives.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Theproeduredesribedaboveanbeoptimizedinmany ways.Wementiononlythemostimportantonethatwe haveimplementedthesharingofsubtermsdisjointfrom s.Weshowthisoptimizationinanexample.Supposethat thetop­leveltermbeingevaluatedis: add (coin, t) Thenon­determinismofcoingivesrisetotheomputation ofthefollowingtwoterms: add (zero, t) add (succ (zero), t) Thesetermsareevaluatedonurrentlyandindependently.
Sentence 2: termtintheabovedisplayissharedratherthan dupliated.SharingimprovestheeÆienyofomputa­tionssineonlyoneterm,ratherthanseveralequalopies, isonstrutedandpossiblyevaluated.Insomesituations, asharedtermmayourinthestaksoftwoindepen­dentomputationsandbeonurrentlyevaluatedbyeah omputation.Thisapproahavoidsaommonproblemof baktraking­basedimplementationsoffuntionallogilan­guages,inwhihtwillbeevaluatedtwieifitisneeded duringtheevaluationofbothadd termsshownabove.
Relationship: contrasting