messages
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[ { "content": "From the text, extract the locations in which outrigger vessels are present in. Separate them with commas.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThese vessels were the first true ocean-going ships, and are an important part of the Austronesian heritage. They were the vessels that enabled the Austronesian expansion from Taiwan into the islands of both the Indian and Pacific Ocean from around 3000 BC. They comprise the bulk of traditional boats in Island Southeast Asia, Island Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar. They have spread to other cultures Austronesians came into contact with, notably in Sri Lanka and southern India as well as in the coast of East Africa. In modern times, outrigger vessels are used in the sport of sailing. Catamaran and trimaran configurations are also widely used for high speed craft.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Taiwan, Island Southeast Asia, Island Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, southern India, East Africa", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "What are some of the natural materials used in construction?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nBuilding material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacturing of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work. They provide the make-up of habitats and structures including homes.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Clay, rocks, sand and wood are some of the common natural materials used in construction.", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "As an immigrant , do you miss your country?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "As an immigrant, it feels like you are away from your family. It feels like you work hard to give good life to your family. But with all that sacrifice you want to give best of both worlds to your kid. But when you hear news like shootings in school, as an immigrant we get afraid. I wish if there is a world which is so beautiful that people love each other. They care for each other. There are no rules that always keep you at the edge if you have to uproot your family from one country to another because of visa restrictions and what not. As an immigrant we want to raise our child in the best way possible. I am still looking for such a place on earth. If anyone of you are aware of such a place, please let me know., I hope the world in its entiriety becomes a peaceful, happy clean place to live.", "role": "assistant" } ]
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Who says Pi is Wrong?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In the early 21st century, Bob Palais (a mathematician) and Michael Hartl (a physicist) declared that Pi, the traditional circle constant, was wrong. Their argument is that Pi, defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, is not the most effective or clear way to describe the geometry of a circle.\n\nPalais and Hartl contend that the ratio of a circle's circumference to its radius is a more useful constant. They chose to name this new constant Tau. Arithmetically, Tau = 2*Pi.\n\nThey argued that Tau produces cleaner mathematical equations throughout physics, mathematics, and statistics and, further, that it makes it easier to teach trigonometry and analytic geometry to new learners.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "What are some good ski resorts for beginners?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Most ski resorts have excellent beginner areas (often called bunny hills), which are labeled as \"green runs\". These areas are also where beginner ski lessons are taught. In some cases, though, beginners prefer to go to smaller or less expensive ski resorts as they are not able to take advantage of the more difficult terrain on a larger mountain. In that case, a smaller, cheaper ski resort might be better for a beginner; these tend to be located on smaller mountains and can often be more convenient to nearby cities and towns, although the snow quality and number of ski runs is often significantly less.", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Give me a list of 3 of the best movies quotes I've never used", "role": "user" }, { "content": "* \"Two? Make it three, I'm not driving\" - Kevin McCallister (Home Alone 2: Lost in New York)\n* \"Oh yeah, you blend\" - Mona Lisa Vito (My Cousin Vinny)\n* \"We were just driving by to get some ice cream. Thought you might like to join us.\" - Buck Russell (Uncle Buck)", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What were the four groundbreaking papers that Albert Einstein published\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAlbert Einstein (/ˈaɪnstaɪn/ EYEN-styne; German: [ˈalbɛʁt ˈʔaɪnʃtaɪn] (listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics. Relativity and quantum mechanics are the two pillars of modern physics. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been dubbed \"the world's most famous equation\". His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics \"for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His intellectual achievements and originality resulted in \"Einstein\" becoming synonymous with \"genius\". Einsteinium, one of the synthetic elements in the periodic table, was named in his honor.\n\nIn 1905, a year sometimes described as his annus mirabilis ('miracle year'), Einstein published four groundbreaking papers. These outlined the theory of the photoelectric effect, explained Brownian motion, introduced special relativity, and demonstrated mass–energy equivalence. Einstein thought that the laws of classical mechanics could no longer be reconciled with those of the electromagnetic field, which led him to develop his special theory of relativity. He then extended the theory to gravitational fields; he published a paper on general relativity in 1916, introducing his theory of gravitation. In 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light and the quantum theory of radiation, which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Albert Einstein, 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics. Relativity and quantum mechanics are the two pillars of modern physics. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been dubbed \"the world's most famous equation\". His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics \"for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His intellectual achievements and originality resulted in \"Einstein\" becoming synonymous with \"genius\". Einsteinium, one of the synthetic elements in the periodic table, was named in his honor.\n\nIn 1905, a year sometimes described as his annus mirabilis ('miracle year'), Einstein published four groundbreaking papers. These outlined the theory of the photoelectric effect, explained Brownian motion, introduced special relativity, and demonstrated mass–energy equivalence. Einstein thought that the laws of classical mechanics could no longer be reconciled with those of the electromagnetic field, which led him to develop his special theory of relativity. He then extended the theory to gravitational fields; he published a paper on general relativity in 1916, introducing his theory of gravitation. In 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light and the quantum theory of radiation, which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "What is Flink?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Apache Flink is an open-source, unified stream-processing and batch-processing framework developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The core of Apache Flink is a distributed streaming data-flow engine written in Java and Scala. Flink executes arbitrary dataflow programs in a data-parallel and pipelined manner.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Based on the reference text, provide a bulleted list of the contributing factors causing World War II.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nWorld War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.\n\nWorld War II was by far the deadliest conflict in history; it resulted in an estimated 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of the Axis defeat, Germany and Japan were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders.\n\nThe causes of World War II are debated, but contributing factors included the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Spanish Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, the rise of fascism in Europe, and European tensions in the aftermath of World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their \"spheres of influence\" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, in a military alliance with Italy, Japan and other countries called the Axis. Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the United Kingdom, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history.\n\nJapan, which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific, was at war with the Republic of China by 1937. In December 1941, Japan attacked American and British territories with near-simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific, including an attack on the US fleet at Pearl Harbor which resulted in the United States and United Kingdom declaring war against Japan. The European Axis powers declared war on the United States in solidarity. Japan soon captured much of the western Pacific, but its advances were halted in 1942 after losing the critical Battle of Midway; later, Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. Key setbacks in 1943—including a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasions of Sicily and the Italian mainland, and Allied offensives in the Pacific—cost the Axis powers their initiative and forced them into strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and pushed Germany and its allies back. During 1944 and 1945, Japan suffered reversals in mainland Asia, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key western Pacific islands.