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README.md

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----
-annotations_creators:
-- machine-generated
-language_creators:
-- crowdsourced
-language:
-- en
-license:
-- unknown
-multilinguality:
-- monolingual
-size_categories:
-- 100M<n<1B
-- 10M<n<100M
-- 1M<n<10M
-source_datasets:
-- original
-task_categories:
-- text-retrieval
-task_ids:
-- entity-linking-retrieval
-- fact-checking-retrieval
-paperswithcode_id: nell
-pretty_name: Never Ending Language Learning (NELL)
-configs:
-- nell_belief
-- nell_belief_sentences
-- nell_candidate
-- nell_candidate_sentences
-tags:
-- relation-extraction
-- text-to-structured
-- text-to-tabular
-dataset_info:
-- config_name: nell_belief
-  features:
-  - name: entity
-    dtype: string
-  - name: relation
-    dtype: string
-  - name: value
-    dtype: string
-  - name: iteration_of_promotion
-    dtype: string
-  - name: score
-    dtype: string
-  - name: source
-    dtype: string
-  - name: entity_literal_strings
-    dtype: string
-  - name: value_literal_strings
-    dtype: string
-  - name: best_entity_literal_string
-    dtype: string
-  - name: best_value_literal_string
-    dtype: string
-  - name: categories_for_entity
-    dtype: string
-  - name: categories_for_value
-    dtype: string
-  - name: candidate_source
-    dtype: string
-  splits:
-  - name: train
-    num_bytes: 4592559704
-    num_examples: 2766079
-  download_size: 929107246
-  dataset_size: 4592559704
-- config_name: nell_candidate
-  features:
-  - name: entity
-    dtype: string
-  - name: relation
-    dtype: string
-  - name: value
-    dtype: string
-  - name: iteration_of_promotion
-    dtype: string
-  - name: score
-    dtype: string
-  - name: source
-    dtype: string
-  - name: entity_literal_strings
-    dtype: string
-  - name: value_literal_strings
-    dtype: string
-  - name: best_entity_literal_string
-    dtype: string
-  - name: best_value_literal_string
-    dtype: string
-  - name: categories_for_entity
-    dtype: string
-  - name: categories_for_value
-    dtype: string
-  - name: candidate_source
-    dtype: string
-  splits:
-  - name: train
-    num_bytes: 23497433060
-    num_examples: 32687353
-  download_size: 2687057812
-  dataset_size: 23497433060
-- config_name: nell_belief_sentences
-  features:
-  - name: entity
-    dtype: string
-  - name: relation
-    dtype: string
-  - name: value
-    dtype: string
-  - name: score
-    dtype: string
-  - name: sentence
-    dtype: string
-  - name: count
-    dtype: int32
-  - name: url
-    dtype: string
-  - name: sentence_type
-    dtype: string
-  splits:
-  - name: train
-    num_bytes: 4459368426
-    num_examples: 21031531
-  download_size: 929107246
-  dataset_size: 4459368426
-- config_name: nell_candidate_sentences
-  features:
-  - name: entity
-    dtype: string
-  - name: relation
-    dtype: string
-  - name: value
-    dtype: string
-  - name: score
-    dtype: string
-  - name: sentence
-    dtype: string
-  - name: count
-    dtype: int32
-  - name: url
-    dtype: string
-  - name: sentence_type
-    dtype: string
-  splits:
-  - name: train
-    num_bytes: 20058197787
-    num_examples: 100866414
-  download_size: 2687057812
-  dataset_size: 20058197787
----
-
-# Dataset Card for Never Ending Language Learning (NELL)
-
-## Table of Contents
-- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
-  - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
-  - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
-  - [Languages](#languages)
-- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
-  - [Data Instances](#data-instances)
-  - [Data Fields](#data-fields)
-  - [Data Splits](#data-splits)
-- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
-  - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
-  - [Source Data](#source-data)
-  - [Annotations](#annotations)
-  - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
-- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
-  - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
-  - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
-  - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
-- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
-  - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
-  - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
-  - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
-  - [Contributions](#contributions)
-
-## Dataset Description
-
-- **Homepage:**
-http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/
-- **Repository:**
-http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/
-- **Paper:**
-Never-Ending Learning.
