sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: As D = h · ( ph )a , we have D · ( ph )-a = h. .Nß .Nß Therefore, the receiver and another sender shouldbe atleast ·(.Nß 1 D)a cells away, and anytwo senders shouldbe atleast ph () 1 () 1 () 1 aa-2 a .Nß ph ·2p .Nß Hh = D· +1 = · +1 ph N(.-1)(a-2)ph cells apart.
Sentence 2: table2showsthat as n d 10 102 103 104 A1 271.84 279.56 292.66 295.98 A3 257.20 253.90 273.20 284.20 Table 2: Latency of Algorithms 1 and 3 with d =10 n .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: We assume that destination nodes already know source nodes and source nodes also know destination nodes.
Sentence 2: video Streaming over Overlaid Bluetooth Piconets (OBP) Sewook Jung Department of Computer Science University of California, Los Angeles 3771B Boelter Hall +1-310-206-8589  sewookj@cs.ucla.edu Alexander Chang Department of Computer Science University of California, Los Angeles 3771B Boelter Hall +1-310-206-8589  acmchang@cs.ucla.edu Mario Gerla Department of Computer Science University of California, Los Angeles 3732F Boelter Hall +1-310-825-4367  gerla@cs.ucla.edu ABSTRACT In a large scale Bluetooth network, scatternet has been regarded as the only interconnection method among piconets.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Joint Channel Assignment and Routing for Throughput Optimization in Multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks.
Sentence 2: ch fj rij (fj ) = argk max Tk|Bk <B c (5) We recall that, if the coherence bandwidth of the channel fj (Bc ) is greater than the bandwidth used for the signal (Bk), then the channel is .at fading.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: However, because the proposed algorithm and the IEEE 802.15.6 baseline MAC protocol perform slotted CSMA/CA with the priority-based channel access policy to access channel, they can gain lower average delay than the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol.
Sentence 2: [5] TG6 Technical Requirements Document (TRD), IEEE 802.15-08-0644-09-0006, Sep., 2008.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In addition, the approach utilizes the controller s knowledge of the network topology and adapts to the Software defined networks architecture.
Sentence 2: for example, In Figure 1, if packet reaches SwitchB and Interface 3 is found down, the switch can change the entry 3 in the path sequence with {2,3} to reach SwitchD but through SwitchC, based on pre-stored information.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: STUDYING TCP FOR SOME COMMON ROUTING PROTOCOLS In this section, we study the performance of two routing protocols for MANET, AODV [11] and ANSI [12, 13] using TCP .ows and provide some insights into the working of these protocols.
Sentence 2: by using TCP over MANET and understand­ing the performance of the routing protocols for MANET, we will gain a di.erent, more higher-level, per-.ow un­derstanding of our protocols.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: For instance, in our shopping mall example in Section II-A, users standing in front of a given shop will most likely be interested in retrieving information related to items of the same type of those sold in the closeby store.
Sentence 2: for the dissemination mechanisms we consider a net­work coding strategy, which has proven to be very well suited to broadcast information to a large number of nodes [3].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: 2.2.1 Sample Rate According to Nyquist Sampling theory: For real sampling, the sample rate should be the twice or larger than the band­width of the signal; For complex sampling, the sample rate should be equals to or larger than the bandwidth of the sig­nal.
Sentence 2: this low signal is even below the threshold of ADC (Analog-to-Digital Con­verter) although USRP has on-board PGA(Programmable Gain Ampli.er).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: To evaluate performance of these protocols, the real experiments are often di.cult because of di.culties of the implementation, cost for constructing test-bed, and biased results by limited samples.
Sentence 2: we did not develop MAC and PHY layer since they does not critically a.ect DTN performance and MAC and PHY layer may have an unpredictable e.ect on results.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: This implies that ESP processing in incoming packets should occur after the forwarding lookup.