\n\nThe war in Europe concluded with the liberation of German-occupied territories and the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the Fall of Berlin to Soviet troops, Hitler's suicide, and the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the refusal of Japan to surrender on the terms of the Potsdam Declaration (issued 26 July 1945), the United States dropped the first atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima on 6 August and Nagasaki on 9 August. Faced with an imminent invasion of the Japanese archipelago, the possibility of additional atomic bombings, and the Soviet Union's declared entry into the war against Japan on the eve of invading Manchuria, Japan announced on 10 August its intention to surrender, signing a surrender document on 2 September 1945.\n\nWorld War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the globe and set the foundation for the international order of the world's nations during the Cold War and into present day. The United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts, with the victorious great powers—China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—becoming the permanent members of its Security Council. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the nearly half-century-long Cold War. In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the decolonisation of Africa and Asia. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery and expansion. Political and economic integration, especially in Europe, began as an effort to forestall future hostilities, end pre-war enmities, and forge a sense of common identity.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Although the causes of World War II are debated, contributing factors include:\n- The rise of fascism in Europe\n- European tensions after World War I\n- Second Italo-Ethiopian War\n- Spanish Civil War\n- Second Sino-Japanese War\n- Soviet-Japanese border conflicts", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "Is the sun a star or a planet?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The sun is not a planet but a star. It is not only the nearest and sole star in our solar system, it also happens to be its center.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Classify each of the following as a language or religion: Spanish, Catholicism, Islam, Judaism, Mandarin, Arabic", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Spanish: Language\nCatholicism: Religion\nIslam: Religion\nJudaism: Religion\nMandarin: Language\nArabic: Language", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Given the reference text about Super Bowl LV, please answer the following questions:\n1. Who performed at the halftime show?\n2. Which team won and what was the final score?\n3. Who was the MVP?\n4. Where was the game played?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nSuper Bowl LV was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2020 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers defeated the defending American Football Conference (AFC) and Super Bowl champion Kansas City Chiefs, 31–9. The game was played on February 7, 2021, at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida, the home stadium of the Buccaneers, marking the first time a team played a Super Bowl in its home stadium. Due to COVID-19 protocols limiting the stadium's seating capacity to 25,000 fans, it was the least-attended Super Bowl.\n\nThe Buccaneers' victory was their second and made them one of two teams, along with the Baltimore Ravens, to be undefeated in multiple Super Bowls. They finished the regular season with an 11–5 record and a wild card berth to advance to their second Super Bowl appearance through the guidance of several new acquisitions, most notably 21-year veteran quarterback Tom Brady in his first season away from the New England Patriots. The Chiefs, aided by their top-ranked offense, finished the regular season with a league-best 14–2 record to advance to their fourth Super Bowl appearance and were the defending Super Bowl LIV champions, seeking to become the first repeat champions since the Patriots in 2004.\n\nFor the first time under quarterback Patrick Mahomes, the Chiefs failed to score a touchdown and lost by double-digits, making them the third Super Bowl team to not score a touchdown. They also committed 11 penalties for 120 yards, including a record eight penalties for 95 yards in the first half, most of which were called against the defense. The Buccaneers capitalized on these struggles to take a commanding 21–6 lead at halftime and dominated the remainder of the game. Brady, who also extended his player records for Super Bowl appearances to 10 and wins to seven, was named Super Bowl MVP for a record fifth time and was the first to receive the award with multiple franchises. He became the oldest player to receive the honor and win a Super Bowl as the starting quarterback at age 43, breaking additional personal records, while Bruce Arians was the oldest head coach to win the Super Bowl at 68.\n\nThe game was televised nationally by CBS. Country music singer Eric Church and R&B singer Jazmine Sullivan performed the national anthem, while the halftime show was headlined by Canadian singer The Weeknd. On television, Super Bowl LV was seen by 91.63 million viewers, the lowest ratings for the game since 2006. Combined with viewership on other platforms, viewership was down by 5% overall in comparison to Super Bowl LIV, but with a 69% increase in average streaming viewership.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Given the provided reference text, the answers to the questions are as follows:\n1. Who performed at the halftime show?\nThe halftime show was headlined by Canadian singer The Weeknd.\n2. Which team won and what was the final score?\nThe Tampa Bay Buccaneers won the game by a score of 31–9.\n3. Who was the MVP?\nTom Brady was the MVP.\n4. Where was the game played?\nThe game was played at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "When did Delaware join the United States?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Delaware was admitted to the union on December 7, 1787.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What are the different kind of hits in baseball?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The different kind of hits in baseball are a single, double, triple, and home run.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "When and where was the first major agitation led by Gandhi, tell me who this agitation was against, which crop led to this agitation and why this agitation happened.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nGandhi's first major achievement came in 1917 with the Champaran agitation in Bihar. The Champaran agitation pitted the local peasantry against largely Anglo-Indian plantation owners who were backed by the local administration. The peasants were forced to grow indigo (Indigofera sp.), a cash crop for Indigo dye whose demand had been declining over two decades, and were forced to sell their crops to the planters at a fixed price. Unhappy with this, the peasantry appealed to Gandhi at his ashram in Ahmedabad. Pursuing a strategy of nonviolent protest, Gandhi took the administration by surprise and won concessions from the authorities.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "First major agitation was in 1917 in Champaran Bihar state. The agitation was against Anglo-Indian plantation owners. Indigo was the crop that led to this agitation and the reason was the lower fixed price for the Indigo crop.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Tell me whether these foods need to be refrigerated or be frozen: milk, meat, sea food, fruit", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Milk and fruit need to be refrigerated while meat and sea food in general need to be frozen.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "What is dialtune drums?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Dialtune is a cable tuning system for drums. Using separate dials for the top and bottom heads, drummers can find the exact sound they're looking for faster, change drumheads in under a minute, and explore new creative possibilities without compromise. While Cable tuning is not new, Dialtune has improved upon it with a patented system that makes it the only cable-tuning drum that can independently tune the top and bottom heads using separate dials on either side of the drum. Additionally, changing drumheads doesn't require removing the cable. Dialtune's quick-release hoops make changing a drumhead simple and easy.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Talempong, Guitar", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Guitar is string, Talempong is percussion.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "What are the words of House Baratheon?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "\"Ours is the Fury\"", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Which is heavier: 1kg of flour or 1kg of steel?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A kilogram (kg) is a unit of weight, so it doesn't matter what material is being weighed - a kilogram will always be equal to a kilogram. Therefore, both weigh the same.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is the California Alpine Club?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The California Alpine Club (CAC) is a membership club with overnight lodges on Mount Tamalpais in Mill Valley, CA and at Echo Lake, which is 20 minutes outside of South Lake Tahoe.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "The Coquerel's coua species was named after who?