sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [6] Baynon, M. Curry, B. Morgan, P. 2000.
Sentence 2: software project management is often burdened by huge sources of epistemic uncertainties due to the lack of information for objectives of evaluation, differences in knowledge and experience of participating experts, fuzzy reviews of experts, and Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [16] Pennell L. &#38; Maiden N.A.M., 2003, Creating Requirements Techniques and Experiences in the Policing Domain , Pro­ceedings REFSQ 2003 Workshop, June 2003, Velden Aus­tria.
Sentence 2: contingency templates (i) Failure types; (ii) Strikes incidents; (iii)Drop low priority activities; (iv) Get itimproved, who?
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This would require all type variable binders in F# source code to have a corresponding binding in compiled .NET code, an unacceptable constraint when compiling an ML language.
Sentence 2: for example, all F# type variables have inten­ 2.2 F# Quotations sional representations available at runtime, largely as a side effect This paper utilizes a modest experimental meta-programming ex­ of the use of CLI generics to implement type parameterization.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Aspect-Specification Based on Structural Type Information Stefan Hanenberg, Mohammed Al-Mansari, Rainer Unland University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems, Schützenbahn 70, D-45117 Essen {shanenbe, almansari, unlandr}@cs.uni-essen.de ABSTRACT Aspects developed in aspect-oriented systems often need to hook onto multiple objects that share common structural characteristics ­such as attributes and operations.
Sentence 2: even in independent developed types there are structural similarities that result from common naming conventions, guidelines, idioms or commonalities between domain models.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example if basic blocks 1, 2, 4, and 5 are executed the edges originate from node 1245 while if blocks 1, 2, 4, and 6 are executed the edges originate from nodes 1, 2, 4, and 6.
Sentence 2: in other words the optimizations we have developed must be applied to construct the static compo­nent.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For the do­main expert it is often suf.cient to look at the (simple) ESMs to integrate building blocks correctly into a system.
Sentence 2: as modeled by waitEvent(ID), when the activity wants to send a token through the wait pin, we may accept that the EESM does not allow it, due to the semantics of discarding tokens that attempt to travel via pins at the wrong time.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Consider a speci.c trace of jobs that arrive at times t =(0,0.25, 0.4,0.65, 1)s. We study the execution of the jobs undertwopolicies:(a)aworkload conservingexecution(WC) with no DTM policy enabled, and (b) a shaped execution (Sh) where the jobs are delayed according to a speci.cally designed shaping curve s shown in Figure 1(a).
Sentence 2: thermal management hasbecome akey system design issue.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Secondly, to generate XPath expressions is not so sim­ple as for our current pointcuts.
Sentence 2: in order to construct exe­cutable models, two basic elements are required: (1) an ac­tions language, which contains those elements that abstract the atomic actions the models can carry out; and (2) an operational semantics, which speci.es where and how the actions can be placed in a model and how a model must be interpreted.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: So although the 99th percentile of the event queuing time for 20 000 peers is 5 seconds when using 1 processing core, it drops to under 1 second when using 8 cores.
Sentence 2: the PeerMonitor-Client component provided in the framework can be con.g­ured to monitor Chord or Cyclon.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 4.EXPERIMENTS The experiments are conductedbyusingNS-3network simulatortomeasureIPTVperformancewithregardtoQoS  measurements (delayandthroughput).Experiment set up includesconfiguringnetworktopology, settingupQoS  mechanism for each router, and configuring five mathematical functionmodels torepresent themodelsof  thenumbersofusers joiningmulticast streams.Due to storage limitation we set eachsimulation experiment is executedforabout 6-7secondsandproducesabout 2250 packetsofdatainbothunicast andmulticast.Runningthe  experiment for6-7secondsisnoffilledt tooshort,becauseaupthequeuecapacityfter2 secondsthe traicalreadyf becauseweuseUDPtraffic(not burst traffic)whichhas constant rate.Inotherwordswecancreateaqueueduring  thefirst2-3secondsofeachexperiment.
Sentence 2: besidesdeliveringIPTV sunicastvideoondemand(VoD),  anIPTVprovideralsoservesmultiplechannelswhereeach channel sendsamulticast stream.On theotherhand, IPTV ssubscribersmay viewmore thanonedifferent channel whichcanbe from thesameordifferent IPTV providers.eachmulticast stream(channel)may havedifferentnumberofsubscribers.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In these engines, the basic constructs of the dynamic runtime such as object layout, heap, garbage collector, compilers, pro.lers and call frames, have been designed and implemented from scratch in the low-level language.