-T. Mitchell, W. Cohen, E. Hruschka, P. Talukdar, J. Betteridge, A. Carlson, B. Dalvi, M. Gardner, B. Kisiel, J. Krishnamurthy, N. Lao, K. Mazaitis, T. Mohamed, N. Nakashole, E. Platanios, A. Ritter, M. Samadi, B. Settles, R. Wang, D. Wijaya, A. Gupta, X. Chen, A. Saparov, M. Greaves, J. Welling. In Proceedings of the Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2015
-
-### Dataset Summary
-
-This dataset provides version 1115 of the belief
-extracted by CMU's Never Ending Language Learner (NELL) and version
-1110 of the candidate belief extracted by NELL. See
-http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/overview.  NELL is an open information
-extraction system that attempts to read the Clueweb09 of 500 million
-web pages (http://boston.lti.cs.cmu.edu/Data/clueweb09/) and general
-web searches.
-
-The dataset has 4 configurations: nell_belief, nell_candidate,
-nell_belief_sentences, and nell_candidate_sentences. nell_belief is
-certainties of belief are lower. The two sentences config extracts the
-CPL sentence patterns filled with the applicable 'best' literal string
-for the entities filled into the sentence patterns. And also provides
-sentences found using web searches containing the entities and
-relationships.
-
-There are roughly 21M entries for nell_belief_sentences, and 100M
-sentences for nell_candidate_sentences.
-
-From the NELL website:
-
-- **Research Goal**
-To build a never-ending machine learning system that acquires the ability to extract structured information from unstructured web pages. If successful, this will result in a knowledge base (i.e., a relational database) of structured information that mirrors the content of the Web. We call this system NELL (Never-Ending Language Learner).
-
-- **Approach**
-The inputs to NELL include (1) an initial ontology defining hundreds of categories (e.g., person, sportsTeam, fruit, emotion) and relations (e.g., playsOnTeam(athlete,sportsTeam), playsInstrument(musician,instrument)) that NELL is expected to read about, and (2) 10 to 15 seed examples of each category and relation.
-
-Given these inputs, plus a collection of 500 million web pages and access to the remainder of the web through search engine APIs, NELL runs 24 hours per day, continuously, to perform two ongoing tasks:
-
-Extract new instances of categories and relations. In other words, find noun phrases that represent new examples of the input categories (e.g., "Barack Obama" is a person and politician), and find pairs of noun phrases that correspond to instances of the input relations (e.g., the pair "Jason Giambi" and "Yankees" is an instance of the playsOnTeam relation). These new instances are added to the growing knowledge base of structured beliefs.
-Learn to read better than yesterday. NELL uses a variety of methods to extract beliefs from the web. These are retrained, using the growing knowledge base as a self-supervised collection of training examples. The result is a semi-supervised learning method that couples the training of hundreds of different extraction methods for a wide range of categories and relations. Much of NELL’s current success is due to its algorithm for coupling the simultaneous training of many extraction methods.
-
-For more information, see: http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/resources
-
-### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
-
-[More Information Needed]
-
-### Languages
-en, and perhaps some others
-
-## Dataset Structure
-
-### Data Instances
-
-There are four configurations for the dataset: nell_belief, nell_candidate, nell_belief_sentences, nell_candidate_sentences. 
-
-nell_belief and nell_candidate defines:
-
-``
-{'best_entity_literal_string': 'Aspect Medical Systems',
- 'best_value_literal_string': '',
- 'candidate_source': '%5BSEAL-Iter%3A215-2011%2F02%2F26-04%3A27%3A09-%3Ctoken%3Daspect_medical_systems%2Cbiotechcompany%3E-From%3ACategory%3Abiotechcompany-using-KB+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unionegroup.com%2Fhealthcare%2Fmfg_info.htm+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conventionspc.com%2Fcompanies.html%2C+CPL-Iter%3A1103-2018%2F03%2F08-15%3A32%3A34-%3Ctoken%3Daspect_medical_systems%2Cbiotechcompany%3E-grant+support+from+_%092%09research+support+from+_%094%09unrestricted+educational+grant+from+_%092%09educational+grant+from+_%092%09research+grant+support+from+_%091%09various+financial+management+positions+at+_%091%5D',
- 'categories_for_entity': 'concept:biotechcompany',
- 'categories_for_value': 'concept:company',
- 'entity': 'concept:biotechcompany:aspect_medical_systems',
- 'entity_literal_strings': '"Aspect Medical Systems" "aspect medical systems"',
- 'iteration_of_promotion': '1103',
- 'relation': 'generalizations',
- 'score': '0.9244426550775064',
- 'source': 'MBL-Iter%3A1103-2018%2F03%2F18-01%3A35%3A42-From+ErrorBasedIntegrator+%28SEAL%28aspect_medical_systems%2Cbiotechcompany%29%2C+CPL%28aspect_medical_systems%2Cbiotechcompany%29%29',
- 'value': 'concept:biotechcompany',
- 'value_literal_strings': ''}
-``
-
-nell_belief_sentences, nell_candidate_sentences defines:
-
-``
-{'count': 4,
- 'entity': 'biotechcompany:aspect_medical_systems',
- 'relation': 'generalizations',
- 'score': '0.9244426550775064',
- 'sentence': 'research support from [[ Aspect Medical Systems ]]',
- 'sentence_type': 'CPL',
- 'url': '',
- 'value': 'biotechcompany'}
-``
-
-### Data Fields
-
-For nell_belief and nell_canddiate configurations. From http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/faq:
-* entity: The Entity part of the (Entity, Relation, Value) tripple. Note that this will be the name of a concept and is not the literal string of characters seen by NELL from some text source, nor does it indicate the category membership of that concept
-* relation: The Relation part of the (Entity, Relation, Value) tripple. In the case of a category instance, this will be "generalizations". In the case of a relation instance, this will be the name of the relation.
