sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, a graduate student spends all her time dream­ing about her .rst tenure-track job, and she feels a peak of happiness when she .nally secures it.
Sentence 2: our new pro­fessor now moves in social circles where all her friends have tenure, leaving her feeling like she s not doing as well as her friends, causing her happiness to return to the baseline.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The semantics of the adds clause for A in P1 is that its con­tents should be added to the class A.
Sentence 2: thus, one could suggest de.ning the the resulting closed package P1 as follows: package P1 { class A { void m(Object o) { ... } void f() { m("Hello World"); } void m(String s) { ... } }} the source code for A shown directly above does not preserve the behavior of A as it was de.ned in the tem­plate T1, since the call to m in f will now bind to the overload taking a String instead of the original version taking an Ob­ject.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The data transfer delay can be minimized as the initia­tor device can simply choose nearby devices to execute tasks.
Sentence 2: it is much more dif.cult for a complicated communica­tion graph, such as the complete bipartite graph used in MapRe­duce [13], to achieve low delay among intermittently connected mobile devices because the optimization problem associated with mapping the general graph onto them is complex.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Raw types are proposed by Bracha, Odersky, Stoutamire, and Wadler [7] to deal with compatibility be­tweenlegacymonomorphicJava code and newpolymorphic Java code.Ageneric classC canbe used as a rawtype C, without type arguments, and assigning a value of C to a variable of C, or even creating an instance of C via new ex­pression are allowed.Thisbehavioris similar toFGJdyn sif we consider C tobe an abbreviation ofC.
Sentence 2: with raw types, even statically typed code can go wrong.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the paper of Liu and Liebermann it is not mentioned how to describe sequential sets of commands, like it can be done with NLC and contemporary programming lan­guages and if there is an API, which provides at least basic fixed commands, upon which user defined actions could be defined.
Sentence 2: we think, it wouldn't be too difficult to extend Metafor with such functionality: for instance, sentences like If Pacman loses then the program terminates.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: It has been useful to polish the ideas presented and to test di.erent heuristics for con­straint solving identifying problems in it; we are currently working in the design of a more powerful constraint solver based on the experience gained.
Sentence 2: the prototype is not strong enough to be applied to more real world situa­tions; it is mandatory the design and implementation of a full-.edged type specialiser.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 100 100 608 921 Figure 4: Computation results for some timed N­philosophers problems eral timed PV program allows nested resource actions and thus are richer than these JSS models.
Sentence 2: to test the performance of our approach, we did not try to exploit this particularity and treated the job-shop scheduling prob­lems as if they were problems with more complex types of constraints.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: JAVA Gener­ics are known to have several limitations, especially when com­pared to C++ templates (we refer to Ghosh [36] and Batov s work [4] for a broader comparison between Java generics and C++ templates).
Sentence 2: jAVA generics have already been accepted by a huge community and we want to target full JAVA compatibility.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If the user observes this behavior, they will note that they can not make easy inferences about what a small input change will do to the output.
Sentence 2: if an unsophisticated or inattentive user does not notice this, they may make seemingly an innocuous assumption that as long as the input is very close to a previously solved case there is no need to compute a new solution clearly this is not true in the presence of instability.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The collector assumes that it has an un­modi.ed copy of the object, as it was when the sliding view was taken.
Sentence 2: when sequential consistency is not guaranteed, it is possible that the collector read the contents of the object after it was modi.ed, but because of memory access reordering the setting of the LogPointer .ag has not yet become visible to the collector.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Again, we can see that there is a significant difference between both sam­ples (with p=0,03), but we have this information alreadyfrom the previous section.
Sentence 2: the important infor­mation is the 95% confidence interval which states that with the probability of 95% the development time using the dynamically typed language is between 777 and 17461 seconds less than the development time using the staticallytyped language.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A Comparative Survey of Scenario-based to State-based Model Synthesis Approaches * Hongzhi Liang School of Computing Queen s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada  liang@cs.queensu.ca Juergen Dingel School of Computing Queen s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada  dingel@cs.queensu.ca ABSTRACT Model Driven Development and Use Case Driven Develop­ment methodologies have inspired the proposal of a vari­ety of software engineering approaches that synthesize state­based models from scenario-based models.
Sentence 2: little work has been done to comprehensively compare these dif­ferent synthesis approaches.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Given the above, from Figure 12 we see that although the thread Ti has executed the post primitive (and has written the value p to the post wait array), the thread Tj is forced to spin-wait until a new iteration is allocated to thread Ti (and Ti overwrites the value p in the update array).
