sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As it would take too long to execute all simulations in a desk­top computer, we used the OurGrid itself to access hundreds of machines in different administrative domains and run the simula­tions much quicker.
Sentence 2: in particular, the consumer cannot trust the powerp (t,t) informed by the provider of P. it is unlikely that such a perfect accounting scheme can be built, unless some restrictions are imposed.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 4.3 Function composition Inthis section, we evaluatefunction composition operationsforthe differentfunction types.None ofthe usedlibrariesprovides afunc­tion composition operation, therefore we have to implement it for all approaches.
Sentence 2: it compares the function concept and the major function datatypesby empirically evaluating theirperformance, expres­sivity, and convenience(see table 1).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Here, nodes(i,t) denotes the number of computing nodes ACM 978-1-60558-888-9/10/07.
Sentence 2: 2.2 Dynamic Pricing Recently, Amazon started o.ering spot market pricing, where customersbid thepricethey want onunusedAmazon EC2 capacity, and the price tag re.ects the current supply and demand.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Under these conditions, maximizing f(Z) n could be represented as a search problem in which the solution space is represented by the vector Z, under two constraints: .rst, their total budget should not 1 exceed the total, i.e., zi = k × b, and, second, it should be zi.Z feasible to .nd a schedule in which those n jobs can be run on k CPUs/cores within b minutes.
Sentence 2: this simple strategy may not yield optimal results.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Inspiteof themany advantagesof theIndemicsplatform, the use of this tool was not as widespread in our research group as expected.
Sentence 2: the area of integrated simulations for gaming, navigation, incident management, transportation systems and so on that require the capabilityto support mul­tiple userinteractionsbased on a number ofdynamicparam­eters,haspickedupwide interest inthecommunity.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The formula for computing n and the number of bytes before the .rst item bi is: (bytes per .exipage - bytes per header) * 8 n = 1 + (bytes per item * 8) I l bytes per header + .
Sentence 2: finally, during GC, any thread that may use or modify any items in any regions being collected must be stopped for the duration of the GC.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Figure 2: The .gures show the results of three dif­ferent topology control algorithms being performed on the original topology (upper left): the XTC al­gorithm (upper right), the LISE algorithm (lower left), and .nally the API algorithm (lower right).
Sentence 2: the only way to guarantee low interference is to de.ne how to measure it and design an algorithm that explicitly reduces interference.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: H |= S : HI  2.2 Canonical Decomposition In this section, we describe how to express a points-to graph H as the union of a set of points-to graphs H1,...,Hk where in each Hi, every abstract location points to at most one location.
Sentence 2: observe that Figure 1 encodes all possible updates to *p precisely: this summary indi­cates that *p has value 3 under constraint *a = *b .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For .xed get, it can be impossible to provide a put-function ful.lling I equation (2) for every choice of s and vI, simply because vmay not even be in the range of get.
Sentence 2: there is much to explore here, including the issue of which technique(s) to use for program inversion (possibly using IP as a subservice along the lines of Section 4.1), and then foregoing the opportunity to use the IP system as a black box whether mechanisms built into Igor-II as part of the way function calls are introduced already provide an alternative to program inversion for generating I/O pairs for put from condition (2).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If MIT is interpreted in the same way as the period T, then the two types of schedulable objects can be assigned priorities using the rate monotonic priority assignment in both cases.
Sentence 2: using the raw aJile API can be error prone, when there are many periodic threads with different periods, because nothing checks whether the setup conditions in Section 4.1.1 are satisfied; the programmer has to define all the setup constants manually, and then each periodic thread is made periodic with the right constants by calling the makePeriodic method, and finally the piano roll has to be setup with the right constants in its constructor.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To demonstrate how communication among individual peers work and how hashes are employed consider the P2P­system in .gure 1 where Bob wants to share some data and Alice wants to download that data.
Sentence 2: iNTRODUCTION Peer-To-Peer-systems (P2P) handle large quantities of data without relying on centralized client server based sce­narios [10], but instead use resources from all participating network nodes, the peers.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.4 Storage Allocation Conventional code generation during compilation for a CPU target must consider low-level architectural storage is­ Source Opcode Stop Field Field Comment 0 tmp := 0 0 0 0 tmpinlocation0 1 if<x 1 0 -:3 else block at line -: after starts at line 3 2 tmp1 := 1 0 1 1 tmp1 in location 1 3 tmp2 := 1 0 1 2 tmp2 in location 2 Table 4: Example SDLSP Using E.cient Instruc­tions for Figure 2 Program.
Sentence 2: moving from a pure ASC to an implementation including a LSP or CS is signi.cant, due to the space overheads of the CPU or LSP (ie.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Ordinal regression was applied because regression-based techniques were the most commonly reported techniques in the existing literature [12, 13].
