sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: l.put (l.get c) c ~C c (GETPUT) l.get(l.put ac) ~A a (PUTGET) l.get(l.create a) ~A a (CREATEGET) These relaxed laws are just the basic lens laws on the equiva­lence classes C/~C and A/~A (and when ~C and ~A are equal­ity they revert to the basic lens laws precisely).
Sentence 2: as in the earlier work, theypropose relaxed variants of the lens laws and develop a semantics based on sophisticated propagation of annotated values.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Speci.cally, For any value contexts F, Gand fresh variable x, we have the following implication: H[F[x] ] .G[H[x] ] .
Sentence 2: in the context of program optimisation both aspects playa central role, as the aim of optimisation is to improvethe operational performance of programs while maintainingtheir denotational correctness.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Utah and Nevada disclosure details (RSL) UT-7 and NV-9 both obligate the entity to notify the individual of a data breach, but their pre-conditions differ significantly: UT-7 requires that the entity conduct an investigation into the breach, whereas NV-9 requires no investigation.
Sentence 2: mA §93H(1)(a) retains many of these constraints in the definition of notice (see Figure 18).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Apart from the two open questions in group (e) in which the respondents were asked to write their opinion, all responses to group (b), (c), (d) and (e) questions are in 5-point Likert scale where one (1) indicates strong disagreement and five (5) indicates strong agreement.
Sentence 2: in the latter case, the key job responsibilities of an architect in terms of design, documentation and communication [6] can be defined at a high-level without a clear articulation of what tasks and what steps are required, and who would have ownership.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Recall from the SELinks query compre­hension (shown in Section 2.2) that the where-clause needs to .rst test if the authorization check revealed the contents of the protected string; if so, it checks whether the revealed string contains the keyword.
Sentence 2: to determine whether access to a given node is to be granted, the code needs only to con­sult the exact label, and make no further reference to other labels of other nodes.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Motivation Types help to detect and prevent errors by helping program­mers to organize and document data, and by allowing tools like compilers to verify program correctness with respect to the type system.
Sentence 2: one of these quali.ers, NonNull, provides an implicit subtype of each Java type thatexcludes thevalue null(i.e.,areference whose type is NonNull T can never be null).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: At this point three versions of the object are reachable: the original that no longer contains the most up-to-date payload, the wide version that is actively being accessed and modi.ed by the mutator, and the unini­tialized to-space copy referenced by the wide object.
Sentence 2: memory fragmentation may be created, leading eventually to a long compaction phase that foils the real-time guarantee.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The performance of this design suffers when the first message between any two cells is sent, especially if there are multiple pathways between the cells, as each path will be explored.
Sentence 2: when the genome is instantiated on a given set of hardware, each cell will differentiate into a cell type by choosing a cell task to perform (or possibly be inhibited from differentiating, in which case it is idle).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Againforsimpliity,weassumethatnomorethanasingle bumperanbepushedatthesametime.Supposethatthe leader'sbumperispushed.Thentheleadergoesintothe evadestatewhilethen -lfollowersgointothestopstate.
Sentence 2: startingwithapureGiottoprogram,whihdoesnoton­tainanyplatform-relateddesription,theprogrammermay graduallyprovidetheGiottoompiler,usingGiottoannota­tions,withmoreandmoredetailsaboutthetargetplatform.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Con­straints are not inferred from the de.nition of the algorithm, but some constraints can be propagated from the types used in the algorithm signature (see section 5.1).
Sentence 2: we should warn against careless usage of default parameters: as we discuss in section 4.1.3, limiting the number of type-variables in constraints is essential to ensure termination of type-checking.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Observe that cp3, cp1i,and sc7 each correspond to clear peaks in the graph, although of steadily decreasing magnitude, indicat­ing that cp3 is the best suited partitioning scheme among those considered for the speci.c code under analysis.
Sentence 2: viewing the entire program P as a single unit usually leads to poor code coverage (as will be shown exper­imentally later) if P is large and non-trivial.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Flow of xlet execution At this point, a message (usually a red-dot) appears on the upper left corner of the TV screen, indicating that the xlet application is ready for execution and waiting for the TV viewer s request (by pressing the red-button in the remote control).
Sentence 2: when an image needs to be displayed during the execution of the xlet code, it will call a system/middleware method which performs the loading and decoding of the image, saves the decoded image at the image cache, and get the image object.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [1, 4, 5, 9, 7]) show that particle swarm optimization is equally well suited or even better than genetic algorithms for solving a number of test problems1 .