Sentence 2: from the .gure we see that a bubble in the execution pipeline of thread Ti causes (unnecessary) idling of thread Tj .
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Node v4 is also in this correlation over­lay, because peer P5 has downloaded v4 and is downloading v3 in the same correlation overlay.
Sentence 2: node v5 is not in this correlation overlay, because none of the peers (P6 or P7) that is downloading or has downloaded video v5 appears in other single video overlays.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This is because these benchmarks runfor along time(tens of minutesto afew hours), resultingin more consistentoverallperformances.
Sentence 2: 3.1 BenchmarkCharacteristics Table1describeseachbenchmark and thepossible sources of contention obtained through source codeinspection.The numbers of threads generated by these benchmarks vary signi.cantly.In addition, the numbers of shared objects and contended objectsalsovary signi.cantly.Also notethat we report the number of objects that are accessibleby multiple threads(shared objectsin thefourth column).not all of these objects experience contention; therefore, we see that there are shared objects experiencing no contention in jbb2005, jAppServer2004, and ECPerf.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Therefore, v will be reduced quickly until enough eligible inputs are available, so higher values of v will have similar performance.
Sentence 2: it should be noted that gen­erally speaking, a higher v will have smaller F-measure than a lower v. In summary, the above observations imply that e.ective FSCS-ART with .ltering by eligibility needs a high initial value of v (say 0.9) and a large r (say 0.9) in order to keep v large and its approaching to 0 at a slow rate during its application.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In terms of scalability of the approach, the simulation results show that the performance provided by the platform in terms of delivery ratio and delay of persistent messages and mes­sages with higher priorities is good.
Sentence 2: it is worth not­ing that, in general, it is quite di.cult to o.er high degree of scalability in peer-to-peer middleware for mobile computing due to the characteristics of the devices (limited memory to store temporarily messages) and the number of possible in­terconnections in ad hoc settings.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Because they are actually shared among the generations, region reuse cannot help separate them into different regions.
Sentence 2: region reuse can help with splitting the skeletons and then reclaiming them.We mimic region reusefor life byreplacing the assignmentbetween twogenerations (likethe one at(2)in q)with a call to a procedure that copies the list skeleton.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: estimated Number of Publications 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Figure 2: Extract from a 2005 Motorola Phone SPL    01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 Year Figure 1: SBSE for SPL Papers Since 2000 As well as the many subject speci.c SBSE surveys, there are several publicly available SBSE tools for release planning [121], design [115], testing [4, 45, 51, 78, 88, 147], refactoring [117] and repair [94].
Sentence 2: hitherto, there has been no survey of SBSE for SPL.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In­stead, the orchestration could be run on a remote server, however in that case you may not be able to achieve the real bene.ts of orchestration like reduced network tra.c.
Sentence 2: it is suitable to choreograph the external services (according to the local orchestration results of the smart devices) since: i) choreography always provides the global view, ii) we can achieve the parallelism by simultane­ously executing the independent services, iii) it is possible to reduce the number of messages by directly feeding the input/output from/to the service producer/consumer, re­spectively, and iv) it is certainly not an issue to install a choreography engine for such services.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Continuing with the example above, to de.ne a cluster constituted of the two less powerful VMs previously de.ned and specifying the maximum round-trip delay to the server as 0.6 ms, the SLA could have a third group, named Cluster, instantiating two Small_VM and the RT_delay.
Sentence 2: recursive de.nitions are not allowed, that is, a group cannot (directly or indirectly) refer to itself.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Here are some examples that illustrate how literals work: >:t 2 (Width a) => Bit a >:t 2&#38;B11 Bit 2 Notice that, when used on its own, the number 2 has a polymorphic type the system is telling us that 2 has type Bit a for any a that is a valid width.
Sentence 2: if used in a particular context, 2 will be converted to the correct length using the function fromLit.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In[17] weintroduced a subset of regularpath expressionsthatal­lowsfor as muchexpressivity as we needforpractical applications, and showed that if we restrict the regular path expressions used as templates to this subset we can .nd all the principals that can ac­cess a particular resource in polynomial time on N, the number of principals.
Sentence 2: the exponent of N may be large, and the most straightforward method of .nding this set of principals may be expensiveinpractice, as we willseeinSection6.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: OCaml [20] combines object­orientation with a mutable annotation on .elds (for example, ref­erences are implemented as a one-.eld mutable record).
