messages
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[ { "content": "What type of poetry is Sappho best known for?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sappho is an ancient Greek poet best known for her lyric poetry.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is the meaning of Life, The Universe, and Everything?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "This topic has been discussed in debt by Theologians, philosophers, and scientists throughout the course of human history. While most observations about the universe leave the question unanswered the broad strokes are as follows.\n\nTheologians state in many religions that there is an organizing force known as God providing direction to the universe. Humans that best align with this organizing force or God are guaranteed good fortune in this life or after. There are variations in humans level of involvement in this process with Christianity requiring a savior (Jesus) for people to enter the afterlife vs achieving a higher state of consciousness in this life or through reincarnation.\n\nPhilosophers differ on the meaning of life with predominate views following down the lines of seeking your own fulfillment or the fulfillment of others. Seeking your own fulfillment has been a major component of capitalism, self-preservation, and risk taking that lead to new discoveries in Science and Technology. Seeking the fulfillment of others has lead to great advancements in philanthropy, equality, and the general well being of society. This \"social compact\" insures stability and provides an expectation that harmful activities like Murder, Robbery, etc are discouraged and punished.\n\nScientists view this question through the lens of the observable universe. As such efforts have been made to create a \"unifying theory of everything\" to show some understandable order to the universe. Others have focused their study on the improbability of how humans could have been created in a universe with seemingly random and infinite chance. Some scientists have conceded that the question is something Science is ill-fitted to answer.\n\nMost importantly Douglas Adams, a prominent British author specializing in absurdity, answered the question in the book \"The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy\" with the answer \"42.\"", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "What s epigenomics?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Epigenomics is the study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell, known as the epigenome. The field is analogous to genomics and proteomics, which are the study of the genome and proteome of a cell. Epigenetic modifications are reversible modifications on a cell's DNA or histones that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenomic maintenance is a continuous process and plays an important role in stability of eukaryotic genomes by taking part in crucial biological mechanisms like DNA repair. Plant flavones are said to be inhibiting epigenomic marks that cause cancers. Two of the most characterized epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation and histone modification. Epigenetic modifications play an important role in gene expression and regulation, and are involved in numerous cellular processes such as in differentiation/development and tumorigenesis. The study of epigenetics on a global level has been made possible only recently through the adaptation of genomic high-throughput assays.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Which is a species of fish? Boga or Bogata", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Boga", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "What is the best season to ski?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In northsphere, the best season to ski is in February.\nIndividual ski experiences are related to snow quality, wind factor, avalanche danger, terrain, and visibility. The snow quality differs a lot from different seasons. Deep and dry snow are good for ski experience instead of icy or wet snow.\nFebruary is considered the best season because the temperature is still low, and the snow has accumulated with enough depth.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Given this paragraph about Kevum, explain when it is typically consumed?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nKevum or Kavum is a deep-fried Sri Lankan sweet made from rice flour and kithul (sugar-palm) treacle, with a number of variants adding additional ingredients. It is also known as oil cake. Kevum is traditionally given and consumed during celebrations of Sinhala and Tamil New Year.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It's consumed usually for Sinahala and Tamil celebrations. Particularly, the New Year.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "What is a synapse notebook?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A synapse notebook is a technology built by Microsoft that takes advantage of spark pools. This is an environment that Data Scientists, Machine Learning Engineers, and Data Engineers can work in to build models, data engineering workflows, and neural networks to name a few. It is very similar to Jupyter notebook style. These notebooks environments enable code to be written in a modular format in different cells which can be executed independently of one another.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "List the basis of contemporary national legal systems from the passage. Display the results in comma separated format.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe contemporary national legal systems are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law or combinations of these. However, the legal system of each country is shaped by its unique history and so incorporates individual variations. The science that studies law at the level of legal systems is called comparative law.\n\nBoth civil (also known as Roman) and common law systems can be considered the most widespread in the world: civil law because it is the most widespread by landmass and by population overall, and common law because it is employed by the greatest number of people compared to any single civil law system.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law, comparative law", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Is Ted Yoho republican or democrat\n\nText: \"\"\"\nTheodore Scott Yoho (/ˈjoʊhoʊ/ YOH-hoh; born April 13, 1955) is an American politician, veterinarian, and businessman who served as the U.S. representative from Florida's 3rd congressional district from 2013 until 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party.\n\nIn the 2012 Republican primary election for the district, Yoho pulled a major upset against long-term incumbent Congressman Cliff Stearns, who had first been elected in 1988. Prior to being elected to Congress, Yoho had been a veterinarian and small business owner in North Central Florida for 30 years.\n\nIn December 2019, Yoho announced that, honoring his term-limit pledge, he would not run for re-election to Congress in 2020.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Theodore Scott Yoho is an American politician, veterinarian, and businessman who served as the U.S. representative from Florida's 3rd congressional district from 2013 until 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party.\n\nIn the 2012 Republican primary election for the district, Yoho pulled a major upset against long-term incumbent Congressman Cliff Stearns, who had first been elected in 1988. Prior to being elected to Congress, Yoho had been a veterinarian and small business owner in North Central Florida for 30 years.\n\nIn December 2019, Yoho announced that, honoring his term-limit pledge, he would not run for re-election to Congress in 2020.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "You have to Classify each of the following as either a gluten product or a gluten free product and display it according to their categories: sourdough bread, zucchini, barbecue sauce, hummus, amaranth, commercial chocolate milk", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Some people have a gluten intolerance or celiac disease, which means they must avoid gluten in their diet to prevent uncomfortable or harmful symptoms. Gluten-free products are made without these grains and can be a safe alternative for those with gluten intolerance or celiac disease. However, for those without a gluten intolerance or celiac disease, a gluten-free diet may not provide any additional health benefits. \n\nHere are the those products which are classified as gluten products from the provided list:\n1. sourdough bread \n2. barbecue sauce\n3. commercial chocolate milk\n\nHere are the those products which are classified as gluten free products from the list provided:\n1. zucchini\n2. hummus\n3. amaranth", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "What's the world looks like in 1000 years?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "I don't know the exact answer but one thing I do know is that human beings was extinct on the earth. Enjoy :)", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Using the text provided, give me the type of engineers that are involved in fabrication of a solar power plant\n\nText: \"\"\"\nSolar power plants derive their energy from sunlight, which is made accessible via photovoltaics (PV's). Photovoltaic panels, or solar panels, are constructed using photovoltaic cells which are made of silica materials that release electrons when they are warmed by the thermal energy of the sun. The new flow of electrons generates electricity within the cell. While PV's are an efficient method of producing electricity, they do burn out after a decade and thus, must be replaced; however, their efficiency, cost of operation, and lack of noise/physical pollutants make them one of the cleanest and least expensive forms of energy. Solar power plants require the work of many facets of engineering; electrical engineers are especially crucial in constructing the solar panels and connecting them into a grid, and computer engineers code the cells themselves so that electricity can be effectively and efficiently produced, and civil engineers play the very important role of identifying areas where solar plants are able to collect the most energy.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Although solar power plants require the work of many aspects of engineering, the three main types of engineers involved in fabrication of solar power plants are:\n1. Electrical engineers who build solar panels and link them to the electrical grid\n2. Computer engineers who program the cells themselves so that power can be produced effectively and efficiently\n3. Civil engineer who play a critical role in determining sites where the solar plants can capture the most energy.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "What is pleitropy?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Such a gene that exhibits multiple phenotypic expression is called a pleiotropic gene. Mutation in a pleiotropic gene may have an effect on several traits simultaneously, due to the gene coding for a product used by a myriad of cells or different targets that have the same signaling function.