sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: 3.3 Summary of Performance Evaluation Insummary,then,ourevaluationofirregulartreeslargely onfrmsouranalysisandprovidessomeinsightintotheper­formaneofsoped­multiastbasedfaultisolation.Whilein someases,thedistributionoflinkoverheadappearstobe diferent,thequalitativebehaviorofthevariousshemes isnotaltered.Ourthreeprimaryfndingsfollow.First, routerassistallowsverydesirablesalingbehaviorforfault isolation.Bothsubastanddiretedmultiastsaleloga­rithmiallyasafuntionofthenumberofsessionwath­ers.Diretedmultiastisabetterhoieofrouterassist forfaultisolation;itsoverheadislowerthanthatofsub­ast,itsexpetederrorisnotsignifantlygreater,itisrel­ativelyinsensitivetofanout,andisthemostlosstolerant ofourshemes.Seond,ourarefullydesigned,deployable alternative,limited­multiast,workswithaeptableover­headforsmallgroupsoffewerthanafewhundredpartii­pants.Inthisregime,itsometimeshaslessoverheadthan subast,forertainkindsoftrees.Eventhere,however, itsfaultisolationerrorishigh.Thismeansthatlimited­multiastannotbeusedtoisolateroutinghanges.Itan, however,beusedtoloatelossylinks3 .Finally,asade­ployablesolution.modulotheroutingprotoolsthatbreak TTL­sopingsemantis.soped­multiastperformswellon average.Theoneaveattothis,however,istherelatively highmaximumoverheadinduedbysoped­multiast.
Sentence 2: thispaperhasalmostexlusivelyonentratedontheim­patofsale.ourtehniquesallshareseveral mehanismswhihanimpatthelatenyoffaultisola­tion.Forexample,sessionwathersinitially"hunt"inorder tofndtheirturnaroundrouter.Furthermore,allshemes havemehanismsthateventuallyreattoreeiverleaves, responselossesandsessionwatherfailures.Thesemeha­nismsdeterminehowlongroutersinthetreego"unmon­itored"andimpatthetemporalfdelityoffaultisolation.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Compound System behaviour with parameters 100H, 64 KB, 10 P, 1 m/s Figure 3.
Sentence 2: compound System behaviour with parameters 100H, 64 KB, 10 P, 1 m/s for the remaining of test cases, the plots show a gradual packet overhead reduction attributed to the learning system, which takes place approximately one-third into the simulation period.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In traditional quality-scalable videos, the hash of each enhance­ment layer is attached to the previous layer, providing the hash of the base layer as the video frame digest.
Sentence 2: in MGS qual­ity scalability, it is possible that some video packets of a higher MGS layer be kept while some packets from a lower MGS layer are discarded, depending on the extraction process [2].
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: For example, if we allocate more sensing nodes to idle channels (i.e., Xi >Xa), we will reduce the mean sensing interval for idle chan­nels and, consequently, reduce the error in detecting the beginning of activity on a channel; the mean sensing interval for active chan­nels is increased in inverse proportion.
Sentence 2: the improvement is not entirely guaranteed, due to stochastic nature of both the sensing process and the activity of pri­mary users.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: (3) Independent scheduler: One option is to design AVIS as a sched­uler that jointly optimizes the resource allocation across the DASH .ows, regular video .ows and other data traf.c.
Sentence 2: in our design we leverage wireless resource slicing techniques [6] to sepa­rate the resource management of DASH videos from regular video .ows and data .ows.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: On the one hand, the evolution of LN(t) depends on the rate at which queues are served, and in turn depends on sN(t).
Sentence 2: when the queues Proceedings of the 2011 23rd International Teletraf.c Congress (ITC 2011) LN(t)are .xed, the process sN(t)is a reversible Markov pro­cess on the set of possible activation states whose transitions are functions of LN(t).
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: This degradation occurs because a larger percentage of ECN-enabled .ows better utilize the available bandwidth in this scenario and keep the average queuing length closer to RED s maxth parameter; this causes a larger number of SYN ACK pack­ets belonging to non-ECN-enabled .ows to be more frequently dropped at the router.