Sentence 2: ironJS [10] translates JavaScript to Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR) expression trees [5] and leaves dynamic optimizations to the DLR.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Migrations are handled at thread level for accuracy.
Sentence 2: rEFERENCES [1] Christoph Reinke, Nils Hoeller, Volker Linnemann, Adaptive Atomic Transaction Support for Service Migration in Wireless Sensor Networks , Wireless And Optical Communications Network (WOCN), Seventh International Conference OnDigital Object Identifier, 2010.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This is necessary because without some idea about how these ideas are embedded in the problems of sending bit messages it is difficult to understand whether or not the ideas are relevant to software engineering.
Sentence 2: use frequency of use of operators because operators have certain natural probability distributions Allen and A modular system can be Obeys Briand et A worked example plus Software design is an Khoshgoftaar represented as a graph with al s properties.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: But we can use a bridge predicate to assert that, no matter what schedule is taken, the resulting set is semantically equal.
Sentence 2: void P () { deterministic assume(Pre(s0,s 0' )){ ... body of P ... } assert(true); } To address the problem of inferring interesting deterministic speci.cations, we argue that a (Pre, Post) pair is interesting if the following two conditions hold.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The Object Management Group (OMG) has adopted BPMN as a standard and the long expected version 2.0 was finally released in 2011 [11].
Sentence 2: we thus deliberately exclude approaches such as stochastic Petri nets that allow for defining business workflows [6] and provide a suitable mathematical model for the control flow of agent-based processes, which are less applied in practice.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: There is a fundamental limit though, the origin of which to be found at archive build time: if CARE is able to detect and analyze .le system dependencies on all ex­ecuted program paths, .nding all dependencies that could be accessed on all possible program paths is an undecidable problem.
Sentence 2: the CARE/CDE approach to replicability and reproducibil­ity is a much more lightweight approach than traditional vir­tual machines.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.2.1 Branching Ideally, Macroscope would translate every possible con.gura­tion of a C program.
Sentence 2: if the directive guards an incomplete syntactic unit, then Macro­scope is forced to hoist the if statement to a place where one is valid in ASTEC;ASTEC only allows if statements at the level of declarations, statements, and expressions.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (We could not .nd source code for a fourth test case used in their paper.)
Sentence 2: c-Reduce currently has 30 source­to-source transformations for C code including:  performing scalar replacement of aggregates;  removing a level of indirection from a pointer-or array-typed variable;  factoring a function call out of a complex expression;  combining multiple, same-typed variable de.nitions into a single compound de.nition;  moving a function-scoped variable to global scope;  removing a parameter from a function and all of its call sites, while adding a variable of the same name and type at function scope;  removing an unused function or variable;  giving a function, variable, or parameter a new, shorter name;  changing a function to return void, and deleting all return statements in it;  performing inline substitution of small function bodies;  performing copy propagation; and  turning unions into structs.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this tutorial, the participants will be guided on how to use the Agda proof assistant to write a normalization by evaluation (NBE) algorithm in CPS, starting with simply typed lambda calculus and ending with G ¨odel s System T extended with delimited control operators.
Sentence 2: since proofs using classical logic can be translated to intuitionistic ones by the continuation-passing style, or double-In this tutorial, we will inves­ tigate how constructive CPS proofs can be applied to situations where a straightforward constructive proof does not appear to be possible.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Importantly, merges and splits are not globally ordered: a merge between assemblies i1 and i2 can proceed in parallel with a merge between j1 and j2 (where j1 and j2 are distinct from i1 and i2), or with a split of j1.
Sentence 2: partitions that looked useful initially could very well turn useless during the execution, so that any workable data partitioning strategy for this setting must be adaptive.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: https://wiki.in-chemnitz.de/bin/view/RST/Jake2  Figure 4: Screenshot of Quake II in p2p using Quiver [3] for game synchronization.
Sentence 2: the Networking module provides the other Quiver modules with high-level networked channels to communicate using message ex­changes that can be either reliable or best effort.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The type of a top-level expression cannot contain type variables, accord­ing to the value restriction rule of SML 97 [19], unless it is syntactically a simple value (in which case the computation and hence also the run-time stack is trivial).
Sentence 2: we then look at variance annotations both at the declaration site and the use site of parametric classes, the latter ap­proach being the starting point for the design of the wildcard mechanism.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: ()showsthediskheadusagebreakdownwithboththeforegroundOLTPworkloadandthebakground dataminingappliation.