Sentence 2: aBSTRACT No single administration controls the entire Internet.In­stead, competing providers work together to enforce of a wide variety of network management policies, includ­ing policies that limit the .owof management informa­tion itself.In many cases these policies are designed to keep information about the state of the network from leaking outside the network.In this position paper, we consider the rami.cations of such information-hiding policies for network management.Wediscuss mecha­nisms that might be used to enforce such policies, and argue for an open access policy.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: We consider a discrete-time model with time pe­riods indexed t =1, 2,.... At each period t, user k holds a belief or expectation on the QoS of NSP S2, denoted by g k(.2t ) where .t 2 is the fraction of subscribers at period t, and makes a subscription decision in a myopic way to maximize its expected utility in the current period.6 In particular, we specify that every user expects that the QoS in the cur­rent period is equal to that in the previous period.
Sentence 2: 1 - F, (5) 1 12 q1 - g(.t2 -1) ( p1 - p2 )( p2 ) .t = hd,2(.t-1 ,.t-1) .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Somewhat surprisingly, we find that in the multiple tree case, the Marginal Cost mechanism for the layered paradigm can be realized in polynomial time if there is no cost for enabling multicasting.
Sentence 2: we start by introducing a straightforward generalization of the Marginal Cost mechanism to sce- narios where there are multiple possible rates, and prove that this generalization has the same properties as the mechanism for single rate scenarios.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: When observed from a top tier Internet service provider (ISP), there is relatively little path exploration, and this is especially true when the pre.xes being observed are also originated from some other top tier ISPs.
Sentence 2: pcorrect is 17% for Policy, 65% for Length, 73% for Policy+Length, and 95% Usage Time.Thus we be­lieve usage time works very well for our purpose and use it throughout our study.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: After placing our system in the test bed, we realized that without an optimal solution, it is hard to judge the efficiency of such a unique system.
Sentence 2: now, if ub, db, ap, and cp refer to upload bandwidth, download bandwidth, available CPU power, and required CPU power respectively, then our system can be formulated as an ILP problem as follows: Maximize Fairness, S (1) Subject to .i Pk ij = 1 (2) .j Pk ij.S.dbj = ubi (3) .j Pk ij.cpj = api (4) .j Pk ij = |PEk|-1, where (i,j.PVk), PEk .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: On one hand, using oversimpli.ed radio propa­gation/interference models leads to the design of protocols that, although e.cient in terms of computational complex­ity and message overhead, might display a considerably dif­ferent behavior from what is expected when utilized in a practical scenario.
Sentence 2: rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, US, 2002.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: 1if Pi is chosen xi = i=1,2,...,N. (b) 0else xi =I(A(Pi) >A(P0)), (c) where I(·) is the indicator function Instead of using the weighted sum of the interval spiral angle and the distance to the ideal spiral as the cost function, another linear programming (LP2) can be formulated by changing the cost function to the ratio of the above two terms.
Sentence 2: here the search refers to as the energy con­sumed in path setup for either dissemination or query.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: of asymmetric links 21 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36Cumulative Asymmetry-lasting time (minute) 40 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8Correlation coefficient 1 0 Flows with possible intermediate nodes (a) Various types of asymmetric links (b) Limitation of bi-directionality (c) Bene.ts of uni-directionality Figure 14: Bene.ts of uni-directionality s on link-asymmetry awareness: Wireless link quality is often asymmetric as shown in (a), and the good-quality direction of an asymmetric link is under-estimated since the bi-directional result is affected mainly by the poor-quality direction as shown in (b).
Sentence 2: first, Broad-cast­based Active Probing (BAP) has been widely used for link-quality­aware routing [14, 17, 21].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In summary, IMP calculates the net bene.t of prefetching an item over a particular type of network as bene.t minus cost, or: Tfetch × Accuracy - (cenergy × (Epre f etch - Accuracy × Efetch)+ cdata × (Dpre f etch - Accuracy × Dfetch)) If this value is positive for a single network type, IMP prefetches the item over that network.
Sentence 2: we gathered this trace by driving a vehicle equipped with WiFi and Sprint 3G network interfaces and continuously measuring the downlink and uplink bandwidth and latency via active probing to a server at the University of Michigan.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: As before, the Route-Views data provides X s existing route for each pre.x p. Finally, we used CAIDA s AS relationship data [35] to determine X s relation with Z.
