sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If the jobs are executed in the context of the server process, there will be two issues: 1) fewer jobs could run simultaneously due to limited resources in a server process causing significant penalty in scalability and 2) the user application could directly impact the Oozie server performance.
Sentence 2: in Oozie, we opted to execute actual jobs on launcher machines that are managed by Hadoop.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The design point for the Jikes concurrent collector was for one collector CPU to be able to handle 3 mutator CPU s, so that for four-processor chip multiprocessors one CPU would be dedicated to collection.
Sentence 2: when comparing to the Jikes concurrent col- Throughpput ratio: Sliding views/Jikes concurrent 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 lector in this subsection, we also let the collector run on a separate spare processor and the results show mainly the ability of the con­current collector to run concurrently without interfering with mu­tators work.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Hence, in order to come to a reasonable conclusion on what a translation should look like and what language features of the target language should be used, guidelines must be found that help to determine under which circumstances one mapping is considered better than another.
Sentence 2: in the following, we discuss a couple of sample JPDDs with corresponding alternative language mappings, and we elucidate why we consider the one mapping better than the other.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The coe.cient matrix can be any sub-matrix including minor of G. It is well known that in order to get a numerically good solution, the coe.­cient matrix has to be well conditioned.
Sentence 2: in order to be able to recover from all erasure patterns, the genera­tor matrix G has to satisfy any square sub-matrix including minor of G have to be well conditioned.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Sources of inaccuracy When a program is deterministic, a program s work and span asdetermined by a serial run equal those of parallel runs, moduloscheduling overheads, caching effects, and the like.
Sentence 2: cilkview can collect the work and span information during a serialexecution and infer that the work and span will not change sub­stantially during a parallel run, except for these overheads, whichcan be shown to be minimal if the application contains suf.cient parallelism [5].
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Neces­sarily the quality of an identi.er name is related to the con­text in which it is found, particularly where identi.er names are chained as in object oriented languages.
Sentence 2: we pro­pose to develop a metalanguage to describe identi.ers in situ and their relationships with other adjacent identi.ers and programming language elements, such as operators.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This can be simply implemented with an array mapping method id of secondary methods to the correspond­ing delegate.
Sentence 2: the primary methods contain the following jump_to_ext code (where FlexSwitchCase is the type of delegates for secondary methods): // jump _to _ext FlexSwitchCase meth = method _map[methodid]; blockid = meth(blockid , ...); // execute the method goto dispatch_block ; Each secondary method returns the block id of the next block to be executed; therefore, after the secondary method has returned, the dispatcher of the primary method will be executed again to jump to the correct next block.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: n(x) : 2, where n(x) is the cardinality of x, and P(O) is the power set of set O. p is a partial mapping p : N P -P(O), where N P = {O = R = X} is the set of non-property types A method is a set of techniques.
Sentence 2: for Rossi and Brinkkemper [23] the model of a method M is .
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Stepopositive  Stadd ep1  ///////  Step2coin t Figure2:Snapshotofaomputationofterm thislassforeahappropriatetypeofterm.However,thisis inonfitwiththefatthataordingtothefrstpriniple ofourimplementation,atermisamutableobjet.InJava, thelassofanobjetannothangeduringexeution.
Sentence 2: weimplementatermasabridgepattern.A termdelegatesitsfuntionalitytoarepresentation.Dif­ferenttypes,suhasuser­defnedtypes,builtintypes,and variablesarerepresenteddiferently.Alltherepresentations provideaommonfuntionality.Therepresentationofa termobjetanhangeatrun­timeandthusprovidemuta­bilityofbothvalueandbehaviorasrequiredbytheimple­mentation.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To build f, we asso­ciate habort to each aborting and init request; to every committed request r, we associate the pre.x of habort up to r. It is straight­forward to check that the resulting mapping veri.es the Abstract properties.
Sentence 2: we have veri.ed the safely composable properties in each case, and therefore module A1 is a safely composable implementa­tion of test-and-set under V and M.  6.2 The Wait-Free Module The wait-free module A2, whose pseudocode is given in Algo­rithm 2, uses a hardware test-and-set T , whose value is initially 0.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Note that this bound counts cache misses, each transferring lines of size L, hence the additional factor of L in the equation.
Sentence 2: for some constant A and su.ciently large n,the time spent moving data between main memory and the pro­cessor is n 2 A × n(max(logZ n, 1.0)) Tmem 3 ×· , (2)Pßmem where ßmem is the node s memory bandwidth in words per unit time.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: AugIR The Conceptual Design and Evaluation of an Augmented Interaction Room Markus Kleffmann University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany markus.kleffmann@paluno.uni-due.de ABSTRACT It is often di.cult for stakeholders with heterogeneous back­grounds to maintain a common understanding of the most important risk and value drivers of a complex software project.