-* value: The Value part of the (Entity, Relation, Value) tripple. In the case of a category instance, this will be the name of the category. In the case of a relation instance, this will be another concept (like Entity).
-* iteration_of_promotion: The point in NELL's life at which this category or relation instance was promoted to one that NELL beleives to be true. This is a non-negative integer indicating the number of iterations of bootstrapping NELL had gone through.
-* score: A confidence score for the belief. Note that NELL's scores are not actually probabilistic at this time.
-* source: A summary of the provenance for the belief indicating the set of learning subcomponents (CPL, SEAL, etc.) that had submitted this belief as being potentially true.
-* entity_literal_strings: The set of actual textual strings that NELL has read that it believes can refer to the concept indicated in the Entity column.
-* value_literal_strings: For relations, the set of actual textual strings that NELL has read that it believes can refer to the concept indicated in the Value column. For categories, this should be empty but may contain something spurious.
-* best_entity_literal_string: Of the set of strings in the Entity literalStrings, column, which one string can best be used to describe the concept.
-* best_value_literal_string: Same thing, but for Value literalStrings.
-* categories_for_entity: The full set of categories (which may be empty) to which NELL belives the concept indicated in the Entity column to belong.
-* categories_for_value: For relations, the full set of categories (which may be empty) to which NELL believes the concept indicated in the Value column to belong. For categories, this should be empty but may contain something spurious.
-* candidate_source: A free-form amalgamation of more specific provenance information describing the justification(s) NELL has for possibly believing this category or relation instance.
-
-For the nell_belief_sentences and nell_candidate_sentences, we have extracted the underlying sentences, sentence count and URLs and provided a shortened version of the entity, relation and value field by removing the string "concept:" and "candidate:". There are two types of sentences, 'CPL' and 'OE', which are generated by two of the modules of NELL, pattern matching and open web searching, respectively. There may be duplicates. The configuration is as follows:
-* entity: The Entity part of the (Entity, Relation, Value) tripple. Note that this will be the name of a concept and is not the literal string of characters seen by NELL from some text source, nor does it indicate the category membership of that concept
-* relation: The Relation part of the (Entity, Relation, Value) tripple. In the case of a category instance, this will be "generalizations". In the case of a relation instance, this will be the name of the relation.
-* value: The Value part of the (Entity, Relation, Value) tripple. In the case of a category instance, this will be the name of the category. In the case of a relation instance, this will be another concept (like Entity).
-* score: A confidence score for the belief. Note that NELL's scores are not actually probabilistic at this time.
-* sentence: the raw sentence. For 'CPL' type sentences, there are "[[" "]]" arounds the entity and value. For 'OE' type sentences, there are no "[[" and "]]".
-* url: the url if there is one from which this sentence was extracted
-* count: the count for this sentence
-* sentence_type: either 'CPL' or 'OE'
-
-### Data Splits
-
-There are no splits. 
-
-## Dataset Creation
-
-### Curation Rationale
-
-This dataset was gathered and created over many years of running the NELL system on web data.
-
-### Source Data
-
-#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
-
-See the research paper on NELL. NELL searches a subset of the web
-(Clueweb09) and the open web using various open information extraction
-algorithms, including pattern matching.
-
-#### Who are the source language producers?
-
-The NELL authors at Carnegie Mellon Univiersty and data from Cluebweb09 and the open web. 
-
-### Annotations
-
-#### Annotation process
-
-The various open information extraction modules of NELL.
-
-#### Who are the annotators?
-
-Machine annotated.