\n\nPleiotropy can arise from several distinct but potentially overlapping mechanisms, such as gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, and selectional pleiotropy. Gene pleiotropy occurs when a gene product interacts with multiple other proteins or catalyzes multiple reactions. Developmental pleiotropy occurs when mutations have multiple effects on the resulting phenotype. Selectional pleiotropy occurs when the resulting phenotype has many effects on fitness (depending on factors such as age and gender).\n\nAn example of pleiotropy is phenylketonuria, an inherited disorder that affects the level of phenylalanine, an amino acid that can be obtained from food, in the human body. Phenylketonuria causes this amino acid to increase in amount in the body, which can be very dangerous. The disease is caused by a defect in a single gene on chromosome 12 that codes for enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, that affects multiple systems, such as the nervous and integumentary system.\n\nPleiotropic gene action can limit the rate of multivariate evolution when natural selection, sexual selection or artificial selection on one trait favors one allele, while selection on other traits favors a different allele. Some gene evolution is harmful to an organism. Genetic correlations and responses to selection most often exemplify pleiotropy.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What are the two different continental tournaments that Roger Lemerre won ?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIn September 2002, the Tunisian Football Federation announced that it was finalizing a contract with former France manager Roger Lemerre. Tunisia hosted the 2004 African Cup of Nations, winning the group. They defeated Senegal in the quarter-finals, and Nigeria in the semi-finals. Tunisia built a 1–0 lead after four minutes with Mehdi Nafti's concentration pushed by Francileudo Santos, before Morocco levelled. Tunisia restored their lead, giving them their first African Cup of Nations title. They also won the CAF's African National Team of the Year award. Lemerre became the first manager to win two different continental tournaments, having previously won Euro 2000 with France.\n\nAs a result, Tunisia qualified for the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup in Germany, playing the hosts, Argentina and Australia. The only points they would win was a victory over Australia. Before their 2006 World Cup appearance, Lemerre took the Tunisians to a training camp in Switzerland, where they played international friendlies against Swiss clubs. Tunisia would only record one draw in Germany, against Saudi Arabia, losing against Spain and Ukraine\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Roger Lemerre won the Euro 2000 with France and the African Cup of Nations 2004 with Tunisia", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "What is a NBA super team?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "NBA superteam is a term coined in the past decade that involves various all stars deciding to team up to play for a particular organization. The super team only works if the organization has enough money to pay everyone - so often super stars will take a pay cut to play with fellow super stars. Some recent super teams, regardless of success, include Nets (Harden, Durant, Kyrie, even Simmons), Warriors (Durant, Curry, Green, Thompson), Heat (Bosh, Wade, Lebron).", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Anderson Peters (gold winner) hits the 90 metre mark with a throw of", "role": "user" }, { "content": "90.31m", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What language is easy to learn?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "English is usually considered as an easier language to learn than Chinese, Russian, Arabic and so on. The grammar has less exceptions, and the pronunciations are easy for people from different places in the world to pronounce. \n\nAlso, since English is widely used in today's world, you may naturally find more TV programs, commercials, films, classes etc. that could help you quickly learn English as well.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Can you write a High Five to a colleague for the partnership at a customer account and the hard work he did?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Thanks for always being there to help on customer account. I can't imagine how difficult our discussions would have been if we didn't have you.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Name some of the cast members of the movie Spiderman.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nSpider-Man is a 2002 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name. Directed by Sam Raimi from a screenplay by David Koepp, it is the first installment in Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy, and stars Tobey Maguire as the titular character, alongside Willem Dafoe, Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Cliff Robertson, and Rosemary Harris. The film chronicles Spider-Man's origin story and early superhero career. After being bitten by a genetically-altered spider, outcast teenager Peter Parker develops spider-like superhuman abilities and adopts a masked superhero identity to fight crime and injustice in New York City, facing the sinister Green Goblin (Dafoe) in the process.\n\nDevelopment on a live-action Spider-Man film began in the 1980s. Filmmakers Tobe Hooper, James Cameron, and Joseph Zito were all attached to direct the film at one point. However, the project would languish in development hell due to licensing and financial issues. After progress on the film stalled for nearly 25 years, it was licensed for a worldwide release by Columbia Pictures in 1999 after it acquired options from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) on all previous scripts developed by Cannon Films, Carolco, and New Cannon. Exercising its option on just two elements from the multi-script acquisition (a different screenplay was written by James Cameron, Ted Newsom, John Brancato, Barney Cohen, and Joseph Goldman), Sony hired Koepp to create a working screenplay (credited as Cameron's), and Koepp received sole credit in final billing. Directors Roland Emmerich, Ang Lee, Chris Columbus, Barry Sonnenfeld, Tim Burton, Michael Bay, Jan de Bont, M. Night Shyamalan, Tony Scott, and David Fincher were considered to direct the project before Raimi was hired as director in 2000. The Koepp script was rewritten by Scott Rosenberg during pre-production and received a dialogue polish from Alvin Sargent during production. Filming took place in Los Angeles and New York City from January to June 2001. Sony Pictures Imageworks handled the film's visual effects.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tobey Maguire, Willem Dafoe, Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Cliff Robertson, and Rosemary Harris.", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Output a table in CSV format of the games mentioned and how many points Ivey scored\n\nText: \"\"\"\nEarly in his freshman season, Ivey missed five games with a foot injury. On January 19, 2021, he made a game-winning three-pointer with five seconds left as part of a 15-point performance in a 67–65 win over Ohio State. On March 19, Ivey scored a season-high 26 points in a 78–69 overtime loss to North Texas at the first round of the NCAA tournament. As a freshman, he averaged 11.1 points and 3.3 rebounds per game, earning Big Ten All-Freshman Team honors.\n\nOn November 12, 2021, Ivey scored 27 points in a 92–67 win over Indiana State. On January 30, 2022, he scored 21 points and hit the game-winning three-pointer with 0.6 seconds remaining in an 81–78 win over Ohio State. As a sophomore, he averaged 17.3 points, 4.9 rebounds and 3.1 assists per game. Ivey was named to the First Team All-Big Ten as well as the All-American Second Team. On March 31, 2022, Ivey declared for the 2022 NBA draft, forgoing his remaining college eligibility. He was a projected top five pick in the draft.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Game Summary,Points Scored by Ivey\n67–65 win over Ohio State,15\n78–69 overtime loss to North Texas,26\n92–67 win over Indiana State,27\n81–78 win over Ohio State,21", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Which NFL teams have never gone to the Super Bowl?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Houston Texans, Jacksonville Jaguars", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is the best recipe for moonshine", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Take 5 gallons of water to 175 degree Fahrenheit, and once it reaches temperature turn off heat. Add seven and a half pounds of cracked corn or milled feed corn, and stir every 5 minutes until the temperature reaches 155 degrees. At that point add two and a half pounds of barley malt while stirring every 15 minutes. Wait until the temperature gets down to 75 degrees, and this may take a while, overnight in some cases. Once at or below 75 degrees add two tablespoons of brewers yeast and stir. Let sit for 3 weeks. Distill at this point and enjoy the results.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "How old was Octavia Butler when she died?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nOctavia Estelle Butler (June 22, 1947 – February 24, 2006) was an American science fiction author and a multiple recipient of the Hugo and Nebula awards. In 1995, Butler became the first science-fiction writer to receive a MacArthur Fellowship. Born in Pasadena, California, Butler was raised by her widowed mother. Extremely shy as a child, Butler found an outlet at the library reading fantasy, and in writing. She began writing science fiction as a teenager. She attended community college during the Black Power movement. While participating in a local writer's workshop, she was encouraged to attend the Clarion Workshop, then held in Pennsylvania, which focused on science fiction.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "At the time of her death in 2006, Octavia Butler was 58 years old.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Give me a list of the lines on the London Underground", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- Bakerloo\n- Central\n- Circle\n- District\n- Hammersmith & City\n- Jubilee\n- Metropolitan\n- Northern\n- Piccadilly\n- Victoria\n- Waterloo & City", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Which district is Lightwater in?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nLightwater is a village in the Surrey Heath district of Surrey, England, about 27 miles (43 km) southwest of central London. Immediately surrounding towns and villages include Bagshot, Deepcut, Windlesham, Camberley, and West End, Woking. It is bounded to the north-west by the M3 motorway and to the north-east by the \"Lightwater Bypass\" (A322). To the south-east it is bounded by the \"Red Road\" (B311), while to the south-west there are vehicle-testing tracks owned by the Ministry of Defence.