sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For events smaller and larger than this, the bias factor was too large, and too small, respectively.
Sentence 2: the parameters that we varied during the performance evaluation of our system were: the type of scanning (Point, Line and Area), the size of the event, the duration of the event (for Area Cover), the scanning speed, the power of the laser and the distance between the Spotlight device and sensor field, to estimate the range of the system.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: attention to built­test mechanism into components during design and coding, so that the successive testing and mainte­nance processes can be simplifed.
Sentence 2: the results of the project prove that BIT application in the overall software process, enforcing testing and integration consideration from the very early stages of the development, help to build more reliable testing environments and support the realization of more comprehensive testing.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: PPC970 Speedups (Altivec): On PPC970, we would expect an improvement factor VF/2 on the computations, since there are two scalar units and only one SIMD unit, and an improvement factor VF on the loads and stores.
Sentence 2: the expected improvements are around VF/2 (i.e., a speedup of 2,4,8 on the fp,short,char kernels respectively), minus alignment handling overhead on the unaligned versions.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In our sampling of tags retrieved from the Jazz Foundation project, we found that most of the distinct tag terms were Component-specific (39%) or Idiosyncratic (39%).
Sentence 2: while, the former study took into account data from only one project and one collaborative environment, we analyzed tagging behaviors in two different projects (Jazz Foundation and WebLion), developed using two distinct collaborative development environments (Jazz and Trac, respectively).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: TheSAprojectteam needstoacquire domainortask knowledge fromcustomers andthis acquirementprocessisoften challenging.
Sentence 2: [7] J.-G.Lou,Q.Fu,S.Yang, J.Li,andB.Wu.Miningprogram work.ow frominterleavedtraces.In Proc.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Even if the strong generational hypothesis holds, the difference between the mortality rate for a group of objects of age t and the mortality rate for older objects will tend to approach zero as t increases.
Sentence 2: this additional write bar­rier is used only during a minor collection that promotes into the intermediate generation; the mutator does not use it, nor does a ma­jor collection, nor does a minor collection that promotes directly into the older ROF generation.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Furthermore, they usually implement a complex AI­based architecture, based on goals, which is problematic in the case of the integration with a Narrative Engine such as IDtension, because goals are already managed at the narrative level.
Sentence 2: (2009) Pogamut 3 Can Assist Developers in Building AI for Their Videogame Agents In Proceedings of Workshop on Agents for Games and Simulations in conjunction with Autonomous Agent and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS) Budapest, May 11, 2009.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Assume that the sender estimates (it will be clear shortly why the sender has to estimate the delay) that after a delay of dt1, receiver 1 will receive it, will use the coordinate and velocity parameters to compute the entity s current location and move it there (point C) and from this time onwards, the exported and the placed paths will become the same.
Sentence 2: although DR1 was computed at time T1 and sent to the receiver, it did not reach the receiver until time T1 + dt1.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Whether the application analysis is performed dynam­ically or statically, and  Which application market stakeholders to be o.ered this technology.
Sentence 2: getSimSerialNumber() ICC Returns the serial number of the SIM getVoiceMailAphaTag() Voice mail ID Retrieves the alphabetic identi.er asso­ciated with the voice mail identi.er.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Moreover, these systems are constantly evolving by virtue of changes in the hardware and software platform, and due to changes in requirements.
Sentence 2: tucson, AZ Aalto University School of Business Runeberginkatu 22-24 FI-00100 Helsinki, Finland Matti.Rossi@aalto.fi University of Alabama Department of Computer Science Box 870290 Tuscaloosa, AL sprinkle@ECE.Arizona.Edu gray@cs.ua.edu Abstract Domain-Specific Modeling (DSM) has proven to be a viable solution to the challenges related to abstraction mismatches between the problem and solution spaces.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Eco­nomic reasons (such as short time to market and special skills required) and practical reasons (non-functional soft­ware aspects are often determined by the latest decisions in Copyright is held by the author/owner.
Sentence 2: although a potential domain for every parameter can be de.ned, in practice limitations may recip­rocally induce restrictions of domains while the choices are progressively performed.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The complexity of the algorithm is o(nn dsom dfexfex nxnwhere nf is the number of modules, nlf is the maximum number of loops in any one module, nbl is the maximum number of basic blocks in any one loop and npb is the maximum number of predecessors of a basic block.
Sentence 2: a sequence of examples de­scribes each analysis step as it is performed for a function barthat a) is called by main and b) is calling foo, as depicted in Figure 2.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In ACM SIGOPS Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, SOSP 07, pages 31 44, New York, NY, USA, 2007.