Sentence 2: i propose the concept of a so-called Augmented Interaction Room, i.e.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We do that as follows: abelian class (*,^)  Dimension This> implements* DimensionI {...} Our instance classes of Dimension now need to instantiate this parameter with themselves: Dimension Length {...} Dimension Time {...} The tight bound on parameter This ensures that each in­stance class of Dimension must instantiate This with itself.
Sentence 2: it is straightforward to introduce syntactic sugar that implicitly includes a type parameter This on every class of kind class* or abelian class and on every class that in­cludes an extends* or implements* clause.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Let each server consume energy E. Energy consumed by group i, Ei is given by, Ei = ni × E (2) Energy consumed by group j, Ej is given by, Ej = nj × E (3) When the proposed solution is not applied, there is no rescheduling ofthe requestsbased on energy cost.
Sentence 2: total cost of operation across all groups, Ctotal is given by, Ctotal =(niCi + njCj) (4) As group j is the receiver chosen, operating cost of group jis lower than that ofgroup i, i.e., Ci >Cj.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, querying any interface in a connected component for an IUnknown interface need not always yield the same interface as a result, violating the IUnknown property of COM components.
Sentence 2: we enforce statically the COM conformance of com­ponents in our type system, by identifying a speci.c interface as the of.cial entry point into the component.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As demonstrated in our previous work [25], assigning the Unit Im­age Rendering service of this application to a processing node N1 can adjust both the parameters error tolerance and image size to larger values, which leads to more application bene.t within 20-minute time limit, than executing it on node N2.
Sentence 2: in a reliable computing en­vironment, an effective resource allocation scheme is critical in achiev­ing the maximum bene.t within the time interval.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The una algorithm, however, will generate the following sequence of points: 00000 , , , , ,... 10101 According to theorem 1 a feasible solution cannot be found, since una will end up in a loop just examining the two points () () 0 and 0 .
Sentence 2: una is also incapable of 10 .nding mixed integer solutions.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Democratizing the writing of scienti.c adaptation func­tionality: By exposing the adaptation functionality as standard AOP code, our approach increases the pop­ulation of programmers who can write and maintain such code.
Sentence 2: while adapting scienti.c applications still requires expertisein the scienti.cdomain athand, implementing the functionality no longer requires in­timate knowledge of the intricacies of Fortran.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A toolchain depicted in Figure 11 consists of three tools: AlloyAnalyzer,RAEandRASS.Wehave enhanced the con­straint editor in RAE to support the transformation from RCL2000 to Alloy.
Sentence 2: the policy designers are able to specify RBAC constraints with RCL2000, and then convert RCL2000-based constraints to Alloy expressions in RAE.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The checksum code computes a .ngerprint of the veri.cation function, i.e., if even a single byte of the veri.cation function code is different, the checksum will be dif­ferent with a high probability.
Sentence 2: a correct checksum provides a guarantee to the dispatcher that the veri.cation function code is unmodi.ed.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We assume by induction that by time ck log2 k2kl, every processor has identi.ed each good predecessor in Pl so that by this time, it has identi.ed the more than 5k/6 processors in the core of C which have sent it messages upon completion of the election.
Sentence 2: when a processor hears from5k/6 processors, at least2k/3 messages are from processors in the core.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This is a direct consequence of TAWD s workload-skewing nature and the possible underestimation of the arrival rate .m.
Sentence 2: the dispatching algorithm is con.gured so that, as long as the ob­served arrival rate is less than the estimated arrival rate (meaning that TAWD does not overload thermally e.cient servers), the dis­patcher can dispatch jobs according to the TAWD policy, otherwise it dispatches jobs according to LB (UPONJOBARRIVAL in Alg.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As we have seen, in a higher-order aspect language, an advice is a function that receives, amongst other ar­guments, a proceed function used to either call the next advice, or to run the original computation, if it is the last advice in the chain.
Sentence 2: simply shifting the execution level of one advice implies 6The idea of level-capturing functions is directly inspired by the re.ective language Blond [7], which supports two different kinds of re.ective procedures (more on this in Section 7).
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Time to Each Bug Find and Fix Spreadsheet debugging is often a time-sensitive activity, whether a trained accountant does it [21] or a young clerk as was the case in the Lehman-Barclays mix-up.
