sadat2307/MSciNLI huggingface dataset:
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: It also computes EscapeP aramsOnExit(M ) to be the set of parameters that may escape as a result of some execution of M. We correctly determine that Y escapes after the call to M in B returns, and that X does not escape after the call to M in A returns.
Sentence 2: we conservatively determine that Y escapes after the call to M in A returns.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: First, we observe that all three lines exhibit an upward trend; trained on more data, theylead to betterkeystroke savings.Asecond obser­vation is that the context-sensitive variants, both the one based on a .xed-length buffer with previous character context (the dashed line) and the one based on the previous word context (the dotted line), appear to be exhibiting a log-linear growth; with every dou­bling of the training data, they yield a constant improvement in keystroke savings.
Sentence 2: the curve representing the context­insensitivebaseline system appearsto taperoff,falling increasingly behind the the context-sensitive variants.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Some only optimize single-day or single-household power supply [14, 21], while others do not consider the inter­actions among renewable energy usage, multi-timescale grid power purchasing and energy storage from the prospective of a datacenter operator [14,19,20,27,29,30,33].
Sentence 2: we seek to design an e.cient online control strategy for long­term cost minimizing operation of the DPSS under dynamic power demand and uncertain renewable energy supply in a synergetic manner, without requiring a priori knowledge or stationary distribution of system statistics.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For exam­ple, in Erlang [5], functions may be executed as lightweight processes which communicate with each other using message passing.
Sentence 2: while Erlang allows pattern matching to be applied to a given messaging queue to determine which messages are processed and in what order, the Erlang sched­uler itself is not programmable by the application, i.e., an application cannot con.gure the Erlang scheduler to priori­tize the message queue with the highest entropy.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: These two conditions can be merged into the the following equality, capturing both mutual exclusion and totality: pi, j+ ei, j+ si, j = 1 (6) To simplify the system, we immediately get rid of the si, j vari­ables, thanks to (6).We also relax (6) to get: pi, j+ ei, j = 1 Mutually exclusive decision variables capture the consistency of the model for a single pair of elements.
Sentence 2: one needs to insert additional constraints to capture transitivity.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: An alphabet S is de.ned as the set of dis­tinct invariant maps, i.e., alphabet entries.With distinct in­variant maps are intended invariant maps that di.er at least for one of their invariant occurrences.
Sentence 2: two invariant maps containing the same invariant occurrences, but di.erent timestamps, must be considered as the same alphabet entry.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The techniques for optimizing query execution are similar to Steno, in that they propose generating lower-level code, which can be compiled or executed directly.
Sentence 2: all of these techniques target SQL, which is less general than LINQ (it lacks a SelectMany operator), and does not at least, in the database systems described above integrate with user-de.ned code in a general-purpose lan­guage.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Note that we could have adopted Well s de.nition of typing by con­sidering binary sequences as part of the type so that (G, (t, b)) is a typing of s if G fs:t b holds.
Sentence 2: this de.nition would lead to a rather strong de.nition of principal typing for Java-like lan­guages that, in fact, would not be satis.ed by any system adopting the usual notion of bytecode (see the Conclusion).
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Model-based approaches such as Mat­ lab 9, Charon [3], UMLh [8], HyRoom [31], Masachio[16], Mechatronic UML [28], HyVisual [12], or SysML 10 propose a model to code development process with veri.cation tech­ niques to design modular embedded systems.
Sentence 2: none of these approaches support dynamic adaptation of a run­ ning system without .rst designing the adaptation at a busi­ ness level.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, a VM-level history forces the replay system to replay the entire virtual machine exactly as before, and this makes it dif.cult to perform tasks such as attaching a debugger or running in-system analysis tools (e.g., Valgrind).
Sentence 2: a process-level history requires the replay system to replay only the process, and this allows a user of replay to attach a debugger or use other tools, as long as those tools do not perturb the execution history of that process.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Additionally, separating the o.set and rate can su.er from poor numer­ical accuracy especially among clocks with nearly identical rates.
Sentence 2: anotherapproachtoclockadjustmentintroducesasecond degree of freedom by including an integration term in the corrected clock model.thisintroducesaphaselag that grows as synchronization information is passed from nodetonode.Iftheinformation .owtravelsinasu.ciently large loop, the resulting closed loop system will have no phase margin remaining and become unstable.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Recently therehasbeenincreasinginterest in real-timeeditorssuch asGoogleDocs[1],SubEthaEdit [2] or synchronouspairprogramming[14] for supporting parallel work.
