sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.2.2 Grammar Though Python s speci.cation presents its indentation rules quite differently from Haskell s speci.cation, once we translate it to use our indentation operators, it shares many similarities with that of Haskell.
Sentence 2: parsec (Leijen and Martini 2012), like many combinator­based libraries, does not use the LR(k) algorithm.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: universe x] Here we make essential use of a feature of list comprehensions: if a pattern does not match, then the item is skipped.
Sentence 2: if we were to use |+ when the right­hand value was an Int, or other primitive type we did not wish to examine, we would require a PlateAll de.nition for Int.To omit these unnecessary instances, we can use |--to indicate that the type is not of interest.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We purposefully implemented a limited prototype to ex­plore the bene.ts of our compaction technique.
Sentence 2: it di.ers from these works, however, in that it is interactive (users do not need to provide a prior speci.cation of com­paction rules as in BLOOM or AVID [16, 21]), and localised (users can apply di.erent levels of compaction to the same program elements in di.erent parts of the pro.ling tree, con­trarily for instance to the work of Cornelissen et al [5]).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Note that this may result in some loss of parallelism, since this transformation always moves an async to the end of the enclosing async, even if S1 does not con.ict with S2 and the two could po­tentially run in parallel.
Sentence 2: note that references to A, B, C are intended to denote general assemblies, whereas A1, A2, .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: And it can be done rather eas­ily, with gcc for instance, using compiler switches specifying what registers must not be used.
Sentence 2: pure software approaches would be ideal in this case, but previous ap­proaches that are based on program duplication have very signi.­cant runtime overheads, and others based on instruction scheduling are only moderately effective due to local scope.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As is common when dealing with multi­agent networks, we model the networked multi-agent system with a (.nite, simple, labelled) digraph, D =(V, E) [12].
Sentence 2: categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.4 [Computer-Communication Networks]: Distributed Sys­tems; H.1.1 [Models and Principles]: Systems and Information Theory General Systems Theory General Terms Algorithms, Security, Theory  Keywords Consensus, Multi-agent network, Resilience, Adversary, Byzantine Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The advantage of this ap­proach is that the most frequently used parts of the system are exercised the most often, and this makes it more likely that latent defects in common system uses will be detected.
Sentence 2: based on experience, we can estimate how often experienced engineers make these kinds of mistakes, and we then have an estimate of the likelihood that this kind of assurance deficiency is present.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Weensurethateveryterminthestakeventuallywill beontrated.Toahievethisaim,ifaompletestrat­egyannotexeuteastepinanoperation­rootedterm, itreduesthetermtothespeialvaluefailure.
Sentence 2: looselyspeaking,aninitialomputationisreatedforan initialtop­levelexpressiontoevaluate.Thisexpressionis thetopandonlytermofthestakofthisomputation.If thetoptermtisnotaredex,asubtermoftneededto ontrattisplaedonthestakandsoonuntilaredexis found.Aredexontopofthestakisreplaedbyitsredut.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Irrespective of the type of ob­fuscation, the key is to have a function that predicts if two observed queries are from the same user, i.e., they are link­able.
Sentence 2: to evaluate the privacy gain of using an obfuscation mechanism, we subtract the e.ect of user s randomness and compute the relative privacy of users.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The four that have a de.nite NPA and possible NPAs as part of the con.guration cannot occur because, if a de.nite NPAis found, there can be no possible NPAs.
Sentence 2: in such cases, using our approach, the devel­oper would know which NPA de.nitely caused the exception and, 6 http://wala.sourceforge.net  Table 3: Distribution of NPA typesfor our subjects.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: ESP is a conservative system; when it does not report any errors, the programmer is guaranteed that the speci.ed property is not violated by the program.
Sentence 2: permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This suggests that it is possible to decrease both delay and power dissipation by consolidation if g is large enough.
Sentence 2: a Study of the Effectiveness of CPU Consolidation in a Virtualized Multi-Core Server System * Inkwon Hwang and Massoud Pedram University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 {inkwonhw, pedram}@usc.edu ABSTRACT The focus of this paper is on dynamic power management in virtualized multi-core server systems.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Given a query (vp, vo), we could then test whether v1 reaches v2 by checking whether there is a landmark in GQ covering (vp, vo).