Sentence 2: another important measure of debugging success in addition to the number of bugs found and fixed is how long it took participants to find and fix those bugs.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 6.2 Effectiveness of the ArchDefault tool Using ArchDefault in the beginning helped the extractor start with fewer warnings to manually resolve, then reach an acceptable level of warnings more quickly, in order to extract initial OOGs then re.ne the OOG with the main­tainer.
Sentence 2: it was possible to use a tool to propagate many of the annotations automatically.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However, all of the states created in the loop at line 8 during the same iteration of the outer loop differ only in ''' '' ' ),c)+ ß ·q(e,c)+ c(e,e) instr(e ' )= if(e) goto e ·q(succ(e instr(e ' )= halt ' ),c) otherwise 0 q(succ(e .. the value of the temporary variable i, which is never used again in the program.
Sentence 2: merging these states does not increase the cost of subsequent feasibility checks, yet it cuts the number of states after the outer loop down to the number of states before the loop (2 in our example).
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The quali.ed types of Foster (2002) en­ compass a variety of .ow-sensitive, invaluable properties: Zero or more quali.ers, under a partial order (reminiscent of datasort re­.nements), may appear with a type.
Sentence 2: foster s quali.ed type anno­tations are of two forms: annot(e, Q), which adds the quali.er Q to the type inferred for e (a kind of cast), and check(e, Q), which directs the system to check that Q is among the quali.ers of the type inferred for e. as with dimensions in our system, quali.ed types are based on annotations provided by the user and cannot be checked at runtime.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Apparently, dreq and dbm are independent, and their average values are both t/2 if the packet rate is invariable.
Sentence 2: the total average latency for a packet transmitted in one hop T1hop can be approximately computed as d d t+ - d+3 =3 / 2 +d , where + dt 3 bm req ( req )EED EED is the average end-to-end delay between nodes.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Either from the properties or from the state machine modelling the web service, QuickCheck derives the speci.c test cases, and then, using an HTTP adaptor (gener­ated from the WSDL speci.cation), we feed the SUT.
Sentence 2: using our framework, the testers do not need to know any speci.c details about web services implementation languages.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Such poly­morphic let-generators are hardly ever used in practice, and experi­ence suggests that there is almost always an obvious way to rewrite the required polymorphic bindings using an explicit let-expression, avoiding the whole problem.
Sentence 2: we believe that the sim­plicity of this design far outweighs any generality that might be obtained by more complicated translation schemas.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The four subprocesses described in section 2 can all be identified as loops in the DFG shown in Figure 2, but the nature of their interactions with each other is hard to determine precisely.
Sentence 2: for example, the DFG suggests that many different instances of Revised Data can be generated by executing this process, but the diagram makes it hard to determine whether or not the scientist may wish to restrict which selection criteria are to be applied to which Revised Data under which circumstances.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We will try to move d...c ' to the point right before a1, respecting intra­thread order.Ifthe moveis successfulit violatesthe minimality of tr ' ,hencethe movemustbeillegalbecauseit violates some property of CR or of the de.nition of a trace.
Sentence 2: the move mustbeillegalfor either of the usual two reasons: 1.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Instruction packing with an IRF is limited in the number of RISA instructions available from a single MISA instruction that is fetched from memory.
Sentence 2: there is an approximate lower bound of 21.5% for fetching with an IRF as at least 1 out of every 5 instructions (assuming all tight packs) must be MISA.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Consider the following erroneous let term: (let ([a 1][2 b]) (* ab)) The named-let clause fails at the second sub-term with the progress string REST · FIRST: (let ([a 1][2 b]) (* ab)) The normal-let clause, however, fails deeper within the second argument, at REST · FIRST · REST · FIRST · FIRST: (let ([a 1][ 2 b]) (* ab)) This second sequence denotes strictly more progress than REST · FIRST.
Sentence 2: the second failure is selected, and the macro reports that it expected an identi.er in place of 2.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In particular, in relation to the digital economy therefore seeks to "develop an ecosystem that contributes to a prosperous Mexico, through assimilation of ICT in economic processes, to stimulate productivity growth, economic growth and formal job creation".1 Within the framework of the secondary objectives of the digital economy is projected to develop the market for digital goods and services; promote the development of e-commerce; stimulate innovation in digital services; and ensure financial inclusion through mobile banking.
Sentence 2: on the lines of action of these objectives is considered to encourage innovation and competitiveness of micro, small and medium enterprises through the adoption and use of ICT.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Having done all steps recommended in the guidelines would undoubtedly mean that more papers would be included and if the searches being perfect they would end up with exactly the same set of pa­pers.
