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[ { "content": "Why do people work out at the gym?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "People work out at the gym for a number of reasons: to lose weight, stay healthy, body building competitions, learning about fitness, becoming a trainer, group fit classes, and fitness socializing / friendship. The most common reason is most likely weight loss. Getting in a gym for this reason is a great way to stay motivated because you see people around you who are also doing the same thing as you to lose weight. This community of people will be able to give you the support system needed to be successful in a short or long term weight loss journey too.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "If I have a dollar, two nickels and a quarter, how much money in total do I have. Please respond with words only, no symbols or numbers.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A dollar, two nickels and a quarter is equal to one dollar and thirty five cents.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Extract the names of influencers on Ruben Dario's poetry\n\nText: \"\"\"\nFrench poetry was a determinant influence in Darío's formation as a poet. In the first place, the romantics, particularly Victor Hugo. Later on, and in a decisive fashion, Darío was influenced by the parnassians: Théophile Gautier, Catulle Mendès, and José María de Heredia. Another decisive influence was the writer of prose and poetry and national hero of Cuba, Jose Martí. The final defining element of Darianian aesthetic is his admiration towards the symbolists, especially Paul Verlaine. Recapitulating his own poetic trajectory in the initial poem of Cantos de vida y esperanza (1905) Darío himself synthesized his main influences when he affirms that he was \"strong with Hugo and ambiguous with Verlaine\" (\"con Hugo fuerte y con Verlaine ambiguo\".)\n\nIn the section \"Palabras Liminares\" of Prosas Profanas (1896) he had already written a paragraph that reveals the importance of French culture in the development of his literary work:\n\nThe old Spaniard with a white beard points towards a series of illustrious portraits: \"This one—he says—is the great Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, one-handed genius; this one is Lope de Vega, this one is Garcilaso, this one Quintana.\" I ask him for the noble man Gracián, for Teresa of Ávila, for the brave Góngora and the strongest of all, Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas. Then I say: \"Shakespeare! Dante! Hugo...! (and in my head: Verlaine...!)\"\nThen, when saying goodbye: \"-Old man, it is important to say: my wife is from my land; my mistress is from Paris.\"\n\nLos raros is an illustrative volume regarding literary tastes, which he published on the same year as Prosas profanas, and dedicated to briefly glossing some of the writers and intellectuals towards whom he felt profound admiration. Amongst those in the book we find Edgar Allan Poe, Villiers de l'Isle Adam, Léon Bloy, Paul Verlaine, Lautréamont, Eugénio de Castro and José Martí (the latter being the only one mentioned who wrote their literary work in Spanish.) The predominance of French culture is more than evident. Darío wrote: \"Modernism is nothing more than Spanish verse and prose passed through the fine sieve of the good French verse and the good French prose.\" Setting aside his initial stage, before Azul..., in which his poetry owes a great deal to the great names of 19th-century Spanish poetry, such as Núñez de Arce and Campoamor, Darío was a great admirer of Bécquer. Spanish themes are well represented in his work, already in Prosas profanas and, specially, after his second trip to Spain, in 1899. Conscious of contemporaneous Spanish decadence in politics and the arts (a preoccupation he shared with the so-called Generation of '98), he frequently was inspired by characters and elements of the past. Regarding authors in other languages, it is worth mentioning that he felt a profound admiration towards three writers from the United States: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Edgar Allan Poe and Walt Whitman.[citation needed]\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Victor Hugo\nThéophile Gautier\nCatulle Mendès \nJosé María de Heredia\nJose Martí\nPaul Verlaine\nEdgar Allan Poe\nVilliers de l'Isle Adam\nLéon Bloy\nLautréamont\nEugénio de Castro\nRalph Waldo Emerson\nWalt Whitman", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "According to Hofstadter what is the theme of the book Gödel, Escher, Bach?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIn response to confusion over the book's theme, Hofstadter emphasized that Gödel, Escher, Bach is not about the relationships of mathematics, art, and music—but rather about how cognition emerges from hidden neurological mechanisms. One point in the book presents an analogy about how individual neurons in the brain coordinate to create a unified sense of a coherent mind by comparing it to the social organization displayed in a colony of ants.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "According to Hofstadter, the main theme of Gödel, Escher, Bach is how cognition emerges from hidden neurological mechanisms.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are the examples of analog content provided in the passage? List them separated by semicolon.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nDatafication is a technological trend turning many aspects of our life into data which is subsequently transferred into information realised as a new form of value. Kenneth Cukier and Viktor Mayer-Schönberger introduced the term datafication to the broader lexicon in 2013. Up until this time, datafication had been associated with the analysis of representations of our lives captured through data, but not on the present scale. This change was primarily due to the impact of big data and the computational opportunities afforded to predictive analytics.\n\nDatafication is not the same as digitization, which takes analog content—books, films, photographs—and converts it into digital information, a sequence of ones and zeros that computers can read. Datafication is a far broader activity: taking all aspects of life and turning them into data [...] Once we datafy things, we can transform their purpose and turn the information into new forms of value\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The examples provided in the above passage for analog content are: books; films; photographs.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Based on the reference provided, what are some tactics firefighters use to stay safe while fighting wildfires?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nOutcomes from Project Vesta have been integrated into firefighter training in Australia and are beginning to appear in the United States.\n\nFirefighters try to stay out of the dead man zone at all times, working from safe points such as burnt ground or a large area of non-burnable ground, such as a cricket or Australian rules football oval, or a large car park. This is achieved by attacking the fire from the flanks, or the rear, so that burnt ground is always nearby, and the fire is always in front of the firefighters. This avoids two disadvantages of attacking fires at the head of the fire where spot fires may start behind them or changes in wind behavior might accelerate the spread of the fire.\n\nThe result of several inquiries into firefighter death in Australian bushfires found that firefighters should stay out of the dead man zone and that they should always keep 250 liters of water in their truck for personal safety. This is now a standard operating procedure in the NSW Rural Fire Service, Country Fire Service and Country Fire Authority in Australia.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Firefighters keep out of the dead man zone and carry large amounts of water (at least 250 liters) with them.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Choose the word which is different from the rest: Swan, Chicken, Crocodile, Frog, Snake.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The options provided include multiple reptiles and birds. Reptiles are air-breathing, cold-blooded vertebrates that have scaly bodies rather than hair or feathers. Birds are warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrate distinguished by the possession of feathers, wings, and a beak. Since there are multiple reptiles and birds listed the answer lies in their habitat. The correct answer is chicken as all others listed can live in water.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Malimba, Langspil", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Langspil is string, Malimba is percussion.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Give me a bunch of ways that you can get information from a book.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "There a number of ways to gather information from a book, you can listen to the audiobook version, there are a number of services that provide abridged versions of books that you can try, alternatively you can simply read the book.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Think up of three different animals that lay eggs", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Chickens, ducks and geese all lay eggs", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "learn about 1989 UP–DND accord\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe 1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord (UP–DND accord) was a bilateral agreement between the Department of National Defense (DND) and the University of the Philippines (UP) that restricted military and police access and operations inside the university.\n\nBackground\nOn October 28, 1981, an agreement between then-UP student leader Sonia Soto and then-defense minister Juan Ponce Enrile, known as the Soto–Enrile accord, was signed to protect students from the presence of the military and police in any of UP's campuses.\n\nOn June 16, 1989, Donato Continente, a staffer of The Philippine Collegian and an alleged communist, was arrested within the premises of the university for his involvement in the killing of US Army Col. James Nicholas Rowe on April 21, 1989. The Supreme Court of the Philippines later shortened Continente's jail sentence, releasing him on June 28, 2005, after being incarcerated for over 14 years. Continente pled not guilty of the crime and claimed that he was tortured and abducted by ununiformed authorities to admit that he took part in it.\n\nNegotiation\n14 days after Continente's arrest, on June 30, 1989, UP President Jose V. Abueva and Defense Secretary Fidel V. Ramos signed the agreement, which effectively succeeded the 1981 Soto–Enrile accord. The agreement was made to ensure the academic freedom of UP's students and prevent state officials from interfering with students' protests.\n\nProvisions\nThe provisions of the agreement were the following:\n\nState officials that are intending to conduct an operation inside a UP campus shall give a prior notification to the UP administration except in the events of a pursuit, or any other emergency situations.\nUP officials shall provide assistance to law enforcers within UP premises and endeavor to strengthen its own security, police, and fire-fighting capabilities without being exploited unlawfully.\nOnly uniformed authorities may enter the university if a request for assistance by the UP administration is granted.\nState officials shall not interfere with any peaceful protest being conducted by the UP's constituents within the premises of the university. UP officials shall be deemed responsible for the actions and behavior of their constituents.\nSearch and arrest warrants for students, faculty members, and employees shall be given after a prior notification was sent to the UP administration.\nNo warrant shall be served after twenty-four hours of its service and without the presence of at least two UP officials.\nThe arrest and detention of any UP student, faculty, and employee in the Philippines shall be reported immediately by the authorities in-charge to the UP administration.\nTermination\nOn January 18, 2021, Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana and his office announced to the public the unilateral termination of the agreement citing that the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its armed wing, New People's Army (NPA), both tagged as terrorist organizations by the Anti-Terrorism Council, have been recruiting members inside the university and called it a \"hindrance in providing effective security, safety, and welfare of the students, faculty, and employees of UP.\" The DND notified the termination of the agreement to UP three days earlier. The Armed Forces of the Philippines chairman of the joint chiefs Gilbert Gapay claimed that at least 18 students of the university recruited by the NPA have been killed so far in clashes with the military according to their records.