Sentence 2: without a notion of read-only types, users are forced to hide muta­bility via use of interfaces and subtyping, which is less .exible and expressive than our proposal.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: According to [16], if there is some pro­cesses in the system such that the rest of the processes have no knowledge whatsoever of its identity, there is no algo­rithm that implements a FD with weak completeness, even if links are reliable and the system is synchronous.
Sentence 2: the O FD can be implemented without the mem­bership knowledge.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Indeed, much effort has recently been invested in applying .nite state model checking to check that SDN programs behave correctly.
Sentence 2: generally speaking, .nite-state model checking of SDN programs suffers from two main problems: (1) scaling these methods to large networks is highly nontrivial; and (2) .nite-state model checking might identify errors, but cannot guarantee the absence of errors.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In SWC (right), only the required elements of rgnNodes are fetched for(i=0;i <num blocks; i++) { for(ipin=1;ipin <n pins; ipin++) { num conn = get num conn(i); bnum = plist[ ipin]; if (block[i].type==CLB) { x =block[bnum].x; ... y = block[bnum].y; } ... } // LOOP1 } // LOOP2 (a)Regular Access (b)Irregular Access Figure 3: Multiple access modes for same array (block) large heaps, conventional techniques would fetch the heap data element-by-element into the SPM through expensive DMA.
Sentence 2: the reuse can be naturally exploited if the array is fetched through the SWC.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: With Async, the client is not limited by the rate of con.rmations from the secondary site, causing the client to receive many unsafe replies (CV > SV).
Sentence 2: with Pipelined synchrony, these unsafe replies do not oc­ cur because network packets are buffered until the secondary s acks are received; as a result, PipeCloud is able to provide clients with the same guarantee as synchronous the data for any response they objectives and RPO deltas [10].
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: At the time when the project started, the most appropriate SLA approach was WSLA, due to its schema structure that well matched the management tasks imple­mented within the system.
Sentence 2: since OGF has rec­ommended WS-Agreement as the way to go for SLAs, one of the future task will be to modify our system to be WS-Agreement compliant.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: S(vf ,vg,x2)) In this example, the .rst application of Eq.
Sentence 2: (2) (to remove g) did not hinder us from applying the equation a second time to remove the function f. when reversing the Skolemization of an arbitrary SO tgd, this may not always be the case, i.e., a rewriting step may result in a formula that can not be further unskolemized using this equation.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In the course of various research endeavours, a plethora of methods and approaches to RE have been proposed.
Sentence 2: when it comes to evaluating the contributions in practical environments, which is a prerequisite for providing insights into factors relating to the practical impact of the contributions, we can observe that available evaluations are often not in tune with the (practical) problems they are in­tended to address.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (a) Ideally-effective Intercommunication  [1:1] Pattern [1:N] Pattern [M:1] Pattern (b) Three Interoperable patterns Figure 2-1.
Sentence 2: intercommunication via interoperable patterns with SSAD, we have to consider the possibility that there are diverse types of data flow that is attached to service processes.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Other bloggers have noted it is the biggest time-saver I ve stumbled upon [24], and a command I use religiously [25].
Sentence 2: despite the acclaim given to this command, based on Eclipse Usage Data Collector [26] data for May 2009, of the more than 120,000 people who used Eclipse, more than 88% do not use open resource.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, a pro.t-driven publisher in the TV category has a strong tendency of publishing torrents in the Porn and Movie cat­egories as well.
Sentence 2: pro.t-driven publishers in single torrents mostly publish torrents only in a single cat­egory (mostly Porn) as shown in Figure 13 because pro.t­driven publishers who publish single Porn torrents often use the textbox in the webpage rather than the advertisement text .les.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 4.2.3 Switching the Color of New Objects By regarding new objects allocated during a GC cycle as unmarked, the collector can reclaim short-lived objects promptly.
Sentence 2: allocating white tends to repeat con­current marking phases many times, because it produces many unmarked objects during each concurrent marking phase, some of which may be pointed to from the non­trapped area.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: When at t=4 a Smoke event is detected, the rule that uses the each-within operator combines it with ev­ery Temp event greater than 45, which result in two di.er­ent Fire noti.cations.