Sentence 2: each row corresponds to a scenario with one site acting as the pre.x owner (O) and the four other sites emulating the Intercepting ISP some of these sites advertise the invalid route (.)
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: On the other hand the actual SpiNNaker is aware of these failures and would route the packets through trusted paths.
Sentence 2: for example using the largest configuration (over 65 thousand nodes) and 1024 failed links, the SpiNNaker topology without emergency routing dropped roughly 25% of packets, the 3D torus dropped 8% of packets and SpiNNaker with emergency routing dropped only 0.2% of packets.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Figure 6 (a) also im­plies that the number of routing groups is not a signi.cant factor of the routing overhead.
Sentence 2: if the number of routing groups is and anycast addresses are evenly distributed into routing groups, it is trivial to show that the anycast routing table of each router is bounded v by O( N), where N denoted the number of anycast groups.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Routing path pattern for a packet pfrom processor Pi,j,k targeted to the processor Pi ' ,j ' ,k ' at the .rst phase routing can be evaluated by Algorithm Evaluate path pattern A. Algorithm Evaluate path pattern A Let block size be b; s =li -i'l÷b; t =lj -'l÷b; u =lk - jk'l÷b; Return(«s, t, u »); In the Algorithm lxlmeans the absolute value of xand ÷is the integer division operator.
Sentence 2: the two-phase routing protocol enables to ef.ciently react on uneven distributions of packets.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Indeed if one edges correspond to those that surround a BGP peering location, considers a set of four ASes good enough for pinpointing the in­e.g., AS1 and AS2 are peers and the instability set contains (AS1­stability, we succeed for more than 90% of the cases with only two AS1, AS1-AS2, AS2-AS2).
Sentence 2: we refer to the location of a routing instability, either internal to an AS or between two ASes with BGP peering session(s), as an in­stability origin, and refer to the resulting sequence of BGP update messages as an instability burst.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Further, since the WiSee receiver requires repetitive positive and negative Doppler shifts to occur at a particu­lar range of speeds (0.25 m/s to 4 m/s), it is unlikely that even typical environmental and mechanical variations would produce them.
Sentence 2: as described in §1, MIMO decoding requires a known preamble to compute the MIMO channel of the target user.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Existence ratio Figure 2.
Sentence 2: they prove that the problem af­ter weight scaling is polynomially solvable by an extended version of Dijkstra s (or Bellman-Ford) algorithm, and any solution to the latter is also a solution to the original MCP problem.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: RELATED WORK There have been many studies that have focused on understand­ing and characterizing the usage of smartphone traf.c [7 9, 12, 14 16].
Sentence 2: another key difference is our focus on studying in-depth the user applications and traf­.c demands in relation to the events of the game (e.g., during the power outage) and where they take place within the stadium.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In such cases where a data packet is destined for a specific node, energy wastage due to over-hearing is an issue, i.e., a node receives a packet which was not intended for it.
Sentence 2: figure 6 show that when sending broadcast packets, SpeckMAC-B consumed more energy than SpeckMAC- D. when unicast packets were transmitted, SpeckMAC-B turned on its receiver for a shorter duration as a node was able to distinguish whether it was the intended destination using the wakeup frame and the receiver was turned on or off accordingly.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Similarly, in DL, the expected bandwidths for RM, DM, and CM are respectively obtained as BDL DL tot bRM = NDL , (14) +1 RM BDL DL tot b= , (15) DM NDL + NDL + NDL +1 cell DM CM and BDL 1 DL tot b= · .
