sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Unfortunately, the amount of data that can be placed on optical media is constrained, and in any event, studios would rather use the space to offer consumers additional video features than devote significant space to storing movie variations for forensic purposes.
Sentence 2: sCOTT implements the recursive Set Cover Tracing algorithm: when trying to find a coalition of size T, for example, it picks a player, removes all the movies that that player explains, and then recursively run the algorithm on the reduced movie list looking for a coalition of size T-1 that explains it.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: For instance, assuming that the list of possible cues/targets are 0, ,9 and they follow a predetermined fixed order, then the targets 4 and 5 have the minimum average response time.
Sentence 2: it remains a question if an even better the user is asked to: 1) find the hidden response in the button design can be made to further reduce the average login time.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: For example, the operating system may update a .eld representing a performance counter quite frequently, but its value is not signi.­cant to the correct operation of the OS.
Sentence 2: the constraints check to see that the Type and Size .elds match prede.ned con­stants, that the ThreadListHead pointer is greater than a certain value, and that the DirectoryTableBase is aligned to 0x20 bytes.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: We use E1 in Algorithm 1 for sampling the den­drogram and E2 in Algorithm 2 for calculating the prob­abilities associated with the sampled dendrogram.
Sentence 2: v do 4 Find the lowest common ancestor r of i and j in Tsample; 5 Place an edge in GGbetween i and j with independent probability pGr; 6 end 7 return sanitized graph GG; also a method to sample an output x .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: One benefit of using the X.509 certificates with SAML assertions is that user data is propagated through Kraken to TGCDB for every job, so per-user job data and statistics for the gateway can be retrieved using the TeraGrid's new centralized REST-based information service.
Sentence 2: iNTRODUCTION As the popularity of science gateways and their use for access to TeraGrid computational science resources continues to grow, so do the methods of implementation of these science gateways.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Analog to the frame size, also c~ is a parameter that in-fluences the trade-off between perceptual transparency and detection reliability: very small/large values of a may result in perceptual transparency/distortions and low/high water- mark detection reliabilities.
Sentence 2: detection: The SPOMF cross-correlation approach offered a robust technology for blind detection of wa- termarks in digital audio.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Instead of publishing an n-gram signature, we can instead insert the n-grams into a Bloom .lter and publish it.2 Since Bloom .lters support both insert and verify, set 2This is not to be confused with Anagram s use of a BF model; here, individual alerts are placed into Bloom .lters.
Sentence 2: z-Strings still have an O(n lg n) creation overhead in the size of the alphabet.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: POSTER: Identity-Based Steganography and Its Applications to Censorship Resistance Tim Ruf.ngSaarland University Jonas Schneider Saarland University Aniket Kate MMCI, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany tim.ruf.ng@stud.uni­saarland.de Saarbrücken, Germany s9joscne@stud.uni­saarland.de Saarbrücken, Germany aniket@mmci.uni­saarland.de ABSTRACT The use of public-key steganography has been proposed for several censorship-resistance systems.
Sentence 2: in identity-based encryption, forward security can be achieved by dividing time into intervals and concatenating the current interval to the identity string.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: From the above lemma, to determine the maximal l.xl2 over the polyhedron P it is su.cient to compute l.xl2 at each vertex of the polyhedron.
Sentence 2: conse­quently, to be able to deal with continuous-time plants it is necessary to discretize the controlled plant, while taking into account real-time issues introduced by com­munication and computation schedules.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: For instance, in some UNIX based systems an IP address is locked when R repeated attempts come from a particular IP address, even if different usernames m are used.
Sentence 2: the attacker wants to find g = p so k i that when (m , g ) = (m , p ) is presented to S, access is granted ik ii and attacker is accepted as a user.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: H(K~IS~,...,Sn ) = H(Kj): We note that, for each j, the polynomials s~°~)ix, y), s~(bD"(x,y), and r~(x,y) " from which secret key points are taken are selected randomly and independent from the selection of any Kj, p~(x), or q~(x).
Sentence 2: later in the paper, we sketch an extension to our proto-col which allows self-enforcement.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: In this case, whenever a guest accesses a con.guration space, the request is intercepted by the VMM, which incurs a signi.cant per­formance overhead.
Sentence 2: for example, in Type I VMMs (such as Xen), there is no host OS but only the VMM and a privileged VM (e.g., Xen s Dom0) that man­ages other unprivileged guest virtual machines.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: There are also many approaches [35, 37, 4, 16, 13, 5, 33] for controlling access to services and trust manage­ment in distributed systems and an advanced standardiza­tion process for policies and access control (see for instance the OASIS proposals [12, 26]).
Sentence 2: thus we propose to use BPEL4WS itself as a language in which requests are coded.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: While this dependence enforces a strict or-der on the key setup, it does not alter the basic techniques for accomplishing it.