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nCoquerel's coua (Coua coquereli) is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It was named in 1867 by the French naturalist Alfred Grandidier in honor of the French navy surgeon and naturalist Charles Coquerel. Coquerel's coua is approximately 40 cm (16 in) in length and has a large blue patch of bare skin around the eye, a characteristic of the Coua genus that is similar to African turacos. The plumage is silky, the crown is black, the upper parts and tail are light brown or greyish-brown, and the lower breast and belly is suffused with red. The iris is red and the beak and legs are slaty grey. As a member of the cuckoo family, it has a reversible third toe and resembles the coucal in its method of scrambling through tangled bushes and lianas while searching for food. Observations indicate that it can climb about 10 m (30 ft) above the ground.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Coquerel's coua species was named after the French navy surgeon and naturalist Charles Coquerel.", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Tell me about Roger Federer\n\nText: \"\"\"\nRoger Federer (German: [ˈrɔdʒər ˈfeːdərər]; born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 1 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 310 weeks, including a record 237 consecutive weeks, and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. He won 103 singles titles on the ATP Tour, the second most of all time, including 20 major men's singles titles, a record eight men's singles Wimbledon titles, an Open Era joint-record five men's singles US Open titles, and a joint-record six year-end championships. In his home country, he is regarded as \"the greatest and most successful\" Swiss sportsperson in history.\n\nA Wimbledon junior champion in 1998 and former ball boy, Federer won his first major singles title at Wimbledon in 2003 at age 21. Between 2003 and 2009, Federer played in 21 out of 28 major singles finals. He won three of the four majors and the ATP Finals in 2004, 2006, and 2007 as well as five consecutive titles at both Wimbledon and the US Open. He completed the career Grand Slam at the 2009 French Open after three consecutive runner-up finishes to Nadal, his main rival until 2010. At age 27, he surpassed Pete Sampras' record of 14 major men's singles titles at Wimbledon in 2009.\n\nFederer and Stan Wawrinka led the Switzerland Davis Cup team to their first title in 2014, following their Olympic doubles gold victory at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Federer also won a silver medal in singles at the 2012 London Olympics, finishing runner-up to Andy Murray. After a half-year hiatus in late 2016 to recover from knee surgery, Federer returned to tennis, winning three more majors over the next two years, including the 2017 Australian Open over Rafael Nadal and an eighth singles title at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. At the 2018 Australian Open, Federer became the first man to win 20 major singles titles and shortly the oldest ATP world No. 1 at age 36. In September 2022, he retired from professional tennis following the Laver Cup.\n\nA versatile all-court player, Federer's perceived effortlessness has made him highly popular among tennis fans. Originally lacking self-control as a junior, he transformed his on-court demeanor to become well-liked for his graciousness, winning the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award 13 times. He has won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award a record five times. Outside of competing, he played an instrumental role in the creation of the Laver Cup team competition. He is also an active philanthropist. He established the Roger Federer Foundation, which targets impoverished children in southern Africa, and has raised funds in part through the Match for Africa exhibition series. He is routinely one of the top ten highest-paid athletes in any sport and ranked first among all athletes with $100 million in endorsement income in 2020.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Roger Federer, born 8 August 1981, is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 1 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 310 weeks, including a record 237 consecutive weeks, and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. He won 103 singles titles on the ATP Tour, the second most of all time, including 20 major men's singles titles, a record eight men's singles Wimbledon titles, an Open Era joint-record five men's singles US Open titles, and a joint-record six year-end championships. In his home country, he is regarded as \"the greatest and most successful\" Swiss sportsperson in history.\n\nA Wimbledon junior champion in 1998 and former ball boy, Federer won his first major singles title at Wimbledon in 2003 at age 21. Between 2003 and 2009, Federer played in 21 out of 28 major singles finals. He won three of the four majors and the ATP Finals in 2004, 2006, and 2007 as well as five consecutive titles at both Wimbledon and the US Open. He completed the career Grand Slam at the 2009 French Open after three consecutive runner-up finishes to Nadal, his main rival until 2010. At age 27, he surpassed Pete Sampras' record of 14 major men's singles titles at Wimbledon in 2009.\n\nFederer and Stan Wawrinka led the Switzerland Davis Cup team to their first title in 2014, following their Olympic doubles gold victory at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Federer also won a silver medal in singles at the 2012 London Olympics, finishing runner-up to Andy Murray. After a half-year hiatus in late 2016 to recover from knee surgery, Federer returned to tennis, winning three more majors over the next two years, including the 2017 Australian Open over Rafael Nadal and an eighth singles title at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. At the 2018 Australian Open, Federer became the first man to win 20 major singles titles and shortly the oldest ATP world No. 1 at age 36. In September 2022, he retired from professional tennis following the Laver Cup.\n\nA versatile all-court player, Federer's perceived effortlessness has made him highly popular among tennis fans. Originally lacking self-control as a junior, he transformed his on-court demeanor to become well-liked for his graciousness, winning the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award 13 times. He has won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award a record five times. Outside of competing, he played an instrumental role in the creation of the Laver Cup team competition. He is also an active philanthropist. He established the Roger Federer Foundation, which targets impoverished children in southern Africa, and has raised funds in part through the Match for Africa exhibition series. He is routinely one of the top ten highest-paid athletes in any sport and ranked first among all athletes with $100 million in endorsement income in 2020.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "In the 2005 Lexus Cup, how many members did each team have?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe 2005 Lexus Cup was the inaugural edition of the annual golf match competed by women representing Asia and an international squad. Each team was made up of twelve members. The competition took place at the Tanah Merah Country Club in Singapore from 9–11 December 2005. Lexus was he title sponsor while Rolex, DBS, Singapore Airlines, and Singapore Sports Council are main sponsors. The total purse was US$960,000, with $50,000 going to each member of the winning team and $30,000 to members of the other team.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Each team was made up of twelve members.", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Give me a list of the top clean beauty brands for women in their 20s", "role": "user" }, { "content": "-Westman Atelier \n-Ilia \n-Kosas \n-RMS Beauty", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "This table lists the change over time in population of a small town in France. Between which two consecutive entries from the table did the rate of population growth change the most? Explain your math.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nHistorical population\nYear\tPop.\t±%\n1911\t752\t— \n1962\t437\t−41.9%\n1968\t486\t+11.2%\n1975\t398\t−18.1%\n1982\t393\t−1.3%\n1990\t382\t−2.8%\n1999\t395\t+3.4%\n2008\t441\t+11.6%\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The rate of population growth changed the most between the entries for 1962 and 1968. Between 1911 and 1962, there was a -41.9% change in population, and between 1962 and 1968 there was a +11.2% change in population. The rate of change of population growth was |(−41.9% - +11.2%)| = 53.1% change, which is larger than the absolute difference between any other two consecutive rows in the table.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Who spoke at NYU's 2022 commencement?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Taylor Swift spoke at NYU's 2022 commencement.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Why is professional wrestling entertaining?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Professional wrestling is one of the best forms of entertainment. First, it's an incredible display of physical talent. Professional wrestling and acrobats are showcasing their physical attributes in a partially choregraphed dance. There is an element of improv in professional wrestling. Wrestlers often are calling the match as the action happens. The next set of moves can be greatly influenced from the crowd's reaction. The \"pop\" of the crowd, if you will. Finally, the best wrestlers are ones that are amplified versions of their true selves. The audience can detect an inauthentic speech on the mic. Those wrestlers who combine their charisma to their true gimmick are the ones that turn the normal fan to a mark.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Electro, Black Lightning", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Electro is Marvel, Black Lightning is DC", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "What's an unpopular opinion you have?