Sentence 2: figure 10 indicates that the degra­dation is not signi.cant.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: If a value of 1 is obtained for bit m, then the rule Rm is part of set S. However, the algorithm selects the rule Rt with the lowest value of t. Thus the simplest way to do this is to compute the match­ing rules from the smallest position to the largest, and to stop when the .rst element is placed in S.We have im­plemented this scheme.
Sentence 2: in what follows we prefer to allow arbitrary rearrangement of .lters.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: To brie.y restate, GWF at­tempts to equalize w * Si + (1 - w) * (Bi/M) (1) for all users i over a time interval, where 0 : w : 1 is a weight con.gurable by a network operator, Si is the number of slots allocated to user i, Bi is the number of bytes served for user i, and M is the number of bytes per slot for the highest MCS.
Sentence 2: they leave it to the network operator to con.gure the right value of w. We propose that an accountable resource allocation solu­tion should simultaneously employ multiple fairness metrics within a base station, each tuned to suit a di.erent factor re­sponsible for variations.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: SMTP ses­sions consist of both an exchange of control information and a unidirectional bulk transfer for the messages (and attachments) themselves.
Sentence 2: both of these take time propor-  1 0.8 0.8 Cumulative Fraction Figure 5(b) shows the distribution of 0.6 0.6 IMAP/S connection durations across a number of our 0.4 0.4 Cumulative Fraction datasets.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Secure Multi-hop Network Programming With MultipleOne-way Key Chains * § Hailun Tan, Sanjay JhaDiet Ostry, John ZicVijay Sivaraman{thailun,{diet.ostry,john.zic}@csiro.au vijay@unsw.edu.au sjha}@cse.unsw.edu.au ABSTRACT Current network programming protocols provide an e.cient way to update the program image running on sensor nodes without physical access to them.
Sentence 2: given the open environment in which sensor nodes are deployed, securing network programming is a challenging task.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: We need to solve pq = pqPq for the steady-state distribution of PHqTq (h, t).
Sentence 2: as indicated in (7), px(h, t)de­pends on pq, and, hence, Pq is a function of pq.There­fore, the standard Markov chain steady-state analysis can not be applied.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Second, if we model the aggregate e.ect of such interactions at the packet-level, we may not be enable to correctly evaluate new designs like MAC or wireless TCP, since their impact is already unnecessarily re.ected by the derived models.
Sentence 2: .ow models, together with other complementary models such as wire­less channels (e.g., [4]) and network protocols, allow us to evaluate new networking designs in comprehensive wireless settings.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: It can not be directly ap­plied in AODV, because if one node receives a packet, its neighbors do not know which node it should forward the packet to, and can not tell whether it has forwarded the packet in the correct manner.
Sentence 2: the watchdog can be extended to work with AODV-S, because each AODV-S node keeps track of the route entries announced by its neighbors, which explicitly include the next hop .eld.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Recursive Flow Classi.cation [8], Crossproduct­ing [18, 20], HyperCuts [15], Extended Grid-of-Tries [1] are some examples; refer to [19, 23] for details of these techniques.
Sentence 2: in the past few years, the industry has increasingly em­ployed Ternary Content Addressable Memories (TCAMs) for per­forming packet classi.cation [5, 9, 12].
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: While there are many asynchronous communication pro-tocols(e.g.,BMAC[19],SMAC[20]), the majority ofthese assume that alldevices(which we call nodesfromhere on) have symmetric sleep patterns (i.e., run at the same duty cycle).
Sentence 2: realistic scenarios, for both mobile social networking and sensor networks, are more likely to result in nodes with varying energy requirements and so asymmet­ric duty cycles.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: The limitations of static QoS identi.cation have prompted re­search in automatic classi.cation of .ows to provide for speci.c QoS, removing the need for users to con.gure their wireless APs to prioritize traf.c.
Sentence 2: in addition to the limited ability to classify new applications, changes in the wireless network connec­tivity can bring down the overall performance and quality of the home network if .ows with poor connectivity are given higher pri­ority.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: However, these techniques function at the time­scales of hours.