Sentence 2: this happens until the particle does not achieve any further improvements for a speci.c number of iterations called the refreshing gap m; .nally yielding a re­assignment of particles.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: formally stated, we .rst .nd the smallest j for C(P (ßn,j),P (ßm, 200))= 0.5, then we .nd the smallest i for C(P (an,i),P (ßm,j)) = 0.5.
Sentence 2: technical Report CMU/SEI-2007-TN-001, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 2007.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Functionally Oriented Modeling  The initial version of UML was primarily based on the object paradigm.
Sentence 2: [6] OMG, UML 2.0 Diagram Interchange Draft Adopted Specification , OMG document ptc/03-07-03, Available at: http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?ptc/2003-07-03.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The simplest way to do this is to store the entire state for the snapshot of the later time slice, but this method stores much more state than necessary because most of the state is likely the same (e.g., the disk is unlikely to change much between slices).
Sentence 2: whereas the original recording would describe the state of the virtual machine and log the non-deterministic inputs to the virtual machine, the new recording would describe only the state of the process and the inputs to that process.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For an e-commerce protocol such as IOTP, it is important to ensure that it works correctly and does not contain errors (e.g., deadlocks), which may cause disruption of the service or worse situations such as incorrect financial transactions.
Sentence 2: again, this relates to error handling, and accordingly we use two variables rc for the message retransmission counter and rid for the received message identifier.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To emulate an actual network environment, we instantiate all Quagga BGP daemons on a single machine and use the proxy to intercept BGP messages.
Sentence 2: per-node provenance information and other system state (such as the network topology and bandwidth utilization) can be periodically captured as system snapshots at each node, and then propagated to a central Log Store that resides at the visualization node.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Experiments show that our signature detection can correctly label 93% of malware instances; our anomaly detector is capable of detecting zero-day malware with a low false negative rate (2%) and an acceptable false positive rate (5.15%) for a vetting purpose.
Sentence 2: once an SMS is received by the mobile phone, Zitmo creates an SMS object from the raw Protocol Data Unit by calling createFromPdu(byte[]).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Augmented DSL pro­grams interoperate with the generic debugger infrastructure, which provides the glue to connect an instrumented DSL program to the IDE debug services and changes the program model in reaction to the received debug events.
Sentence 2: as an example, consider the following return statement: return expression; which should be transformed to something like this: var temp := expression; event(exit-event, debug-information); return temp; DSLs that support Java-like exceptions and try-.nally blocks simplify the multiple exit points issue.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Consider a pcd that describes the following join point: any call to the functionfuncl where control flowed through functions f, g, and h in that order.
Sentence 2: we add this dynamic aspect in the advice that governs run-program: (define no-socket-adv (lambda (p) (lambda (a) (raise 'no-socket-allowed)))) (define run-adv (lambda (p) (lambda (a) (if (no-run-permission ?
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For the ideal model (assuming cubic Counting from left to right, the kth (1= k= M) line segment of EN (·)shares the same starting tcoordinate and ending tcoordi­nate with the kth line segment of SN (·).
Sentence 2: both Ei(·)and Si(·)(1 = i<N, see Figure 2(c) and 2(d)) are still step functions.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Intu­ itively, SS insists that each system trace may be reordered (while preserving a con.ict order, de.ned below) into an observationally equivalent sequence such that transactions of distinct threads do not overlap and the order of non-overlapping transactions is preserved.
Sentence 2: in practice, however, their most successful applications have been in proving complex data structure invariants in small code, or simple data structure invariants in large code.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [11]M.G.Nanda,P.Bhaduri,S.Oberoi,andA.Sanyal.
Sentence 2: inouranalysis,wehaveassumedthatatomiityisatthe levelofamemoryreadorwrite.Inprogramswithstatement levelatomiityoroarseratomiitydatadependenemay notbetransitive.Considertheprogram (8o)3l:x=10; obegin{ (8l)32:x=x1; }{ (82)33:x=20; }oend; (8o)34:y=x; HereS4isdatadependentonS2andS2isdatadependen­tonSl.thevalueomputedatSliskilledby S3andheneS4isnottransitivelydependentonSl.An implementationofthisprograminalanguagesuhasJava doesyieldthevalueof11forysineJavadoesnotprovide statementlevelatomiity.ifthestatementsare synhronizedthenS4annotbetransitivelydependenton Sl.Thisisaninterestingproblemthatouranalysisdoes nothandleyet.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In a time budget of10 minutesperprogram,Apollofound214di.erentfaults.