Sentence 2: multi-synchronous authoring tools continuetobelargely used sincethey offersupportforpri­vate work while workinginparallel.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Second, the amount of BPRAM available in a system is limited by BPRAM densities and the number of free DIMM slots in a machine.
Sentence 2: since DRAM and PCM have similar capacities at the same technology node [1, 9], we expect to have 32 GB PCM DIMMs at the 45 nm node, which is compara­ble to the size of .rst-generation SSDs.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For example, rather than asking what will this program print with static scoping and dynamic scoping we were able to ask write a program that distinguishes between static scoping and dynamic scoping , which is a much more challenging prospect.
Sentence 2: in or­der for students to be successful in answering these harder exercises, the PL-Detective has to be a good source of infor­mation: students should be able to extract the information they need e.ectively and e.ciently.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: When invoked, our prediction module compares the accuracy of the two prediction methods for the last hour and chooses the more accurate method to instantiate Cloud­ 1 Factors other than cloud cover, such as temperature, can affect the amount of solar energy produced.
Sentence 2: section 5 shows that ignoring these factors still leads to suf.cient accuracy for our purposes.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Cukic and Ma [8] mention that researchers and companies are sensitive when it comes to sharing software development data despite the advances in data anonymization techniques.
Sentence 2: it is worth to note that the most advanced tech­niques in data anonymization did not focus on preserving the predictive patterns existing in original data e.ectively, which might have prevented their adoption in software en­gineering research.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The GAIA methodology for agent-based software de­sign [16] proposes interaction rules to specify communica­tion among roles, the ROADMAP methodology [10] spec­i.es in a so called social model the relations among roles, and in AALAADIN [7] interaction is de.ned only between the roles of a group: The communication model within a group can be more easily described by an abstracted inter­action scheme between roles like the bidder and the man­ager roles rather than between individual, actual agents .
Sentence 2: most approaches to the semantics of agent communication languages do not take into account the fact that communication always takes place among agents in a role.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: SUBSUMPTION OPTIMIZATION We have shown that s-topdown beats v-topdown, and s-bottomup beats v-bottomup.
Sentence 2: there are cases when the subsumptive methods are not e.ective because subqueries that subsume others appear later during evalu­ation, and the complexity may have been reduced if they had appeared earlier.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Performance Analysis of Dynamic Work.ow Scheduling in Multicluster Grids Ozan Sonmez Nezih Yigitbasi Saeid Abrishami Delft University of Technology Delft University of Technology Ferdowsi University Delft, The Netherlands Delft, The Netherlands Mashhad, Iran o.o.sonmez@tudelft.nl m.n.yigitbasi@tudelft.nl s-abrishami@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir  Alexandru Iosup Dick Epema Delft University of Technology Delft University of Technology Delft, The Netherlands Delft, The Netherlands a.iosup@tudelft.nl d.h.j.epema@tudelft.nl ABSTRACT Scientists increasingly rely on the execution of work.ows in grids to obtain results from complex mixtures of appli­cations.
Sentence 2: the inherently dynamic nature of grid work.ow scheduling, stemming from the unavailability of scheduling information and from resource contention among the (multiple) work.ows and the non-work.ow system load, may lead to poor or unpredictable performance.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In thepresenceofchurn, theper­formance of the tree-based approach signi.cantly decreases dependent on the mean session time of the peers in the sys­tem.
Sentence 2: the underlying mesh topology of the gossip-based approach exhibits a better stability and is ca­pableofhandlingtheincreasingdynamic inthesystem,still providing valid and fresh results.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Although semaphore values can be easily ob­tained and restored through well known interfaces, saving and restoring the state of the wait queue involves the ma­nipulation of kernel internals.
Sentence 2: by taking advantage of existing semantics which direct the kernel to release a pro­cess from a wait queue upon receipt of a signal, WebPod is able to empty the wait queues by suspending all processes, and therefore avoid having to save the state of the queue.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: It traverses the object graph starting from the base object according to the access paths and reg­isters a read or write permission (according to the path s classi­.cation) for each object property along the path.
Sentence 2: the path-based semantics pairs each object reference with an access path and computes the permission at a read/write access based on the path through which the object has been reached.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In principle, developers could mock any component(notjust environments)thatthe component under testinteractswith.Potentially whenadependent component istoocomplextoexplorewithDSE,developers could mock this component.
Sentence 2: mocking comes with cost: ittakes effort to write faithful parameterized models to prevent in­feasiblepaths(which could cause false warnings among test failures).