Sentence 2: (2) We then remove from Gl node v and a nodes that connect to v (if they exist), where a = .a 2 ., and select the next best node from the updated a|Gl-1| Gl.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This invariant is crucial; as discussed in section 4, it ensures that no dangling pointersexist.However,it snotobvioushowtoprovethat this invariant is maintained when $toAbs[Mem[i,0]] changes.
Sentence 2: since thegarbage collectors are written in BoogiePL, the Boogie and Z3 tools guarantee that we really have veri.ed the collectors, at least in BoogiePL form, even if our BoogiePL-to-x86 translation subsequently turns theveri.ed BoogiePL into erroneous x86 code.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [Safeness conditions]Asame-edges(R1 ,i, R2 ) in the regionpoints-tographof aprocedure q isgoodifthefollow­ing conditions are satis.ed.
Sentence 2: the derivation of live region variables at the program points in q is based on its region points-to graph and will need to be done again.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We attempted to address this threat by using di.erent, speci.cally tailored measures for di.erent RQs: lines for RQ1, density for RQs 2a, 2b, and 3, and the very demanding aucec for the rest.
Sentence 2: the Predictor Models in Software Engineering (PROMISE) series of events at ICSE are a well-known venue in this sub-discipline.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: So, we extended LLVM by implementing a new calling convention (cc11) which describes the scheme used by the HiPE compiler for the X86 and the X86 64 architectures1.
Sentence 2: since November 2011 the research time of the .rst and the third author has been supported in part by the European Union grant IST­2011-287510 RELEASE: A High-Level Paradigm for Reliable Large-scale Server Software .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this paper, we address the preceding challenges and present an automatic test generation approach for database applications.
Sentence 2: such a mock database replicates the effect of operations over an actual database by performing the same operations on itself, so that the state of the  Figure 1: Architectural Overview of MODA actual database is faithfully mirrored and only feasible values are returned for database queries.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.1 User-Level Support To support trace-based search for similar bugs, OSCILLO-SCOPE must harvest traces, allow users to de.ne bug similar­ity either by selecting prede.ned queries or by writing cus­tom queries, process those queries to search a trace-indexed database of bug reports, display the results, and present a user interface that makes this functionality easy to use.
Sentence 2: oSCILLOSCOPE rests on BQL, which we describe next.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: I already tried Super-Collider, Overtone and all this other stu., it s nice that it s all browser based and there aren t any dependencies, build issues, etc.
Sentence 2: some of the knowledge gained while using domain-speci.c languages (at minimum, a knowledge of syntax) is inevitably lost when users attempt to transfer it to domains employing di.erent languages.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To avoid the definition of traceability models, the integration of analysis methods can be designed as a three steps process including (a) the extraction of relevant input data (CDG and scenarios); (b) the control of the tool supporting the execution of the analysis; and (c) the integration of the reliability results back into the ABC/ADL model.
Sentence 2: some approaches are proposed to facilitate the use of multiple analysis methods during SA design.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [11]C.GhezziandB.A.Nuseibeh.SpeialIssueon ManagingInonsistenyinSoftwareDevelopment(1).
Sentence 2: additionally,onsistenyonditionsouldinludefreedom oflifeloksorstarvation,orotheronditionswhihanbe speifedone­and­for­allfortheentiremodelinglanguage.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: An interesting direction for future work is to provide to the application using the view an indication of how good the view represents reality at this point in time - in other words, estimate the accuracy of the view and show this to the application.
Sentence 2: while in TOTA the sender of a message (the agent that adds a distributed tuple) determines both who it reaches and what the content is, in ObjectPlaces the receivers of a message (the clients that build a view) can determine both content and representation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The constituent systems of a SoS correspond to the ex­ecutors (see Section 2.3.2), i.e., the elements responsible for executing the tasks that composes the missions, includ­ing the holistic mission of the SoS.
Sentence 2: in these three studies, missions can be represented as a set of goals, which in turn can be re.ned into .ne-grained tasks or commands to be executed by entities of the system, thus aiming at ac­complishing the established missions.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Suggestions for Stream Based Parallel Systems in Ada M. Ward* * and N. C. Audsley Real Time Systems Group University of York York, England (mward,neil)@cs.york.ac.uk Abstract Ada provides good support for the implementation of dependable, real-time, control systems.