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "An unpopular opinion I have is that 5:00 pm in the evening is the best time to eat dinner. Many cultures enjoy eating dinner late at night. Many young people prefer to eat at night so that they can enjoy the company of friends and a drink at night. Typically, only elderly people and small children eat dinner at an earlier time. I prefer to eat dinner early because most of the best restaurants have open reservations at 5:00 pm, so I can almost always get a good table. I'm not particularly eager to eat late in the evening because then I have a hard time sleeping at night. I prefer to have dinner at 5:00 pm because it starts the evening earlier, forces you to leave work and allows you to spend the whole evening with your friends and family. It leaves space for the evening to unfold.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Balaban, Lute", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Lute is string, Balaban is woodwind.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Give me a list of the great synth-pop artists and a song for each that I might not have heard.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sure, here is a short list of Synth-pop artists with songs that you may not have heard yet:\n- Blondie – Heart Of Glass (1978)\n- Kraftwerk – The Model (1978)\n- Gary Numan – Cars (1979)\n- OMD – Electricity (1979)\n- John Foxx – Underpass (1980).", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Which is better the Free Software Movement or the Open Source Initiative?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nBoth the modern free software movement and the Open Source Initiative were born from a common history of Unix, Internet free software, and the hacker culture, but their basic goals and philosophy differ, the free software movement being more focused on the ethics of software, and their open source counterparts being more focused on practical benefits. The Open Source Initiative chose the term \"open source,\" in founding member Michael Tiemann's words, to \"dump the moralizing and confrontational attitude that had been associated with 'free software'\" and instead promote open source ideas on \"pragmatic, business-case grounds.\"\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Free Software Movement is the better organization for me since I also hold a high value on ethics and believe in that vision.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "What are the defining characteristics of a Ramly Burger?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAside from producing burger meat and other frozen foods, the company is also known for its street stalls, which have sold the Ramly Burger in every state in Malaysia since 1979. The defining characteristic of a Ramly Burger is the patty itself wrapped in an omelette and topped with several condiments, which may include ketchup, mayonnaise, chili sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and/or Maggi seasoning, depending on the vendor. The term \"Ramly Burger\" has been used as a genericized trademark for similarly-prepared burgers which are not necessarily made with the Ramly beef patty as well. They are considered a local favourite, especially by city dwellers. It is estimated that there are over 25,000 Ramly Burger stalls nationwide as of 2015, with the monthly average income of about RM 5,000.\n\nThe burger (patties) has been banned in Singapore due to the meat coming from sources which are not on the Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore approved list of Commercial Food Imports for Meats which could pose a potential health risk. Singaporean street vendors continue to use the Ramly Burger wrapper.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The defining characteristic of a Ramly burger is that the burger patty is wrapped inside of an omelette and topped with various condiments like maggi seasoning, ketchu, mayonnaise, chili sauce or Worcestershire sauce. It is a local Malaysian favorite but banned in Singapore", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Given this paragraph describing the conclusion of the movie Groundhog Day, how did Phil manage to break the cycle and wake up on February 3 instead of back once again on February 2?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nDuring one iteration of the loop, Phil reports on the Groundhog Day festivities with such eloquence that other news crews stop working to listen to his speech, amazing Rita. Phil continues his day helping the people of Punxsutawney. That night, Rita witnesses Phil's expert piano-playing skills as the adoring townsfolk regale her with stories of his good deeds. Impressed by his apparent overnight transformation, Rita successfully bids for him at a charity bachelor auction. Phil carves an ice sculpture in Rita's image and tells her that no matter what happens, even if he is trapped in the loop forever, he is finally happy because he loves her. They share a kiss and retire to Phil's room. He wakes the next morning to \"I Got You Babe\" but finds Rita is still in bed with him and the radio banter has changed; it is now February 3. Phil tells Rita that he wants to live in Punxsutawney with her.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundhog_Day_(film)\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "This paragraph summarizing the conclusion of Groundhog Day explains what was happening when Phil wakes up on February 3 but does not explain why he is able to escape the loop.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "How many different Alaska Native tribes are there?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "There are 228 federally recognized Alaska Native tribes.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Which of these games are traditionally considered to be board games, and which are card games? Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Poker, Snap, Chess, Backgammon, Bridge and Scrabble.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Chess, Backgammon and Scrabble are all board games. Poker, Snap and Bridge are types of card games.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Where should I fly fish for trout in Washington state?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Some of the popular bodies of water to fish for trout in Washington state are the Yakima River, Naches River, the Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie, and the beaches of the puget sound. You can also find excellent trout fishing in Washington’s high lakes, although not all lakes are able to support a healthy population of trout.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Can planets in the Solar System be seen with the naked eye?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Yes, under the correct weather conditions, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturn and Jupiter can be seen with the naked eye. Other planets in the Solar System can only be observed with strong telescopes. Venus is the third brightest object in the sky and can be seen usually during twilight.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "What are good native plants to grow in Ohio?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Echinacea purpurea, Pycnanthemum tenuifolium, and Schizachyrium scoparium are all native to Ohio in the United States. Each of these plants will grow well in full sun, and these plants can adapt to a good range of soil conditions common in Ohio.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Where is Hesse's Demi Bastion\n\nText: \"\"\"\nHesse's Demi Bastion is a demi-bastion in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is part of the Northern Defences of Gibraltar. The bastion forms a link in a chain of fortifications which ascend the lower north-west slopes of the Rock of Gibraltar, below the King's Lines Battery and Bombproof Battery. The Moorish Castle's Tower of Homage is at the top of the same incline.\n\nHistory\nIt was originally the Baluado de S. Pedro (St. Peter's Bastion) during the Spanish period prior to the Capture of Gibraltar in 1704 under Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, after whom the bastion is named. The old Spanish bastion was rebuilt and renamed by the British in 1730. In 1762, during the Seven Years' War, it was armed with two 18-pdrs and four 4-pdrs to flank the ditch in front of the Landport Gate. By 1885 the bastion's guns were all 32-pdrs.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hesse's Demi Bastion is a demi-bastion in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Boobam, Orutu", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Boobam is percussion, Orutu is string.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Who was Neale James Cooper\n\nText: \"\"\"\nNeale James Cooper (24 November 1963 – 28 May 2018) was a Scottish football player and coach. He played as a midfielder during the 1980s and 1990s, most prominently for the Aberdeen team managed by Alex Ferguson, and later played for Aston Villa, Rangers, Reading, Dunfermline Athletic and Ross County. Cooper then became a coach, and worked as a manager in England with Hartlepool United (twice) and Gillingham, and in Scotland with Ross County and Peterhead.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Neale James Cooper (24 November 1963 – 28 May 2018) was a Scottish football player and coach. He played as a midfielder during the 1980s and 1990s, most prominently for the Aberdeen team managed by Alex Ferguson, and later played for Aston Villa, Rangers, Reading, Dunfermline Athletic and Ross County.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "Who are your 3 favorite Star Wars characters and why?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "There are so many great Star Wars characters, but if I have to narrow it down to 3, I'd have to say Chewy, Rey, and Grogu. Chewy is a classic Star Wars character who has always been on the 'good' side (the Rebellion). His communication mode is so adorable, he is extremely loyal, and he wears his emotions on his (hairy) sleeve. While Princess Leia was an inspriational character, I think Rey is the most impressive of the two strong female protagonists. Rey is mentally and physically strong, passionate about her beliefs, and I hope she will continue to show up in Star Wars movies. Grogu is from the The Mandalorian series, on Disney Plus. Lots of people call him Baby Yoda because he looks like a tiny version of the famous and wise Yoda character. Grogu appeals to women because he makes baby-like sounds and has huge inquisitive eyes. His curiosity gets him into trouble, but he doesn't know any better yet. He has impressive super powers for such a tiny creature, and I hope that we will get to watch Grogu grow up as the series continues.", "role": "assistant" } ]
