messages
list | category
stringclasses 8
values |
|---|---|
[
{
"content": "Given this paragraph about the M26, tell me how many times Hunt finished in the top 3, and explain your reasoning.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nMcLaren relied on the M23 during the rest of the season and for the first few races of 1977 until it was deemed necessary that the M26 was to race in light of the wilting performance of its predecessor. The redesigned car made its debut at the Spanish Grand Prix, where it proved to be a solid, if unspectacular performer. James Hunt, who initially hated the car knuckled down to improve the race pace and reliability of the M26, and throughout the season the car's performance improved noticeably. Hunt won three times during the course of the season, and scored two other podium finishes in the second half of the season. Two other potential victories were lost in Austria and Canada through reliability issues when Hunt was leading easily. At season's end, McLaren had scored 69 points and were third in the constructors' championship.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "He placed in the top 3 a total of 5 times, because he won three times and had an additional two podium finishes.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "List all the persons in the text in alphabetical order using their surname: \n\nAt acute times where there is a lot of pressure crossing the Channel, whether that’s on tunnel or ferries, then I think there’s always going to be a backup. I just urge everybody to be a bit patient while the ferry companies work their way through the backlog.”\n\nLater, speaking on the Laura Kuenssberg programme on BBC One, Braverman denied the situation at Dover would repeat itself and blamed “bad weather”.\n\nBut her comments variously attracted ire and ridicule. The Liberal Democrats’ home affairs spokesperson, Alistair Carmichael, said: “These comments show Suella Braverman is in complete denial about the impact of the Conservative government’s botched deal with Europe on our borders. For Conservative ministers like Braverman, it is always someone else’s fault.\n\n“Businesses and travellers are being tied up in reams of red tape but ministers are refusing to lift a finger. It shows the Conservative party is out of touch, out of excuses and should be out of power.”\n\nThe former Conservative cabinet minister David Gauke, who was stripped of the Tory whip for rebelling in a Brexit vote, tweeted: “If we were in the EU, the French would not need to do individual passport checks. If no individual passport checks, the process at Dover would be quicker. The Dover queues are, therefore, partly caused by Brexit. Not a contentious point, surely?”\n\nCaroline Lucas, the Green party MP, described Braverman as being “on another planet as usual”. She said that the home secretary’s comments regarding no Brexit link contradicted those expressed by the port’s chief executive. In an interview with the Observer a year ago, Doug Bannister, admitted Brexit was causing longer processing times at the border.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Doug Bannister\n- Suella Braverman\n- Alistair Carmichael\n- David Gauke\n- Laura Kuenssberg \n- Caroline Lucas",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "Classify each of the following as either a quantitative major or qualitative major: English, mathematics, physics, statistics, history, law",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Qualitative: English, history, law \nQuantitative: mathematics, physics, statistics",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "What is Python?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation via the off-side rule.\n\nPython is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a \"batteries included\" language due to its comprehensive standard library.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "When was The White Mandigos band formed?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe White Mandingos are a rock supergroup from Woodstock, New York consisting of rapper Murs, former Rolling Stone journalist and MTV / VH1 producer Sacha Jenkins and Bad Brains' bassist Darryl Jenifer.\n\nBiography\nThe band was formed in late 2012 when Jenkins met up at Jenifer's house in Woodstock to discover if there was anything in common between their respective favourite music genres. They considered their initial collaborations unimpressive, so Jenkins suggested collaborating with Murs, who provided lyrics.\n\nTheir first album, The Ghetto Is Tryna Kill Me was released in June 2013, and followed with a short tour of the eastern United States, including gigs in New York's New Museum, Boston and Washington DC. The album is a concept album around Tyrone White, a young black man from a New York City housing project, who subsequently obtains a recording contract and gets a white girlfriend. Jenifer and Jenkins have described the album Tommy by The Who as an important influence. Reviewing the album, Baltimore City Paper 's Baynard Woods thought the group \"actually manage to do service to punk and hip hop\" and praised the band's sense of humour, particularly the music video for their first single, \"My First White Girl\". Washington City Paper's Marcus J Moore described the video for the group's \"Warn A Brotha\" as \"a cool ode to skateboarding\".\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The White Mandingos was formed in late 2012, and their first album 'The Guetto is Tryna Kill Me' was released in June 2013.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "Extract what previous provinces Kardzhali a part of in the past\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe territory of Kardzhali province was acquired by Bulgaria during the First Balkan War in 1912. In 1913 the region was organized as the district (окръг, okrăg in Bulgarian) of Mestanli. This district was part of Stara Zagora province from 1934 until 1949, then it was transferred to the newly formed Haskovo district. In 1959 Kardzhali became the center of a new district with similar borders to the current province. Between 1987 and 1999, the region was part of Haskovo Province, after which it was restored, now as a province and with slightly changed borders.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Kardzhali was once a part of Stara Zagora province and Haskovo Province until it was restored in 1999",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | information_extraction |
[
{
"content": "how to do a self-diagnose of burning out?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Examples to look out for burning out including: Inability to stop thinking about work even when you’re not at work; Relationships with either co-workers or families and friends suffer; Feeling unexplained aches and pains; You spend lots of money outsourcing various personal tasks; Feeling mentally strained- with no plans for vacations; You wonder where you’ll be in the future.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | brainstorming |
[
{
"content": "What causes mortgage interest rates to rise in the US?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mortgage rates are tied to many factors including the inflation, economic growth, and the Federal Reserve's (Fed) monetary policy. For instance, if the Fed increases rates, this usually results in increased mortgate rates since banks need to ensure that the loan can achieve better returns than investing in US bonds.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "Give me some movie/tv series to learn English",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are several tv series that can be used to learn English. \n\n1. \"Friends\" is an American television sitcom that lasts ten seasons from Sep 22, 1994 to May 6, 2004. The show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The language used in Friends is casual and not challenging to understand. Watching Friends to learn English will help you to build up your vocabulary. \n\n2. \"The Big Bang Theory\" is an American television sitcom about two physicists at Caltech who share an apartment and their friends. The show has some challenging English word that requires some domain knowledge to understand. This show is recommended to people who have an intermediate English level.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | brainstorming |
[
{
"content": "Who was Luis Gonzalez de Ubieta\n\nText: \"\"\"\nLuis González de Ubieta y González del Campillo (1899 – 1950) was an admiral of the Spanish Republican Navy during the Spanish Civil War. He died in exile as the captain of the Panamanian merchant vessel Chiriqui, refusing to be rescued when the ship under his command sank in the Caribbean Sea not far from Barranquilla.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Luis Gonzalez de Ubieta y Gonzalez del Campillo (1899 – 1950) was an admiral of the Spanish Republican Navy during the Spanish Civil War. He died in exile as the captain of the Panamanian merchant vessel Chiriqui, refusing to be rescued when the ship under his command sank in the Caribbean Sea not far from Barranquilla.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "Extract the list of top 5 highest-grossing actors in the world.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe following are non-definitive lists of the actors with the highest career-film grosses. There are box-office gross revenue lists, which are not adjusted for inflation, as well as lists for the number of box-office ticket sales. Because of the long-term effects of inflation on movie theater ticket prices, a list unadjusted for inflation gives far more weight to later actors. Therefore, the gross revenue lists are largely meaningless for comparing acting careers widely separated in time, as many actors from earlier eras will never appear on a modern unadjusted list, despite their films' achieving higher commercial success when adjusted for price increases.\n\nLead roles\nThis list only includes leading roles and lead ensemble roles, including voice acting. The list is updated as of 12 January 2023.