sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In doing so, developers programming updates in ReCaml can manipulate runtime states using the same language.
Sentence 2: the type of l1 is: tparl1 = t1 is the type of the value that .ows at the boundary;  tresl1 = t2 is the return type of the enclosing function;  Vl1 =[x1 .. tx1 ] binds types to the activation variables.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As previous work has shown that system noise events can signi.cantly impact HPC performance [7, 14], great e.ort has been made to lower the duration of noise events.
Sentence 2: while it is dangerous to extrapo­late this conclusion to other potential nonblocking collective implementations, these results suggest that whatever other bene.ts they may have for applications, mitigation of system noise is not among them.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For CMPT 275, the additional elements meant that the endeavour was no longer just another programming project .
Sentence 2: industry practitioners have found that capstone projects do not adequately prepare graduates for the work­place because of its mono-disciplinary approach, a perspec­tive also supported by Reichlmay [6] who indicates the im­portance of involving industry in the planning of the Soft­ware Engineering curriculum.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This property is verified if a) expression [PrA] is not satisfied when the following initial condition holds: Own_Tracked_Alt > Other_Tracked_Alt i.e., the controlled aircraft is at a higher altitude than the intruder aircraft, and b) expression [PrA] is not satisfied when the following initial condition holds: Own_Tracked_Alt < Other_Tracked_Alt i.e., the controlled aircraft is at a lower altitude than the intruder aircraft.
Sentence 2: [14]E. Allen Emerson and Edmund M. Clarke.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The Science of Programming, chapter 21 Inverting Programs, pages 265 274.
Sentence 2: but semi-inversion is actually possible: If we had chosen the second resequentialisation for h 1101, the requirement for p can be satis.ed, and we would get the following semi-inverse program: main_101(a,c) = h_1101((fun p_101,fun p_111),a,c); p_101(a,c) = c-a/2; p_111(a,b,c) = let True() = c=a/2+b in (); So, instead of invalidating (main,(1,0,1)), we should retry rese­quentialisation of (h,(1,1,0,1)) in the hope of getting different uses of its functional parameter.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this work, we propose MaWi, a smart phone based indoor localization system using Magnetic .eld and Wi-Fi as .ngerprints.
Sentence 2: through this smart combination, MaWi achieves a scalable deployment due to its low demand on the .ngerprint database, while getting very competitive localization accuracy compared to state-of-the-art systems.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Secondly, a restricted subset of the outlined hierarchical component structures for modeling of discrete and contin­uous control behavior can be checked for the consistent re­con.guration and real-time synchronization w.r.t recon.gu­ration taking proactive behavior into account [6, 8].
Sentence 2: in the remainder of this paper, we .rst introduce the modeling concepts for the integrated description of discrete and continuous models in Section 2.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Dynamic Description Logic (DDL) [3] is adopted in this paper, since it is suitable for behavior formalization and inference, and it is based on Description Logic, which is commonly adopted as the logic foundation of ontology language standards, such as OWL [13], which is used to model context environment in our previous work [6] to provide the features of semantics description and knowledge sharing.
Sentence 2: this section describes the context modeling in the framework and the behavior definitions used in the rest of this paper.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: While this .exibility is an important asset, formalizing the content itself makes infor­mation less subject to multiple interpretations, and allows it to be automatically processed.
Sentence 2: having related information fragments in close proximity of each other, and having multiple uses of the same infor­mation, across a set of di.erent documents, are common needs in software documentation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: GUI , BasicFacilities , and ComplexFacilities features can be considered advices of a crosscutting relationship, because there are references repeated more than once (in accordance with the rule 8 in Table 1), however in the feature model proposed by Sánchez et al [6] each one of these features is a distinct feature model (distinct tree).
Sentence 2: to copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Content objects areplacedintothecacheintwosteps.Inthe .rst step,anobjectis added to the cache with a default size, since at this stage the exact size of contentis unknown.
Sentence 2: limited logging is needed in production runs to collect input traces, path pro.les, and event orders to re­duce the searchspace.A constraint solveris used to reproducefail­ures.Compared tothesetechniques, ourapproach sharesthesame observationthat software-based approaches mustperformdirected schedule search because low overhead coarse-grained logging is not suf.cientforfaithful replay.The uniquefeature of our solution is that we reduce the search spaceby analyzing core-dumps, lever­aging theidea of executionindexing.As a result, our techniquehas negligible overhead onproduction runs.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This paper presents the results from our study aimed at systematically identifying and synthesizing the challenges reported to be involved in using OSS in product development.