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In fact, reference architectures have presented a consider­able, valuable body of knowledge about how to structure sys­tems of a domain and, therefore, they can be considered as important elements to be reused.
Sentence 2: despite the fact that SPL (including MPL) has extensively concerned with productivity improvement for the software development, the use of such body of knowledge contained in reference archi­tectures to support the development of SPL and MPL has not been investigated yet.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: SiblingRivalry: Online Autotuning Through Local Competitions Jason Ansel Maciej Pacula Yee Lok Wong Cy Chan Marek Olszewski Una-May O Reilly Saman Amarasinghe Computer Science and Arti.cial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology {jansel,mpacula,ylwong,cychan,mareko,unamay,saman}@csail.mit.edu  ABSTRACT Modern high performance libraries, such as ATLAS and FFTW, and programming languages, such as PetaBricks, have shown that autotuning computer programs can lead to signi.cant speedups.
Sentence 2: autotuning can be burdensome to the deployment of a program, since the tuning process can take a long time and should be re­run whenever the program, microarchitecture, execution environment, or tool chain changes.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Existing tools typically involve computationally expensive, sophisticated algorithms, like statistical bug isolation [4], or running a clone detection tool followed by a number of error detection and pruning algorithms, which still results in many false positives [2, 3].
Sentence 2: we believe that our consistent renaming tool (CReN) complements existing error detection tools, which are still needed to find potential errors in legacy code.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Note that in the rest of this paper, we limit the discus­sion of data skew to the context of Hadoop s MapReduce and Pig [3].
Sentence 2: data skew can happen in other cloud data processing platforms like BigTable [5], HBase [2], and PNUTS [7], where some nodes in the cluster may end up with larger active working sets than others.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The open-source approach seems to have several advantages: the core is very cheap (normally free), the user can have source code access and there is a group of developers that provide know-how, maintain and improve the core.
Sentence 2: it may also have several disadvantages such as instability (the development group changes or disappears), incomplete development, poor or no support of existing IP-reuse infrastructures and standards, poor documentation and verification methodology.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: O Boyle Members of HiPEAC School of Informatics University of Edinburgh christophe.dubach@ed.ac.uk,{tjones1,mob}@inf.ed.ac.uk  ABSTRACT Embedded processor performance is dependent on both the underlying architecture and the compiler optimisations ap­plied.
Sentence 2: designing both simultaneously is extremely di.cult to achieve due to the time constraints designers must work under.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: First we used static symmetric delays where only two randomly chosen bots are delayed while the other two experience no delay and recorded the 0 100 200 300 400 Delay [ms] Figure 9: Fairness with dynamic delays Our results show that the bots experience delay differences similar to human players in that the bots with lower delay have a clear advantage over bots with larger delay.
Sentence 2: the difference seems to be smaller than what was previously observed for human players.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: A solution (cf.Figure 1) might use chain of lookups amongst the federation of lookup services, where a lookup service itself could be a full-.edged Jini service registered with another lookup service.
Sentence 2: the overhead of traversing down the chain with lookups will cause considerable overhead, as each step in the traversal will require a series of full Jini service lookup and acquisition.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: But HBFD can not maintain even the weak accuracy property because HBFD can make the false detection to every process due to message loss NTFD-E (send K msgs) NTFD (send K msgs) HBFD Comp Strong [(1- (PL)K)N]N [(1-fH - ((1­fH)PL)K)N]N 100% Weak {[1- (PL)K]N}n (0<n<=N) {[1-fH -((1­fH)PL)K]N}n (0<n<=N) 100% Accu Strong 100% 100% [(1-PL)Pr(D<t)]NKN Weak 100% 100% 1-{1 -[(1-PL)Pr(D< t)]NK}N For the weak accuracy property of N HBFDs, [(1-PL)Pr(D< or delay.
Sentence 2: nTFD/-E can maintain the strong accuracy because if a failure notification message for a process is received, the process must have failed.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: fk (t) ij {i,j}.E If we focus on decisions in the time interval t, and drop the time in­dices in the problem expressions, we can see that the optimization problem (7) is in the form of the classic minimum-cost multicom­modity .ow problem.
Sentence 2: none of the algorithms solving the minimum-cost mul­ticommodity .ow problem can be applied to solve this problem.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This is a last chance to ensure that we are building the right product, but errors caught at this stage will be more expensive to correct than if they are caught during requirements analysis.
