sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 2.2 Object classes Objects are partitioned into classes: for each object class (file, process, socket, ) an access vector is defined, specifying possible access modalities to the objects belonging to that class.
Sentence 2: a security context transition for an object can take place when a new object is created and it is based on the security context of the creating process and on the security context of some other related object (for example the parent directory, for a file).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: pX1| X2 (·|x" ) 3: if x"" is inside this con.dence interval then 4: D =0(* no attack detected *) 5: else 6: D =1(* attack detected *)  7: end if one of the two elements from the sample and computes the (1-a)% condifence interval for the remaining one conditioned on the chosen one.
Sentence 2: we believe that with sample .ltering we will be able to further reduce the distortion of the aggregate considering any kind of attacks.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Furthermore, circuits that con­tain a lot of gates which can be executed in parallel by the STC framework also carry the potential of lowering the over­all STC execution time.
Sentence 2: the keys corresponding to the sender s input and the garbled circuit are handed over to the second party (receiver), who retrieves the keys corresponding to his inputs by the sender using oblivious transfer.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 2.1.5.2 SUBJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION Experts, both using ACE-V, can match most print-features, but still differ on identification.
Sentence 2: the low F- and higher F+ make the Immigration and Naturalization Service's choice of hand-geometry for another potentially high-volume application, INSPASS for frequent air travelers [11], questionable, unless it was subjected to rigorous testing and analysis comparable to DisneyWorld's.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Intuitively, L represents low security (public or trusted) information, and H represents high security (secret or untrusted) information.
Sentence 2: command c is guaranteed to terminate for any execution of pro­gram c0 that starts with an initial memory that is low equivalent to m0 and reaches castp[c], after producing an output trace o' that is low equivalent to o, in memory m' that is low-equivalent to m. Formally, if O(p, m, o)= TERMINATE, then '''''' .m0,m,o.m0 L m0 .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: In this way the service provider can refine its behavior and the data it has to provide; x XML representation: access capabilities (Capability Tokens) are represented by digitally signed XML files; x SAML/XACML based: we use/extend SAML/XACML for capability token s elements.
Sentence 2: the IoT@Work project focuses on harnessing IoT technologies in industrial and automation environments.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Decomposition is a broad class of techniques in program anal­ysis and veri.cation, but most previous decomposition techniques are symmetric in the sense that each of the sub-components of the program are analyzed similarly, while a key aspect of our approach is that different components are analyzed differently.
Sentence 2: it presents the mal­ware bugs we .nd and shows that these bugs have persisted in the malware families for long periods of time, sometimes years.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: In our experiments, we noticed that even if the actual start time is underesti­mated by about 10,000 seconds (~2.8 hours), we needed to inspect atmost5%of the total node population.
Sentence 2: e2 u2,u1,t = Description Setting Number of domains 626 Number of mobile nodes 6101 Flow Inter-arrival Model Lognormal Flow Duration Model Bi-Pareto Mean Domain Residence Time (TR) 67 min Mean OFF Time 315 min Moonwalk Window Size (.t) 300 min Maximum Moonwalk Hop Count (d) 50 Table 1: Simulation Parameters.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The reduction can be performed in time O(kc + kn), where c is the number of constraints: step (1) takes time O(k + c); step (3) per­forms at most k merges; each merge takes O(k + c + n)time (since we need to merge vertices, and update constraints and the authorization relation for the new vertex set);3 .­nally, if k c we have O(k(k + c + n)= O(k(c + n)), and if c k then we perform no more than c merges in time O(c(k + c + n)) = O(ck + cn)= O(ck + kn).
Sentence 2: reducing the set of con­straints will reduce the complexity of subsequent attempts to determine the satis.ability of the work.ow speci.cation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: [36] J. H. Salim, R. Olsson, and A. Kuznetsov.