Sentence 2: it is not our intention to present a definitive classification; rather, we intend to present our findings in a structured way that can help practitioners to inform them of challenges in using OSS in product development that have been reported so far, and may therefore arise in their situation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 30003000 25002500 20002000 1500 1500 1000 1000  Figure 6: Response time using video conferencing application Skype to stream CMG video.
Sentence 2: despite the progress in the capabilities of mobile devices, there will be a widening gap with the growing Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For this aim, parameters are compared with thresholds representing lower bounds for execution conditions, as well as with the previously known behaviour of the application.
Sentence 2: if S is a class, then: (i) if T is a class, then S must either be T or a subclass of T; (ii) if T is an interface, then S must implement T; otherwise, i.e.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In Ptolemy, the events have to be explicitly announced in the target code (a.k.a.
Sentence 2: the transcut designates the region of code that begins with creating a StringBuffer followed by at least one StringBuffer.append() method call, followed by at least one String-Buffer.toString() method call, and ends with a Logger.log() method call.4 The pointcuts that form the transcut are traditional AspectJ pointcuts, but their parameters are shared the union of the con­text parameters for each pointcut forms the shared context param­eter list of the transcut.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 9.2 Cost Model and Predictability A cost model for execution is provided to the user by the static guarantee of optimisation by iterate and iterateT, and no optimi­sation by run; there are no unpredictable automatic analyses and transformations.
Sentence 2: they are not result of a compiler analysis and transformation) and are not manual either, but human-driven, with predictable gains thanks to the static guarantees of Ypnos.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The following set of observations is made about the reads (uses) and writes (de.nitions) to array p new: The reads to p new at statement S1 are indexed by cols array entries.
Sentence 2: this includes approaches for simultaneous multithreading [14] and chip multiprocessors [36] that employ redundantly executing threads whose results are peri­odically compared.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Let GOT O S, Zl = {[] i j1 jm jm+1 jm+2 jn A. X· · · Xm X X· · · Xn ;v 1 m+1 m+2 [] i j1 jm jm+1 jm+2 jn A. X· · · X XX· · · X;u.
Sentence 2: as we restrict ourselves to LR(k)grammars, this turns out to not be a problem.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The inspector-executor based work-item coalescing is applied to ef.ciently handle branches when a work-item coalesced loop is mapped in CGRA.
Sentence 2: table 1: Comparison of work-item coalescing methods for a simple example: if (cond) do something A simple work-item coalescing for each work-item, if(cond) do something The ispector-executor based work-item coalescing for each work-item, if(cond) work-item-list.push(work-item) for each work-item in the work-item-list, do something  work-item coalescing requires variable expansions which expands private variables in a shader into arrays in order to con­currently access those variables in loops.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As the results show the .rst two algorithms can outperform each other in different situations.
Sentence 2: categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.4 [Programming Languages]: Processors compilers;C.3 [Special-purpose and Application-based Systems]: [real-time and embedded systems] General Terms Algorithms, Performance, Design Keywords subword data, storage assignment, SWOA, SOA 1.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In our case, the ROC curve depicts the change in the ratioofTPtoFPasdi.erent E thresholds are chosen.
Sentence 2: since transactions t1 and t7 are truly independent, the false placement of t8 in It1 is a random event that is not likely to occur in a signi.cantly large num­ber of itemsets, and thus safely ignored by the data-mining algorithm using minimum frequency thresholds.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Fourth, the values of computed proportions Prt are checked and compared to the control limits; and if there is any value that falls outside of these control limits, it is taken as a warning signal that a violation in the response time requirement has occurred.
Sentence 2: our proposed approach adopts advanced control charts that continuously monitor response time observations, and once the value is obtained it is checked and compared to the built chart lim­its.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We recommend that you print the file for best legibility.
Sentence 2: givenitsslightbiastowardsworkstations,ouroriginalframe­workmightnotbegeneralenoughtoopeeasilywithem­beddedhardware.Evaluatingtheextentoftheproblem requiresfurtherinvestigation.Thisisthegoalofthispaper.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 2.2.2 Subtyping Unlike for value quali.ers, there is in general no sound sub-or su­pertype relationship between an arbitrary reference-quali.ed type and its associated unquali.ed type.
Sentence 2: in Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, pages 128 139.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Whereas in living organisms, the transformation of genotype to phenotype is performedby transcribing DNAintointermediateRNA and then translated into amino acids forming proteins, GE re­sembles this processbyusing anintermediate representation and building rules in a form of a grammar.