Sentence 2: the CmPS work also formalized a notion they call computation migration, where most of the state is frozen and left behind, and the reduced continuation is sent, does its computation, and immediately returns to rejoin the rest of the state it left behind.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Using data gathered from the trials, the investigator analyzes the dependent variables, which are the observable factors that varied based on what treatment was applied, while taking into account the independent variables, which are the fac­tors that may have in.uenced how the treatments were ap­plied, to see if the hypothesis was supported or contradicted.
Sentence 2: such a regime compares two or more treatments using a set of program families, one for each treatment, and a set of maintenance tasks.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 5.3.2 Developing the application From the experiment, bene.ts of Java are determined by a few central properties such as its safety (including auto­matic memory management), the existence of pre-developed software components and tools, and the provision of a con­sistent and homogeneous object-oriented framework includ­ing, in particular, real-time aspects.
Sentence 2: the restrictions imposed on the Java language and the virtual machine include [19] no native interfaces, no user-de.ned class loaders, no thread groups or daemon threads, no ob ject .nalization, etc.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Copyright c &#38;#169; 2011ACM 978-1-4503-0263-0/11/06... $10.00 [3].
Sentence 2: compute-bound ap­plications such as matrix and pca show some further scaling be­yond4threads on Core i7, gaining additional bene.t from the hy­  benchmark description input data grep kmeans linearR matrix pca sm wc .nd string occurrences in input text .le group 3d points into clusters based on their Euclidean distance compute best-.t line for input data .le dense integer matrix multiplication principal components analysis on an in­teger matrix search input text .le for a word count instances of each unique word in input text .le S:10MB, M:50MB, L:100MB S:100k points, M:250K, L:500K S:10MB, M:50MB, L:100MB S:1000x1000 values, M:2000x2000, L:3000x3000 S:1000x1000 values, M:2000x2000, L:3000x3000 S:10MB, M:50MB, L:100MB S:10MB, M:50MB, L:100MB Table 2.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: InFigure5(a),theleft x-axisshowstheaveragenum­ber of beacon message received during each 220-ms interval, andthe right x-axisplots the80-percentilelocalization error.
Sentence 2: the clock o.set between beacon 1 and 3 can then be calculated transitively from the previous two values as 41.8+(-61.3) =19.5.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The FSA speci.es that the tar­get system usually generates the following sequence of events during correct executions: a .le is opened, data are written in the .le, the .le is closed and .nally sent through the net­work.
Sentence 2: we obtained the set of cases to be investigated by automatically generat­ing expected and observed sequences that di.er according to the following dimensions: the type of the anomaly, the start­ing point of the anomaly, the length of the anomaly, and, only for composite anomalies, the number of events that sep­arate the two basic anomalies that compose the composite anomalies.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The benchmarks are available in increasing problem sizes: S, W, and A through E. Be­cause of the very high execution times and memory requirements of the larger problem sizes, we only measured problem sizes up to B for FT and MG, and problem sizes up to C for the other used bench­marks.
Sentence 2: 1(b) diamondville Intel Atom 330 1.60 GHz 4 GB 1 2 2 (SMT) Fig.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: If used correctly, Author's address: E. Kaneshima, Embrapa Soja, Londrina, Brazil; email: kaneshima.eliana@gmail.com; Rosana T. V. Braga, ICMC -Universidade de São Paulo Av.
Sentence 2: to copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The algorithm assumes that counters and traces are kept in a PC-indexed global map that is manip­ulated by getCounter and getTrace that return the counter and trace associated with a PC, respectively, and by getAd­ 2 Prior to enter the loop in Figure 2, trace 0 is already formed from the entry point of String.length and includes codes following the return of String.length from a different calling context.
Sentence 2: we use a simple heuristic to approximate topological ordering: a ba­sic block x is considered topologically earlier than a basic block y,if x and y belong to the same method and if the bytecode index of x is less than that of y.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Whereas a resource aspect, physical parameters which have a large impact on duration of jobs are included such as CPU and network related fac­tors(e.g., the number of cores, CPU power, network band­width, computing resource location[distance] etc).
Sentence 2: these traces typically exist in a large-scale and they are required to be processed and re.ned properly so that picking out useful features for the performance improvement.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 4.2 Increasing Code Coverage The second use case aims to demonstrate DCE .exibility to con.gure the network environment parameters of exper­iments by examining the code coverage of the networking protocol stack under test.
Sentence 2: the use of NSC is limited to the validation of TCP protocols as it relies on a language-dependent source-level parser, which is unable to cope with the full set of languages and constructs found in 11The bootstrap time might be reduced by using snapshots of the VMs after initialization.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A reputation function f is a real valued function on 'that maps nodes of a graph to real values.
