sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The subscript next to each tree node label represents the path to that particular subtree.
Sentence 2: eitherE sC E = Either (a,b,c) Bool sC 2= Bool sC 1= (a,b,c) sC 1, 1= a sC 1, 3= c We are now ready to de.ne pointwise uni.ers.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In Retwis, this scenario may result in different timelines for different users.
Sentence 2: the social network data used in the benchmarks contained 100,000 users, and the connections were generated using a Zipf distribution with a size of 20 and a skew of 1, shifted by one.8 each user followed at least one other user, 50% of users followed up to four other users, and 95% of users followed up to 17 other users.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However, we strongly believe that even if avoiding a pragmatic view on the results pre­sented in previous sections, we can already make use of all variables allocated to the context of the RE dimension while explicitly opting for those for which the measurements is in­herently subjective.
Sentence 2: the results increase the aware­ness of those variables that demand for expert judgement, thus, allowing us to calibrate the experimental setting, e.g., via survey research.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Unlike regular ML functions which are instantaneous, a process can last several instants.
Sentence 2: levelorder awaits the next instant by using the pause operator and then 1The compiler, the extended version of the paper [13] and the examples mentioned in the paper are available at: http://reactiveml.org/ppdp13 2http://www.reactiveml.org recursively calls itself on the left and right children in parallel.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Akin to typical build processes, the depicted script defines global variables (e.g., based on target) and loads global properties from an external file.
Sentence 2: it defines individual production rules such as clean for repeated instantiation, createGenericInstance (depending on clean) for handling a (rather simple) product line composition and createCocktailArtifacts to instantiate specific artifacts using VTL.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Let b be the block num- ber function for array A0, b(k) = l.~r.//T./ _L AD~ J + 1, where k is an integer number in the range [l:ADim] and T is the total number of cooperating threads in the system.
Sentence 2: block of number r is owned by thread r. Given itera- tion i of the reduction loop, we define B,~i,~ (B,~a=) as the minimum (maximum) number of all blocks written in such iteration, Bmln(i) = min{b(fl(i)), b(f2(i)), ...}, Bma=(i) = max{b(fl(i)), b(f2(i)), ...}.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We would like to be able to write fact = begindef dup push 0 eq if_ pop push 1 then_ dup push 1 sub fact mul else_ enddef but this fails to typecheck.
Sentence 2: it fails the occurs check because it needs polymorphic recursion the inner fact is called with one more integer on the stack than the outer fact.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The re­production rights not only depend on the credit (and creden­tials) of the user, but also on the nature of the document.
Sentence 2: the reproduction of color documents is prohibited for standard users, because on the one hand printing color is expensive, and on the other hand such a document may contain seals or stamps which authenticate the original doc­ument.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In object-oriented programming, defining roles are often realized by subclassing an abstract superclass to achieve different but related behaviors; superimposed roles are often interfaces that define behavior and responsibilities.4 5.3.1 Roles and crosscutting Superimposed roles lead to three different kinds of crosscutting among patterns and participants: Roles can crosscut participant classes.
Sentence 2: for 1 role, there can be n classes, and 1 class can have n roles; i.e.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.4 [Software Engineer­ing]:Software/ProgramVeri.cation; D.1.3[Programming Tech­niques]:Concurrent Programming General Terms Algorithm,Design,Veri.cation Keywords bug, pattern, detector, .xer, concurrency, parallelism, static analysis,program analysis 1.
Sentence 2: introduction Multi-cores have encouraged more programmers to write concur­rent software.But, writing concurrent softwareisdif.cult and simi­larbugskeep showing upin concurrentprograms.Cataloging com­mon bug patterns in concurrent programs is an active research do­main, and theSEICERT catalog[3]is a recentand comprehensive catalog of concurrency bugpatternsinJava.The existence of abug patterndoes notnecessarilyimply abug.somebug patterns are considered as bad practices that might lead to future bugs as the software evolves.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Every relation with an evolvable key column is also a monotonicity-preserving function.
Sentence 2: if k and k' are values of a key column and k î k', (and all other key columns are identical), then for each non-key column, if v (respectively v') is that column s value in the row with key k (respectively k'), then v î v'.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: (1) Write miss = (2) Region data (exclusive) (3) Read or write miss Home ,=   4.2 RuntimeOptimizations: Adaptive Lazy Flushing The coherence protocol described in Section 3.3 invalidates and possibly flushes all data in a thread's working memory at each synchronization point.