Sentence 2: measurement studies [13, 5] of data center traf.c have shown that data center traf.c is bursty in nature,and unpredictableat suchlong time-scales (especiallyat100s orlongertimescales), making theseISP­orientedtechniquesinapplicable.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In addition, iSCSI does not place a limit on the number of R2Ts that a target may issue to complete one SCSI Write command either each one of which would require a host processor interaction on the initiator, all in the span of one Write command.
Sentence 2: if iSCSI is mapped over the RDMAP layer, an R2T PDU can be transformed into an RDMA Read Operation on the target side in the iSER layer.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: As it can be seen by the similarities in the wiring topologies obtained for both the SP and MP runs, WP is relatively independent of the MP problem, validating the usage of the geometrical center of the terminal s ports in the MP case.
Sentence 2: by taking advantage of the MP an average reduction of 25% in the rectilinear wire area is achieved, without a significantly increase in the execution time, given the efficiency of the path finding algorithm implemented.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Thus, the cost of maintaining the value of each and every combination (a table with one counter per combina­tion) would result in a space usage of 1.4M × 1.5M × 4 bytes, or more than 7.5 TB of storage capacity.
Sentence 2: if we use 4096 counters in each sketch, our method needs only (1.4M + 1.5M) × 4096 × 4 bytes, or less than 45 GB.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: The authors concluded that the 22->13 23->1 4->19 5->28 average rate adaptation algorithm unnecessarily increased the rate 22->13 23->1 4->19 5->28 topology average (c) Throughput comparison, RTS off (d) RTT comparison, RTS off 20 topology to 11 Mbps, resulting in packet losses.
Sentence 2: 18 3000 1MSS 2MSS 3MSS 4MSS Unclamped       the result in Figure 4 shows that 11 can be supported in some RTT (msec) 16 cases(for .ows23 .
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Note that the transmission power Pp of re­ r,j  ceiver j causes no interference to itself, since we adopt self­interference cancellation techniques.
Sentence 2: similarly, for the secondary network, s Pt,il(Yi, Yj) SINRs , (2) ij = N0 + Ips + Iss where s s Iss = Pt,kl(Yk, Yj) + Pr,k l(Yk, Yj), k.T s{i} k.Rs{j} Pp Pp Ips = l(Xk, Yj) + l(Xk, Yj), t,kr,k k.T k.Rp p Pp and Ps do interfere with the r,j r,j eavesdroppers.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: f(0, 1) + ((y - 1)n - i) × 2 (x=0,y=2..n-1) i=1 (1) With such arrangement a quorum is composed of smaller and larger numbers (Figure 3).
Sentence 2: choosing a quorum based on the .rst row and column (0, 0) from a 4 × 4 grid we ob­tain following the grid elements: {0, 4, 5, 10, 11, 14, 15}, from since both Pair-onPair arrangement methods do not satisfy the Rotation Closure Property, the nodes using the same grid-size array will encounter a problem with a rendezvous while their cycles are not aligned.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Hence, most operators around the world (e.g., China Mobile, AT&#38;T) are aggressively de­ploying WLANs for additional capacity since WiFi is cheap and easy to deploy at scale [2, 3, 4].
Sentence 2: sustaining good QoE Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full cita­tion on the .rst page.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In Figure 7(a), the computing thread can read symbols from all input queues; once it gets a data block from one queue, it computes partial results for all output queues, e.g., an SD server calculates the products of an entire column of H+ and the input symbol block of Y .
Sentence 2: this may create heavy contention for the output queues as multi­ple computing threads may try to write to the same output queue at the same time.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: We expect PGM to perform well in terms of exposure at the receivers because its NAK state at the routers allows it to block retransmissions headed for receivers that did not request them.
Sentence 2: unwanted messages may still traverse non-PGM deployment only at the edges, retransmissions and NAK confirmations may traverse the entire network before they are blocked by PGM routers.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: 5.3 Integrating RRAA-BASIC and A-RTS While RRAA-BASIC and A-RTS address channel .uctu­ations and hidden terminals respectively, one might think that a simple combination of both algorithms would su.ce.
