sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The solution we propose allows multithreaded applications to be run on multiple processors as it uses a modi.ed cache coherence protocol to guarantee atomicity by ensuring that a consistent view of correspond­ing original and shadow memory locations is maintained.
Sentence 2: to achieve atomicity, the cache coherence proto­col we develop ensures the following property: Dependence Mirroring.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: All the func­tions that appear in Figure 1 may be invoked with many different parameter values, but our selective use of parame­ter sensitivity ensures that the central parameters often have constant values in each context.
Sentence 2: the static analysis infers determinacy information that is quali.ed by abstract contexts, not by concrete call stacks as in dynamic determinacy analysis.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: the criterion (line6, y) (i.e., the value of y at line 6) yields a slice which contains lines 3, 4, 5, 6 as well as lines inside the body of the functions f1, f 2, f 3.
Sentence 2: since the slice is a (.at) set of statements, the program structure is lost in the slice.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The let rule differs from the one used in HM(X) [25], by having a less restrictive generalization re­ lation.
Sentence 2: hM(X) restricts generalization to abstracting only solvable constraints.1 Since the intended use of the system is prescriptive (that is, a program analysis setting), we can safely re­strict ourselves to constraints that are always solvable.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Using Bloom s data.ow debugging tools [6], we observed that the synthesized input data passed through the data.ow only as far as the checkout_log collection, which is de.ned on lines 17 18 as a join between checkout_msg and action_log on session.
Sentence 2: the cart service did not return any results upon receiving a checkout for an empty client session.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If {x, y}is not a candidate query edge, then it is a covered edge.
Sentence 2: there exists an edge {x, z}in G ' i-1 such that |yz|= a and .yxz = .,or an edge {y, z} in G ' i-1 such that |xz|=a and .xyz =..
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We consider only the latter essential and argue that JIT compil­ers should also come with re.ective high-level APIs and extensi­bility hooks instead of being black-box systems.
Sentence 2: we propose to augment JIT compilers with two intuitive and general metaprogramming facilities, upon which further functionality can be built: Explicit compilation: if programs can invoke JIT compilation explicitly, code can be specialized with respect to preexisting objects on the heap, in the style of partial evaluation [28].
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the light gray cells the values of area, clock frequency, IPC and performance are placed while in the dark gray boxes their average values for set of scenarios which are characterized by common architecture characteristics like the size of the register files and their number of ports.
Sentence 2: the dark gray boxes with average values under the measurements in the light gray cells, are the average of the four values above the cell which refer to architectures with a specific value of register file input/output ports (1,2 and 3) while the average values on the right of light gray cells refer to architecture instances with a specific value of register file size ( 2,4,8 and 16).
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: By this construction, the only processes that are correct in run R (i.e., take in.nitely many steps in R) are those that are output by A at some correct process in.nitely often.
Sentence 2: in run R, every correct process is output by A at some correct process in.nitely often; thus A vio­lates the speci.cation of k-anti-O.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The code pretty clearly says that Copyright protection subsists [ ] in original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression and goes on to say, In no case does copyright protection for an original work extend to any idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated, or embodied in such work.
Sentence 2: copyright protects the form of an idea but not the idea itself.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Need for new architectural approaches for building applica-tions that take into account the complexity of the interaction patterns among application components, often not known at design time, and that can lead to unforeseen or undesired be-haviors.
Sentence 2: the application developer must have the support of tools to assess, before the deployment of the application in the integrated environment, the possible effects of its execution on other systems currently active.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Each .gure shows the steady state availability un­der a di.erent combination of workload rate and time-out duration.
Sentence 2: we assumed three types of network workload: low, i.e., 0.01/ms(Figures 12(a,b)),  high, i.e, 0.05/ms(Figures12(c,d)), and  very high, i.e., 0.1/ms(Figures 12(e,f))  and, two types of time-out durations: short,i.e,1ms(Figures12(a,c,e)), and  long, i.e., 100ms(Figures 12(b,d,f)).
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Moreover, the three alterna­tives promote rather different approaches for separating Web Ser- In opposition, when using DI4WS, the expected interfaces for potential services are speci.ed at design time, whereas the bindings between these client-side interfaces and the server-side contracts are iteratively materialized at implementation time via our service adapters.