\n\nRank\tActor\tWorldwide total\tTop-grossing film\tFilms\tAverage\n1\tScarlett Johansson\t$14,519,031,650\tAvengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)\t33\t$439,970,656\n2\tRobert Downey Jr.\t$14,393,065,668\tAvengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)\t43\t$334,722,457\n3\tSamuel L. Jackson\t$14,376,505,937\tAvengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)\t64\t$224,632,905\n4\tZoe Saldaña\t$12,805,874,340\tAvatar ($2,899,384,102)\t30\t$426,862,478\n5\tChris Hemsworth\t$11,958,567,765\tAvengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)\t25\t$478,342,711\n6\tChris Pratt\t$11,742,796,476\tAvengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)\t23\t$510,556,369\n7\tTom Cruise\t$11,547,725,996\tTop Gun: Maverick ($1,487,575,965)\t43\t$268,551,767\n8\tChris Evans\t$11,277,890,989\tAvengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)\t29\t$388,892,793\n9\tTom Hanks\t$10,704,310,520\tToy Story 4 ($1,073,064,540)\t55\t$194,623,828\n10\tVin Diesel\t$10,537,096,327\tAvengers: Infinity War ($2,048,359,754)\t27\t$390,262,827\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Scarlett Johansson\n2. Robert Downey Jr\n3. Samuel L. Jackson\n4. Zoe Saldaña\n5. Chris Hemsworth\n",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "what is Stoicism\n\nText: \"\"\"\nStoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BCE. It is a philosophy of personal virtue ethics informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world, asserting that the practice of virtue is both necessary and sufficient to achieve eudaimonia (happiness, lit. 'good spiritedness'): one flourishes by living an ethical life. The Stoics identified the path to eudaimonia with a life spent practicing virtue and living in accordance with nature.\n\nAlongside Aristotelian ethics, the Stoic tradition forms one of the major founding approaches to virtue ethics. The Stoics are especially known for teaching that \"virtue is the only good\" for human beings, and that external things, such as health, wealth, and pleasure, are not good or bad in themselves (adiaphora) but have value as \"material for virtue to act upon\". Many Stoics—such as Seneca and Epictetus—emphasized that because \"virtue is sufficient for happiness\", a sage would be emotionally resilient to misfortune. The Stoics also held that certain destructive emotions resulted from errors of judgment, and they believed people should aim to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is \"in accordance with nature\". Because of this, the Stoics thought the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how a person behaved. To live a good life, one had to understand the rules of the natural order since they believed everything was rooted in nature.\n\nStoicism flourished throughout the Roman and Greek world until the 3rd century CE, and among its adherents was Emperor Marcus Aurelius. It experienced a decline after Christianity became the state religion in the 4th century CE. Since then, it has seen revivals, notably in the Renaissance (Neostoicism) and in the contemporary era (modern Stoicism).\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Stoicism is a Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BCE, emphasizing personal virtue ethics, logic, and harmony with the natural world. It teaches that practicing virtue is necessary and sufficient for achieving eudaimonia (happiness). Stoics believe that \"virtue is the only good\" and those external things are neither good nor bad but valuable as material for virtue. They emphasize emotional resilience, as well as the importance of behavior over words. Stoicism flourished in the Roman and Greek world until the 3rd century CE and has experienced revivals, such as during the Renaissance and in the modern era.\n",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | summarization |
[
{
"content": "What shape are Philodendron leaves?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe leaves are usually large and imposing, often lobed or deeply cut, and may be more or less pinnate. They can also be oval, spear-shaped, or in many other possible shape variations. The leaves are borne alternately on the stem. A quality of philodendrons is that they do not have a single type of leaf on the same plant. Instead, they have juvenile leaves and adult leaves, which can be drastically different from one another. The leaves of seedling philodendrons are usually heart-shaped early in the life of the plant. But after it has matured past the seedling stage, the leaves will acquire the typical juvenile leaf's shape and size. Later in the philodendron's life, it starts producing adult leaves, a process called metamorphosis. Most philodendrons go through metamorphosis gradually; there is no immediately distinct difference between juvenile and adult leaves. Aside from being typically much bigger than the juvenile leaves, the shape of adult leaves can be significantly different. In fact, considerable taxonomic difficulty has occurred in the past due to these differences, causing juvenile and adult plants to mistakenly be classified as different species.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "They are spear-shaped",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "Please extract Sinclair's awards from this paragraph and list them in bullets in order from oldest to most recent.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nSinclair has received numerous awards for his research, including the Irving S. Wright Award of Distinction from the American Federation for Aging Research in 2018, the Advance Award in Life Sciences from the Australian government in 2017, and the Australian Society for Medical Research Medal in 2014. In 2014, Sinclair was included in Time 100 as one of the hundred most influential people in the world, and in 2018 he was included in Time magazine's 50 Most Influential People in Health Care. In 2018, Sinclair was made an officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for \"distinguished service to medical research into the biology of ageing and lifespan extension, as a geneticist and academic, to biosecurity initiatives, and as an advocate for the study of science\" (2018 Australia Day Honours).\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "-Time's 100 most influential people in the world\n-Australian Society for Medical Research Medal\n-Advance Award in Life Sciences\n-Irving S Wright Award of Distinction\n-Time magazine's 50 Most Influential People in Health Care\n-Officer of the Order of Australia",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | information_extraction |
[
{
"content": "Tell me whether the following animals are part of the cat family: ocelot, lion, jackal, caracal, leopard, fox, tiger, lynx.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ocelot, lion, caracal, leopard, tiger, lynx are all species that are part of the Felidae family (commonly known as cats). Jackals and foxes are part of the Canidae (or dog) family. While the two groups have physical similarities, they also have distinctive physical and behavioral differences.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "Why should you visit Ireland?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ireland is one of the most beautiful places that I've lived. It does rain quite a bit but on a sunny day I've never seen a more beautiful place. The grass is a vivid green and the nature comes to life on those sunny days. If you like history it's also a great place to explore with various ruins scattered across the country as well as plenty of castles. Ireland also has some great beaches and while the water is cold it's also refreshing and worth the beauty that you will find while you explore the beaches. If it's nightlife you are looking for look no further than Temple Bar in Dublin. The restaurants and pubs are very welcoming with a diverse cuisine that will satisfy anyone's appetite.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | creative_writing |
[
{
"content": "What is the name of the meme crypto coin that Elon Musk made famous?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Elon Musk brought attention to the crypto currency Dogecoin by tweeting the word \"One word: Doge\". This brought the coin into meme status with its value starting at $0.0047 and skyrocketing to $0.7376 by May 2021.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "When was the first bicycle race?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe first bicycle race is popularly held to have been a 1,200 m (3,900 ft) race on the 31 May 1868 at the Parc de Saint-Cloud, Paris, France. It was won by expatriate Englishman James Moore who rode a wooden bicycle with solid rubber tires. The machine is now on display at the museum in Ely, Cambridgeshire, England.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It's commonly believed that the first bicycle race was held May 31, 1868 at the Parc de Saint-Cloud, Paris, France. The race distance was 1,200 m and was won by James Moore, an expatriate Englishman. Moore rode a wooden bicycle with solid rubber tires. Moore's bicycle is now on display in a museum in England.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | summarization |
[
{
"content": "I want to buy a work monitor which is to be used along with the laptop. What features of monitor should be considered?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Based on type of work \nFor coding or text content creation \n - size 24-28 inch monitor would suffice\n - resolution 1920 * 1080 or lower \n - can be swirled to landscape or portrait mode\n - refresh rate of 60-90 hz\nFor video or game content creation \n - size 28 or higher curved monitors\n - resolution QHD, UHD, 4K\n - refresh rate 120 hz\n - preferable having speakers",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "Give me a list of some of the most popular song from 70s Japanese Pop singer, Mariya Takeuchi",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Plastic Love\n2. Stay with Me\n3. September\n4. Miracle Love\n5. Yume No Tsuzuki",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | brainstorming |