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Given this reference text about the Koala, tell me what makes up most of their diet, how long joeys spend in their mothers' pouches and what are some of the pathogens they are threatened by.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe koala or, inaccurately, koala bear (Phascolarctos cinereus), is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia. It is the only extant representative of the family Phascolarctidae and its closest living relatives are the wombats. The koala is found in coastal areas of the mainland's eastern and southern regions, inhabiting Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. It is easily recognisable by its stout, tailless body and large head with round, fluffy ears and large, spoon-shaped nose. The koala has a body length of 60–85 cm (24–33 in) and weighs 4–15 kg (9–33 lb). Fur colour ranges from silver grey to chocolate brown. Koalas from the northern populations are typically smaller and lighter in colour than their counterparts further south. These populations possibly are separate subspecies, but this is disputed.\n\nKoalas typically inhabit open Eucalyptus woodland, as the leaves of these trees make up most of their diet. This eucalypt diet has low nutritional and caloric content and contains toxins that deter most other mammals from feeding on it. Koalas are largely sedentary and sleep up to twenty hours a day. They are asocial animals, and bonding exists only between mothers and dependent offspring. Adult males communicate with loud bellows that intimidate rivals and attract mates. Males mark their presence with secretions from scent glands located on their chests. Being marsupials, koalas give birth to underdeveloped young that crawl into their mothers' pouches, where they stay for the first six to seven months of their lives. These young koalas, known as joeys, are fully weaned around a year old. Koalas have few natural predators and parasites, but are threatened by various pathogens, such as Chlamydiaceae bacteria and koala retrovirus.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Eucalyptus makes up most of their diet. Joeys spend the first six to seven months of their lives in their mothers' pouches. They are threatened by pathogens like Chlamydiaceae and koala retrovirus.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Who is Sachin Tendulkar?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nSachin Ramesh Tendulkar is an Indian former international cricketer who captained the Indian national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket. He is the all-time highest run-scorer in both ODI and Test cricket with more than 18,000 runs and 15,000 runs, respectively. He also holds the record for receiving the most man-of-the-match awards in international cricket.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar captained the Indian national team . He is the all-time highest run-scorer in both ODI and Test cricket . He holds the record for receiving the most man-of-the-match awards in international cricket .", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Extract from the text the main characteristics of the city of São Paulo. Separate them with a comma.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nSão Paulo is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC as an alpha global city, São Paulo is the most populous city proper in the Americas, the Western Hemisphere, and the Southern Hemisphere, as well as the world's 4th largest city proper by population. Additionally, São Paulo is the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world. It exerts strong international influences in commerce, finance, arts and entertainment. The city's name honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater São Paulo, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth. The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas around the Greater São Paulo (Campinas, Santos, Jundiaí, Sorocaba and São José dos Campos) created the São Paulo Macrometropolis, a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "most populous city in Brazil, most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region, Listed by the GaWC as an alpha global city, the most populous city proper in the Americas, the world's 4th largest city proper by population, São Paulo is the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world, city's name honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "What countries are in the European Union?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- Austria\n- Belgium\n- Bulgaria\n- Croatia\n- Cyprus\n- Czechia (a.k.a. Czech Republic)\n- Denmark\n- Estonia\n- Finland\n- France\n- Germany\n- Greece\n- Hungary\n- Ireland\n- Italy\n- Latvia\n- Lithuania\n- Luxembourg\n- Malta\n- Netherlands\n- Poland\n- Portugal\n- Romania\n- Slovakia\n- Slovenia\n- Spain\n- Sweden", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What size of snowboard should I use?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The size of snowboard you should use is based on many different factors such as the skill of the rider, the weight and height of the rider, as well as the type of terrain you plan on riding. It is best to consult the manufacturer of the snowboard maker in order to make the best decision on the size of snowboard to use.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What are the drawbacks of nuclear fusion according to this text?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nList of Cons of Nuclear Fusion\n1. It is extremely difficult to achieve. \nIn stars, strong gravitational forces and high temperatures naturally create a fusion environment. But here on Earth, we are facing the challenge to make nuclear fuel hot and confined enough to start a self-sustaining ignition.\n\nImagine trying to contain the plasma (a gaseous mixture of deuterium, tritium atoms and ions, and helium the fusion product) at 100 million degrees celsius. No material can withstand that temperature. So, scientists attempt to keep the plasma (being electrically charged and having a magnetic field of its own) suspended in a magnetic field produced by superconducting magnets around the fusion chamber/vessel. This is similar to how bullet trains float on their tracks at ridiculous speeds. This process is very difficult to achieve (as compared to nuclear FISSION).\n\n2. It produces radioactive waste.\nThough nuclear power plants only emit negligible amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, its nuclear fuel chain process does produce radioactive waste.\n\nThe radioactive waste produced with fusion is not the same as with fission, and the two are often confused. With a nuclear fission reactor, the radiation is alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays (which can penetrate your skin and break apart the bonds in your DNA structure, giving you all kinds of cancer). In contrast, in a nuclear fusion reactor, the vessel wall is the only part that will be bombarded by the high energy neutrons, and if, in the worst case, all the protective layers surrounding the main fusion vessel fail, the neutron radiation will stop as soon as fusion reaction stops. In a fission reactor, the cancer-causing radiation still exists even in the waste materials, which means that extreme measures are needed to burry the waste to keep it as far away as possible from humans. In the case of nuclear fusion, the activated materials (i.e., the metal vessels which have been bombarded by neutrons) can be stored safely for about 100 years, after which the radiation level becomes so low that they can be reused in the fusion reactor again.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "According to the provided text, Nuclear Fusion has the following main drawbacks:\n\n1. It's veru difficult to achieve. \n2. It produces radioactive waste.\n", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "Give me a list of potential vegan dishes you could make for a Thanksgiving meal", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Vegan mashed potatoes\nVegan macaroni and cheese\nTofurkey with vegan gravy\nVegan green bean casserole\nVegan candied yams\nVegan sweet potato pie\nVegan twice baked potatoes", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Who won the 1986 Major League Baseball World Series and in how many games?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe 1986 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1986 season. The 83rd edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the National League (NL) champion New York Mets and the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox. The Mets won the series four games to three to claim their second World Series title and first since 1969. The series is best remembered for its Game 6, which saw the Mets rally from a two run-deficit in the bottom of the 10th inning, despite having two outs and no one on base. The Red Sox, who held a 3–2 series lead, were twice one strike away from securing the championship, but failed to close out the inning as the Mets won off an error by Boston first baseman Bill Buckner. Due to the Mets claiming the series in Game 7, the Game 6 collapse entered baseball lore as part of the Curse of the Bambino superstition used to explain the Red Sox's championship drought after the 1918 World Series.