Sentence 2: if the inter-packet delay, in arriving tra.c, is large enough, to allow the receiving host to process each packet before the arrival of a new one, then, even a large burst may not intro­duce signi.cant delays into the tra.c .ow.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Further, we observed that there are 12 SNPs that are the markers of more than one disease.
Sentence 2: pa­tient P has the highest genomic privacy when the MC does not have any information about the patient s DNA sequence, hence the entropies of his SNPs are at maximum (from the Figure 5: r2 values, which are a measure of the LD strength between two SNP positions, between a set of SNP pairs (which are used in this study) using the Haploview software [11].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: We distinguish between two types of composition, where the distinction relates to the question of which protocols are being run together in the network, or in other words, with which protocols should the protocol in question com- pose.
Sentence 2: in this announcement, we consider the fea- sibility of obtaining security under concurrent composition where the scheduling of the protocol executions, including when they start and the rate at which they proceed, is ma- liciously determined by the adversary.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Now, having freed k blocks on the disk, we will write k blocks back to the positions given by S. For this, we read out of our stash queues, giving priority to the queues for lower volumes.
Sentence 2: security: Since a block from Vj , j > i is written only if the queue for Vi is already empty, blocks from Vj cannot in.uence A s view of Vi.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Third, while J¨urjens distinguishes between potential and explicit nondeterminism in order to de.ne a re.nement preserving property of con.dentiality and integrity, he does not rely on this distinction in the de.nition of his information .ow property.
Sentence 2: also, it is well known that the earlier an error is discovered, the easier and cheaper it is to .x.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: These restrictions mainly include: 1) a mobile device usually has a smaller screen size than a desktop computer; 2) a mobile device needs to be oper­able in non-stationary environments such as on public transit.
Sentence 2: (H8) Compared to a condition in relaxed mode with secondary tasks, login accuracy will be signi.cantly lower for its counterpart in timed mode.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Argue that the distributed opt-ack attack (many attackers, many victims) has potential to bring about sustained con­gestion collapse across large sections of the Internet, thus necessitating immediate action.
Sentence 2: in the implementation, we start arbitrarily at 10 times the estimated processing time, and then decrease down to the target processing time in steps of 500 µs per window.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: By returning to a memory location which performs the desired instruction and subsequently executes a return, attackers can string together a number of return-into-libc attacks which can execute arbitrary code.
Sentence 2: since ARM instructions are 32 bits and a number of these bits are used to encode the in­struction OP code, operands and parameters, operands that repre­sent immediate values will never be able to store a full 32-bit value.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Many of them focus on man­aging the context information and location data collected from the personal devices sensors.
Sentence 2: using agents towards providing security on a context-aware architecture (Position Paper) Daniel Vecchiato Instituto de Computação-LAVI Nelcileno AraújoInstituto de Computação-LAVI Cristiano Maciel Instituto de Computação-LAVI Universidade Federal de Mato Universidade Federal de Mato Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) Grosso (UFMT) Grosso (UFMT) Cuiabá, Brasildaniel@ic.ufmt.br Cuiabá, Brasilnelcileno@ic.ufmt.br Cuiabá, Brasilcmaciel@ufmt.br José Viterbo Instituto de Computação Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niterói, RJ, Brasil viterbo@ic.uff.br ABSTRACT Ubiquitous computing environments involve multifarious de­vices and human beings, each with di.erent capabilities.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Figure 5 shows that, even in the lower bound critical area, with d =6 and d = 10, probability pc is above 0.9 and above 0.99, respectively.
Sentence 2: for example, if node u overhears the packet sent from w to v,node u begins to listeninon v s tra.c as a sub-watch node (since the neigh­bor table of u has both v s and w s entries in it).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Occasionally, the cybersquat­ters would host o.ensive or mocking content on the cyber­squatting domains so that they would force the company to buy the domain from them as soon as possible [8].