[
{
"content": "Tell me which one of the following countries are in the European Union: The Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, Finland, the United Kingdom, Italy, Luxembourg, Turkey, Australia, Vietnam, Canada.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Netherlands, Germany, Finland, Italy and Luxembourg are in the European Union.\n\nRest of the countries: Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Australia, Vietnam and Canada are not a part of the European Union but might have deals allowing them to benefit from the certain conveniences of the European Union such as free trade.\n\nFor example, while Switzerland has very close ties with European Union nations and has similar benefits, they are not a part of the EU. Switzerland enjoys benefits such as freedom of movement of people between the EU member states and Switzerland, this is due to a separate agreement: Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons (AFMP).",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "Solve the following equation: y = 7x + 2 where x = 2",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sure, we can solve this equation step by step:\n\n1. y = 7(2) + 2\n2. y = 14 + 2\n3. y = 16\n\nThe final answer is 16",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "Why do some people prefer to drink hot water than cold water?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "People live in the north tend to live drinking hot beverages, such as tea or hot coco due to the cold weather in the winter. However, for people who have low tolerance in caffeine, it is better for them to not drink the previously listed beverages. A warm cup of water could help heat up the body, while reduce the intake of caffeine. \n\nAlso, in development areas, cold water source may not be sanitary for people to intake directly. After boiling the water, it kills 99% of germs, and will make it safer for people to drink as well.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "Find all sports from this passage that use the term hat-trick.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe term first appeared in 1858 in cricket, to describe H. H. Stephenson taking three wickets with three consecutive deliveries. Fans held a collection for Stephenson, and presented him with a hat bought with the proceeds.[full citation needed] The term was used in print for the first time in 1865 in the Chelmsford Chronicle.[non-primary source needed] The term was eventually adopted by many other sports including hockey, association football, Formula 1 racing, rugby, and water polo.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Term hat-trick is primarily used in Cricket but is also adopted in hockey, association football, Formula 1 racing, rugby, and water polo.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | information_extraction |
[
{
"content": "From the text below extract the types of species and the percentage of its habitat in the form {Species}:{Percentage} and place them as a bullet list\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIndia is a megadiverse country, a term employed for 17 countries which display high biological diversity and contain many species exclusively indigenous, or endemic, to them. India is a habitat for 8.6% of all mammal species, 13.7% of bird species, 7.9% of reptile species, 6% of amphibian species, 12.2% of fish species, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species. Fully a third of Indian plant species are endemic. India also contains four of the world's 34 biodiversity hotspots, or regions that display significant habitat loss in the presence of high endemism.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Here are the types of species and their percentages stated in the given text:\nMammal species : 8.6%\nBird species : 13.7%\nReptile species : 7.9%\nAmphibian species : 6%\nFish species : 12.2%\nFlowering Plant species : 6.0%",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | information_extraction |
[
{
"content": "Classify the following as types of birds or types of snakes: robin, cobra, rattlesnake, eagle, viper, raptor, bluejay, cottonmouth, copperhead, sparrow.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Robin, eagle, raptor, bluejay, and sparrow are all kinds of birds. Cobra, rattlesnake, viper, cottonmouth, and copperhead are several types of snakes.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "Who prepares the Global Hunger Index?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Global Hunger Index is jointly prepared by Welhunger Life and Concern Worldwide",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ilimba, Khim",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ilimba is percussion, Khim is string.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "Who is Stephen King?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nStephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. Described as the \"King of Horror\", a play on his surname and a reference to his high standing in pop culture, his books have sold more than 350 million copies, and many have been adapted into films, television series, miniseries, and comic books. King has published 64 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and five non-fiction books. He has also written approximately 200 short stories, most of which have been published in book collections.[\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Stephen King is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. He is described as the \"King of Horror\" for his high standing in pop culture, his books have sold more than 350 million copies, and many have been adapted into films, television series, miniseries, and comic books",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | information_extraction |
[
{
"content": "Give me a list of the greatest chess players of all time",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The greatest chess players of all time include Garry Kasparov, Magnus Carlsen, and Bobby Fischer.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | brainstorming |
[
{
"content": "What is the team that Michael Jordan played?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Chicago Bulls",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "Given a reference text about the E.S. Hoyt House, tell me how big the inside of the house is and how many rooms it has.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe E.S. Hoyt House is a historic house in Red Wing, Minnesota, United States, designed by the firm of Purcell & Elmslie and built in 1913. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is also a contributing property to the Red Wing Residential Historic District.\n\nDescription and history\nThe house is one of their more elaborate designs because its owner had a budget that allowed for lavish decoration. The result is comparable to the William Gray Purcell House and the Edward L. Powers House, both in Minneapolis. The horizontal lines of the Prairie School are more pronounced in this house; they are expressed in the bands of art glass windows on both levels and the cantilevered second story. Its owner, E.S. Hoyt, was the president of the Red Wing Stoneware Company.\n\nThe exterior is clad with brick on the first floor and red stucco on the second floor. The house has ten rooms and about 3,600 square feet (330 m2) of floor space. It has 99 diamond-paned art glass windows and a considerable amount of quarter sawn white oak wood ornamentation. The second story of the house is cantilevered over the first story. The entrance opens into a hallway that leads to a library on the left and a living room on the right. The living room, dining room, and an enclosed porch are all stretched across the front of the house and provide plenty of light through the art glass windows. Several of these windows provide panoramic views of the Mississippi River. The kitchen is located behind the dining room, although it has been remodeled since its original design. The second floor of the house has four bedrooms and two bathrooms, several of which have corner windows that expand the sense of space. The maid's room, over the kitchen, had a separate staircase.[\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The E.S. Hoyt House is about 3,600 square feet and has ten rooms.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "Which inventions of the 20th century had the greatest positive impact on human lifespan?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It would be hard to argue against vaccinations or antibiotics, which have combined to limit or eliminate many life-threatening diseases throughout most of the world, such as polio, tuberculosis, and bacterial infections. Improved labor and delivery practices have significantly cut down maternal and infant morbidity rates. Electricity and synthetic fertilizers have also played key roles in establishing safe and plentiful food supply chains. There are many other examples as well.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "What is the name of the major school of praxiology not developed by Ludwig von Mises\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIn philosophy, praxeology or praxiology (/ˌpræksiˈɒlədʒi/; from Ancient Greek πρᾶξις (praxis) 'deed, action', and -λογία (-logia) 'study of') is the theory of human action, based on the notion that humans engage in purposeful behavior, contrary to reflexive behavior and other unintentional behavior.\n\nFrench social philosopher Alfred Espinas gave the term its modern meaning, and praxeology was developed independently by two principal groups: the Austrian school, led by Ludwig von Mises, and the Polish school, led by Tadeusz Kotarbiński.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The major school of praxiology not developed by Ludwig von Mises is the Polish school, which was led by Tadeusz Kotarbiński.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "Give me a bulleted list of all artists that performers on the Trolls World Tour Soundtrack.