Sentence 2: the broadcast semantic will allow the same data to be written to multiple protected objects at the same time.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The typing environment contains the declared owner parameters, the declared constraints among own­ers, and the declared locks clause in scope: E ::= Ø|E, owner f |E, constr |E, locks(cn.l*) F , S, LS,and Lmin provide respectively the types of local variables, the types of stack slots, the locks that are statically known to be held, and the sequence of minimum lock levels at every program point.
Sentence 2: the rule appropriately renames the ex­pressions and types used outside their declared context.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In DSRT as well as in CPUReserve, pro­cessing reservations are implemented by temporizers which, upon expiring, handle the priorities of client applications on the current Operating System.
Sentence 2: also due to the fact that CPUReserve runs at user level, it can su.er interference from other priority-changing processes in the applicationsbeing managed (nice-type com­mands, for example).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.1 Characterizing Architectural Styles Traditionally, architectural styles have been described in terms of constraints on (1) processing and (2) data components, (3) connectors, and (4) their configurations [9].
Sentence 2: although there are many techniques for analyzing and describing styles, Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 4.4.4 Rewriting R-values At the level of desugaring for r-values, almost all the module-related constructs have been replaced with plain as­signments or no-ops as the .rst four cases in Figure 17 show.
Sentence 2: with the advent of Dynamic HTML [18], Web 2.0 [30], and most recently HTML5 [1], JavaScript is now being used on a much larger scale than intended.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Currently,wehavenotinorporatedanystatianalysis forremovingwritebarriers.Certainly,suhanalyseswill reduetheruntimeostofthesystem.Wewillinvestigate suhalgorithmsinthefuture.
Sentence 2: .Thefrstexeutedmethodofthebootingthreadis assignedtheGLOBALregionID.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Webmedia '12, October 15 - 18 2012, São Paulo, Brazil Copyright 2012 ACM 978-1-4503-1706-1/12/10 $15.00 response to the first generation of GoogleTV devices were negative, reaching the staggering point where one of the manufacturers announced that more than 50% of the devices sold were returned due to buyer s dissatisfaction1.
Sentence 2: no mention to the use of components on Ginga-J is made, neither is explored the possibility of using the component-based approach to personalize applications on this environment.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Then, propagations through assignments A (at lines 29, 35, 39, and 45) will be disallowed when the source is START to model just the backward .ows.
Sentence 2: our analysis says that * p and * q may alias because of the assignments from e. this situation arises only if: e is never initialized, whichisabug; oralways null, in which case all uses of e could be renamed to null via constant propagation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Four en­tirely new implementations of R6RS had been developed, with no support for the R5RS or previous standards; one of those (Ypsilon) had been completed and two others (Ikarus and IronScheme) were complete enough to run some R6RS programs.
Sentence 2: because contem­porary dialects of Lisp evaluated operators di.erently from operands and did not guarantee proper tail recursion.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 4.2 Evaluation Process We compare the presented approach to random data gen­eration.
Sentence 2: the result is a Boolean expression where all left-hand sides equal m, i.e., imposing constraints only on method m. Any Boolean 1. build a map: method.post-condition (post­cond ) of method 2. derive requested state of the mock object from the pre-condition of the method under test (pre­cond ) (a) split pre-condition in conjunction of sub­conditions (subcond ) where each Boolean expression in one sub-condition references always the same method: subcond1 &#38;&#38; ... &#38;&#38; subcondn =.precond (b) update map to: method.subcond &#38;&#38; postcond  3. generate return value that satis.es the speci.ca­tion 4. generate Java code  Figure 3: From Design by ContractTM to mock be­havior.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This results in exploiting the contention coordination mechanism against the MAC protocol which can range from selfish exploitation to malicious network disruptions [6].
Sentence 2: it is a measure of the number Connectivity 0.71 0.7 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65 of pairs of nodes that have at least one key common between them out of the total number of possible pairs of nodes.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This is represented using the AndPattern, so a case of the form: case { z:Valuable -> ... z.value ... } results in the construction of the pattern AndPattern.new(VariablePattern.new("z"), Valuable) This pattern will succeed when the target of the match has the methods de.ned in the Valuable type, and will result in the variable z being bound to the target in the body of the block.
Sentence 2: in Grace it is possible to ignore static types completely, introduce them in the middle of the course, mix dynamically and statically typed code, or to begin with strict static type checking on day one.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Distributed Computing, 26(2):119 137, 2013. doi:10.1007/s00446-013-0186-z.