Sentence 2: dependent and Independent Variables Variable Description Maint Maintainability CorrEntDef Correct definition of entities Normalize Normalization of Database(DB) schema DBFeatures Optimal use of DB features DBEngine Choice of DB Engine DataTypes Choice of data types used in the DB SWDesign Good software design DBDesign Good DB design CustApp Customisable and parameterized application TieredApp Tiered or layered application CodeQual Quality (optimal) code DocQual Quality documentation UStndApp Understandability of application UTest Unit testing DesignRev Design reviews b/w team and with client CodeInsp Code inspection; formal and peer reviews QA Strong emphasis on quality assurance Reqs Strong emphasis on requirements phase ForeseeChng Ability to foresee changes to application ChngLogs Maintaining logs and changes to application UstndCR Understanding change request and impacts FVersion Formal versioning using a VMS Tools Development and testing tools DepEnvApp Knowledge of deployment environment Standards Following standards Pract Following practices and processes ChngPolAppDB Policies for changing application and DB ExpRes Skilled and experience human resources TeamComm Communication between different teams The data collection form had four parts.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Most of these complexi-ties are caused by non-uniform semantics of the Java language, which means that generic refactoring tools like Structural Search or Project Jackpot are unlikely to ever be able to replace custom-coded refactorings.
Sentence 2: its key component is the word index an inverted index recording the occurrences of each identifier in the source code.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We first examine static repli­cation and replicate the diluent input node three times so that the problematic mix receives higher volume (similar to using three input instructions to three different reservoirs).
Sentence 2: because the use of relative volumes combined with the destructive nature of fluid usage can result in assays running out of a fluid, relative-vol­ume operands give rise to the need for volume management.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: and let .2 be the trace formed with the remaining elements of ., in the order in which they appeared in ..
Sentence 2: for example, [30] cannot detect the race (1,4) in case ", because it requires line 3 to read the value 1 on y written by line 2, which rules out the incomplete trace 3-1-4 that can manifest the race (1,4).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The second example does not type-check because the con­.ned class my.Self inherits a non-anonymous method reveal from the class outside.Broken and the method reveal is called on a my.Self object in the get method of the class my.Ifc.The method reveal violates the typing rule T-Invk because the rule requires that all methods invoked on Expression typing: G .
Sentence 2: rule T-New prevents instantiating an object with .elds of public types by arguments of con.ned types.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The routing .exibilities of connections [[ a, a ' ]] , [[ b, b ' ]] , [[ c, c ' ]] , [[ d, d ' ]] , and [[ e, e ' ]] are 4, 1, 10, 6, and 1, respectively.
Sentence 2: we embedded this model within a simulation environment.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However, discording results have been found in the past when analysing the evolution of OSS projects: on the one hand, some studies have claimed that the OSS model can achieve evolutionary patterns not observed before in propri­etary systems [11, 12, 14, 22, 28].
Sentence 2: software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, 30(4):246 256, april 2004.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Dynamicstack.Wenowconsidertheimplementationof alinearizabledynamicstack.Inadynamicstackweassume thesizeofthestackisnotknownaheadoftimeandhence thespaceallocatedforthestackmustbecapableofgrowing dynamically.Eachtimeitgrows,wedoubletheallocated space,andtheoldstackiscopiedtothenewlargerone.
Sentence 2: [10]M.P.Herlihy.Wait-freesynchronization.ACMTrans.on ProgrammingLanguagesandSystems,13(1):123{149,Jan.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The attractive forces on the springs, and the repulsive forces between the positive charges act together to generate a drawing free of node overlaps, when the system reaches a state of equilibrium.
Sentence 2: the parent node location for Cluster1 is given by co­ordinates (x1, y1), while the parent node location for Cluster2 is given by (x2, y2).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The intended audience for wiki pages is more di.cult to determine, and some of the developers have contradicting views on the role of the wiki: For the wiki it s developers [...] that I actually have on my [chat] list or where I can put a name to a face.
Sentence 2: d5 Questions arise from the forumM2, they are reported back from customer representativesL3, they come from feedback to other parts of the documentationD4, or they come by email: I try and take every email conversation that I end up having and put it into an article.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: WhilethenumberofreferenceedgesintheTPFG arequadraticintheory,oneclassdoesnotgenerallyreferenceallotherclasses.Programsimplementamuchsimplertypehierarchy,andwe.ndthatthereferenceedgesarelinearwithrespecttothetypenodes.Thisobservationmodi.essimplyedgeimplementationconsistingofapoolofavailableedges(edge pool).Eachtimeaclass(type)isloaded,theedgepoolgrows.Additionally,theedgepoolcangrowdynamicallywheneveritrunsoutofedges.NewedgesareaddedtotheTPFG byremovingthemfromtheedgepoolandaddingthemtothelistofreferenceedgeskeptwithnodedata.WeencodeapointertotheedgelistwiththenodedatatopreventfromaddinganyextrawordstotheMMType structure.Wefurtherreducethespacerequiredforreferenceedgesbypruningthosethatdonotgrow.