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nTrolls World Tour: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2020 DreamWorks Animation film Trolls World Tour, released by RCA Records on March 13, 2020. The soundtrack is produced primarily by singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake. The singles \"The Other Side\" by SZA and Timberlake and \"Don't Slack\" by Anderson .Paak and Timberlake were released prior to the album.\n\nBackground\nAs well as reprising his voice role as Branch in the sequel, Justin Timberlake also served as executive producer for its soundtrack, as he did on the original film's soundtrack, released in 2016. He revealed a handwritten list of the tracks on the soundtrack on his social media on February 13, also tagging the major artists featured on it.\n\nFollowing the plot of the film, in which the Trolls from the first film discover that Trolls around the world are divided by six different types of music (pop, funk, classical, techno, country, and rock), the soundtrack features songs in those genres.\n\nTrack listing\nNo.\tTitle\tWriter(s)\tProducer(s)\tLength\n1.\t\"The Other Side\" (SZA and Justin Timberlake)\t\nSolána RoweSarah AaronsJustin TimberlakeLudwig GöranssonMax Martin\nTimberlakeGöransson\n3:08\n2.\t\"Trolls Wanna Have Good Times\" (Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, James Corden, Ester Dean, Icona Pop, Kenan Thompson and The Pop Trolls)\t\nThompsonBernard EdwardsChristopher HartzDmitry BrillHerbie HancockLady Miss KierGöranssonNile RodgersQ-TipRobert HazardTowa Tei\nGöransson\t3:25\n3.\t\"Don't Slack\" (Anderson .Paak and Justin Timberlake)\t\nTimberlakeBrandon AndersonGöransson\nTimberlakeAnderson .PaakGöransson\n2:54\n4.\t\"It's All Love\" (Anderson .Paak, Justin Timberlake, Mary J. Blige and George Clinton)\t\nAndersonJames FauntleroyJoseph ShirleyGöransson\nShirleyGöransson\n3:35\n5.\t\"Just Sing (Trolls World Tour)\" (Justin Timberlake, Anna Kendrick, Kelly Clarkson, Mary J. Blige, Anderson .Paak and Kenan Thompson)\t\nTimberlakeAaronsGöranssonMartin\nTimberlakeGöransson\n3:34\n6.\t\"One More Time\" (Anthony Ramos)\t\nThomas BangalterGuy-Manuel de Homem-ChristoAnthony Moore\nGöransson\t2:42\n7.\t\"Atomic Dog World Tour Remix\" (George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic, Anderson .Paak and Mary J. Blige)\t\nClintonDavid SpradleyGarry ShiderAnderson\nClintonShirleyGöransson\n4:17\n8.\t\"Rainbows, Unicorns, Everything Nice\" (Walt Dohrn and Joseph Shirley)\tAidan Jensen\tGöransson\t0:12\n9.\t\"Rock N Roll Rules\" (Haim and Ludwig Göransson)\t\nAlana HaimDanielle HaimEste HaimGöransson\nGöransson\t3:10\n10.\t\"Leaving Lonesome Flats\" (Dierks Bentley)\t\nChris StapletonTimberlake\nTimberlakeGöransson\n3:10\n11.\t\"Born to Die\" (Kelly Clarkson)\t\nStapletonTimberlake\nTimberlakeGöransson\n3:26\n12.\t\"Trolls 2 Many Hits Mashup\" (Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, James Corden, Icona Pop and The Pop Trolls)\t\nAnslem DouglasArmando PerezDonnie WahlbergDan HartmanEmma BuntonYoo Gun-hyungPark Jai-sangDavid ListenbeeMark WahlbergMatthew RoweMelanie BrownMelanie ChrisholmPeter SchroederBiff StannardSandy WilhelmStefan GordySkyler GordyFaheem Najm\nGöransson\t1:01\n13.\t\"Barracuda\" (Rachel Bloom)\t\nAnn WilsonMichael DerosierNancy WilsonRoger Fisher\nGöransson\t4:06\n14.\t\"Yodel Beat\" (Ludwig Göransson)\tGöransson\tGöransson\t2:50\n15.\t\"Crazy Train\" (Rachel Bloom)\t\nOzzy OsbourneRandy RhoadsBob Daisley\nGöransson\t3:15\n16.\t\"I Fall to Pieces\" (Sam Rockwell)\t\nHank CochranHarlan Howard\nGöransson\t2:14\n17.\t\"Perfect for Me\" (Justin Timberlake)\t\nTimberlakeKenyon DixonGöransson\nTimberlakeGöransson\n3:47\n18.\t\"Rock You Like a Hurricane\" (Bloom)\t\nHerman RarebellKlaus MeineRudolf Schenker\nGöransson\t3:05\n19.\t\"It's All Love (History of Funk)\" (George Clinton, Mary J. Blige, Anderson .Paak)\t\nAndersonFauntleroyShirleyGöransson\nShirleyGöransson\n2:10\n20.\t\"Just Sing (Trolls World Tour)\" (Justin Timberlake, Anna Kendrick, James Corden, Kelly Clarkson, George Clinton, Mary J. Blige, Anderson .Paak, Rachel Bloom, Kenan Thompson, Anthony Ramos, Red Velvet, Icona Pop and Sam Rockwell)\t\nS. RoweTimberlakeAaronsGöranssonMartin\nTimberlakeGöransson\n4:00\nTotal length:\t60:00\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "• (SZA and Justin Timberlake)\n• (Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, James Corden, Ester Dean, Icona Pop, Kenan Thompson and The Pop Trolls)\n• (Anderson .Paak and Justin Timberlake)\n• (Anderson .Paak, Justin Timberlake, Mary J. Blige and George Clinton)\n• (Trolls World Tour)\" (Justin Timberlake, Anna Kendrick, Kelly Clarkson, Mary J. Blige, Anderson .Paak and Kenan Thompson)\n• (Anthony Ramos)\n• (George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic, Anderson .Paak and Mary J. Blige)\n• (Walt Dohrn and Joseph Shirley)\n• (Haim and Ludwig Göransson)\n• (Dierks Bentley)\n• (Kelly Clarkson)\n• (Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, James Corden, Icona Pop and The Pop Trolls)\n• (Rachel Bloom)\n• (Ludwig Göransson)\n• (Rachel Bloom)\n• (Sam Rockwell)\n• (Justin Timberlake)\n• (Bloom)\n• (George Clinton, Mary J. Blige, Anderson .Paak)\n• (Justin Timberlake, Anna Kendrick, James Corden, Kelly Clarkson, George Clinton, Mary J. Blige, Anderson .Paak, Rachel Bloom, Kenan Thompson, Anthony Ramos, Red Velvet, Icona Pop and Sam Rockwell)",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | summarization |
[
{
"content": "How much is in a baker's dozen?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A baker's dozen is not 12, it is 13. There is a story for the origin of this practice that dates back to medieval times and bakers throwing in an extra roll or loaf of bread, to avoid being found guilty of cheating their customers based on prices vs quantity of wheat flour sold. In modern times, the practice is more about generosity of your baker; though you might not find a baker who actually gives you 13 when you pay for a dozen donuts.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "Why there is no infant rice cereal in the market now?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Because there are more concerns on the arsenic in the rice. And it is a bigger concerns for the babies. FDA says that the rice intake for infants is about three times greater than for adults relative to body weight. So more and more families start to change to other alternatives. infant rice cereal is gone by time.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "What is an isotherm?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAn isotherm is a line that connects points on a map that have the same temperature. Therefore, all points through which an isotherm passes have the same or equal temperatures at the time indicated. An isotherm at 0 °C is called the freezing level. The term was coined by the Prussian geographer and naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, who as part of his research into the geographical distribution of plants published the first map of isotherms in Paris, in 1817.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "An isotherm is a line that connects points on a map that have the same temperature.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | summarization |
[
{
"content": "What is the fastest way to travel between the United States and Croatia?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The fastest way to travel would be by airplane, which would be faster than a boat trip",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "What is used to make the dough of boiled Chinese dumplings?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Wheat is used to make the flour of boiled Chinese dumplings.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "What is the difference between natural and real numbers?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Natural numbers include positive whole numbers. For example, 1 and 2 belong to the natural set of numbers. Real numbers include any numbers between minus infinity and plus infinity. Natural numbers are subset of real numbers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "How many total seats are there?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway on 7 October 1957. The result was a victory for the Labour Party, which won 78 of the 150 seats in the Storting. As a result, the Gerhardsen government continued in office.\n\nThis was the last time a single party won a majority of seats on its own in a Norwegian election.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "150 seats",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "What is feeding Springfield Reservoir?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Broad Brook Canal is a water-supply canal feeding the Springfield Reservoir (a.k.a. the Ludlow Reservoir) in Ludlow, Massachusetts, a public water supply for the city of Springfield, Massachusetts. Its northern segment is also known as the Jabish Canal.\n\nThe canal was first constructed circa 1875. It was 11,960 feet (3,650 m) in length, and fed the Springfield Reservoir at its eastern side with water collected in the Belchertown Reservoir and swamp. This water, however, was thought to be of poor quality, and thus in 1890–1891 the canal was extended north through the Belchertown Reservoir to Jabish Brook, east of Broad Brook. After this addition, the canal's total length was about 8 miles (13 km), of which 1,400 feet (430 m) ran through a cast-iron pipe (54 inches in diameter) across the Cherry Valley dam. The entire canal was worked to be 22 feet (6.7 m) wide at the surface, 8 feet (2.4 m) wide at the bottom, with a depth of 4.66 feet (1.42 m).\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Broad Brook Canal is a water supply canal feeding the Springfield Reservoir also known as Ludlow Reservoir. It is the main water supply for the city of Springfield, Massachusetts. The Broad Brook canal was constructed in 1875 and is 11,960 feet in length.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | summarization |
[
{