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The New York Mets beat the Boston Red Sox, 4 games to 3, to win the World Series. The Red Sox were a strike away from winning the series in Game 6 but the Mets won the game due to an error from first baseman Bill Buckner. The Mets went on to easily win Game 7. This was used as another data point in the \"Curse of the Bambino\" superstition that started in 1918 when the Red Sox traded Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees and hadn't won a World Series since (up til that point in time).", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "Classify the countries based on the continent they belong to - North America or South America with the former as 'north' and the latter as 'south'. United States, Mexico, Canada, Brazil, Columbia, Argentina, Cuba, Jamaica, Chile, Guyana, Peru.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "'north', 'north', 'north', 'south', 'south', 'south', 'north', 'north', 'south', 'south', 'south'.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Is there an evolutionary root cause for self-deception?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Diverse evolutionary psychologists have conjectured about the potential advantages of self-deception in a social context, however some Terror Management theorists suggest that self-deception is actually at the core of what it means to be human. Hunter-gatherers may have used their increasing cognitive abilities to their own evolutionary benefit, but increased cognition necessarily brought along the awareness of death, which could become a major obstacle by making the dangers of day-to-day so explicit and linked to the possibility of death that would cause paralysis -thus it would not be evolutionary anymore. In conclusion, awareness of death could only have emerged in combination with self-deception, so that the terror of death would be managed and diminished. In other words, the theory dismisses the possibility of the advent of a breed of intelligent beings, unless those beings, no matter how clever they come to be, have as well the ability to conceal their own mortality.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "What is pink salt?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It’s important to distinguish between a typical consumer-grade Himalayan pink salt primarily used for finishing dishes just before serving, and a curing salt that is not meant for consumption but instead used for the process of curing meats and just happens to be pink. So, “pink salt” tends to be an overloaded term.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "How do you throw a cutter in baseball?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A cutter is a pitch in baseball with action and movement similar to a hybrid between a fastball and a slider. Perhaps the most famous cutter pitcher in baseball history, a closer from the New York Yankees named, Mariano Rivera, used the cutter exclusively all the way to the hall of fame. The cutter is thrown like a fastball, but with a \"football\" throwing arm action where the pitcher's palm faces their opposing arm as they release the pitch. Grips for the cutter can vary, however, the keys are to hold the middle of the baseball, cross the seems at an angle similar to a slider and be sure not to turn or twist on release. With this approach, the cutter is a pitch safe for youth baseball as young as age 9 and can be effective all the way to the World Series as demonstrated by Mariano Rivera.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Classify each of the following as a ridesharing or food delivery company: Doordash, Lyft, Wolt, Deliveroo, Bolt, Didi, Rappi", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Doordash: Food Delivery\nLyft: Ridesharing\nWolt: Food Delivery\nDeliveroo: Food Delivery\nBolt: Ridesharing\nDidi: Ridesharing\nRappi: Food Delivery", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Who wrote the most episodes of season four of Game of Thrones?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Co-writers David Benioff and D.B. Weiss wrote seven of the ten episodes of Game of Thrones's fourth season.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Which of the following are perfect square roots? Classify them as 'perfect' and 'not perfect' - 1, 23, 4, 6, 9, 10, 42, 112, 81, 100, 55, 16, 32, 25.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "'perfect', 'not perfect', 'perfect', 'not perfect', 'perfect', 'not perfect', 'not perfect', 'not perfect', 'perfect', 'perfect', 'not perfect', 'perfect', 'not perfect', 'perfect'.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "What were the 2 horses represented in greek mythology?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The 2 horses represented in greek mythology were:\n\n- Pegasus, a divine winged stallion that is pure white, son of Medusa and Poseidon, brother of Chrysaor, and father of winged horses.\n- Ethiopian Pegasus, winged, horned horses native to Ethiopia.", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What is a mammal?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A mammal is a warm blooded vertebrate animal that is distinguished by having mammary glands and hair. Typically mammals give birth to live babies that need the help of their parents to survive. Some fun facts include, 1) bats are the only flying mammals, and 2) blue whales, the largest animals on the planet, are also mammals.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "According to this reference text about UVA, what years have UVA women won NCAA titles in rowing?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIn the 21st century alone, UVA teams have won seventeen NCAA championships. The men's teams have won recent NCAA titles in basketball (2019); lacrosse (2003, 2006, 2011, 2019, and 2021); baseball (2015); soccer (2009 and 2014); and tennis (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2022). UVA women have won recent NCAA titles in rowing (2010 and 2012) and swimming & diving (2021 and 2022). The Cavaliers rank first in the ACC (a power conference) with 22 men's NCAA Championships, and rank second in the conference with nine women's NCAA Championships.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "UVA women won NCAA titles in rowing in 2010 and 2012.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "What is heavier? A pound of feathers or a pound of iron?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A pound of feathers and a pound of iron both weigh the same.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Why do people purchase ski passes?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "People buy ski passes so that they have unlimited access to a mountain resort. If they visit the resort enough times in a season, they can save money by using a pass rather than buying individual tickets for each day. Also, using a pass makes it faster to enter the resort without having to stop at a ticket counter.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "what are the different types of music genres", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The music genre is the categorisation of music. Some examples of music genres are - rock, pop, hip-hop, jazz etc.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "The Weeknd samples which '80s megahit in \"Blinding Lights?\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "\"Take On Me\" by A-ha", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is a baseball hat?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A baseball hat is a fabric hat with a bill on the front that shades the eyes from the sun. It is referred to as a baseball hat because all baseball players wear this style of hat while in the field playing defense, and they have their team’s logo on the front of the hat. Many people, however, refer to a hat as a baseball hat if it is a fabric material with a front bill, even if it does not have the logo of a baseball team on the front.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Select the odd word from this list and explain why:\nChair\nSofa\nTable\nDinosaur\nCupboard", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Dinosaur is the odd word in this list. All of the other words are items of furniture, but dinosaurs are large extinct reptiles, not items of furniture.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Name 5 different vegetables. List them with dashes", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- Carrot\n- Kale\n- Broccoli\n- Cabbage\n- Potato", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Based on the following passage regarding the economy of Sweden, what is the economic sector that accounts for the largest output?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nSweden is an export-oriented mixed economy featuring a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Sweden's engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Telecommunications, the automotive industry and the pharmaceutical industries are also of great importance. Agriculture accounts for 2 percent of GDP and employment. The armaments industry has a technologically highly advanced reputation.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "According to this passage, the engineering sector accounts for the largest output, generating 50% of output and exports.", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Give me a bulleted list of the 5 oldest countries in the world:", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Here are the 5 oldest countries in the world:\n\n- Egypt\n- Greece\n- Hungary\n- France\n- Japan", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are some vacation ideas this summer?