Sentence 2: in particular, if we know the unique identi.ers in the k × k region Rv around v (shaded area), we know the local output of node v. there is a dominating set D * which con­tains only a fraction 1/7 of the internal nodes; see Figure 1b.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [4] M. Bebenita, F. Brandner, M. Fahndrich, F. Logozzo, W. Schulte, N. Tillmann, and H. Venter.
Sentence 2: unlike a Gazelle kernel subverted by domain X,asub­verted Atlantis instance kernel can only tamper with data belonging to domain X.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, suppose some software prod­uct is only distributed in a basic version.
Sentence 2: our contribution consists of (1) feature modules: MDP-like models for the operational feature­dependent behavior of the components and their interactions,  (2) a parallel operator for feature modules that represents the par­allel execution of independent actions by interleaving, support­ing communication according to the handshaking principle and over shared variables, and (3) a feature controller: an MDP-like model for the potential dy­namic switches of feature combinations.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Norms(such asDO-178B[12] for avionics) establish a hierarchy of levels of safety requirements, depending on the severity of the consequences of a failure of the system.
Sentence 2: a.ne-grained model of the controller would be di.cult to write, di.cult to de­compose into atomic actions, and would unduly complicate the analysis.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Additional SpaceIDs can be useful for purposes that are either orthogonal to or outside the scope of C4 (e.g., stack-local and frame local allocation space identi.ers, such as those described in [17]).
Sentence 2: the tests were all executed on the same hardware setup; a 2 socket, 12 core In­tel x5680 server with 96GB of memory.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: When the rank of the access matrix of an array reference is less than the iteration space dimensionality of the statement in which it is accessed, the array is said to have an order of magnitude (or higher-order) reuse due to the reference.
Sentence 2: in our further dis­cussion, we refer to the number of simultaneous requests to a bank as degree of bank con.icts.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Fault classification from a Hewlett Packard division system 28 99 ,~]l~tailed Design   L~tluirements ~mentation ~a Handli~ i 6%ILo~ic I :32% This historical fault classification can be useful as long as the same process and activities are executed and as long as the recording of the type of fault provides true insight into the nature of the fault.
Sentence 2: the integration test detection method contained the highest three total efforts of the 483 reports that had recorded effort information.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If a large k is chosen, pieces fail to be prefetched in the order of predicted use, resulting in expensive cache misses.
Sentence 2: the .rst major discrepancy is that p2p_p s actual performance is roughly 1.5x slower than predicted by the model (although here constraint P (t) = M(t)decreases the impact of Equa­tion (15) s early over-estimation of piece diversity).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Runtime Synthesis of High-Performance Code from Scripting Languages Christopher Mueller and Andrew Lumsdaine Indiana University {chemuell,lums}@osl.iu.edu Abstract Scripting languages are ubiquitous in modern software engineering and are often used as the sole language for application develop­ment.
Sentence 2: the code for creating and using the addi instruction is: addi = Instruction((14, D, A, SIMM)) inst = addi(3, 1, 42) D, A, and SIMM are Field objects that contain the proper bit shifting information for destination, source, and constant .elds, respectively.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Trivial Solution for a Non-Trivial Problem in MANETs Awadhesh Kumar Singh Department of Computer Engineering National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra-136119, India  +91-9416570992 aksinreck@rediffmail.com ABSTRACT The wireless communication has earned much popularity, in the recent past.
Sentence 2: subsequently, nodes sends AM to leader node 6, refer Figure.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: It de.nes basic types (short, byte, float, double, string, ...), structured types (struct, sequence, array) and provides signatures for in­terface types, fully specifying each operation s parameters.
Sentence 2: we omit the implementation details and touch only upon the constructs that are mapped in a conceptually di.erent manner than in the C++ case.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.2 Difficulty in Reproducing the Compilation As we mentioned earlier, the user invokes a virtual machine to run an application, which in turn invokes a dynamic compiler.
Sentence 2: in this paper, we propose a new approach, called replay JIT compilation, which can reproduce the same compilation remotely by using two compilers, the state-saving compiler and the replaying compiler.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: ((a .b)W c)), ((a .b) .¬c)U c } Table 5: UFC obligations for ((a .b) U c)  3.2 Automatically Generating Requirements-Based Tests Several research e.orts have developed techniques for au­tomatic generation of tests from formal models using model checkers as test case generation tools [22, 23, 20, 11].
Sentence 2: we are primarily concerned with the positive set of test cases for a formula.
Relationship: neutral