-
-### Personal and Sensitive Information
-
-Unkown, but likely there are names of famous individuals.
-
-## Considerations for Using the Data
-
-### Social Impact of Dataset
-
-The goal for the work is to help machines learn to read and understand the web.
-
-### Discussion of Biases
-
-Since the data is gathered from the web, there is likely to be biased text and relationships.
-
-[More Information Needed]
-
-### Other Known Limitations
-
-The relationships and concepts gathered from NELL are not 100% accurate, and there could be errors (maybe as high as 30% error). 
-See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never-Ending_Language_Learning
-
-We did not 'tag' the entity and value in the 'OE' sentences, and this might be an extension in the future.
-
-## Additional Information
-
-### Dataset Curators
-
-The authors of NELL at Carnegie Mellon Univeristy
-
-### Licensing Information
-
-There does not appear to be a license on http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/resources. The data is made available by CMU on the web. 
-
-### Citation Information
-@inproceedings{mitchell2015,
-  added-at = {2015-01-27T15:35:24.000+0100},
-  author = {Mitchell, T. and Cohen, W. and Hruscha, E. and Talukdar, P. and Betteridge, J. and Carlson, A. and Dalvi, B. and Gardner, M. and Kisiel, B. and Krishnamurthy, J. and Lao, N. and Mazaitis, K. and Mohammad, T. and Nakashole, N. and Platanios, E. and Ritter, A. and Samadi, M. and Settles, B. and Wang, R. and Wijaya, D. and Gupta, A. and Chen, X. and Saparov, A. and Greaves, M. and Welling, J.},
-  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/263070703e6bb812852cca56574aed093/hotho},
-  booktitle = {AAAI},
-  description = {Papers by William W. Cohen},
-  interhash = {52d0d71f6f5b332dabc1412f18e3a93d},
-  intrahash = {63070703e6bb812852cca56574aed093},
-  keywords = {learning nell ontology semantic toread},
-  note = {: Never-Ending Learning in AAAI-2015},
-  timestamp = {2015-01-27T15:35:24.000+0100},
-  title = {Never-Ending Learning},
-  url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wcohen/pubs.html},
-  year = 2015
-}
-
-
-### Contributions
-
-Thanks to [@ontocord](https://github.com/ontocord) for adding this dataset.

dataset_infos.json

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"nell_belief": {"description": "This dataset provides version 1115 of the belief\nextracted by CMU's Never Ending Language Learner (NELL) and version\n1110 of the candidate belief extracted by NELL. See\nhttp://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/overview.  NELL is an open information\nextraction system that attempts to read the Clueweb09 of 500 million\nweb pages (http://boston.lti.cs.cmu.edu/Data/clueweb09/) and general\nweb searches.\n\nThe dataset has 4 configurations: nell_belief, nell_candidate,\nnell_belief_sentences, and nell_candidate_sentences. nell_belief is\ncertainties of belief are lower. The two sentences config extracts the\nCPL sentence patterns filled with the applicable 'best' literal string\nfor the entities filled into the sentence patterns. And also provides\nsentences found using web searches containing the entities and\nrelationships.\n\nThere are roughly 21M entries for nell_belief_sentences, and 100M\nsentences for nell_candidate_sentences.\n", "citation": "@inproceedings{mitchell2015,\n  added-at = {2015-01-27T15:35:24.000+0100},\n  author = {Mitchell, T. and Cohen, W. and Hruscha, E. and Talukdar, P. and Betteridge, J. and Carlson, A. and Dalvi, B. and Gardner, M. and Kisiel, B. and Krishnamurthy, J. and Lao, N. and Mazaitis, K. and Mohammad, T. and Nakashole, N. and Platanios, E. and Ritter, A. and Samadi, M. and Settles, B. and Wang, R. and Wijaya, D. and Gupta, A. and Chen, X. and Saparov, A. and Greaves, M. and Welling, J.},\n  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/263070703e6bb812852cca56574aed093/hotho},\n  booktitle = {AAAI},\n  description = {Papers by William W. Cohen},\n  interhash = {52d0d71f6f5b332dabc1412f18e3a93d},\n  intrahash = {63070703e6bb812852cca56574aed093},\n  keywords = {learning nell ontology semantic toread},\n  note = {: Never-Ending Learning in AAAI-2015},\n  timestamp = {2015-01-27T15:35:24.000+0100},\n  title = {Never-Ending Learning},\n  url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wcohen/pubs.html},\n  year = 2015\n}\n", "homepage": "http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/", "license": "\n", "features": {"entity": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "relation": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "value": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "iteration_of_promotion": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "score": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "source": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "entity_literal_strings": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "value_literal_strings": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "best_entity_literal_string": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "best_value_literal_string": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "categories_for_entity": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "categories_for_value": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "candidate_source": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "nell", "config_name": "nell_belief", "version": {"version_str": "1115.0.0", "description": null, "major": 1115, "minor": 0, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"train": {"name": "train", "num_bytes": 4592559704, "num_examples": 2766079, "dataset_name": "nell"}}, "download_checksums": {"http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/resources/results/08m/NELL.08m.1115.esv.csv.gz": {"num_bytes": 929107246, "checksum": "f2f09961fc5f362597b967ce98fc43790cb5de921d98a866c1e48aa1c8be4f67"}}, "download_size": 929107246, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 4592559704, "size_in_bytes": 5521666950}, "nell_candidate": {"description": "This dataset provides version 1115 of the belief\nextracted by CMU's Never Ending Language Learner (NELL) and version\n1110 of the candidate belief extracted by NELL. 