Sentence 2: the protocol exactly follows the specification of Java's memory model, which po- tentially leads to much interprocessor communication.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To ensure that CIM represents a commutative measure we de.ne the overall call-based co­hesion between the method mi and mj as follows: CIM(mi,mj )= CIM(mj ,mi)= max {CIMi.j ,CIMj.i} In addition to the structural information, we also exploit the semantic information from the source code to compute the degree to which two methods contribute to the cohesion of a class.
Sentence 2: we use the Conceptual Similarity between Methods (CSM) introduced by Marcus et al.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For 4000 Eclipse-JDT, both the number of client classes and the num­ cnidevome ber of lines added or removed signi.cantly varied for di.er­ r Li f d/eddaseno # 2000 ent patterns (p-value<2.2·10-16).
Sentence 2: it was found 0 d site y er pe n gy late n aorator ctorervletop that Visitor had a signi.cantly higher number of classes and om cm m mp eFabsPrototySing State-Strateelines co-changed than other patterns (p-value<2.2·10-16).
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: As an illustration to the issues that must be mastered even when writing combinator parsers in Haskell, consider the following example: p = return (1:) $$ p What this de.nition actually says is in order to parse a p, parse a p, and then prepend 1 to the result .
Sentence 2: p is a parser that will always diverge, but we accept this behavior even in Haskell because a top-down parser implementing a left-recursive grammar is not expected to work anyway.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However, if one were to pick a particular analyzer, certain values seem to be a better choice for a speci.c trailing window policy.
Sentence 2: if the Threshold analyzer is chosen, a threshold value of 0.6 wins in three out of four of the MPL values for the Constant TW policy, whereas the threshold value of 0.8 wins in three out of four of the MPL values for the Adap­tive TW policy.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We claim that Xen s current VM scheduler does apply the SRTF principle, but it is ap­plied inadequately.
Sentence 2: there exists a mechanism in the scheduler to allow latency-sensitive VMs to preempt the CPU-bound VMs that mostly use 100% of their al­located CPU time, but it leaves a chance for the VMs that use less CPU time (e.g., 90%) to delay the inter­rupt handling of their latency-bound neighbors.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Moreover, it is very interesting to note that, given multiple link-disjoint paths are used, MP-TCP seems to relax the necessity of an in­telligent in-network load-balancing.
Sentence 2: as long as we deploy per-.ow multipath forwarding, even the randomized path selection approaches that worked poorly without MP-TCP achieve very reasonable results.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Compositional/Non-compositional checking: Most VCGen ap­proaches including the one used by the Spark tools requires con­tract checking to proceed compositionally.
Sentence 2: when the im­plementation of a procedure P calls another procedure Q, the anal­ysis of P does not examine Q s implementation but instead only examines Q s contract, which in essence, provides a summary of Q s behavior.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If we only trustdifferences above3%,page coloringis thebest choicefor non-Csibebenchmarks(highestpercentage,85%, of caseswhenit wasranked.rst),but notforCsibeones.
Sentence 2: faultkernelstrategywasoutperformedin29%ofexperiments.in 29% of experiments, the default kernel strategy had higher non-determinismthansomeotherstrategy.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Tasks which in.uence more members of the team (not only the current developers, but also the later developers) appear to be more valued by the team and are more likely to have a wide and long­term impact.
Sentence 2: the team bene.ts from the maintainability of the code, but that requires extra e.ort, and it bene.ts from the mentoring of the ex­perienced developers, but that reduces mentors per­formance.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The results of the experiments are shown in Figure 4 (right) and revealed that as the number of observers increased from 8 to 16 to 32, the replicated architecture response time increased by a total of 197.3-163.7=33.6ms (1.4ms 2 Steps 2 and 3 (save slide to file and import saved file into presentation) were necessary because of the API exposed by the J-Integra tool we used to connect our Java-based framework and COM-based PowerPoint.
Sentence 2: we were not able to import a received slide directly into an ongoing presentation.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Exploiting Structure for Composition The key insight used in this paper is that by exposing the underlying structure of an abstract domain and transformers we can express the domain as an aggre­gate of simpler domains, for which it is feasible to compute the composition of transformers.
Sentence 2: the composition of transform­ers for the aggregate domain can be broken into smaller composi­tion problems of micro-transformers that apply to the sub-domains, and so on.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Lazy heaps are de.ned as follows L ::= H|H : R(L) .