\n\nA similar agreement between the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) and the DND that was signed in 1990 is also being advocated for termination by Duterte Youth Representative Ducielle Cardema.\n\nReactions and responses\nPresident Rodrigo Duterte supported the DND's decision to abrogate the agreement according to a statement by Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque. In an interview with CNN Philippines, Roque, a former UP law professor and human rights lawyer, replied to a tweet from UP professor Danilo Arao that questions his honor and excellence, by saying that he already asked the defense secretary and the UP president to settle down. When asked about his personal opinion about the decision, he said, \"there's really no such thing when you are a presidential spokesperson.\"\n\nVice President Leni Robredo, on the other hand, denounced the decision and said that the decision was meant to silence the critics of the administration. On January 20, Senators Joel Villanueva, Sonny Angara, Nancy Binay, and Grace Poe filed a bill in the Senate to institutionalize the accord into Republic Act No. 9005, or the University of the Philippines Charter of 2008. Several lawmakers from both branches of Congress have also expressed their concerns and disagreements with the DND's decision.\n\nUP President Danilo Concepcion said that the termination of the agreement was \"totally unnecessary and unwarranted\" and was made without consulting the UP administration. UP Student Regent Renee Co, meanwhile, called the decision \"one of the [government's] worst attempts at destroying the institutional safeguards that UP students have fought to put in their struggle for their democratic rights.\"\n\nOn January 19, the UP held a rally to condemn the termination of the agreement. The hashtag #DefendUP was trended on Twitter with some discussion pointed to the Duterte administration, stating that \"this is another way of the administration to threaten and silence activists who have opposed President Duterte's several policies, especially on supposed red-tagging activities and on the COVID-19 pandemic response.\"\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The 1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord (UP–DND accord) was a bilateral agreement between the Department of National Defense (DND) and the University of the Philippines (UP) that restricted military and police access and operations inside the university. On October 28, 1981, an agreement between then-UP student leader Sonia Soto and then-defence minister Juan Ponce Enrile, known as the Soto–Enrile accord, was signed to protect students from the presence of the military and police in any of UP's campuses. On June 16, 1989, Donato Continente, a staffer of The Philippine Collegian and an alleged communist, was arrested within the premises of the university for his involvement in the killing of US Army Col. James Nicholas Rowe on April 21, 1989. Ramos signed the agreement, effectively succeeding the 1981 Soto–Enrile accord. The agreement was made to ensure the academic freedom of UP's students and prevent state officials from interfering with students' protests. State officials intending to conduct an operation inside a UP campus shall give prior notification to the UP administration except in the event of pursuit or any other emergencies. UP officials shall assist law enforcers within UP premises and endeavour to strengthen its security, police, and fire-fighting capabilities without being exploited unlawfully. State officials shall not interfere with any peaceful protest conducted by the UP's constituents within the university's premises. Search and arrest warrants for students, faculty members, and employees shall be given after prior notification is sent to the UP administration. The arrest and detention of any UP student, faculty, or employee in the Philippines shall be reported immediately by the authorities in charge to the UP administration. On January 18, 2021, Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana and his office announced to the public the unilateral termination of the agreement citing that the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its armed wing, New People's Army (NPA), both tagged as terrorist organizations by the Anti-Terrorism Council, have been recruiting members inside the university and called it a \"hindrance in providing effective security, safety, and welfare of the students, faculty, and employees of UP.\" The DND notified the termination of the agreement to UP three days earlier. The Armed Forces of the Philippines chairman of the joint chiefs Gilbert Gapay claimed that at least 18 students of the university recruited by the NPA had been killed so far in clashes with the military, according to their records. A similar agreement between the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) and the DND signed in 1990 is also being advocated for termination by Duterte Youth Representative Ducielle Cardema. President Rodrigo Duterte supported the DND's decision to abolish the agreement, according to a statement by Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque. In an interview with CNN Philippines, Roque, a former UP law professor and human rights lawyer, replied to a tweet from UP professor Danilo Arao that questioned his honour and excellence, saying that he had already asked the defence secretary and the UP president to settle down. Vice President Leni Robredo, on the other hand, denounced the decision and said that the decision was meant to silence the administration's critics. On January 20, Senators Joel Villanueva, Sonny Angara, Nancy Binay, and Grace Poe filed a bill in the Senate to institutionalize the accord into Republic Act No. 9005, or the University of the Philippines Charter of 2008. Several lawmakers from both branches of Congress have also expressed their concerns and disagreements with the DND's decision. UP President Danilo Concepcion said that the termination of the agreement was \"unnecessary and unwarranted\" and was made without consulting the UP administration. Meanwhile, UP Student Regent Renee Co called the decision \"one of the [government's] worst attempts at destroying the institutional safeguards that UP students have fought to put in their struggle for their democratic rights.\"", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Give me some reasons to work for a tech company", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Working for a tech company has many advantages, here are some of them:\n* You will be working on cutting edge technologies\n* You'll have the opportunity to help people and organisations solve everyday problems with technology\n* You will be rewarded for your creativity and sense of initiative\n* The salaries in tech companies are high compared to average\n* There is high demand for tech workers so you can easily find new opportunities", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is supply and demand?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Supply and demand are economic terms in a free-market economy that dictate the price of a good or service. Typically shown on a two-dimensional axis where y is price and x is the quantity, the price of a particular good or service is when the two linear lines intersect. Supply has a negative sloping line indicating that when demand is fixed an increase in quantity of a good or service results in a lower unit price of that good or service. Demand has a positive linear line meaning that has more demand for a good or item increases while supply remains fixed then the price for that good or service increases.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Why do Jews eat matza on Passover?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The book of Exodus commands the Jews to eat matza. The bible says that at the time of the exodus, the Jews left Egypt in such a hurry that their dough did not have time to rise. To commemorate this, they eat unleavened bread, or matza, every Passover.\n\nMany Jews eat matza today, even if they do not believe that they obeying a divine command. They may eat matza as a means of connecting with their Jewish heritage, or because they are participating in a seder, the traditional Passover meal, or just because they like the taste.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "which of these cities are in asia: cardiff, amsterdam, mumbai, bangalore, delhi?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The following cities are in Asia: Mumbai, Bangalore( new name Bengalooru), Delhi. Cardiff is in the U.K. and Amsterdam in Europe.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What's the best binding setup for ski touring?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It depends on the emphasis of ski touring. If you favor more downhill performance, the CAST bindings is the clear winner as it utilizes the battle tested Look Pivot Bindings for downhill skiing, however, its heavy weight and complex transition actions may deter people. If you favor uphill performance, a pair of tech bindings may be a good choice, as they are light in weight, although they may not be as reliable. A good compromise between uphill and downhill may be Atomic Shift Bindings, they offer close to alpine binding experience for the downhill while being relatively light.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Why kids who pursue athletics do well in professional life ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Study shows that kids who pursue athletics are on average more successful in their professional life. This can largely attributed to traits such as grit, practice, competitiveness, teamwork, passion and drive that athletics fosters in participating kids. These traits continue to serve well as individuals grow into their professional life.\n-", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Gastornis, Chimpanzee", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Gastornis is extinct, Chimpanzee is alive.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "India’s first Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus is indigenously developed by", "role": "user" }, { "content": "KPIT-CSIR in Pune", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Which city is the capital city of California?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sacramento is the capital of California.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Sort these car brands and models into car types, either sedan, SUV, or sports car: Volkswagon Atlas, Porsche Boxter, Ford Mustang, Porsche Cayenne, Toyota Camry, Toyota Corolla, Dodge Durango, Chevrolet Camaro, Ford Explorer, Nissan Sentra, Porsche 911, Ford Escape, Chevrolet Equinox, Honda Pilot, Kia Telluride, Genesis G90, Honda Accord, Honda Civic, Kia Forte", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The SUVs are: Volkswagon Atlas, Porsche Cayenne, Dodge Durango, Ford Explorer, Ford Escape, Chevrolet Equinox, Honda Pilot, Kia Telluride, and Genesis G90. The sports cars are: Porsche Boxter, Chevrolet Camaro, Porsche 911, and Ford Mustang. The sedans are: Toyota Camry, Toyota Corolla, Nissan Sentra, Honda Accord, Honda Civic, and Kia Forte.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Classify the following celebrities as Indian or Non-Indian: tom holland, gigi hadid, sara ali khan, vijay sethupathi, priyanka chopra, tom cruise, brad pitt.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Inidan: sara ali khan, vijay sethupathi, priyanka chopra\nNon-Indian: tom holland, gigi hadi, tom cruise, brad pitt", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given that preserving human brains for more than a century is fairly uncommon, what do you think was the motivation for preserving Guiteau's brain?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nJames A. Garfield, the 20th president of the United States, was shot at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C., at 9:30 am on Saturday, July 2, 1881. He died in Elberon, New Jersey, 79 days later on September 19, 1881. The shooting occurred less than four months into his term as president. Garfield's assassin was Charles J. Guiteau, whose motive was revenge against Garfield for an imagined political debt, and getting Chester A. Arthur elevated to president. Guiteau was convicted of Garfield's murder and executed by hanging one year after the shooting.\n\nPart of Guiteau's preserved brain is on display at the Mütter Museum at the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Guiteau's bones and more of his brain, along with Garfield's backbone and a few ribs, are kept at the National Museum of Health and Medicine, at the Army's Forest Glen Annex in Silver Spring, Maryland. Garfield's assassination was instrumental to the passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act on January 16, 1883. Garfield himself had called for civil service reform in his inaugural address and supported it as president in the belief that it would make government more efficient. It was passed as something of a memorial to the fallen President. Arthur lost the Republican nomination in 1884 to Blaine, who went on to lose a close election to Democrat Grover Cleveland.