Sentence 2: even if all major ISPs and hosting companies would be willing to invest in hardware with error­correction capabilities, a complete migration would require a signi.cant span of time.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Given the limited buffer space on the motes, we chose to adopt a low data rate (1 packet network like the one we had (nodes are separated from each other by 2.5ft), it is rather challenging to control the jammed region by using a real jammer.
Sentence 2: the operating system running on each mote was TinyOS version 1.1.7.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: U. of Aizu Aizu-wakamatsu Fukushima, Japan toyo @ u-aizu.ac.jp Atsuhi Kara CITEC U. of Aizu Aizu-wakamatsu Fukushima, Japan  kara@ u-aizu .ac.jp ABSTRACT We present a mathematical analysis of a new approach to fight against computer viruses through the use of their predators.
Sentence 2: (II) YT is real and well definedl Now we will show YT --) Y0" Since the product logarithm function is decreasing (Lemma 2), we have YT = --~pl°g-l(--~Yoe-ay°/r-bx°/r) >_ -~plog_l(-~YOe-OYo/r ).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: In a classic Markov model, the theoretical number of states would be equal to the number of unique functions names and subsequent function calls in the sequence would be mapped onto transitions straightforwardly.
Sentence 2: iMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION We .rst instrumented the Mozilla Firefox source code such that we can log the function calls issued to the NSPR API.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS In this section, we present and discuss the results of LBP-SRC and super-resolution schemes on light-.eld database.
Sentence 2: bP super-resolution scheme shows better performance in indoor conditions at mid-distance with 43.80% identi.cation accu­racy and 36.52% identi.cation in corridor scenario at far distance.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: For this reason, it is important to also devise experiments to test the cases in which some of the procedural assumptions are violated, intentionally or not.
Sentence 2: the ES&#38;S scanner lock was easily picked with a paper clip during our tests, while the unpickable lock on the Sequoia scanner was bypassed by removing a few screws and pulling out the lock cylinder from the scanner s chassis by hand.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Therefore, attackers can execute code with root privileges on UNIX-like systems, or as ADMINISTRATOR or SYSTEM on Windows-based systems.
Sentence 2: we note that while we concretely focus on Tresor and FireWire-based DMA, our attack is directly applicable to all CPU-bound disk encryption systems, all IA32(e)­based systems, and all peripheral busses with DMA capabilities such as Thunderbolt or ExpressCard.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: [26] G.Venkataramani,I.Doudalis,Y.Solihin,andM.Prvulovic.
Sentence 2: 3.3.3 ViolationDetection Naturally, the default policies in DEP prevent the uses of tainted data tagged with taint tag from being moved into special-purpose registers or used as branch targets or re­turn addresses.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 5.3 Energy Consumption The energy consumption of TRAP is attributed to the following three aspects: The executions of TPM commands;  The challenge and response transmission/reception (Challenge:EKAB (NA) and Response:Signature, EKAB (NB ||DigestB)inFig.
Sentence 2: [17] Trusted Platform Module AT97SC3203S SMbus Two-Wire Interface Summary.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: c2 .C(f2)}Auserset X satis.es (f1 .f2)if and only if there exist X1 and X2 such that X1 .X2 =X, X1 nX2 =Øand X1,X2 satisfy f1,f2 respectively.
Sentence 2: terms in canonical form appear to be general enough to specify many high-level security policies in practice.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: A preliminary ~et of expaximental results of the impact of the tool on system performance show that the overhead introduced by the tool is negligible from the user's perspective.
Sentence 2: other factors that may hinder the success of the tool, such as the economic one both as for the deployment, maintenance and update of such a tool, or the technical one, such as the impossibility of using mobile IP or the difficulty to tell a harmful behavior from a legitimate one, thus tak- ing punitive measures against possibly innocent users, were investigated in [4].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Second, the MTM VerifyRIMCert computes the reference value for the integrityCheckData of a RIM certi.cate in a di.erent way than the command MTM InstallRIM the for­mer creates the integrityCheckData with integrityCheckSize set to zero and the latter does not.