Sentence 2: their coherent integration is actually non-trivial because RTS frames may also be lost due to col lisions with the hidden terminals.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Militarynetworks,whiharebyfarthemostprevalentappli­ationofmobileadhonetworks,ontainasignifantnum­beroflargenodes(suhastanks,airplanes).Thesizeofthese platformsmakestheformfatorofmostantennasquiteirrel­evant.Further,eahplatformbyitselfissoexpensivethat theostofeventhemostsophistiatedantennaisdwarfed byomparison.Thus,beamformingantennasareextremely relevanttomilitarynetworks.Anaddedbonusisthatuseof diretionaltransmissionshavebetterimmunitytojammers andeavesdroppers.
Sentence 2: fixedadhonetworksforommerialoutdoorinsfrastruture extendthereahofbasestationsusingwirelessrepeatersor­ganizedintoameshnetwork.Heresteeredbeamapproahes maybetooexpensive.swithedbeamsusinginex­pensivebeamformingnetworkssuhastheButlermatrix[10] areeasilymanufaturedusinginexpensivehybridouplers et.[9]makingswithedbeamformingquiterelevant.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Hence, the PB-routing paradigm is loop-free as long as the potential function is single-valued and time invariant.
Sentence 2: now consider any packet pat a node v. Since palways moves in the direction of the maximum positive force, pwill be forwarded to a neighbor wthat satis.es the following V(v);V(w)>0 (4) this is not possible if vis a local minima,1 i.e., we have 8w2nbr(v)V(v);V(w)<0 (5) 1The term local minima means that the potential of pis lower than that of any of its neighbors.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Furthermore, protocols such as BGP which do not have an explicit statement of their goals are less successful: BGP aims in general to provide automatic policy routing including recovery from link failure in the global inter­provider routing system.
Sentence 2: it is not clear what its detailed goals are: in particular, if presented with a network topology and a set of policies, it can be very difficult to compute how BGP will behave in the face of a link failure.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: TheshortpathresultsaresummarizedinTable3andTa­ble4.Alloftheprogramshaveapproximatelythesamea­uray,butnettirerusesanorderofmagnitudefewerpak­etsthantheothers.Inbandwidthmeasurements,pathhar, link,andphararemostlyinagreement,whihisnotsur­prisingonsideringtheirmeasurementtehniqueissimilar.
Sentence 2: inpartiular,alloftheseprogramsunder­estimatethelast linkonthispath.Thisisbeausethedestinationhostre­spondstoprobeswithanICMPportunreahablemessage whihisupto584bytes.ThisiswithintheRFCstandard beauseitsometimesallowsthesendertomakeamorea­urateorrelationbetweentheICMPpaketandtheUDP paketthatausedit.pathhar,link,andphar apparentlydonottakeintoaounthowmuhlongerthe largeICMPpakettakestotravelbaktothesoure,aus­inganunderestimationofthebandwidth.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: have very di.erent policies and management goals, and b) new extensionstoBGPkeep emerging[5,7],itis alsoim­portant for the control plane to inherently support for new BGP extensions and .exible expression of network-level con­trol objectives.
Sentence 2: previous work on RCP discussed little about how the RCP can provide such .exibility and extensibility in an e.ctive way.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Hence, the lower pri­ority nodes (with larger AIFS) rarely get a chance to attempt and the throughput ratio goes to in.nity; this is demonstrated by the simulation results in Figure 8, (1) plots with + and .When nis kept constant and (0) nis increased (which is more typical), the collision probability of Class 0 nodes increases to 1 and their success probability tends to 0.
Sentence 2: the collision probability of Class 1 nodes remains much less than ratio of throughput 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 (0)(1) n + n Figure 8: Ratio of the throughput of a Class 1 (higher priority) node to the throughput of a Class 0 node (lower priority).
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Thus we applied new Tabu [1] heuristic to form more stable clusters.
Sentence 2: cHs do require multi-hopped routing of data, Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: CCH/SCH Switch ON -Reinsert: This con.guration is close to the previous one where all the vehicles must perform pe­riodic switching between CCH and SCH slots.