Sentence 2: mappingisthe only partofGE whichisperformed on GPU by a single thread in a thread block (individual).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the scheduling algorithm, we divide the access list Lb(op flag) in the history into two parts, SH1 consists of the ac­cesses in the .rst a fraction of the history period, where a is a con­.gurable parameter, and SH2 consists of the remaining accesses.
Sentence 2: we con.gure QEMU to track dirty blocks at a much .ner granularity of 128KB to keep unnecessary data retransmission down.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Incremental selection is also preferable in large-scale systems since its running time is normally (without manycandidates being vetoed) linear in the size of candidates, whereas aggregate selection approaches exponential running time regardless of how many candidates are vetoed.
Sentence 2: the property is then monitored by the broker, and the provider s utilityis penalised (throughthe inclusionofa trustworthiness prop­erty) when the service agreement is violated, which is to say, when theprovider snon-functionalpropertydivergesfromtheadvertised value.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Composition-based approaches employ advanced program­ming concepts (such as component frameworks, plug-in ar­chitectures, aspect-oriented programming (AOP)) [8, 17, 47, 48] or extend existing programming languages with feature­ oriented constructs (such as feature-oriented programming (FOP), delta-oriented programming (DOP)) [9,37,44].
Sentence 2: somewhat language-independent exceptions exist, such as the Ahead tool suite or FeatureHouse [7, 9].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank the Ministerio de Educaci´on y Cien­cia for its support under the projectTIN2008-06681-C06-05, Fundaci´o Cr`edit Andorr`a, and Govern d Andorra.
Sentence 2: we observe that the method could ob­tain a Pareto front with a large number of solutions when thefractionofpoints on the classboundary was maximized while the ratio of average intra/inter nearest neighbor dis­tances was minimized.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: There is, con­sequently, a heavy challenge to implement agile method­ologies which deal with such conflicts in order to priori­tize the features of the system.
Sentence 2: steps for execution of the improved BREW model Now, this methodology basically proposes an execu­ tion of two different ways into two time-boxes: the Re­ lease Planning Meeting and the Sprint Planning Meeting.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: It also provides a great variety of live TV channelsfromdifferent countries.
Sentence 2: table 6: TVUPlayer Impact of Reduced Streaming Data TransmissioninP2PStreaming Quality EncodingRate Total# of SleepTime (Kbps) Packets (%) High 281 502987 40.6 Low 156 220524 71.6 Figure 10(a)shows adifferent resultfrom thatinFig-ure9(a).With alowerstreamingquality,thepercentageof control packets(thesewith small sizesof300bytesorless)is reducedby more than15%.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: It .nds that a deadlock occurs when the token from pid is lost in the channel between client and server, represented by the point where the topmost .ow crosses the partition border.
Sentence 2: no matter how sophisticated this mid­dleware layer is, failure-free communication cannot be guar­anteed (since somebody can still unplug the ethernet cable), and at some point the application has to be involved, as de­scribed by the end-to-end arguments of Saltzer et al.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Arrival (T2) Deadline-Checking (T2)  Arrival (T1) Deadline-Checking (T1) Figure 2: Petri net model 5.3 Tasks Modeling Figure 2 shows (in dashed boxes) the three main building blocks for modeling a real-time task.
Sentence 2: when changing from one state to another state, it is suf.cient to analyze the class with highest choice-priority and pruning the other ones.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 2.1 Detection of Interaction between Optimiza­tions In this section, we give the de.nition of interaction be­tween compiler optimizations and we describe the procedure to construct subsets of optimizations that positively inter­act.
Sentence 2: our methodology can be useful to deter­mine a compiler setting for an arbitrary architecture, or for an arbitrary set of applications.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A Haskell equivalent is: f1 (A1, C ) seq f2 (B1, C ) f1 (A2, C ) seq f2 (B2, C ) f1 (A3, C ) seq f2 (B3, C ) Figure 5: The abstract syntax tree after a foldl with the same structure as the foldr example has been ex­panded with concrete arguments A = [A1 , A2, A3] and B = [B1 , B2, B3].
Sentence 2: there is currently no construct for partitioning and sorting data from one distributed data structure into another, as occurs in the phase between the map and the reduce step in Map-Reduce, as such it is not possible to im­plement sorting in Martlet.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2652524.2652545 Copyright 2014 ACM 978-1-4503-2774-9/14/09 $5.00.
Sentence 2: in this paper, we argue that two related, but distinct, concepts are too often conflated by both researchers and practitioners: work motivation and job satisfaction.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Final selection for a target environment, therefore, becomes a dif.cult tradeoff between security and cost, and should be left to the discretion of the user.