\n\nThe village is adjacent to junction 3 of the M3 motorway. The nearest railway station is at Bagshot, on the line between Ascot and Aldershot. Lightwater is part of the civil parish of Windlesham, which has a population of 17,000 and also includes the neighbouring village of Bagshot.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Lightwater is in Surrey Heath district in Surrey. It is in the civil parish of Windlesham.", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "When was world war 2?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "World War 2 started in September 1939. France and Britain declared war on Germany. They did this after Hitler decided to invade Poland. World War 2 would last for 6 years, and no other war in history would take as many lives as World War 2 did. In December 1941 the United States would get involved in the second world war after Japan decided to bomb Pearl Harbor.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Who is Geling Yan?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Geling Yan is a Chinese-American author and was once a ballet dancer. Geling was born in Shanghai in 1958. She began performing as a ballet dancer at 12, and worked as a journalist in the Sino-Vietnamese War.\n\nYan's first husband was Kewei Li, son of writer Zhun Li. After divorcing Li, Yan later remarried Laurence A. Walker, a U.S. diplomat. They have an adopted daughter, Yanyan.\n\nIn 2011, Yimou Zhang adapted Yan's novel, The Flowers of War, into a hit movie. In 2014, her novel, The Prisoner Lu Yanshi, was adapted by Zhang into the movie Coming Home.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What species of fish are found in the Pamlico Sound?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Pamlico Sound has three primary species of fish: Red Drum, Southern Flounder and Spotted Seatrout. Depending on the time of year, different species will be more prevalent. Visit the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission website to learn more.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "How many of Farington's buildings are designated Grade 3?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nFarington is a civil parish in the South Ribble district of Lancashire, England. It contains seven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All of the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to \"buildings of national importance and special interest\". The parish is largely residential and contains the former villages of Farington and Farington Moss. The listed buildings comprise houses and associated structures, and a church.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "None of Farington's buildings are designated Grade 3. All of Farington's buildings are designated Grade II (Grade 2).", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Who wrote the children's novel Swallows and Amazons", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Arthur Ransom", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Tell me about NGC 7314\n\nText: \"\"\"\nNGC 7314 is a spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Piscis Austrinus. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on July 29, 1834. This is a nearby Seyfert (active) galaxy, located at a distance of approximately 54.6 megalight-years from the Milky Way. Since it appears to have detached spiral arm segments (either from dust lanes or bright star clusters), it was listed in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.\n\nWalter Scott Houston describes its appearance in small telescopes:\n\nDo not let its photographic magnitude of 11.6 scare you off, for it can be seen in a 6-inch telescope as a curiously fuzzy object. But it is small, appearing only 4' by 2'.\n\nThe morphological classification of this galaxy is SAB(rs)bc, indicating a spiral galaxy with a weak central bar (SAB), an incomplete ring structure around the bar (rs), and moderately–wound arms (bc). The plane of the galactic disk is inclined by 64° to the line of sight from the Earth, with the major axis aligned along a position angle of 178°. Within the galaxy's core is an active galactic nucleus tentatively classified as a type I Seyfert. The central supermassive black hole has a relatively low mass, estimated as (0.87±0.45)×106 M☉. The core is a source for X-ray emission that is seen to vary dramatically on time scales as low as hours.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "NGC 7314 is a spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Piscis Austrinus. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on July 29, 1834", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "Tell me which of these things are fruits or vegetables: Carrot, Apple, Orange, Potato, Peas, Broccoli, Pears", "role": "user" }, { "content": "From the list you provided: Carrot, Potato, Peas, and Broccoli are Vegetables. \n\nThe rest are fruits: Apples, Oranges and Pears.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Explain how a Justice is appointed to the US Supreme Court\n\nText: \"\"\"\nArticle II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution, known as the Appointments Clause, empowers the president to nominate and, with the confirmation (advice and consent) of the United States Senate, to appoint public officials, including justices of the Supreme Court. This clause is one example of the system of checks and balances inherent in the Constitution. The president has the plenary power to nominate, while the Senate possesses the plenary power to reject or confirm the nominee. The Constitution sets no qualifications for service as a justice, thus a president may nominate anyone to serve, and the Senate may not set any qualifications or otherwise limit who the president can choose.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The US President nominates a Supreme Court judge who subsequently has to be confirmed by the US Senate.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "Q: Am I at risk for serious complications from COVID-19 if I smoke cigarettes?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A: Yes. Data shows that when compared to never smokers, cigarette smoking increases the risk of more severe illness from COVID-19, which could result in hospitalization, the need for intensive care, or even death. Smoking cigarettes can cause inflammation and cell damage throughout the body, and can weaken your immune system, making it less able to fight off disease.\n\nThere’s never been a better time to quit smoking. If you need resources to help you quit smoking, the FDA has supportive tips and tools to help you get closer to quitting for good.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Identify from the following list characters from The X-Files who are bald or balding: Walter Skinner, John Fitzgerald Byers, Dana Scully, Melvin Frohike, Darius Michaud, Peter Watts, Conrad Strughold, Queequeg", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Walter Skinner, Melvin Frohike, Darius Michaud, Peter Watts, Conrad Strughold", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Who founded Amazon?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Jeff Bezos", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Where were the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights stored during World War II?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Fort Knox.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What type of physicist is Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nArup Kumar Raychaudhuri (born 1 January 1952) is an Indian condensed matter physicist, materials scientist and a Distinguished Emeritus Professor at the S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences. Known for his pioneering work on the interplay of disorder and interaction, Raychaudhuri is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies viz. Indian Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, India and Indian National Science Academy as well as the Asia-Pacific Academy of Materials. He is a recipient of a number of awards such as Millennium Medal of the Indian Science Congress, ICS Gold Medal of the Materials Research Society of India and FICCI Award. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 1994.[note 1]\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri is a condensed matter physicists.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "What are some good beginner songs to learn on guitar?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The following are good songs a beginner can learn on guitar:\n\n- Smoke on the Water by Deep Purple\n- Brown Eyed Girl by Van Morrison\n- Heart of Gold by Neil Young\n- Seven Nation Army by The White Stripes\n- What's Up? by 4 Non Blondes\n- Wild Thing by The Troggs\n- Wonderwall by Oasis", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What is the name of the flag carrier airline of the Netherlands?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The flag carrier airline of the Netherlands is KLM.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Write a short summary of the text below (max 20 words):\n\nFinland’s prime minister, Sanna Marin, has lost her battle to stay in power after her centre-left Social Democratic party (SDP) was narrowly beaten into third place in a cliffhanger election by its conservative and far-right rivals.\n\nWith 99.4% of votes counted on Sunday, the right-wing National Coalition party was on course to secure 20.7% of the vote, with the populist, nation-first Finns party predicted to score 20.1%. Marin’s SDP was forecast to collect 19.9%.\n\nMarin congratulated the election winners during her concession speech, but hailed an improvement in both her party’s vote share and its projected number of MPs. “It’s a really good achievement, even though I didn’t finish first today,” she told supporters in Helsinki.\n\n“Democracy has spoken, the Finnish people have cast their vote, and the celebration of democracy is always a wonderful thing,” she added. “We have good reason to be happy about this result.”", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sanna Marin, Finland's prime minister, will no longer stay into power as her party lost the election last Sunday.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Which word is different from the rest: cap, turban, veil, hat", "role": "user" }, { "content": "All except veil covers the head, while veil covers the face", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Is the recording of a person's last words reliable?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nA person's last words, their final articulated words stated prior to death or as death approaches, are often recorded because of the decedent's fame, but sometimes because of interest in the statement itself. (People dying of illness are frequently inarticulate at the end, and in such cases their actual last utterances may not be recorded or considered very important.) Last words may be recorded accurately, or, for a variety of reasons, may not. Reasons can include simple error or deliberate intent. Even if reported wrongly, putative last words can constitute an important part of the perceived historical records or demonstration of cultural attitudes toward death at the time.