Sentence 2: by considering resources to be allocated to DUEs i and j, the pair measures received signal strengths Ri,km and Rj,km [dBm]from UE km (UE km .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Militarynetworks,whiharebyfarthemostprevalentappli­ationofmobileadhonetworks,ontainasignifantnum­beroflargenodes(suhastanks,airplanes).Thesizeofthese platformsmakestheformfatorofmostantennasquiteirrel­evant.Further,eahplatformbyitselfissoexpensivethat theostofeventhemostsophistiatedantennaisdwarfed byomparison.Thus,beamformingantennasareextremely relevanttomilitarynetworks.Anaddedbonusisthatuseof diretionaltransmissionshavebetterimmunitytojammers andeavesdroppers.
Sentence 2: [4]A.Nasipuri,S.Ye,andR.E.Hiromoto,"AMACProtool forMobileAdHoNetworksUsingDiretionalAntennas,"  ProeedingsoftheIEEEWirelessCommuniationsand NetworkingConferene(WCNC),2000.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: The mPlatform modules themselves are powered by theTwinStarpowerboard.
Sentence 2: the mPlatfom[3]isdesignedas a modular sensornetplat-formbyMicrosoftResearch,andit coulddynamicallyrecon­.gure the systemhardware structure to meet speci.c system requirements, by using a CPLD bus to interconnect multi­ple boards into a functional sensor stack.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: IEEE Network, 21(6):54 62, 2007.
Sentence 2: one of the important points in this context is the devel­opment of mechanisms that are able to support transpar­ent service continuity across di.erent integrated networks Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Since our cache size is set to 20,wecanseeinthe .gurethatforasmallportion(around 5%) of incoming packets, all the 20 rules are searched.
Sentence 2: we believe that our design of packet classi.cation functions can be a useful classi.cation building block for RouteBricks-style designs, where a core router might be constructed as a mesh of regular desktop machines.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: TCP Scanning Detection: At a network vantage point, during TCP scanning activity such as portscan, a detection device can observe a large number of SYN packets to a par­ticular port but with no corresponding FIN packets that correspond to legal tearing down of the connection.
Sentence 2: reliance on TCP: Network Telescopes can observe source address spoofed attacks using a wide variety of protocols including TCP, UDP, ICMP as opposed to PCFs that are designed only for TCP.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: If most jobs are small enough to .t within a rack, few jobs need to straddle the rack boundaries.
Sentence 2: figure 16 shows that after the ramp-up phase, under 80% load, on average around 795 out of the 920 total concurrent jobs are allocated within level-1 subtrees, Time (sec) Time (sec) (a)With 80% load.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: With the additional assumption of time-scale separation [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12] between time-slot and .ow levels, we conclude that at the .ow level each class is served according to the processor sharing (PS) service discipline.
Sentence 2: to mitigate this problem, we attempt to exploit the high aggregate downlink trans­mission rate as much as possible (by using the dd mode) and modify the HU policy to get the H3 policy.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Generally, the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP) with an order of 160 bit prime o.ers approximately the same level of security as the dis­crete logarithm problem (DLP) with 1024 bit modulus [17, 18, 19, 20].
Sentence 2: [16] E. J. Yoon and K. Y. Yoo A new biometric-based user authentication scheme without using password for wireless sensor networks, 2011 20th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, pp.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: The landscape plots of Figure 2 illustrate this non-locality comparing the concurrency plots against the no competition plot shows that interference decreases throughput for all receiver locations, by an amount that decreases smoothly with distance.
Sentence 2: a fixed-bitrate protocol would generally exhibit a sudden large decrease in throughput for locations close enough to the interferer that the SNR is not able to support the bitrate.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Looking at the speci.cation of AODV and AODV-based protocols, loop freedom is claimed in the preamble; the justi.cation is then given by a short in­formal statement.
Sentence 2: this part of the RFC prescribes the replacement of an existing destination sequence number in a routing table entry with one that may AODV control message.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In that case, the PAN moves directly to the Explore Channels state and identifies a new channel of operation.
Sentence 2: interference Detection and Mitigation in IEEE 802.15.4 Networks Rahul C. Shah Intel Corporation rahul.c.shah@intel.com  Abstract Proper frequency planning is essential to enable multiple IEEE 802.15.4 networks to coexist in the same space, otherwise the network performance can be adversely affected due to interference.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Even if that .uctuation happens, one would expect that all satellite users within the same time­zone of the satellite coverage area would exhibit the same usage pattern (similar to .gures 2(a) and 2(b)) and have peak usage periods at the same time.