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Summer is a great time to go on vacation especially to enjoy the outdoor. Most commonly visited places during summer are beaches for some water fun, mountains if looking for a calm retreat, a nice lake with recreation options or even a amusement parks since it's holiday time for kids.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Who wrote the music and lyrics for Replay?\n\nText: \"\"\"\n\"Tomorrow\" is a show tune from the musical Annie, with music by Charles Strouse and lyrics by Martin Charnin, published in 1977. The number was originally written as \"Replay\" (The Way We Live Now) for the 1970 short film Replay, with both music and lyrics by Strouse.\n\nIn 1972 Strouse, and Thomas Meehan began working on a musical based on the Little Orphan Annie comic strips, Annie. Strouse contributed a reworked version of \"Replay\" as \"Tomorrow\". \"Annie\" took until 1976 to reach Broadway and during that time Strouse reworked \"Replay\" again for possible use in what became \"Charlie and Algernon\", a musical version of Daniel Keyes's Flowers for Algernon with book by playwright David Rogers although it was not ultimately used. \"\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Charles Strouse", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "What's the most important thing in a marriage?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "There're many important things in a marriage and it's hard to say what is the most important. For example, expectation management is very important. Most disappointments or arguments in a marriage come from when your partner fails to meet our expectations. It's important to communicate your expectations of each other regularly. It's also important to remember that what work for other couples or whatever the social norms are may not apply for you, and that is ok.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Explain Business Intelligence", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Business intelligence (BI) comprises of the strategies and technologies used by enterprises for the analysis of data and the management of business information. Business Intelligence software is responsible for ingesting business data and presenting it in user-friendly formats such as reports, dashboards, charts and graphs.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "What book was the musical Hamilton based on?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nHamilton is a sung-and-rapped-through musical with music, lyrics, and a book by Lin-Manuel Miranda, based on the 2004 book Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow. The musical tells the story of American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton. Composed over a seven-year period from 2008 to 2015, Miranda says Hamilton was originally a hip hop concept album in his head. The show draws heavily from hip hop, as well as R&B, pop, soul, and traditional-style show tunes. It casts non-white actors as the Founding Fathers of the United States and other historical figures. Miranda described Hamilton as about \"America then, as told by America now.\"\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hamilton, the musical was based on the 2004 book Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "What is the difference between Hunter, Jumper, and Equitation horseback riding?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The biggest difference between Hunter, Jumper, and Equitation horseback riding is the way they are judged. Hunters are scored by the way the horse looks, Jumpers are scored on time and the number of faults over jumps, and Equitation is scored on the performance and style of the rider.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Norman Osborne, Joker", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Joker is DC, Norman Osborne is Marvel", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Is social media good for you ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "There are conflicting views on the impact of social media. On the positive end, social media has enabled stronger connections between humans, democratized media creation and access and become a source of entertainment for millions around the world. On the negative end, it has fostered division between people with differing opinions, used as a means to spread misinformation, contributed to self-esteem issues stemming from mischaracterization of life and contributed towards productivity loss.\n\nIn summary, it is safe to conclude that the benefits of social media outdo its negative impact.", "role": "assistant" } ]
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Write a poem about choosing a sport", "role": "user" }, { "content": "what sport should I play?\nI would have to do it every day\n\nI should swim \nit would make me slim\n\nIn soccer I can kick the ball\n But I always fall\n\nIn the summer I can surf\nalthough Its very different from turf\n\nSoftball is out of the question\nI would rather do dissection\n\nI don't know what to choose\nI will probably always lose\n\nI can choose what to play\nanother day", "role": "assistant" } ]
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Tell me whether these are cats or dogs: French Bulldogs, Ragdoll, British Shorthair, Labrador, Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, Maine Coon, Poodles, Bulldogs, Persian, Rottweilers, Devon Rex, Beagles.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "French Bulldogs are a type of dog.\nRagdoll is a type of cat.\nBritish Shorthair is a type of cat.\nLabrador Retrievers are a type of dog.\nGolden Retrievers are a type of dog.\nGerman Shepherds are a type of dog.\nMaine Coon is a type of cat.\nPoodles are a type of dog.\nBulldogs are a type of dog.\nPersian is a type of cat.\nRottweilers are a type of dog.\nDevon Rex is a type of cat.\nBeagles are a type of dog.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "What is mitosis", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the \"parent\" chromosome.", "role": "assistant" } ]
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Find the price of Osborne 1 from this passage.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Osborne effect is a social phenomenon of customers canceling or deferring orders for the current, soon-to-be-obsolete product as an unexpected drawback of a company's announcing a future product prematurely. It is an example of cannibalization.\nThe term alludes to the Osborne Computer Corporation, whose second product did not become available until more than a year after it was announced. The company's subsequent bankruptcy was widely blamed on reduced sales after the announcement.\nThe Osborne Effect states that prematurely discussing future, unavailable products damages sales of existing products. The name comes from the planned replacement of the Osborne 1, an early personal computer first sold by the Osborne Computer Corporation in 1981. In 1983, founder Adam Osborne pre-announced several next-generation computer models (the Osborne Executive and Osborne Vixen), which were only prototypes, highlighting the fact that they would outperform the existing model as the prototypes dramatically cut down assembly time. A widely held belief was that sales of the Osborne 1 fell sharply as customers anticipated those more advanced systems, leading to a sales decline from which Osborne Computer was unable to recover. This belief appeared in the media almost immediately after the company's September 1983 bankruptcy:\n\nTo give the jazzy $2,495 Osborne Executive a running start, Adam began orchestrating publicity early in 1983. We, along with many other magazines, were shown the machine in locked hotel rooms. We were required not to have anything in print about it until the planned release date in mid-April. As far as we know, nothing did appear in print, but dealers heard about the plans and cancelled orders for the Osborne 1 in droves. In early April, Osborne told dealers he would be showing them the machine on a one-week tour the week of 17 April, and emphasized that the new machine was not a competitor for the Osborne 1. But dealers didn't react the way Osborne expected; said Osborne, \"All of them just cancelled their orders for the Osborne 1.\"\n\nOsborne reacted by drastically cutting prices on the Osborne 1 in an effort to stimulate cash flow. But nothing seemed to work, and for several months sales were practically non-existent.\n\nPre-announcement is done for several reasons: to reassure current customers that there is improvement or lower cost coming, to increase the interest of the media and investors in the company's future prospects, and to intimidate or confuse competitors. When done correctly, the sales or cash flow impact to the company is minimal, with the revenue drop for the current product being offset by orders or completed sales of the new product as it becomes available. However, when the Osborne effect occurs, the quantity of unsold goods increases and the company must react by discounting and/or lowering production of the current product, both of which depress cash flow.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The price of Osborne 1 is not mentioned in the passage. However, the price of its successor model Osborne Executive was $2,495.", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Best place to visit for a day from Bangalore", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. Myshore\n2. Coorg\n3. Ooty", "role": "assistant" } ]