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sometimes it is, while other times it may contain errors or deliberately misquoted.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "What professions are likely to be pursued in Houston?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe arrival of the 20th century brought a convergence of economic factors that fueled rapid growth in Houston, including a burgeoning port and railroad industry, the decline of Galveston as Texas's primary port following a devastating 1900 hurricane, the subsequent construction of the Houston Ship Channel, and the Texas oil boom. In the mid-20th century, Houston's economy diversified, as it became home to the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, home to the Mission Control Center.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Houston appears to be a good place to be a doctor, aerospace engineer, or researcher. In the past it may have been a hotbed for workers in the oil or transportation industries.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "What is a NFT?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A non-fungible token (NFT) is a unique digital identifier that cannot be copied, substituted, or subdivided, that is recorded in a blockchain, and that is used to certify ownership and authenticity. The ownership of an NFT is recorded in the blockchain and can be transferred by the owner, allowing NFTs to be sold and traded. NFTs can be created by anybody, and require few or no coding skills to create. NFTs typically contain references to digital files such as photos, videos, and audio. Because NFTs are uniquely identifiable assets, they differ from cryptocurrencies, which are fungible.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Classify the following list into mammals and non-mammals: dog, human, ant, bird, cat, dolphin, pig, cow, shrimp, coral, shark, honeybee, capybara", "role": "user" }, { "content": "mammals: dog, human, cat, dolphin, pig, cow, capybara\nnon-mammals: ant, bird, shrimp, coral, shark, honeybee", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "What is contemporary style of dance?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Contemporary style lets the dancer move in a way that expresses their full emotions. Through elements of jazz, lyrical, ballet and modern dance styles creates the new generation of movement.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "What are some fun activities to do in Charlotte, NC?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Charlotte is the most-visited city in the state, attracting 28.3 million visitors in 2018. Fun area attractions include Carolina Panthers NFL football team and Charlotte Hornets basketball team, Carowinds amusement park, Charlotte Motor Speedway, U.S. National Whitewater Center, Discovery Place, Great Wolf Lodge, Sea Life Aquarium, Bechtler Museum of Modern Art, Billy Graham Library, Carolinas Aviation Museum, Harvey B. Gantt Center for African-American Arts + Culture, Levine Museum of the New South, McColl Center for Art + Innovation, Mint Museum, and the NASCAR Hall of Fame.", "role": "assistant" } ]
creative_writing
[ { "content": "What is the Tau Circle Constant?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tau is defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its radius. Some 21st century mathematicians and physicists believe Tau is a better choice than Pi for use in science and mathematics.\n\nLike Pi, Tau is an irrational and transcendental number. In decimal form, the value of Tau is 6.283185…\n\nPart of the motivation for Tau is the observation that the number 2*Pi or 2π occurs with surprising frequency throughout science and mathematics. This raises the question of whether Pi is really an important number or something equal to two times Pi is actually more important. Perhaps the implication is that Pi is exactly one half of some very important number!\n\nFurther consideration of the question leads to several compelling observations:\n\n\t- Using C/r as the key circle constant is better aligned with the way we define a circle: the set of all points a fixed distance (r) form a give point.\n\t- Radian angle measurements of fraction of a circle make much more sense when Tau is used as the base constant. Using Pi, on quarter of a circle is Pi is Pi/2, one half is Pi, and the angle of a a full circle is 2*Pi. With Tau, the angle measures are intuitively aligned to the fraction of a circle: a quarter circle is Tau/4, a half circle is Tau/2 and the angle of a full circle is Tau. \n\t- Similarly, the radian zeroes, max, and min of the sin and cosine functions align to fractions of Tau in an intuitive fashion that aids, rather than confuses, understanding.\n\t- Key formulas that traditionally use Pi actually show more clear mathematical meaning when expressed using Tau. For example, the area of a circle itself, when expressed with Tau, shows the same pattern of quadratic forms in distance fallen, spring energy, and kinetic energy.\n\t- Similarly, the tau-based formula for circular area actually confirms to the original proof by Archimedes showing that area of a circle equals the area of a triangle with base C (circumference) and height r (radius): A = 1/2 b*h = 1/2 C*r = 1/2 (Tau*r)*r = 1/2 Tau*r^2.\n\n\nTau has seen significant adoption since it was originally proposed. \n\nThe relationship between Tau and Pi is very simple. Tau = 2*Pi. Perhaps just as informative is the fact that Tau > Pi.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "What is Original Joe's restaurant and where are they located?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nOriginal Joe's is a duo of restaurants in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco and the Westlake neighborhood of Daly City. They serve a wide variety of foods, mostly Italian-American cuisine with some mainstream American favorites. Their \"signature\" dishes include Joe's Special, Chicken Parmigiana, the Joe's Famous Hamburger Sandwich and a variety of steaks and chops.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Original Joe's is a duo of restaurants in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco and the Westlake neighborhood of Daly City.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "How many football national championships has the University of Georgia won?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The University of Georgia has won the football national championship four times - in 1942, 1980, 2021, and 2022.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Who invented Calculus?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invented the foundations of Calculus at around the same time.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Give me a summary about the company Nobo\n\nText: \"\"\"\nNobo is a manufacturing company in Norway. It started as NOrsk BOttefabrikk (the Norwegian Bucket Factory) in Lade, Trondheim in 1918 - the name Nobo is a contraction of the original title. The factory originally produced only buckets, but later made several sheet iron products as well. It now manufactures desks, electric wall heaters and filing cabinets. The company developed and a new factory was built in Stjordal. Nobo then produced electric heating accessories only, which it is still doing today.\n\nIn the 1990s the original Nobø factory was closed down and the area is now a housing estate of about 220 houses and flats, called Ingemann Torps Street or Nobø-tomta (Nobø-field). The area was planned by Heimdal Utbyggingsselskap and Pir II Architects.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Nobo is a manufacturing company in Norway. It started as NOrsk BOttefabrikk (the Norwegian Bucket Factory) in Lade, Trondheim in 1918 - the name Nobo is a contraction of the original title. The factory originally produced only buckets, but later made several sheet iron products as well. It now manufactures desks, electric wall heaters and filing cabinets. The company developed and a new factory was built in Stjordal. Nobo then produced electric heating accessories only, which it is still doing today.\n\nIn the 1990s the original Nobo factory was closed down and the area is now a housing estate of about 220 houses and flats, called Ingemann Torps Street or Nobo-tomta (Nobo-field). The area was planned by Heimdal Utbyggingsselskap and Pir II Architects.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "What are the top three most popular collectible cardgames?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. Magic: The Gathering\n2. Pokemon\n3. Yu-Gi-Oh!", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Based on the text, what is the next superpower country?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nCurrently, only the United States fulfills the criteria to be considered a superpower. However, the United States is no longer the only uncontested foremost superpower and the world's sole hyperpower to dominate in every domain (i.e. military, culture, economy, technology, diplomatic).\n\nSince the 1990s, China, the European Union, India, and Russia have been commonly described as potential superpowers. Japan was formerly considered a potential superpower due to its high economic growth. However, its status as a potential superpower has eroded since the 1990s due to an aging population and economic stagnation.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Given the text is difficult to tell what is the next superpower country, but the text mentions China, the European Union, India and Russia as potential candidates.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "who is Walt Strony\n\nText: \"\"\"\nWalt Strony (born 1955) is an American recording, consulting and performing organist and organ teacher, both on the theatre organ and traditional pipe organ, ranging from pizza parlors to churches and theatres to symphony orchestras.\n\nBiography\nStrony’s classical organ studies were with Herbert L. White of the Sherwood Conservatory of Music Columbia College Chicago and Karel Paukert at Northwestern University. His theatre organ teacher was Al Melgard, famous as the Staff Organist on the Barton organ at the Chicago Stadium. When Melgard retired in 1975 he gave Strony his Oak Park, IL teaching studio. Strony later studied piano with Giulio Favrio of the Lyric Opera of Chicago.\n\nHe made his public debut as an organist in 1974, aged 18. During his college years he began playing the theatre organ in pizza parlors, a fad in the 1970s which gave new life to a largely forgotten instrument. For many years thereafter he was Artist-in-Residence at First Christian Church in Las Vegas, Nevada.\n\nStrony has studied with silent-film accompanists and has accompanied silent films for years, such as The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) and Nosferatu at the Plaza Theatre (El Paso).\n\nPerformances\nHe has performed in the United States, toured extensively in Australia (1978), England (1989), Japan (Expo ‘75 & 2011), and Canada (1999), and he is a regular performer at conventions of the American Theatre Organ Society. In 2012 he played his 39th ATOS convention, more than any other organist. He played there again in 2008. He has also performed for the American Guild of Organists on both local and national levels.