Sentence 2: a lazy heap is either a heap H or a partially recon.gured heap of the form Hn : Rn(Hn-1 : Rn-1(···H1 : R1(H0) ··· )), for some n = 1, where Hn is the part of heap that has been recon.gured by Rn,..., R1 and that may have been subsequently modi.ed by the execution of non-recon.guration op­erations.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The authors of [30] study the role of Altruism in BAR pro­tocols.
Sentence 2: it is proved that, during the last inter­action of a .nitely repeated game, the pestering technique used in [23] is not su.cient to convince a Rational process to contribute, unless a certain fraction of the processes is ex­pected to be Altruistic.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A COMPONENT MODEL FOR EMBED-DED SOFTWARE In order to apply component-based software development to em­bedded systems software, we must be precise about what we mean by a component.
Sentence 2: we must take care to specify how components are structured and composed, which properties of components are important to capture and reason about, and how a composition of components can be interpreted at run-time.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A single design pattern is intended to provide a blueprint solution to a single problem and an identi.cation of the implementation tradeo.s that will be encountered.
Sentence 2: the structure of a portion of the pro­gram is provided but the developer is still required to make implementation decisions in terms of the tradeo.s presented in the pattern coupled with application and architecture spe­ci.c requirements.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: An agent coordination model is a conceptual framework which should cover the issues of creation and destruction of agents, communications among agents, and spatial distribution of agents, as well as synchronization and distribution of their actions over time.
Sentence 2: the coordinables are the coordinated entities (or agents) whose mutual interaction is ruled by the model, the coordination media are the abstractions enabling the interaction among the agents, and the coordination laws are the rules governing the interaction among agents through the coordination media as well as the behavior of the coordination media itself [3].
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Schedulability Regions of EDF-VD &#38; WCR for uHI = 3/4 HI C. Comparing EDF-VD and WCR Clearly, EDF-VD outperforms WCR.
Sentence 2: if a set of MC tasks is schedulable under WCR, it will also be schedu­lable under EDF-VD; cf.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The contributions of this paper are: On the programming language implementation side, the paper considers the performance tradeo.s of var­ious design alternatives for backend components on AMD64.
Sentence 2: we focus our attention on how functional languages with an existing x86 backend can migrate it to AMD64 with moderate e.ort, but with­out missing opportunities to take advantage of archi­tectural features present on AMD64 but not on x86.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For perspicuity, we introduce the following syntactic sugar: SR(R)(Cons v1 v2) = [v2/y] [v1/x] SR(R)(Cons x y) Further, we also assume a .nite ordered map GR that maps struc­tural relations to their sorts.
Sentence 2: for all R such that · f R :: tR, we have that GR(R) = tR.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The second conjunct enforces a relation between the signal the transmitter sends (tdata) and the value captured by the receiver (rbit): if stable holds, then the receiver captures the signal.
Sentence 2: the constraintmoduleprunestheexecutionpaths al­lowed by the system module alone in which the value of rbit is completely nondeterministic.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Informed by writing, activity, and genre research and Spinuzzi's genre ecologies framework, we are able to describe how Scrum pulls together the many different genres and artifacts of software development to mediate and direct activity.
Sentence 2: we can see how Sprint Planning, Reviews, and Retrospectives involve a host of ephemeral communicative genres (many of which are informal, verbal, gestural, or only temporarily written on whiteboards) that are then made visible and concrete through written user stories and tasks that become displayed and manipulated on the Scrum Board.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Moreover, we used our concurrent unit testing tool to test its own implementation.
Sentence 2: we wrote concurrent unit tests to exercise our test wrapper (Section 2.1) responsible for starting threads required by the thread-Count or threadGroup annotation parameters and initializ­ing the TestBarrier helper class (Sections 3.2.2 and 3.2.3).
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: To this end, in this short paper we propose an MDA approach, which is able to automatically produce a semantically-enriched task model that can be used to obtain interactive applications with some application logic implemented through external services.
Sentence 2: our approach starts with the task model of an interactive application and transforms it into a semantic service model by associating the task application objects to concepts of an ontology of the associated application domain.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 3.3 Using a sparse table and interpolating via disassembly Another approach to reducing the call site table size is based on the observation that executable code itself con- tains some of the information in the table.
Sentence 2: the number of a call site can be calculated by disassembling the executable code from the start of the code to the current return address, assuming that no data has been intermixed with the code.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since in general we are not assuming that the rules R are sort-decreasing, what we can always ensure about terms t ' to which a term t of sort s can eventually be rewriten is that if t ' has sort s ', then s and s ' are in the same connected component in the subset ordering.