"content": "How should I prioritize my time?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There's many ways to do this. A good rule of thumb is - how you spend your time should reflect your priorities. So I'd recommend\n- List out your highest priority goals in the part(s) of your life you're looking to optimize your time eg: time for yourself, time with family, time with friends, time at work etc\n- Do a sanity check on how you spend your time currently and see if it is out of alignment. You'll then know where to make adjustments\n- Periodically (eg: every few months), repeat this exercise to course correct as things change in your life",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | brainstorming |
[
{
"content": "Who is Malcolm X?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. A spokesman for the Nation of Islam until 1964, he was a vocal advocate for Black empowerment and the promotion of Islam within the Black community. A posthumous autobiography, on which he collaborated with Alex Haley, was published in 1965.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | information_extraction |
[
{
"content": "What is counterintelligence?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Counterintelligence is an activity aimed at protecting an agency's intelligence program from an opposition's intelligence service. It includes gathering information and conducting activities to prevent espionage, sabotage, assassinations or other intelligence activities conducted by, for, or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "How does water feel?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Water is typically a fluid at room temperature, as a fluid it feels wet. As a solid, its ice, which feels hard. As a gas, its vapor, which feels like a cool mist.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "Tell me whether these cities are in Minnesota, Arizona or neither.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Duluth - Minnesota\nBisbee - Arizona\nBend - Neither\nSt Joseph - Minnesota\nWhy - Arizona\nGuaymas - Neither",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Jingle, Utogardon",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Utogardon is string, Jingle is percussion.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "What is Augusta National Golf Club?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAugusta National Golf Club was founded by Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts, the course was designed by Jones and Alister MacKenzie and opened for play in 1932. Since 1934, the club has played host to the annual Masters Tournament, one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course. It was the top-ranked course in Golf Digest's 2009 list of America's 100 greatest courses and was the number ten-ranked course based on course architecture on Golfweek Magazine's 2011 list of best classic courses in the United States\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Augusta National Golf Club, sometimes referred to as Augusta is a private Golf Club in Augusta Georgia that was opened in 1932. Augusta is famously known for hosting the Masters Tournament which is one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | summarization |
[
{
"content": "Based on this paragraph about the Final Fantasy series, who created it?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nFinal Fantasy is a Japanese science fantasy anthology media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square). The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games. The first game in the series was released in 1987, with 15 numbered main entries having been released to date.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hironobu Sakaguchi",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "Tell me whether these are part of the judicial, executive, or legislative branch of government: Supreme Court, President, House, Senate",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Supreme Court: Judicial\nPresident: Executive\nHouse: Legislative\nSenate: Legislative",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "Categorize the following countries based on the language their majority speaks: Iraq, Iran, Turkey, UAE, Qatar, Afghanistan, Syria",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Iran and Afghanistan are majority Farsi (or a variation of it) speaking. Turkey is the majority Turkish speaking. Majority of people in Iraq, UAE, Qatar, and Syria speak Arabic. Contrary to the generally held belief that Iran and Afghanistan are a Arabic speaking countries, they are not. Farsi is a totally different language.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "What country has hosted the Olympic Games the most often?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The United States has hosted the Olympic Games 8 times between summer and winter Games.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "What is the Von Neumann architecture?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nearly all modern computers are based on this famous architecture consisting of a central processing unit, a memory for storing instructions and data, and a bus to transmit data between components including input and output devices.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "What is the difference between tennis and pickleball?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pickleball is a slower-paced game. The court is smaller than a tennis court so there is less ground to cover. Pickleball paddles are lighter than tennis rackets; even the ball itself is lighter. Pickleball is typically easier on your joints compared to tennis. Some believe pickleball is an easier sport to learn.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "What is Ana María Gonzalez famous for\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAna María González (born 13 April 1951) is a Spanish lyric soprano trained in Argentina, known for performing at the Teatro Colón from 1973 to 1994. Although associated with the Italian lyric repertoire, she also excelled in lyric soprano roles of the French repertoire such as Manon, Marguerite, and Juliette, which brought her international fame.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ana María Gonzalez (born 13 April 1951) is a Spanish lyric soprano trained in Argentina, known for performing at the Teatro Colón from 1973 to 1994. Although associated with the Italian lyric repertoire, she also excelled in lyric soprano roles of the French repertoire such as Manon, Marguerite, and Juliette, which brought her international fame.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | summarization |
[
{
"content": "From the passage identify the most common colloquial terms for dismissal in the United States and United Kingdom. Display the results in comma separated format.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nTermination of employment or separation of employment is an employee's departure from a job and the end of an employee's duration with an employer. Termination may be voluntary on the employee's part, or it may be at the hands of the employer, often in the form of dismissal (firing) or a layoff. Dismissal or firing is usually thought to be the employee's fault, whereas a layoff is generally done for business reasons (for instance, a business slowdown, or an economic downturn) outside the employee's performance.\n\nFiring carries a stigma in many cultures and may hinder the jobseeker's chances of finding new employment, particularly if they have been terminated from a previous job. Jobseekers sometimes do not mention jobs from which they were fired on their resumes; accordingly, unexplained gaps in employment, and refusal or failure to contact previous employers are often regarded as \"red flags\".\n\nDismissal is when the employer chooses to require the employee to leave, usually for the reason that is the employee's fault. The most common colloquial terms for dismissal in the United States are \"getting fired\" or \"getting canned\" whereas in the United Kingdom the terms \"getting the sack\" or \"getting sacked\" are also used.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "getting fired, getting canned, getting the sack, getting sacked",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | information_extraction |
[
{
"content": "What is a good city to visit in Michigan in the summer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Michigan is well known for the variety of activities it offers year round. In the summer, camping, golfing, bicycling, hiking and swimming are some of the popular activities locals and visitors enjoy. While there are many great cities in the state that cater to these and other activities, a perennial favorite is Traverse City. Traverse City is located on the western side of Michigan right on Lake Michigan and Grand Traverse Bay. This side of Michigan is often referred to as the Middle or Third Coast given the abundant shoreline. Traverse City is known for ease of access to all of the activities listed above as well as offering a small town feel with larger city amenities. There are also numerous cities and destinations all within a day’s drive including the famous Sleeping Bear Sand Dunes national lakeshore. The western side of Michigan is also known for its wine production and Traverse City has over 30 wineries within a 30 minute drive. Throughout the summer, Traverse City hosts many events, the most famous being the National Cherry Festival as Michigan is the largest tart cherry producing state in the US.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | creative_writing |
[
{