\n\nHe has performed on numerous classical instruments as well, most notably having been featured in June 2009 at Macy's in Philadelphia (formerly Wanamaker’s) playing the largest operating pipe organ in the world. He has also recorded on the world’s largest theatre organ at the Sanfillipo Music Room in Barrington, IL.\n\nIn addition to solo concerts, he has performed with several symphony orchestras. In El Paso he played music including Symphony No. 3 (Organ) of Camille Saint-Saëns. He played at the Calgary International Organ Festival with the Calgary Philharmonic. Additionally, he has performed with the Allentown Symphony and Symphony Silicon Valley. While in college he performed the Poulenc Organ Concerto with the Chicago Businessman’s Orchestra.\n\nAwards\nIn 1991 and 1993 the American Theatre Organ Society selected him as \"Organist of the Year.\" He is the only living organist to have received this award twice. In 2011 he was inducted into the American Theatre Organ Society Hall of Fame.\n\nIn the spring of 2008, and in celebration of his career, the Allen Organ Company developed the Walt Strony Signature Model - the STR-4 - which is a four-manual instrument. Strony designed the stoplist and chose all the samples from their extensive library based upon his experience as an organist and tonal consultant.\n\nOther work\nHis book The Secrets of Theatre Organ Registration (1991) was the first book to be written about this subject. According to the New York Times, this is \"what many theater organists consider the definitive guide\" to Wurlitzers. TheatreOrgans.com calls it \"The hands down best book ever written on the subject of Theater Organ registration. Get a copy of this if you can, it is worth its weight in gold.\"\n\nIn addition to musical performance, he works as an organ consultant, most notably for instruments built by the Allen Organ Company. In collaboration with Allen Organs and the ATOS, he and four other artists recorded a five-DVD instructional video entitled “The Art of Playing Theatre Organ”.\n\nDiscography\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Walt Strony (born 1955) is an American recording, consulting and performing organist and organ teacher on the theatre and traditional pipe organ, ranging from pizza parlours to churches and theatres to symphony orchestras. His theatre organ teacher was Al Melgard, famous as the Staff Organist on the Barton organ at the Chicago Stadium. When Melgard retired in 1975, he gave Strony his Oak Park, IL, teaching studio. He made his public debut as an organist in 1974, aged 18. During college, he began playing the theatre organ in pizza parlours, a fad in the 1970s that gave new life to a largely forgotten instrument. Strony has studied with silent-film accompanists and has accompanied silent films for years, such as The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) and Nosferatu at the Plaza Theatre (El Paso). He has performed in the United States, toured extensively in Australia (1978), England (1989), Japan (Expo '75 & 2011), and Canada (1999), and he is a regular performer at conventions of the American Theatre Organ Society. In 2012 he played his 39th ATOS convention, more than any other organist. He played there again in 2008. He has also performed for the American Guild of Organists locally and nationally. He has performed on numerous classical instruments as well, most notably having been featured in June 2009 at Macy's in Philadelphia (formerly Wanamaker's), playing the largest operating pipe organ in the world. He has also recorded on the world's largest theatre organ at the Sanfillipo Music Room in Barrington, IL. In El Paso, he played music, including Symphony No. 3 (Organ) of Camille Saint-Saëns. He played at the Calgary International Organ Festival with the Calgary Philharmonic. Additionally, he has performed with the Allentown Symphony and Symphony Silicon Valley. While in college, he performed the Poulenc Organ Concerto with the Chicago Businessman's Orchestra. In 1991 and 1993, the American Theatre Organ Society selected him as \"Organist of the Year.\" He is the only living organist to have received this award twice. In 2011 he was inducted into the American Theatre Organ Society Hall of Fame. In the spring of 2008, and celebrating his career, the Allen Organ Company developed the Walt Strony Signature Model - the STR-4 - a four-manual instrument. His book The Secrets of Theatre Organ Registration (1991) was the first book to be written about this subject. In addition to musical performance, he works as an organ consultant, most notably for instruments built by the Allen Organ Company. In collaboration with Allen Organs and the ATOS, he and four other artists recorded a five-DVD instructional video entitled \"The Art of Playing Theatre Organ\".", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Extract key reported metrics and their values along with the year the metric is reported from the given text in the format {Metric} - {Year} - {value} and show them as a list\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIndian Railways (IR) is a statutory body under the ownership of the Ministry of Railways, Government of India that operates India's national railway system. It manages the fourth largest national railway system in the world by size, with a total route length of 68,043 km (42,280 mi), running track length of 102,831 km (63,896 mi) and track length of 128,305 km (79,725 mi) as of 31 March 2022. 50,394 km (31,313 mi) of all the gauge routes are electrified with 25 kV 50 Hz AC electric traction as of 1 April 2022.\n\nIn 2020, Indian Railways carried 808.6 crore (8.086 billion) passengers and in 2022, Railways transported 1418.1 million tonnes of freight. It runs 13,169 passenger trains daily, on both long-distance and suburban routes, covering 7,325 stations across India. Mail or Express trains, the most common types of trains, run at an average speed of 50.6 km/h (31.4 mph).\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Passengers - 2020 - 808.6 crore \nTonnes of Freight - 2022 - 1418.1 million tonnes\nTotal Passenger Trains - 2022 - 13,169 \nTotal Route Length - Year - 68,043 km\nRunning Track Length - 2022 - 102,831 km\nTrack Length - 2022 - 50,394 km\nElectrified Gauge Route - 2022 - 50,394 km\nAverage Speed - - 31.4 mph", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Tell me whether these pokemon are electric or grass type: Pikachu, Bulbasaur, Zapdos, Voltorb, Oddish, Bellsprout", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Pikachu: Electric\nBulbasaur: Grass\nZapdos: Electric\nVoltorb: Electric\nOddish: Grass\nBellsprout: Grass", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Which Taylor Jenkins Reid books have been made into a production (movie or TV)?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "One True Loves is being made into a movie. Daisy Jones & The Six just came out on Amazon Video as a television adaptation. The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo is being made into a movie. Malibu Rising is being made into a television adaptation.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Pellet drum, Rajao", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Rajao is string, Pellet drum is percussion", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Give me a bulleted list of Aaron Fenster's accomplishments.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAaron Fenster is a medical physicist at the University of Western Ontario Robarts Research Institute in London, Ontario, Canada. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for his contributions to medical imaging and three-dimensional ultrasound-guided interventions. He is also a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences and co-program director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Imaging Program. He holds Ph.D. from the University of Toronto and received further training at the Ontario Cancer Institute.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- Medical physicist at the University of Western Ontario Robarts Research Institute.\n- Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).\n- Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. \n- Co-program director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Imaging Program. \n- Completed a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto.", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "How is Robert Lugn's leadership characterized?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nLugn was promoted to lieutenant in 1950 and attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College in from 1955 to 1957 and conducted military studies in Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands in 1956. He became captain of the General Staff Corps in 1960 and was appointed section chief in the Organisation Department of the Army Staff. Lugn conducted military studies in Norway in 1961.\n\nIn 1965, Lugn served in the Swedish Battalion in Cyprus, part of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) and in 1966 he was promoted to major of the General Staff Corps. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the General Staff Corps in 1968 and served in Göta Life Guards (P 1) in 1970. In 1972, Lugn was promoted to colonel of the General Staff Corps and appointed section chief in the Army Staff. From 1975 to 1977, he served as acting regimental commander of Hälsinge Regiment (I 14) and Gävleborg Defence District (Gävleborgs försvarsområde, Fo 49) when he was promoted to senior colonel and was appointed Chief of Staff of the Western Military District. Lugn was promoted to major general and appointed Chief of the Army Staff and Chief of the General Staff Corps in 1979.\n\nAs Chief of the Army Staff, he led the difficult balancing work between quality and quantity in the conscript army within the given financial framework. His written instructions to the staff were marked by a good pen. They expressed his enduring interest in quality in the army's war organization. Lugn's interaction with the staff members was characterized by consideration pairing with great humor. His laid-back leadership style created a good atmosphere that eased employees' sometimes heavy workload. Lugn then served as Chief of Home Guard from 1 October 1983.\n\nAs Chief of Home Guard, Lugn made radical changes to the Home Guard. He got the servicemen to accept that they belonged to an army unit and introduced military training to all servicemen. It was revolutionary for the Home Guard, which until then admittedly received weapons training but very little unit training. Now the servicemen were trained in groups and also in working platoons and the training included all the elements that a soldier needs to be able to have. He also made sure that the platoons got heavier weapons such as machine guns and recoilless rifles. Lugn also took hold of the higher education of the commander and introduced a higher education of circuit Home Guard commanders, which led to competence as battalion commander. Lugn served as Chief of Home Guard until his retirement on 1 March 1988.