Sentence 2: in case the CCH interval expires before the HELLO message has been transmitted, the message is enqueued and transmitted at the start of the next CCH slot (REINSERT policy).
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: It is also important to point out that in formula (13) we must use the Bit+1 value because it provides the size of sub-queue i in OC after completing the internal reordering, the insertion of new items and the removal of old items.
Sentence 2: it is quite straightforward to observe that Bit+1 is simply given by Bt+1 ' i =min(N0,i + Bi,Fi) .
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Without classi.cation, a simple approach to limit dam­age is fair queueing (FQ): partition each congested resource among currently-active users equally [26], or using some weighted fairness rule [33].
Sentence 2: because FQ acts on each resource in isolation and at a speci.c moment in time, FQ still allows attackers to grab disproportionately large amounts of resources by requesting many di.erent resources across space, or continually requesting resources across time.1 A more robust approach is to combine FQ with rationing by limiting the volume of data that users can send across time; for example an ISP might limit a user s total transfer volume over each month [6].
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Router based mechanisms, such as Active Queue Management (AQM) schemes, sched­ulers and pricing mechanisms, have been suggested for man­aging uncooperative users in the network.
Sentence 2: use of AQM schemes, schedulers require deployment at all (bottle­neck) routers in the network, which is not only expensive but also requires signi.cant network upgrade.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: They analyzed and simulated a GAF model based on both Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) routing al­gorithms, and, compared to the normal AODV and DSR routing in ad-hoc wireless networks, the GAF assisted ones reduce the energy consumption by 40% and 60%.
Sentence 2: in [1], the GAF virtual grids are the same size, and the optimal transmission radio range has not been considered, whereas in our paper we introduce adjustable size grids to improve the energy saving performance.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Thus, the submatch of aaaa to(a*)aa is sub(t1)= aa.
Sentence 2: a submatch assignment obtained by our approach is not necessarily the left most, longest submatch, which is re­quiredbyPOSIX.POSIXdoesn thaveanotion of greedy and reluctant closures, which give some control over the length of the submatch.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: FUTUREWORKS The scalability measurement brought clarity to essen­tial performance of naming service at the PRISON/CAGE.
Sentence 2: above evaluation is thought of as still inade­quacy because we didn t consider a throughput analysis or a performance evaluation on an almost real network environment which requires the building of test network including a certain number of NATed network when we will evaluate.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Via interest mes­sage dissemination the sink speci.es the events to be mon­itored and how frequently information on such events have to be relayed back to the sink.
Sentence 2: whenever an event of interest occurs, a subset of sensor nodes S close to the event location will start generating data packets, re­sulting in many-to-one communication (from the nodes in S to the sink).
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Thedesign assumes that most bytes are carried by long-lived .ows, and thus care­fulplacementoflonglived.owsshouldbeenoughtoavoid congestion.
Sentence 2: if .ow size distribution is more uni­formandconsistsmainlyoflarge .ows,theirapproachcould lead to congestionandlossesinnetwork.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: 3.2 Fairness The normal implementationqueues PSM traf.c at the transmis­sionqueue s tail andis unfair toPSM clientsbecause theirpackets may be transmitted by the AP after packets to other CAM clients, even if thepackets toCAM clients arrived subsequent to the PSM packets(thePSMpackets mayhavebeen waitinginthePSMbuffer).
Sentence 2: power (mW) 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Background Traffic (Kbps) Figure 1: Power drawn by a static PSM client receiving a 128 Kbps radio stream with varying CBRbackground traf.c the high priority implementation can be simi­larly unfairtoCAM clientsbecausePSMpacketsarescheduled at the head of the queue.
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Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Accurate modeling of the beam­beam interaction is essential to maximizing the luminosity in existing colliders and critical for building the next generation colliders such as Large Hadron Collider (LHC); any design errors will be enormously costly, or even fatal, for this big science project [1].
Sentence 2: due to the ex­treme computational cost required to accurately and self-consistently model the beam-beam inter­action as the beams circulate for millions of turns, previous studies are confined to using simplified models.
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