"content": "Given this paragraph about Dartmouth College traditions, which homecoming-related traditions are illegal?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nDartmouth Night starts the college's traditional \"Homecoming\" weekend with an evening of speeches, a parade, and a bonfire. Traditionally, the freshman class builds the bonfire and then runs around it a set number of times in concordance with their class year; the class of 2009 performed 109 circuits, the class of 1999 performed 99, etc. The College officially discourages a number of student traditions of varying degrees of antiquity. During the circling of the bonfire, upperclassmen encourage the freshmen to \"touch the fire\", an action legally considered trespassing and prohibited by police officials present. At halftime of the Homecoming football game on the Saturday of the weekend, some upperclassmen encourage freshman to \"rush the field\", although no upperclassman has seen a significant rush since several injuries sustained during the 1986 rush prompted the school to ban the practice. Among the two or three students who sometimes run across the field, those who are arrested are charged with trespassing (the independent newspaper The Dartmouth Review claimed to set up a fund to automatically pay any fines associated with freshman who rush the field.) However, in 2012 this was proven false when two students rushed the field and were arrested for disorderly conduct. The Dartmouth Review ignored their emails until finally replying and denying that this fund had ever existed. These students then had to pay $300 fines out of pocket. For the 2011 Homecoming game, however, over 40 members of the Class of 2015 rushed the field at homecoming without any action taken by Safety and Security or the Hanover Police Department.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Touching the bonfire, and rushing the football field during halftime of the homecoming game",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "Please write a bulleted list of the key people involved in the construction of the Amsterdam Centraal station, and their role in the project.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAmsterdam Centraal was designed by Pierre Cuypers, who is also known for his design of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. While Cuypers was the principal architect, it is believed that he focused mostly on the decoration of the station building and left the structural design to railway engineers. The station was built by contractor Philipp Holzmann. The new central station replaced Amsterdam Willemspoort Station, which had closed in 1878, as well as the temporary Westerdok Station used from 1878 to 1889. The idea for a central station came from Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, then the Netherlands Minister of the Interior and responsible for the national railways, who, in 1884, laid two proposals before the Amsterdam municipal council. In the first proposal, the station would be situated between the Leidseplein and the Amstel river. In the other, it would be built in the open harbour front allowing for the station to be connected to the existing main lines in the area to the west and the south, but also to a projected new northern line.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The key people involved in the construction of Amsterdam Centraal station were:\n- Pierre Cuypers: designer\n- Philipp Holzmann: building contractor\n- Johan Rudolph Thorbecke: proposer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | summarization |
[
{
"content": "Based on the passage provided in which years the movie named 'A star is Born' was released?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nA Star Is Born (1937 film), starring Janet Gaynor and Fredric March, directed by William A. Wellman\nA Star Is Born (1954 film), starring Judy Garland and James Mason, directed by George Cukor\nA Star Is Born (1976 film), starring Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson, directed by Frank Pierson\nA Star Is Born (2018 film), starring Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper, directed by Bradley Cooper\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1937, 1954, 1976 and 2018.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "What causes ocean tides?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tides are very long waves moving across the ocean and are caused by the gravitational forces exerted on the earth by the moon. When the highest point in the long-period wave reaches a shoreline the area experiences high tide. When the lowest point of the wave, the trough, reaches shore the area experiences low tide. The earth is mostly water and the water \"points\" at the moon, the parts of the Earth experiencing high tide is the water drawing towards the moon. The \"pointing\" water that faces the moon is formed because the gravitational pull of the moon is strongest on whichever side of the Earth faces it. Gravity pulls the ocean towards the moon and high tide occurs.\n\nThe bulge on the far side of the Earth is caused by inertia. The water moving away from the moon resists the gravitational forces that attempt to pull it in the opposite direction. Because the gravitational pull of the moon is weaker on the far side of the Earth, inertia wins, the ocean bulges out and high tide occurs. As the Earth spins, different areas of the planet face the moon, and this rotation causes the tides to cycle around the planet.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, when was the first model in OpenAI's GPT series trained?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nA large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks.\n\nProperties\nThough the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.\n\nThough trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to \"memorize\" a great quantity of facts during training.\n\nHallucinations\nMain article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence)\nIn artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a \"hallucination\" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data.\n\nEmergent abilities\n\nOn a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities.\nUnpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called \"emergent abilities\". Researchers note that such abilities \"cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models\". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs.\n\nArchitecture and training\nLarge language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or \"filling in the blanks\", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus.\n\nThe earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens.\n\nLLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million.\n\nA 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters).\n\nApplication to downstream tasks\nBetween 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via \"prompting\" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions.\n\nFine-tuning\nMain article: Fine-tuning (machine learning)\nFine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be \"frozen\", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen).\n\nPrompting\nSee also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing)\nIn the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In \"few-shot prompting\", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows:\n\nReview: This movie stinks.\nSentiment: negative\n\nReview: This movie is fantastic!\nSentiment:\n\nIf the model outputs \"positive\", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be \"The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is\".\n\nFew-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering.\n\nInstruction tuning\nInstruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt \"Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet.\" might provide a completion such as \"A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17.\" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, \"self-instruct\", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples).\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2018.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "Why is a higher interest rate on my home worse?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Getting a higher interest rate on a home loan increases the payments on your loan. Over time, a higher interest rate can greatly increase the amount that you pay to your lender. However, a silver lining might be the lower home prices that often accompany higher interest rates. It’s possible that refinancing after interest rates drop might provide an opportunity to pay less on your loan down the road.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "Based on this paragraph, what was the main focus of Mohammad Shah I's reign over his sultanate?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nWhen Mohammad inherited the newly born sultanate from his father Alauddin, the land was still infested with thieves and robbers. As such he spent the entire part of his reign in establishing law in his land. He ordered his governors to never give refuge to anyone who defied his authority. This campaign was successful and at the end of his reign,the land became peaceful and law abiding. He also sat on the takht-ē-firoza or The Turquoise throne which was gifted to him by Kapaya Nayaka.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mohammad was mainly focused on establishing law and order within his territory during his reign in order to remove thieves and robbers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "Share the best 7 European Cities for Nightlife",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Berlin \n2. Amsterdam\n3. Prague\n4. Budapest\n5. Dublin \n6. London\n7. Barcelona",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | brainstorming |
[
{