Sentence 2: at design time the developer speci.es the in­terfaces IForecast, IRouteInfo, ISpellChecking and IEmailSending.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Some prior systems [30, 24, 13] have focused on means to reach DSU safe points quickly, and we plan similar efforts as future work.
Sentence 2: we plan to extend our support for OSR to apply to run­ning methods whose bytecode has changed, allowing the user to map an active method s PC and stack frame and those of its new version, similar to support provided by UpStare [24].
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If so, when the function is called with crash-free arguments, the call will not lead to any crash.
Sentence 2: a crash-free argument is an expression whose evaluation may diverge, but will not invoke error.whenever a function is called, its caller can assume at the call site that, there will not be a crash resulting from that function call if the arguments satisfy its speci.ed precondition.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As well as in tools for change analysis, we are interested in a process of synthesis: given a current situation and a driver for change (more about this later), we aim at developing tools which offer some guidance, based on past wisdom, of how change should be effected.
Sentence 2: we aim to define Change Frames for synthesizing recurrent change situations, akin to the way basic Problem Frames [19] capture classes of recurrent software problems and their solution.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If we update v, then the only constraints that could have different methods selected in the new solution graph must be in v s ancestor graph.2 This implies the following: in an evaluation graph, v can reach some set of variables; if we update v, it could reach a superset of those variables, and the difference must come from its reachable ancestors.
Sentence 2: if none of its reachable ancestors reaches an output variable, then there is no way that updating v can make it reach an output variable.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Despite CompCert s groundbreaking compiler-veri.cation ef­forts, there still remain many challenges in applying its technology to industrial-strength compilers.
Sentence 2: the original Comp-Cert development, and the bulk of the subsequent work with the notable exception of CompCertSSA [4] did not use a static single assignment (SSA) [7] intermediate representation (IR) [9].
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The adversary s view of the hash value, for a random x chosen from a distribution of high min-entropy, can then be simulated using a random string.
Sentence 2: the simulator achieves security in an information-theoretic sense without making any query to the point function oracle and simulates general adversaries using just black-box access (to the adversary) and no additional nonuniformity.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Goforincrementalchecking.While our incremental consistency checking support for product line models has some disadvantages (initialization time, memory consumption, redundant representa­tion of code in models and the required transformation) the bene.ts outweigh these drawbacks as shown in our evaluation.
Sentence 2: we have learned that the run-time performance enabling immediate user feedback greatly contributes to the usefulness and acceptance in practical settings (cf.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The use of DSLs as APIs is motivated by the belief that DSLs have, for the most part, a positive impact on the quality attributes of the resulting DSL programs.
Sentence 2: their comprehensibil­ity, maintainability, communicability, and reusability are said to be positively affected (see, e.g., [7 9, 20]).
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 4.1 Detecting Beep Arrival Time Detecting the beep signal arrival under heavy multipath in-car environments is challenging because the beeps can be distorted due to interference from the multipath compo­nents.
Sentence 2: the commonly used correlation tech­nique, which detects the point of maximum correlation be­tween a received signal and a known transmitted signal, is susceptibleto suchdistortions[31].
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, the behavior of a function application e v is determined by separately considering the behavior of the value v as it is re­duced, the behavior of the function expression e as it is reduced and, .nally, the latent behavior that arises when e is applied to v. The second form of decomposition is that, for every expression, we track the event behavior of .nite traces separate from the event behavior of in.nite traces.
Sentence 2: for an expression e we will have two speci.cations: .
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.2 Commercial PCMs and Variability Infor­mation Interestingly, the variability patterns observed in the car comparator PCM are almost similar to the patterns reported in our previous empirical analysis over Wikipedia PCMs [29].
Sentence 2: we also observe Boolean yes/no values, single values, multi-values, unknown values and empty cells.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However, a simple trick can help the compiler to (at least try to) infer argument types: use lambda expressions rather than passing parameters.
Sentence 2: transform a parametrized method: def f (x1: t1,...,xn : tn) : tn+1 = e into a parameterless method with a higher-order value: def fT : t1 .
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: VicinityFailing measures how close a line of code is to a statement executed by failures only.
Sentence 2: if Lonly is the set of lines executed by failing executions only, VicinityFailing(l) is de.ned as VicinityFailing(l) = max VicinitySourceFile(l, lonly) lonly.Lonly where |l1-l2| 0.7 50 l1 and l2 .