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "One reason for preserving the brain may have been to study structural abnormalities that could have explained Guiteau's violent behavior. Alternatively, because Guiteau was well-known and infamous, his brain may have been preserved for use as a memento or as a warning to discourage presidential assassinations in the future.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "If you are traveling outside the country, categorize each of the following as either: ‘Mandatory’, ‘Good to have’, ‘Least important’. Passport, Cash of the country visiting, Power bank, Book, Pen, Laptop", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Mandatory: Passport\nGood to have: Cash of the country visiting, Powerbank\nLeast important: Book, Pen, Laptop", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are the words of House Mallister?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "\"Above the Rest\"", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is electrical conduction?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current. Electric current can flow through some things, electrical conductors, but will not flow through an electrical insulator.\nBy historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation.\nThe process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling. Examples of electric currents include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas such as electrical sparks. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimetre per second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires.\nIn engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative.  If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time. The time-averaged value of an alternating current is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse. Alternating current is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to transients, such as when first energised.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Based on the text, please give a bulleted list of Marc Andreessen’s accomplishments\n\nText: \"\"\"\nMarc Lowell Andreessen (/ænˈdriːsən/ ann-DREE-sən; born July 9, 1971) is an American entrepreneur, venture capital investor, and software engineer. He is the co-author of Mosaic, the first widely used web browser with a graphical user interface; co-founder of Netscape; and co-founder and general partner of Silicon Valley venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. He co-founded and later sold the software company Opsware to Hewlett-Packard. Andreessen is also a co-founder of Ning, a company that provides a platform for social networking websites. He sits on the board of directors of Meta Platforms. Andreessen was one of six inductees in the World Wide Web Hall of Fame announced at the First International Conference on the World-Wide Web in 1994. As of February 2023, his net-worth is estimated at $1.7 billion by Forbes.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Co-author of the first widely used web browser with a graphical user interface (Mosaic)\nCo-founder of Netscape\nCo-founder of Andreessen Horowitz\nCo-founder of Opsware\nCo-founder of Ning\nBoard member of Meta Platforms\nInductee in the World Wide Web Hall of Fame", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What makes a song popular?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "There are several aspects that determine if a song is popular. The best songs may not be the most popular. Songs need to be promoted and played on the radio. The song needs to be recommended on most music services. It also helps if the song is made by a popular artist that most people are familiar with. All of this helps determine if a song is popular or not.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given this reference text about the Philadelphia Phillies, how many stadiums have they had and where do they play currently?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883, replacing the team from Worcester, Massachusetts, in the National League. The team has played at several stadiums in the city, beginning with Recreation Park (1883–1886) and continuing at Baker Bowl (1887–1938); Shibe Park (which was renamed Connie Mack Stadium in 1953 in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager Connie Mack) (1938–1970); Veterans Stadium (1971–2003), and now Citizens Bank Park (2004-present).\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Phillies have played in five different stadium throughout their history in Philadelphia. They currently play at Citizens Bank Park.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Was Wilbur Snyder a good wrestler\n\nText: \"\"\"\nWilbur Snyder (September 15, 1929 – December 25, 1991) was an American football player and professional wrestler.\n\nWrestling career\nSnyder's wrestling debut occurred during football's 1953 off-season. He was trained by Sandor Szabo and Warren Bockwinkel in Southern California. In 1954, Snyder retired from football completely to pursue a full-time career in wrestling. Part of his in-ring persona included the use of many football tactics, and it garnered Snyder a lot of national attention. He had already been a regional champion in Montreal, Quebec, Canada when he made a name for himself by defeating Verne Gagne and winning the United States Championship at Marigold Arena in Chicago on April 7, 1956.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Wilbur Snyder (September 15, 1929 – December 25, 1991) was an American football player and professional wrestler.\n\nSnyder's wrestling debut occurred during football's 1953 off-season. He was trained by Sandor Szabo and Warren Bockwinkel in Southern California. In 1954, Snyder retired from football completely to pursue a full-time career in wrestling. Part of his in-ring persona included the use of many football tactics, and it garnered Snyder a lot of national attention. \n\nHe had already been a regional champion in Montreal, Quebec, Canada when he made a name for himself by defeating Verne Gagne and winning the United States Championship at Marigold Arena in Chicago on April 7, 1956.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Do RVs have bathrooms?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Whether or not RVs have bathrooms, and the type of bathroom, depends on the RV. Most larger RVs have a “dry bath”. “Dry” means that there is a stand-alone shower. Some showers in dry baths are very small, and some are the size of residential showers. Many smaller RVs have “wet baths”, meaning there is no separate shower. There is a shower nozzle in the bathroom space, and when taking a shower everything in the space gets wet (including the toilet, shelves, walls, etc). Wet baths are usually carefully designed so that everything in the bathroom can get wet without damage. Some RVs do not have bathrooms, but have toilets that are hidden in a cabinet and slide out. This is more common in DIY conversions.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Please give me a short bulleted list of the key components/architectures in a convolutional neural network.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nA convolutional neural network consists of an input layer, hidden layers and an output layer. In any feed-forward neural network, any middle layers are called hidden because their inputs and outputs are masked by the activation function and final convolution. In a convolutional neural network, the hidden layers include layers that perform convolutions. Typically this includes a layer that performs a dot product of the convolution kernel with the layer's input matrix. This product is usually the Frobenius inner product, and its activation function is commonly ReLU. As the convolution kernel slides along the input matrix for the layer, the convolution operation generates a feature map, which in turn contributes to the input of the next layer. This is followed by other layers such as pooling layers, fully connected layers, and normalization layers.\n\nConvolutional layers\n\nConvolutional layers convolve the input and pass its result to the next layer. This is similar to the response of a neuron in the visual cortex to a specific stimulus. Each convolutional neuron processes data only for its receptive field. Although fully connected feedforward neural networks can be used to learn features and classify data, this architecture is generally impractical for larger inputs (e.g., high-resolution images), which would require massive numbers of neurons because each pixel is a relevant input feature. A fully connected layer for an image of size 100 × 100 has 10,000 weights for each neuron in the second layer. Convolution reduces the number of free parameters, allowing the network to be deeper. For example, using a 5 × 5 tiling region, each with the same shared weights, requires only 25 neurons. Using regularized weights over fewer parameters avoids the vanishing gradients and exploding gradients problems seen during backpropagation in earlier neural networks.\n\nTo speed processing, standard convolutional layers can be replaced by depthwise separable convolutional layers, which are based on a depthwise convolution followed by a pointwise convolution. The depthwise convolution is a spatial convolution applied independently over each channel of the input tensor, while the pointwise convolution is a standard convolution restricted to the use of \n\nPooling layers\nConvolutional networks may include local and/or global pooling layers along with traditional convolutional layers. Pooling layers reduce the dimensions of data by combining the outputs of neuron clusters at one layer into a single neuron in the next layer. Local pooling combines small clusters, tiling sizes such as 2 × 2 are commonly used. Global pooling acts on all the neurons of the feature map. There are two common types of pooling in popular use: max and average. Max pooling uses the maximum value of each local cluster of neurons in the feature map, while average pooling takes the average value.\n\nFully connected layers\nFully connected layers connect every neuron in one layer to every neuron in another layer. It is the same as a traditional multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP). The flattened matrix goes through a fully connected layer to classify the images.\n\nReceptive field\nIn neural networks, each neuron receives input from some number of locations in the previous layer. In a convolutional layer, each neuron receives input from only a restricted area of the previous layer called the neuron's receptive field. Typically the area is a square (e.g. 5 by 5 neurons). Whereas, in a fully connected layer, the receptive field is the entire previous layer. Thus, in each convolutional layer, each neuron takes input from a larger area in the input than previous layers. This is due to applying the convolution over and over, which takes into account the value of a pixel, as well as its surrounding pixels. When using dilated layers, the number of pixels in the receptive field remains constant, but the field is more sparsely populated as its dimensions grow when combining the effect of several layers.\n\nTo manipulate the receptive field size as desired, there are some alternatives to the standard convolutional layer. For example, atrous or dilated convolution expands the receptive field size without increasing the number of parameters by interleaving visible and blind regions. Moreover, a single dilated convolutional layer can comprise filters with multiple dilation ratios, thus having a variable receptive field size.\n\nWeights\nEach neuron in a neural network computes an output value by applying a specific function to the input values received from the receptive field in the previous layer. The function that is applied to the input values is determined by a vector of weights and a bias (typically real numbers). Learning consists of iteratively adjusting these biases and weights.\n\nThe vectors of weights and biases are called filters and represent particular features of the input (e.g., a particular shape). A distinguishing feature of CNNs is that many neurons can share the same filter. This reduces the memory footprint because a single bias and a single vector of weights are used across all receptive fields that share that filter, as opposed to each receptive field having its own bias and vector weighting.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The key components/architecture of a convolutional neural network include:\n\nConvolutional layers: These layers convolve the input matrix and reduce the number of free parameters and allows the network to be deeper.