"content": "Where do bears live?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bears are native to every continent on earth besides Antarctica. Polar bears live in the Arctic, black bears live in North America and Asia, brown bears live in North America, Asia, and Europe, and Panda bears live in Asia.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Giant Panda, Oviraptor",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Oviraptor is extinct, Giant Panda is alive.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "How does a zipper work?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A zipper is used to repeatedly open and close two edges of a surface together, typically on garment bags, luggage, coats, and pants. Zippers refer to the system of two surface edges and a slider, where a human pulls the slider one direction to open and another direction to close. The slider interlocks \"teeth\" together to make the surfaces bind when they close, and disconnects the teeth apart when then open. Zippers are usually made from metal or plastic.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "In which part of Germany is the town Kirchenlamitz located?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nKirchenlamitz is a town in the district of Wunsiedel, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated in the Fichtelgebirge, 13 km northwest of Wunsiedel and 19 km south of Hof.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bavaria",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "what was population of India during Mauryan Era?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nPrehistory to early 19th century\nThe following table lists estimates for the population of India (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) from prehistory up until 1820. It includes estimates and growth rates according to five economic historians, along with interpolated estimates and overall aggregate averages derived from their estimates.[citation needed]\n\nEstimates of historical world population\n\nYear\tAggregate average\tPeriod\tAverage\n % growth\n/ century\nPopulation\t% of World population\n10,000 BC\t1,000\t0.83%\tStone Age\t30.28\n4000 BC\t1,000,000\t30.83%\n2000 BC\t13,000,000\t37.143%\tBronze Age\t26.25\n500 BC\t25,000,000\t41.70%\tIron Age\t\n400 BC\t26,000,000\t43.96%\n200 BC\t31,000,000\t47.63%\tMaurya era\t\n1 AD\t35,000,000\t35.56%\tClassical\nera\t\n200\t41,000,000\t36.15%\n400\t47,000,000\t40%\n500\t50,000,000\t43.58%\n600\t53,000,000\t48.83%\tEarly\nmedieval\nera\t\n700\t60,000,000\t56.67%\n800\t64,000,000\t55%\n900\t70,000,000\t53.34%\n1000\t79,000,000\t30%\n1100\t83,000,000\t35%\tLate\nmedieval\nera\t\n1200\t86,000,000\t36.67%\n1300\t91,000,000\t38.34%\n1400\t97,000,000\t30%\n1500\t105,000,000\t21.67%\n1600\t140,000,000\t23.33%\tEarly modern era\t\n1650\t170,000,000\t26.15%\n1700\t140,000,000\t20%\n1750\t183,000,000\t21.53%\n1800\t200,000,000\t20%\n1820\t210,000,000\t19.09%\nThe population grew from the South Asian Stone Age in 10,000 BC to the Maurya Empire in 200 BC at a steadily increasing growth rate, before population growth slowed down in the Early Medieval Era up to 700 AD, and then started decreasing the up to 1500 AD.\n\nUnder Mughal Empire, India experienced a high economic and demographic upsurge, due to Mughal agrarian reforms that intensified agricultural production. 15% of the population lived in urban centres, higher than the percentage of the population in 19th-century British India and contemporary Europe up until the 19th century. Those estimates were criticised by Tim Dyson, who considers them exaggerations. According to Dyson, urbanisation of the Mughal empire was less than 9%\n\nUnder the reign of Akbar (reigned 1556–1605) in 1600, the Mughal Empire's urban population was up to 17 million people, larger than the urban population in Europe. By 1700, Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people, larger than British India's urban population of 22.3 million in 1871. Nizamuddin Ahmad (1551–1621) reported that, under Akbar's reign, Mughal India had 120 large cities and 3,200 townships. A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter-million and half-million people, with larger cities including Agra (in Agra Subah) with up to 800,000 people and Dhaka (in Bengal Subah) with over 1 million people. Mughal India also had a large number of villages, with 455,698 villages by the time of Aurangzeb (reigned 1658–1707).\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It was around 31,000,000 during Maurya Era (200BC) .",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "5 best Resume titles",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Savvy & Energetic Director with Robust Skills in Marketing ,PR, IT, Healthcare , Administration\nLicensed FL Attorney and Experienced Educator Seeking Remote Work\nBilingual, dedicated, and proactive with experience in visual communication, office clerk, and CS.\nFlexible Professional with Experience in Account Management and International Consulting\nExperienced customer enthusiast ready to deliver diamond-level service!",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | brainstorming |
[
{
"content": "Did Magic Johnson or Larry Bird win more collegiate and professional basketball championships?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Magic Johnson. Magic Johnson has won 6 total which are the 1979 NCAA Championship (defeated Larry Bird), and NBA Championships in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987 and 1988. Larry Bird has only won three NBA Championships and zero collegiate championships.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "How do you gain muscle?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Gaining muscle mass requires proper exercise and a good diet. A good diet is important to give the body the nutrient it needs in order to sustain muscle growth. On the flip side, properly stressing the muscles will stimulate them to grow. This requires a variance of different exercises to work the muscle group. Otherwise, the muscle will build resistance to an often repeated exercise, and growth for that muscle will plateau.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "What are some tricks to learning a new language?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Learning a new language can be a great challenge. Here are some tips to help you learn a new language:\n1. Turn on Netflix subtitles or dubbing. You'll hear and read how people actually talk, including slang.\n2. Join an online chat group for other people learning your language or find someone in your community to practice speaking with.\n3. Use flash cards to common words and phrases. \n4. Listen to radio or podcasts in your new language.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | brainstorming |
[
{
"content": "What is Hornachuelos?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hornachuelos is a small, picturesque village in the Southern Region of Spain called Andalusia. It is famous for its ancient history, Roman walls and Natural Park.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "What is WordPress?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nWordPress (WP or WordPress.org) is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) written in hypertext preprocessor (PHP) language and paired with a MySQL or MariaDB database with supported HTTPS. Features include a plugin architecture and a template system, referred to within WordPress as \"Themes\". WordPress was originally created as a blog-publishing system but has evolved to support other web content types including more traditional mailing lists and Internet fora, media galleries, membership sites, learning management systems (LMS) and online stores.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "WordPress is a Content Management System (CMS) written in hypertext preprocessor (PHP). It uses either a MySQL or MariaDB database and has a robust library of WordPress plugins and themes for customization.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | information_extraction |
[
{
"content": "Classify each country as landlocked or not landlocked: China, Bolivia, Paraguay, Morocco, Ireland, Austria, Switzerland",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "China: Not Landlocked\nBolivia: Landlocked\nParaguay: Landlocked\nMorocco: Not Landlocked\nIreland: Not Landlocked\nAustria: Landlocked\nSwitzerland: Landlocked",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Lummi stick, Timple",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Timple is string, Lummi stick is percussion.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "Which onsen villages in Japan are the best to visit for foreign tourists? And what should I do once I'm in an onsen village?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many great onsen villages in Japan in which tourists of any nationals can enjoy the experience of bathing in natural hot springs. Some great examples are Hakone, Kusatsu and Nyuto Onsen. Ideally, you would want to spend a day or two in a village as these villages are often located in beautiful nature and offer great opportunities for hiking and walking.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "Tell me if these vegetables are or are not green: carrot, courgette, bell pepper, radish, spaghetti squash, onion.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "carrot - not green\ncourgette - green\nbell pepper - may be green\nradish - not green\nspaghetti squash - not green\nonion - may be green",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "can i run for president?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "According to the U.S. constitution you must meet the following requirements:\n\n- Be a natural-born citizen of the United States. \n- Be at least 35 years old. \n- Have been a resident of the United States for 14 years.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "Categorize these paint colours as “primary”, “secondary”, and “tertiary” according to the Quiller color wheel.\n\nCadmium Yellow Light, Permanent Green Light, Viridian Green, Green Blue, Phthalocyanine Blue, Ultramarine Blue, Ultramarine Violet, Magenta, Permanent Rose, Cadmium Red, Cadmium Scarlet, Cadmium Orange",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Primary: Cadmium Yellow Light, Phthalocyanine Blue, Permanent Rose\nSecondary: Viridian Green, Ultramarine Violet, Cadmium Scarlet\nTertiary: Permanent Green Light, Green Blue, Ultramarine Blue, Magenta, Cadmium Red, Cadmium Orange",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | classification |
[
{