Sentence 2: [5]S.M.Blackburn,R.Garner,C.Hoffman,A.M.Khan,K.S.McKinley, R.Bentzur,A.Diwan,D.Feinberg,D.Frampton,S.Z.Guyer, M.Hirzel,A.Hosking,M.Jump,H.Lee,J.E.B.Moss,D.Stefanovi´c, T.VanDrunen,D.vonDincklage,andB.Wiedermann.TheDaCapoBenchmarks:JavaBenchmarkingDevelopmentandAnalysis.In OOPSLA 06: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programing, Systems, Languages, and Applications,Portland,Oregon,USA,October2006.http://www.dacapobench.org.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: tae ing itenoo io tcl blsiefnterd ry lit o de at n ts h The aa ofpdin f releveilve l imis  iecovereltea re enaireceve Abstract .ites i l iac 1 eplans ,a ivbterai lellevettecureiharcnewhte  lsoreyht ,wittecuresihrc h t tan aheavteihg htor gen iomsbeins-stgenerattagensyse leve elttecuri s(  evee )[7],[9]anw l n smaybeimpdbypdi irov rovehrcen ntocur ta ivettprevena blmsttprevena hreparlueve,iv epro e llwod pe t dtexpece ehgeveivttrevena leves ellmittecurepiharc .
Sentence 2: an autonomous system would prepare some preventative or preparatory actions to enable recoveries in the future.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For instance, the choice of a rotated placement for proxy classes in Figure 3 ­top right, depicts the social metaphor of proxies as intermediaries laying in­between other modules while physically facing both of them.
Sentence 2: rapid Visual Design with Semantics Encoding through 3d CRC Cards 1,222 Anthony Savidis, Panagiotis Papadakos, George Zargianakis 1Institute of Computer Science, FORTH, Greece 2Department of Computer Science, University of Crete, Greece {as, papadako zargian}@ics.forth.gr Abstract Physical CRC cards (Classes Responsibilities ­Collaborators) is a well­known method for rapid software­design prototyping.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The function locals, in contrast, are captured inside the catch block; this is because the operand stack is speci.c to a particular deoptimization point while the locals are common across all deoptimization points in the function.
Sentence 2: for example, a key optimization for dy­namic languages is type specialization, which uses dynamic pro.ling to specialize code based on observed type infor­mation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [11] S. Potluri, K. Hamidouche, A. Venkatesh, D. Bureddy, and D. K. Panda.
Sentence 2: the IPC events must be created with the cudaEventInterpro­cess and cudaEventDisableTiming .ags set, in order to be shared by processes.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If, say we create an Exstatic checker for a particu­lar website (as we describe below), then update that web­site from, say, HTML 4.01 to XHTML, we could continue to use our Exstatic checker without having to re-write any of our checking routines.
Sentence 2: these checkers do not check for site-speci.c stan­dards such as breadcrumbs must come before an H1 tag , which are the focus of this paper.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Using the graph of Figure 1 (b), the ILP in Figure 5 produces the schedule depicted on Figure 6 (a), which has L = 5 .
Sentence 2: to= x(1,( ()+ 1 ·I n= 1 () MatdonI)) We focus now on devising a formal version of the resource ii .o.O, t= (II+ 1), (II+ 2, , (l+ 1 ) ... ) constraints expressed by Constraint#3 in Figure 4.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Toillustratethispoint,onsiderFigure8,whihshows exerptsofthediagnostioutputofourproofgenerator whenbugsareinsertedintothetargetodefortheeval method.
Sentence 2: intheseproofrules,aapitalizedvariableisonsideredto beuniversallyquantifed.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Usage (MB) libPNG (1.0.7 / 1.2.21)       112:34 805.19 Miniweb / Apache <25517, 19613>      2:45 934.99 Table 2: Experimental Results on two versions of libPNG, and the Miniweb web-server ability.
Sentence 2: whose dy­namic control dependencies need to be explained.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3 See http://maps.google.com/ 2.2 Key requirements of ambient applications We now present a small list of characteristics we consider essential for ambient-oriented applications.
Sentence 2: the set { sunlight, city-maps, noisy, acme-gps } is not a superset of { city-maps, gps }, since the former lacks element gps.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We want to note that this default case is in itself quite ef.cient: it was generated using as basis the Ciao virtual machine (itself an offspring of the SICStus 0.6/0.7 virtual machine) with some improvements (computed go­to/threaded bytecode, smarter instruction opcode assignment, ...) written in ImProlog which made the virtual machine faster than the stock Ciao one.