\n\nPooling layers: These layers reduce the dimensions of data by combining the outputs of neuron clusters at one layer into a single neuron in the next layer.\n\nFully connected layers: These layers connect every neuron in one layer to every neuron in another layer. \n\nReceptive field: Each neuron receives input from a restricted area of the previous layer called the neuron's receptive field. In a convolutional layer, each neuron takes input from a larger area in the input than previous layers.\n\nWeights: The vectors of weights and bias are used by the neural's function to compute an output value from input value.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What was Mark Twain's real name?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nSamuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was praised as the \"greatest humorist the United States has produced\", and William Faulkner called him \"the father of American literature\". His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the latter of which has often been called the \"Great American Novel\". Twain also wrote A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) and Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894), and co-wrote The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (1873) with Charles Dudley Warner.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Mark Twain was born on November 30, 1835 as Samuel Langhorne Clemens. He was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was praised as the \"greatest humorist the United States has produced\", and William Faulkner called him \"the father of American literature\". His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the latter of which has often been called the \"Great American Novel\".", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given this paragraph about Saffron, where does this name originally come from?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nA degree of uncertainty surrounds the origin of the English word \"saffron\". It might stem from the 12th-century Old French term safran, which comes from the Latin word safranum, from the Arabic (زَعْفَرَان), za'farān, which comes from the Persian word zarparan meaning \"gold strung\" (implying either the golden stamens of the flower or the golden color it creates when used as flavor).\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It comes from the Persian word zarparan", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Shane Fenton became famous as who", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Alvin Stardust", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is linear regression?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Linear regression is an approach for modeling the relationship between and independent and dependent variables. It is a linear relationship that is described by a positive, negative, or a 0 slope. The slope describes the velocity of the relationship being measured by the Linear Regression. The variables measured using linear regression have to be continuous. If any of your measurements are discrete you can take a log transform of those variables into order to make then continuous and be able to use Linear Regression.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Who wrote Dr Zhivago", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Boris Pasternak", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Why do some countries outperform other countries in certain sports despite having a smaller population?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A country's success in a given sport at the international level will depend on a number of factors other than population alone. While a country's population is a good identifier for the total selection pool for high performing athletes to come from, it is one of many factors. A country's founding history, climate zone, and GDP are other notable factors in sport performance. \n\nA nations history plays factor as many sports are baked in centuries of tradition. For example, Cricket, which is believed to have originated in England is most popular in countries that were originally British Colonies. Long traditions such as this set specific sports into the culture of a nation, increasing the percentage of the athlete pool that it can pull from and can increase the level at which that nation is competitive. \n\nClimate zone can also influence the competitiveness of a country in given sports. Norway, fore example, earned the most olympic medals of any country in the 2022 olympic games with a total of 37 medals. In the summer games of 2020 (held in 2021), Norway ranked 20th overall with just 8 medals. Norways Climate and Topography have led winter sports to be extremely popular, and Norway has over time developed elite programs in cross country/nordic skiing, speed skating, curling, biathlon, and ski jumping. \n\nA nations wealth will also influence performance in sport at the international level. This occurs predominantly for two reasons. First is that more money enables larger budgets on equipment, coaching, player development, participation in international circuits, data insights, medical staff etc. that over time create a performance separation from those who can not afford these things. Second is access to sports, many sports are quite expensive some examples include snow sports, gymnastics, swimming, hockey, and polo. Nations which can not afford to provide the facilities or support to develop athletes will often fail to draw a large talent pool and not be competitive at the international level.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is the sport called Cricket", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Cricket is a sport first originated in Wngland. Cricket was invented by British. While cricket was primarily played starting 17th century, there have been some obscure and speculative references of sport being played in 13th century during era of King Edward II. Cricket is game played with a flat bat and a ball with each team consisting of 11 players. The goal of the game is to score as many runs as a team can score while getting their turn to bat and getting the other team out before they can reach their target. Each team can bat once and have to field while other team bats. Cricket is played in circular or oval shaped fields. The patch in the middle of the ground is called the pitch which is 22 yards in length. At each end of the pitch, three sticks are planted in the ground called stumps. Two small wooden pieces are placed on top of stumps called bails. This setup is called a wicket. Two batters from the batting team will bat on each end of the pitch. Runs are scored by hitting a ball and then running back and forth from one end of the pitch to another end. Batter can send the ball to the boundary while pitching on the ground one or more times to score 4 runs or hit the ball over the boundary without having it bounce on the ground to score 6 runs. Fielding team will place 11 of their players at various locations in the field. Person from the fielding team throwing the ball to a batter from batting team is called a bowler. Bowler’s goal is to get the batter out. Bowler will typically throw the ball on the pitch letting it bounce once on the pitch and eventually reaching a batter. There are different ways to dismiss or get a batter out. The bowler can throw the ball to a batter, induce a shot from the batter and have that ball caught directly by one of the fielder in the field. Bowler can also throw the ball toward a batter to make him or her miss and to hit the stumps or bails, thus disturbing his wicket. Bowler will deliver ball 6 times when their turn comes up. The grouping of 6 deliveries that a bowler throws to a batter is called an Over. Batters can also get run out while attempting to score a run and getting caught outside of their safe zone marked by a crease at each end of the pitch. Modern game of cricket contains many versions. These versions are called Test Cricket, One day internationals (ODI), and Twenty20. Originally, game of cricket lasted for many days. In the older version of the game , each team got a chance to bat twice and field twice taking as many days as possible to conclude the game. In modern version of the game, this mode of play called Test Cricket has been fixed to five days. So, Test cricket can last as many as five days. One day internationals (also referred to as ODI) is a game of cricket that lasts one day. Each side gets 50 overs to bowl to another team and each side gets to bat once. Goal of a team is to score as many runs as possible in 50 overs while restricting their opposition to lesser score or getting them out completely. ODI typically lasts for 6 to 7 hours. Even more popular version of the game is called Twenty20 or T20. In this mode of the game, each team only gets 20 overs to bat and have to get their opponents out in 20 overs or to restrict them to lesser number of runs. This mode of cricket is very popular because the game only lasts for 3 hours requiring much less time of the viewers. There are many countries beside England that currently play cricket making the sport a truly global sport. The countries that play cricket are England, South Africa, Australia, India, Pakistan, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, West Indies. The sport is also played by new entrants in the game, namely Netherlands, Ireland, Namibia, UAE, Afghanistan, USA, Canada, Papua New Guinea.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "For what was Luigi Giura reknowned known.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nLuigi Giura was an an Italian engineer and architected who lived from 1795 to 1865 and was famous for the design and construction of the second suspension bridge in Europe, which was the first suspension bridge within continental Europe.\n\nGiura was born in Masschito, a small town within the Vulture-Melfi geographical region within the Basilicata administrative region in Southern Italy. He later was an inaugural student of the School of Bridges and Roads. After his graduation in 1814, he was admitted to the Corps of Bridges and Roads. During his time with the Corps of Bridges and Roads, he was able to undertake a series of study tours in Britain and France within which he became familiarized with their new perspectives and industrial developments.\n\nThe Corps of Bridges and Roads completed many projects while Giura was engaged, including channels for the flow of water in critical mountain areas. However, Luigi Guira is most famous for his suspension bridge designs including the Bridge Real Ferdinando sul Garigliano--the first suspension bridge in continental Europe-- and the Maria Cristina Bridge on the River Calore. He later returned as the director of the School of Bridges and Roads in 1860 and was sought as a public advisor to regional governments within Italy.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Giura was the Inspector of the Corps of Bridges and Roads of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Giura is most famous for the design and construction of the second suspension bridge in Europe, the first in continental Europe, in 1832.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given a reference text about NATO, when did Finland become a member?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Republic of Finland has been a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 4 April 2023. Finland had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership, since 1995.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "April 4, 2023", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given these paragraphs about Asperger syndrome, what disorder has it merged into?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAsperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. The syndrome is no longer recognised as a diagnosis in itself, having been merged with other conditions into autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It was considered to differ from other diagnoses that were merged into ASD by relatively unimpaired spoken language and intelligence.\n\nThe syndrome was named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, who, in 1944, described children in his care who struggled to form friendships, did not understand others' gestures or feelings, engaged in one-sided conversations about their favourite interests, and were clumsy. In 1994, the diagnosis of Asperger's was included in the fourth edition (DSM-IV) of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; however, with the publication of DSM-5 in 2013 the syndrome was removed, and the symptoms are now included within autism spectrum disorder along with classic autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). It was similarly merged into autism spectrum disorder in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as of 2021.