Sentence 2: this is the idea that if a user A trusts B,and B trusts C,then A may trust C to some extent, even if A hasn t previously interacted with C. Since direct trust is represented in the graph as directed edges, the notion of transitive trust exactly corresponds to propagation of trust along paths.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this paper, the data reported in Table 1 are further analyzed, in order to extract additional knowledge about the correlation that may exist not only between Function Points and COSMIC Function Point, but also between such measures and the BFC.
Sentence 2: this correlation excludes project 19; including project 19 does not change sensibly the result (R2 remains unchanged, while the average absolute error increases by 0.5 %).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: c : B..eld16 ; The type of an unknown expression on the right-hand side is the sub­type of a known left-hand side expression s type and vice-versa, e.g., {field1, unknown, :> java.lang.String} and {field2, unknown, <: C}.
Sentence 2: we had no reason to think that a more complex type combination scheme involving constraint solving would produce more accurate results.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: These examples contain no complex control structures, instances of inter-procedural scope, or di­rect bu.er accesses outside of string functions, and therefore cannot represent complex bu.er access patterns found in In­ternet servers.
Sentence 2: dISCUSSION The performance of .ve modern static analysis tools was analyzed using 14 model programs to determine both detec­tion rates for known bu.er over.ows and false alarm rates for patched source code after these bu.er over.ows have been eliminated.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: While PUSH works perfectly well on a stand-alone ma­chine, the original intent was to use it to drive workloads and work.ows across a cluster of machines.
Sentence 2: this allows work.ows and compo­nent applications to initiate new branches of computation or analysis at any stage of the pipeline or in reaction to data produced by a previous portion of the pipeline giving the entire infrastructure a degree of elasticity that seemed to be missing from previously available tools.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However, this is just a weak conjecture since the proof of suf.ciency heavily relies (in the case for product types) on the well-foundedness property.
Sentence 2: permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The TCP stack implements RTT estimation, window management, and congestion and flow control mechanisms.
Sentence 2: gPU Ut | 140 80 90.00% 120 70 - 80.00% 100 80 60 6O 50 I° - 70.IX)*/* -60,00% ¢ o 50.00% ~N = -4000% ~ 40 3O 2O 30.00% U 20.00% 20 10 10.00% 0 IPIGigE IP/Mydnet QPIP 0 IP/GigE IP/Mylinet QPIP <1.00% Figure 3.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Each gate­way has a stable connectiontotheglobal networkincluding theInternet,GSM(GlobalSystemforMobile), and thelike, regardless of whether it is wired or wireless.
Sentence 2: atthisstage,the most commonapplicationisdata retrieval, for example, tra.c information, weather update, parking lot availability, local restaurant information, and the like[4].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: After these requests are satis.ed, and a timeout period of inactivity has passed, the disk may en­ter a low-power state to conserve energy and remain in that state until the next set of requests arrives.
Sentence 2: our Best Shifting policy provides an e.ective energy-conserving predictor, while automatically updating its prediction policy in light of the current workload.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [3] Rajiv D. Banker and Chris F. Kemerer.
Sentence 2: plan­ning and managing software maintenance is a challenging task for most software organizations because, while the ini­tial phases of the software lifecycle target the development of new products, software maintenance is better described in terms of a service provided to the users of existing soft­ware [2, 11].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Toaddresstheseshortcomings,wepropose aprioritized search technique called GAMBIT that combines the speed bene.ts of heuristic-guided fuzzing with the soundness, progress, and re­producibility guarantees of stateless model checking.
Sentence 2: gAMBIT .nds all 23 bugs in less than two minutes, with an appropriately chosen heuristic.Similarly,for afull-coverage search usingpartial-order reduction(with nopre-emptionbound),CHESSisunableto .nd10 of thebugswithinan hour,whileGAMBIT .ndsall of theminlessthantwominutes.We also .ndthatdifferentheuristicsworkbestfordifferenttests.These results suggest that the best way to use GAMBIT is to run multiple versionsinparallel with each test using adifferentheuristic.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: It restores the pre-eminence of the design in the use of Mock Objects, which has often been overshadowed by its use for testing interactions with third-party libraries.
Sentence 2: this fails, because our implementation of loadObject() retrieves the current time into a variable before loading the object, with the message: DynamicMockError: mockClock: no match found Invoked: getCurrentTime() in: expected at least once: getCurrentTime(no arguments),  after load on mockObjectLoader, returns , then returns  This message tells us that we have an invocation of getCurrentTime(), but we re actually looking for an invocation of getCurrentTime() that occurs after an invocation of load(), which is not the same thing.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: [4]BANGA,G.,MOGUL,J.C.,ANDDRUSHEL,P.Asal­ableandexpliiteventdeliverymehanismforunix.In Pro.oftheUSENIX1999AnnualTehnialConfer­ene(June1999).