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Major General Per Erick Robert Lugn leadership carried a laid back leadership style that ultimately created a good atmosphere, specially easing the workload of the staff members.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "which country surrounds India?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "India shares borders with many countries like China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Burma. India is also surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "From the passage find the major production areas where Avocado is cultivated. Display the results in comma separated format.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe avocado (Persea americana) is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated by Mesoamerican tribes more than 5,000 years ago. Then as now it was prized for its large and unusually oily fruit. The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and Guatemala. Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an alligator or avocado pear, is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed. Avocado trees are partly self-pollinating, and are often propagated through grafting to maintain consistent fruit output. Avocados are presently cultivated in the tropical and Mediterranean climates of many countries. Mexico is the world's leading producer of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the global harvest in that year.\n\nThe fruit of domestic varieties have smooth, buttery, golden-green flesh when ripe. Depending on the cultivar, avocados have green, brown, purplish, or black skin, and may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. For commercial purposes the fruits are picked while unripe and ripened after harvesting. The nutrient density and extremely high fat content of avocado flesh are useful to a variety of cuisines and are often eaten to enrich vegetarian diets.\n\nIn major production regions like Chile, Mexico and California the water demands of avocado farms place strain on local sources. Avocado production is also implicated in other externalities, including deforestation and human rights concerns associated with the partial control of their production in Mexico by organized crime. Global warming is expected to result in significant changes to the suitable growing zones for avocados, and place additional pressures on the locales in which they are produced due to heat waves and drought.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Chile, Mexico, California", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "During which year Emperor Shapur II learned to play polo?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe game's English name derives from the Balti language, from its word for 'ball', polo. It is cognate with the Standard Tibetan pulu, also meaning 'ball'.\n\nAlthough the exact origins of the game are not certain, many scholars suggest it most likely began as a simple game played by Iranic and Turkic equestrian nomads in Central Asia. An archaic variation of polo, regionally referred to as buzkashi or kokpar, is still played in parts of Central Asia. It was developed and formalised in Ancient Iran (Persia) as \"chovgan\" (čowgān), becoming a national sport played extensively by the nobility. Women played as well as men. During the period of the Parthian Empire (247 BC to 224 AD), the sport had great patronage under the kings and noblemen. According to The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, the Persian ball game was an important pastime in the court of the Sasanian Empire (224–651). It was also part of the royal education for the Sasanian ruling class. Emperor Shapur II learnt to play polo at age seven in 316 AD.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "316 AD", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Extract the various manufacturers and suppliers of the Tomahawk missile and separate them by comma\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Tomahawk (/ˈtɒməhɔːk/) Land Attack Missile (TLAM) is a long-range, all-weather, jet-powered, subsonic cruise missile that is primarily used by the United States Navy and Royal Navy in ship and submarine-based land-attack operations.\n\nUnder contract from the U.S. Navy, the Tomahawk was designed at the APL/JHU in a project led by James Walker near Laurel, Maryland, and was first manufactured by General Dynamics in the 1970s. It was intended to fill the role of a medium- to long-range, low-altitude missile that could be launched from a naval surface warfare platform, and featured a modular design accommodating a wide variety of warhead, guidance, and range capabilities. At least six variants and multiple upgraded versions of the TLAM have been added since the original design was introduced, including air-, sub-, and ground-launched variants with conventional and nuclear armaments. In 1992–1994, McDonnell Douglas Corporation was the sole supplier of Tomahawk Missiles and produced Block II and Block III Tomahawk missiles and remanufactured many Tomahawks to Block III specifications. In 1994, Hughes outbid McDonnell Douglas Aerospace to become the sole supplier of Tomahawk missiles. By 2019, the only variants in service were non-nuclear, sea-launched variants manufactured by Raytheon. In 2016, the U.S. Department of Defense purchased 149 Tomahawk Block IV missiles for $202.3 million.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "General Dynamics, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, Hughes, Raytheon", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Where is the best place to vacation in the Bahamas?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Harbour Island is a small island in the Bahamas, accessible via the airport at North Eleuthera. Flights leave Miami, Fort Lauderdale or Nassau, several times daily. From Florida, Harbour Island is a 45min paddle jumper flight to North Eleuthera and then a 10 minute speed boat. \nHarbour Island has 8 hotels, Coral Sands, Pink Sands, Ramora Bay, Valentines, The Rockhouse, and The Dunmore. The Landing. All are boutique hotels. Coral Sands is about 90 rooms and the largest. There are no cars allowed in Harbour Island. Everyone travels by golf cart. Restaurants are great on the Island, and no visit is complete without a visit to Daddy D's nightclub.", "role": "assistant" } ]
creative_writing
[ { "content": "What do economists do?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Economists study a diverse range of social issues whose outcomes are driven by the choices of individuals under resource constraints and limited information. There are various subfields in economics:\n\n- Microeconomists study the supply and demand decision of individuals and firms, such as how profits can be maximized and how much of a good or service consumers will demand at a certain price. \n- Industrial/Organizational Economists study the market structure of particular industries in terms of the number of competitors, and the market decisions of competitive firms and monopolies. These economists may also be concerned with antitrust policy and its impact on market structure.\n- Macroeconomists study historical trends in the whole economy and forecast future trends in areas such as unemployment, inflation, economic growth, productivity, and investment. \nFinancial Economists study the money and banking system and the effects of rising interest rates. \n- Public Finance Economists primarily are involved in studying the role of the government in the economy and the effects of tax cuts, budget deficits, and welfare policies.\nInternational Economists study international financial markets, exchange rates, and the effects of various trade policies such as tariffs.\n- Labor Economists study the supply and demand for labor and the determination of wages. These economists also try to explain the reasons for unemployment, and the effects on labor markets of changing demographic trends such as an aging population and increasing immigration. \n- Econometricians are involved in all areas of economics and use mathematical techniques such as calculus, game theory, and regression analysis to formulate economic models. These models help to explain economic relationships and are used to develop forecasts related to the nature and length of business cycles, the effects of a specific rate of inflation on the economy, the effects of tax legislation on unemployment levels, and other economic phenomena. Many economists have applied these fundamental areas of economics to more narrow areas with specific applications such as health, education, agriculture, urban and regional economics, law, history, energy, and the environment. \n\nEconomists may work in Business, Finance Government and Academia.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Classify each of the following as either a drink or a food: apple juice, cake, hamburger, carrot, orange juice, soda.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "apple juice is a drink\ncake is a food\nhamburger is a food\ncarrot is a food\norange juice is a drink\nsoda is a drink", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Why do cats purr?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIn domestic cats, many signals that occur when interacting with humans seem to originate from when the animal was dependent on the mother. Cats have been observed to purr for most of their lifespan, starting from when they were young and suckling from their mother. Purring may have developed as an evolutionary advantage as a signaling mechanism of reassurance between mother cats and nursing kittens. Post-nursing cats often purr as a sign of contentment: when being petted, becoming relaxed, or eating. Some purring may be a signal to another animal that the purring cat does not pose a threat.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Cats purr for a variety of reasons. Purring can be a sign of contentment or comfort, for example when being pet, while relaxing or eating. It is thought that purring may have developed as an evolutionary trait signaling reassurance between the mother cat and its nursing kittens.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "What style of music is played in the World of Warcraft game?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAlmost all of the music in World of Warcraft is orchestral, with a wide variety of classical and folk instruments in harmony, often playing widely transformative, non-repetitive melodies. While the player is in game, music is usually playing from a set of tracks composed to match the mood of the type of environment your character is in such as \"mountain\", \"forest\", \"plains\", \"jungle\", et cetera; while some individual zones and cities such as Elwynn Forest and Thunder Bluff are given their own set of tracks. Some environments play different music depending on the time of day you are in them.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Most of the music in World of Warcraft is orchestral, with a variety of classical and folk instruments in harmony.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "What are close cities to Legonice?