\n\nThe exact cause of Asperger's is poorly understood. While it has high heritability, the underlying genetics have not been determined conclusively. Environmental factors are also believed to play a role. Brain imaging has not identified a common underlying condition. There is no single treatment, and the UK's National Health Service (NHS) guidelines suggest that 'treatment' of any form of autism should not be a goal, since autism is not 'a disease that can be removed or cured'. According to the Royal College of Psychiatrists, while co-occurring conditions might require treatment, 'management of autism itself is chiefly about the provision of the education, training and social support/care required to improve the person's ability to function in the everyday world'. The effectiveness of particular interventions for autism is supported by only limited data. Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems, such as mood or anxiety. Autistic characteristics tend to become less obvious in adulthood, but social and communication difficulties usually persist.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperger_syndrome\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It has been merged with other conditions into autism spectrum disorder (ASD)", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is a “knock knock joke”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It’s a joke with a specific format that requires interaction between two people. The person saying the joke begins with the phrase “knock knock” and the other person responds with “who’s there?” The person asking the joke then gives the setup, and the other person repeats back the setup verbatim and adds the word “who” at the end. The person asking the joke then delivers the punchline. An example of a knock knock joke is: \nKnock knock\nWho’s there?\nOrange\nOrange who?\nOrange you glad I’m only doing one knock knock joke!?", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What makes someone beautiful?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It's often said that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. What makes someone beautiful is subjective to whatever quality the individual or other party deems beautiful, attractive or desirable. Most individuals are not a good judge of their own appearance or qualities. According to the Austrian writer Kyle Krauss, the best way to be beautiful, is to stop worrying about being ugly. The most attractive people are often confident and are usually not concerned with how others perceive their appearance.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Tell me whether these are examples of twentieth-century architecture and design: modernism, art deco, art nouveau, post-modernism, victorian", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Modernism, post-modernism, art nouveau, victorian and art deco are all examples of twentieth-century architecture and design. Art nouveau and victorian can also be considered to be examples of nineteenth-century architecture and design, as art nouveau began circa 1890 and ended circa 1910, while victorian began circa 1837 and ended circa 1901, coinciding with the reign of Queen Victoria of Great Britain.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Where is Mount Everest located ?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nMount Everest is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation of 8,848.86 m was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Mount Everest is located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. It is bordered by China and Nepal which runs across its summit points.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "List me some details regarding carreer of lawyer Harry L. Shorstein\n\nText: \"\"\"\nHarry L. Shorstein (born August 3, 1940) is an American lawyer who served as State Attorney for Florida's Fourth Judicial Circuit Court, covering Duval, Clay and Nassau counties, from 1991–2008. A member of the Democratic Party, he was appointed to the post in 1991 by Governor Lawton Chiles to fill the remaining term of Ed Austin, who resigned to successfully run for mayor of Jacksonville. He was elected to a full term in 1992, re-elected in 1996, and ran unopposed in 2000 and 2004. At a February 6, 2007 news conference, the 66-year-old lawyer announced that he would not run for re-election in 2008. He subsequently returned to private practice, and was succeeded as State Attorney by Angela Corey.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. From 1991 to 2008, Harry L. Shorstein, an American attorney who was born on August 3, 1940, served as State Attorney for Florida's Fourth Judicial Circuit Court, which includes Duval, Clay, and Nassau counties.\n2. A Democrat, he was chosen by Governor Lawton Chiles to serve Ed Austin's unexpired term after the latter resigned to run successfully for mayor of Jacksonville.\n3. He won re-election to a full term in 1992, was unchallenged in 2000 and 2004 and was re-elected in 1996.\n4. The 66-year-old attorney declared he would not seek re-election in 2008 at a news conference on February 6, 2007.\n5. He later went back to private practice, and Angela Corey took over as state attorney.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are some facts about Aydın İlter?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAydın İlter (1 July 1930 – 21 April 2022) was a Turkish general. He was General Commander of the Gendarmerie of Turkey (1993 – 1995) and previously served in the Special Warfare Department from 1963 to 1983, including as head of the Department from 1980 to 1983.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Aydın İlter was born on July 1st, 1930. He as a Turkish General Commander of the Gendarmerie of Turkey from 1993 to 1995. Prior to serving as General Commander he served in the Special Warfare Department from 1963 to 1983. He was the head of that department from 1980 to 1983. Aydın İlter died on April 21st, 2022 at the age of 91.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Classify the following as a 'Country', 'State' or 'City': California, Sacramento, Chicago, Singapore, New Delhi, London, Tennessee, New York", "role": "user" }, { "content": "California: State\nSacramento: City \nChicago: City\nSingapore: Both Country and City\nNew Delhi: City\nLondon: City\nTennessee: City\nNew York: Both State and City", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Where is texas?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Texas is one of the 50 states in the United States. It is located in the center and central part of the United States. It has a coastline along the Gulf of Mexico that extends 350 miles, and a coastline along the Mexico border than extends nearly 2000 miles. The population of Texas is about 30 million people.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Tell me about Emily Procter\n\nText: \"\"\"\nEmily Mallory Procter (born October 8, 1968) is an American actress and activist. She played Ainsley Hayes in the NBC political drama The West Wing (2000–2002; 2006) and Det. Calleigh Duquesne in the CBS police procedural drama CSI: Miami (2002–2012).\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Emily Mallory Procter is an American actress and activist who acted on several TV dramas and shows", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Tell me about water fluoridation\n\nText: \"\"\"\nWater fluoridation is the controlled adjustment of fluoride to a public water supply solely to reduce tooth decay. Fluoridated water contains fluoride at a level that is effective for preventing cavities; this can occur naturally or by adding fluoride. Fluoridated water operates on tooth surfaces: in the mouth, it creates low levels of fluoride in saliva, which reduces the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases the rate at which it remineralizes in the early stages of cavities. Typically a fluoridated compound is added to drinking water, a process that in the U.S. costs an average of about $1.17 per person-year. Defluoridation is needed when the naturally occurring fluoride level exceeds recommended limits. In 2011, the World Health Organization suggested a level of fluoride from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L (milligrams per litre), depending on climate, local environment, and other sources of fluoride. Bottled water typically has unknown fluoride levels.\n\nTooth decay remains a major public health concern in most industrialized countries, affecting 60–90% of schoolchildren and the vast majority of adults. Water fluoridation reduces cavities in children, while efficacy in adults is less clear. A Cochrane review estimates a reduction in cavities when water fluoridation was used by children who had no access to other sources of fluoride to be 35% in baby teeth and 26% in permanent teeth. However, this was based on older studies which failed to control for numerous variables, such as increasing sugar consumption as well as other dental strategies. Most European countries have experienced substantial declines in tooth decay, though milk and salt fluoridation is widespread in lieu of water fluoridation. Recent studies suggest that water fluoridation, particularly in industrialized nations, may be unnecessary because topical fluorides (such as in toothpaste) are widely used, and caries rates have become low.\n\nAlthough fluoridation can cause dental fluorosis, which can alter the appearance of developing teeth or enamel fluorosis, the differences are mild and usually not an aesthetic or public health concern. There is no clear evidence of other side effects from water fluoridation. Fluoride's effects depend on the total daily intake of fluoride from all sources. Drinking water is typically the largest source; other methods of fluoride therapy include fluoridation of toothpaste, salt, and milk. The views on the most efficient method for community prevention of tooth decay are mixed. The Australian government states that water fluoridation is the most effective way to achieve fluoride exposure that is community-wide. The World Health Organization reports that water fluoridation, when feasible and culturally acceptable, has substantial advantages, especially for subgroups at high risk, while the European Commission finds no benefit to water fluoridation compared with topical use.\n\nPublic water fluoridation was first practiced in the U.S. As of 2012, 25 countries have artificial water fluoridation to varying degrees, 11 of them have more than 50% of their population drinking fluoridated water. A further 28 countries have water that is naturally fluoridated, though in many of them the fluoride is above the optimal level. As of 2012, about 435 million people worldwide received water fluoridated at the recommended level (i.e., about 5.4% of the global population).: 56  About 214 million of them live in the United States. Major health organizations such as the World Health Organization and FDI World Dental Federation supported water fluoridation as safe and effective. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists water fluoridation as one of the ten great public health achievements of the 20th century in the U.S. Despite this, the practice is controversial as a public health measure. Some countries and communities have discontinued fluoridation, while others have expanded it. Opponents of the practice argue that neither the benefits nor the risks have been studied adequately, and debate the conflict between what might be considered mass medication and individual liberties.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Water fluoridation is the controlled adjustment of fluoride to a public water supply solely to reduce tooth decay. Fluoridated water contains fluoride at a level that is effective for preventing cavities; this can occur naturally or by adding fluoride. Fluoridated water operates on tooth surfaces: in the mouth, it creates low levels of fluoride in saliva, which reduces the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases the rate at which it remineralizes in the early stages of cavities. Typically a fluoridated compound is added to drinking water, a process that in the U.S. costs an average of about $1.17 per person-year. Defluoridation is needed when the naturally occurring fluoride level exceeds recommended limits. In 2011, the World Health Organization suggested a level of fluoride from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L (milligrams per litre), depending on climate, local environment, and other sources of fluoride. Bottled water typically has unknown fluoride levels.