Sentence 2: their scheme, as a result of taking this approach, only achieves robustness again.gt corrupt servers out of a total of n. This is so since it is based on the architecture suggested in [7], in which each layer of decryption is performed by a quorum of participants, none of which - due to requirements of privacy - may participate in any other layer.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Attackers can use QR codes for various types of attacks.
Sentence 2: we installed them in a HTC Nexus One with Android 2.3.6 and used them to scan QR codes with benign URLs randomly chosen from DMOZ [13], a manually edited directory, and QR codes with malicious URLs selected from PhishTank [14], a blacklist of phishing URLs, to find out the features of these scanners.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: A Portable TPM Based on USB Key Dawei Zhang Zhen Han School of Computer and Information School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, China University, China dwzhang@bjtu.eu.cn zhan@bjtu.edu.cn Guangwen Yan Research Division, Beijing Watchdata System Company, China guangwen.yan@watchdata.com  ABSTRACT Trusted computing technology aims to enhance the security of platform by the TPM.
Sentence 2: the first two problems discussed in section 1 are solved with PTM.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 4 Senator Leahy (D-VT) has a bill in Congress that could close some, if not many, of these holes (S. 854 or the E-RIGHTS Act of the 106th Congress).
Sentence 2: : Privacy Concerns and Solutions for Server and Client-Side Storage of Personal Information Deirdre Mulligan and Ari Schwartz Center for Democracy and Technology The best way for a well-meaning company to avoid a privacy gaffe is to refrain from collecting any personal information.1 while companies should limit collection of information to only what is necessary to complete a transaction,2 interactions often require more information.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: In our mimimorphic enginedesign, we selectMT19937PRNG[38], which claims to have equidistribution in 623 dimensions.
Sentence 2: this needto handle n-th ordered compartment of nonsense words cannotbear any resemblance toBbecause this taskis aHuffman showedin[1],[2],[3] among others.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Since the RSs considered in this paper are all of the amplify-and-forward (AF) type, the transmission power of RSs is fixed in this paper.
Sentence 2: in this paper, we propose a subcarrier, bit, and power allocation approach for multiuser OFDM that is designed to minimize the total transmission power under constraints consisting of the users QoS requirements and the overall resource availability.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The user now faces a complex decision: commit early and risk per­manently installing some malware, or commit late and have a hard time reconciling several views of the system.
Sentence 2: we believe the applica­bility of this approach is limited primarily to environments where a single entity is responsible for determining what software can be installed on all machines, such as organiza­tions with centralized IT management, or to environments allowing automatic software updates from trusted entities to be applied to machines for individual users.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: IDtrust '08, March 4-6, 2008 Gaithersburg, MD Copyright 2008 ACM 978-1-60558-066-1 $5.00 1.
Sentence 2: now, it is just as important that the status of the PKI auditors also be conveyed to receivers, and for that purpose, a special digital certificate will similarly be issued by (or on behalf of) an accreditation body to each accredited PKI auditor.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Then, after closing the session, the server removes both the tentative user and the corresponding permissions from the matrices.
Sentence 2: c C For this state, when Bob activates c2 by session s2 (i.e., ses ci(s2)= {c2 } and ses ui(s2)= Bob), by condition (C1­3) he has the permissions p1 and p2 .
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: However, a jammer using higher power will further decrease the PDR value and increase the SS measurement, thus pushing the resulting (PDR, S S) pair further towards the upper left corner, making it more distinct the benign-region.
Sentence 2: we next examined the issue of whether spectral discrimi­nation techniques would be able to distinguish between nor­mal and jammed scenarios.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: In compar­ison to distant downstream control, the local upstream con­trol has higherperformance because there is no time-delay in G 1(s)and the achievable bandwidth is only limitedbyac­tuator s limitation.
Sentence 2: (32) ¯ ¯ where B(.¯i,Pi)=(B1(.¯i)-B2(.¯i,Pi)-B3(.¯i)).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Broadcast:Let Gp = {j - i · d}0=i<min(j/d,l), and Gq = jj {j + i · d}0=i<min((m-j)/d,l) .In the jth session key dis­tribution, given the sets of revoked member IDs for sessions From the broadcast step in Scheme 5, it is obvious that the com­munication overhead of this generalized scheme is the same as Scheme 4.
Sentence 2: {U1, ..., Un}such that |R|=t, the group manager can generate a broad­cast B, such that for all Ui ./R, Ui can recover ki (i.e., H(ki|B,Si)=0), but the revoked group members cannot recover any of the keys (i.e., H(k1, ..., kn|B, {Si.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: MetaChecker takes the MetaStrings object that contains the query about to be executed as a parameter.