Sentence 2: apollo cannotbe appliedtotwo ofMinamide s subject programs(phpwims and timeclock) becausetheprograms need to be executed in a Web-browser and the current implementation of Apollodoes not support this mode of execution(see section5.5).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: With these functions, we can de.ne functions to fully desugar and resugar terms in the language s syntax: desugar * = s->t ; desugarrs ; t->c rs * resugar = c->t ; resugar; t->s rs rs A surface reduction sequence for a deterministic language can now be computed as follows: 3 Other orders, e.g., bottom-up instead of top-down, are possible; we follow the precedent set by Scheme macros.
Sentence 2: for instance, the following evaluation sequence is perfectly consistent with these two properties: not(true) OR not(false) + true a stepper that only shows the .nal step is unhelpful.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The amount of neighbors in a given region, where a mobile node is located, is expected to change dynamically due to the mobility of the users.
Sentence 2: we de.ne the QoI equation: QoIi(t)= QoIi(t - 1) + (#MaxNeighbors - #Neighborsi) (2) In every period the QoIi(t) is adjusted based on the actual number and the maximum expected neighbors in the region.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In Acute we build in support for the generation and typing of name expressions, leaving the various and complex dynamics of interaction constructs to be coded up above marshalling and byte­string interaction.
Sentence 2: the programmer might intend that all values of this type satisfy the even invariant; they can ensure this, no matter how the module is used, simply by checking that the start and up operations preserve evenness.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A New Type System for JVM Lock Primitives Futoshi Iwama Naoki Kobayashi University of Tokyo Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo, Japan Tokyo, Japan iwama@kb.cs.titech.ac.jp kobayasi@cs.titech.ac.jp ABSTRACT A bytecode veri.er for the Java virtual machine language (JVML) checks that bytecode does not cause any fatal error before the code is executed.
Sentence 2: dom(B), as speci.ed in the second line.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The standard approach to this problem is to translate re.nement types {x:t | f}to dependent pairs (x:t * proof f) for example, Coq (Bertot and Cast´ eran 2004) adopts exactly this strategy to represent re.nement types (sometimes called subset types, in Coq terminology).
Sentence 2: stateIs s readFoo : s:st. proof (Derivable p s) .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: There seemed to be a general feeling that it was fine for the corporate metrics team to monitor product quality, but when it came to individual process improvement practices, the project or team manager should be given the authority to deal with metrics data, as they are closer to it and understand it better.
Sentence 2: and the MAM is a basically a combination of all the factors that have been encountered in the literature on metrics programs.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Multifacet s general execution-driven multiprocessor simulator (GEMS) toolset.
Sentence 2: ifia and iaj are non-uniformly generated (i.e., they i have di.erent access matrices), | h(ia -iaj ) | would be, in most cases, an expression containing one or more loop it­erator variables, e.g., ik from ii =(i1 ,i2 , ··· ,in).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Program­ming languages are very long-range things, with widespread adoption likely to take a decade or more.
Sentence 2: categories and Subject Descriptors D.1.m [Program­ming Techniques]: Miscellaneous; D.2.0 [Software Engi­neering]: General; J.2 [Computer Applications]: Physical Sciences and Engineering General Terms Design, Management Keywords Component-based software engineering, scien­ti.c computing, high-performance computing, parallel com­puting, simulation 1.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Julie Wagner1,2,3 Wendy E. Mackay1,2,3 St´ephane Huot2,1,3 wagner@lri.fr mackay@lri.fr huot@lri.fr 1 INRIA F-91405 Orsay, France 2 Univ Paris-Sud (LRI ) F-91405 Orsay, France 3CNRS (LRI) F-91405 Orsay, France ABSTRACT Sleep mode lets users go for days or weeks without reboot­ing, supporting work on multiple tasks that they can return to later.
Sentence 2: seldom rebooters keep windows longer than normal rebooters (F1,1 = 97.3, p < 0.0001, mean = 8.5 sessions vs. mean = 2.7 sessions).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Therefore, when verifying an implementa­tion of a public method, the class invariant will be conjoined with the method s pre-and postconditions.
Sentence 2: then the set of methods and constructors, TCM , transitively called by CM :: M can be computed starting from the set containing the single ele­ment (CM::M, Csub) by recursively adding method calls, as described below, until TCM reaches a .xed point.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The idea for these workshops was borne out of the realisation that these problems and demands are not unique to software Copyright is held by the author/owner(s).
Sentence 2: the paper by Chatzigeorgiou et al , focuses on analyzing the structure of software using Graph Theory, aiming to help design activities such as determining overloaded classes, good system decomposition clusterings and scale-freeness of OO systems, plus detection of design patterns.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The key requirements of sense and respond rules can be summarized as follows: Event-triggered Rule Evaluation: Sense and respond rules enable companies to monitor their business, IT and organizational processes in real-time, and respond to exceptions and capitalize on time-sensitive business opportunities as soon as new events occur within the business environment.