Sentence 2: categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.2 [Computer-Communications Networks]: Network Protocols-Applications;C.4 [Performance of Systems]: Performance attributes General Terms Measurement, Performance  Keywords Ruralnetwork,Socialnetwork,Tra.c analysis, Developing regions, Localization 1.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: We make the following contributions:  Compared to previous passive TCP parameter estima­tion techniques [2, 10, 11, 13, 14], our approach does not require packet traces and requires no online pro­cessing of .ow records except for a simple, constant time .lter.
Sentence 2: we call the set of all (application, content-provider) types that satisfy these criteria the Throughput Index (TI).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Incoming Space (S P i ): It represents original header spaces 3.1 Violation Detection of packets that can pass through the .ow path, denoted as Flow packet violations can be handled by using the traditional [P s i , P d i ].technique for .rewall packet .ltering.
Sentence 2: as depicted in Figures 3(b), FLOWGUARD spent less than 25 ms to resolve each violation in the network with a large number of .ow rules.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: One obvious way to minimize the number of times rekeying is needed is to enhance the network resilience (NC *), by using a lower value of m and a quite larger value of k. Since rekeying is performed early enough before reaching Nc, we can afford to use a smaller value of t to save the storage space Figure 5.b.
Sentence 2: as a result of the above messages being broadcasted, member N0 will be evicted and the new keys K1 , K2 , K3 and K4 will be made available to only those nodes that possessed keys K1, K2 K3, and K4.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Although these solutions arehighly diverse,they all assume a wireless network in which nodes are ready to receive packets andfocus mainlyon the transmission side, a topic ofinter­est thathas resultedinhundreds ofpublications.
Sentence 2: sec­ond, even without collisions, the number of redundant transmis­sionsis stilllarge especially when the networkdensityishigh.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: These results are compared against the case where data is not compressed at the relay node but simply forwarded to­wards the sink at the routing layer.
Sentence 2: if we denote with .xg = Pxg(.g)/.g the proportion­ality constant, it appears that .xg is the enery toll associ­ated to the processing of each individual frame, irrespective of its size or radio transmission parameters.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: Levels of .ow aggregation An important property of the DRQoS scheme is that a .ooding attack is effectively quenched by the .rst DRQoS­compliant node downstream from the attacking node [8].
Sentence 2: l2: Flows are aggregated on the basis of a common source node and a common in-hop/out-hop port pair.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: for a WLAN to detect that it is unfairly causing starvation to a neighboring network andhaveincorporate this capabilityinto the learning schemes.Thishas resultedin socially conscious channel selection schemes, which we have shown through simulations to performbetterthan existingschemesinprovidingahigher system fairness, aggregatethroughputandminimum .owthroughput.
Sentence 2: in fact, both T1 and T3 can even be transmitting simultaneously.This resultsin a muchlimitedtransmission oppor­tunityforT2,comparedtoT1andT3.Subsequently,traf.conLink 2becomesstarvedwhilethoseonLinks1and3remainhigh.In[7], thisisknown astheFlow-In-the-Middle(FIM)effect.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In order to enable route optimization for the incoming packets the LMA of the CN sends a Correspondent Binding Update (CBU) towards the LMA of the foreign network, where it is forwarded to the MAG the MR is currently attached to.
Sentence 2: an additional field is added that contains the address of the MRs primary LMA, as learned through the additional information that the MR included in its BU.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Networks
Sentence 1: In this way, only one bit of information needs to be tested for each crosspoint buffer dur­ing input scheduling, and the testing of all the crosspoint buffers of the same input port can be conducted in parallel to minimize the time cost.
Sentence 2: since the input scheduling of LAPS is work-conserving and Qij (t)> 0, either Qij is sending packets to Bij , or another virtual queue Qik of the ith input port is sending packets to Bik.
Relationship: neutral