Sentence 2: a miscon.guration in on-premise data centers may not be a big problem because the whole data center is restricted by its own .rewall, but in the Cloud one vulnerable VM can propa­gate the vulnerability to other machines because machines of­ten have both public and private interfaces by default.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Service Bus (DSB) technology to meet the large­scale challenge, (iii) further support for choreography deployment and execution, (iv) leveraging and evolving service­oriented middleware technology for pervasive networks to face the challenges of the Internet of Things, (v) and implementing a service­oriented middleware for large­scale decentralized choreographies based on the integration of the existing service­based technologies.
Sentence 2: at the same time that web services orchestrations grew larger and more complex, they became a new source of concern.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: X. Meng and H. Zhang, An e.cient fault-tolerant scheme for mobile agent execution, Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aerospace and Astronautics.
Sentence 2: our clas­si.cation involves fault tolerance, failure forecasting, and fault avoidance e.orts for structural design and software reusability.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.1 Underlying Concept A traceability model should capture how design decisions transform requirements into architecture, from system level quality attribute requirements into the detailed architecture description, to represent the rationale behind the architectural elements [12].
Sentence 2: iNTRODUCTION Tracing between architecture and requirements, especially the quality attribute requirements, are crucial for maintenance and evolution of the software.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: These threats are mitigated by the fact that we are equally skilled with both techniques, as we used delta debugging extensively in previ­ous work [7].
Sentence 2: 6.4 Study 1: Effectiveness for Debugging The goal of our .rst empirical study is to investigate whether the information provided by penumbra is e.ec­tive in assisting developers when debugging real failures.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For the purpose of the scheme, we de.ne the level of a fragment, for each phase, as a value in {0,1}, as follows.
Sentence 2: they proved that randomization does not help for locally checkable problem (LCL)1 : if there is a local randomized algorithm in O(t) rounds and bounded error probability, then there is a de­terministic one in O(t) rounds as well.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The driver for selecting which aspects to weave is an Orchestrator which selects a group of con.guration concerns, such as the client2appnetworklink concern from Section 4.4, and generates a set of instructions fed to the weaver, so that the weaver .rst instantiates a product con.guration and then weaves in the concerns.4 A Constraint Solver checks if the resulting con.guration satis.es the user preferences.
Sentence 2: we illustrate this with the security concern: aspect Security [ advice[;viewpoint(Citizen);req(UseCase*)] : introduce [ ;req(accesscontrol) [ Only a citizen may execute these functionalities. ]
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For the base case j = 1, we have that x = x' and X t qo ~ dvxA EXE[-~def(v) U (uv, A EFfinal)].
Sentence 2: a subset S t of S is a hitting set with I Stl _< k for the collection of C~ if and only ifH = {qoqs I s e S t} is a witness-set with [H I _< k. 0 Second we consider the Minimal Length Test Generation (MNTG) problem defined by: given M and F, generate a minimal witness-set 17 in the total length of witnesses in 17.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [12] Tetsuo Kamina, Tomoyuki Aotani, and Hidehiko Masuhara.
Sentence 2: for example, by taking an example of pedestrian navigation system that changes its behavior with respect to situations such as outdoors and indoors, we can activate the layer Outdoors (that de.nes behavioral variations that are executable only when that system is in outdoors) by using the following with-block: with (Outdoors) { .. } By explicitly specifying the block-structured scope of acti­vation, with-blocks make it easy to reason about some de­sirable properties (e.g., there are no unintentional collisions between layers).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If these tasks represented a real-life situation, tasks that were being completed when a level 3 obstacle was encountered would have to be fixed by re-editing the document or changing an application configuration setting.
Sentence 2: in order to insure that the participants' completion of the assigned tasks was scored consistently throughout the study, outside reviewers were recruited to test the inter-rater reliability of the scoring procedure.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We can derive a parameterized system of theorems DTk for different .nite values of k: Fk nH = {}.DISTINCT({u}.Fk) (DTk) We have found that the case for k =1 to be useful in proving properties of many linked list programs (e.g.
Sentence 2: most of the work on separation logic focused on proving programs manually [33, 34].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As the tile size B is increased, the cost of function computation for f1,f2 decreases by a factor of B2, due to the reuse enabled.
Sentence 2: for example, with O = 100 and V = 5000, the size of T 1, T 2 is O(1014) bytes and the size of X, Y is O(1015) bytes.
Relationship: neutral