Sentence 2: leastfexibleoftheseexampleswouldbetamper detetionthatomparesurrentversionsofdata to.safe"versions.Whiletheomparisonsan beperformedinanyorder,bothversionsofa partiulardatummustbeavailableinmemory toompleteaomparison.Memorylimitations areunlikelytoallowarbitraryfexibilityinthisase.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Applying the same argument as in the previous ex­ample, we can calculate X Y and check that it agrees with Tanaka s construction of a substitution monoidal structure, namely (X Y )m = (X n × (Y (n) )m)/.
Sentence 2: ps-Tsm -Alg is the 2-category SymMonstr and Tsm(C) is the free symmetric monoidal category on C. Taking C = 1, it follows, up to equivalence, that Tsm(C) op is the category lof .nite sets and permutations used by Tanaka [23].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: There is essentially only one way to get a more predictable language, namely to select a set of features which makes it controllable.
Sentence 2: as Ravenscar-Java is targeted towards smaller and embedded systems implemented on top of J2ME and CLDC, it would perhaps have been more natural to define a Ravenscar-Java application as a -let , e.g.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Mobile phones are the m o s t w i d e l y p o r t a b l e d e v i c e s u s e d t o d a y .
Sentence 2: high-level Specification of a Middleware Framework for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Spontaneousware Case  Vando de Freitas Batista Federal University of Pernambuco, Informatics Center, Av.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Middleware 2004 Companion CUROCO: a distributed architecture for the dynamic generation, composition and use of context in highly dynamic and heterogeneous environments* [extended version] Gorka Guardiola Muzquiz Laboratorio de Sistemas, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid, Spain paurea@lsub.org ABSTRACT The use of context is necessary for a rich interaction with the users and adaptation of the system to their needs.
Sentence 2: an example of this is Aura [4].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: fun invAllowedToUseKey (s:State) { all p: EPE, m1,m2:Message | // m1 is the plaintext, m2 the ciphertext encryptAndAuthenticate(s,p,m1,m2) => canAccess(s.bound.p,m1)  } // If an encryption device has a key, // then the process is allowed // to communicate in that direction, // i.e.
Sentence 2: all connections between two AAPs are simplex.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Their experiments indicate that comparing method call sequences is a better defect indicator than a simple coverage-based metric, such as the one by Jones et al.
Sentence 2: although we make recommendations for when each of the two preferred change classi.ers should be used, it is clear that further investiga­tion is needed, and we consider such investigations to be a fruitful topic for future work.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [25] S. E. Ganz, A. Sabry, and W. Taha.
Sentence 2: polySPIN[6] and Mocking­bird[2]hidemostofanFFI smechanismandpolicybyauto­ matically mapping between data structures and functions of languages with recursive (but not polymorphic) types.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We ran these programs on well-tested inputs to seriously search forbugs,wewould subject these programstoa much wider variety of inputs.
Sentence 2: second, HeapSafe does not check for type-safety issues such as array bound over.ows, walking pointers past the end of arrays, incorrect use of unions and casts, etc, which can cause or hide memory safety problems.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In MakeList, DSA also detects that heap objects are allocated (H) and returned, whereas in Length, memory is not allocated or freed (no H .ag).
Sentence 2: once the indexable pools and the compressible index vari­ables have been identi.ed in the function, a single linear scan over the function is used to rewrite instructions that address the indexable pools.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If u , d, i , o , x or X conver­sion speci.er is found, it sets the length modi.er to ll (through the PRIdMAX variable de.ned in header .le system.h) and if .oat conversion character ( a , e , f , g , A , E , F or G ) is found, it sets the length modi.er to L. The format we speci.ed on the command line (%Lu) was changed to %llu and passed on to the print routine.
Sentence 2: consider the example where the WP constraints obtained from the golden program are .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Best Worst GA (Steady State) -18.56 4.94 -10.95 -38.75 GA (Generational) -30.48 12.91 -15.66 -75.05 PSO (Inertia) -36.60 28.04 -9.12 -116.13 PSO (Constriction) -64.40 53.17 -11.70 -210.80 BSO(Inertia) -25.59 20.46 -5.72 -88.79 BSO (Constriction) -46.73 43.10 -10.01 -177.16 Time (sec) Figure 7: The BSO .nds a solution which uses the a.erent feedback pathways and activates the triceps 5.2 Behaviors  even though it receives no descending input.
Sentence 2: pSO-style algorithms usually do not need arti.cial constraints on position values unless the problem itself requires certain constraints.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Clearly, the majority of the flows are very weak, for all subject programs; only 14% to 23% of the flows have measurable entropy-based strengths and only a small proportion of them are very strong.