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nŁęgonice [wɛnɡɔˈnit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, 36 km (22 mi) south-west of Grójec, and 74 km (46 mi) south-west of Warsaw.\n\nThe village has a population of 440.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Close cities to Legonice are Nowe Miasto nad Pilica, Grojec, and Warsaw.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "Based on this paragraph when was the last time we sent them to space?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nTardigrades are the first known animal to survive after exposure to outer space. In September 2007, dehydrated tardigrades were taken into low Earth orbit on the FOTON-M3 mission carrying the BIOPAN astrobiology payload. For 10 days, groups of tardigrades, some of them previously dehydrated, some of them not, were exposed to the hard vacuum of outer space, or vacuum and solar UV radiation. Back on Earth, more than 68% of the subjects protected from solar UV radiation were reanimated within 30 minutes following rehydration, although subsequent mortality was high; many of these produced viable embryos. In contrast, hydrated samples exposed to the combined effect of vacuum and full solar UV radiation had significantly reduced survival, with only three subjects of Milnesium tardigradum surviving. Also, it was found that the space vacuum did not have a significant effect on egg-laying in either R. coronifer or M. tardigradum. However, M. tardigradum exposed to UV radiation had a lower egg laying rate. In May 2011, Italian scientists sent tardigrades on board the International Space Station along with extremophiles on STS-134, the final flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour. Their conclusion was that microgravity and cosmic radiation \"did not significantly affect survival of tardigrades in flight, and stated that tardigrades represent a useful animal for space research.\" In November 2011, they were among the organisms to be sent by the U.S.-based Planetary Society on the Russian Fobos-Grunt mission's Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment to Phobos; however, the launch failed. In August 2019, scientists reported that a capsule containing tardigrades in a cryptobiotic state may have survived for a while on the Moon after the April 2019 crash landing of Beresheet, a failed Israeli lunar lander, but in May 2021 it was reported that they were unlikely to have survived the impact.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The last record of us sending Tardigrades into space was in April 2019, which had an unfortunate ending after the lunar lander, the Beresheet, failed and crash-landed on the moon.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "What is the city of Seattle known for?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Seattle is located in the northwest corner of the United States and is known for its overcast and rainy weather. Seattle has a strong coffee culture, in part because Starbucks was started there. The surrounding Cascade mountains and Puget Sound provide plenty of outdoor adventures, such as boating, rock climbing, and hiking. Many famous musicians started in Seattle, including Nirvana and Macklemore.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "What is algebra and who invented it?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Algebra is the study of variables and the rules for manipulating these variables in formulas.\nThe word algebra(in Arabic al-jabr) comes from the title of the early 9th century book ʿIlm al-jabr wa l-muqābala \"The Science of Restoring and Balancing\" by the Persian mathematician and astronomer al-Khwarizmi. He used the term al-jabr for the operation of moving a term from one side of an equation to the other.\nhere is a basic algebra equation:\n2 + x = 4\nby moving 2 to the other side of the equation we will have:\nx = 4 - 2\nx = 2", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "What is a group of cats called?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A group of cats is called a clowder.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Write a manifesto for the \"Be IRL\" movement. The movement advocates being present to your surroundings and fellow humans, vs being immersed in the virtual world created by our smartphones.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "New \"technology\" comes with incredible benefits, but also incredible long term harms. Think of plentiful calories (no fear of starvation) vs the obesity epidemic. Now think, constant dopamine vs incredible lack of connection to our environment, no new friends and a loneliness epidemic.\n\nWe see it all around us like some dystopian movie. Everyone is looking down at their phones, their eyes and ears oblivious to everything around them. Colleges, the very places that should be bursting with energy, laughter, and serendipitous lifelong friendships, have become places full of people with few friends, constantly scrolling in search of the ever decreasing dopamine hit from a like or just something \"new\".", "role": "assistant" } ]
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Jill, a 60-year-old personal training client, wants to improve her hip flexibility. Identify two exercises commonly done in a Pilates class that would address core strength and flexibility, thus improving Jill's lower back health.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "One exercise is the criss-cross, which helps target the participant’s core strength and flexibility. The participant alternates bringing one shoulder towards the opposing knee, while keeping their hands on the back of their head, lying face-up, and curling their head up. Another exercise would be plank leg lift, which starts as a regular high plank. The participant alternates lifting one leg off the floor, keeping their core engaged to stabilize the movement.", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Why is soccer the most popular sport in the world?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Soccer is the most popular sport in the world because of several reasons including: It is easy to understand the rules and thus it is easy to play. The scoring system is simple - one goal equals 1 point. It does not require a lot of equipment. As a soccer player you have a lot of freedom in decision making compared to other sports like American football where players are expected to follow specific directions and plays from the coach. Soccer can be played in many different formats - from official team sizes with 11 players vs. 11 players to smaller teams of 2 players vs 2 players. Soccer is fun and exciting to play or watch.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "How do you make Crawfish bread?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Ingredients\n1 pound crawfish tail meat, peeled, cleaned and deveined\n1/2 stick butter\n1 clove garlic, minced\n3/4 cup chopped and drained ripe tomatoes\n1 tablespoon Cajun seasoning\n3/4 cup Monterey Jack Cheese\n1/4 cup grated Parmesan\n1/2 cup mayonnaise\n3 tablespoons chopped fresh parsley\n1 loaf French bread\n\nDirections :\n1. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. \n2. Rinse the crawfish. In a large skillet, melt the butter over medium heat. Add the garlic and cook for a few minutes. Add the tomatoes, Cajun seasoning and crawfish. Saute for 1 minute. Remove from the heat. \n3. In a bowl, mix together the cheeses, mayonnaise and parsley. Add the tomato and crawfish mixture to the mayo mixture. \n4. Cut the loaf of bread in half and then cut the bread lengthwise. Spoon the mixture on the bread and bake for 10 to 15 minutes. Then broil for an additional 3 to 5 minutes. Watch closely, as not to burn. \n5. Cut the bread into individual portions and serve.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Give me a summary of Dataphor based on this text\n\nText: \"\"\"\nDataphor is an open-source truly-relational database management system (RDBMS) and its accompanying user interface technologies, which together are designed to provide highly declarative software application development. The Dataphor Server has its own storage engine or it can be a virtual, or federated, DBMS, meaning that it can utilize other database engines for storage.\n\nDataphor has been praised for its adherence to relational principles, more closely so than any SQL product.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Dataphor is an open-source database management system that provides a declarative software application development that has been praised for its adherence to relational principles. The Dataphor Server has its own storage engine but it can also utilize other database engines for storage that are virtual or federated DBMS.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "Write an intro to a startup communications company that no longer exists", "role": "user" }, { "content": "BB Networking, Inc. is one of today's most exciting next-generation communication \nservice providers. BBN enables small and medium-sized businesses to utilize the kind of \ncommunication solutions that were previously only the domain of larger companies. \nBBN provides local, long distance, and wireless voice services, dedicated \nInternet access, and advanced Internet services, including remote access, virtual private \nnetworks (VPN), web hosting, video, and high-tech applications through its own network. \nBBN provides not only access to sophisticated communications tools but \nsimplicity as well. Customers within BBN's network footprint can simply plug into a \nBBN wall jack and immediately have access to a full range of cutting edge \ncommunication and Internet services as well as innovative E-business solutions. Formed \nwith the partnership of America's premier real estate firms and venture capital firm \nKleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, BBN is leading a revolution by delivering \ncomprehensive communications, Internet and E-business solutions to small and medium \nbusinesses. BBN currently spans several hundred million square feet and \nnearly twenty-five percent of the commercial office space in the United States across its \nreal estate owner partnerships.\nBroadband needs to develop ordering processes so that it’s operations will be scalable at a \nrapid pace. \nIdea Integration has assisted startup and growing telecommunications providers in the \nWashington, DC, metropolitan area for the last decade. These services have included a \nhost of OSS projects including business requirements development, process development, \nnew product development, and system implementation within the CLEC OSS \nenvironment.", "role": "assistant" } ]
creative_writing
