sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Automatic Support for Testing Web-Based Enterprise Applications Arturo Sanchez Brandon Vega University of North University of North Florida Florida CIS Department CIS Department 4567 St Johns Bluff Rd S 4567 St Johns Bluff Rd S Jacksonville, FL 32224 Jacksonville, FL 32224 +1-904-620-1314 +1-904-620-1314 asanchez@unf.edu vegb0001@unf.edu ABSTRACT In this paper we consider the problem of automatically generating test suites associated with web-based enterprise systems.
Sentence 2: the Eclipse Platform architecture is comprised of several layers.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: INTRODUCTION Software engineering educators face many challenges in delivering the course materials as well as in providing the students with the required skills.
Sentence 2: in this project, the students were asked to contact the registration office of the computer technology department at the Riyadh College of Technology to understand the problem they face in preparing the students' schedules, distributing courses on the faculty members, and assigning the courses' sections to the classrooms.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Good stories make us want to know what happens Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
Sentence 2: the requirement documents are often incomplete and a lot of information (assumptions as well as some real facts) is left implicit and does not get explicitly stated.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The labels usedby ADAS allowto re.ne this informationby recording on every edge the .elds of variable def (st1 ) which get de.ned in st1 and may be used in st2.
Sentence 2: an ef.cient and precise way for handlinglarge aggregate structurevariablesis requiredto obtain a useful customization-changes impact analysis.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [5] Bracha, G., Odersky, M., Stoutamire, D., and Wadler, P. Making the future safe for the past: Adding Genericity to the Java programming language.
Sentence 2: where these propos­als di.er from earlier programming language encapsulation and module systems is that they restrict access to objects at runtime: that is, they constrain values of pointers or ref­erences to objects in object-oriented systems, rather than merely accesses to .eld and method names.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However, the main challenge of this approach is that the code implementing the desired concept often involves multiple classes, and may Krzysztof Czarnecki Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Canada czarnecki@acm.org be scattered across and tangled with code implementing other concepts.
Sentence 2: the purpose of this step is to .nd and mark other interactions that might be relevant to the implementation of the desired concept and happen either be­fore or after invoking it.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The Open Source Unladen Swallow (Python) [44], Rubinius (Ruby) [30], and Tamarin with LLVM [36] projects also used similar approaches, using the Open Source LLVM compiler infrastructure [21] as an optimizer and native code generator.
Sentence 2: as the interpreter written in RPy­thon runs, traces of the IR to which RPython is translated are col­lected and compiled.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: sl =d, [n~: Ca2, a~)] a2 =~ [n~: (~, as); 1; {it1,1, {b}, 0, 2)}] a3 =~f [,~s: (a6, aT); 1; {it2,1, {a},.
Sentence 2: it considers hierarchy and con- currency.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: From these experiments, we can conjecture that the performance di.erence between PPM-FTL and Janus-FTL is mainly due to the capability of Janus-FTL to adapt to the evolving workload.
Sentence 2: hence, the Defusion cost can be derived as follows: CDefusion = NP · CCP + CE + u · NP · CPW (3)  4.2 Existence of PMA Optimal Utilization Using the above equations, we can derive the overall write cost model of Janus-FTL that shows the existence of the optimal utilization for a given workload.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Vi- sual modeling is slowly becoming a common practice for software developers, so the hope is that practitioners will be comfortable with using visual models to design their soft- ware.
Sentence 2: :iiii-:iiii !i ii :.~............... l l=i.l ~ i ~.,.~........... ~ .... i i I 1: ser_v_er.O).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [16] P. Raipin Parv´edy, M. Raynal, and C. Travers.
Sentence 2: [1, 7, 8] claim to prove explicitly that no k-set consensus protocol can always decide by time k f + 1 (also contradicting [3] and Opt0 even when k = 1).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: C) Working with both the communication graph and the system topology graph The problem is modeled as graph mapping problem: Given a graph G with costs as edge weights and an­other graph T also with costs as edge weights, map the vertices of G to the graph T with equal size such that the value of a cost function F is minimized.
Sentence 2: mPICH VMI requires users to provide the topology information of the target machine.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If there is a portion of code that has never been exercised, then there is a high possibility that it could contain an error that will remain undetected; or it identi.es dead code that is a not correct implementation of the speci.cations.
Sentence 2: [20] Y. Lahbib, O. Missaoui, M. Hechkel, D. Lahbib, B. Mohamed-Yosri, and R. Tourki.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The instruction in line 2 is setting a condition code register (IC) by comparing the values of the contents of registers r[2]and r[3].
Sentence 2: some of the ARM CISC instructions, which include both the existing [ld/st]m instruction and the newly added [l/s]cfd instruction, can take mul­tiple micro-ops.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.5 [Software Engineering]: Testing and Debugging; D.2.2 [Software Engineering]: Design Tools and Tech­niques  Keywords Value in.uence, Message Passing Interface (MPI), dynamic instrumentation 1.
Sentence 2: the analysis is performed as the application runs, and is done by observing how values are used in the compu­tation as opposed to reasoning about how they must have been used in the computation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: ShaRE: Run-time System for High-performance Virtualized Routers.
Sentence 2: numCores(R) = R/Rdep1 Given the worst case arrival rate, Rworst , this gives the maximum number of cores needed for a stage as: NumCores(Rworst) = Rworst / Rdep1 this puts the system in the worst case provisioned state and as we discussed earlier the system typically does not experience worst case arrival rates all the time.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: While the aforementioned theory is true for Istanbul , it does not hold for Agena where the ondemand and scheduler go­vernor yield comparable energy values that are even better than those of the powersave governor.
Sentence 2: its use on this platform does not make senseforfour reasons:First,ourCore2QuadQ9400 featu­res a Low frequency of2GHzthatisnot signi.cantlylower than the High frequency of 2.66GHz.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: All the complex­ity ishiddenfrom theend-userwithin theI/Onoderamdisk startup scripts and a replacement compute node libc.From an end-user s perspective, the differences are limited to the .nal linking stage of theapplication(replacement libc mustbe used), andpossibly also tojob submission(aZOID-enabledkernelpro.leneeds tobe selected, if it isnot thedefault).
Sentence 2: the collective network does have links that join the individual psets, so traf.c could in principle be rerouted to an alternativeI/Onodeifnecessary.Addingfault tolerance toI/Ofor­warding wouldrequirechanges tomanyBlueGenesoftwarecom­ponents, including the monitoring system, which currently forces an immediate termination ofthe complete jobif it loses connection toany of theassociatedI/Odaemons.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: There are many (intentional) false pos­itives using the PERS system as patients are expected 3This was the ideal number for this particular alarm central, other centrals might prefer up to 10 persons.
Sentence 2: this methodhassomedisadvantagesascontactsarenotalways available or are too far away to quickly reach the patient after a fall.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: According to the GlobeSmart tool [8], a task orientation is one in which people move quickly into topics, value reaching objectives in a timely manner, and express disagreement more directly.
Sentence 2: i looked to the transcripts and questionnaire responses to evaluate how these teams were communicating and see if there were notable differences in task-versus relationship­focus between teams that scored well and those that did not score well.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In practice, NDL NRB , and NDL are .xed once the RB , sc symb system is con.gured.
Sentence 2: for example, on a DSP processor, the CRC attachment in Figure 2, is commonly implemented asaCfunction that simply takes a pointer to a bit array and the size of the array as inputs, which is conceptually equivalent to a vector structure.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Here .-1 is the mean epoch length .i(d2+µ2) i ii of node i. di and µ 2 are the mean and variance of node i s i speed.
Sentence 2: because of the high complexity involved in modeling a re­alistic wireless environment, many previous studies assume a constant network bandwidth in analyzing the streaming performance between two mobile ad-hoc peers.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Therefore, the case argument should be evaluated to head normal form i.e., a variable or an expression with a constructor at the outermost position.
Sentence 2: similarly to the heap, we use G[r .e] either as a condition on a graph G or as a modi.cation of G. A brief explanation for each rule of the semantics follows: (varcons and varexp) Since these rules are used to perform a variable lookup in the heap, a new variable pointer for x is added to the graph if it does not yet contain such a pointer to denote that the value of x is needed in the computation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The interface is memory­safe in almost all circumstances; the only possible safety violations are ones that occur via abuse of a device DMA controller.
Sentence 2: va ::: ValidVAddr / True{validMemB mr off} ==> Independent {setMemB mr off} {getMemB mr off} {setPage pm va} {getPage pm va} we cannot expect a general property asserting inde­pendence of memory-mapped and programmed I/O operations, as many devices support both, with complex, intertwined semantics.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.9 [Software Engineering]: Management Model Com­parison and Versioning, SCM  General Terms MANAGEMENT  Keywords SCM, con.guration management, versioning, operation-based, uni.ed model 1.
Sentence 2: inter­model links connect model elements of di.erent models.A link from a use case in the use case model to an open issue in the issue model is an inter-model link.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 4.5 Achieving Strong Software Independence Currently our audit mechanism achieves strong software independence (refer to De.nition 2) with respect to the vot­ ing system software only to a certain degree.
Sentence 2: wehaveimplemented a prototype using the Diebold Accuvote TS DRE voting software and the XEN hypervisor and demonstrate that our system can achieve a robust election audit with negligible overhead.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Similarly, convert-assigned was 55 lines and is now 20 lines.
Sentence 2: #[if.L2 #[primapp.L2 #[var.L2 not] (e1 #f expr.L2 process-expr)] (e2 #f expr.L2 process-expr) (e3 #f expr.L2 process-expr)]  By comparing this record with the if alternative in the de.nition of L2, we see that the .rst subpattern imposes a constraint on the input, since primapp is a subtype of expr.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Applications on Android canbe either written usingAndroidSDKinjava which will run in isolation in Dalvik VM, or written in native C/C++ compiled using the arm compiler which will run outside Dalvik, or written in both using Google s Native Develop­ment Kit (NDK).
Sentence 2: lR performs well for the applications that do not have dominant tail power patterns, but the estimation error varies between 3.5% to 20.3% for the rest, including diskB,pviewer,youtube,facebook, anddropbear.These re­sults show system-call-basedpower modelingis not onlyfar moreaccuratein .ne-grainedenergyestimation,butcan also signi.cantlyimprove the accuracy of whole-application en­ergy estimation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For in­stance, at a high level of classi.cation, mathematical-based languages are said to bring more details into speci.cations, tend to eliminate errors and ambiguities in requirements but, need more e.ort to read and understand and hence, are more suitable for safety critical problems.
Sentence 2: it is well known that these two cat­egories of stakeholders, initially, don t know exactly what they require and fail to express their needs clearly and un­ambiguously.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Mapping and influence on later development stages Most AORE techniques are motivated by the need to understand how aspects first manifest themselves during software develop­ment, relating the aspects to stakeholder viewpoints and under­standing how the aspects are refined or impact key architectural decisions.
Sentence 2: [17, 18] discusses a non-trivial case study but no empirical data from that study is available.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: JSR-012: Java Data Ob jects (JDO) Speci.cation, Maintenance Release,  Version 1.0.1, http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id= 12, 2004.
Sentence 2: using JAAS policy .les to de.ne appropriate permissions be­comes more complex and, therefore, error-prone with an in­creasing number of di.erent users and roles.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Evaluating the circuits from the .rst phase of the simulation reveal why this distribution is able to score the best results in terms of compromised circuits: exit guards are the relays which are most frequently used for exit relays, but due to their high bandwidth are also used for entry guard, leading to an over­all good distribution of bandwidth.
Sentence 2: denial of service or denial of security?
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Conversely, when taking into account all of the effort associated with the EAP, the fault detection rate is slightly lower than the fault detection rate using the standard fault checklist method.
Sentence 2: [7] W. Florac, Software Quality Measurement: A Framework for Counting Problems and Defect, Software Engineering Institute, Technical Report CMU/SEI-92-TR-22, 1992.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Ip(MSi , Ot , l) out out w e 10: end if 11: end for 12: end for x  OUTPUT Fout Since anti and output dependences are ignored in the above con­struction, multiple copies of the same location may exist with dif­ferent processors during the parallelization.
Sentence 2: note that the source and the target of a dependence could belong to statements that appear in different loop nests, and communication across dif­ferent parallel loop nests gets generated in this manner.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: in spinlocks) such that the condition r1 == 1 will guarantee that load m2 in Thread 1 reads the store data of m3 in Thread 2.
Sentence 2: [8] C. Blundell, M. M. Martin and T. F. Wenisch, InvisiFence: performance-transparent memory ordering in conventional multiprocessors .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For instance, the Automobile class discussed previously .lls the role of Factory because it needs to produce many object instances.
Sentence 2: 2.3 Related Work Extending automated refactoring to include the introduc­´ tion of design patterns, O Cinn´eide [9] proposed a series of refactorings called minitransformations that, when com­posed, interact to create instances of design patterns.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We describe an adaptation of Orc as an EDSL in Haskell.
Sentence 2: to take a simple example, .nding all the combinations of num­bers from 1 to 10 that add up to 11 is written in Orc as follows def Iterate(l) = l >h:t> (h | Iterate(t)) val ls = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] Iterate(ls) >x> Iterate(ls) >y> if(x+y = 10) >> (x,y) Note the use of pattern matching in the midst of the sequential combinator to separate the head and tail of the list.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since you are proceeding in a Step by Step fashion and learning about the change initiative and the organization as you go, this will provide a learning opportunity for everyone concerned.
Sentence 2: the president of the United States, Barack Obama, attempted to debunk the more outrages myths in his weekly address titled Myths and Morality in Health Insurance Reform 7 In addition, web sites such as the following attempted to explain the truths behind the myths: http://harryreid.com/content/reform­myths/ Simon, a scientist at the National Climatic Data Center, was concerned with the compelling, yet inaccurate, climate change information distributed by less than credible people and organizations.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: An alternative approach was that of Knuth [12], who, rather than examining faults, directly analyzed the errors (in the IEEE sense of the word) found or reported in ten years of development of his well-known typesetting software, TEX into nine categories (Knuth also recorded seven categories of enhancements ).
Sentence 2: the proportions for Class .eld related (CF) .xes were somewhat outside their ranges, and large di.erences were found in the Method call related (MC), Assignment related (AS) and Method Declaration re­lated (MD) groups, with 12.4%, 0.9% and 34.3% respectively in our results, with 21.9-22.9%,6.3-14.2% and 8.1-22.7% re­spectively in theirs.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Table 4 gives a tabular descrip­tion of the re-factored concurrency model (Figure 7) showing the di.erent parameters required to perform schedulability analysis.
Sentence 2: repTi Ti.Minitial C ostdeployment = 1 - (4) RepTi Ti.Mref actored The formula expressing this Cost is given in expression 4.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The TAU overhead for each method is different and is influenced by the time spent looking up the mapping table, string operations that depend upon the length of a method name, load on the system, and other plat- form specific parameters.
Sentence 2: each event record has a timestamp, loca- tion information (node, thread) as well as event specific data (such as message size, and tags).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Moreover, Hofstede also uses another framework to assess the differences among organizational cultures that are located in the mental programmes of all members of the organization [25] and where sub­cultures are found within an organization [26].
Sentence 2: figure 4: Communication between two human actors [8] During the SDLC, the software engineer interacts with the modelled object via various techniques and methods; these techniques and methods are the main tools of a software engineer.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Open Data Kit Sensors: A Sensor Integration Framework for Android at the Application-Level Waylon Brunette, Rita Sodt, Rohit Chaudhri, Mayank Goel, Michael Falcone, Jaylen VanOrden, Gaetano Borriello Department of Computer Science &#38; Engineering University of Washington Box 352350 Seattle, WA 98195-2350 {wrb, rsodt, rohitc, mayank, mfalcone, dutchsct, gaetano}@cse.uw.edu ABSTRACT Smartphones can now connect to a variety of external sensors over wired and wireless channels.
Sentence 2: on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, 315-330, June 2010.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.4 A New Loop Nesting Forest Our goal is to explore the use of loop nesting forests in solving the two problems of computing iterated dominance frontiers and con­structing the dominator tree.
Sentence 2: the approach we take is to generalize simple algorithms that work for acyclic graphs by showing how a problem instance involving an arbitrary graph can be transformed into an equivalent problem instance over an acyclic graph, given any minimal loop nesting forest for the graph.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: TH1(Th-1) TH2(Th-1) ... i ii THc(Tih-1) 6: end for 7: return MHpr {CTH(Th-1),...,CTH(Th-1)} 1 n 8: else if h =1 then 9: L .
Sentence 2: they present a good starting point for experimenting with di.erent approaches.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: With respect to this example, the source of the EReference Publication.kind is represented in the LHS MM by means of the EClass Publication and the target of the EReference by means of the EAttribute Publication.kind.
Sentence 2: a simple example in this respect is that in one MM two EAttributes firstName and lastName are used whereas in the other MM this information is contained in just one EAttribute name.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Let Si be the sort S in De.nition 6 for Xmodule M with xid(M)= i.
Sentence 2: consider the path of transactions Y0,Y1,...Yk, where Y0 = xparent(v), for each 0 < i < k, we have xparent(Yi)= Yi+1, and xparent(Yk)= T .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Atthe coreofoursolutionisadedicatedprogrammingmodeland languagecalledConesC.Thela.erextendsthenesC[2] languageforsensornetworkswithCOPconstructs.
Sentence 2: whenevera potentiallyharmfulconditionisdetected,thesensors increasethemonitoringratetoobtainfiner-grained information.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 4.2 Methodology The study will be conducted following principles of the Quality Improvement Paradigm (QIP) [3], which is, in general lines, a cyclical process for planning organizational improvement on the basis of: understanding the current baseline, setting quantifiable goals for improvement, choosing development processes to meet those goals, measuring whether the goals are met, and abstracting lessons learned about the conditions that led to success or failure.
Sentence 2: the println command will be skipped by the algorithm as well as any other non necessary information.
Relationship: neutral