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And also provides\nsentences found using web searches containing the entities and\nrelationships.\n\nThere are roughly 21M entries for nell_belief_sentences, and 100M\nsentences for nell_candidate_sentences.\n", "citation": "@inproceedings{mitchell2015,\n  added-at = {2015-01-27T15:35:24.000+0100},\n  author = {Mitchell, T. and Cohen, W. and Hruscha, E. and Talukdar, P. and Betteridge, J. and Carlson, A. and Dalvi, B. and Gardner, M. and Kisiel, B. and Krishnamurthy, J. and Lao, N. and Mazaitis, K. and Mohammad, T. and Nakashole, N. and Platanios, E. and Ritter, A. and Samadi, M. and Settles, B. and Wang, R. and Wijaya, D. and Gupta, A. and Chen, X. and Saparov, A. and Greaves, M. and Welling, J.},\n  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/263070703e6bb812852cca56574aed093/hotho},\n  booktitle = {AAAI},\n  description = {Papers by William W. Cohen},\n  interhash = {52d0d71f6f5b332dabc1412f18e3a93d},\n  intrahash = {63070703e6bb812852cca56574aed093},\n  keywords = {learning nell ontology semantic toread},\n  note = {: Never-Ending Learning in AAAI-2015},\n  timestamp = {2015-01-27T15:35:24.000+0100},\n  title = {Never-Ending Learning},\n  url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wcohen/pubs.html},\n  year = 2015\n}\n", "homepage": "http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/", "license": "\n", "features": {"entity": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "relation": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "value": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "iteration_of_promotion": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "score": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "source": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "entity_literal_strings": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "value_literal_strings": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "best_entity_literal_string": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "best_value_literal_string": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "categories_for_entity": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "categories_for_value": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "candidate_source": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "nell", "config_name": "nell_candidate", "version": {"version_str": "1110.0.0", "description": null, "major": 1110, "minor": 0, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"train": {"name": "train", "num_bytes": 23497433060, "num_examples": 32687353, "dataset_name": "nell"}}, "download_checksums": {"http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/resources/results/08m/NELL.08m.1110.cesv.csv.gz": {"num_bytes": 2687057812, "checksum": "d07e443c8dd5f799c71a42648bc6a90beff0fe6900b69d4c470b3323a0dbe244"}}, "download_size": 2687057812, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 23497433060, "size_in_bytes": 26184490872}, "nell_belief_sentences": {"description": "This dataset provides version 1115 of the belief\nextracted by CMU's Never Ending Language Learner (NELL) and version\n1110 of the candidate belief extracted by NELL. See\nhttp://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/overview.  NELL is an open information\nextraction system that attempts to read the Clueweb09 of 500 million\nweb pages (http://boston.lti.cs.cmu.edu/Data/clueweb09/) and general\nweb searches.\n\nThe dataset has 4 configurations: nell_belief, nell_candidate,\nnell_belief_sentences, and nell_candidate_sentences. nell_belief is\ncertainties of belief are lower. The two sentences config extracts the\nCPL sentence patterns filled with the applicable 'best' literal string\nfor the entities filled into the sentence patterns. And also provides\nsentences found using web searches containing the entities and\nrelationships.\n\nThere are roughly 21M entries for nell_belief_sentences, and 100M\nsentences for nell_candidate_sentences.\n", "citation": "@inproceedings{mitchell2015,\n  added-at = {2015-01-27T15:35:24.000+0100},\n  author = {Mitchell, T. and Cohen, W. and Hruscha, E. and Talukdar, P. and Betteridge, J. and Carlson, A. and Dalvi, B. and Gardner, M. and Kisiel, B. and Krishnamurthy, J. and Lao, N. and Mazaitis, K. and Mohammad, T. and Nakashole, N. and Platanios, E. and Ritter, A. and Samadi, M. and Settles, B. and Wang, R. and Wijaya, D. and Gupta, A. and Chen, X. and Saparov, A. and Greaves, M. and Welling, J.