Sentence 2: the results of this process are summarized in Tables 6 (without GC time) and 7 (including GC time), where for each architecture and address space, the best and worst tag scheme combinations are shown, together with the average speedup w.r.t.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Dependently Typed Programming with Singletons Richard A. Eisenberg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA eir@cis.upenn.edu Abstract Haskell programmers have been experimenting with dependent types for at least a decade, using clever encodings that push the limits of the Haskell type system.
Sentence 2: 5.3 Interacting with the database Client code interacts with the database through an element of the type Handle: data Handle :: Schema .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Execution time of SwissTM, TinySTM and RSTM in the Lee-TM benchmark; top is memory, bottom is main circuit board input data set a slightly better performance (1% of difference).
Sentence 2: pure write/write con­ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Threads Figure 7.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To break circular dependences, the user must select operations to be discarded and removed from the se­quence of operations that are replayed during merging.
Sentence 2: more advanced semantic-based merge algo­rithms [3, 17, 33] detect behavioral con.icts using depen­dency graphs, program slicing, and denotational semantics.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, suppose the class declaration of type T1has formal tags (f1, f2, f3), and inside T1 s de.nition, some type T2 object is instantiated with ownership tags ( f2, f3).
Sentence 2: the ownership-aware commit mechanism is a compromise between an open-nested and a closed-nested commit; when a transaction T commits, access to a memory location l is committed globally if l belongs to the same Xmodule as T ; otherwise, the access to l is propagated to T s parent transaction.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [13] C. Lee, J. K. Lee, T. Hwang, and S.-C. Tsai.
Sentence 2: figure 15 shows the resulting performance and power e.­ciencies of the di.erently optimized codes, where Peak Power shows the highest peak power consumption across all combi­nations of compilation .ags, and Max MFLOPS shows the highest MFLOPS attained.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: by application market policies, and may also be communi­cated via customer s ratings and reviews.
Sentence 2: the selected applications should focus on different purposes to cover a wider range of user and developer profiles; they must be distributed under Open Source licenses so that the access to the source code and code repositories can be guaranteed, to retrieve the code to perform the automatic analysis, and to study the behavior and evolution of the project [9, 10].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Moreover, at the end of the s-th iteration of Algorithm 1, suppose that the fault-free nodes in V-F can be partitioned into non-empty sets R and L such that (i) R propagates to L in l steps, and (ii) the states of nodes in R are con.ned to an interval of length = U[s]2 -µ[s] .
Sentence 2: node i can reliably transmit messages to node j if and only if the directed edge (i, j)is in E. Each node can send messages to itself as well, however, for convenience, we exclude self-loops from set E. (i, i) ( E for i .V.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 2.3 Symbolically Executing the Interpreter Considering the dif.culty of directly supporting interpreted languages, we resort to symbolically executing the inter­preter itself, since it completely de.nes the semantics of the target language as a function of the semantics of the lan­guage the interpreter is implemented in.
Sentence 2: quoting the Python Language Reference: if you were coming from Mars and tried to re-implement Python from this document alone, you might have to guess things and in fact you would probably end up implementing quite a dif­ferent language.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Cleve andZeller[7,30],Zhang et al.
Sentence 2: while #include inCis apreprocessor directive that assumes a constant argument, require inPHPis an ordinary statement in which the .lename is computed at run time; for example, the arguments of the require statements inline6 of thePHP script ofFigure1(c) andinline6 of thePHP script ofFig­ure1(d).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: By creating an instance of erp.ordering.OracleOrderRequest and sending messages to it, the process() method establishes a use (or call) dependency between the OnlineOrderingBcomponent and Inversion-of-Control Layer Page 7  Let us take a closer look at the distribution of shared and non-shared process assets between the applica­tion and framework layers.
Sentence 2: the non-shared, storage-speci.c method implementations such as store() which are referenced in the process() body are only negotiated for being implemented by the .nal, concrete subclasses, on behalf of erp.ordering.OrderRequest.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Performing such a global optimization would be pos­ sible through a central node (such as the base station) col-n at time t, Ln(t), we compute ln , and dis­ = .t lecting load and charge rates from every node and computing the optimal assignment centrally, then informing all nodes of their states.
Sentence 2: we also assume that for each event, any set of four sensors that heard the event can correctly perform the localization to within the application s error tolerance.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Note that the iterations assigned to a core form that core s allocation, whereas the scheduling order of iterations in a core is the order in which iterations are assigned (i.e., corresponding to the steps of the algorithm in Figure 5.2.1, as will be explained shortly).
Sentence 2: in this algorithm, share(fT ,p) returns the subset of iterations in fT to be allocated for core p, and allocation(.)
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: of Computer Science, Iowa State University Ames, IA, 50011, USA {mbagherz,hridesh,ali2}@iastate.edu ABSTRACT Modular understanding of behaviors and .ows of exceptions may help in their better use and handling.
Sentence 2: they are tailored for systems in which invocation relations among the modules are explicit and known, i.e.
Relationship: neutral