Sentence 2: also, an authenticated encryp­tion mode must be used when the SRK is applied, i.e.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Theseap­proaches allow for better control and decision making, but at the cost of increased computational complexity.
Sentence 2: clearly, ONVIFcanhave agreat impactin thedevelopment ofincomingprivacy-preserving videosurveillancesystems, as itopensthedoortostandard andinteroperable management of sensitive events and privacy rules.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: m When n = 94, m = 10, and r = 8, we expect the correct corner to have 2.08 times more preimages.
Sentence 2: shoulder sur.ng attacks by human adversaries are largely mitigated because the state of the GridCode challenge represents around 42-bits of entropy, beyond the human limits of 5 9 digits (16.6 29.9 bits) [17].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: TheadditionofsuhriteriawillallowYGuardtogrowwith tehnologiesastheydevelop.
Sentence 2: intheomingmonthsweplantoimplementYGuardin theLinuxkernel.Speifyingaessontrolinanoperating systemrestritsthespeifationofpermissionstoOSad­dressableobjets,butgreatlyenhanestheadministrators abilitytomanageaessrightstothoseobjets.Italsoadds thediÆultyofintereptingsystemallsanddealingwith entrenhedaessontrolmethods.urrentoper­atingsystem'srequestsarebasedsolelyonapath.Other information,suhasfletypes,aregenerallyavailableasfle extensions,indiretoryentriesorinonvenientplaesin theflestruture.Thisavoidstheproblemofdealingwith XWeb'sontextsensitivityandaddsmorepotentialfortak­ingdatavaluesintoaountintheauthorizationproess.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: THE MOVING TARGET C2 We are currently developing a prototype of the MTC2 framework to demonstrate and evaluate the proposed concepts.
Sentence 2: humans can keep the technology aligned to richer situation contexts than what can be modeled within the system itself, verify ongoing progress and effectiveness, use their expertise to shape and reshape system actions, take corrective action as needed, and contribute the human powers of perception and decision-making to the work.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Moreover, its ability to run isolated workloads concurrently with a legacy host provides a cost-e.ective solution to security sensitive workloads without using dedicated hardware platforms.
Sentence 2: the late launch ca­pability, provided by both Intel [11] and AMD [1], incurs signi.cant overhead (in the magnitude of hundreds of mil­liseconds) on every context switch to the isolated environ­ment.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The latter approach is used for stacked .le systems such as NCryptfs [34] or EncFS [20] on Linux and the Encrypting File System (EFS) introduced in Microsoft Windows 2000.
Sentence 2: 5.1 Code Complexity A main objective of our work was to minimize the com­plexity that a .le system contributes to the TCB of an appli­cation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 6.1 Quantifying Result Coverage To quantify the data accesses of users, we propose an ef.cient approach with a simple representation, coverage bit vector.
Sentence 2: the focus of sampling attacks is to .nd the queries whose results are not empty and not truncated by the limit K. To ensure uniformity of sampling, the attacker can only sample from the result set of these queries, because sampling from the top K results of other queries will be biased.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: SecurIT 12, August 17-19, 2012, Kollam, Kerala, India  Copyright 2012 ACM 978-1-4503-1822-8/12/08... $15.00 learning [2], sequential change-point detection [3,4] and so on.
Sentence 2: section 4 introduces the detection methodology.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 2.1 The Same-Origin Policy and the All-or-Nothing Trust Model The same-origin Policy (SOP) governs the access control on to­day s browsers.
Sentence 2: the protection and communication abstractions offered by today s browsers remain suitable only for a single-principal system either no trust through complete isola­tion between principals (sites) or full trust by incorporating third party code as libraries.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: In turn, when a program is 3.2 Primitive Functions of SB Figure 1: Platform architecture with SB loaded, SB measures the integrity of the program (binary code) and allocates some separate memory space for it by utilizing functions of SK.