},\n  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/263070703e6bb812852cca56574aed093/hotho},\n  booktitle = {AAAI},\n  description = {Papers by William W. Cohen},\n  interhash = {52d0d71f6f5b332dabc1412f18e3a93d},\n  intrahash = {63070703e6bb812852cca56574aed093},\n  keywords = {learning nell ontology semantic toread},\n  note = {: Never-Ending Learning in AAAI-2015},\n  timestamp = {2015-01-27T15:35:24.000+0100},\n  title = {Never-Ending Learning},\n  url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wcohen/pubs.html},\n  year = 2015\n}\n", "homepage": "http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/", "license": "\n", "features": {"entity": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "relation": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "value": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "score": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "sentence": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "count": {"dtype": "int32", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "url": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "sentence_type": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "nell", "config_name": "nell_belief_sentences", "version": {"version_str": "1115.0.0", "description": null, "major": 1115, "minor": 0, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"train": {"name": "train", "num_bytes": 4459368426, "num_examples": 21031531, "dataset_name": "nell"}}, "download_checksums": {"http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/resources/results/08m/NELL.08m.1115.esv.csv.gz": {"num_bytes": 929107246, "checksum": "f2f09961fc5f362597b967ce98fc43790cb5de921d98a866c1e48aa1c8be4f67"}}, "download_size": 929107246, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 4459368426, "size_in_bytes": 5388475672}, "nell_candidate_sentences": {"description": "This dataset provides version 1115 of the belief\nextracted by CMU's Never Ending Language Learner (NELL) and version\n1110 of the candidate belief extracted by NELL. See\nhttp://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/overview.  NELL is an open information\nextraction system that attempts to read the Clueweb09 of 500 million\nweb pages (http://boston.lti.cs.cmu.edu/Data/clueweb09/) and general\nweb searches.\n\nThe dataset has 4 configurations: nell_belief, nell_candidate,\nnell_belief_sentences, and nell_candidate_sentences. nell_belief is\ncertainties of belief are lower. The two sentences config extracts the\nCPL sentence patterns filled with the applicable 'best' literal string\nfor the entities filled into the sentence patterns. And also provides\nsentences found using web searches containing the entities and\nrelationships.\n\nThere are roughly 21M entries for nell_belief_sentences, and 100M\nsentences for nell_candidate_sentences.\n", "citation": "@inproceedings{mitchell2015,\n  added-at = {2015-01-27T15:35:24.000+0100},\n  author = {Mitchell, T. and Cohen, W. and Hruscha, E. and Talukdar, P. and Betteridge, J. and Carlson, A. and Dalvi, B. and Gardner, M. and Kisiel, B. and Krishnamurthy, J. and Lao, N. and Mazaitis, K. and Mohammad, T. and Nakashole, N. and Platanios, E. and Ritter, A. and Samadi, M. and Settles, B. and Wang, R. and Wijaya, D. and Gupta, A. and Chen, X. and Saparov, A. and Greaves, M. and Welling, J.},\n  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/263070703e6bb812852cca56574aed093/hotho},\n  booktitle = {AAAI},\n  description = {Papers by William W. Cohen},\n  interhash = {52d0d71f6f5b332dabc1412f18e3a93d},\n  intrahash = {63070703e6bb812852cca56574aed093},\n  keywords = {learning nell ontology semantic toread},\n  note = {: Never-Ending Learning in AAAI-2015},\n  timestamp = {2015-01-27T15:35:24.000+0100},\n  title = {Never-Ending Learning},\n  url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wcohen/pubs.html},\n  year = 2015\n}\n", "homepage": "http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/", "license": "\n", "features": {"entity": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "relation": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "value": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "score": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "sentence": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "count": {"dtype": "int32", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "url": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "sentence_type": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "nell", "config_name": "nell_candidate_sentences", "version": "1110.0.0", "splits": {"train": {"name": "train", "num_bytes": 20058197787, "num_examples": 100866414, "dataset_name": "nell"}}, "download_checksums": {"http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/resources/results/08m/NELL.08m.1110.cesv.csv.gz": {"num_bytes": 2687057812, "checksum": "d07e443c8dd5f799c71a42648bc6a90beff0fe6900b69d4c470b3323a0dbe244"}}, "download_size": 2687057812, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 20058197787, "size_in_bytes": 22745255599}}

nell.py

@@ -1,230 +0,0 @@
-# coding=utf-8
-# Copyright 2020 The HuggingFace Datasets Authors and the current dataset script contributor.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-"""NELL: Never Ending Language Learner"""
-
-
-from html import unescape
-from urllib.parse import unquote
-
-import datasets
-
-
-_CITATION = """\
-@inproceedings{mitchell2015,
-  added-at = {2015-01-27T15:35:24.000+0100},