Sentence 2: unfortunately, the current implementation of the Java 5 instru­mentation package is still incomplete and does not yet provide some key features needed by WA S P. it does not allow for clearing the final .ag in the string library classes, which pre­vents the MetaStrings library from extending them.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: As stated pre­viously, this was done to eliminate the possible bene.ts of partial network sharing between distinct policies, as network sharing improves the performance of Clouseau.
Sentence 2: in Section 6, we show that policies as complex as even the most complicated policies used in Becker s formalization of the security requirements for the UK s electronic health records service [2] can be analyzed by Clouseau in under 100 ms.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: A thread which exceeds its wcet and which is unconstrained by our countermeasure may prevent lower prioritised threads from executing for a longer time but this prevention can le­gitimately be seen.
Sentence 2: still an admission for our modi.ed scheduler performs no worse compared to an admission for a classical scheduler as far as blocking due to nonpreemptibil­ity is concerned.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Sotiris Ioannidis Angelos D. Keromytis Steve M. Bellovin Jonathan M. Smith Univ.
Sentence 2: communiationbetweenthepoliydaemonandtheker­nelispossible,aswementionedearlier,usingthepoliy devie.Thedaemonreeiveseahrequest(seeFigure7) fromthekernelbyreadingthedevie.Therequestontains alltheinformationrelevanttothatonnetionasdesribed inSetion4.1.Proessingoftherequestisdonebythedae­monusingtheKeyNotelibrary,andadeisiontoaept ordenyitisreahed.Finallythedaemonwritesthereply baktothekernelandwaitsforthenextrequest.Whilethe informationreeivedinapartiularmessageisappliation­dependent(inourase,relevanttothedistributedfrewall), thedaemonitselfhasnoawarenessofthespeifapplia­tion.itanbeusedtoprovidepoliyresolutionser­viesformanydiferentappliations,literallywithoutany modifations.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: It is clear that a hybrid server is more powerful than others.
Sentence 2: as to the relationships of various secu­rity properties, the IND-CPA security against an outside at­tacker is implied by the ciphertext indistinguishability prop­erty against a Type-I server and the message-dependent trapdoor indistinguishability property (to be presented in the full paper due to space limit).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Started out as a natural evolution of component-based sys­tems, SOCinherited theprinciple of encapsulatingfunction­ality into reusable elements with explicitly described inter­faces.
Sentence 2: the user of the frameworkis aBusinessAnalyst(BA) of a stockbrokering .rm who wishes to design and realise a service-based appli­cation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Up to the point of creating an oracle failure, the view of (Al 1,Al 2,A3l ) is identical if instead of using H to generate the randomness used during the encryption of the challenge ciphertext, this randomness is generated uniformly at ran­dom.
Sentence 2: the .rst step is to precisely de.ne what it means for a Worry-Free Encryption scheme to be CCA2 secure.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: // before   <set attributeName="onclick" to=" javascript : alert (1) //">    // after     Listing 5: A malicious SVG before and after puri.cation  Section 5 will further build upon the results of this pu­ri.cation process and furnish insight into how far this (for XML data unconventional) approach a.ects the visual in­formation provided by the SVG test set.
Sentence 2: we decided to convert the SVG .les to Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format and then perform the comparative step.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Indeed, WSP(=) can be solved in polyno­mial time [17] for constraints of Crampton s form.
Sentence 2: finally, we note that there are several ways in which the construction of an organizational hierarchy from a manage­ment tree described above could be modi.ed: for example, each iteration might collapse a single sub-tree rather than all sub-trees or each iteration might immediately collapse the root node and all the leaf nodes into a single node.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: In Plutus, in addition to SiRiUS style access control mechanism, a .le owner gives a write token to every writer.
Sentence 2: [60] B. Pawlowski, S. Shepler, C. Beame, B. Callaghan, M. Eisler, D. Noveck, D. Robinson, and R. Thurlow.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The third one is that the signatures we used now are man­ually generated.
Sentence 2: as most existing high­interaction client honeypot systems [45, 32, 39] still rely on events at system API level, the abnormal behaviors they detected are more likely to be from the malicious activi­ties of downloaded malware, rather than activities directly from the malicious web pages.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: After calculating the graph density for both our sample criminal relationship and a public entire Twitter snapshot[25] containing 41.7 million users and 1.47 billion edges, we .nd that the graph density of our sample criminal relationship graph, which is 2.33 × 10-3,ismuch higher than that of the Twitter snapshot, which is 8.45 × 10-7 .
Sentence 2: due to the limitation of the analyzed dataset, it fails to reveal in-depth structural di.erences to answer the questions mentioned in 7 We acknowledge that the numbers of CA and MA are the low bound of real numbers in the dataset, because we can not detect all CA and MA by simply using GSB itself.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: (Although this seems to duplicate the setting from Section 2.2.1, this is required in case the guest OS may allocate new pages right before we start to out-graft.)