\n\nTooth decay remains a major public health concern in most industrialized countries, affecting 60–90% of schoolchildren and the vast majority of adults. Water fluoridation reduces cavities in children, while efficacy in adults is less clear. A Cochrane review estimates a reduction in cavities when water fluoridation was used by children who had no access to other sources of fluoride to be 35% in baby teeth and 26% in permanent teeth. However, this was based on older studies which failed to control for numerous variables, such as increasing sugar consumption as well as other dental strategies. Most European countries have experienced substantial declines in tooth decay, though milk and salt fluoridation is widespread in lieu of water fluoridation. Recent studies suggest that water fluoridation, particularly in industrialized nations, may be unnecessary because topical fluorides (such as in toothpaste) are widely used, and caries rates have become low.\n\nAlthough fluoridation can cause dental fluorosis, which can alter the appearance of developing teeth or enamel fluorosis, the differences are mild and usually not an aesthetic or public health concern. There is no clear evidence of other side effects from water fluoridation. Fluoride's effects depend on the total daily intake of fluoride from all sources. Drinking water is typically the largest source; other methods of fluoride therapy include fluoridation of toothpaste, salt, and milk. The views on the most efficient method for community prevention of tooth decay are mixed. The Australian government states that water fluoridation is the most effective way to achieve fluoride exposure that is community-wide. The World Health Organization reports that water fluoridation, when feasible and culturally acceptable, has substantial advantages, especially for subgroups at high risk, while the European Commission finds no benefit to water fluoridation compared with topical use.\n\nPublic water fluoridation was first practiced in the U.S. As of 2012, 25 countries have artificial water fluoridation to varying degrees, 11 of them have more than 50% of their population drinking fluoridated water. A further 28 countries have water that is naturally fluoridated, though in many of them the fluoride is above the optimal level. As of 2012, about 435 million people worldwide received water fluoridated at the recommended level (i.e., about 5.4% of the global population). 56  About 214 million of them live in the United States. Major health organizations such as the World Health Organization and FDI World Dental Federation supported water fluoridation as safe and effective. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists water fluoridation as one of the ten great public health achievements of the 20th century in the U.S. Despite this, the practice is controversial as a public health measure. Some countries and communities have discontinued fluoridation, while others have expanded it. Opponents of the practice argue that neither the benefits nor the risks have been studied adequately, and debate the conflict between what might be considered mass medication and individual liberties.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Provide some of the examples of regional governments.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nFederalism is a combined and compound mode of government that combines a general government (the central or \"federal\" government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial, or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two. Federalism in the modern era was first adopted in the unions of states during the Old Swiss Confederacy.Federalism differs from confederalism, in which the general level of government is subordinate to the regional level, and from devolution within a unitary state, in which the regional level of government is subordinate to the general level. It represents the central form in the pathway of regional integration or separation, bounded on the less integrated side by confederalism and on the more integrated side by devolution within a unitary state.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "provincial, state, cantonal, territorial, or other sub-unit governments", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Lotus, Lincoln", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Lotus is British, Lincoln is American", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is the more popular name for the Londonderry Air", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Danny Boy", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given a reference text about Rraboshtë, tell me what the village is known for and what country it's in.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nRraboshtë is a village located in the former Kallmet municipality, Lezhë County, northwestern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Lezhë. The village is situated near the river Drin, about 4 km north of the city Lezhë. Nearby mountains include Mali Kastriot and Mali i Velës.\n\nIn Rraboshtë there is also a church named Te Ngjiturit e Zojës ne Qiell but also a school.\n\nRraboshta is divided into four main mahalla (\"quarter\" or \"neighbourhood\"), that of the Tatej, Pemaj, Ballije, and Mahalla e Poshtme. The majority of brotherhoods descend from Mirdita, the tribal and ethnographic region located to the east of Rraboshtë, with most having arrived from Orosh and Spaç. Examples include the Tatej (Spaçi) and Pemaj (Oroshi). However, there are other minor brotherhoods who trace their ancestry to some of the other regions of northern Albania. The Robi arrived from Dibra in north-eastern Albania while the descendants of Gjon Paloka (the Vokërr Pali) came from Kelmend in Malësia.\n\nThe villagers of Rraboshtë are known for their patriotism and for preserving the traditions and customs of the areas where they came from. The traditional dress is the kalmetore and mirditore dress. The inhabitants of this village are usually engaged in agriculture and livestock. They are famous for the production of grape varieties and the cultivation of this product.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Rraboshtë is located in Albania and is known for producing grape varieties.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is Methadone intermediate\n\nText: \"\"\"\nMethadone intermediate is a methadone precursor scheduled by UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. It is a Schedule II Narcotic controlled substance in the United States and has an ACSCN of 9254. The 2014 annual manufacturing quota was 32 875 kilos.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Methadone intermediate is a methadone precursor scheduled by UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are the 13 departments and main communities of France's administrative region of Occitania?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nGeography\nOccitania is the second-largest region in mainland France, covering an area of 72,724 km2 (28,079 sq mi); it has a population of 5,845,102 (2017). It has a Mediterranean coast on the southeast and is neighboured by Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur on the east, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes on the northeast and Nouvelle-Aquitaine on the west and northwest, as well as foreign borders of Andorra (Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Ordino) and Spain (Aragon and Catalonia) on the south.\n\nDepartments\nCode\tArms 1\tDepartment\tPrefecture\tNamed after\tPopulation (2017)\n09\tCoat of arms of department 09\tAriège\tFoix\tAriège River\t153,153\n11\tCoat of arms of department 11\tAude\tCarcassonne\tAude River\t370,260\n12\tCoat of arms of department 12\tAveyron\tRodez\tAveyron River\t279,206\n30\tCoat of arms of department 30\tGard\tNîmes\tGardon River\t744,178\n31\tCoat of arms of department 31\tHaute-Garonne\tToulouse\tGaronne River\t1,362,672\n32\tCoat of arms of department 32\tGers\tAuch\tGers River\t191,091\n34\tCoat of arms of department 34\tHérault\tMontpellier\tHérault River\t1,144,892\n46\tCoat of arms of department 46\tLot\tCahors\tLot River\t173,828\n48\tCoat of arms of department 48\tLozère\tMende\tMont Lozère\t76,601\n65\tCoat of arms of department 65\tHautes-Pyrénées\tTarbes\tPyrenees\t228,530\n66\tCoat of arms of department 66\tPyrénées-Orientales\tPerpignan\tPyrenees\t474,452\n81\tCoat of arms of department 81\tTarn\tAlbi\tTarn River\t387,890\n82\tCoat of arms of department 82\tTarn-et-Garonne\tMontauban\tTarn River and Garonne River\t258,349\nMajor communities\n\nToulouse, Occitania's prefecture and largest city\n\nThe Pont du Gard from the Roman Era, one of Occitanie's main landmarks and tourist attractions\nThe largest communes of Occitania are (population as of 2017:\n\nToulouse (479,553)\nMontpellier (285,121)\nNîmes (150,610)\nPerpignan (120,158)\nBéziers (77,177)\nMontauban (60,810)\nNarbonne (54,700)\nAlbi (50,759)\nCarcassonne (47,365)\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The 13 Departments of Occitania are:\n- Ariège\n- Aude\n- Aveyron\n- Gard\n- Haute-Garonne\n- Gers\n- Hérault\n- Lot\n- Lozère\n- Hautes-Pyrénées\n- Pyrénées-Orientales\n- Tarn\n- Tarn-et-Garonne\n\nThe main communities located within Occitania are:\n- Toulouse (population: 479,553)\n- Montpellier (population: 285,121)\n- Nîmes (population: 150,610)\n- Perpignan (population: 120,158)\n- Béziers (population: 77,177)\n- Montauban (population: 60,810)\n- Narbonne (population: 54,700)\n- Albi (population: 50,759)\n- Carcassonne (population: 47,365)", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Which of these are fruits and vegetables: apple, tomato, pear, peach, broccoli?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Of the ones listed, apple, pear and peach are fruits while broccoli is a vegetable. Tomatoes however, are botanically considered fruits while culinarily considered a vegetable.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Why are many plants green?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Many plants are green because of the use of a green pigment, chlorophyll, in the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process that a plant uses to use its stored energy and carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Chlorophyll’s role is to provide this energy by absorbing sunlight and turn that sunlight into energy. Chlorophyll is green as it absorbs all collards of white light except for green. This color is reflected back which gives chlorophyll a green appearance.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given this paragraph about the United States Marine Corps, tell me when it was created in which city?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore. In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare, advancing from island to island. As of 2022, the USMC has around 177,200 active duty members and some 32,400 personnel in reserve.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Marine Corps was established on the 10th of November in 1775 in Philadelphia, PA.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are the different types of loan or mortgage products for home buyers in the U.S.?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It is crucial to understand all your financing options when considering buying a new home. Some of the most common loan types for residential home buyers are listed below:\n\n1. Conventional Loans: The most common home loan type that is not insured or guaranteed by the government. While it typically requires 20% down payment, you can put as little as 5% down.\n2. VA Loans: This is offered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs for people who have served in the military as well as their spouses. It requires no down payment and is an amazing option for anyone who is eligible.\n3. FHA Loan: A mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration. First time home buyers find these loans very attractive due to the small down payment requirements of just 3.5% and the flexible credit requirements. Additionally there are children products to this loan vehicle including the FHA 203k loan which can help those purchasing distressed properties by funding the renovations, within certain predetermined guidelines.\n4. Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM): With this product, your interest rate varies over time depending on market and economic conditions. These seem attractive initially as they typically start with lower rates than fixed-rate mortgages but can increase over time.\n5. Fixed-Rate Mortgages: This interest rate is locked in at the start of the loan and starts the same throughout the entire term.\n7. USDA Loan: Guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and eligible to suburban and rural homebuyers. This loan product also doesn't require down payment and has lower mortgage insurance requirements than an FHA loan\n\nWhile these are the most common loan types, other options tend to appear from time to time. It is important to do your research and pick the product that best suits your individual needs and long-term financial goals. To help better understand these options many aspiring buyers reach out to local loan providers, real estate agents, and brokers.