-  author = {Mitchell, T. and Cohen, W. and Hruscha, E. and Talukdar, P. and Betteridge, J. and Carlson, A. and Dalvi, B. and Gardner, M. and Kisiel, B. and Krishnamurthy, J. and Lao, N. and Mazaitis, K. and Mohammad, T. and Nakashole, N. and Platanios, E. and Ritter, A. and Samadi, M. and Settles, B. and Wang, R. and Wijaya, D. and Gupta, A. and Chen, X. and Saparov, A. and Greaves, M. and Welling, J.},
-  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/263070703e6bb812852cca56574aed093/hotho},
-  booktitle = {AAAI},
-  description = {Papers by William W. Cohen},
-  interhash = {52d0d71f6f5b332dabc1412f18e3a93d},
-  intrahash = {63070703e6bb812852cca56574aed093},
-  keywords = {learning nell ontology semantic toread},
-  note = {: Never-Ending Learning in AAAI-2015},
-  timestamp = {2015-01-27T15:35:24.000+0100},
-  title = {Never-Ending Learning},
-  url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wcohen/pubs.html},
-  year = 2015
-}
-"""
-
-
-_DESCRIPTION = """This dataset provides version 1115 of the belief
-extracted by CMU's Never Ending Language Learner (NELL) and version
-1110 of the candidate belief extracted by NELL. See
-http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/overview.  NELL is an open information
-extraction system that attempts to read the Clueweb09 of 500 million
-web pages (http://boston.lti.cs.cmu.edu/Data/clueweb09/) and general
-web searches.
-
-The dataset has 4 configurations: nell_belief, nell_candidate,
-nell_belief_sentences, and nell_candidate_sentences. nell_belief is
-certainties of belief are lower. The two sentences config extracts the
-CPL sentence patterns filled with the applicable 'best' literal string
-for the entities filled into the sentence patterns. And also provides
-sentences found using web searches containing the entities and
-relationships.
-
-There are roughly 21M entries for nell_belief_sentences, and 100M
-sentences for nell_candidate_sentences.
-"""
-
-
-_LICENSE = """
-"""
-
-_URLs = {
-    "nell_belief": "http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/resources/results/08m/NELL.08m.1115.esv.csv.gz",
-    "nell_candidate": "http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/resources/results/08m/NELL.08m.1110.cesv.csv.gz",
-    "nell_belief_sentences": "http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/resources/results/08m/NELL.08m.1115.esv.csv.gz",
-    "nell_candidate_sentences": "http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/resources/results/08m/NELL.08m.1110.cesv.csv.gz",
-}
-
-
-class Nell(datasets.GeneratorBasedBuilder):
-    """NELL dataset for knowledge bases and knowledge graphs and underlying sentences."""
-
-    VERSION = datasets.Version("0.1.0")
-
-    BUILDER_CONFIGS = [
-        datasets.BuilderConfig(name="nell_belief", description="The beliefs in raw data form", version="1115.0.0"),
-        datasets.BuilderConfig(
-            name="nell_candidate", description="The candidate beliefs in raw data form", version="1110.0.0"
-        ),
-        datasets.BuilderConfig(
-            name="nell_belief_sentences",
-            description="The underlying sentences available for the nell beliefs",
-            version="1115.0.0",
-        ),
-        datasets.BuilderConfig(
-            name="nell_candidate_sentences",
-            description="The underlying sentences available for the nell candidate beliefs",
-            version="1110.0.0",
-        ),
-    ]
-
-    DEFAULT_CONFIG_NAME = "nell"
-
-    def _info(self):
-        if self.config.name in ("nell_belief", "nell_candidate"):
-            features = datasets.Features(
-                {
-                    "entity": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "relation": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "value": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "iteration_of_promotion": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "score": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "source": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "entity_literal_strings": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "value_literal_strings": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "best_entity_literal_string": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "best_value_literal_string": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "categories_for_entity": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "categories_for_value": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "candidate_source": datasets.Value("string"),
-                }
-            )
-        else:
-            features = datasets.Features(
-                {
-                    "entity": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "relation": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "value": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "score": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "sentence": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "count": datasets.Value("int32"),
-                    "url": datasets.Value("string"),
-                    "sentence_type": datasets.Value("string"),
-                }
-            )
-        return datasets.DatasetInfo(
-            description=_DESCRIPTION,
-            features=features,
-            supervised_keys=None,
-            homepage="http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu/rtw/",
-            license=_LICENSE,
-            citation=_CITATION,
-        )
-
-    def _split_generators(self, dl_manager):
-        """Returns SplitGenerators."""