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Which US state is best for observing the aurora borealis phenomenon?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Alaska is the best US state to see the Northern Lights as it is situated the furthest to the North Pole.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Where is the Lighthouse Point, Bahamas\n\nText: \"\"\"\nLighthouse Point, Bahamas, or simply Lighthouse Point, is a private peninsula in The Bahamas which serves as an exclusive port for the Disney Cruise Line ships. It is located in the south-eastern region of Bannerman Town, Eleuthera. In March 2019, The Walt Disney Company purchased the peninsula from the Bahamian government, giving the company control over the area.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Lighthouse Point, Bahamas, or simply Lighthouse Point, is a private peninsula in the Bahamas which serves as an exclusive port for the Disney Cruise Line ships. It is located in the south-eastern region of Bannerman Town, Eleuthera.", "role": "assistant" } ]
summarization
[ { "content": "Given this paragraph about the history of the Calgary Flames hockey team, what year did the Calgary Flames win their only Stanley Cup\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe team was founded in 1972 in Atlanta as the Atlanta Flames before relocating to Calgary in 1980. The Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into the Scotiabank Saddledome (originally the Olympic Saddledome) in 1983. In 1985–86, the Flames became the first Calgary team since the 1923–24 Tigers to compete for the Stanley Cup. In 1988–89, the Flames won their first and only Stanley Cup title. The Flames' unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals gave rise to the Red Mile, and in 2011, the team hosted and won the second Heritage Classic outdoor game.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Calgary Flames won their only Stanley Cup in 1989", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Which notable person in this list with surname Liebers was born last?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nLiebers is a German language surname. Notable people with the name include:\n\nMario Liebers (born 1960), German former competitive figure skater\nMartin Liebers (born 1985), German former competitive figure skater\nMatthias Liebers (born 1958), former German footballer\nPeter Liebers (born 1988), German former figure skater.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Peter Liebers", "role": "assistant" } ]
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Agiarut, Agung", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Agung is percussion, Agiarut is string.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "What is non dual philosophy?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The word non dual refers to things or experiences that happen to us which has the characteristics of uniformity. As an example in daily life we see or experience highs and lows, haves and have nots that result in emotions or feelings of happiness or sadness. The concept of non duality is to go deep within and understand that everything is temporary, and experience things before human thought labels each experience as good or bad.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Can you tell me what of these are capital cities of their respective countries? Manchester, Madrid, Paris, Milan, London and Munich", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A capital city is the city where the government of the country resides. From the previous lists only Madrid, Paris and London are capital cities. Manchester, Milan and Munich are large and important cities in Europe but they are not their country's capital. Some cities like Milan might be consider their country's economic capital as they are the main economic hub of Italy but they are still not their capital city which is Rome.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, how many words did the BookCorpus have when it was used to train the first model in OpenAI's GPT series trained in 2018?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nA large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks.\n\nProperties\nThough the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.\n\nThough trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to \"memorize\" a great quantity of facts during training.\n\nHallucinations\nMain article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence)\nIn artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a \"hallucination\" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data.\n\nEmergent abilities\n\nOn a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities.\nUnpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called \"emergent abilities\". Researchers note that such abilities \"cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models\". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs.\n\nArchitecture and training\nLarge language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or \"filling in the blanks\", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus.\n\nThe earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens.\n\nLLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million.\n\nA 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters).\n\nApplication to downstream tasks\nBetween 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via \"prompting\" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions.\n\nFine-tuning\nMain article: Fine-tuning (machine learning)\nFine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be \"frozen\", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen).\n\nPrompting\nSee also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing)\nIn the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In \"few-shot prompting\", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows:\n\nReview: This movie stinks.\nSentiment: negative\n\nReview: This movie is fantastic!\nSentiment:\n\nIf the model outputs \"positive\", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be \"The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is\".\n\nFew-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering.\n\nInstruction tuning\nInstruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt \"Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet.\" might provide a completion such as \"A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17.\" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, \"self-instruct\", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples).\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "985 million words.", "role": "assistant" } ]
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Why Miami is so humid?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It is so humid because it is part of a sub-tropical region of the Americas. Composed of two seasons, a dry and a wet season. Temperatures are stable all year round.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "Tell me which one does not fit with the group: Football, Volleyball, Cricket, Chess, Hockey", "role": "user" }, { "content": "All except Chess are outdoor games.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Who are some famous classical composers?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Some well known classical composers are Mozart, Bach and Beethoven", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "How many planets make up the Solar System?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "There are 8 planets in the solar system. Mercury is the smallest and closest to the Sun. Venus is the second closest to the Sun. Earth, our home planet, is the third planet closest to the Sun followed by Mars. After the asteroid belt is Jupiter, the fifth and biggest planet in the Solar System. Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the last planets in the Solar System.\n\nOriginally the Solar System was said to have 9 planets until 2006 when the term \"planet\" was redefined to exclude \"dwarf planets\". This results in the exclusion of the ninth and farthest away planet, Pluto, reducing the count of planets in the Solar System to current count of 8.", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "What was the Great Depression?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Great Depression (1929–1939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagion began around September and led to the Wall Street stock market crash of October 24 (Black Thursday). It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century.\n\nBetween 1929 and 1932, worldwide gross domestic product (GDP) fell by an estimated 15%. By comparison, worldwide GDP fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the Great Recession. Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s. However, in many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II. Devastating effects were seen in both rich and poor countries with falling personal income, prices, tax revenues, and profits. International trade fell by more than 50%, unemployment in the U.S. rose to 23% and in some countries rose as high as 33%.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa
[ { "content": "Tell me whether these are flowers or fruit: apples, oranges, pineapples, bananas, strawberries, daisies, sunflowers, roses, poppies", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Apples are a fruit.\nOranges are a fruit.\nPineapples are a fruit.\nBananas are a fruit.\nStrawberries are a fruit.\nDaisies are a flower.\nSunflowers are a flower.\nRoses are a flower.\nPoppies are a flower.", "role": "assistant" } ]
classification
[ { "content": "Let's play a game of tic tac toe. I'll be X and you be O. Unplayed squares will be \"_\". I'll get first.\n\n_ _ _\n_ O _\n_ _ _", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Fun! Here's my next move:\n\n_ _ _\n_ O X\n_ _ _", "role": "assistant" } ]
general_qa
[ { "content": "What is a forest?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A forest is a geographical region where trees predominate.", "role": "assistant" } ]
open_qa