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Which swimming stroke is the hardest?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Butterfly is considered to be the hardest of all swimming strokes. It engages full body including arms, core muscles, legs and feet. In particular, it strongly depends on core strength and legs. In order to recover the arms over the water the swimmer needs to execute a strong dolphin kick, which lifts the chest and rest of the body. Swimming butterfly requires a lot of energy. Amateur swimmers who can swim long distances with freestyle, breastroke or backstroke typically can cover only a short distance with butterfly e.g. 25 or 50 meters.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Do pilots of civil aircraft know the exact weight of the aircraft prior to take-off?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "No, not the exact weight. They estimate the likely weight, with a margin for error, and on more modern aircraft (like the A330), onboard software will calculate the actual weight once airborne and then suggest the optimal angle of attack for the flight.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given this paragraph on Anton Chekhov, please tell me which playwrights he is most often grouped with?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAnton Pavlovich Chekhov (Russian: Антон Павлович Чехов[note 1], IPA: [ɐnˈton ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ ˈtɕexəf]; 29 January 1860[note 2] – 15 July 1904[note 3]) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics. Along with Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg, Chekhov is often referred to as one of the three seminal figures in the birth of early modernism in the theatre. Chekhov was a physician by profession. \"Medicine is my lawful wife\", he once said, \"and literature is my mistress.\"\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Chekhov is most often grouped with Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg as one of the three seminal figures of early modernist theater.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Which African country was formerly known as Abyssinia?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Ethiopia", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are some top things to do in Amsterdam?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1) Museums! Book these ASAP: Van Gogh and Rijksmuseum, Anne Frank Huis\n2) Book a canal tour or just grab one near Rijksmuseum. If you want something quieter and more adventurous, book an electric boat e.g. Mokumboot and go around the canals on your own.\n3) Grab a coffee from Rumbaba and walk around Jordaan in the morning. Find a good pastry shop (there are several!) and get the sights while you walk.\n4) Foodhallen ... expensive but cool place to get dinner\n5) Artis Zoo. A super cool zoo, plus you get to walk around De Plantage", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What type of jacket do grizzlies usually wear?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Grizzlies are bears typically found in North America. Bears are animals that are covered in fur and usually live in the woods. Because they are covered in fur and live in the woods, it is unnecessary for bears to wear jackets. To date, bears have not shown the capacity to be able to create cloth or sew jackets, so they would have to get them from humans. Humans are usually afraid of bears and are not likely to approach a bear with a jacket. Therefore bears usually do not wear jackets.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Pick the best starting five from all players in NBA history", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Comparing players from different time periods is challenging due to the vastly different styles of play and differences in the rules. However, no NBA all time team would be complete without Michael Jordan. The rest of my lineup would include Stephen Curry, Lebron James, Tim Duncan, and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are the big four accounting organizations as per the given passage? List the names in bulleted format.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nKPMG International Limited (or simply KPMG) is a multinational professional services network, and one of the Big Four accounting organizations, along Ernst & Young (EY), Deloitte, and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC). The name \"KPMG\" stands for \"Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler\". The initialism was chosen when KMG (Klynveld Main Goerdeler) merged with Peat Marwick in 1987.\n\nHeadquartered in Amstelveen, Netherlands, although incorporated in London, England, KPMG is a network of firms in 145 countries, with over 265,000 employees and has three lines of services: financial audit, tax, and advisory. Its tax and advisory services are further divided into various service groups. Over the past decade various parts of the firm's global network of affiliates have been involved in regulatory actions as well as lawsuits.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "KPMG International Limited\nErnst & Young\nDeloitte\nPricewaterhouseCoopers", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Tell me whether these animals are a canine or a feline: French Bulldog, Siamese Cat, Sharpei", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The french bulldog is a canine, the Siamese Cat is a feline and the Sharpei is a canine.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are the primary elements of Odissi dance?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The primary elements of Odissi dance are derived from the tribhanga posture. The tribhanga posture (three breaks) is unique to the Odissi classical dance style. Each break refers to the starting position of a body part. The first break is the head and neck. The second break is the waist, and the third break is the hip.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Based on the following passage make a list of 6 conventional dried fruits.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nDried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value and long shelf life.\nToday, dried fruit consumption is widespread. Nearly half of the dried fruits sold are raisins, followed by dates, prunes, figs, apricots, peaches, apples, and pears. These are referred to as \"conventional\" or \"traditional\" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in heated wind tunnel dryers. Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit.\nDried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. The specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. Raisins\n2. Dates\n3. Prunes \n4. Figs\n5. Apricots \n6. Peaches", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "According to this paragraph, what is UVA's overall ranking among national universities?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nU.S. News & World Report ranks UVA tied for 25th among national universities overall, 3rd among public universities and tied for 110th among global universities in its 2022 report, 8th best business program and 3rd best business management program.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "UVA tied for 25th among national universities.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What geographic area do Sephardic Jews originate from?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sephardic Judaism is rooted in the Iberian peninsula", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is the main cause of lightning?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Lightning happens when the negative charges (electrons) in the bottom of the cloud are attracted to the positive charges (protons) in the ground.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: foot, metre", "role": "user" }, { "content": "foot is imperial, metre is metric", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What plant do cats like to chew or sniff, which may give them a \"high\"?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Many cats enjoy chewing or sniffing fresh and dried catnip.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Name 5 possible fuel sources for a futuristic spaceship", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Ion fusion, hyper drive, flux capacitator, solar sails, alien venom", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Who won the March Madness Mens Basketball Tournament in 2022?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The University Kansas Jayhawks", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is the largest city in Oregon?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Portland", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Give a list of domestic animals can be turned to pets", "role": "user" }, { "content": "dogs cats rabbits parrots pegions etc", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Who are the longest running cast members on Saturday Night Live?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The longest running cast member on Saturday Night Live is Kenan Thompson. Kenan Thompson has starred in 20 seasons. Next, Darrel Hammon starred in 14 seasons. Seth Meyers appeared in 13 seasons.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Why do oceans have salt water but rivers have fresh water?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The water in rivers comes from rain. Rainwater does not have any salt in it. The river picks up a small amount of salt from the ground as it travels downhill. The salt enters the ocean at the river's mouth. The saltwater mixture becomes saltier as water evaporates.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "India's Last 10 Presidents", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Droupadi Murmu\nRam Nath Kovind\nPranab Mukherjee\nPratibha Devisingh Patil\nA. P. J. Abdul Kalam\nK. R. Narayanan\nShankar Dayal Sharma\nR. Venkataraman\nGiani Zail Singh\nNeelam Sanjiva Reddy", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Summarize what is the movie A Silence Voice about?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nA Silent Voice is a Japanese animated film about a boy who used to bully a deaf girl, but was then shunned himself for bullying her. Years later, they reconnect and he tries to atone for his past. The film touches upon many charged topics especially prevalent in Japanese high schools from bullying to disability to suicide and mental health.\n\nThe film covers elements of coming of age and psychological drama, dealing with themes of bullying, disability, forgiveness, mental health, suicide, and friendship of opposite sexes. It follows the story of a former bully turned social outcast, who decides to reconnect and befriend the deaf girl he had bullied years prior.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The film is about a boy who used to bully a deaf girl, but was then shunned himself for bullying her. Years later, they reconnect and he tries to atone for his past.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What was the The Treaty of Tordesillas?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIn 1383, John I of Castile, husband of Beatrice of Portugal and son-in-law of Ferdinand I of Portugal, claimed the throne of Portugal. A faction of petty noblemen and commoners, led by John of Aviz (later King John I of Portugal) and commanded by General Nuno Álvares Pereira defeated the Castilians in the Battle of Aljubarrota. With this battle, the House of Aviz became the ruling house of Portugal.\n\nThe new ruling dynasty would proceed to push Portugal to the limelight of European politics and culture, creating and sponsoring works of literature, like the Crónicas d'el Rei D. João I by Fernão Lopes, the first riding and hunting manual Livro da ensinança de bem cavalgar toda sela and O Leal Conselheiro both by King Edward of Portugal and the Portuguese translations of Cicero's De Oficiis and Seneca's De Beneficiis by the well traveled Prince Peter of Coimbra, as well as his magnum opus Tratado da Vertuosa Benfeytoria. In an effort of solidification and centralization of royal power the monarchs of this dynasty also ordered the compilation, organization and publication of the first three compilations of laws in Portugal: the Ordenações d'el Rei D. Duarte, which was never enforced; the Ordenações Afonsinas, whose application and enforcement was not uniform across the realm; and the Ordenações Manuelinas, which took advantage of the printing press to reach every corner of the kingdom. The Avis Dynasty also sponsored works of architecture like the Mosteiro da Batalha (literally, the Monastery of the Battle) and led to the creation of the manueline style of architecture in the 16th century.