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since we are automatically gener­ating our test cases this problem is handled by allowing the tool to run until there is su.cient con.dence in the result depending on the application.
Sentence 2: we think the test cases are su.cient when the tool has been running for a duration long enough, or when an apparent and believable result can be concluded, i.e.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To avoid such disruptions due to the aggressive sleeping policy, smartphone OSes provide a set of mechanisms for app developers to explicitly notify the OS of their intention to continue using each component.
Sentence 2: the OS exports explicit power manage­ment handles and APIs, typically in the form of power wakelocks and acquire and release APIs [3], for use by the app developer to specify when a particular component needs to stay on, or awake, until it is explicitly released from duty.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This mapping associates iASR model elements with CASL proce­dures, primitive actions, and formulas so that a CASL program can be generated from an iASR model.
Sentence 2: agents are mapped into CASL procedures that specify their behaviour; roles and positions (these can be played/occupied by agents) are mapped into similar procedures with an agent parameter so that they can be instantiated by individual agents; leaf-level task nodes are mapped into CASL procedures or primitive actions; composi­tion and link annotations are mapped into the corresponding CASL operators, while conditions present in the annotations map into CASL formulas.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For this reason, we additionally modi.ed the algorithm of Scott and Ramsey(2000) to abandon the use of large frontier sets when­ever partialpatterns are used.
Sentence 2: when compiling N rules, we have a choice as to whether we compile all rules simultaneously, or one-by-one,orin chunks.We choosea pre.xof rulesuptothe .rst that uses anykind of partial pattern.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In our coverage-driven testing method, we pro­pose to memoize the thread interleavings (iRoots) exposed in a test run, and use it to target future tests to expose untested iRoots.
Sentence 2: if an iRoot has been already exposed during an earlier execution for some test input, Maple will not seek to expose the same iRoot again.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Figure 9 shows the relation among these times.
Sentence 2: recalling Equation (1), it turns out that: ton = 944 + 8740 · np + tapp (14) 123456 nss Figure 9: Timing parameters for characterization while the time the system is in Deep Sleep mode is given by: tds = toff - nsstss (15) The overall energy consumption for one period is thus: Eon = 65 + 398 · np +0.043 · tapp + (16) nss(12 + 0.011tss) Eoff = 29 × 10-6 · tds (17) Etot = Eon + Eoff (18) and the e.ective duty cycle, including smart sensing, is: DC =(ton + nsstss) / (ton + toff ) (19)  6.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Core Language In the spirit of keeping the core language as un­derdetermined as possible, the only interesting type-and term-level construct considered here is the path P, which is a module variable X followed by zero or more component projections.
Sentence 2: as a matter of notation, I will write X.e1...en as shorthand for X.E.e1...en.X is shorthand for X.E.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: SchemeOf a introMetaVar f = insertMetaVar 1 (f left)(f right) Function insertMetaVar requires that the two term arguments are different at metavariable occurrences, so we apply f to two values, left and right, such that they cause the failure of fzip.
Sentence 2: we want the following property to hold: .f.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A bid issued for a request of client c can be accessed (via in) only by c himself.
Sentence 2: a bid-tuple made by a provider p for a service request by client c should behave like a secure message (in the sense of Section 2) from p to c.  Such secure bidding is supported under LGI by law £sB in Figure 2.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 2 Architecture of Runtime Monitoring based on AOP To support flexible behavior pattern monitoring for composite web services, we proposed a stateful aspect extension to WS-BPEL [16].
Sentence 2: in the stateful aspect, history-based pointcut specifies the pattern of interest within a range, while advice describes the associated action to manage the process if the specified pattern occurs.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, sdepA.E from Figure 7 can be expressed as follows: .
Sentence 2: sdepA.B(sdepB.E(n)) sdepA.E(n)= max sdepA.C (sdepC.E(n)) to determine the minimum number of times that A must execute to enable n executions of E,.rst calculate the minimum number of times each of A s successors in the stream graph must execute for n executions of E.Then A must execute enough to enable all of these children to complete the given number of executions, which translates to the max operation shown above.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Yunhai Tong Dongqing Yang Peking University - China Peking University - China yhtong@pku.edu.cn dqyang@pku.edu.cn  Each of the three approaches advocates only a single principle in data warehousing.