Sentence 2: the rule that uses the last-within operator results in a single Fire noti.cation, that combining the Smoke event with the latest Temp event greater than 45 (i.e.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For both FUSE and Java-Fuse, the block input test contains a spike in the throughput due to caching e.ects caused by the synthetic nature of the benchmark; in the previous step (per-character sequential input), when the .le can no longer .t in the page cache, the Execution Time (Seconds) 40 30 20 10 initial part is written out to disk.
Sentence 2: the latter part of the .le still resides in the page cache, and is thus accessed directly in the current step, causing the spike.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However, the local sv is still advanced to acknowledge the fact that the e.ect of o has al­ready been re.ected in the data replica of this site.
Sentence 2: if H[i] has not been undone yet, we set H[i].uv to o.v and combine H[i].v into o.ov.Then o is transformed and integrated into H similarly as a normal operation.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Our union types can be considered a hybrid of the two kinds; thanks to the fact that every object is inherently tagged by the name of the class from which it was instantiated, explicit tagging is not needed to construct an expression of a union type and, fur­thermore, as we have shown, both case analysis and direct member access are supported.
Sentence 2: in our language, unlike ML datatypes, forming a union of the same type re­sults in a compatible type of the original type, so it is not meaningful to perform case analysis on such a type (the .rst branch will always be taken).
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To enable de­velopment of predictable real-time applications, RTSJ in­troduces, amongst other constructs, new types of threads (RealtimeThread, NoHeapRealtimeThread) having precise scheduling semantics and that may run at higher priority (NoHeapRealtimeThread only) than the garbage collector, and special types of memory (ScopedMemory, ImmortalMemo­ry) that are outside the scope of action of the garbage col­lector to ensure predictable memory access.
Sentence 2: the introduction of new memory regions compli­cates the development of hard real-time applications.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In cases where the analyst is interested in checking a property on only finite executions, the property has to be modified in such a way that it always holds on all infinite executions and vice versa.
Sentence 2: with our proposed classification scheme the analyst explic- itly indicates whether the property is specifying finite, infi- nite, or both finite and infinite sequences, as well as indicates whether the property is to be checked on finite, infinite, or all executions of the system.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Copyright &#38;#169; 2010 ACM 978-1-60558-968-8/10/05 $10.00.
Sentence 2: an ongoing change in the software industry today; towards open processes, closer customer involvement, volatile domains and intra-organizational collaborations calls for some rethinking of how we view and practice SPLE.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For v t1 = log(2 mE/| A||||x0| )/| A| , | F [0,t1]-Bm(F [0,t1])| = E. e Using the ti in the de.nition of Lemma 5 is desirable since it gives a closed form expression for computing the ti.
Sentence 2: the problem with the above expression is that the expression being computed might not result in a positive number in which case we are in trouble.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This means that, if cores i and j share a cache at level t (1 = t < s), they will share caches at levels t + 1, t + 2, · · · , s - 1 as well; consequently, after the .rst occurrence of a zero value, say, dt = 0 is detected, all the values from dt+1 to ds-1 will be 0 in the core difference vector dii,j.
Sentence 2: our model is general enough to capture other (possibly, asymmetric) cache connections as well.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In fact, the summary computation described in [7] is only sound under the assumption that no points-to relations are killed by summary application.
Sentence 2: summaries generated by our analysis are used to perform strong updates at call sites, and for the recursion-free fragment of the language from Section 3, applying a summary is as precise as analyzing the inlined body of the function.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, instead of decomposing an 1G-point fft into two groups of 32K 32K-point ffts, we can have a 3D decomposition with three groups of 1M 1K-point ffts.
Sentence 2: this 3D decomposi­tion requires 2 extra memory sweeps, which are measured to have more overhead than one core-to-core read required in our .ne-grain parallelization scheme.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: While there has been much research on TLS, it is hardware based requiring redesigned architectures [7, 21, 31, 37] or non-trivial modi.cations to the existing architectures such as special buffers [10, 25, 26], versioning cache [9], or versioning memory [8].
Sentence 2: the hardware features are not present in any commercial multicores and this makes software speculation attractive as it can be used on existing machines.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We can use clever pattern matching on results that we already know to manipulate this constraint so that (Lookup name s :=: u) ~ True is in the context.
Sentence 2: this constraint is distinct from the 15 As part of promoting and re.ning datatypes that derive the type class Eq, the singletons library generates instances for :=: and an instance for the type class SEq, the singleton counterpart of Eq.
Relationship: contrasting