Sentence 2: previousworkhasdemonstratedthattheresultof unontrolledongestionisaphenomenonommonly .CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA; srini seshan.org alled.ongestionollapse"[8,13].Congestionollapse islargelyalleviatedtodaybeausethepopularend­to­endTransmissionControlProtool(TCP)[30,40]in­orporatessoundongestionavoidaneandontrolal­gorithms.whileTCPdoesimplementon­gestionontrol[18],manyappliationsinludingthe Web[6,12]useseverallogiallydiferentstreamsinpar­allel,resultinginmultipleonurrentTCPonnetions betweenthesamepairofhosts.Asseveralresearhers haveshown[2,3,2 ,28,42],theseonurrentonne­tionsompetewith ratherthanlearnfrom eah otheraboutnetworkonditionstothesamereeiver, andendupbeingunfairtootherappliationsthatuse feweronnetions.Theabilitytoshareongestionin­formationbetweenonurrentfowsisthereforeauseful feature,onethatpromotesooperationamongdiferent fowsratherthanadverseompetition.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: However,as explained in Section 2.1.3,the two 1 .elds in these two classes are .eld equivalent,as are the two 2 .elds.
Sentence 2: we say that a LOOM is correct for a program if the pro­gram s execution,under the alternate semantics determined by the LOOM,is equivalent to the program s execution under the standard semantics.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This should remind the reader of a fully associative cache [9].
Sentence 2: the idea behind DFTL is sim­ple: since most enterprise-scale workloads exhibit signif­icant temporal locality, DFTL uses the on-.ash limited SRAM to store the most popular (speci.cally, most re­cently used) mappings while the rest are maintained on the .ash device itself.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, if an attribute of an entity is realized as a Java variable that is given the same name as the attribute s name in the model, all attributes of all entities should be mapped in a similar way.
Sentence 2: when a developer is constrained to use a single design to model all concerns of a system together (for example, design elements related to user interface, security, etc., are modeled together in a monolithic design), the elements of the design often become scattered and tangled together, with unfortunate consequences[10].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: We denote posits by lower-case greek letters, a,(,...Once such proposals are accepted, in accordance to the rules of the governing institution, they enter the Deal Store.
Sentence 2: it should also be straightforward to express the axiomatic semantics we have given in the Appendix using modal operators for beliefs and intentions, similarly to the modal semantics SL of the FIPA ACL [6].
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Fortunately, it is safe to insert paired calls to serial.native and native.serial anywhere.
Sentence 2: n) (begin (display (c-c-m fact even)) a) (mark-if-even n (w-c-m fact n (fact-tr (sub1 n)(* na)))))) (fact-tr 31) .. console output: (#(12)) computed value: 6 Figure 1.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Interestingly, just running on two cores gives us enough .ne­grain interleaving of concurrent processes to demonstrate the pres­ence of race conditions, something we had to achieve by instru­menting the code with calls to yield() to control the scheduler when we .rst tested this code in 2005.
Sentence 2: eqc_statem already has built-in shrinking methods, of which the most important tries to delete un­necessary commands from the test case, and eqc_par_statem in­herits these methods.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This simpli.es upgrad­ing, because users only need to update a component on one device and it migrates to all the other devices.
Sentence 2: we have designed the TRAMP architecture with com­ponents that (1) create device communities, (2) migrate processes, (3) perform signalling for process migration, (4) achieve transparent connection handover, (5) provide e.­cient data sharing, (6) describe and discover application components within device communities, (7) implement poli­cies, and (8) aid users in con.guring devices.
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The condition under which statements on lines 16 and 17 are executed is given by the disjunction of the bits of t2, since the implicit test is t2 = 0: MayNonZero(V2) = (¬(sx .
Sentence 2: under the neither assumption only the assignment to z at the candidate edge reaches the return statement (line 19).
Relationship: neutral
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The mobile client (Pentium-III laptop) is connected to the Internet through variable bandwidth (100Kbps to 1Mbps) wireless link and IPC/RPC server (Dual-core Pentium desktop) is connected to Internet through 100Mbps wired link.
Sentence 2: the conventional RPC semantics used in general-purpose distributed systems, connected by high-speed wired network, are not adequate in mobile computing paradigm due to the characteristics of wireless communication systems [1].
Relationship: neutral