Sentence 2: data-driven data modeling tries to construct data warehouse data models based only on operational system database schemas overlooking business goals and user needs.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Meanwhile, the developer responsible for the documentation needs to evaluate the change itself to determine whether the MVP manuals need to be changed as well.
Sentence 2: at the same time that the changes to be used in the change impact analysis tools limited to changes in the source code, the changes also included the information that exists in the problem reports (PRs) of the MVP project, since there is a field in the PR that developers fill to indicate the need to update the manuals.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A particular form of volatility related to downsizing has received substantial attention.
Sentence 2: a study of mid­level managers and executives in Canadian civil service by Armstrong-Stassen [3] found that the downsizing has been associated with a reduction in productivity of the survivors (individuals that remain), an increase of their workload de­mands, an increase in escape coping strategies, and an in­crease in the incidence of health problem symptoms.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: learning, which means that knowledge is presented in an authentic context and learning is based on social interaction and collaboration (Lave and Wenger, 1991).
Sentence 2: situated learning was applied by holding open discussions, giving examples of real cases, encouraging students to reflect on their own experiences, facilitating activities with real software teams, and role-playing and simulating real life situations.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Then, we compare the query qp with each di using the asymmetric Dice coe.cient [5]: N tfjqp · tfjdi j=1 Dicep = N tfjqp · tfjqp j=1 where N is the size of the vocabulary of all words contained in our documents, tfjqp and tfjdi are the raw frequencies of the jth dictionary term in the query and di, respectively.
Sentence 2: the asymmetric Dice coe.cient captures how much text of the newcomer s request for help is covered by the mentor s emails.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We say that a navigation path .V0,...,Vn.belongs to the intended path set of the application if and only if: « .i<nVi+1 ....Link(Vi,Vi+1).Vi-1 =Vi+1.Vi =Vi+1 .
Sentence 2: at each step of the path the next view satis.es one of the following: it is an application entry point, is reachable through a link, is the same as the previous view (which corresponds to the user pressing the back button in her browser), or is the same as the current view (which corresponds to the use of the refresh button).
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In or­dertoimproveupontheaverage-case run-timecost,thispa­per presents an alternative representation whichenables e.­cient residual dispatch, namely ordered binary decision dia­grams.
Sentence 2: this representation facilitates the com­plete elimination of redundant evaluations across all point­cuts sharing a join point shadow.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We can note the following: The use of illegal pointers and computer hardware to trap ill­founded recursion allows data inspection to be compiled with­out any additional cost whatsoever compared to implementa­tions that offer no value recursion support.
Sentence 2: the C code for a .eld selection x.l can be x->l, a case expression case x of ... can be compiled as switch (x->tag) ..., and the translation of a function call x arg can be (*x)(arg).
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Regression model for satisfaction Non-standardized regression Standardized regression coefficients coefficients B Beta (Constants) 8.013 INTERDEPENDENCY 0.521 0.765 COHESION -0.168 -0.182 TASK CONFLICT -0.674 -0.380 R² = 0.733 Of the variables evaluated, the best predictor of satisfaction is interdependency with a Beta coefficient = 0.765.
Sentence 2: as we are dealing with small teams carrying out activities that they have to successfully complete very quickly (very short-term product quality), interdependency is indispensable, as, otherwise, there would be a very big sense of frustration at not achieving the objective.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [Int ] toList (BQ f r)= f ++ reverse r Testing two queues for equality then reduces to comparing the cor­responding lists of elements: instance Eq Queue where q1 = q2 = toList q1 = toList q2.
Sentence 2: two queues are considered equal if they contain the same elements in the same order.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since the addresses of superblock descriptors can be guaranteed to be aligned to some power of 2 (e.g., 64), as an optimization, we can carve a credits sub.eld to hold the number of blocks available for reserva­tion in the active superblock less one.
Sentence 2: if the value of credits is n, then the active superblock contains n+1 blocks available for reservation through the Active .eld.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For such programs, we propose employing a user-speci.ed bridge predicate [3] a predicate relating a pair of program states from an interleaved and a serial execution to de.ne a semantic equivalence between .nal program states.
Sentence 2: we can de.ne semantic atomicity, semantic serializabil­ity, and semantic linearizability, all with respect to a user-speci.ed bridge predicate F, by allowing in the above de.nitions that, for any interleaved execution with .nal state s, the equivalent serial execution can have any .nal state s ' such that F(s, s ' ).
Relationship: entailment