Sentence 2: relocat­ing a suspect process can be initiated as determined by an administration policy, say a process can be brought under scrutiny either periodically, at random time intervals or us­ing certain event triggers.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: With the addition of the subprotocol, the revised Rabin protocol can now be proven secure assuming it is computa- tionally infeasible to factor the product of two large primes.
Sentence 2: iNTRODUCTION Although Michael Fischer is best known for his seminal work in distributed consensus and his early work in complex- ity theory, he has also made a number of contributions at the intersection of cryptography and distributed computing--cryptographic protocols.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Finally, we give the group manager the ability to spread the cost of personal key distribution over multiple sessions, rather than having to distribute new personal keys to all users at the same time.
Sentence 2: the particular implementation described in Fig- ure 2 allows an attack on the system when 5 _> 2, whereby a member who is active in time j -1 and revoked in time j can still find Kj.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The first is developed in sections 3 and 4 and is devoted to refine Markowitz study extending it to all operations.
Sentence 2: the relational schema of Example 2 does not satisfies D1 because 111 is involved in both R(R2) and C(Rz); in such a way, 112 is a source of potential anomalies.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Stream: The stanford stream data manager.
Sentence 2: indeed, a user is authorized to perform an aggregate operator if he/she is authorized to read the stream denoted by R.Objs.STRs or there exists one or more ac­cess control policies granting R.u the aggregate privilege speci­.ed in R.p on the stream denoted by R.Objs.STRs.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: erated) identity management systems, direct communications be­tween providers on user s ID information are typically required, which, however, is undesirable as providers may learn about the user beyond necessary.
Sentence 2: the main difference with these proposed privacy-aware ID management solutions and our approach is that we study ID management in the client-side mashup environment through a novel and ef.cient mashlet relay framework.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: Our approach di.ers, that we provide interactions, so that users are able to steer the feature se­lection process.
Sentence 2: the ana­lyzed and aggregated time-series are displayed in a zoomable tabular interface to provide the analyst an interactive explo­ration interface for time-series data, while our approach is more general to include also other data types (e.g., frequent words or users, hierarchical overviews) addressing DC4.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The accelerometer sam­pling always terminates at the same time when video )... stops recording (time noted as 3) During the horizontal move, if the light sensor detects that the ambient illumination is very low, the system will change the majority of screen area to brighter filter, which isolates the force of gravity.
Sentence 2: they are much more time-consuming and difficult to use.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: 3.3 Step 2: Use a Single Uniform Statement As mentioned earlier, several basic blocks in L ´ o and Sal´Kiss simplementationstillcontainbranches: the if-else re­veals adecisionpoint.
Sentence 2: even if there were millions of basic blocks, an attack would still require 2140 attempts to .nd a usable preimage value.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: The performance of PCR Extend is similarly quick and takes less than 1 ms on the Broadcom TPM.
Sentence 2: by verifying the attestation from the .rst Flicker session, the client is convinced that the correct PAL exe­cuted, that the legitimate PAL created a fresh keypair, and that the SLB Core erased all secrets before returning con­trol to the untrusted OS.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: While the number of stores does not a.ect the solution if the key is only stored on a single system (Single system in Figure 7), it is a.ected when partitioning or replicating the key on all stores at hand.
Sentence 2: while each node that represents a bundle needs to be rel­evant (4), each relevant node has to represent a bundle or a parent node has to be relevant (5).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: For this study, we .xed the Phishiness value of unknown tokens to 0.5, which is also equivalent to the default value of robx spec­i.ed by Robinson s constants in [10].
Sentence 2: the study analyzes over 70,000 legit­imate and phishing URLs collected over 6 months period from PhishTank1, Khalifa University HTTP logs and volun­teers using an experimental HTTP proxy server.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Security and privacy
Sentence 1: A more higher-level approach is to base policies on security-sensitive language features that are speci.c to AOP.
Sentence 2: in general, there are three di.erent (run-time) scenarios in which a security-sensitive access attempt trig­gered from an (source-level) aspect can occur: the original class is modi.ed by the aspect and accesses the sensitive logic  a class that represents the aspect accesses the sensitive logic  some other module that is a.ected by the same aspect accesses the sensitive logic  For the second case, the problem can be addressed in a quite straightforward manner: since the identity of the as­pect is identical to the identity of a class, the Java permis­sion system can be applied directly to control the access attempt.5 a permission check could be intro­duced by the compiler such as the following: AccessController.checkPermission(new AspectPer­mission(target, action)) ; Remark that for the target parameter it would make sense to support both module-level identities and more .ne-grained targets such as class methods and members.
Relationship: neutral