\n\nPortugal also spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King John I of Portugal, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering the Atlantic archipelagos the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde; explored the African coast; colonized selected areas of Africa; discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope; discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia; and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.\n\nIn 1415, Portugal acquired the first of its overseas colonies by conquering Ceuta, the first prosperous Islamic trade centre in North Africa. There followed the first discoveries in the Atlantic: Madeira and the Azores, which led to the first colonization movements.\n\nIn 1422, by decree of King John I, Portugal officially abandoned the previous dating system, the Era of Caesar, and adopted the Anno Domini system, therefore becoming the last catholic realm to do so.\n\n\nThroughout the 15th century, Portuguese explorers sailed the coast of Africa, establishing trading posts for several common types of tradable commodities at the time, ranging from gold to slaves, as they looked for a route to India and its spices, which were coveted in Europe.\n\nThe Treaty of Tordesillas, intended to resolve the dispute that had been created following the return of Christopher Columbus, was made by Pope Alexander VI, the mediator between Portugal and Spain. It was signed on 7 June 1494, and divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the two countries along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands (off the west coast of Africa).\n\n\nIn 1498, Vasco da Gama accomplished what Columbus set out to do and became the first European to reach India by sea, bringing economic prosperity to Portugal and its population of 1.7 million residents, and helping to start the Portuguese Renaissance. In 1500, the Portuguese explorer Gaspar Corte-Real reached what is now Canada and founded the town of Portugal Cove-St. Philip's, Newfoundland and Labrador, long before the French and English in the 17th century, and being just one of many Portuguese colonizations of the Americas.\n\nIn 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil and claimed it for Portugal. Ten years later, Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Goa in India, Muscat and Ormuz in the Persian Strait, and Malacca, now a state in Malaysia. Thus, the Portuguese empire held dominion over commerce in the Indian Ocean and South Atlantic. Portuguese sailors set out to reach Eastern Asia by sailing eastward from Europe, landing in such places as Taiwan, Japan, the island of Timor, and in the Moluccas.\n\nAlthough for a long period it was believed the Dutch were the first Europeans to arrive in Australia, there is also some evidence that the Portuguese may have discovered Australia in 1521. From 1519 to 1522, Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães) organized a Spanish expedition to the East Indies which resulted in the first circumnavigation of the globe. Magellan never made it back to Europe as he was killed by natives in the Philippines in 1521.\n\nThe Treaty of Zaragoza, signed on 22 April 1529 between Portugal and Spain, specified the anti-meridian to the line of demarcation specified in the Treaty of Tordesillas.\n\nAll these factors made Portugal one of the world's major economic, military, and political powers from the 15th century until the late 16th century.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "After Christopher Columbus returned, a dispute arose between Portugal and Spain, which Pope Alexander VI mediated for the Treaty of Tordesillas.\nAccording to this joint treaty, the newly discovered lands beyond Europe are divided between the two countries along a meridian located 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Tasmanian Tiger, Macaw", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Macaw is alive, Tasmanian Tiger is extinct.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Provide an example of using modern materials science to study archaeological artifacts\n\nText: \"\"\"\nUrsula Martius Franklin was a German-Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author, and educator who taught at the University of Toronto for more than 40 years. Franklin was a pioneer in the field of archaeometry, which applies modern materials analysis to archaeology. She worked for example, on the dating of prehistoric bronze, copper and ceramic artifacts. One small example of her work in this field regards what was a standing question on the nature of shiny black Chinese mirrors found in high quantities in ancient tombs. Franklin's use of microscopic etching, electron microprobe and x-ray fluorescence analyses produced evidence that what was thought by some to be a corrosive effect was in fact present in these ancient mirrors (and weapons) at their inception, in dark iron oxides intentionally added near the objects' surfaces. Franklin additionally pulled from historic and literary accounts of black mirrors in Chinese literature to support these findings. Franklin's expertise was also instrumental to dating glass; she guided a study on the remains of blue glass beads in North America remaining from early trade relationships between American Indian tribes and Europe\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Archaeometry employs modern technology (such as x-ray fluorescence) to study the origins and environments of historical artifacts. Ursula Franklin was well known in this field; she found evidence of global trade in the remains of glass beads and proved that black mirrors present in large quantities in ancient Chinese tombs were purposely crafted, and not the result of corrosion.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Carillon, Rebab", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Rebab is string, Carillon is percussion.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given a reference text about Valery Moiseevich Leibin, tell me where he is a member of an editorial board and when he died.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nValery Moiseevich Leibin (born 8 March 1942 in the village of Khmelyovka in Zuevskiy district of Kirov region in Russia) is a Russian psychoanalyst, Ph.D., head of the department of history and theory of psychoanalysis in Institute of Psychoanalysis, Professor of Moscow State Medical Stomatological University, an honorary Doctor of East European Institute of Psychoanalysis, an honorary member of the interregional public organization Russian Psychoanalytical Society, a member of the Academy of Pedagogical and Social Sciences, a chief scientist of Institute for Systems Analysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, a member of the editorial boards of the \"Russian Psychoanalytic Bulletin\" (since 1991), the philosophic psychoanalytic journal \"Archetype\" (since 1996), \"Psychoanalytic Review\" (since 1997) and \"Review of Psychoanalysis\" (since 2005). According to the rating given by \"Psychological newspaper\" Valery Leibin is in the top ten most prominent psychoanalysts in Russia.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Valery Moiseevich Leibin is still alive. He is a member of the following editorial boards:\n- \"Russian Psychoanalytic Bulletin\"\n- \"Archetype\"\n- \"Psychoanalytic Review\"\n- \"Review of Psychoanalysis\"", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "which weighs more, a pound of bricks or a pound of feathers?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Both things weigh the same amount, one pound.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Klong khaek, Sanshin", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sanshin is string, Klong khaek is percussion.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Who has been named as Kid of the year by Time Magazine?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Gitanjali Rao(Indian American)", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Please give me an example of this phenomenon that I can understand as a layman.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIn signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled. It also often refers to the distortion or artifact that results when a signal reconstructed from samples is different from the original continuous signal.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "An example of aliasing that easy to understand as a layman is the 'wagon wheel effect'. You've probably seen the wagon wheel effect when watching a movie or tv show and the wheels of a car appear to be spinning backwards even as the car moves forwards. This is an effect of aliasing. This occurs because the sampling rate of the film is not adequate to capture the frequency of the signal (the frequency that the tires are spinning forwards) and the signal becomes indistinguishable from another signal (a frequency of the tires spinning backwards). As an example of how this happens imagine that the camera's sampling rate allows it to record an image frame at about 90% of the frequency that the tires are spinning. That is, the tire is spinning fast enough that it rotates 90% around in between each picture the camera can take. In this case, the wheel will look like its rotated backwards by 10% of a rotation on each image. When you put these images together in a film, the tires will appear to be rotating backwards.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the boiling point of magnesium in celsius?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nElemental magnesium is a gray-white lightweight metal, two-thirds the density of aluminium. Magnesium has the lowest melting (923 K (650 °C)) and the lowest boiling point 1,363 K (1,090 °C) of all the alkaline earth metals.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The boiling point of magnesium is 1,090 °C.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Where do we find Asiatic lions in India?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Gujarat is the only state in India with a Lion population and Ghir national forest is home to many of the Asiatic lions. Lions were protected in India after Governments started establishing National reserve forests across the country.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Plan a 10-15 day trip from bay area to Arizona, Las Vegas, San Diego, Los Angeles", "role": "user" }, { "content": "If you are starting from the Bay area you can follow the following circuit for a fun road trip:\n- Day 1: Drive to LA. Rest for the night\n- Day 2: Spend in LA - Visit Hollywood bowl overlook, LA county museum, Universal Studios, Beverly Hill\n- Day 3:  Drive to San Diego. Spend time at Laguna Beach.\n- Day 4: Across days 3 and 4 plan to explore Pt Lomas, La Jolla, downtown San Diego, hotel Coronado, Japanese Garden, and old town (only after 7 pm)\n- Day 5: Drive to Joshua Tree.\n- Day 6: Spend at Joshua Tree. Do short hikes across the park, and visit the cholla cactus garden, hidden valley loop, skull rock, and arch rock. End day at Keys views for sunset. If it is a new moon night, spend the night time stargazing.\n- Day 7: Drive to Arizona. Visit Grand Canyon\n- Day 8: Spend the day at Sedona\n- Day 9: Drive from Grand Canyon to Page. Stay at Page for a night. Visit Lower Antelope Canyon, lake Powell. Visit Horse Shoe Bend\n- Day 10: Drive from Page to Las Vegas. Check out the Vegas Strip and visit all the fancy hotels. End the day with a show such as Cirque De Soleil or any other show going on in Vegas.\n- Day 11: Drive to Death Valley. Stop at all the points of interest such as  Mesquite Sand dunes, etc. Return back to Las Vegas for the night\n- Day 12: Drive back home (bay area, CA)\n\nYou can always add Utah after Arizona (Zion national park, Canyonlands, arches national park etc.) to extend the trip further to 15 full days.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Who is called Napoleon of Iran?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Nadir Shah", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What type of model is the Citroen C4 Cactus?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Citroën C4 Cactus is a subcompact crossover SUV, produced by French automaker Citroën in Spain between April 2014 and December 2017, with production of the second generation commencing in October 2017 (until May 2020 in Villaverde), with the final months of production being disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The C4 Cactus is considered a compact SUV, although it is based on the PSA PF1 platform that underpins the smaller Citroën C3 and DS3.\n\nA distinctive design feature is the \"AirBump\" panels on the car's sides, designed to protect the vehicle from damage in car parks. The Citroën Cactus Concept, presented at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show, previewed the production version. The C4 Cactus was presented at the 2014 Geneva Motor Show.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Citroen C4 Cactus is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Citroen, a French automaker.", "role": "assistant" } ]