-        my_urls = _URLs[self.config.name]
-        data_dir = dl_manager.download_and_extract(my_urls)
-        return [
-            datasets.SplitGenerator(
-                name=datasets.Split.TRAIN,
-                gen_kwargs={
-                    "filepath": data_dir,
-                    "split": "train",
-                },
-            ),
-        ]
-
-    def _generate_examples(self, filepath, split):
-        """Yields examples from the NELL belief knowledge base and candidate bleifs knowledge base if the config is 'nell_belief' and 'nell_candidate', respectively, otherwise yields the sentences for two dataset if the config is 'nell_belief_sentences' and 'nell_candidate_sentences' respectively."""
-
-        with open(filepath, encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            id_ = -1
-            for row in f:
-                row = row.strip().split("\t")
-                if "[" in row[3]:
-                    row[3] = row[3].strip("[]").split(",")[0]
-                if "[" in row[4]:
-                    row[4] = row[4].strip("[]").split(",")[0]
-                if self.config.name in ("nell_belief", "nell_candidate"):
-                    id_ += 1
-                    yield id_, {
-                        "entity": row[0].strip(),
-                        "relation": row[1].strip(),
-                        "value": row[2].strip(),
-                        "iteration_of_promotion": row[3].strip(),
-                        "score": row[4].strip(),
-                        "source": row[5].strip(),
-                        "entity_literal_strings": row[6].strip(),
-                        "value_literal_strings": row[7].strip(),
-                        "best_entity_literal_string": row[8].strip(),
-                        "best_value_literal_string": row[9].strip(),
-                        "categories_for_entity": row[10].strip(),
-                        "categories_for_value": row[11].strip(),
-                        "candidate_source": row[12].strip(),
-                    }
-                else:
-                    best_arg1 = row[8]
-                    best_arg2 = row[9]
-                    iter_type = ""
-                    for s2 in unquote(row[12]).strip("[]").split("-Iter"):
-                        if iter_type in ("CPL", "OE"):
-                            arr = unescape(s2.split(">", 1)[-1].strip("-").replace("+", " ")).split("\t")
-                            la = len(arr)
-                            count = 0
-                            url = ""
-                            for i in range(0, la, 2):
-                                sentence = arr[i]
-                                if i + 1 == la:
-                                    count = 1
-                                    url = ""
-                                else:
-                                    try:
-                                        count = int(arr[i + 1].split(",")[0])
-                                        url = ""
-                                    except ValueError:
-                                        count = 1
-                                        url = ""
-                                        if arr[i + 1].startswith("http"):
-                                            url = arr[i + 1].split(",")[0]
-                                if iter_type == "CPL":
-                                    if "_" in sentence:
-                                        sentence = sentence.replace("_", "[[ " + best_arg1 + " ]]")
-                                    elif "arg1" in sentence:
-                                        sentence = sentence.replace("arg1", "[[ " + best_arg1 + " ]]").replace(
-                                            "arg2", "[[ " + best_arg2 + " ]]"
-                                        )
-                                    else:
-                                        continue
-                                if sentence.endswith("CPL"):
-                                    sentence = sentence[:-5]
-                                if sentence.endswith("OE"):
-                                    sentence = sentence[:-4]
-                                id_ += 1
-                                yield id_, {
-                                    "entity": row[0].replace("candidate:", "").replace("concept:", "").strip(),
-                                    "relation": row[1].replace("candidate:", "").replace("concept:", "").strip(),
-                                    "value": row[2].replace("candidate:", "").replace("concept:", "").strip(),
-                                    "score": row[4].strip(),
-                                    "sentence": sentence.strip(),
-                                    "count": int(count),
-                                    "url": url.strip(),
-                                    "sentence_type": iter_type,
-                                }
-                        iter_type = s2.split(",")[-1].strip("+")

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