Sentence 2: they belong to the same equivalence class [s] for the smallest equivalence relation generated by the subsort ordering relation =.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Filters implement application-independent functionality; they are composed with services to modify service behavior.
Sentence 2: as with services, .lters are simple functions: type Filter[Req, Rep] = (Req, Service[Req, Rep]) => Future[Rep] a .lter receives a request and a service with which it is composed; function application evaluates to a future.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For performance reasons, the insertion in the beginning of meth­ods may be omitted if each possible execution path terminates or passes by an already in­serted conditional before any method/constructor invocation (invokeinterface, invokespecial, invokestatic, invokevirtual).
Sentence 2: leaf methods may be omitted (especially accessors of abstract data types), as well as entry points of methods inside which the .rst method invocation happens after another inserted conditional, typi­cally inside or after a loop.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 5.2 Multidimensional Scaling Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a general term for the techniques to configure low dimensional mappings of given high-dimensional data with respect to the pairwise proximity information, while the pairwise Euclidean distance within the target dimension of each pair is approximated to the corresponding original proximity value.
Sentence 2: it is a non-linear optimization problem to find low-dimensional configuration which minimizes the objective function, called STRESS[28] or SSTRESS [29].
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The third equivalence is more interesting: as soon as the test command succeeds once, the th branch is immediately executed and the el branch can never be tried.
Sentence 2: thus: ifte (m1 mplus m2) th el * (ifte m1 th el) mplus (ifte m2 th el) the context ifte [] th el interacts in an unusual way with mplus.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Depending on the stage of the algorithm, the heuristics used to select the candidates varies.
Sentence 2: three different methods have been used to select candidates: one for the instruction scheduling stages, i.e., stages 1, 2, 5 and 6; another for the elimination of outedges, i.e., stage 3; and finally, a different one for the final cluster assignment, i.e., stage 4.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: And since iterators are the technical means to conduct such a traversal, then, conceptually, iterators should be indepen­dent of comparators and allocators too.
Sentence 2: there is no conceptual reason that requires std::sets that disagree on comparators or allocators to have different iterator types.4  3.2 The Technical Aspect The question is therefore whether we are able, technically, to eliminate the unwarranted dependencies and utilize a single iterator type for different integer std::sets that have different comparators or allocators.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: r « n, such that, by using only those r features, we can obtain good classi.cation quality, both in theory and in practice, when compared to using the full set of n features.
Sentence 2: we would like to solve exactly or approximately a RLSC problem of the form (4) to get a vector to classify successfully a new document according to a classi.cation function of the form (6).
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: SIs of the stations located at the root node equal to the BSI and for each level of the tree the algorithm multi­plies the SIs of the stations associated in the nodes by two.
Sentence 2: sI of the stations B and C located in nodes b and c is 2BSI (Figure 5), and SI of stations D, E, F and G located in nodes d, e, f and g is 4BSI.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this work, we leverage EV-Path, an event processing architecture built on Fast Flexible Serialization (FFS) which is designed to support high per­formance data streaming in overlay networks with internal data processing [11, 12].
Sentence 2: eVPath enables the construction of active messaging overlay networks in the way that data stream analysis services such as data .ltering and transformation functions reside in lightweight stones that serve as processing points in the overlay, and stones are linked to form overlay paths .
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However,our qualitativeanalysis of surprise defects and the feed­back from the quality assurance manager clearly indicate that fur­ther work is needed to develop defect prediction into a practical tool.
Sentence 2: we found support for the idea ofbuilding spe­cialized models that identify not onlya defect s location,but also its nature, thus greatly simplifying the process of determining what the defect is and how it needs to be .xed.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Future works deal with the generalization of the deployment mechanisms according to specific architectures for the dynamic deployment of software components [2,15], so that model deployment becomes a particular case of component deployment.
Sentence 2: a promising extension could be to consider a ModelAgent as a macro-component with concrete ports and explicit connectors [2], which includes and manages one or more models that are treated as micro-components.
Relationship: entailment
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Intuitively, this is caused by the fact that the Quasit meta-scheduler implementation exploits a number of distinct active internal queues exactly equal to the number of priority classes and completely independent on the number of operators.
Sentence 2: figure 4 shows that, when only two priority classes are used, the best throughput for both priority schemas is achieved in the con.guration with two operators thanks Num.
Relationship: entailment