Sentence 2: for example, a transport might have a transport-start and transport-end event-pair.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: It should be noted that this approach leads to a certain amount of code duplication, however, it also permits specialized code opti­mization along each path (Figure 8).
Sentence 2: using such machine­independent software on resource-constrained devices such as mo­bile phones and PDAs remains a challenge, as both interpretation and just-in-time compilation of the intermediate VM language run into technological limitations.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If we determine that we are unable to include a .le, due to its unavailability at compile-time, or if the correctness of its inclusion is undecided, we generate code to in­voke the interpreter at run-time, which executes the included .le.
Sentence 2: there is a signi.cant amount of work in determining the full set of semantics for each permutation of operator and built-in type.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We observe that the loading time increases linearly with the number of content items loaded, and that the desktop brew­ers are substantially quicker in loading content, as expected.
Sentence 2: of the user-provided data, only the user s username, email address, and cloud provider are uploaded to the Priv.io server (the email address allows the user to later change their cloud provider).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For all experiments presented in this paper, we plot the quantiles of the samples of observations against the quantiles of GPD.
Sentence 2: workload selection: As we mentioned in Section 1, for proces­sors with one level of resource sharing, the task scheduling is done in a single step, called workload selection: out of all ready-to-run tasks, the OS selects a set of tasks (workload) that will concur­rently execute on the processor [32].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Sentence 2: g64 0.164 0.315 0.427 0.044 0.166 0.347 Det.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Acceptability-oriented computing.
Sentence 2: the safe enumerator example signed extreme cases, the runtime overhead was still less in Figure 4, the examples supported by other runtime ver­ than 200%, but we were able to write raw MOP speci.ca­i.cation systems such as Tracematches [2], PQL [38] and tions for the same properties, reducing the overhead below PTQL [27], as well as most of the examples in Sections 6 30%.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In ICWS 05, pages 725 732, 2005.
Sentence 2: the deployment of semantic-rich de­scription languages such as OWL-S is not trivial [15], since developers must learn how to formally describe service se­mantics using three classes: the Service Pro.le class de­scribes what the service does ; the Service Model class de­scribes how the service works ; and the Service Grounding class describes how to access the service [11].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For JHotDraw, ANOVA did not indicate any signi.cant di.erence among patterns for both rc (p-value=0.39) and  95% CI for the Mean 2.0 1.5 1.0 r 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0  d nsite aorator o mp c m meooDC ter-Cp a d A (c) rl rl (p-value=0.93).
Sentence 2: 3.2 Step 2: Reconstructing pattern evolution history across releases Once having identi.ed instances of design patterns in each release of the software system, it is necessary to trace them, i.e., to identify whether a pattern instance identi.ed in re­lease j represents an evolution of a design pattern instance identi.ed in release j - 1.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Currently, the ACL pragmas simply deploy a random starting point into the scanned keypoints and a percentage (70% for example) are used to reduce the match computation time.
Sentence 2: in most cases, the keypoint matching stays at around 60-70%, indicating that from frame to frame, the ACL system will modify the descriptor length to 32 for 60-70% of keypoints.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However, end users are not able to directly access, explore, and combine di.erent sources due to a number of technolog­ical barriers: (i) Data is stored in heterogeneous formats, e.g., XML, CSV, PDF, JSON, and HTML; (ii) users do not know where to .nd required data sources; (iii) provided that they are aware of appropriate sources, they frequently do not have the means and skills to access them; and (iv) if users are able of collecting raw data from various sources, they are typically not capable of performing necessary data processing and data integration tasks.
Sentence 2: we use a graph-based model to semantically describe the input and output of a widget so that the platform can make use of the annotated models to provide semantic search, data model matching, and auto composition.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Weadvoateadeouplingofthesedomains.
Sentence 2: 0 5 10152025 Figure3:ThetimingdiagramforthetwoGiotto tasksP andQ asensororatuator,ortoaninputofaontrollaw.AGi­ottotaskisaperioditaskthatonsistsofinputandoutput portsaswellassomesequentialpieeofode,withknown WCET,writteninanyprogramminglanguage.ThusGiotto anbeseenasanextensionofastandardnon-embeddedpro­gramminglanguage.AGiottotaskmayalsoarrystatein ordertokeeptrakofitspastinvoations.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Figure 2 illustrates this with another set of IOR collective write experiments, where we .xed the size of data block per process (2GB) and varied the number of processes.
Sentence 2: the cloud enables users to setup optimized I/O con.gurations for each application upon its execution, in­stead of con.guring an I/O sub-system for all applications that may run in the system.
Relationship: neutral