Sentence 2: dynamic information flow analysis (DIFA) is based on the assumption that the presence of a dynamic program dependence Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Cascaded Refactoring for Framework Evolution Greg Butler Department of Computer Science Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1M8 Canada gregb@cs.concordia.ca ABSTRACT Refatoringofsoureodehasbeenstudiedasapreliminary stepintheevolutionofobjet­orientedsoftware.Weextend theoneptofrefatoringtothewholerangeofmodelsused todesribeaframeworkinourmethodology:featuremodel, useasemodel,arhiteture,design,andode.Weview frameworkevolutionasatwo­stepproess:refatoringand extension.Therefatoringstepisasetofrefatorings,one foreahmodel,thatasadesthroughthem.Therefator­ingshosenforamodelbeometherationaleoronstraints forthehoieofrefatoringsofthenextmodel.
Sentence 2: itisfeasiblewithinDMStodefneadomainorresponding toeahofourmodels,todefneasetoftransformations forthemodels,andtodefnethealignmentmapsbetween models.Thus,asadedrefatoringouldberealizedwithin DMS.thishasnotbeendone.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Two of them, in which the authors are participating, are the NSF-funded EUSES project [14] and the European Network of Excellence EUD-Net [1] on End-User Development.
Sentence 2: a closer look at all these initiatives reveals that accepted and well-known software engineering principles, which have been success­fully applied in large-scale professional software develop­ment pro jects, are in general ignored during the creation of spreadsheets.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Indeed, we will show that even when f is small and G(H.,1,W(k,t)) is not always perco­lated, if two nodes u and v are within the giant component of G(H.,1), information can eventually be transmitted from u to v over multi-hop relays.
Sentence 2: permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Thehardwareatomicity also alleviates thecomplexityofproving thecorrectnessof software optimizationsin thepresenceofmulti­processing.
Sentence 2: as a result, speculative optimizations can be performed without compensationcode,enablinga great reductionincompiler complexityto achieveagiven code quality.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Distributed Garbage Collection for Managed X10 KiyokuniKawachiya MikioTakeuchi Salikh Zakirov* Tamiya Onodera IBM Research -Tokyo 5-6-52,Toyosu,Koto-ku,Tokyo 135-8511, Japan  Abstract X10 is a programming language that incorporates distributed pro­cessing functions.Theexecution modelofX10is called APGAS , where each object belongs to a speci.c place (an abstraction of a shared-memory computer),but can be remotely referenced from other places using a mechanism named GlobalRef.
Sentence 2: inthisoverviewofthe distributedGCbehavior,additionalinter­place communication is performed only when a remote reference is removed.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This last factor is published by a Border Server, managed by the Cel­ lular Server located at Embrapa-Lowlands cell, specialized in Agroclimatological Station and located at Cap ao do Le ao Campus (campus of Federal University of Pelotas, where the LDAS is situated).
Sentence 2: the software components should be aware of their contexts of interest and, when appropriate, automatically adapt to their changes, characterizing by that context awareness [9].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The paper presents a constructive approach to the modeling, specification and analysis of application­specific security requirements.
Sentence 2: the epistemic operator KnowsVag is defined on state variables as follows: KnowsVag (v) = .x: Knowsag (x = v) ( knows value ) Knowsag (P) = Beliefag (P) .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The pervasiveness of the Cloud hosting model presents an incentive for the entertainment industry to migrate from the in-house model of hosting and operation towards the IaaS model.
Sentence 2: in the second step, the game provider selects the best mat­ching O-SLA template for the game zones based on its own policy composed of four terms: (1) the amount of clients to service computed as an estimated concurrently active ac­counts ratio from the total MMOG subscriptions, (2) the minimum instantaneous non-interruption ratio, (3) the mi­nimum total non-interruption ratio, and (4) an interval of acceptable O-SLA validity periods.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Strict referential equality, which is the default in the OCL language and is written simply _ = _ in the standard, is an overloaded concept and has to be de.ned for each OCL type individually; for ob jects resulting from class de.nitions, it is implemented by simply comparing the references to the objects.
Sentence 2: this formaliza­tion revealed several inconsistencies and contradictions in the current version of the OCL standard.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Out of 37 genealogies that lasted more than half of carol s software history (18 versions out of 37 versions), 29 of them include consistent change patterns, 24 of them comprise lo­cally unfactorable clones, and 19 of them include both con­sistent change patterns and locally unfactorable clones.
Sentence 2: if programmers wait too long before they re­structure code, they would get only marginal bene.t on their investment.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This is somehow in contrast to what is often perceived by AO research.
Sentence 2: [Wa07, PSRY05] emphasize that aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is attractive because of its ability to modularize crosscutting concerns in aspects [MBB08], orthogonally to the main decomposition of a program, thus reaching a higher modularity [So04].
Relationship: neutral