Sentence 2: given that validation is to make sure that the unstated requirements are satisfied as well (as the stated ones) [7], this is an opportunity to check for well posedness, at least informally, even if the customer has not stated this requirement.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The PDS is considered in the following subsection  2.3 Product Data Synthesis As subsection 2.2 demonstrated, the Product Data Synthesis plays an important role in MATra by preventing bad data from entering the Workspace via tool2matra.
Sentence 2: it also maintains consistency once data is inside the Workspace, notably following updates to the PDS itself.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Extractive and reactive approaches can be enacted by the application of program refactor­ings.
Sentence 2: the traditional de.nition of program refactoring [16, 9] does not take into account intrinsic characteristics of SPL: fea­ture models (Section 3) and con.guration knowledge [7] mapping instances of the feature model (FM) to classes and aspects in the Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Experiments on Design Pattern Discovery Jing Dong, Yajing Zhao Department of Computer Science University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, TX 75083, USA {jdong, yxz045100}@utdallas.edu Abstract Design patterns have been applied in many large software systems to help developers coping with recurring design problems.
Sentence 2: pattern-related information is generally lost in system source code.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This will make regioncuts less fragile for extract method 1 public void includeJump(){ 2 labelOfFor:  3 for(;;){ 4 while(true){ 5 nop; //label for beginning of the shadow 6 a(); 7 if(innerBreak()){  8 $i=0; 9 goto endLabel; 10 }else{ 11 $i=1; 12 goto endLabel; 13 } 14 b(); 15 endLabel: 16 nop; //label for end of the shadow 17 switch($i){ 18 case 0: goto label0; 19 case 1: goto label1; 20 }  21 } 22 label0:; 23 } 24 label1:; 25 }  Figure7.
Sentence 2: a transformed version of the methodinFigure6 refactoring.regincuts willbe stillfragileforotherkinds of refactoring.Webelievethat usingthe assertion showninthe next sectionis morepragmaticfor reducing thefragility of regioncuts.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Since most of the developers were working on defect items associated with development work they had carried out earlier, expertise was high in a large number of cases, and consequently not much of a di.erentia­tor in general.
Sentence 2: we discovered that for certain work items where expertise was rated low by our model, the high development e.ort required (relative to the size of work) was estimated much better, leading to the improved results.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: This handles-based method of retrieving data had the advantages of keeping our API structs small and simple, avoiding any wasted memory by over-allocating string buffers, and allowing for on­demand-only string data retrieval.
Sentence 2: a sacri.ce we had to make was the need for more stateful API calls, introducing caching requirements and the possibilities for data races.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: In this case, before delegation, the runtime rolls back the effect of the code already executed by ..
Sentence 2: because A is re­quired to be a leaf in the tree that constitutes the concur­rent state, and also because of the syntactic restrictions in Core Otello, this code is solely a collection of heap updates it does not include any async or finish state­ments.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: For many outputs the answer may well be only on conclu­sion of execution, since once an output is ready the remain­ing program may have a sophisticated task to perform and determining that no contradiction will subsequently arise is essentially the same problem as verifying the program over­all, which as we prove above is impossible in general.
Sentence 2: we can argue that the requirement is too strong.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: 1.1 Load versus Delay Most of this prior research assumes an abstract setting which does not ascribe any costs or delays to quorum ac­cesses or heterogeneous limits on the capabilities of di.er­ent elements.
Sentence 2: in many network-based applications, one has to map the logical elements of the universe U on the physical nodes of a given network, which gives rise to many interesting issues.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: The more relevant WS-BPEL 2.0 (Web services BPEL), is an XML based language that allows for specifying business processes in terms of web services [22].
Sentence 2: wS-BPEL 2.0 does not provide any support for access control, and it is not possible to add user behavior to the business process once it is deployed.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: Some benchmark have a relatively larger object lifetime, see for example javac, compress and mpegaudio, however the object lifetime is still  incorrect lifetime compressjavacjackdbmtrtjessmpegaudiohsqldbantlrjythonxalanfopps ties.
Sentence 2: cachegrind is unable to vertically pro.le Java appli­cations, nor is it capable of mapping cache miss rates to objects or object types.
Relationship: contrasting
Domain: Software and its engineering
Sentence 1: DISCUSSION Asdiscussedin ourpreviouspaper[17], the conservative nature of string analysis mayinduceimprecision andthisimprecision may impact the empirical results of locating need-to-translate constant strings in web applications.
Sentence 2: according to our empirical results reportedinthispaper, wehave notfoundfalsepositivesdue to the preceding weakness of string analysis for locating need-to­translate constant stringsin web applications.
Relationship: contrasting