"content": "Can you tell if someone has hypothyroidism by looking at their face?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Quite often, symptoms of hypothyroidism can be seen by the appearance of an individual's face or neck. The first and most common symptom is an unusually puffy or swollen face or neck. Individuals with hypothyroidism may also have thin eyebrows, with the outer portion of the brow either extremely sparse or missing. Dry skin on the face and neck, persistent acne around the mouth or chin, tired, swollen looking eyes and thinning hair are also common symptoms of hypothyroidism. If you or someone you know are experiencing any of these symptoms, it's important to be seen by a doctor.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "Will AI replace all human beings?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "When I was writing down those words used to train an AI model, I feel funny. Some of my friends expressed concern that AI could soon replace humans and take away all of our jobs. However, I see things differently. I believe that AI has the potential to develop rapidly, and I'm excited to see how it will transform the world in my lifetime. If AI can create more resources, we may be able to live more comfortably and work fewer hours. This could allow us to pursue our passions and interests without worrying so much about survival. Additionally, in the future, humans may be able to live alongside AI, which mean live more longer and stronger.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | brainstorming |
[
{
"content": "Give me a chronological bulleted list based on a timeline of events\n\nText: \"\"\"\nOlson served as a law clerk for Judge Barbara Jacobs Rothstein on the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington for two years immediately after finishing law school. She served as a trial attorney and later Deputy Director of the National Church Arson Task Force in the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division from 1992 to 1997. From 1994 to 1997, she also worked part-time as an adjunct professor at George Washington University Law School.\n\nIn 1997, Olson joined the Office of the United States Attorney for the District of Idaho, rising to the rank of Senior Litigation Counsel at the time of her appointment in 2010.\n\nAfter Olson resigned in 2017, she joined the Boise office of Stoel Rives, a law firm that operates in the Pacific Northwest. In 2021, Olson was included on a shortlist of possible nominees to succeed Judge B. Lynn Winmill.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "* 1992 to 1997: Olson served as a trial attorney and later Deputy Director of the National Church Arson Task Force in the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division\n* 1994 to 1997: Olson worked part-time as an adjunct professor at George Washington University Law School\n* 1997: Olson joined the Office of the United States Attorney for the District of Idaho\n* 2010: Olson rose to the rank of Senior Litigation Counsel\n* 2017: Olson resigned\n* 2017: Olson joined the Boise office of Stoel Rives, a law firm that operates in the Pacific Northwest\n* 2021: Olson was included on a shortlist of possible nominees to succeed Judge B. Lynn Winmill",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | summarization |
[
{
"content": "What are some fun ways that you could spend time with your family?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many different fun activities that you could do with your family. Some examples include going for a walk, visiting a museum, watching a movie, doing an arts and crafts project, playing a board game, or trying a new restaurant. Please note that your decision ought to consider factors such as the ages, health, interests, and available time of the family members.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | brainstorming |
[
{
"content": "What is the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Pulitzer in Fiction is awarded each year to the American author who published the best novel written in the prior year.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "According to the given paragraph, how do convolutional neural networks avoid overfitting in machine learning?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIn deep learning, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is a class of artificial neural network most commonly applied to analyze visual imagery. CNNs use a mathematical operation called convolution in place of general matrix multiplication in at least one of their layers. They are specifically designed to process pixel data and are used in image recognition and processing. They have applications in image and video recognition, recommender systems, image classification, image segmentation, medical image analysis, natural language processing, brain–computer interfaces, and financial time series.\n\nCNNs are also known as Shift Invariant or Space Invariant Artificial Neural Networks (SIANN), based on the shared-weight architecture of the convolution kernels or filters that slide along input features and provide translation-equivariant responses known as feature maps. Counter-intuitively, most convolutional neural networks are not invariant to translation, due to the downsampling operation they apply to the input.\n\nCNNs are regularized versions of multilayer perceptrons. Multilayer perceptrons are usually fully connected networks, that is, each neuron in one layer is connected to all neurons in the next layer. The \"full connectivity\" of these networks make them prone to overfitting data. Typical ways of regularization, or preventing overfitting, include: penalizing parameters during training (such as weight decay) or trimming connectivity (skipped connections, dropout, etc.) Developing robust datasets also increases the probability that CNNs will learn the generalized principles that characterize a given dataset rather than the biases of a poorly-populated set.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has a fully connected layer in which each neuron is connected to every neuron in the next layer, this structure helps to avoid overfitting",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | summarization |
[
{
"content": "Who played Harry Bosch in the eponymous TV series?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nDetective Hieronymus \"Harry\" Bosch is a fictional character created by American author Michael Connelly. Bosch debuted as the lead character in the 1992 novel The Black Echo, the first in a best-selling police procedural series now numbering 24 novels.\n\nThe novels are more or less coincident in timeframe with the year in which they were published. Harry, as he is commonly known by his associates, is a veteran police homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department. He was named after the 15th-century Dutch artist Hieronymus Bosch.\n\nTitus Welliver portrayed the title character from 2015 to 2021 in Bosch, a television series adapted from the novels, and from 2022 in its spin-off series Bosch: Legacy.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Titus Welliver played Detective Harry Bosch in \"Bosch\" and in \"Bosch:Legacy\".",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | closed_qa |
[
{
"content": "What is Mario Puzo's most famous book?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Godfather. Originally published in 1969, is a novel about a fictional crime family in New York.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "What is the capital city of Malaysia?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The capital city of Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "what is a computer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation) automatically.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "Is it fun to play guitar? How do you start playing guitar?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Playing guitar is a worthwhile and super fun exercise for anyone, but especially those that are musically inclined. Even for a beginner, its not difficult to be able to start playing simple songs from great artists like the Rolling Stones, The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, or even Led Zeppelin. The best way to get started is by understanding open chords, both major and minor, and simple string picking patterns.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | general_qa |
[
{
"content": "Pitch me some bad ideas for cologne scents.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Goat cheese\n- Dead bird\n- Nursing home\n- Gasoline\n- Carcase\n- Sweat\n- Basement must\n- Mold",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | brainstorming |
[
{
"content": "What are the names of some of the cities in the Boston Metro West area?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Boston Metro West cities include Newton, Natick, Framingham, Wellesley, Dedham, and Needham, among others.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "Extract all words derived from Swahili language in the following paragraph:\n\nText: \"\"\"\nShingopana is known from a partial jaw, represented by the angular bone. Shingopana is also known from four cervical vertebrae; with two of these vertebrae having preserved cervical ribs and another isolated cervical rib. Shingopana instead had remnants of a bulbous expansion on the incompletely preserved cervical vertebrae, which probably helped to strengthen its neck.\"\"\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The following are words extracted from Swahili language in the above paragraph: Shingopana (which means wide neck).",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | information_extraction |
[
{
"content": "How many cents do I have if I have 3 quarters?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "If you have 3 quarters, you have 75 cents.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |
[
{
"content": "Which Game of Thrones episode does Arya go blind?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Arya goes temporarily blind in the last episode of season 5, entitled \"Mother's Mercy\"",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | open_qa |