Sentence 2: we wanted to compare the .rst steps in the di.erent guidelines, since it is reasonable to be­lievethatif theseproduce similar enough results,then alarger sample ofpapers wouldjustincreasethe sim­ilarity.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: JavaFX has adopted a radically di.erent strategy for de.ning bindings: rather that proposing a bunch of binding artifacts, such as with Flex or WPF, JavaFX introduces new language keywords dedicated to the def­inition of bindings [10].
Sentence 2: javaFX bind­ ings are clearer than that of Flex or WPF since they are based on very few constructs, while Flex and WPF bindings use many di.erent artifacts that often require low level ad hoc programming.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 5.3.1 Performance The main purpose of these experiments is to evaluate the performance of our scheduler governor in comparison to the ondemand and the performance governor for di.erent de­grees of parallelism.
Sentence 2: for each of the four possible con.gurations (two machines with two timer tick con.gu­rations each) we executed a series of experiments with a growing degree of parallelism up to 1.5 times the number of cores.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Therefore, one of the main challenges is the partitioning of the heterogeneous platform resources between the applications in a way such that the different objectives are optimized while ful.lling the requirements, involving a dynamic resource allocation problem.
Sentence 2: assigning resources to applications is a multi-objective optimization problem, commonly handled by optimization techniques at design-time [1] for obtaining highly optimized design points.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Objects must be added one-by-one by using one of the following methods: boolean add(object o) void add(int index, object o) This design forces the caller to add objects individually even if all objects to be placed into the vector are known at the time of the construction of the vector.
Sentence 2: the cognoscenti will argue that the Vecto r class provides constructors and methods of the following form: vector(Collection c) boolean addAll(Collection c) boolean addAll(int index, Collection c) it appears that a Vecto r can be initialized or extended by using a Col 1 ect i on so that one-by-one addition is not required.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To collect these traces, we ran 1000 DHT nodes with randomly-chosen IDs, and logged all DHT put messages routed to our nodes.
Sentence 2: our traces show all downloads for those .les whose identi.ers are close to Figure4: Decentralized optimization, contentplace­ment scheme and uniform-slot policy, under param­eters C =1000,D = 10,B =1000,U =3,M =4.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: It shows that MPEG-4 has higher end-to-end delay for most of the frames (average = 0.4428 sec) because it generates larger frames which require more time to transmit through UDP packets on the network.
Sentence 2: h.264 is more efficient as it gives lesser end­to-end delay for most of the frames (average = 0.0659 sec).
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If the outcomes of the two runs are not coherent with each other, then we can be sure that some erroneous behavior occurred.
Sentence 2: this happens, for instance, if the second run needs to recover a diskthatwas successfullyrecoveredinthe .rstrun.we can checkforinconsistentbehaviorsby runningthe checker twicein succession and comparingthe two results.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The main issue in combining Zyzzyva s speculation with Aardvark s robustness is that Zyzzyva relies on clients to trigger slow-path processing when responses from replicas don t match, but Aardvark warns against allowing poten­tially faulty nodes to unilaterally drive the system to expen­sive execution paths.
Sentence 2: instead of relying on clients to trigger full agreement among replicas as in Zyzzyva, Up­Right s agreement protocol discovers and corrects divergence among replicas when the order nodes communicate to check­point their state.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Existing research approaches address flexible thread allocation per SMP node for a single application [13][14], whereas we coschedule multiple jobs on the same nodes / CPUs.
Sentence 2: our main new contributions are: Unified framework for scheduling under different types of resource sharing: space sharing, standard time-sharing, and node / CPU hyper sharing  Support of a new resource-reservation type  Option of trading time vs. space by time/space adaptation  Each local machine consists of a number of SMP nodes Each SMP node has several CPUs Each CPU may be hyper-threaded (2 logical CPUs L0 and L1)  Figure 1.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 2 Partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología under TIN 2011-24747.  the best encoding we know of produces an exponential blowup in the size of the boolean formulas.
Sentence 2: such an exponential cost in the reduction would defeat the purpose of using a SAT solver, since the bottleneck would be the reduction itself.
Relationship: reasoning
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The metrics of each VM are aggregated by the vgpolicy to construct the top level or node level metrics (nMPC, nIPC, nutil) as shown in Figure 3.
Sentence 2: the knowledge of both the node level and VM level metrics allow the vgpolicy to understand not only the overall power and performance pro.le of the whole vgnode,but also .ne grained knowhow of the breakdown at VM level.
Relationship: reasoning