Sentence 2: today pervasively available computing cycles and data resources have enabled various distributed applications that require collaboration among different application processes.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: We aim to open a broad and inclusive debate about the issues of openness in the mobile environment.
Sentence 2: categories &#38; Subject Descriptors: D.4.6 [Software]: Security and Protection - Access controls; Invasive software (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses); Security kernels** General Terms: Design, Security Panelists: David Barrera - Carleton University, Nathaniel Husted - Indiana University, Jean-Pierre Seifer - Deutsche Telekom Laboratories Tim Wyatt - Lookout Inc.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Since, on a cache miss for a block, the block must .rst be fetched on chip before it can be decrypted, the long latencyof decryption is added directly to the memory fetch latency, resulting in execu­tion time overheads of up to 35% (almost 17% on average) [25].
Sentence 2: it is not neces­saryto fetchandverifyall MerkleTreenodesuptothe rooton each memory access, signi.cantly improving memory bandwidth con­sumption and veri.cation performance.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: (c) corresponds to the set of actions removed from the attack model by deploy­ing c. Note that the administrator may need to take mul­tiple actions, i.e., deploy a set of countermeasures, in order to e.ect the removal of one transition in the attack graph.
Sentence 2: : C .2T such that for any countermeasure c.C, .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: IronKey Cost 8gb/ $199 AES Encrypted, will Default Security destroy data if 10 failed password checks Physical Security Self-destruction at physical tampering Password Complexity At least four characters, including upper and lower case letters, numbers, special characters, and white spaces Application Restrictions Requires administrative rights on local desktop Operating System Restrictions Windows 2000 and above, Apple OS X, and Linux  2.2.2 Kanguru Defender Kanguru Defender is a hardware encrypted USB 2.0 flash drive.
Sentence 2: if the user replies or forwards the message, it will be sent unencrypted.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: For example, includ­ing annotations increased bene.t more signi.cantly in the synthetic datasets (Figure 4(b)) when parameters were tuned to maximize bene.t, owing to additional predictions that annotations allowed to be uncovered.
Sentence 2: in fact, we can say for certain that this bene.t of 59.6% is the maximum that could be achieved by any prediction algorithm operating in an LD case, because this is the highest value reached by a tuning of the naive algorithm that is so biased towards attaining high bene.t that it makes every prediction for which there is any statistical ev­idence.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The set of requirements include: (1) malware on the client with Internet access, (2) malware that can run in the back­ground and read packet counters, (3) malware that can read the list of active TCP connections and their four tu­ples, and (4) a predictable external port number if NAT is deployed.
Sentence 2: because the latest Linux kernel since 3.0.2 has the entire 32-bit randomized for ISNs of di.erent four tuples, requirement C1 is no longer satis.ed.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: [24] K. Lorincz, D. Malan, T. Fulford-Jones, A. Nawoj, A. Clavel, V. Shnayder, G. Mainland, M. Welsh, and S. Moulton.
Sentence 2: delaying also won t work as the nodes are assumed to be in each other s communication range.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: http://www.offensivecomputing.net/.
Sentence 2: then Record System Call into F Clean e.ags end end end for fun in F do for output:oi of fun s outputs do if oi changes control .ow then Rerun malware Enforce oi for fun along execution Collect new trace Ti Collect new reqi end end end Algorithm 1: Algorithm for Control-.ow-based Exploration  3.2 Trace Analysis The analysis of an execution trace that produced a network request comprises 3 steps: identify the variant bytes in the request and the target port, recover the semantics of variant bytes in the request, and generate a regeneration slice for the variant bytes in the request and the port.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Out of 15.5 million inputs, only 82 (0.0005%) had an instruction sequence with a memory access to FS:[0x30] through the FS register satisfying the .rst condi­tion of the PEB heuristic.
Sentence 2: custom function search­ing using hashes is usually preferable in modern shellcode, since GetProcAddresstakes as argument the actual name of the func­tion to be resolved, which increases the shellcode size considerably.
Relationship: neutral