[ { "content": "What is the capital of Spain and what is it's population?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The capital of Spain is Madrid and it has approximately 3.4 million people", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Who are some of the most influential women's hockey players", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hayley Wickenheiser, Cassie Campbell, Cammi Granato, Angela Ruggiero", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Choose the word which is different from the rest: chicken, snake, swan, crocodile, frog", "role": "user" }, { "content": "All except chicken can live in water", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Tell me whether these are TV shows or books: Modern Family, You, Don Quixote, A Tale of Two Cities, The Little Prince", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Modern Family (TV Show), You (TV Show), Don Quixote (Book), A Tale of Two Cities (Book), The Little Prince (Book)", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Describe the governing arrangements provided by the Articles of Confederation. What were the main weaknesses of the document?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Articles of Confederation (AoC) was the first written constitution of the United States. There were various governing arrangements provided by the AoC, but the most important was protecting the power or sovereignty of the states. The state would not have ratified the AoC if the federal government did not guarantee the powers of the states. The AoC defined a federal government with a unicameral legislature (one vote per state). This legislation had the following powers: declare war, conduct “foreign or commercial relations with other countries” (i.e. treaties), and executive functions that would be carried out by legislative committees. It also “suggested a federal court system”. This federal government was to be funded by the states.\nThough it provided these powers to the federal government, there were inherent weaknesses built into the federal government. First, there was no way for the legislature to enforce its decisions. Second, a declared war or commercial treaty required the consent of at least 9 states. Even if a war was approved, there was no federal army, only state militias. Third, the federal government relied on the states for funding. If the states didn’t like legislation passed, they could simply withhold funding. Fourth, amendments to the AoC required the unanimous agreement of all thirteen states. A realization came that these weaknesses inhibited the governing ability of the federal government. This set the stage for dropping the AoC, which then lead to the current Constitution of the United States.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Classify each of these items as footwear or headwear: wool hat, snowshoes, baseball hat, bicycle helmet, skis, flippers, and flip flops.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The footwear items include: snowshoes, skis, flippers and flip flops.\nThe headwear items include: the wool hat, baseball hat and bike helmet.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Which artist made the hit song One More Time?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Daft Punk", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Extract who succeeded Howard Schultz as Chairman of Starbucks Corporation on June 2018?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nUllman served as Penney's CEO twice: first from December 2004 through October 2011, when he was succeeded by Ron Johnson, and then again after Johnson's departure, from April 2013 through July 2015 when Ullman stepped down.\n\nOn June 26, 2018, Ullman succeeded Howard Schultz as Chairman of Starbucks Corporation.\n\nHe has six siblings and his parents were residents of Canfield, Ohio. He is married to Cathy Emmons Ullman and has six children with her.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Ullman succeeded Howard Schultz as Chairman of Starbucks Corporation.", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "How often do Germans vote?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Federal elections in Germany are held every four years. Germans also vote in the European election, which is conducted every five years. Furthermore, state elections are typically held every five years, but the dates are staggered between different states. Finally, referendums might occur irregularly. The voter turnout varies; an individual voter might not participate in an election.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What US state has the most coastline?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Alaska is the state with the largest coastline at approximately 66,000 miles.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "What is Redshift?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Amazon Redshift is a data warehouse product which forms part of the larger cloud-computing platform Amazon Web Services. It is built on top of technology from the massive parallel processing data warehouse company ParAccel, to handle large scale data sets and database migrations.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "I am going to Stockholm over the weekend, what should I do? I love going to museums and being in nature!", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Stockholm has some amazing spots and museums to visit! Here is a list with some example activities you can pick from:\n- Visit the archipelago: There is a vast archipelago close to Stockholm. It is easy to reach by taking a boat from central Stockholm. The nature there is amazing and remember to bring swimming clothes.\n- Djurgården island: This is a big Island in the middle of Stockholm located in the middle of Stockholm with big parks and some of the most famous museums.\n- Old town: At the heart of Stockholm, you have the old town, which is very popular for tourists all the year. You can visit cozy restaurants and coffee places or take a look at the royal castle.\n- The vasa museum: Located on Djurgården island, it has one of the most well preserved 17th century ships in the world.", "role": "assistant" } ]
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Which of the following months have 31 days? Classify them as 'yes' or 'no'. January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "'yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'yes', 'yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'yes'.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "What is paella?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Paella is a dish that is very popular in Spain. It is made of rice, saffron, and usually comes with fish or chicken.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is the biggest fish in the ocean?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Whale Sharks are the biggest fish in the ocean, growing up to 23 feet long. Surprisingly, they're not at all threatening and actually very approachable. There are many places around the world where you can swim (or dive) with whale sharks, from the Philippines to Mexico.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Provide a bulleted summary of the history of how home-field advantage is determined for the World Series.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nHome-field advantage\nWorld Series\nThe World Series used several different formats in its early years. Initially, it generally followed an alternating home-and-away pattern, except that if a seventh game was possible, its site was determined by coin toss prior to the sixth game. In 1924 the Series began using a 2-3-2 format, presumably to save on travel costs, a pattern that has continued to this day with the exception of a couple of the World War II years when wartime travel restrictions compelled a 3-4 format (used in 1943 and 1945, but not in the 1944 series, which was contested between crosstown rivals the St. Louis Browns and St. Louis Cardinals; all games were held in the same stadium in St. Louis). From the start of the 2-3-2 format through the 2002 season, home-field advantage generally alternated between leagues each year. Prior to the 1994 strike, the National League champion received home-field advantage in even-numbered years and the American League champion in odd-numbered years; these were reversed for 1995–2002 (because 1994 would have been the NL's turn to have home-field, but the World Series was canceled by the aforementioned strike). That changed starting in 2003.\n\nThe 2002 All-Star Game ended in a tie, much to the displeasure of both fans and sportswriters, who complained about a lack of intensity and competitiveness on the part of the players. This hit especially close to home for Commissioner Bud Selig, as the game had been played in his home city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In response, to make the game's outcome more meaningful, in 2003, MLB began assigning home-field advantage in the World Series to the winner of that year's All-Star Game, which is typically held in mid-July.\n\nFollowing the acceptance of a new collective bargaining agreement after the 2016 season (which went into effect in 2017) home-field advantage in the World Series is no longer tied to the outcome of the All-Star Game, but instead is granted to the team with the better regular-season record. One exception was 2020, when all World Series games were played at a neutral site. The home-field advantage designation in the World Series was determined based on whichever pennant winner held the higher seed in its league, not necessarily the team with the better regular season record. However, in the event both pennant winners had held the same seeding number, only then regular season records would have determined the home team in Games 1, 2, 6, and 7.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Home field advantage for the World Series has been determined in the following ways throughout history:\n- 1924 - 2002: Home field advantage simply alternated between the American and National Leagues each year.\n- 2002 - 2016: Home field advantage was determined by the winner of the All-Star game.\n- 2016 - Present: Home field advantage is determined by the team with the best record playing in the World Series.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "Name three countries where Arabic is the official language.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Arabic is the official language of Egypt, Lebanon, and Jordan.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What's the best place to visit China?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The most popular places to visit china are Beijing, Xian, Shanghai and Nanjing. You can find plenty historical places to visit in those city. There are also many mountains to visit. Speaking of long Chinese history, religious culture and distinctive natural scenery, the Five Great Mountains (Wu Yue) are the best destinations to discovery once for all. Despite the lower height than those high mountains like Mount Emei (3099m) and Mount Wutai (3058m), the five in different directions are known far and wide as the great figure of Chinese nation, through the combination of worshipping tradition of ancient mount gods, theory of five Taoist elements (Gold, Wood, Water, Fire and Soil) and mountain apotheosis from emperors. As the popular saying goes, trips to China's five great mountains belittle trips to other mountains unnecessary(五岳归来不看山). Moreover, the starring five famous mountains in China are still major ashram of Chinese Taoism, where each own typical characteristics with both scenic and cultural significance.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa